Hearted Youtube comments on Extra History (@extrahistory) channel.

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  243. [Long Post Ahead] Hi everyone! I’m Rob Rath, lead writer for Hunting the Bismarck. Because sponsored episodes don’t have a LIES episode, the EH crew decided the best thing would be for me to write them here in the comments. EPISODE I: THE PRIDE OF GERMANY • BRITISH PERSPECTIVE: After discussing possible approaches, we chose to tell the story from the British perspective as an hour-by-hour intelligence thriller. This approach had a few big advantages: it was tense, had a propulsive narrative, and allowed us to focus on the British intelligence effort that’s usually glossed over in other documentaries. It also let us communicate the “fog of war” and show how little the British often knew. The downside, though, is it gives short shrift to the Germans—but my hope is that the Bismarck’s side of this story is already well known to most naval history fans. • WASN’T YAMATO THE BIGGEST?: Yes, the Yamato’s displacement was larger—but it was still under construction when Bismarck sank. Yamato had already been “launched,” but that merely meant that its hull was floating in the water with its superstructure and armaments still under construction. Only after being “commissioned” into active service did it count as a real battleship. • CANADIAN SUPPLY CONVOYS: Several people pointed out that the Royal Canadian Navy and Merchant Marines played a large role in the Atlantic convoys. This is absolutely true, and I wish we had depicted that. As a form of apology, let me offer this: did you know that four Canadian midshipmen served at the Battle of the Denmark Strait? One served on the Prince of Wales, while three died on the HMS Hood. The Hood crew also included 20 men from Newfoundland, which was not (yet) a part of Canada. EPISODE II: THE MIGHTY HMS HOOD • WHY WAS PRINZ EUGEN OUT AHEAD?: It actually wasn’t a strategy. When Bismarck fired at the cruiser Norfolk in Episode I, the concussion of its own guns knocked out its radar array. Prinz Eugen was going first to act as a radar picket. • DID ALL THAT STUFF IN THE BATTLE REALLY HAPPEN?: Many people thought we took artistic license, but the events in this episode are based on the accounts of veterans and Hood survivors. One caveat: much like the circumstances of Hood’s sinking, there’s significant debate over whether Hood’s B-turret fired one last salvo. Both British and German sailors reported seeing the shot, but that doesn’t necessarily mean someone intentionally fired the guns. It’s possible that ammunition cooked off in the barrel, or that an internal explosion made it appear the guns fired. • DIDN’T MYTHBUSTERS PROVE SHIP SUCTION IS A MYTH?: Mythbusters used a 20-foot boat, which doesn’t reflect the fluid dynamics of a sinking battleship. A large ship going down very fast can experience “downflooding,” where water pours into the large spaces in the hull and ventilation shafts, pulling floating objects down like a drain. In addition, air escaping from the ship creates bubbles and foam at the surface, making the water less dense and able to support bodies. Oil and entangling debris also contribute to dragging sailors down—all three Hood survivors described being pulled down in some way. EPISODE III: A CHANCE TO STRIKE • WHY DID THE BRITISH KEEP ATTACKING ALLIES?: During most combat operations, ships tried to maintain radio silence so that listening stations on land didn’t triangulate their signal and inform enemy vessels of their position. This meant a ship’s location wasn’t always clear, and it was hard for pilots to recognize the size and silhouette of a ship when hurtling at it from several miles out. Mistakes were common. • TIME TRAVELING SHIPS AND ENIGMA ROTORS: We accidentally depicted some ships with post-war modernizations like angled flight decks. We also used the destroyer HMS Sheffield (D80)—which the Argentine Navy famously sunk during the Falklands War—instead of the cruiser HMS Sheffield (C24). Also, we misstated the number of rotors on the Enigma: the standard version had three and the naval version had four. EPISODE IV: SINKING THE BISMARCK • WASN’T THE BISMARCK SCUTTLED?: Yes. The crew set scuttling charges, partially because regulations mandated that they be set before an evacuation could take place. But Bismarck was already foundering and most assessments agree that she would’ve sunk within a day or half a day—so really the British sank her, the scuttling just sped it up. • WHY DID THE ROYAL NAVY KEEP SHOOTING?: According to naval procedure, Tovey couldn’t stop firing until Bismarck struck her colors, which she never did. The feelings about this were very mixed among the British sailors. The HMS Rodney’s chaplain really did beg his captain to stop the shelling. • WAS THERE REALLY A U-BOAT?: The lookout on the Dorsetshire spotted U-74, which had come to pick up Bismarck’s war diary at the request of Admiral Lütjens. U-74 later rescued three men clinging to a raft. WALPOLE In 1732, King George II gifted Walpole the residence at 10 Downing Street, where Winston Churchill lived and worked during WWII. Too easy? Ok! The Prinz Eugen was named after Prince Eugene of Savoy, an Italian-French general who served the Austrian Habsburgs. In 1731, Eugene was responsible for hammering out the Second Treaty of Vienna, which reoriented European politics by breaking Britain away from its ally France and instead aligning it with Austria. Who steered this on the British side? WALPOLE.
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  293. I am glad so many people are getting interested in history due to this series. But, let us remember, this style of telling history (more like a story) has distinct flaws. Specifically, to tell the story in a compelling way, some things get emphasized and some things get downplayed. Too much nuance is lost when this style of history becomes your primary source. For example, the show portrays Peter as just signing a letter claiming his unfitness to rule Russia, when he signed it at the point of a bayonet. Let shows like this get you interested in a historical event. History is interconnected. The American Revolution happened in large part because Peter pulled back from Berlin. The reason that was important was it caused the British to win the war. Due to that victory, they left the colonies alone, and allowed them to form their own governments. Also, the man who is credited with building the Continental Army was a former Prussian officer during the 7 Years’ War. If the war had continued, he might have died. The French loss in the 7 Years’ War is part of the reason they supported the Americans. Etc. You cannot tell all of that in a story format. One of my college projects (History Major, focusing on the History of Prussia), was building a timeline of the start of WW1. It could not be done in a left to right linear fashion. Instead, we started from a central event (the assassination). The timeline grew outwardly, forming a spider’s web of events. Solid circles formed time. Dotted colored lines connected the events, as each events’ influence spread, and connected with other events. Some events occurred only a few minutes apart, despite occurring in different countries, and immediately influenced another country's actions.
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  370. This video did a great job at describing the conditions imposed upon Ireland at the time. A few points left though: Some penal laws were still in place under different names. They also included limiting of the Irish language to the point it nearly died out. They were also expanded in new ways during the famine. The limited aid sent to Ireland was actually used as leverage to gain even more land. If someone wanted to avail of food aid they had to do one of two things: farmers had to give up their tiny strips of land and keep only 1/5 of an acre, essentially meaning after food aid was gone they would die. This was because of Malthusian economic thought at the time proclaimed this as just. This allowed the British to consolidate even more control over Ireland. The other option for urban working poor was work houses. They could not farm so they had to make use of the limited aid which required them to work in work houses. Families were separated, disease was rampant, the diet was terrible and many never left. Families were destroyed by this and was another way of making the Irish population dependent on the English government to suppress rebellion. The Ottomans organised 2000 tonnes of aid to be sent to Ireland, and although some saw this as a political move to anger the British, most of it was actually collected from the poor in the ottoman empire who had heard of the Irish plight and had sympathy for them. The British didn't allow the food to come into Ireland and threatened to sink their ships. The English purposely created conditions that would allow a famine to destroy Ireland. Given the land laws, potatoes were the only option. The English wanted to exterminate the Irish and take their land but wanted to make use of their labour too, so they struck the balance with these laws and conditions which in a way...kind of resembles an island wide gulag or concentration camp. Death as the end goal but making use of their labour in the meantime. The topic of the famine being a genocide is hotly debated today, however the UN definitions of genocide actually define the famine as a genocide. Because the English intentionally created the conditions for it to happen, it kind of is a genocide. After a smaller famine in the 1700s, they changed the laws further to worsen the effects of a future famine. This added with their apathetic response and literal rejection of outside aid means they exacerbated it too, taking advantage of a situation they could remedy, and using it as a genocidal tool. By definition of this UN convention, the famine was indeed a genocide for which the English government has not officially apologised for. There are appeals being issued in international courts to make them acknowledge it as a genocide and possibly even pay reparations. India are going through something similar in relation to their famine in the twentieth century.
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  454. Also worth noting regarding the failure of Operation Michael (the last German offensive mentioned here) was the breakdown in discipline among the German troops once exposed to captured French territory. Numerous reports have circulated of German units capturing French villages well behind the original trench lines only for their advance to mysteriously stop. When officers were sent forward to see what was wrong, they often found their troops drunk on French wine or gorging themselves on sausage and cheese, food and drink in quantities they hadn't seen for years due to rationing forced by the Entente blockade. Even when threatened with courtmartial, some units simply refused to move until the towns had been stripped bare. It's pure conjecture on my part, but it seems very possible that many German troops may have contracted the flu while on these pillaging kinda-mutinies. It was only a week into the offensive that Ludendorff declared a primary objective: The key railway junction at Amiens. Had the Germans been successful, the Entente's supply lines would have been thrown into chaos and supply of large portions of the trench lines would have been next to impossible. But by then it was too late; the offensive had lost momentum and the Entente forces had rallied, halting any further advance. It was all the Germans could do to dig in once again to avoid being pushed back, which they eventually were at the great Battle of Amiens, one of the first major uses of all branches of the military: air power, infantry squads, tanks, mobile artillery, machine gun units, even cavalry to a limited degree, all coordinated as one. Also, regarding the situation with Russia, even after the revolution things were far from simple. It took the Russians months to even settle on which new government was really in charge, and this quickly devolved into the Russian Civil War 1917-1923. Once the Bolshevik government, let by Lenin, did gain enough support to negotiate with the Germans, the Russian diplomats, led by Leon Trotsky, dragged their heels about accepting German peace proposals. It was only when Germany threatened to push through Latvia and take St. Petersburg that Trotsky was finally forced to accept... something. The final treaty was almost incomprehensible, but it did technically end Russia's involvement in the war against Germany... sort of. Even so, while the Germans were able to pull a lot of units from the Eastern Front, a large contingent of the army was kept pinned down at the Russian border as the threat of the war reigniting there still remained until the very end.
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  535. There's a lot to this story that really speaks to the time, and there's a whole bunch you probably had to cut down for time. One part of it is the lawyer for Harris and Blanck, Max Steuer, who was one of those lawyers everyone knew and feared at the time. One of the big reasons they got off the charges was because the witness the prosecution used didn't speak english very well (because she was an immigrant) and the DA thought that Steuer wouldn't press her too hard for fear of looking like a bully going after a young girl. Steuer's response was to instead ask the witness, Kate Alterman, to repeat her story again, and then again, and then again. The coaching she had gone through because of her poor english sounded more like she had been coached with a false story due to the repetition of specific phrases, which threw just enough doubt on the eyewitness testimony that there was no preponderance of evidence and the jury acquitted. He managed to tear down her story while doing nothing more than calmly and politely asking for clarification and repetition of the testimony. After the verdict, one of the jurors made a statement about why: "I believed that the door was locked at the time of the fire, but we couldn't find them guilty unless we believed they knew the door was locked." It's not important to the overall story of the historical importance of the labor movement, but it is a nice little keyhole insight into how the justice system works and how sometimes those cases you think are slam dunks turn out to not be the case. Also, I hope that it might help some people realize that as good as these videos are, you should use them as a springboard to do further research on your own. History is not a series of events. It's a weave of millions of things converging, and there will always be more to learn about an event than you think there is. It's always worth taking the extra time to dig more into something, you'll be amazed at what you can learn.
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  802. I am so grateful that I learned about Wu from the Extra History team first instead of some warped pop-culture interpretation of her. Although I always love learning about popular historical or mythological characters such as Vlad the Impaler, Rasputin, or Hercules, if I’m first exposed to them through popular culture (which almost always takes millions of liberties in regards to historical accuracy), that’s what I always think of first. Whenever I have to write about them for whatever reason, I have to constantly fight a mental war with myself to remember, no, Vlad the Impaler was not an immortal vampire who tried to eat a Victorian lawyer, Rasputin was not a spiteful sorcerer who sold his soul for a demonic reliquary to curse the Romanovs, and Hercules had way too much anger issues to be considered Superman in Ancient Greece. Because of this series, I will think of Wu Zetian as a cunning, manipulative, power-grabbing master of political intrigue and seduction (which I admit is not the most flattering view). However, I won’t remember her as some unhinged, megalomaniacal psycho-bitch who was murderously evil for its own sake and justified excluding women from positions of power and authority. I had never heard the name Wu Zetian before her name came up on the Patreon poll, but you’d better believe that will never forget that name now that I’ve finished this series, and I’ll never think of her as the heartless demon empress her enemies tried to cast her as. This was a fantastic series, and I look forward to watching the Lies Episode.
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  882. The water problem is to pump water from the nearby Tonlé Sap (Great Lake). Part of the Tonlé Sap Biosphere Reserve, this is Southeast Asia’s largest lake and one of the world’s most significant wetland ecosystems, due to its unique environmental qualities and extraordinary biodiversity. The variety of fauna and flora of Tonlé Sap is depicted in the bas-reliefs of Angkor’s Bayon Temple. Many of its plant species are used for religious and medicinal purposes by Cambodians. Two million Cambodians also depend on the bounty of the lake’s freshwater fisheries – one of the most productive in the world, with an annual fish harvest of over 250,000 metric tons. It is crucial for the Cambodian government to weigh the environmental impact before it approves any project to pump water to Siem Reap. The biosphere, which is also the cradle of the Tonlé Sap River, has enormous significance for Cambodians. It acts as a flood mediator for the Mekong River, which flows through five other Southeast Asian countries, so its significance reaches far beyond Cambodia. Each year, during the rainy season, the Mekong water level rises and overflows into the Tonlé Sap River which, instead of draining the lake as it does during the dry season, is forced to change direction and flow back ‘up’ into the lake. This phenomenon makes the Mekong the only major river in the world to flow in two directions at different times of the year. This annual flood raises the lake level from 1 to 1.5 meters up to 8 to 10 meters, increasing its area fivefold, as it spills out over the floodplain. One of the world’s great conservation success stories, which includes the revival of several species of endangered birds since protection efforts started in 1999, Tonlé Sap and its floodplain have been listed as the Tonlé Sap Biosphere Reserve under UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB). The 20% year-on-year increase in tourism has also contributed to environmental pollution. Waste control remains an ongoing problem, though many of the temples are swept and cleaned ritually. Rubbish heaps are a common sight in Siem Reap, and tourists and locals think nothing of dumping garbage and wastewater directly into the river. Residents living along the Siem Reap river have complained the water is too dirty to use or bathe in. They say that twelve years ago, the water was so clean, they could use it in their homes. Today, the river is dark and dirty, and the water stinks, according to residents. While Phnom Kulen (“Mountain of Lychees”), twenty-five miles northeast of Angkor Wat, is off the beaten track for the hordes of tourists that descend upon the temples each day, the ill effects of deforestation have eaten into the lush tree cover there. Located upstream, water from the Kulen mountain is another source that flows through the Siem Reap river basin and runs into the Tonlé Sap lake. Here, illegal logging and the planting of cash crops such as cashew trees and beans have adversely affected hydrological patterns in the entire ecosystem and impacted fish productivity. UNESCO recently launched a pilot project: “Enhancing and Restoring Water Systems in Angkor World Heritage Site and Siem Reap City(link is external)”. It uses the sustainability science approach to propose solutions and initiate a sustainable transformation of socio-environmental interactions in the river basin. Policy, legal and institutional frameworks are strengthened through collaborative linkages, learning alliances and targeted interventions for capacity-building at the pilot area, at the national, regional and community levels.
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  1094. This is one of the reasons why I've long since desired collegial power and proportional and consensus systems, mainly single transferable vote, score voting, and the proportional form of score voting, reweigted score voting. In Ireland for example, in a five seat multi member district, if there were 60 thousand votes cast, you only need to win 10,001 votes to win (once five candidates have reached this quota, it is impossible for any other candidate to win) They are bigger than single member districts of course, allowing you to find many more people of similar beliefs and desires as you even if they make up only maybe a fifth of the electorate, a key factor that makes independents win in the Dail Eirann. And only about a fifth of candidates were elected in the first count of the votes, most need to have transfer votes from eliminated candidates (those who got the fewest votes and weren't popular enough to win a seat) and from the excess ballots from candidates who have met the quota. This makes it a very bad idea to alienate people. It's hard to say only I can solve problems, because you are only capable of getting 1/3-1/5 of the seats in the district, you will work at a minimum with other people in the same district, and nearly invariably this involves opposition or independent members,o and even members of the same party that competed against you for votes due to the ranking system. You also have an incentive to work with other members of the same alliance to help promote each other so as to get at least one of you elected, if you can't, you'll still get a decent life and usually some influence in the party, like organizing crucial roles, and may be selected to run in the next election if you prove to be decently popular even if you came up short. Political parties that are similar enough to current ones but under fresh leadership, they can pretty easily pop into existance, and can attract many of the guinea votes who otherwise would have been firmly stuck one way or another, having to choose between two similar options for them rather than one that you knew for a long time would be basically the only party or movement or person you wanted to choose. It's a much smaller risk, and you can focus on a group of supporters rather than trying to please an absolute majority or even plurality with promises you can't keep to any one of them. I also have disliked the US's focus on a singular president for a long time, and same with the senate where you only really have one up at any given time. I have been more favourable to collegial power via parliamentary, Swiss, and cooperative structures (such as trade unions, cooperatives, and commune boards of directors). There is not a big risk in losing by a small percentage, and even a president who wins in a two round system with an absolute majority will still be a second choice to many, which is not ideal. Confidence and supply deals and coalitions, cabinets, the ability to sack a prime minister or cabinet minister even if the party in general is popular without being accused of a coup d'etat, that's a very useful property in my opinion. This also applies for non state entities, which I believe are better at providing for what we really need and want instead of governments and should be promoted as an alternative. When you have a singular leader, you risk a lot. They may be arrested, they might be killed, inoculously or not, They might be censored, and it can be hard to remove cults of personality around them. It's far better to spread the risk out.
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  1263. I mean... I hate to be that guy, but its kinda their MO Whoever the focus piece is currently on is treated like the main character in a book. Its written specifically to get you to identify with them. You see the same effect in various (usually fictional) media. Its both the best and worst part of this series. On the one hand it makes history accessible because its not just a list of events. Its told like a story with people you can identify with and characters you can root for. It also gives more tangible (positive) consequences to the actions of the characters. We know looting is bad, we know it was a consequence of being on the loosing side of a war. But that doesn't breed sympathy and interest in who you are spotlighting in the average person. And the downside is much the same, the travesties are downplayed a bit to make the individual seem more heroic and breed more interest in them. But in doing so you aren't quite getting the whole story. Its a trade off, and honestly there are enough (frankly better) sources out there if you want the hard facts rather than the pseudo serialization EH has going on. My nephew for example HATES history. Thinks hearing names and dates and the reasons those names and dates are important are a boring slog. But he loves this series. My only wish is that they did the "lies" episode in this same format instead of as a long rambling kinda thing. Because the layman that gets the distorted heroic version of this probably wont watch the lies episode due to its lack of formatting.
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  1648. Speaking from my experience as an administrator for a web forum, I think social media outlets need to limit how many accounts someone may have. They also need stronger methods of dealing with bot accounts and preventing new ones from being formed. Having dealt with spambots for a while (we get at least a few each day on average, and those are just the ones that break through our existing countermeasures), though, I'm not going to claim to know what exactly social media companies can do to block bot accounts, let alone how effective any of their countermeasures would be or whether or not there would be collateral damage. It's an arms race, for starters; bad actors are always going to seek ways to get around whatever defenses social media outlets develop, and given enough time, they will eventually find a weak spot to exploit, meaning social media outlets can't just put up a new layer of defense and call it a day (I speak from experience on this one; for a while, we were spambot-free thanks to automated countermeasures, but they started breaking through again a year or two ago). This arms race is also rigged in the bad actors' favor; bad actors only need to focus on breaking through the latest countermeasures, whereas social media outlets need to craft countermeasures that not only keep bad actors out, but are also precise enough to only affect bad actors. rjr81 also raises a good point about the dangers of making links between accounts public knowledge; cyberbullying is a serious risk if someone's got a personal account and an "anonymous" account, especially if the owner of the account is from a demographic that's frequently targeted in online harassment campaigns. You've brought up such campaigns in the past (I believe the most recent mention was in your video on CDA 230), so I do think it was an unfortunate oversight on your part that you apparently failed to consider it when making this video.
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  1749. I started to write a brief reply and got carried away with myself. Sorry that it's a little on the long side, but yeah, there it is =) You're right that libertarianism (whether from the left or the right) does not support fascism. It's worth pointing out, however, that right libertarianism, in its support of capitalism, does allow fascism the possibility of existing. Right libertarianism, in the form of unquestioning faith in the Free Market, allows fascism to thrive, since fascism is an outgrowth of the capitalism seen in the real world. Ie, "hands off" capitalism has never existed; the state, as it developed in the 18th century, was integral to the industrial revolutions that allowed the capitalist/investor class to thrive (see 'Empire of Guns' for a good rundown of this thesis within the context of the British Empire). Support for capitalism, therefore, allows fascism, even if it does not support/condone it, because fascism co-opts the mechanisms of capital and harnesses them to ethnonationalists ends. Hence the alliance in the 1930s between German business interests and the Nazis - the businessmen wanted the profits that government contracts would provide, and the Nazis needed the arms produced by these private institutions. Fascism and business, therefore, are quite symbiotic in that way. And since state supported capitalism seems prone to monopoly, you're always going to get business magnates ready to profit off an aggressive state enterprise (like conquering Europe). Left libertarianism, which is what people outside America mean when they reference libertarians, claim that it is capitalism itself (which, remember, is supported by the state and requires forced labor of some sort to provide profits - whether actual slaves, wage slavery like what we see in Amazon fulfillment centers, 3rd world sweat shops, or the Foxconn factory that makes Apple products) is the current means by which most people are kept unfree. It seeks, therefore, the abolition of private property and the democratic control of the means of production (factories, resources, etc) so as to allow people to live uncoerced by bosses, landlords, or unaccountable bureaucrats. Both forms of libertarianism seek freedom; it's just one looks to market competition and the other to democratic collective action. Heinlein loathed socialism mostly as a response to the USSR, which he rightly saw as tyrannical, since it basically replicated the state-capitalism seen in England, France, or America, just with more central planning involved. Heinlein, erroneously, equated this state mandated (and state defined) socialism/communism with all socialist thought and philosophy, and, as they say, ended up throwing the baby out with the bathwater.
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  2797. Heck, you could make a series on just the ingredients of beer. For example, the rise of hops over gruit was probably the first example of mass production destroying cottage industries. Before the widespread cultivation of hops, beers were flavored with gruit - mixtures of sweet and bitter herbs taken from local forests. Monasteries in particular would have forest lands set aside so that they would have access to these herbs for their brewing needs. The interesting thing is with gruit, there's literally infinite combinations of flavor profiles, and each and every local brew truly was unique - that whole fantasy trope of adventurers getting into arguments about whose town has the best beer actually was a thing in medieval times. So why did hops win in the end? Part of the reason is taxes - gruits were effectively patented and owned by monasteries, and as towns grew larger and more taverns appeared the monasteries would continue to charge church taxes for anyone using their gruit recipes. The gruit taxes did not apply to hops, so over time because hops were cheaper brewers came to use them more and more. Hops are also easier to grow at scale - instead of relying on finding herbs out in a forest, you can simply grow the hops on trellises in your garden. The final nail in the coffin was the fact that hops are a preservative - and just as we over-salt our foods today to extend their shelf life, late medieval brewers switched to hops so that they could store their beer for longer before it turned. In the end, increasing profits for brewers and the bottom line won out over gruit recipes that were centuries old, and today we can only speculate what portions of herbs went into a typical gruit. What we do know is that while the switch was happening, it seems almost universal that beer enjoyers preferred the flavors of gruit beers over hopped beers, and they bemoaned the dying art of making a good gruit. We may have given up a superior flavor of beer all for a bit longer shelf life and a slightly higher profit for brewers.
    5
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