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Youtube comments of 伝道 (@culto779).

@einienj3281 98% more than the world population, my estimate is 4.7%, I am Japanese
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@Reece-3601 It is not a precise answer, and in general it is the other way around, sub-Saharans' dark skin is much more likely to produce melanin due to sun exposure, compared to Eurasians. However, it depends on which light skin genes you have, Europeans and Middle Eastern populations have genes like SLC24A5, SLC24A2, MATP, TYR, KIGT, ASIP, BNC2, East Asians have MC1R, KITG, ASIP, POU2F3, HYAL2 . Each gene causes some degree of skin tone, but they have different effects, some make you more likely to tan, others not, some like HYAL2 make your fair skin resistant to the stress of ultraviolet rays. Eurasians usually have various combinations at different frequencies of these genes. Neanderthals had MC1R, BNC2, POU2F3, HYAL2, East Asians inherited 70% of the skin gene variants from Neanderthals, but Europeans inherited BNC2 from Neanderthals.
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@Reece-3601 They actually don't know for sure the skin tone of this individual, but they assume that they had light skin due to the DNA of the European Neanderthals, these Middle Eastern Neanderthals were very similar to the European Neanderthals.
7
Indigenous Australians and Papuans have the largest amount of admixture of "Non African" origin among living humans, an estimated 6% of Denisovan DNA and 3% of Neanderthal origin. Indigenous Australians and Papuans have a unique blood variant of Rhesus Negative, this blood type was present in Neanderthals and Denisovans, but is currently not present in Eurasians, they being the only ones who have it. A 2022 study found that 11 Papuans and 2 Indigenous Australians possessed the same blood type as Neanderthals.
4
@Reece-3601 The Neanderthals had a combination of genes different from living Humans, I can't tell you with certainty what they looked like, but I can say that the Europeans inherited BNC2 and the East Asians inherited POU2F3 and HYAL2, and that HYAL2 is a gene that provides skin resistance to the stress of sunlight, so Neanderthals who had this gene were more resistant to solar radiation without the need to have a darker tone.
4
@Rno352 Asians possess more Neanderthal DNA, Oceanian populations possess more Denisovan DNA, Denisovan DNA is very similar to Neanderthals, because of this, although Asians possess the highest levels of actual Neanderthal DNA, Oceanian populations are the living humans with the most genetic affinity to Neanderthals due to their Denisovan DNA. Indigenous Australians possess 5% Denisovan DNA plus 3% Neanderthal DNA, East Asians possess 4% Neanderthal DNA with 0.2% Denisovan DNA.
4
The cranial characteristics of living men and women can be differentiated, the same occurs with Neanderthals
3
Subsaharan Africans have an average of 0.3% Neanderthal DNA, this is because a Eurasian population returned to Africa 40 thousand years ago, however there are African individuals without Neanderthal DNA, because it is an average. Eurasians own on average 2%, however if we focus on specific populations, South Asian populations own 6%, East Asians 4%, Northeast Europeans such as the Finn ugric 4%, Northern Europeans 3 %.
3
@JohnK.-cj2nqNeanderthals have a different genetic combination of skin than living humans.
3
@Reece-3601 The answer depends on what genes the individual has.
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Several, in fact the first Neanderthals from 400,000 years ago had cranial characteristics different from the last Neanderthals, the last Neanderthals were divided into three genetically differentiated populations, the Western Neanderthals (most of Europe), the Eastern Neanderthals (Southeastern Europe and the Middle East), the Siberian Neanderthals (Central Asia and Siberia), then we can add the Neanderthal & Denisovan Hybrids that lived in Siberia, the Homo Sapiens & Neanderthals that possibly lived in the Arabian Peninsula but we do not have their DNA, only their skeletons.
2
The populations of Oceania, such as the Indigenous Australians, Melanesians, Papuans or Ayta of the Philippines, have the highest levels of DNA of "Non African" origin, in the case of the Indigenous Australians they have 3% Neanderthal and 5% Denisovan DNA
2
@Normalman777q Something interesting that I found, the Neanderthals had a blood variant called unique negative Rhesus, this variant is not present in almost all Eurasians, except the Papuans and the Indigenous Australians, according to a scientific study from 2022. If we analyze the DNA of these populations, they have 5% Denisovan DNA and 3% Neanderthal DNA, which makes them the humans with the most DNA of "Non African" origin, and those who have the most affinity to ancient Eurasian populations.
2
When the first humans left Africa 90 thousand years ago, they mixed with the Neanderthals in the Middle East, this gave rise to the Basal Eurasians, these Basal Eurasians were isolated for 30 thousand years in the Mesta Irani, then they spread throughout Europe and Asia , the Basal Eurasians who migrated to East and South Asia mixed again with the Denisovans, from this population the Eastern Basal Eurasians emerged. 25 thousand years ago, the DNA core of the Western Eurasians emerged, called Dzudzuana, who lived in the Caucasus and the Iranian Plateau. It was made up of 60% Paleolithic European DNA, 28% Basal Eurasian DNA, and the rest from Eastern and South Asian Basal DNA. 50 thousand years ago the Eastern Basalians migrated from Asia to Oceania, where they gave rise to the populations of Onge, Indigenous Australians, Melanesians, and Papuans. The Eastern Basals that remained in Asia experienced change, 17 thousand years ago the core of Eastern Asia emerged with Ark17, which represents the ancestors of the current Asians.
2
0.3% in Subsaharan Africans, 2% in Europeans and 4% in Asians.
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Actually, East Asians have the highest genetic affinity to Neanderthals. 2% on average in Europe and 4% in Neanderthals. Just look up the percentages on the Internet to corroborate what I say.
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Asian, according to genetic analysis, only searches on the Internet because Asians have more Neanderthal DNA than Europeans
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Racism is punished more and more in New York, a fine of 250,000 dollars is given, here in Spain it is 60,000 euros plus three years in jail, this trend is global and is spreading to Asia. It is also necessary to define what exactly is racism, it is considered racism when you comment on the physical or ethnic features of a person, also due to differential treatment if you prefer to hire Chinese in favor of whites or blacks it can be considered racism or if you prefer whites before blacks it is also considered racism, it is generally taken as a reference to blacks since they are the ones who suffer the most but they can also be from other races or ethnicities
2
Only a fraction had red hair genes, but not all, in addition to the fact that there were three clearly differentiated groups of Neanderthals, the reconstruction of the Iraqi Neanderthal represents the Neanderthals of the East, in terms of Autosomal DNA the populations of Southeast Asia have greater genetic affinity towards the Neanderthals.
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@iraniandude2899 However, it depends on which light skin genes you have, Europeans and Middle Eastern populations have genes like SLC24A5, SLC24A2, MATP, TYR, KIGT, ASIP, BNC2, East Asians have MC1R, KITG, ASIP, POU2F3, HYAL2. Each gene causes a certain degree of skin tone, but they have different effects, some make you more likely to tan, some don't, some like HYAL2 make your fair skin resistant to the stress of UV rays. Eurasians usually have various combinations at different frequencies of these genes. Neanderthals had MC1R, BNC2, POU2F3, HYAL2, East Asians inherited 70% of the skin genetic variants from Neanderthals, but Europeans inherited BNC2 and from Neanderthals, also a variant of MC1R that causes red hair color
2
@JohnK.-cj2nq European Hunter Gatherers had similar Neanderthal DNA levels to Southeast Asian populations 10,000 years ago, but 8,000 years ago, there was a genetic replacement, Anatolian Farmers had much lower Neanderthal DNA levels, these Farmers mixed and They then displaced the European Hunter Gatherers, creating a new population called European Farmers with levels of only 2% Neanderthal DNA, the European Farmers mixed again with the peoples of the Pontic Steppe to give rise to the current Europeans.
2
@JohnK.-cj2nqThe truth is that we don't even know if the Basal Eurasians existed, we simply created a theory based on the DNA shared between living human populations and extinct human populations, in theory the Taforaf of North Africa have 66% of this DNA, then we have 76% in Dzudzuana (ancient population of the Caucasus), 50% shared DNA in European Hunter Gatherers, 50% in Natufians, 38% in Iranian Farmers. But we know that the Basal Eurasians had a gene called ATF3, a gene that the Neanderthals had and that the current Sub-Saharans have at very low frequencies, except for the populations of the North and the Horn of Africa, this gene is responsible for tissue repair. nervous and neuronal, but it is also replaceable for the long nose present mainly in Eurasians, Eastern Eurasians also have this gene but mutated, generating a shorter nose.
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@kellydalstok8900 Southern Europeans have low frequencies of KITG and TYR genes, then they have low frequencies of genes like OCA2 (blue eyes) and Herc2 (blonde hair).
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@Reece-3601 I have a former partner, who, no matter how much she was exposed to the sun, never tanned. She is of Northern European ethnicity, but I know that there are other Northern Europeans who tan easily. I am of Asian ethnicity. I tan easily, but my tan only lasts a few days before. to return to normal, I have friends of the same ethnicity who, once they tan, take months to regain their normal skin tone.
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You are right, the percentage of Neanderthal DNA is very low than human populations, the reason why Europeans or Asians have these characteristics is not due to mixing with Neanderthals. Long after Neanderthals became extinct, humans continued to mutate.
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Homo Sapiens, Homo Neanderthals, Homo Denisovan and Homo Erectus were humans, but of different species. Homo Sapiens emerged in the horn of Africa 220 thousand years ago, where they expanded, however the Africans who live today are different from these first Africans, Homo Sapiens have changed a lot in Africa, humans are genetically closest to the The first Homo Sapiens are the Khoisan or indigenous South Africans, these emerged 50 thousand to 70 thousand years ago, after the first Homo Sapiens, modern Africans emerged 30 thousand years ago with the expansion of the Bantues from West Africa, modern Europeans 6000 thousand years ago years and the Asians 11 thousand years ago, the Indigenous Australians 50 thousand years ago.
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@Hail_To_The_King Yes, because Afros have a greater deficiency in serotonin, the synthesis of Serotonin, they need to absorb large amounts of solar radiation, but Afros have too dark skin and do not absorb enough sunlight in the North of the world in general. From an Autosomal DNA perspective the populations most likely to have depression are Asians, Sub-Saharan Africans are most likely to have Schizophrenia, and Europeans are most likely to have Alzheimer's.
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If we talk about Neanderthal DNA candidacy, Asia would have the greatest amount of DNA, South Asia in first place, East Asia in second place and Northern Europe in third place.
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Genetic models indicate that Neanderthals and Homo Sapiens diverged somewhere between 700,000 years ago and 500,000 years ago. We use the mitochondrial DNA and the Y Chromosome, since they are not recombinant to create approximate dates, the mitochondrial DNA and the Y Chromosome have a mutation between 5000 to 20,000 years, so we can create an imprecise but approximate date of the separation, Something interesting is that the Y chromosome tends to get smaller and smaller as it becomes more modern. The paternal lineages of the Neanderthals are A000 and the lineage of Khoisan or South African Hunter Gatherers is A2, this implies that Khoisan and Neanderthal have a common ancestor, the Denisovans had a super Archaic A0000 lineage, but their Autosomal DNA was very similar to the Neanderthals , perhaps the common ancestor of the Denisovans mixed with Late Homo Erectus in Asia.
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Its genetic flow is found in all Eurasians and also in North Africans.
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It depends on which light skin genes you have, Europeans and Middle Eastern populations have genes like SLC24A5, SLC24A2, MATP, TYR, KIGT, ASIP, BNC2, East Asians have MC1R, KITG, ASIP, POU2F3, HYAL2 . Each gene causes some degree of skin tone, but they have different effects, some make you more likely to tan, others not, some like HYAL2 make your fair skin resistant to the stress of ultraviolet rays. Eurasians usually have various combinations at different frequencies of these genes. Neanderthals had MC1R, BNC2, POU2F3, HYAL2, East Asians inherited 70% of the skin gene variants from Neanderthals, but Europeans inherited BNC2 from Neanderthals.
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@Hail_To_The_King Cranial structures are defined by genes and sex hormones. Men have a Y chromosome that differentiates them, but they share the X chromosome with women. But if you give female hormones to a girl, she will develop completely male characteristics, if you give female hormones to a male child she will develop ambiguous characteristics of both sexes.
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Not really, the first Caucasoid was Sunghir 1, who lived 39,000 years ago, his DNA corresponds to living Europeans and Middle Eastern populations. Neanderthals were very different in terms of Autosomal DNA, they were at least 60% Archai Human and only 40% Modern Human. The skull of Neanderthals is also very different from that of a Caucasoid, with an elongated braincase and giant brow ridges.
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No, Western Neanderthals were redheads with blue eyes. However, Neanderthals presented their own diversity, they could be divided into three large groups, Western Neanderthals, Eastern Neanderthals (Southeastern Europe and the Middle East), and Siberian Neanderthals (Central Asia and Siberia). Neanderthals lived for 400 thousand years, in those periods they developed increasingly robust traits, and genetic analyzes in Atapuerca (Spain) show that depending on the period, their characteristics varied, from dark-haired Neanderthals to red-haired, light-skinned to brown.
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The Hebilbergensis separated into three lineages, Homo Sapiens about 700,000 years ago and the Eurasian Hebilbergensis gave rise to the Neanderthals and Denisovans, the Neanderthals and the Denisovans separated 300,000 years ago.
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The lineages of Homo Sapiens and the chimpanzee separated 7 million years ago, 4 million years ago ardipithecus appeared, they were very similar to the current apes but could walk upright, 2.5 million years ago Homo Habilidis appeared (the first Archaic Humans), these already had half the human brain capacity, and they already made very simple stone tools, from them the Homo Ergaster evolved in Africa 2 million years ago, from these Homo Erectus emerged, they were the first to emerge from Africa and spread throughout Eurasia, the Homo Erectus that stayed in Africa gave rise to Homo Hebilbergensis, the Hebilbergensis left Africa and evolved into the Neanderthals and Denisovans, the Denisovans have a mixture of Homo Erectus, the Hebilbergensis that stayed in Africa gave origin to Homo Sapiens, the Homo Sapiens that left Africa mixed a little with the Neanderthals and gave rise to the Eurasians, the ancient Eurasians emigrated to Asia where they mixed a little with the Denisovans giving rise to the Eastern Eurasians.
1
@pandamanalgeria The three humans with the most Basal Eurasian DNA are Dudzuana, Tarolaf and European Hunter Gatherers, all of them have ATF3, in fact all living humans with Basal Eurasian DNA have ATF3, a gene that Neanderthals have, it is possible that the Basals had a mixture archaic but at very low frequencies.
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@JohnK.-cj2nqThe first population of Homo Sapiens to arrive in Europe was Zlatý Kún, this individual had 35% Sub-Saharan admixture and 10% Neanderthal DNA, the rest of the DNA corresponds to the Basal lineage currently present in the indigenous North Africans, later they came to Europe, OASE 1 and Bachi Kiro, these populations had 100% Basal East Eurasian DNA, they were directly related to Tianyuan Man in China, and their Autosomal DNA was closer Onge and the Indigenous people of the Indian Subcontinent alive, then came Sunghir 1 ( Cro-magnon), his DNA was made up of 50% Basal Eurasian, he was related to the Europeans and the living Middle Eastern populations, but the direct ancestor of the Mesolithic European Hunter Gatherers was not him, it was Villabruna, a close cousin by Sunghir 1
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@JohnK.-cj2nq That's right the Ayta have high levels of Denisovan DNA, that is completely correct, however most of the DNA of modern Filipinos come from Continental Asia, they are predominantly of Austranesian ancestry that came from South China and Southeast Asia, the DNA of modern Filipinos show a greater affinity towards Neanderthals than towards Denisovans. Polygenetic models indicate that there were only two waves of immigration from Africa (there could have been more but in that case they did not leave a significant mark), these populations that emigrated to Eurasia went through a genetic bottleneck because they were very small human groups, but from the Iranian Plateau and the North of the Arabian Peninsula, they quickly grew in population and displaced the Neanderthals, Denisovans or other Eurasian populations.
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@JohnK.-cj2nq The light skin genetic alleles of Neanderthals are MC1R,BNC2, POHYAL2, HYAL2. Europeans and Middle Eastern populations only inherited BNC2. East and Southeast Asians inherited MC1R, POHYAL2, HYAL2, the highest frequencies of these genes are found in the Southeast, especially the HYAL2 gene.
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A variant of the Neanderthal MC1R gene gives red hair, and the OCA2 gene gives blue eyes. Today's blonde hair is produced by a KITG variant, related to the Eastern Hunter Gatherers who lived 30,000 years after the disappearance of the Neanderthals.
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Evolution consists of genetic mutation, genetic drift, natural selection, sexual selection and mixture processes. The scientific study does not contradict these processes at any time.
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The Ancient North Eurasians were 75% West Eurasian and 25% East Eurasian, modern Europeans derive 25% ANE DNA, West Siberians 30%, Central Asian peoples 15%, Native North Americans a 30%, South Americans 45%. The Ket and the Andean people of South America are the ethnic groups that have the most ANE DNA, with 45%.
1
The IQ of Europeans or Scandinavians is between 105 - 110, there has been an average drop of 6 points in the last 10 years. The East Asians had a peak between 2010 and 2020, although in recent years it has begun to decline by 3 points on average. Jewish have the highest IQ due to a greater predisposition to Austism, a condition that is associated with high IQ, introversion and a lower ability to develop social relationships with other people. This predisposition is present in other populations such as the Sephardic Jews who are a mixture of the Levant with Western Asia, the Ashkenazi have a better performance but in recent years the Sephardim have equaled the Ashkenazis. Which questions many of these hypotheses, but there are truths but they are quite biased, IQ seems more associated with intragenerational and environmental factors.
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In the Mesolithic, Europe was dominated by Western Hunter Gatherers. The Ancient Eurasians of the North migrated to Europe and mixed with the WHG, giving rise to the Eastern Hunter Gatherers EHG=(75% ANE +25% WHG), in Scandinavia the WHG mixed with the EHG, giving rise to the Hunters Scandinavian Foragers SHG=(81% WHG +19% ANE). From Turkey, the Anatolian Farmers expanded and mixed with the WHG, giving rise to the Early European Framer EEF=(80% Anatolian + 20% WHG). The EHG mixed with Caucasian Hunter Gatherers CHG, giving rise to the Western Steppe Herder or popularly known as Indo-Europeans, WSH=(50% EHG +50% CHG). During the Neolithic the EEF mixed with the SHG and the Indo-Europeans of the Steppes, giving rise to modern Europeans.
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In the Paleolithic, the Ancient Eurasians of North ANE mixed with the Ancient Eurasians of East Asia ANEA, giving rise to the Beringians and the Native Americans (60%-70% ANEA + 30%-40% ANE). In Central Asia the ANE mix with the ANEA, giving rise to the Western Siberian Hunter-Gatherers (80% ANE +20% ANEA), however these Hunter-Gatherers were displaced by Indo-Europeans from the steppes and Indo-Iranians, later they were displaced by peoples of the Northeast Asia, as a consequence the peoples of Central Asia only have 15% ANE DNA, currently the Andeans of South America and the Ket of Siberia have 40% ANE DNA, in contrast the Europeans have 25% and Central Asia 15%.
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The Australian DNA is a misinterpretation of the data. The ANE and the ANEA already had genetic affinity with populations from South Asia and Oceania, the first Europeans or Cro-Magnons had up to 50% of DNA from the extreme South of Asia and Oceania, so we can deduce that it was an ancient DNA shared by the Eurasian populations.
1
@JohnK.-cj2nq I have the Neanderthal genetic markings, I have a Neanderthal DNA map where they show the Neanderthal DNA hot spots, all the Eastern Eurasians have more affinity than the Europeans and the Middle East, the North African populations have lower levels. Your statement is not correct according to genetic markers
1
Generally in Asia there is a lot of racism especially because of skin color, however Asians are not very aware of this because unlike in the West where people tend to express their problems in public in Asia they tend to hide it, if no one says anything then there is no problem or at least that is the thought, but someone must tell them their truths and if the Asians or the Chinese are silent then from the outside we must tell them their problems
1
100% Mexican = Amerindian
1
If we talk about phenotypes, the darkest whites are the Sardinians from Italy and the Greeks, we must also ask ourselves what exactly is white? The Spanish have North African and Jewish ancestry, the Jews have ancestry from farmers from the Levant who are populations from the Middle East, on the other hand the Canarians and the people of Galicia have between 25% and 11% North African DNA.
1
The Amerindians or popularly known as Native Americans, are a human group that lives from Canada to the tip of Chile, originated in Asia 20 thousand years ago, but evolved in Beringia and the Americas, 5000 years ago another human group arrived from Siberia more related to the current Siberians, known as the Inuit. The Amerindians sharing Beringian ancestry are similar to each other but not necessarily the same, there are variations, the physical characteristics of the Amerindians are similar to the Indigenous people of Southeast Asia, but they have some characteristics of Oceanic peoples such as the Australian Indigenous, such as their jaws and superciliary arches, and some Caucasoid characteristics (European / Middle East), such as a larger and elongated nose, and more sunken eyes, they are brown skinned and short on average.
1
The first Europeans to arrive in the Americas were the Spanish, and with their arrival they brought viruses that killed most of the native population, however the Spanish married and had children with the survivors creating a new population, which is neither European nor Amerindian, it is Mestizo, which means it is approximately 50% and 50%. Currently the Mestizos are the genetic basis of the Hispanics / Latinos, however they also have a secondary component from Africa, coming from slavery. In the Caribbean the Amerindian ancestry almost completely disappeared, and was replaced by a population that is of EuroAfro ancestry and very little Amerindian DNA, unlike Latin America. In the North the population was also decimated by diseases, but apart from that, the survivors were expelled from their lands, in addition to a system of segregation, so Caucasian Americans have very little mixture and in general the little is of African origin.
1
The idea that Mexicans are Amerindians, although not correct, does make some sense. The populations of Southern Mexico are inhabited mainly by a population of Mayan (Amerindian) ancestry, which on average have 80% Amerindian, so they are not so genetically distant from the true Amerindians. After that, countries like Guatemala, Peru and Bolivia are the ones with the most Amerindian DNA in all of the Americas.
1
Yes it is true but Native Americans or Amerindians have a more complex history, they are actually 60% Ancient Northeast Asian and 40% Ancient Northern Eurasians. The ANE DNA is an ancestral component that is shared with European populations, Central Asia, South Asia and the Americas, East Asians do not have this mixture. Using a G25 ethnicity calculator to track shared ancestral DNA and genetic affinities, it gives us that Native Americans are 60% Korean, 30% Finnish and 10% Indigenous Australian, this result is not a real mixture, they are simply genetic affinities due to shared DNA, the Indigenous Australian DNA is possibly basal DNA from East Asia.
1
On the other hand, the DNA of current Europeans is recent, the Hunter Gatherers of Europe were replaced by the Farmer populations of Anatolia and the peoples of the Western Steppes, that is why only between 15% and 30% of the DNA belongs to the Mesolithic, and if we go even further into the past, the Hunter Gatherers themselves like Villabruna are the result of the expansion of the Gravettians who replaced the Aurignatian, the Aurignatian or ancient Europeans had a strong affinity towards the extreme south of Asia and Oceania, being phenotypically possibly more similar to the Indians.
1
Goyet lived 36 thousand years ago, belonged to the Aurignatian culture, according to G25 data they are molded as 62% Baltic and 38% Onge (extreme south of Asia/Oceania), the reason why Baltic comes out is because they have the largest amount of European Hunter Gatherer DNA with 30%, however the Onge component may be the result of an early separation from the Eurasians, today the Native Americans themselves have 10% Oceanic DNA.
1
Studies reveal that the Spanish have between 0% North African DNA and 11% North African DNA in the Iberian Peninsula, the people of Galicia have the highest percentage, also the people of Galicia have the highest amount of DNA of Celtic origin, which explains why they are blond and red-haired compared to other parts of the Iberian Peninsula, outside the Iberian Peninsula, in the Canary Islands the Spanish have 25% North African DNA. In general, the Spanish derive most of their ancestry from agricultural peoples from Anatolia (ancient Greeks and Turks), to a lesser extent from hunter-gatherers and peoples of the Steppes (Southern Russia and Ukraine. All the peoples of the Mediterranean including the Middle East and the coasts of North Africa have large amounts of Anatolian DNA, which explains why they are similar to them phenotypically, although they are not the same.
1
North African ancestry has several origins from different times, the commercial and cultural exchange between Andalusia and North Africa for thousands of years, two waves of immigration from North Africa and the conquest of the Moors. The Spanish also have a mixture with Sephardic Jewish peoples who are a mixture of Middle Eastern farmers with Southern Europeans, today due to that, a large part of Latinos have between 1% and 5% of autosomal DNA of Jewish origin.
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@PhanTasmGoriA Hebilbergensis predates the Neanderthals and lived in Africa. The Khoisan are a human group independent of the West Africans, these Khoisan present deep genetic connections between the first Eurasians
1
Africans have an average of 0.3% Neanderthal DNA, this is due to a Eurasian population returning to Africa 40 thousand years ago from the Arabian Peninsula. All Eurasians have Neanderthal DNA including Native Americans and the populations of Oceania, South Asia has the highest frequencies of Neanderthal DNA, followed by East Asians and in third place Northern Europe, however the humans with the highest affinity genetics are the populations of Oceania, this is largely due to their 5% Denisovan DNA, which is a DNA very similar to Neanderthal DNA, but they also carry 3% Neanderthal DNA.
1
@JohnK.-cj2nq The African Ancestors mixed 90,000 years ago with the Neanderthals, their descendants were called Basal Eurasians, they lived in the Iranian Plateau and the North of the Arabian Peninsula, the Basals migrated to East Asia where the Denisovan population was almost extinct, but survived in small populations. We know this because the amount of remains is low, very low. These Basal Eurasians absorbed genes from the Neanderthals & Denisovan Hybrids, and from the pure Denisovan groups, the first individual found with their DNA is Tianyuan Man in China, their DNA shows affinity to all modern Eastern Eurasians, but closer to the Melanesians and Indigenous Australians, their K2 lineage mutated into NO, and NO mutated to O 36,000 years ago, O spread throughout Asia and displaced or diluted the DNA of the Ancient Homo Sapiens who lived in Asia, only surviving as groups isolated in the Southeast and Oceania.
1
@JohnK.-cj2nq Average Denisovan DNA in East Asians (which includes Southeast Asians) is 0.2%, Tibetans and populations from the extreme South of Asia, such as the Aeta, Indigenous Australians, Melanesians are those who possess 5 % Denisovan DNA. The population of East Asia has 4% Neanderthal DNA, the populations of Southeast and South Asia have 6%, but some ethnic groups in the Southeast have 8%, an individual with 9% Neanderthal DNA was found in Cambodia, it represents the world record until now.
1
The Eastern Eurasians have more Neanderthal genes, the humans with the most genetic affinity are the Southeast Asians.
1
Europeans only have on average 2%, but it varies depending on the individual, some have only 1.3% while others can reach up to 5%. If we talk about averages we can see that the highest frequencies of Neanderthal DNA are found in South Asia 8%, in second place East Asia 4% and in third place Northern Europe with 3%. If the European average is 2%, the Asian average is 4%.
1
Modern phenotypic characteristics did not arise because we mixed with Neanderthals, they emerged long after Neanderthal mixing. Among the genetic poles we can divide it into 4, Khoisan (Indigenous of Southern Africa), Nigerian (West African), Baltic (European), South Korean (East Asian), each one represents a pole or a genetic extreme, if we go By genetic distance, the Khoisan and the Amerindians of South America represent the two most different groups that exist in the human species.
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The first Caucasoid is Sunghir 1 (Cro-Magnon) which is 39,000 years old, its DNA corresponds to living Europeans and Middle Eastern populations.
1
@aghilesshosni You are Western Eurasian, you group with the same group of populations from the Middle East, Europe and even South Asia like Pakistan and North India. Genetically, the Amazing is closer to Indigenous populations from the South of the Arabian Peninsula, but also with ancestral connections to Northeast Africa, more specifically with the Cushites.
1
@aghilesshosni The Amazingh have 30% Iberomursian (Ancient North African) DNA, the genetic composition of the Iberomursians is 66% Basal Eurasian, the Natufians of the Middle East 50% Basal Eurasian, and Dzudzuana of Western Asia 28% Basal Eurasian. The Iberomursians mixed with later waves of immigration from Anatolia, the Middle East and even Southern Europe, to form the DNA of the current Amazingh.
1
@aghilesshosni Yes that's how it is
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@Normalman777q Asia in general and Oceania, are Neanderthals and Denisovans, but Denisovans are genetically very similar to Neanderthals, so if you take DNA samples and compare it with Neanderthals you will observe that the populations of South Asia and Oceania have more affinity with the Neanderthals, for that we have to discriminate the Denisovan DNA, as a result we have an average of 4%. South Asia, followed by East Asia, scores highest and Northern Europe comes in third.
1
@Normalman777q The branch that gave rise to Homo Sapiens and the Neanderthals/Denisovanos separated 500 thousand years ago, then in Eurasia the branch that separated again 300 thousand years ago, however between 100 thousand and 150 thousand years ago, the Denisovans and the Neanderthals mixed with each other again, Neanderthal DNA was influenced by Denisovans less frequently, but Neanderthal DNA influenced Denisovans significantly more. The Denisovans also mixed with the Late Homo Erectus.
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@Normalman777q No, I discriminated against him. The Eastern Basal Eurasians were the first humans to arrive in Asia, they are still alive today and are represented by Onge in South Asia, the Andaman Islands, analyzes found 2% Neanderthal DNA and 0% Denisovan DNA , the Onge phenotype is similar to that. of indigenous Australians and Melanesians. The ancient DNA of the Eastern Basal Man or Tianyuan, found in China 42 thousand years ago, reveals that he has 6% Neanderthal DNA and 0% Denisovan DNA, his Autosomal DNA is very similar to that of Onge, this indicates that, mix with the Denisovans It is more recent.
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In reality, Eastern Eurasians have more genetic affinity towards Neanderthals, especially the populations of Southeast Asia with 6% of DNA of Non-African origin, Europeans have 2% of DNA of non-African or Neanderthal origin.
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If we know anything, they had prevalence of Austism in its most extreme state, due to a gene variant of the Nova1 gene. They had connections from the more developed Western Area, which implied greater geospatial capacity, but a lower community in regions related to language.
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@pandamanalgeria Computational models tell us that ancient Homo sapiens from Africa migrated in at least two waves. This group of Homo Sapiens had a strong bottleneck, so we would be talking about a few hundred to thousands of people who settled in the Levant, these populations expanded from the Levant dramatically 60,000 years ago and displaced the others Homids.
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It already had gene variants inherited from Africa, variants from the Neanderthals were simply introduced
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The first anatomically modern humans in Europe were different from the current Western Eurasians, Slatý Kun, OASE 1 and Bachi Kiro, OASE1 and Bachi Kiro were genetically closer to the Eastern Basals, such as Tianyuan Man in China, or Onge in the Andaman Islands, then Slatý Kun seems to be a highly divergent lineage although closer to the Eastern Basal than to the European or Middle Eastern, later other populations appeared such as Goyet that shows 65% Western Eurasian DNA and 35% Eastern Basal, and with The arrival of Gravettians 30 thousand years ago, they became 100 Western Eurasians. The core of the Western Eurasians appears to be Dzudzuana in the Caucasus as it is very similar to Pinarbasi (Caucasian Hunter Gatherers).
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@empemitheos OASE1 and Bachi Kiro have ambiguous characteristics between Asians and Africans, more similar to Onge, but did not have a Western Eurasian appearance, they were the Gravettians from 30 thousand years ago, in fact the first was in Russia with Kostenki 14 39 thousand years ago, but in At that time, populations like Goyet lived in Europe, which had 35% Eastern Basal. The DNA of Western Eurasians is measurable.
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@empemitheos The Dzudzuana who lived in the Caucasus 25 thousand years ago were 60% Gravetian and 28% from a deep ancestral component called "basal Eurasian". This component is more frequent in ancient populations of the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa, the Natufians had 50% and the Iberomursians of North Africa 66%, today Europeans have only 17% of this component, but Qataris have double 35%.
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@empemitheos The genetic history of Europe appears to be a history of replacement of populations, originating mainly from the Middle East or Western Asia, in multiple waves. The European culture was Aurignacian had C1a1 lineages and 35% Basal DNA similar to Onge, 30 thousand years ago, but mixed with the Gravettians who were carriers of Haplogroup I related to the Middle East, this gave rise to the Epigravettians, but these Epigravetians They mixed again with another population from Anatolia, giving rise to Villabruna (Western Hunter Gatherers), 8 thousand years ago the Anatolian Farmers entered Europe, and 6 thousand years ago from Russia the Yamnaya of the Pontic Steppe, the mixture between WHG , Anatilio and the Pontic Steppe, gave rise to today's Europeans.
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@empemitheos Phenotypically the Gravettians (30 thousand years) would have seemed more like the Indians, and the Aurignatian (30 thousand years) would have a combination between a European and an Australian Indigenous, on the other hand Villabruna (14 thousand years) would have resembled the current Mediterraneans
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The branch of Homo Sapiens and the Neanderthals/Denisovans separated 500 thousand years ago, from the African continent itself, in Eurasia the branch separated again 300 thousand years ago, giving rise to the Neanderthals and the Denisovans. If we talk about the quantity of Neanderthal DNA, the Asians and the populations of Oceania have more Neanderthal DNA, in fact the populations of Oceania are the ones that have the most genetic affinity, although they have more Denisovan admixture.
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@joebidet2050 Of course they evolved in Eurasia, but they also have an ancestor from Africa
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0,3% in Africa
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@pandamanalgeria It's possible, but we don't have his DNA, so we can only speculate.
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Neanderthals had alleles related to light skin, blue eyes and red hair, however these Neanderthals became extinct 40 thousand years ago, and were replaced by populations with dark brown skin, light skin re-emerged in Western Asia & the Middle East ago. 25 thousand years with Dzudzuana. The genes that caused light skin in Neanderthals are different from those in living Europeans, indicating that light skin evolved independently.
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@Tate525 Europeans and Middle Eastern populations have genes like SLC24A5, SLC24A2, MATP, TYR, KIGT, ASIP, BNC2, East Asians have MC1R, KITG, ASIP, POU2F3, HYAL2 . Each gene causes some degree of skin tone, but they have different effects, some make you more likely to tan, others not, some like HYAL2 make your fair skin resistant to the stress of ultraviolet rays. Eurasians usually have various combinations at different frequencies of these genes. Neanderthals had MC1R, BNC2, POU2F3, HYAL2, KIGT East Asians inherited 70% of the skin gene variants from Neanderthals, but Europeans inherited BNC2 from Neanderthals.
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@Tate525 The main gene of the Neanderthals was MC1R and of the Western Eurasians it is SLC24A5, that of the Asians is the MC1R and KIGT gene. The light skin alleles were already present in all Eurasians, after the extinction of the Neanderthals, but their phenotypic expression was dark brown, because they had not yet eliminated the dark skin genes, the first individual is Dzudzuana to possess the SLC24A5 gene, the main gene for light skin in Western Eurasians, Dzudzuana is an individual from the Caucasus (Western Asia), Dzudzuana not only contributed to the alleles, but contributed to most of the DNA of Western Eurasians, this was closely related with Pinarbasi (Ancient Anatolian), Natufians (Ancient Middle East) and Iberomursians (Ancient North African).
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@Tate525 Slatý Kun, OASE Bachi Kiro, were the first Europeans, their DNA was Eastern Basal, similar to the extreme South of Asia and Oceania, their phenotype was more similar to the Indigenous people of the Indian Subcontinent, they had dark skin, and curly hair, but somewhat Interestingly, they had the Herc2 gene, a gene associated with light eyes. However, this European population continued to change or would be replaced. 39 thousand years ago, Kostenki 14 emerged in Russia. Their DNA is a combination of Baltic and Northeast with South Asia. Their DNA was already Western Eurasian. They also had dark brown skin. 36 thousand emerges Goyet had 62% Western Eurasian DNA and 38% Eastern Basal, a combination between the extreme North and Oceania (Onge, Indigenous Australians, Melanesians). 30 thousand years ago, Gravettians emerged, 100% Western Eurasian, with dark brown skin and wavy to curly hair, 25 thousand years ago in Western Asia, light skin emerged with Dzudzuana, 14 thousand years ago Villabruna emerged (ancestor of the Mesolithic Hunter Gatherers), 8000 years ago the Anatolians brought agriculture and introduced the SLC24A5 gene, 6000 years ago people of the Russian Steppe brought the Indo-European languages
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@Tate525 Today, East Asia has an average of 4% Neanderthal DNA and Europe 2%. If we talk by region, South Asia would have the largest amount of Autosomal Neanderthal DNA, in second place East Asia and in third place North Europe
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BNC2 is the Neanderthal gene that codes for light skin in Europeans and is present in 50% of the European population, the other 50% lack this gene, the main gene that codes for light skin in Western Eurasians (Europeans and Middle East) is the SLC24A5 gene that is present in all Western Eurasians. The Neanderthals were not homogeneous, in the last 100 thousand years before their extinction, there were three types of Neanderthals, the Western Neanderthals (most of Europe), the Eastern Neanderthals (Southern Europe and the Middle East), the Siberian Neanderthals ( Central Asia and Siberia), Neanderthals, like humans, varied in skin tones, from light skin and red hair to brown skin and dark hair, Neanderthals from the Middle East had browner skin tones due to a higher frequency of ultraviolet rays , but even Neanderthals in Europe varied, in Atapuerca (Spain), we found Neanderthals with different skin tones in the last 400 thousand years, we observed changes from browner skin and dark hair, to lighter skinned and red-haired versions.
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It is not distinctive, Asians possess the highest levels of Neanderthal DNA, followed by Europeans, it would actually be a Eurasian marker, however Sub-Saharan Africans also possess 0.3% Neanderthal DNA, due to the Eurasians returning to Sub-Saharan Africa.
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The lineage of the Superior Apes, 7 million ago, had a common ancestor with Chimpanzees and modern Humans, this lineage separated, giving rise to the Australopithecus, these gave rise to different species of Australopithecus, a lineage of them separated 2 years ago .5 million years ago, the rest of the Autralopithecus became extinct, this lineage gave rise to Homo Habilis, the first to have a hand similar to ours, but with a slightly larger brain than a chimpanzee, these gave rise to Homo Ergaster 1.8 million years ago, and Homo Ergaster gave rise to Homo Erectus, Homo Erectus was the first to leave Africa. The Homo Ergaster who stayed in Africa evolved into Homo Hebilbergensis 600 thousand years ago, the Homo Hebilbergensis left Africa again 500 thousand years ago, those who stayed gave rise to Homo Sapiens 200 thousand years ago, the Homo Hebilbergensis who left Africa Eurasia evolved into Neanderthals and Denisovans, 300 thousand years ago, the Erectus became extinct and were replaced by the Denisovans, 60 thousand years ago the Homo Sapiens left Africa and replaced the Neanderthals and the Denisovans.
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Only West Africans have this phantom mixture, and only the Yoruba have 19%, Africans from the Horn or Southern Africa do not have this mixture. The humans with the most Neanderthal DNA are Asians. The "purest" Homo Sapiens are the Khoisan or indigenous South Africans, they separated from the Human Branch 150 thousand years ago, many think they are Black, but in reality they perish to their own genetic group.
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Homo Sapiens were already technologically more advanced than Neanderthals, since they used arrows, Neanderthals fought hand-to-hand or threw stones with their hands from a long distance. Neanderthals lived in small groups of 30 individuals, Homo Sapiens lived in groups of 100 to 150 individuals.
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This applies when the population mixes for several generations with a population with 0% Neanderthal DNA. All Eurasians have Neanderthal DNA, including the populations of Oceania and Native South Americans, with an average of 2%. If an individual from Europe has children with an Indian, and both have 2% Neanderthal DNA, the child will still have 2% of Neanderthal DNA.
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@jimferry6539 An ancestral population called Basal Eurasian, was the ancestors of all Eurasians, this ancestral population had 2% Neanderthal DNA, lived in the Middle East, possibly on the Iranian Plateau, this population 45 thousand to 60 thousand years ago expanded throughout Eurasia became the ancestor of Europeans, Asians, Oceanians and Native Americans.
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@jimferry6539 Europeans and Andamanese have on average 2% Neanderthal DNA, the Andamanese are from the extreme South of Asia, which indicates a shared ancestry.
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@iraniandude2899 If we talk about skin color genes, Eastern Eurasians derive most of their origin from Neanderthals, the main gene of Asians is MC1R, a gene that is also present in Neanderthals, but this is because Asians also mixed with The Denisovans, a sister group of the Neanderthals, the main gene of modern Eurasians is SLC24A5, the first individual with this gene is Dzudzuana, an ancient population of the Caucasus, lived 28,000 years ago.
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There is no evidence that Neanderthals were less aggressive than Homo Sapiens, in fact both were extremely aggressive. Thanks to Archaeological studies and more recently genetic analysis we are beginning to understand much of their behavior.
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Neanderthals, like Homo Sapiens, were very intelligent, but they had a different type of intelligence, it was more geospatial, they also suffered from autism, in their case this would be normal, on the other hand, Homo Sapiens were more linguistic, Neanderthals. They lived in groups of 30 and Homo Sapiens in groups of 100 to 150 individuals. Neanderthals had fierce battles among themselves. They killed other Neanderthals by throwing stones at them and crushing their skulls with stones. Homo Sapiens technologically surpassed Neanderthals and used arrows. to kill at greater distances, compared to the Neanderthals who did not have arrows, Homo Sapiens after killing the Neanderthals practiced a ritual where they carefully cut the flesh of the Neanderthals, to eat them, the Neanderthals remained very isolated from each other, and They practiced incest, the Neanderthals Men had sexual relations with their daughters, incest caused the last Neanderthals to appear with multiple diseases and genetic deformities. Neanderthals became extinct 40 thousand years ago, outnumbered and outnumbered, both were aggressive, but there was a difference, the sapiens were more sophisticated when it came to killing, due to their arrows.
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If we talk about amounts of Neanderthal DNA, South Asia has the highest frequencies, followed by East Asia and thirdly Northern Europe, the average in East Asia is 4% and Europe 2%, however humans living with the most genetic affinity are the populations of Oceania, Indigenous Australians, Papuans, Melanesians, Ayta of the Philippines, this is because they have large amounts of Denisovan DNA, Denisovan DNA is very similar to Neanderthal, Indigenous Australians have 5% of Denisovan DNA and 3% Neanderthal DNA, which makes them the living humans with the most DNA of "NonAfrican" origin, with more affinity to Neanderthals
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Neanderthals had light skin alleles but current Whites have little genetic relationship with them, populations from Asia and Oceania are more genetically related.
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@PhanTasmGoriA Only the Yoruba possess 19%, and only West Africans such as the Batus possess this mixture outside of West Africa, as they originated in West Africa. The "purest" Homo Sapiens are the Khoisan.
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@PhanTasmGoriA There are 4 genetic poles, Khoisan "South African indigenous, they are a completely independent race from the Sub-Saharans", Yoruba "Sub-Saharan African", Baltic "Western Eurasian", Korean "Eastern Eurasian"
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No, Asians have the highest levels of Neanderthal DNA, it is a genome that all Eurasians inherited, although Africans also have it in very small amounts of 0.3%.
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Because the Neanderthals hardly contributed to the genome of the Europeans, the Neanderthals had a different bone structure, the Eurasians inherited the bone structure of the Africans and not of the Neanderthals.
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@iraniandude2899 The phenotype of the Neanderthals does not correspond to the Western Eurasian phenotype, it is not even close, the Western Eurasian skull is much more graceful and globular, with a flat face, either, the phenotype is highly divergent, the only thing they had in common, they are the nasal passages and this can be mediated, the gene that causes it is AFT3 responsible for nerve regeneration, the nasal passages, and the straight nose, this gene is found in all Eurasians, but it is in low frequency in Sub-Saharans. The closest skull to Neanderthals are the skulls of early Homo Sapiens, such as Jebel Irhoud (Morocco) and Homo Sapiens Idaltus (Ethiopia), in neither case did they have the nostrils of Neanderthals but they had characteristics shared with Neanderthals such as the elongated skull and a more robust cranium, the skull of Homo Sapiens Idaltus just by looking at it reminds us of a Neanderthal skull, but without the fossa so characteristic of Neanderthals (AFT3). Today's Sub-Saharan Africans are more divergent but have slightly more elongated skulls than Eurasians, although not as long as a Neanderthal.
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Not exactly, the light skin genes of European Neanderthals have a different genetic combination than modern Europeans. Neanderthals had a gene combination of MC1R, BNC2, POU2F3, HYAL2, modern Europeans and Middle Eastern populations have a gene combination of SLC24A5, SLC24A2, MATP, TYR, KIGT, ASIP, BNC2. East Asians possess a combination of genes from MC1R, KITG, ASIP, POU2F3, HYAL2. A variant of MC1R produces red hair in Europeans and but East Asians have another Variant, the Europeans inherited from the Neanderthals BNC2, the East Asians POU2F3 and HYAL2.
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Genetic difference and morphology, the Neanderthals had a completely different bone structure than the Eurasians, with robust, heavy skeletons and short limbs, the Eurasians have lighter, more fragile skeletons and long limbs, these light skeletons emerged 150 thousand years earlier in Africa, and They arrived in Eurasia through immigration. The heavy skeletons were quickly replaced by these light skeletons. If we are guided by genetic distance, Eurasians are 10 times closer to Subsaharans than to Neanderthals.
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No, as far as we know about the behavior of Neanderthals, they were just as aggressive as Homo Sapiens, with the difference that Homo Sapiens was more sophisticated, Neanderthals had hand-to-hand combat or used stones to kill, throwing them into the head, the Sapiens upon arriving in Europe married the Neanderthals with arrows.
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Light skin is the result of high frequencies of genes related to light skin, dark skin is the result of high frequencies of genes related to melanin production and low frequency of light skin genes, brown skin is the result of high frequencies of melanin genes with high frequencies of genes related to light skin. Sub-Saharan Africans have high frequencies of melanin genes, but they also have light skin genes but at low frequencies, light skin Eurasians also have dark skin genes, just at low frequencies.
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