Youtube comments of (@Drachinifel).

  1. This was supposed to be Wednesdays upload, I misclicked the date of release!
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  2. Pinned post for Q&A :) - For those wondering why this is in two parts, basically there is only so much human tragedy I can take in a researching a given script and the salvaging of the Pearl Harbour ships is a long and harrowing account on that front.
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  3. Pinned post for Q&A from His Most Holy Inquisition
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  4. It's a fun bomb test document to read 😀
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  6. I'll take a correction from people who live in the US gladly :) Albeit in my defense from what I could tell in my research the 1920's/30's era Mid-West USA still had relatively less mechanization than the more populous states?
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  7. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  8. The good Captain emailed me to talk about another video I'd done, I asked if he wouldn't mind an interview, he said yes :)
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  9. Pinned post for Q&A :) Justin has written a small annotated bibliography to go along with this video: Before I start, I must again thank QAZ, Trent Telenko, and Military Aviation History for their assistance with this video. Trent provided a great deal of information on aircraft radios, HF static, and American early warning systems on Guadalcanal. Military Aviation History double-checked my non-Japanese aircraft information. QAZ backed up my poor Japanese language skills and provided me with additional source material that is not otherwise available in English. Please note this annotated bibliography is not meant to be exhaustive, not even close. Rather, I have chosen to highlight a few works that together serve as a good introduction to the Zero. Unfortunately, there isn't a single book I can point to that is THE reference on the Zero. Instead there are a multitude of works, each with strengths and weaknesses. Dunn, Richard L. Exploding Fuel Tanks: Saga of Technology that Changed the Course of the Pacific Air War. 2011. This is the only history of the Pacific War focused on aircraft protection. It is eye-opening to say the least, given the amount of gross oversimplification and mythmaking around the subject. Dunn, Richard L. ZERO-SEN Model 21 Performance: Unraveling Conflicting Data. http://www.j-aircraft.com/research/rdunn/zeroperformance/zero_performance.htm. Accessed February 2, 2020. This is a great article that discusses some of the conflicting data around the A6M2 (Model 21)’s top speed. At the very least, it conclusively throws out several low-end figures, such as that in Mikesh’s book. As an aside, J-aircraft and its forum are an excellent resource generally. Francillon, René J. Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War. 2nd ed. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1979. This is still the best single-volume reference book on Japanese aircraft of the Pacific War in English. However, it is now quite old and not without its fair share of errors. The Zero chapter still serves as a good introduction to the aircraft. Goodwin, Mike and Peter Starkings. Japanese Aero-Engines, 1910-1945. MMP Books, 2017. This is the best single-volume reference on Japanese aero-engines available in English. Naturally, there is a great deal of information related to the engines that powered the various models of the Zero. Horikoshi, Jiro. Eagles of Mitsubishi: The Story of the Zero Fighter. Trans. Shojiro Shindo and Harold N. Wantiez. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1981. This book was written by the lead designer of the Zero and is an absolute must-read. It provides a lot of insight into the design of the Zero in particular, but very little on tactics or operations. Lundstrom, John B. The First Team: Pacific Naval Air Combat from Pearl Harbor to Midway. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1990. This book is a masterpiece. One of the best air power and naval histories ever written. Even over three decades later, The First Team’s central focus (naval air combat) is unsurpassed. Lundstrom’s attention to detail, knowledge of aviation, and use of Japanese as well as English sources set it apart. It is without a doubt one of the best books to read to gain a real understanding of how the Zero fought, and how its opponents fought back. Lundstrom, John B. The First Team and the Guadalcanal Campaign: Naval Fighter Combat from August to November 1942. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2005. The second volume of Lundstrom’s The First Team series. All of my praise carries over to this work. This picks up in the aftermath of the Battle of Midway, when the air and naval war in the Pacific enters what in my view is the most interesting period: the period of balance (roughly July 1942 through December 1943). Mikesh, Robert C. Zero: Combat & Development History of Japan’s Legendary Mitsubishi A6M Zero Fighter. Motorbooks International, 1994. I have seen parts of this book and it looks excellent. However, I haven’t read it cover-to-cover yet as it is out-of-print and I only recently ordered a used copy. Mikesh was one of the best historians of Imperial Japanese aviation writing in English. Millman, Nicholas. Aircraft of the Aces 137: A6M Zero-Sen Aces, 1940-42. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2019. Nicholas Millman is an excellent historian of Imperial Japanese aviation and his brand-new and brief introduction to the first two years of the Zero’s service is handy. Peattie, Mark R. Sunburst: The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power, 1909-1941. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2001. Mark Peattie’s excellent history of the development of Japanese naval aviation is a must-read. I harped on a lot about context in my video, and this book provides a good amount of it. If I have to state a criticism, his grasp of the finer points of aviation technology is weak in parts. This book is at its best when dealing with the broader points rather than technical minutiae. Ruffato, Luca and Michael J. Claringbould. Eagles of the Southern Sky: The Tainan Air Group in WWII. 1 vol. Ed. Lawrence Hickey and others. Tainan Research & Publishing, 2012. This is the most detailed history of a Japanese fighter unit currently available in English, making extensive use of both Japanese and English sources. Sakai, Saburo, Martin Caidin and Fred Saito. Samurai! Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1991. While there is a plethora of first-hand accounts from Japanese fighter pilots in Japanese, there is shockingly little available in English. That makes Sakai’s memoir a must-read for those looking for a pilot’s-eye view. However, as with any memoir, one must not accept everything within at face value. Sakai, as with all fighter pilots, overclaimed significantly (which makes it into his memoir) and many dates and critical details are factually incorrect. The hand of Caidin also must be noted, as he was heavily involved in the writing of Samurai! There are some events that appear to have been added by Caidin for this English language work that are entirely fictional. Tagaya, Osamu. Imperial Japanese Naval Aviator, 1937-45. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2003. Tagaya is one of the best historians of Imperial Japanese aviation writing in English. This book is an excellent summary of Japanese Navy aircrew training.
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  10. Technically the Habbakuk ice carriers would be treaty-compliant :p
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  11. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  12. Oh if I did an episode on the Titan incident it would be about an hour of engineer cursing before I calmed down :D
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  13. Pinned post for Q&A :) EDIT: At 00:29:29 that's supposed to be 'Ark Royal' not 'Royal Oak'!
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  17.  @catfish552  This, and having been reading and learning about naval history pretty much since I could walk :)
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  18. Pinned post for Q&A :) EDIT: Apologies for the frame shudder on pauses, this was not evident in the video editing software.
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  19. Pinned post for Q&A :) EDIT: With regards to the '7 out of 8 battleships' line, I meant to say "had built and available" as Missouri and Wisconsin were still on shake-down at the time, but I screwed up actually saying the line, apologies!
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  20. Who says Decatur won't have his own video at some point? :D
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  23. I bought the entire force from both sides and got them painted to provide illustrative pictures :)
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  26. Pinned post for giveaway
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  27. Pinned post for Q&A :) "In the day when the waters had well-nigh overwhelmed us, our brother here departed, apprehending the creative power in man, set himself to the task to conquer the malice of the enemy. In our hour of need he was the doughty protector of them that sailed the seas on our behalf. His heart and his mind extended and expanded to the utmost tiring of the body even unto death; that he might discover and operate means of saving ships from the treacherous foes. Truly many, very many, were saved because he was not disobedient to his vision. Victory has been won and should be won by such as he. May there never be wanting in this realm a succession of men of like spirit in discipline, imagination and valour, humble and unafraid. Not dust, nor the light weight of a stone, but all the sea of the Western Approaches shall be his tomb." -Admiral Max Horton at the funeral service of Captain Walker
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  28. Pinned post for Q&A :) EDIT - Model has been claimed!
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  29. Fiction has to make sense, reality rarely does :)
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  30. Don't forget the bow ornamentation!
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  31. Just a quick note, thankful shout-out to the community who provided the voice of Admiral Scheer! EDIT: Additionally, as a few have pointed out, the Dutch coast was NOT occupied in WW1, this came about from a transcription error in my notes as we had designated the Dutch coast 'hostile' for the purposes of denoting that ships that went ashore were not recoverable, but the shorthand used made me think for some reason that meant 'occupied' when recording.
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  32. Don't tell Stalin that!
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  33. Pinned post for Q&A :) EDIT 2 - Here is a 1080p version which doesn't have the visual issues - https://youtu.be/RSA4UE1FNm0 I don't know what's causing some of the odd image overlay issues in this version, they don't show on the rendered original video, something must've gone odd in the YT upload/processing process. :(
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  34. British understatement strikes again! :D
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  37. It is one of the most attractive AA mounts, and like an underappreciated amount of Italian tech in WW2, actually a pretty good weapon, just with a couple of significant issues that prevented it from reaching it's full potential.
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  38. Pinned post for Q&A :) EDIT: The thumbnail originally said 'George Harrison' in error, this has been corrected to 'John Harrison', I also once get the names mixed up in the video.
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  40. It'll get one eventually
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  41. In nomine Fletcher, et Tribal, et Spiritus Benson...
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  45. I'm completely happy to do a collab :)
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  46. Pinned post for Q&A :) NOTE: Yes, there is no intro today, some random Turkish company claims it has the copyright to a copyright-free track and refuses to release the claim, so for the moment I've had to edit out the intro. I have reached out to the hosts of the music track to see if they can resolve this, if not, then we'll have to have a competition for a new intro track.
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  47. Pinned post for Q&A :) - Check out The Operations Room, they made the animations which really helped this video out! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnZJt7yQw5IztVwe-Dscd-Q
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  50. I thought about it, but when you get well below 1,000 tons to a certain extent you can ruin a ship with one badly placed piece of kit.
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  51. This bears repeating, the single greatest flaw of the Plan assumed no-one else would change or expand their forces to account for it.
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  52. I guess YouTube decided to release a day early....
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  62. True, although the mk10 wasn't without its own issues :)
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  66. A lot of very confused people :)
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  69. Pinned post for Q&A :) Edit: Yes I said ww2 instead ofww1, sorry!
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  70.  @thehandoftheking3314  it's always so funny when people like that fall back on schoolboy level tactics instead of actually dealing with evidence.
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  71. Ironically, releasing this whilst standing in Heathrow Terminal 3 and rebooting a cab after the taxi company I prebooked with lost the booking!
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  72. Aircraft carriers were still in the future! :)
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  73. Post for 50k sub giveaway entry
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  74. Please ensure all Q&A questions are posted as replies to this post. :)
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  75. She'll get one eventually, but the Patreon vote also asked for her to get this months 5-minute picked slot :)
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  81. Pinned post for Q&A :) Edit: Yes for some reason I mixed up Baltic and Black Seas... :(
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  83. Pinned post for Q&A :) Also: "Hi Everyone, Justin here! It was once again an honour to appear on Drach's wonderful channel! I just wanted to provide some additional info that didn't make it into the final edit of the video (understandably, it was too much reading I think). List of sources in the video description." :)
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  88. There's a bit of a story there, one of our group is from South Carolina so we immediately voted him commander of 6th Battle Squadron. (key posts got their own commanders). When word of the battlecruiser fight reached the Grand Fleet 'Beatty' ordered the fleet to proceed to assist with all speed. The commander of 5th BS took the chance to use his ships greater speed to tear off asap, whereas in theory 6th BS should have been leading as they were the westernmost squadron. Cue our American friend ordering his own ships to full speed, then upon being told he wasn't as fast, he asked "could we go faster if we dumped everything we can physically throw overboard that isn't a gun, and run the engines as hard as they will go without exploding in the next few hours?" We did some quick checking and figured he could get an extra knot or two, and so off the Texas charged with the engines almost jumping off their mounts. :p I won't recount some of the colourful language he came out with once he was told he was I'm range of the HSF.😁
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  91.  @Jon.A.Scholt  just me, Mrs Death to keep me.fed and watered, and the mice to keep me company :D
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  92. Pinned post for Q&A :) Edit - Apologies for the post-war De Ruyter sneaking in there at 3:20
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  94. Raised in the dark, the safety of our mountain home
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  97.  @mbblat8415  Coles officially designed Captain in a private role independent of his RN rank or career. Else his superiors could simply have ordered him to stop. :)
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  98. Pinned post for Q&A :) (Re-uploaded due to audio/play issues with the first version)
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  100. That sounds like a substantial undertaking, what games system did you use? :)
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  104. I think there needs to be a line drawn between Britain as a nation and the squadron as an entity. As a whole, Britain gained economically a lot more from slavery before 1807 than it spent afterwards ending it. However, that doesn't change the fact that for the men of the Royal Navy, who had nothing to do with slavery and mostly personally hated it, the effort involved was still at significant personal risk and cost both for men as individuals and the service as a whole.
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  108. Pinned post for Q&A :) Head to http://brilliant.org/Drachinifel/ to get started for free with Brilliant s interactive lessons. The first 200 people will also get 20% off an annual membership.
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  109. Got a bunch of that period armoured cruisers coming up soon, but pre dreads will also be coming eventually 😀
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  110. Pinned post for Q&A :) NOTE: This video was recorded shortly before the sad passing of HRH Prince Phillip, hence the reference to him in the present tense in one of the answers.
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  111. Pinned post for Q&A :) As noted in the video, some weird EM interference was going on above decks (and also happened aboard NJ on the other side of the river) but vanished once we were behind enough steel within the ship. Anyone familiar with the area got any ideas?
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  116. Well, it didn't die for the same reasons as the ones that blew up at Jutland did. It suffered a catastrophic explosion for entirely different reasons :p
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  117. With the conclusion of this series the Iowa guides have been placed in their own playlist as well as in the general battleship category.
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  121. selbstzerstörendesgroßeskriegsschiff? :D
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  126. It was the closest I could get to Mad Max's "Witness me!" :)
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  131. Table salt tastes of chemicals, Sea air tastes of proper salt :)
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  133. Pinned post for Q&A :) EDIT: Yes, it would seem I missed a few bits I wanted to edit out.... :(
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  140. Please ensure all Q&A questions are posted as replies to this post. :)
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  141. Pinned post for Q&A :) Edit: Apologies for saying "Lexington and Enterprise", that of course should've been "Lexington-class Saratoga and Enterprise" to point out Zuikaku faced both Lexingtons (and all 3 Yorktowns) at various points. I missed a bit of my own script!
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  144. Pinned post for Q&A :) (Also, I hope I came within shouting distance of saying the Spanish names correctly)
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  146. Well, patched together and limping into port for a full refit. :)
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  148. Working as intended then 😏
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  149.  @nenad8845  Massachusetts is bigger and has ice cream :D
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  150. Makes you wonder what the guys fixing up Prince of Wales thought when they found one of Bismarck's 15" shells fetched up deep in the ship :D
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  151.  @mxaxai9266  it's about the best image that gets across the idea of no longer being horizontal, as most times ships were rolling badly the crew weren't in a position to take photos :)
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  156. 04:03:52 - Battles where a dreadnought or later battleship engaged multiple enemies with different parts of its main battery at the same time? 04:06:19 - Aren't rudders supposed to go on the stern? 04:07:49 - Did the WW2 USN want to trade carriers? 04:15:20 - Early SUBSAFE program? 04:19:07 - What did the logistical arm of the Royal Canadian Navy during WW2 look like? 04:23:04 - 'Railings' around French destroyers turrets 04:26:28 - Broadside vs Central battery vs Casemate vs Turreted Ironclads. 04:32:53 - Was there a navy besides the late 19th century French Navy that tried to use tactics like the Jeune Ecole? 04:41:55 - How well defended was Gibralter in WW2? 04:44:51 - Specialised armoured transports for going into harms way? 04:53:30 - Propellor shaft alignments 04:56:54 - Unusual tech or reasons for AA defences 05:04:39 - Why the Foul Anchor symbol? 05:06:39 - What ship was best designed for its intended role, what ship was best designed for the actual role it was put in, and what ship was one of the worst designed for its intended role, 1880 onward? 05:11:53 - Would you consider that the Battle of Surigao Strait was basically the execution of the Kantai Kessen by Admiral Jesse Oldendorf? 05:14:02 - Post-WW2 fleets without legacy warships? 05:18:48 - How difficult was it for shipyards to transition from wooden ships to ironclads, and are there any examples shipyards getting it wrong? 05:22:45 - Most intersting 'road never followed'? 05:28:21 - Did anyone used WW1 submarines during WW2? 05:31:02 - Most underrated and overrated Destroyer Class of WW2? 05:38:18 - Best naval trolling not done by the RN 05:41:22 - "Explain Water?" 05:49:56 - Channel Admin & A Small Correction
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  157. The Georgia design is weird hybrid taking on of the early Montana sketches armament but appending it to an Iowa sketch ancestor hull.
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  159.  @John.0z  the Germans also used rocket assisted AP bombs during the war, the rocket-Tallboy was a little more improvised than that.
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  160. I can add it to the list, albeit even at around an hour it would be a whistlestop tour, the Russian Navy goes back a surprisingly long way. :)
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  164. Indeed, can't fight enemy with honour without honourable blade!
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  165. It's mostly because the US government in this period is so absolutely dysfunctional you have to laugh or cry. Say what you will about Congress these days but at least the pro-war people generally also vote for military budgets and vice-versa. It takes a special kind of stupid to advocate for both war AND not having a navy like Jefferson did. :D
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  169. We have to expand this to a full song!
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  170. 03:31:31 - What led to the development of the Type XXI boats by the Kriegsmarine in 1943? 03:37:20 - How did Allied ships evade Long Lance torpedoes, since they were often launched from tens of thousands of yards away and often at night? (Once they stopped underestimating them or denying their existence, of course.) 03:39:52 - Machine guns on British battlecruisers? 03:41:53 - Operation Downfall decoy fleet? 03:44:30 - Why did the IJN split into so many forces? 03:49:07 - How soon after Midway were the American carrier torpedo squadrons replaced with TBF/TBMs? Was there a time period where the carriers were without any torpedo squadrons whatsoever? 03:51:14 - Naval mental healthcare? 03:59:07 - Please can you give a brief explanation of how the Royal Navy assigned pennant numbers to its vessels 04:04:13 - War brides in WW2? 04:06:05 - How was U.S torpedo protection after WW1 and how did it improve? Looking at battleships in general. 04:11:54 - Times when penetrations of the armored citadel wasn't severe, but penetrations outside of it were serious or potentially fatal. 04:14:32 - In the lead up to WWII did the US let the IJN transit the Panama Canal and if so what was the last IJN ship to cross the Canal prior to the outbreak of war? 04:16:02 - Why no millitary hydrofoils in the 1930's? 04:20:16 - Who invented breaking the line of battle? 04:26:20 - In 1940, the German-Soviet commercial agreement provided the USSR with a lot of German Naval information, including the plans and blueprints for the Bismarcks, an incomplete Hipper class cruiser, and documentation about German naval tests. How much is of this information was passed on to the allies when relations between Germany and the USSR went sour in 41? 04:28:50 - Invergordon naval base 04:30:56 - Coal to oil infrastructure transition? 04:34:37 - Italian 15" AP penetration? 04:37:35 - Observers and enforcement of the naval treaties? 04:44:03 - Naval Boarding action 04:47:54 - How did they make ships waterproof? 04:50:41 - Did the British send any ships to reinforce Pearl Harbor immediately after the attack? If not how long did it take before significant British naval power deployed to work with the Americans? 04:53:15 - The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw massive technological advancements in regards to naval warfare. Could you give an example of a new technology from that period that seemed like a good idea on paper but turned out to be underwhelming in practice? 04:58:58 - How different were the Manila Galleons from their contemporaries? Did their difference in size, location of construction, or building materials lead to interesting engineering problems or important developments in naval architecture? 05:03:01 - No-casualty commerce raiders? 05:04:40 - After the battle of the Denmark Strait Bismarck could be argued to already have been mission killied due to beeing hit in the fuel bunkers. Did the commanding officers at the time see it that way and if yes, why didn't they break off the mission and sail back to Norway instead of trying to reach a french harbour? 05:08:08 - What technologies drove improvements between the small water tube boiler & turbine designs of the end of WW1/early 20's and the 40's high pressure machinery? 05:10:39 - French pre-dreadnought era cruisers? 05:15:20 - Head into the waves or away from them in a storm? 05:20:58 - With improvements in technology and release of official records over time, what naval mysteries, unknowns, or incomplete histories do you think might be explained in the next decades? 05:25:53 - Recalling that East Indiaman's would paint their hulls with fake gun ports to deter would be attackers. Would it make sense to build decoy warships from 1875 to 1915? 05:30:12 - Is there a plausible scenario where Germany can build her High Seas fleet without alienating the British? 05:36:33 - Was there anyone in Napoleon's Navy; even if they had died a few years before Trafalgar or were promoted to a high command rank a few years after Trafalgar, who you think could have been a real challenge for Admiral Nelson? 05:42:53 - Charges for AP and HE shells on the Iowa's? 05:46:31 - Why no crash-course fleet oiler program? 05:51:28 - Early torpedo development sources? 05:54:27 - What exactly was wrong with Japanese ASW efforts? 06:00:47 - Side-launching Avengers? 06:04:12 - What were Fisher's thoughts on the loss of the 3 battlecruisers at Jutland, the outcome of said battle, etc? 06:07:02 - During the time where the USS Enterprise was the only battle ready US aircraft carrier in the Pacific, how accurate was the phrase "Enterprise vs Japan"? 06:11:03 - High pressure boilers in Hiyo and Junyo? 06:16:20 - Would Bismarck stand a 50:50 of better chance against Rodney if she had her steering back? 06:21:12 - 2 gun vs twin gun turrets? 06:26:14 - Strategically, was it wise for the United States to mount the Guadalcanal invasion? 06:28:31 - WW2 amphibious operations improvements? 06:31:57 - Was Japan aware of the issues with the Mk14 torpedp? 06:33:50 - When do you fire the guns in an age of sail passing engagemant? 06:37:08 - How was USS Laffey (DD 742) able to survive multiple Kamikaze and bombs hits? 06:39:15 - Channel Admin / America Trip Schedule
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  176. Over time :)
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  178. Jackie Fisher started his career on a ship that wouldn't have looked out of place at Trafalgar, and ended it thinking about aircraft carriers and HMS Incomparable. :)
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  179. Would he be open to an interview?
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  180. That's for next year :)
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  182. Pinned post for Q&A 😀
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  183. Q&A questions here :)
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  184. Pinned post for Q&A :) Also, I have no idea why the channel admin section at the start isn't audible...
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  192. Another one for the endless list of special topics :)
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  193. 04:06:16 - Golf ball dimples on ships? 04:10:38 - Winston Churchill and the Navy 04:16:45 - Mers-el-Kebir and Somerville 04:25:12 - Versailles era Germany Navy 04:29:06 - Warship fuel consumption & acceleration 04:34:51 - Is it possible to stabilize and preserve a steel wreck in place? 04:39:30 - What is the biggest practical gun for shore defense in 1945? 04:44:37 - Twin or Single 5" on US DD's? 04:50:56 - Were stabilizers ever used on big guns? 04:52:13 - Submarine deck gun ammo supply 04:53:23 - How did age of sail tactics differ between the European naval superpowers? 04:58:20 - HMS Defence at Coronel? 05:04:14 - Getting access to museums 'builders models' 05:08:05 - Was their any combined submarine, surface or air doctrine or action? 05:11:16 - Did US sailers on British warships get rum rations or did they have to make due with torpedo juice? 05:12:53 - How would you rate the Italian Navy during its active part in WW2? 05:22:32 - Ships built from other ships etc 05:24:05 - Are secondary turrets barbettes and Achilles heel? 05:28:34 - What classes of ships were the biggest improvement over their previous ones? 05:30:48 - 'Ching' Lee, nickname and skills? 05:34:08 - 'Career Value' of warships? 05:37:48 - Flying boat dogfights 05:39:22 - What was it like for men in a turret when it took a hit? 05:42:22 - Von Spee's attack on the Falklands 05:48:31 - In what ways did the results achieved by the various naval elements supporting the 1944 Normandy landings exceed expectations, and in what ways did they fall short of expectations? 05:51:00 - Given the limitations of being based at Rosyth, what could Beatty have done differently to achieve better accuracy or rate of fire for his battlecruisers without compromising their flash protection or survivability as at Jutland? 05:53:42 - Why did cruiser design lag so far behind capital ships? 05:58:57 - Was there any difference of quality between coal used by navy ships and civilian ships? 06:01:15 - When does a sub-class turn into its own class? 06:04:35 - From WW1 to WW2, did secondary battery emplacements recieve names/designations like the main turrets did, and what were the schemes used to denote what they were? 06:06:28 - Was there every any designs for battleships where they put more rear turrets on the ship instead of the more usual turret placements? 06:09:13 - On the list of epic admirals of the dreadnought era, where does Willis Lee go? Who's in your top ten (and why)? 06:18:57 - What was the opinion of the Royal Navy on the Austrian Navy after their joint operations under Admiral Stopford against Mehemet Alis forces in the eastern Mediterranean in 1840? 06:21:05 - Iowa in place of Bismarck 06:29:26 - Channel Admin - New Posters
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  194. Many thanks, rum may have been involved in the making of this video :)
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  195. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  196. Pinned post for Q&A :) EDIT - I know there's a fair bit of discussion over what exactly is in this machinery space (diesel, electric or both), next time I'm up there I will take another look and let everyone know either way, if I'm wrong this time around I'll lead in with that 😀
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  199. Pinned post for Q&A :) Also, apologies for not knowing how a turbocharger actually works! This is why I stick to ships and not aircraft or land vehicles 😀
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  202. Pinned post for Q&A :) Check out The Shipyard: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCkYog1OMW5CzyvqirBQT2Mw/
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  203. My sarcasm applies to all countries equally. :)
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  206. I'm going to try and incorporate it into more videos going forward.
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  209. And survive :)
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  214. 04:01:24 - Terrors of the Seas 04:07:52 - Chances of impressement in 1813? 04:12:42 - Compared to their contemporaries and time period, what were the best or most capable ships put into service by each of the major navies? 04:17:44 - Japanese destroyers with the Long Lance 04:20:07 - How to train rangefinder operators? 04:24:03 - War-time builds vs Tribal class? 04:32:52 - Late era ironclad belt thicknesses 04:37:19 - National quirks in warship hold storage? 04:43:10 - How well did the inset mounting of the middle gun of the three gun turret in British light cruisers work out? 04:45:20 - Coal bunker fires 04:48:15 - Issues in the 19th century Royal Navy 04:54:10 - Value of prizes 04:58:47 - Are there any significant differences between field artillery and naval artillery? 05:04:22 - Was Erenhfel's a potential Hilfskreuzer? 05:07:55 - Was the loss of USS Block Island easily avoidable similar to HMS Courageous? 05:09:38 - How close was the Pom Poms v. Bofors race in the US Navy. Could it have won if a more compatible shell has been developed for US Navy service? 05:13:27 - Mk 23 shell lethality 05:15:05 - What was the most captured warship in recorded maritime history and how many different countries captured it throughout its career? 05:16:10 - All-forward gun cruiser? 05:17:17 - Was there ever large increases in drydocks or slipways to produce more ships during war or was it normally a build with what you've got situation 05:18:18 - How were violations of foreign/civilian law handled in the Age of Sail and the late 1800s? 05:20:38 - Cargo subs in WW2? 05:24:33 - Channel Admin - Travel Plans and mores
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  217. Time constraints unfortunately, as and when o get around to talking about carrier equipment they'll feature a fair bit
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  218. Maybe next year :)
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  221. No, I don't know what the outro is silent 😮
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  226. But how many parts were mysteriously left over? :)
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  228.  @Fitzwalrus06  I can direct you to the source files if you want :)
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  230. I tend to find that whilst there were decent men scattered across all branches of the Nazi war machine, the Kriegsmarine has a lot more officers like Langsdoff and Heye who went above and beyond.
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  232. We are actually pretty convinced that's the case. 5th BS went all-in on the charge and the tracks from the scenario that had this happen do have their tracks intersect with some of the K-class. Officially they're lost to 'unknown causes', but given history... EDIT: in the unused parts of some scenarios Warspite did get in a ram, when the HSF went full kamikaze Warspite took multiple hits and was probably going to go down in the next salvo or two, so it rammed Kronprinz with the aim to either stay afloat by being stuck together intake it down with it.
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  234. Sar Jim yes mostly a bit of fun but from what I'm given to understand parts of the interior are still contaminated, but the intervening water and steel form sufficient protection from the alpha and beta particles that divers aren't at risk unless they go into the interior of the wreck.
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  237. I'm reserving writing that script for a time when I am nice and calm and can survive the inevitable spikes in blood pressure.
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  238. Well, one out four badly wrong isn't too bad :D
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  240. I'm still waiting for the Portsmouth Historic Dockyard to get back to me :(
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  241. That'd the plan. Will gradually be retroactively putting them on older guides as well
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  243. The gun turret and barbette were designed for a much larger ship, putting it lower would've had it stick out the bottom :p On a more practical note, it also allowed for greater elevation and therefore range.
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  244. Direct quote from game #4 between 'von Reuter' and one of the 'signalman': "check targets at rear of line" "Visibility improved since time of last report. Indefatigable class, likely New Zealand, leading two larger vessels of unknown configuration, many shell splashes larger the 12" guns" "how many salvos fired and how many hits?" " (Describes efforts on other rearward BC's) Target New Zealand, 12 salvos fired, range established on salvo 4, hits registered, 0" "*$@* this, shoot at something that doesn't have divine protection" "Seydlitz will engage next target in line." :p
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  245. You'll see that in more detail later in the year :)
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  247. It'll come in a month or two :)
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  248. 03:02:46 - Over-penetration of shells in battle? 03:04:56 - Wood planking on dreadnoughts sides 03:07:49 - How effective was the U.S. Civil Air Patrol both to morale and combat effectivenes? 03:08:37 - Palliser conversion method for old guns 03:15:11 - Italian jet boats 03:17:44 - Why so many changing camo patterns in WW2? 03:20:38 - How did the four-stacker destroyers compare to their contemporaries? 03:23:14 - What did the Allies do when Engima wasn't broken? 03:26:38 - Intel and engineering contributions to the pre-WW1 naval arms race? 03:32:32 - Remote control torpedo bomber? 03:36:45 - Short notice harbour defence? 03:39:13 - Why did the Germans get the drop on the British at the Battle of Sept-Îles? 03:41:51 - How else could the Scharnhorsts be rearmed? 03:46:46 - In the Age of Sail, how did ships have a flame to light match cord, lanterns, and ovens? Did ships have a special perpetual flame lantern or did they just break out the flint and steel. 03:49:19 - Why was the USN the only nation to stick triple turrets on their treaty and ww2 heavy cruisers? Every other nation except japan seems to use 4 twin turrets. 03:54:44 - Why did late 19th century warships still carry solid shot? 03:59:48 - At it's height during the late American Civil War, how did the Union Navy compare to the traditional European naval powers? 04:07:33 - Late war dive vs torpedo bomber casualties? 04:12:34 - USS Montana and other cursed battleship names 04:17:13 - What was the first warship vs warship fight? 04:22:12 - What was the practical value of calling ships like South Dakota "code names" such as "Battleship X"? 04:24:58 - Which ship or ships have the biggest gulf between how effective/well designed they were and how much you like them? 04:28:52 - Do you believe that the minor refit and addition of the 40mm bofors to the USS Enterprise before the battle of Santa Cruz had any real effect in the battle or were they less effective due to being new systems and the crew still getting used to using them over the original Quad 1.1 inch mounts? 04:36:59 - Why were the Ironclads, well, Ironclads instead of Steelclads? 04:42:10 - Differences in US commanders at Guadalcanal? 04:47:13 - No IJN sailors picked up at Midway? 04:50:23 - Destroyer, Destroyer Escort, Frigate, Corvette, Sloop. Why were there so many different designations for WWII escort ships? What were the practical differences between ships of the different types and the roles they played? 04:54:01 - When is a battle not a battle? 04:56:32 - Depth charge shortages? 05:00:32 - Did navigational aids such as range markers and light houses remain active during the two world wars? 05:02:44 - Neutrality stripes in the late 1930's? 05:05:08 - Last Japanese carrier planned? 05:08:32 - What couldn't Japan build for itself in WW2? 05:10:51 - Were 'the guns of Malta' much of a threat? 05:12:35 - Tudor era 'great ships'? 05:18:17 - Fake debris from U-Boats? 05:21:20 - Would HMS Tiger would have made a better and cheaper "Alaska" than the Alaska? 05:25:41 - B5N's with converted AP shells at Santa Cruz? 05:27:37 - Are there any specific individuals in the various government or private design bureaus that stood out for their skill, influence, etc? 05:29:51 - Although the treaty system was obsolete by the time she was laid down, did HMS Vanguard technically comply with the escalator clause limit of the Second London Naval Treaty? 05:30:37 - What's the deal with the stories of sailors having to chip away paint from brand new ships because the paint was a firehazard. Why was the paint applied in the first place if its dangerous? 05:32:45 - In the Age of sail what were Iron canon treated with to preserve them? Were they blued, blacked, or just oiled daily or something else entirely? 05:34:42 - Common seaman and banking prize money 05:39:23 - Why did US ships of the line look different? 05:42:57 - Dangers of sailing against or into the wind? 05:48:31 - With the Mark 14 hampering American submariner efforts in the pacific, were there many British submarines in the area getting much greater success in the early parts of the pacific war with their non faulty torpedoes? 05:51:00 - What were the fastest warships that were commissioned, by class; Destroyer, Cruiser, Battleship, Aircraft Carrier? 05:53:06 - Would you describe the army navy rivalry of Japan as a distinct phenomenon, above and beyond that in other countries, or is it more just a reflection on the particularly chaotic nature of the Japanese armed forces? 05:55:39 - What were the expansions to naval infrastructure for the USN from the Naval Act of 1916 and how much did they influence the USN ability to build up their fleet during the Second World War and in the pre war build up? 05:58:34 - Had displacement not been as restrictive in the interwar naval treaties, would the US navy continue to use and develop turbo-electric propulsion on large warships leading into World War II and beyond? 06:01:15 - How does the position of the sun affect long range naval gunnery, until the invent of radar based gunnery? 06:05:15 - Gyroscopes and fire control 06:10:49 - Were the admirals right that the US was over relying on the questionable B-36 for nuclear deterrence and that the Navy should have a role to play in it as well, or was it just a case of the Navy’s pride being injured due to ship cancellations, budget cuts and armed forces unification? 06:13:20 - Channel Admin
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  250. Pinned post #2 for giveaway. Note: So it turns out that each comment has a 499 reply limit so I may have to cycle a number of these. :)
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  251. Pinned post for Q&A :) NOTE - missing Death Star Sounds: https://drachinifel.squarespace.com/s/DSAud.mp3
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  252. Pinned post for Q&A :) EDIT: don't know why the channel admin section decided to be all silent. Short-form of what was said: 1) All posters ordered in the past week have been shipped, any non arrivals from the first batch please contact me. 2) Will be heading for the Vasa Museum in late November, date tbc
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  254. Director of Naval Gunnery Alex C. Chapman as far as I can tell
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  255. Probably the destroyer had some squaddies aboard :p
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  257. Probably why S-48 managed to bag one of them on the way back :)
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  258. Sounds like a long term project but sure :)
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  259. I edited out about ten minutes of stuff, missed a couple though! :D
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  260.  @kokofan50  we actually practiced that :D
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  263. Yep, the exception is if someone who actually served in the ship is doing the talking. :)
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  265. Sounds like past me playing portal somehow snuck in... Maybe my PC is haunted?
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  268. BrainzZzZz just a shame I ate one of that DD's torps.:)
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  269. Yep, eventually hope to have all the old videos in human voice format, but starting with the ones people seem to like most.
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  277. Claim your 30-day free trial for MagellanTV here: https://sponsr.is/magellantv_drachinifel Hear the voices of those who were actually there in 'Remembering Pearl Harbor', 'The Last Voices of WW1' and many others. Also - Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  280. Thanks for the information! Is tte new meridian east or west? 😀
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  281. Explaining exactly what it was to the TSA was fun 😀
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  283. Fair point
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  284. Pinned post for Q&A :) Real Time History's video here: https://youtu.be/Q-8qqDJWvXw
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  286. Not so pinned post for 75k sub giveaway entries :)
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  287. 03:00:45 - The Nemi ships and ancient construction 03:04:35 - Is Dazzle camouflage as applied to HMS Tamar still relevant given the advances in non-line of sight spotting of a target? 03:07:23 - No British 6" AP in WW2? 03:13:08 - A number of carrier conversions, for example Kaga, had funnels that directed smoke downward from the hull. What were the major disadvantages of this system and why was it adopted? 03:16:30 - Why do some digrams show armour 'the nearest 1/8th inch" 03:20:53 - What single radio communication, had it happened, could have made the biggest difference to Jutland? 03:27:36 - Ships that, in your opinion, would have been better off with fewer, bigger guns, or more, smaller guns? 03:30:48 - Whats the history behind the Brazilian River Monitor? How come a ship that was launched and entered service in the 1930's is still in active service? 03:33:46 - If you could have given HMS Rodney a full modernisation just before WW2 what would you have done? 03:38:26 - Were there any unorthodox tactics Somerville could have employed at Mers El-Kebir to deescalate the situation after it became clear to him that Gensoul was not acting in good faith? 03:44:34 - What, if anything did merchant ships bring back along the various convoy routes; primarily UK>US and the Arctic routes from the USSR? 03:47:23 - Usefulness of secondary batteries? 03:51:19 - Jeune Ecole but with submarines? 03:54:54 - Is there any realistic way the Germans could’ve actually starved out the British through submarine warfare in either world war as they planned? Or was it always just an unobtainable goal? 03:57:54 - When did towing ships boats stop being standard practice? 04:01:36 - What was it that made the 15" MK1 naval gun such a good design? 04:08:46 - Why did they put torpedo tubes on Battleships? Why did they keep putting them after WWI? And most importantly why underwater tubes on surface ships? Aren't they just weak points and liability as unnecessary openings in the hull below waterline? 04:14:33 - Could you explain the differences between fleets, flotillas, squadrons, task forces, task groups, etc.? And if the usage of these has changed throughout the years 04:21:26 - Changes in naval uniform in the 18th century 04:26:27 - Were there any notable examples of heroic or otherwise noteworthy service by NAAFI staff members on board Royal Navy vessels during WW2? 04:30:30 - TF14 attacks the IJN at Wake Island? 04:36:03 - Food in long battles? 04:38:42 - Rocket-propeller artillery on ships? 04:41:20 - Was HMS Repulse's dodging and weaving expected or outstanding? 04:45:03 - What exactly happened to USS South Dakota for it to lose all electrical power at Guadalcanal, and where there any lessons learned? 04:52:47 - How many 15"/42 guns were in service at any one time? 04:58:05 - Could a German battleship survive what sank Svent Istvan? 05:03:53 - Pre-Whithead torpedoes in Austria-Hungary? 05:06:26 - Renown's instead of Revenges? 05:15:18 - Are there any advantages to inefficiently large ships? 05:21:08 - Did the Japanese adherence to the code of Bushido cause them unnecessary losses in their command ranks in the form of experienced captains choosing to go down with sinking ships they could have otherwise have been saved from? 05:23:57 - 'Magnum' rounds for battleships? 05:29:57 - Illicit stills aboard ships 05:33:29 - Torpedo or cruise missile as the end of the battleship? 05:41:00 - Was anything the allied navies learned from post-war analysis of the Kriegsmarine incorporated into future designs? 05:44:03 - Ships surgeons position in a ship? 05:49:49 - Machine tools used in construction of naval ships and aircraft 05:51:47 - Spanish Armada: Anglo or Anglo-Dutch victory? 05:56:23 - Premature detonation of Long Lance torpedoes? 05:59:08 - Were there any examples in the Royal Navy or Kriegsmarine where poor damage control tactics or equipment led to the unnecessary loss of a ship? 06:03:18 - Channel Admin
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  295. Pinned post for Q&A (Fixed visual glitches)
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  296. I'll be doing a poll next week on which tunes to use and how long the intro should be :)
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  298. Pinned post for Q&A :) Apologies for the late release, turns out there is no onboard WiFi on Qantas aircraft!
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  300. It was RN doctrine up to the mid 18th century, by this point the RN had moved to being happy to engage in the Lee as well, largely thanks to work by and around the time of Admiral Hawke.
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  301. The map shows Argentine territory in dark green, and what they claim is theirs in light green.
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  303. Hence my qualification of the first in a continuous line of armoured vehicle development, as opposed to the various stop-starts previously:)
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  304.  @thehandoftheking3314  I think it's a mixture of factors that varies from person to person, swallowing propaganda a bit too much, wanting to have the 'secret' knowledge, rabid nationalism, rabid anti-nationalism (where they just hate the UK or RN for reasons) and sometimes simply just not wanting to admit they're wrong.
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  305.  @nmccw3245  guess I'll have to come up with something else for tommorow.
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  306. When I have some spare time :D
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  307. 04:03:34 - How to best measure weight of broadside? 04:06:23 - Rank questions 04:09:46 - How did the USN design the South Carolina class before the RN designed the Dreadnought? 04:13:25 - Soviet 180mm guns 04:15:03 - Why/How did Adm King get along with some officers? 04:17:37 - What were the differences between Coles' and Ericsson's turret designs? Was one superior to the other? 04:23:31 - Even if Tirpitz and Scharnhorst were able to sail with Bismarck, what was the plan? 04:32:21 - How much do guns in the age of sails cost? 04:37:47 - Specialist ambphibious ships before WW1? 04:41:34 - KGV's with triple 15"? 04:45:23 - Were the funds contributed by the Federated Malay States for HMS Malaya money well spent? 04:49:08 - How did early war IJN carrier doctrine differ from that of the USN and why did they diverge from the RN carrier doctrine? 04:57:01 - Are there examples of a ships armor doing its job and actually deflecting incoming armor piercing shells? 05:01:31 - HMS Hood's underwater paint colour 05:05:04 - ABX turret layout the best? 05:11:39 - V2 tests and radar tracking 05:16:39 - Why did some admirals lead their fleets into battle from a cruiser when there was a larger ship in their fleet? 05:19:58 - Did bulbous/ram bows have noticeable effects on hydrodynamics in the age of sail or on ancient galleys? 05:23:03 - Do you think that too much emphasis was placed on the British war office versus the admiralty from 1850 to 1914? 05:27:51 - MTG/MGB vs E-Boat tactics 05:35:13 - Channel Admin
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  312. Unfortunately this episode was recorded in advance when I thought I'd be away :(
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  314. I absolutely want to do a video on Admiral Yi, but I also want to do it right, which means finding a historian who specialises in that conflict. That's proving harder to find that I would have though, at least in the English speaking world.
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  316. US industry could produce iron to certain thicknesses in vast quantities but in early 1860 was not capable of producing the full thickness single armour plate such as that used on Warrior or Gloire. It was also not capable of producing the steel shot that RN guns were being issued with. As was the nature of the Industrial Revolution the US would catch up in these regards before 1870, eventually of course it would he the US that invented Harvey steel armour. In 1860-65 the US industry could make things in bulk but was not generally on the cutting edge of tech.
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  319. Sar Jim that's a great bit of information, many thanks for sharing!
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  320. 04:02:26 - Why did no-one spot South Dakota's circuit problems before it went out to fight Kirishima? 04:06:48 - Why the Hancock/Ticonderoga name swap? 04:08:47 - The West Africa Squadron 04:16:30 - Rules and procedures surrounding a ship striking its colors in the WW2 era? 04:20:10 - Surprising technology of the Regia Marina 04:21:51 - In the Age of Sail, how long could cannon last (assuming it hadn't become obsolete)? 04:24:57 - Before radar what sort of fire control did WWII DDs have? 04:26:25 - What was the process and mechanisms used to load the main battery guns of capital ships of the late 19th and early 20th century? 04:30:38 - Warship scrap value 04:34:06 - Improvements to Iowa-class battlesiphs #5 and #6? 04:37:02 - What was the lightest armored and/or lowest displacement ship that carried a dreadnought gun (12 inch/45 caliber or larger)? 04:38:20 - Submarine vulnerability to naval shells 04:41:12 - German I-400 type submarine? 04:43:57 - Golden BB vs Slow Death for capital ships? 04:48:44 - X-Craft exploits 04:51:38 - Divers and damaged ships at sea 04:55:12 - Atlantic Wall and secret bases 05:00:09 - When does an oared ship become a galley? 05:03:39 - Type 89 AA gun 05:07:41 - Plotting rooms in the Grand Fleet? 05:10:10 - If armour won over gunnery 05:13:33 - Bath Iron Works 05:14:01 - Burning Questions about Bad Coal 05:20:42 - Submarine bow shape vs Ship bow shape 05:25:25 - Building battleship guns 05:32:06 - Axis codebreakers 05:35:53 - Was there ever a ship design with an all-aft main battery? 05:37:11 - Was Sovereign of the Seas worth it? 05:40:26 - How were heavy parts of a ship taken to the slipway for installation? 05:42:43 - Why did people listen to Mahan? 05:47:43 - Carriers in storms 05:50:41 - Alternative armamament for the Lion class? 05:56:47 - How in the age of sail were orders relayed inside of ship's during battle? 05:59:25 - If the Mark 14's issues were mostly fixed prior to the attack on pearl harbor, how effective of a weapon could it have been? Could submarine warfare actually have made a noticeable difference? 06:02:12 - How did the torpedo bomber disaster at Midway affect US doctrinal attitude towards torpedo bombing for the remainder of the war? 06:04:37 - How different do you think the naval battle of Guadalcanal would have gone had Admiral Scott maintained command of the American task force, given his demonstrated capacity to better manage the ships and take advantage of radar? 06:07:48 - Channel Admin / 250k subs competition
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  321.  @scottgiles7546  USSSR - United States Strategic Snark Reserves? :D
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  323. Pinned post for Q&A :) EDIT: There seem to be some weird graphics issues about 15 mins in. I honestly have no idea why those have happened...
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  324. Let Audible help you discover new ways to laugh, be inspired, or be entertained. New members can try Audible free for 30 days. Visit https://audible.com/drachinifel or text drachinifel to 500-500. Also, pinned post for Q&A :)
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  330.  @dimitriosvelessiotis6808  Averoff was 'just' an armoured cruiser, but probably one of the best traditional style armoured cruiser, arguably more powerful than some early pre-dreadnoughts.
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  331. Yep, but I always want to try and have a general overview in place first before diving into specific incidents :)
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  332. That sounds awesome, would you be willing to share them?
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  333. ​ @jackray1337 indeed
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  335. I can certainly give it a shot!
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  336. Good point
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  343. 03:01:22 - Could the Danish Navy by 1864 be considered the 6th most powerfull in the world? 03:04:01 - Shore bombardment seems to be a relatively "boring" duty for warships during war, but did the crews manning these ships think it was boring? Were there differences in opinion between gunnery crews, other crews, and the command staff? 03:05:42 - What was the first warship to accommodate all it's crew in bunks instead of hammocks? 03:08:02 - WW2 sonar ping? 03:11:10 - What are your top 3 moments of "Haven't those muppets learned anything?" in ship design from 1918 on? 03:15:13 - In movies, there is often a scene in which a ship, submarine or in particular spaceship pushes the reactor, engines etc. above 100% - so 110% etc. Was this done and if so how often? 03:20:38 - If the USN had gone with the 14" gun for the Florida's like proposed how would that effect all follow on BBs up to the Colorado if at all? 03:24:33 - Was the decision by Admiral Pye to ultimately pull back from sending assistance to Wake Island by the carrier task force justified, in your opinion? 03:28:10 - Howl's Moving Castle battleships 03:32:57 - It is generally held that the WNT helped roadblock another very expensive arms race and possibly even a war in the 20s. What are some other examples of, the often justifiably, maligned politicians, getting something right? A program that they cut due to cost or for being overly aggressive. 03:38:11 - KGV's fitted 'for but not with' 15" guns? 03:43:02 - If you could take a camera on one trip with a time machine what event, person, or ship from naval history would you choose to photograph? 03:44:19 - How many ships could the UK build at once during WW2? How many slipways did the UK have that could build battleships/carriers, cruisers, destroyers and smaller ships? And how many larger (say about Liberty/Victory ship size) merchant ships did the UK build during the conflict? 03:49:47 - We all know how deadly Typhoon Cobra was to lightly-ballasted destroyers, but in how much peril were the capital ships? 03:55:11 - US Battleships beyond Montana? 03:58:46 - Fletcher decks and USS Iowa Turrent No.2 explosion 04:00:54 - Are there any other cases you know about where crews took the letter designations of a ship and twisted time for humorous reasons, dark humor or otherwise? 04:03:32 - How is the propellant in guns using bag charges discharged? 04:05:05 - Rats on Naval Vessels 04:08:23 - How exactly does a Reduit ship differ from a Barbette ship, Central Battery ship, or other type of pre-turreted (as in Fully Armored Barbette type we are familiar with now) in the ironclad era? 04:10:32 - Would did Plan X and Y look like before PLan Z? 04:12:29 - Submarine-carrying battleships? 04:14:44 - During the age of sail, were there tenders sent out by the RN Admiralty for cannon and shot. If not, how did procurement for these materials work exactly? 04:16:06 - Why did the British supply ships to anti-Spanish rebels in the early 19th century? 04:25:03 - Operation Downfall decoy fleet? 04:27:18 - Small WW1/2 navies showing up in unexpected locations? 04:29:26 - What were Italy's plans to respond to naval build up in the 1930's? 04:35:02 - Project HARP and naval uses? 04:37:31 - Would the Alaska's be better with 6x16" guns? 04:44:54 - What impact did the invention of the gatling gun have upon naval warfare design considerations if any? Were they used in any navies before being made obsolete by the invention of the machine gun? 04:46:42 - I've heard that the black hulls on coal powered ships such as Titanic and the Victorian peace time colours was to hide the mess from coal dust. Is this true? Were any other aesthetic standards originally for some functional purpose like that? 04:51:09 - Would the Dunderberg/Rochambeau have lasted longer in service if she'd been built with her original turrets? 04:55:17 - How does Nevada compare to the German WW1 and Interwar Capital Ships? 05:00:56 - How often was there more than one carrier docked at Pearl Harbor throughout 1941? 05:01:58 - Why does there appear to have been suction when Hood sank but not Titanic? 05:10:17 - For the Nelson Class why was B turret the super firing one? 05:12:51 - S.S. Great Eastern, If we took the same design with more modern steel (1910-1930's) how would she compare to vessels of that period? How was her design so robust? 05:20:31 - Boarding action in the Age of Sail 05:25:05 - What was the Royal Navy's transition from Imperial to Metric units like? 05:28:51 - What motors or similar devices are on tugboats to enable towing, and do warships used for towing their 'sisters' have the same types of equipment? 05:35:08 - In past Drydocks you've stated that the Royal Navy tried to develop a dual-purpose 5-inch gun akin to the US 5" 38, but that effort failed. What went wrong? 05:41:27 - Why did the US Marines become closer to the phrase the US Navy's army rather than other marine forces such as the British Royal Marines being closer to Special Forces ? 05:47:51 - What’s with the inclusion of underwater torpedo tubes on battleships designed/constructed immediately after WW1? 05:53:13 - Special ops against enemy ships in the age of sail? 05:58:43 - What, if any, equipment and procedures were there for rebalancing ammunition between the magazines on a ship in the age of dreadnaughts while she was at sea? 06:02:49 - How or what seems to be the deciding factor of if a ship is sunk or just damaged (so a decisive conclusion or not) where the engagement cannot be avoided especially in the Dreadnaught era and on? 06:08:41 - Channel Admin
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  344. In daylight I would completely agree, but at night the average visual spotting range is similar to normal torpedo range
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  346. I try and select sponsors on occasion where they have some relevance to the audience of a naval history channel :)
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  347. It's coming, arrangements are in the works
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  348. "The wearer likely did not take any further part in this battle" :D
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  351. Yes
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  352. Early next month :)
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  357. 04:01:37 - What is the power-dynamic between a captain and a First Officer in the Royal Navy like? For example, in which cases could the First Officer releave the Captain of command? Did this change over time? 04:03:51 - Top speed in reverse? 04:06:23 - Quality of US coal? 04:09:03 - How would HMS St Lawrence compare to other ships of the line? 04:11:46 - Protocol for changing codebooks? 04:14:20 - How good was Admiral Ushakov? 04:17:07 - Battle of Campeche, luck or skill? 04:20:42 - Counter-radar measures for night action? 04:23:23 - Battle of Navarino effects? 04:28:31 - To what extent were the jamming issues that the quad turrets of PoW and KGV suffered during the pursuit of the Bismarck solved later in the war on the surviving KGVs, and did the French quad turrets on the Dunkerques and Richelieus suffer similar problems? 04:31:09 - History of torpedoes? 04:32:41 - What navy man saw the most impactful changes through their navy career? 04:34:37 - Ironclads under sail and steam 04:38:22 - WW1 British railguns 04:41:05 - How much cross-polination was there between development of Railway and Naval steam engines? 04:45:31 - What kind of paper work were there on the age of sail ships, and were there any diffrence between peace time and war time? 04:46:58 - What where the politics surrounding the u.s navy budget in its early years, why was it seen that having a navy was unnecessary? 04:51:35 - What did HMS Royal Sovereign do in Soviet service? 04:52:46 - Could you briefly explain the titles of Admiral of Red, White and Blue and where each Admiral would likely be in a fleet engagement? 04:55:50 - Would the USN have benefited overall from deploying additional modern cruisers and destroyers to the Asiatic Fleet, or would additional ships have just attracted more and heavier attention from the IJN? 04:58:19 - Tankfest / US Travel
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  361. Yeah, and a lot will depend on the speed the ship sinks, the bow of Titanic plunging would result in a fast moving water column and a lot of suction, if the stern was only barely negatively buoyant the suction would be very little and by the time the aft section picked up speed the worst of the falling water column would be too deep to noticeably affect the surface.
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  362. Pinned post for Q&A :) EDIT: Apologies from me on the 1943/44 confusion just over two minutes in. Apologies from my PC for leaving in a date from the Battle of the North Cape later on!
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  365. I've been told "The Re-Colonisation" probably won't go down too well 😀
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  371. It's all a learning experience :)
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  374. Q&A questions here :)
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  379. 1-v-1 perhaps not, but 2-v-1 they would've had a better than even chance against an older battleship.
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  380. As you command: https://youtu.be/Qveycr0-WMU :)
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  384. 04:01:47 - Non-armoured battleships? 04:07:35 - Good/bad ships for gun firing arcs? 04:11:41 - What allied fleets/units were responsible for operations in antarctic waters during WW2? 04:12:51 - Did Taranto inspire Pearl Harbour? 04:16:45 - ACW era submarines? 04:19:49 - Royal Navy in Korea 04:24:19 - How successful were Japanese subs in WWII? 04:28:35 - What is your opinion on the proper naval design philosophy in an era in which naval technology is evolving extremely rapidly? 04:35:08 - Damage control by era? 04:40:12 - What was the most powerful ship ever operated by a pirate? 04:45:30 - Mast ponds? 04:49:20 - What are your top 3 moments of "sometimes my genius is almost frightening?" in ship design from 1918 on? 04:56:17 - Was there any consideration to how a squadron of all forward main armament ships could change traditional naval tactics? 05:00:03 - Why is laminated armour weaker? 05:04:40 - G3 design mysteries? 05:09:31 - Can you explain the difference between a ship’s displacement and its actual weight/mass? 05:14:22 - What is the perfect drydock question? 05:28:57 - Channel Admin / Dockyard & Museum Ship Tours / USA Meet and Greets
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  386. Get this man a medal!
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  388. 03:02:24 - Are there any historical accounts about how British naval commanders felt about operating in the Chesapeake? 03:07:20 - So of all the vessels to bear the name Enterprise, which one are you fondest of? 03:09:20 - Battleship smoke -- the switch from coal to oil reduced the amount of smoke bellowing from the stacks of ships. Did this change make any difference in naval warfare, such as from WWI to WWII? 03:12:02 - Cannons and Ballast 03:16:47 - Standards with larger but fewer guns? 03:23:13 - Copying RN night-strike capability? 03:34:26 - British involvement in the Pacific War without a European War to fight? 03:42:19 - What happened to USS Cyclops? 03:44:42 - Armoured of ships guns turrets? 03:51:20 - In 1895, the Spanish protected cruiser Reina Regente was lost with all hands during a storm. Were "early" cruisers like this specifically vulnerable to bad weather and were there any similar disasters of that scale (400+ dead) involving war ships of this era? 03:54:40 - Could you discuss the pros and cons of a double hull vs the purpose-designed torpedo protection systems of WW2 era capital ships? 04:00:24 - Could you summarise the ship design trends/quirks of each of the major/intermediate naval powers in WW2, noting interesting exceptions where appropriate? 04:05:53 - Anchors on the starbaord side vs a single one to port? 04:10:34 - How important was Sir Charles Swift Lillicrap to the Royal Navy during the interwar period and how feasible were his "20,000" ton battlecruiser designs of the early 1930's? 04:13:34 - How effective where fire ships at breaking up fleets in the sailing age, were they worth the loss of ships that came with using them? 04:18:20 - What was the top speed achieved by a reciprocating battleship or battle cruiser and how long could she be reasonably expected to sustain it? 04:22:17 - Was there ever a actual HMS Interceptor? 04:23:01 - Was there ever a time/place where building a 2nd class battleship and fighting with it, would have been a good choice given our capacity of hindsight and did the idea of 2nd class battleships extend into the post Dreadnought era with any worth? 04:27:13 - Navalized P-38. Would they be able to take off from War era Carrier? 04:30:41 - Instantly fatal vs cumulative damage? 04:35:25 - Battleship guns firing missiles? 04:37:43 - Did the RN think German battleships in WW1 were superior? 04:43:34 - Italian style refits to the Cavours and Dorias? 04:48:56 - Italian battleship shell accuracy - new paper 05:05:53 - Channel Admin - Great War Group / US Trip / Why no mid-month stream?
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  389. My mistake for considering only the initial landings. Everyone please ensure to look up these early craft. Interesting that they used heavy oil engines, presumably due to the issues with petrol engines etc that I mentioned in the initial response.
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  393. No worries, it's also a good example of the basic self defence armament given to many merchants, not a armed auxiliary for sure, but that didn't stop the Hopkins :)
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  402.  @DrivermanO  as the ship is in ordinary they usually got treated more as buildings in RN service, so the terminology reflects that. Also, no real bulkheads on a wooden warship most.of the time :)
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  403. 02:32:28 - Which of the battle ships preserved as museum ships in the US was the best relative to other nations ships at the time it was launched? 02:35:54 - What did the carrier USS Ranger do to become the red headed stepchild of the US navy? 02:39:28 - Wind tunnels on multi-flight-deck carriers? 02:42:08 - In your opinion, was Admiral Somerville’s plan for combat in the Indian Ocean during 1942 a realistic combat strategy, or a bit mad? 02:46:49 - If you were an American merchantman before 1812, how likely was it for a British warship to pull up next to your merchant ship and say "Congrats! You're now all British sailors!"? Where the British so hard up for sailors that they had to resort to slavery? 02:54:14 - Maximum viable gun size in the ironclad era?
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  407. 04:00:20 - How did the process of ship documentation preservation develop? 04:06:29 - What if the British didn't stop building battleships in WW1? 04:13:44 - Essex class hangar deck catapult 04:16:43 - How effective would the Oyodo class have been if completed earlier? 04:19:33 - QE refit boilers 04:21:51 - Is there a tradition or show of respect that ships named after previous ships that were sunk preform when they sail near the wreck / know general area of ships sinking? 04:24:21 - Why is one end of an anchor stock bent? 04:25:43 - Did U-Boats ever sink a ship loaded with German PoW's? 04:27:24 - Why no other super-cruisers? 04:31:10 - WW2 battleships rate of fire 04:40:50 - Jet powered boats in WW2? 04:47:30 - Is much known about the contributions of different Mediterranean powers in the development of the trireme & similar ships? 04:52:31 - Why not much crossover from naval to army artillery? 04:58:58 - The effectiveness of Mosquito fleets? 05:03:34 - Ships damaged/saved specifically because of historical importance? 05:09:11 - It's 1910 and the royal navy want to order the new class of dreadnaught to be built this year, what's the process? 05:14:05 - North Carolina class with 9 * 14 inch? 05:17:21 - Would you rather be the designated bearer of bad news for Admiral King or Admiral Rozhestvensky? 05:18:22 - What kinds of ancient era ships could make the Atlantic coastal voyage? 05:21:33 - What were the trade-off's in US carrier doctrine changes in late WW2? 05:25:17 - Was Operation Felix viable? 05:32:49 - How common were prison ships utilized by the Royal Navy and others to house prisoners of land wars in lieu of internment camps on land, and would such ships have been crewed by the Navy, Army or both? 05:37:23 - Would the Thai navy have had greater success at the Battle of Koh Chang had the Thonburi class monitors been armed with 2 x 3 rapid firing 6in guns of the type found on the Mogami, rather than the 2 x 2 8inch guns of the type found on the Myoko? 05:38:53 - What ship or ships would you say caused the most positive change through being sunk or other general misfortune? 05:42:20 - Channel Admin/US Trip/250k subs comp
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  408. A fantatisc number of meetings King was at tend to be either unminuted or creatively summarised. :D
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  414. Yeah, HMS Matapan, retained well past her sisters for trials work
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  418.  @QALibrary  27 kitchen knives and cleavers before we get into medieval stuff :)
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  419. With many thanks to PhantomXT for his hard work in translating it all into Spanish!
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  420. Still working through the subs, Look out this week for a deep dive on Walter/Electro Boats
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  424. It's on the list to do :)
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  426. I have a feeling that's when Good Hope moved in to ram.
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  428. Just odd timing, it's been on the list for months.
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  432. Pelayo will be coming, gotta find some good sources on it though. If anyone can recommend one I'd be grateful, even in Spanish as I can read that language!
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  434. @onenote6619  the later tests showed SS Great Britain's hull went into brittle behaviour at 40 degrees C, Warriors at 20, so while there was improvement, there was still a fair way to go.
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  437.  @CSSVirginia  the main thing I learned was that the Bismarck belonged to the Kriegsmarine :D
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  438. It's on the list to do :)
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  439. Indeed, I was reporting on what they managed to grab as opposed to the extensive wish list. :)
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  440. Hipper suffers from being basically a "first try" at a treaty era heavy cruiser Vs it's contemporaries who benefitted from a continuous design cycle. If you compared them to other 'first tries' like the Pensacola class or the Aoba/Myoko's the comparison is a lot more favourable
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  445. Pinned post for Q&A :) - NOTE - I somehow managed to get the intro for Drydock 79 into this one by accident.
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  450. Q&A questions here please :) EDIT: At Mers-el-Kebir it should be "one of the Dunkerque class", not "the Dunkerque".
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  452. According to one of the officials aboard the aim is to get over into a shape such that if they plugged the ventilation/exit back up the would float perfectly fine if the dock breaches.
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  455. It was an absolute pleasure to visit the museum and learnso much from you 😀
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  458. Done :)
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  459.  @WilliamJones-Halibut-vq1fs  1) No, the escalator clause for gun calibre wasn't invoked until 1937, a year after the Bismarck was laid down, and the escalator clause for displacement wasn't invoked until 1938, two years after Bismarck was laid down. Given Bismarck's design was finalised in 1935, two years before even the gun calibre clause was invoked, it's design was in complete violation of the naval agreements. 2) All-or-Nothing was invented in America, not the UK. 3) No 24 inch torpedoes were fired at Bismarck, the only torpedo close to that size which hit was the one from HMS Rodney. The Swordfish torpedoes were 18" and the destroyer and cruiser torpedoes were 21". 4) Bismarck's armour scheme was very badly designed for anything except taking a long time to sink, for protecting her as a combat-effective unit, it was awful. It also meant the ship was unique amongst dreadnoughts in that you could sink it without ever penetrating the citadel.
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  461.  @jamesharding3459  my only regret is that I have but one pin to give :)
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  462. I had a section in there about the 1930s updates, but as you can see the timing was already a bit tight 😀 As Mississippi only got off a single salvo, again for time reasons I went with 'mostly' shore bombardment to leave room for Surigao without have to add that section as well. 😀
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  463. Yeah, they basically had a 15 year gap where the institutional knowledge of how to build ships was lost, they had to start over from scratch, it's a reasonable credit to them that (apart from dodging stern construction) their ships were competitive in most areas, just overweight for the firepower.
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  475. I'll use a proper camera next time :)
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  481. Pinned post for Q&A :) Edit: For more talk of floating felines, check out the books "Ship's Cats: In War & Peace" and "Seafurrers: The Ships' Cats Who Lapped and Mapped the World". The website 'Purr-N-Furr UK' also has a fun article on 'Cats in Wartime'
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  487. I've mentioned it many times, occasionally at length, but I don't remember doing a specific video on it before. 😀
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  488. They need their own video :)
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  491. A number of Town class and related follow-ons would either have X turret removed at some point or never installed due the unceasing top-right of radar, fire-control and AA systems. :)
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  493. Hello :)
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  495. Yep, they'd be on the list :)
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  496. I could try, maybe start with medieval naval battles 😀
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  497. I once spoke to a USN sailor who said the three greatest foes of the Navy I descending order were Congress, BuOrd and foreign enemies. Closely followed apparently by the USAF. :p
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  498. Pinned post for Q&A :) Edit: Apologies, I messed up om describing the types of guns in the before/after upgrade section
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  504. 02:03:03 - Battleship rate of fire? 02:10:02 - What were the biggest prisoner hauls that resulted from single naval engagements, say in the period of 1900-1950? 02:11:54 - Being such powerful ships, why were battleships phased out so quickly after WW2? 02:15:40 - Most useful French ships for the Allied cause? 02:20:34 - How lucky were the stern hits on battleships by torpedoes? 02:22:48 - Were any surviving Imperial Japanese warships retained and adopted into the nascent Japanese Maritime Defense Force? 02:24:50 - Why did the Allies think the Yamato's had 'only' 16-inch guns? 02:29:34 - HMS Rodney and sheep? 02:30:59 - Polar Exploration ships and their evolution? 02:34:45 - What was japanese naval warfare like during the sengoku jidai period? 02:36:29 - Why weren't British shell fuses picked up as an issue after Jellicoe was promoted? 02:41:37 - Dye packs in naval shells 02:45:39 - Tube on KGV superstructure? 02:46:53 - Special fuel on late-model U-Boats? 02:48:54 - 'One in a million' events in naval battles? 02:53:16 - Massive errors successfully resolved? 02:55:48 - Greyhound questions 02:58:40 - In your opinion who has the best naming convention for ships and why is the naming Convention for the Royal navy so different between classes? 03:06:50 - Battle of Cap Bon? 03:08:31 - Georgios Averoff tactics? 03:12:32 - Upgrading the Standards inter-war? 03:16:31 - Triple turret QE's? 03:17:59 - What strategies have best worked out for the underdog? 03:26:08 - How good (or how bad) were the German pre-dreadnoughts and armored cruisers, and how did they compare to their British counterparts? 03:39:44 - What do you consider the biggest side-effect of the Great Kantō earthquake in WW2, Amagi being replaced by the slower Kaga or the lessons the USN learned from the Honda Point Disaster? 03:42:06 - Are there noteworthy examples of improvised or ad-hoc armour fitted to warships? 03:43:38 - Much is made about how the triple screw design of Bismarck was a design flaw and was a significant factor in her loss because she was unavailable to maneuver. If Bismarck had four propellers and suffered the same damage with one rudder locked in a hard turn, do you think she could actually have gotten away? 03:46:52 - Do you think it would have been possible from a fuel and/or any other perspective to send one or two Unryu's out in conjunction with Yamato in operation Ten-Go? If so, if they were spaced far enough from Yamato, do you think Yamato would have gotten in range of the American invasion force given the American disposition to target the carriers and Unryu's potential to attract American strike aircraft? 03:51:29 - US fast fleet oiler dispositions? 03:54:01 - I-400 vs Surcouf with one do you think was better construction and had more potential to impact future of submarines designs? 03:56:15 - When an armor piercing shell strikes an enclosed space such as a conning tower or turret, even if it does not penetrate or spall splinters off of the interior it is going to make a very loud clang. Just how badly would the crew inside the space be affected by the noise? 04:01:31 - I saw the movie "Greyhound" recently and was surprised at how much voice communications over radio was used. Could you, in brief, describe when tactical use of voice communications between ships became the norm and if the portrayal in Greyhound was accurate? 04:04:57 - It seems that most navies settled on the same size torpedoes by WW2. Did all that happen by purely accident or was there more to it? 04:07:17 - Ocean Liners speed and evading subs 04:12:44 - Why did the Kriegsmarine struggle to build decent light cruisers? 04:15:49 - What decides whether to go with smaller, fast-turning screws or larger, slow-turning screws? 04:19:51 - Of the completed ships scrapped under the naval treaties, were there any that would have been useful to their respective nations in World War II had they instead been retained and modernised? 04:25:08 - To hit a ship a 20 000 yeards, you need to train you turret with a resolution (and more important repeatability) of better than 0.8°. How do you do this with a multi 100 ton structure that is subjeted to massive off centric recoil (e.g. if only the two left guns of a quad turret fires)? 04:28:06 - What's your favorite "Hold my beer" moment in Naval history? 04:29:52 - How do submarines find targets? 04:32:31 - How much less effective was the 11 inch Dahlgren with its standard charges at Hampton Roads than with its later increased? How much did this increase the guns armor penetration by? 04:36:53 - Channel Admin / US Trip Meet and Greet
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  508. Pinned post #4 for those who (somehow) didn't get in on the first 3! :D
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  509. Earlier this year :)
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  510. It does say "more or less" :D
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  511. Pinned post for Q&A ::) (Also, Chapters seem to be working!)
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  512. That was apparently the precursor to the live ammo demonstratation :)
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  516.  @ImpmanPDX  the number of times auto-correct thinks I'm Death and not Drach is hilarious :D
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  521. Pinned post for Q&A :) USS Iowa Video on Turret 2 Explosion: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DPxUHZBeO1Y
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  525.  @SwedishShipGotheborg  I will definitely be back!
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  537. I agree, I wasn't trying to say they were badly protected, only that the scheme had a few flaws and that it wasn't as impressive as it looks on paper. Conversely, on paper, it's insane well defended, so it 'goes down' to 'merely' very well defended.
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  538. I blame my Spanish for thinking o can read French :D
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  550. I'm happy to look at certain Cold War stuff, I prefer to avoid modern stuff to avoid modern politics and also because obviously a lot of modern stuff has classified capabilities.
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  552. Hopefully I didn't butcher the names too badly
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  560. A few more weeks, the next battle is of course the big one!
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  563.  @davidbrennan660  Not even close :D
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  564. Time-wise they're close to the Yorktowns but capability-wise they're actually closer to the Essex class (which, like the Shokaku's, are the first non-treaty bound design of their respective nations), overall they're something of an in-between step, although on a subtly different development course and offset by several years of technological development.
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  566. Good catch
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  569. Traditionally naval battles were named after the nearest point of land, since most of them tended to happen relatively close to the coast. You had a few odd ones that were so far away from land that they needed other names, so you got the Battle of the Glorious First of June, which was another way of saying no-one actually knew where the battle was except that it was too far away from land to be worth working out. In the 20th century battles started taking place further out, so you had things like the Battle of the Denmark Strait. I believe that Samar is so-called because most see it as part of the larger 'Battle of Leyte Gulf', ie a sub-part of a larger battle.
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  574. Correct, it's a mini-sub from Pearl, not Ward's victim, but it's also a public domain photo, which the underwater ones (as far as I can tell) aren't.
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  582. There is some stuff scattered about for the Royal Navy :)
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  584. I believe that falls under build time. :p
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  590. Pinned post #3 for those who didn't manage to get in on the first two.
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  592. George Kapadoukakis British battlecruisers were also capable of taking a lot of punishment when their ammo handling facilities were operating properly :p
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  596. This is true, turns out the seas were too rough :D
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  599. Who else could you possibly have for that line? :)
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  604. I wish I had that kind of influence :)
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  605. I don't dislike it, it's just hilarious at how pushy they were trying to sell it literally anyone with even a tangential interest in naval artillery. :D
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  606.  @goodman4966  none currently, but plenty in the past, and a few friends currently. Last family member in the Navy was a great uncle who found himself in the engine rooms of HMS Royal Oak when U-47 showed up...
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  610. Yep, all very fast, all with massive engine power :)
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  612.  @cleverusername9369  I doubt he's doing all his own writing and researching 😀
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  618. Pinned post for Q&A :) For those that want to donate a smaller amount, the campaign will be adding a lower tier, they're in the process of updating the website, but in the interim if people go directly to the website https://www.wlv.ac.uk/alumni/make-a-donation/donation-code/ and make a donation to the Find the Captain Project of £20 or upwards, they will ensure that your is name recognised as a donor on the Find the Captain website (or you can give anonymously if you prefer) and they will ensure they are kept up to date with the progress of the project by email.
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  620. Stephen Bond it'll be fun trying to find enough information to fill a video but I can give it a go :)
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  621.  @AidanDracole  Hence why I mentioned the bridge damage was 'reportedly', since as you mention there are questions over the timing and cause.
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  624. These subs transcend even Beatty in some ways :D
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  633. I wonder if people would like some specials on the more interesting naval battles?
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  634. Pinned post for Q&A :) Edit: James' guide to carrier Name meanings: 若宮　わかみや　Wakamiya – Means both ‘Young Prince’ or a newly built Shinto Shrine 神威　かもい　Kamoi – Named after Cape Kamoi (Kamui). Name means ‘Divine Authority’. 瑞穂　みずほ　Mizuho – Literally ‘Abundant Rice’ but often means ‘Harvest’. 日進　にっしん　Nisshin – Literally ‘Days Advance’ or ‘Days Progress’. Sometimes translated as ‘Day by Day’. 秋津洲　あきつしま　Akitsushima – an ancient name for Japan. Contains the kanji for ‘Autumn’ (秋), ‘Haven’ or ‘Port’ (津), and ‘Continent’ or ‘Island’ (洲). It’s a poetic place name so It’s a bit harder for me to offer anything concrete. 大鷹　たいよう　Taiyou – Great Hawk 雲鷹　うんよう　Unyou – Cloud Hawk 冲鷹　ちゅうよう　Chuuyou – Soaring Hawk 海鷹　かいよう　Kaiyou – Sea Hawk 神鷹　しんよう　Shinyou – Divine Hawk 鳳翔　ほうしょう　Houshou – Phoenix in Flight   千歳　ちとせ　Chitose – Thousand Years 千代田　ちよだ　Chiyoda – Thousand Generation Field 瑞鳳　ずいほう　Zuihou – Auspicious Phoenix 祥鳳　しょうほう　Shouhou – Auspicious Phoenix Author note: Zuihou and Shouhou are usually both translated primarily as ‘Auspicious Phoenix’ but more common secondary meanings give ‘Fortunate’ for 瑞 (Zui) and ‘Happiness’ or ‘Blessed’ for 祥 (Shou). 龍鳳　りゅうほう　Ryuuhou – Dragon Phoenix 伊吹　いぶき　Ibuki – Named for Mount Ibuki. Author Note: Ibuki is difficult for me. If my teacher gets back to me with anything concrete, I’ll update somewhere. 赤城　あかぎ　Akagi – Named after Mount Akagi. Name means ‘Red Castle’. 加賀　かが　Kaga – Named after Kaga Province. I translate the name as ‘Joyful Addition’ as 加 (Ka) means ‘add’ or ‘addition’ and 賀 (Ga) means ‘Congratulations’ or ‘Joy’. 龍驤　りゅうじょう　Ryuujou – Prancing Dragon 蒼龍　そうりゅう　Souryuu – Blue (or Green) Dragon. Author Note: Japanese for a long time thought green was a type of blue, thus 蒼 (Sou) means ‘Blue’ and encompasses green. It can be translated as either but typically it’s translated as ‘Blue Dragon’ 飛龍　ひりゅう　Hiryuu – Flying Dragon 翔鶴　しょうかく　Shoukaku – Soaring Crane 瑞鶴　ずいかく　Zuikaku – Auspicious Crane 大鳳　たいほう　Taihou – Great Phoenix 飛鷹　ひよう　Hiyou – Flying Hawk 隼鷹　じゅんよう　Junyou – Peregrine Falcon 雲龍　うんりゅう　Unryuu – Cloud Dragon 天城　あまぎ　Amagi – Named after Mount Amagi. Name means ‘Heavenly Castle’. 葛城　かつらぎ　Katsuragi – Named after Mount Katsuragi. Name means ‘Arrowroot Castle’. 笠置　かさぎ　Kasagi – Named after Mount Kasagi. I translate the name as ‘A place to put one’s hat’ as 笠 (Kasa) means ‘bamboo hat’ and 置 (Gi) means ‘placement’ ‘put’ or ‘set down’ however, there is likely a more poetic name meaning given the other ways to interpret the kanji. 阿蘇　あそ　Aso – Named after Mount Aso. Author Note: Translation is difficult so as with Ibuki if my teacher has anything concrete, I will update here or in a later video. 信濃　しなの　Shinano – Named after Shinano Province. Contains the kanji for ‘faith’ or ‘truth’ (信) and ‘concentrated’ or ‘thick’ or ‘undiluted’ (濃). It’s a bit harder for me to offer one single translation.
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  637.  @wolfsoldner9029  This is not true, the first AoN ship was USS Nevada, pre-WW1, a decade before the treaty battleships. It was specifically designed to maximise survivabilityand retain combat effectiveness.
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  642. Pinned post for Q&A, also my Baltic/Black Sea nemesis strikes again!
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  643. I can publish a PDF of them if people want :)
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  655. ​ @conservativemike3768 wow, my email is in the channel 'About' section!
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  673. Pinned post for Q&A :) EDIT - Book link coming when I get back from the USA!
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  675. For a given value of 'right' :p
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  680. Possibly, how long have you got.
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  682. You are correct, it should be two sets of propellers.
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  695. Might get thematically appropriate points :p
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  698. I think the highest praise comes from the fact that a British Admiral near enough demanded more RAN ships for his command on the grounds of the excellent performance of the ones already there.
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  711.  @koncrete7839  I specially sharpened the knife I used to cut the salted beef, it's just that tough. Was blunter afterwards though :D
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  712. As others have mentioned, I use an ahistorical prefix to distinguish WW2 era German ships from the WW1 versions that often share a name. KMS or DKM are often used in historical publications for this purpose. :)
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  713. Volunteers exceed press gang by a considerable margin on most ships, and foreign press ganged sailors were rarer still. So most likely he was a volunteer, American volunteers weren't uncommon and a good number of sailors in the USN in the War of 1812 had previous RN experience.
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  715.  @seth1422  I agree with the comparison, generally speaking (although there always exceptions) European industry of the late 19th century was generally more technically advanced, but American industry was catching up and was demonstrating increasingly the ability to mass manufacture items on a vast scale that most European powers couldn't hope to match. Eg overtaking France as a naval power within a couple of decades of starting, despite France being one of the larger European countries and a major naval power for nearly a millennium prior.
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  721. Unfortunately even with multi-part videos like this, sometimes I have to give a very abbreviated version of some events. In this case the main point was to explain that there was an argument and why the ships launched later in the day with smaller bombs :)
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  731.  @Fitzwalrus06  drop me an email or a discord DM :)
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  733. Hmm, maybe I should do a dramatic reading of Saruman's line's from Lord of the Rings for April 1st then? :D
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  738. Pinned post for Q&A :) Edit: Yes, I accidentally said Dec 5th instead Dec 7th for the Pearl Harbor attack!
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  739. Derfflinger's fate was in some ways similar to Seydlitz at Dogger Bank, everything in the turret cooked off, but enough safety provisions allowed them to flood the magazine in time. Texas was originally coal powered, her oil fired boilers wouldn't be installed until the mid'20's so in this battle she's still powered by coal :) Thanks for the long feedback post!
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  741. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  745. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  747. Covered them recently :)
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  748. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  749. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  750. Mp3 of the noises linked in the pinned post
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  751. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  752. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  753. I mean, we spent 150 years 'acquiring' most of them 😀
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  754. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  755. I'm actually working on one at the moment!
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  756. Pinned post for Q&A ::)
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  757. Thankyou for the correction, the source I used for Tsushima stated: "With the evacuation of every officer above the rank of midshipman, the ship was effectively abandoned to the mercies of the Japanese." I interpreted that to mean the IJN would have taken control of the ship, but this appears to be incorrect. My apologies.
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  758. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  759. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  760. I looked hard but I couldn't find a damage report in the archives, although the deck war diary does refer to them being submitted.
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  761. It's the flag that came with the kit 😀
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  762. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  763. I mentioned briefly that she was sunk by carrier strikes and gunfire, the full story of her last stand is a subject for its own video. :)
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  764. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  765. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  766. @JZ's BFF as the forces consolidated, the new commander checked on everyone's AA ammunition stocks, so was aware of the situation. But then that consolidated force amalgamated with another to form the whole, and the Rear Admiral in charge if that force didn't get the information or gather it himself until it was too late.
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  767. I'll just note that when I first read the question I was extremely skeptical that there was anything more to it than a good story, pretty much the only reason I changed my mind on it is that, whilst a few tangential references are made in various books and articles, the longest and most comprehensive account of the matter was found in the book I referenced, which is an incredibly technical work on radar and associated electronic systems of WW2 and not the kind of book where the author would seem to be given to flights of fancy. Indeed the passage I read out sits in the middle of the section that discusses the various jamming and counter-jamming efforts undertaken in relation to the German guided weapons. Of course, even the best authors can make mistakes, so I remain open to feedback! :)
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  768. BuOrd seems to have a persistent habit of half-baking things and then running and hiding behind paperwork...
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  769. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  770. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  771. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  773. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  774. You're in luck next week then :)
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  775. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  782. 03:03:01 - Just what was the level of electronic warfare technology at Jutland? 03:08:43 - Why during the interwar period did none of the naval powers build any battlecruisers? 03:13:51 - USN deflection shooting? 03:17:44 - Age of Sail ship design models 03:22:31 - The Type 96 25mm AA gun 03:27:38 - History of the IJN 14" gun? 03:30:27 - What was the purpose and function of funnel cages? 03:31:54 - Has there ever been a warship built/designed/contemplated with more than four propellor shafts? 03:33:08 - The demise of the big gun on cruisers 03:38:24 - Damage control, depictions and modern day training 03:49:11 - In the age of sail, what other scurvy remedies were popular apart from Royal Navy lime juice rations. How did other navies cope with it? 03:52:09 - Considering the 75% casualty rates of Uboats in World War II do they really deserve their reputation for being as effective as they are normally given? 03:55:38 - Were certain types of wood bad for sailors on ships of the line? 03:57:57 - Class of a ships captain? 04:01:12 - With hindsight would you have built all the Illustrious class carriers to the Indomitable design? 04:03:26 - Battleship bore brush? 04:06:02 - Which famous pirate in your opinion would have made the best naval officer and conversely which famous naval officer would have made the best pirate? 04:09:09 - Post war heavy AA? 04:12:36 - When and why did capturing enemy vessels go out of style in naval combat? 04:17:28 - What are a couple ships that were layed down but not completed that you want to see the full blueprints for (example like Kentucky and Illinois) where we don’t have them? 04:20:07 - What were the RN’s superior night-time carrier/air tactics at the start of WW2? Eat more carrots? 04:25:21 - Was the KGV's 14" gun better than the Iowa's 16" gun as it was possible to arm ships with larger numbers of these smaller caliber guns? 04:32:34 - Did the frequency of engagements, resulting in the capture or sinking (neutralising) of a ship change over time? 04:35:36 - The incomplete Russian (then Soviet) battlecruiser Izmail was chosen to be converted to an aircraft carrier in 1925, but this was subsequently cancelled by Red Army politicking. Had the conversion been able to go through, how might she have stacked up next to her contemporaries? 04:37:22 - How did the Still and West Pub that HMS Vanguard came close to flattening when she was being towed out of Portsmouth Harbour in 1960 get it's name? 04:37:57 - Are there any memorable naval quotes that stick with you of similar tone to 'Funny how scum always rises to the top' as said to Lord Mountbatten. 04:39:28 - If Saratoga was repaired a few days earlier and was in Pearl Harbor and able to sail with Enterprise and Hornet to Midway, would Nimitz have pushed for Yorktowns quick patch up and turn around anyway to give Fletcher 4 fleet carriers to match the Japanese or would he be more willing to leave Yorktown in Pearl to finish repairs? 04:41:14 - Did the Imperial Japanese Navy have any contingency plans in the event the Kido Butai was detected enroute to Pearl Harbour? 04:42:42 - Are there examples in naval history where some applied for a lower grade rank because that was the job they wanted to do? 04:47:13 - What were the most bizarre crew comforts/amenities (or flag officer requests) requested, designed, or actually installed aboard a military ship? 04:49:54 - Channel Admin
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  783. And now to find a singer!
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  784. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  785. Also, it took time for the RAN to work out what had happened and then distribute this information. I am relaying what the crew were being told at the time, that we know now what the actual sequence of things was doesn't change that their actions at the time were dictated by what they thought was true at that moment.
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  786.  @Jon.A.Scholt  that bit wasn't hard. The potholes on the other hand..
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  787. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  788.  @wolfsoldner9029  not really, the USN used it in multiple generations of battleships and the UK designed OT into the G3 and N3 classes long before any sense of displacement limits came in. Simply put, AoN allows maximum protection over the bits of the ship that actually matter. Turtleback wasn't a few concept, it was the old concept found as far back as peed dreadnoughts and discarded because it didn't allow for the belt to be made thick enough to withstand incoming fire if you also wanted to be able to move quickly and carry decent firepower. The treaties forced the issue due to the balance of fire is weight limit they specified, but almost everyone had already adopted AoN at that point for other reasons.
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  789. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  790. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  791. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  792. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  793. It goes on a ship :)
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  794. To be fair that battleship never stood a chance, so definitely unfair. :D
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  795. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  796. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  797. @thereddye  I purge them wherever possible but blocking doesn't work as they have new aliases each time, so I have to wait for them to post and then manually delete.
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  798. Well caught.
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  799. That must've been an experience!
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  800. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  801. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  802. I love that it's spelling has almost not relationship to how you say it :D
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  803. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  804. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  805. In theory there is a finite number of warships built... :p
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  806. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  807. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  808.  @thecount5558  the sources I listed in the video description suggest she did not, always happy to learn more though, what's the book called?
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  809. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  810. HD should be available soon :)
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  811. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  812. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  813. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  814. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  815. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  816. Not yet, but the Royal galleon Warspight (intentional spelling) was only 8 years away. :)
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  817. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  818. Yeah there's a much bigger list on my PC, I'll be refreshing this list next time :)
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  819. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  820. I certainly would've evened things out along the hull somewhat, as for if the additional water would've saved the ship, we can't know, but it would've had a better chance.
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  821. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  826. Drydocks are almost impossible to predict for time spent recording. Sometimes I know the answer immediately, sometimes I can spend half a day chasing down a single scrap of data. :)
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  827. I did indeed :)
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  828. Yep, notice I reused the Tsesarevich picture for the Eagle-eyed :)
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  829. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  830. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  831. So did I, sadly one of the worst predatory media companies bought the rights to it :(
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  832. I have a special on them planned for next year at some point.
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  833. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  834. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  835. Pinned post for Q&A :) I shall follow up on Halsey, the RCN and the RAN next week!
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  836. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  837. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  839. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  842. I know she's on the list, don't know how soon though.
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  843. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  849. Indeed, and many more in boxes :D
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  850. I'd broadly agree with you, albeit with the qualifier that when it's one of the few tanks the Boys AT Rifle can just blast clean through as opposed to going after the road wheels... well there are thinner skinned tanks, but not many! 😀
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  851. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  852. Not the first I've been offered, bit the first I've accepted :)
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  853. Sorry about that, but the wind noise was so intense any higher on the threshold and you've have constant wind howl :D
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  854. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  855. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  858.  @josxxiv  I give you licence to beat me upside the head if I go that far! :D
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  859. It may well have been thrown far enough away from the ship that by the time it resurfaced it was out of sight.
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  860. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  861. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  864. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  865. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  866. It's awaiting transfer from robo voice :)
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  867. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  868. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  869. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  870. Pretty much, I call myself a historian these days because very respected historians have called me one 😀
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  871. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  872. True, but there is anger expressed via kills and then there is hunting submarines with other submarines, which is also a remarkable feat of skill. :)
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  873. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  874.  @gizmophoto3577  nope! Just me, occasionally a friend helps out with camera works, Mrs Drach does the thumbnails and a number of kind subscribers help out when 3d work is needed, but the history, research, writing, recording and editing is all me.
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  875. I had it in there originally but this is the longest one of these frigate duel videos so far, so I trimmed it out and put it into a script I'm working on regarding advances in Age of Sail gunnery instead.
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  876. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  877. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  878. Can do :)
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  879. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  880. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  881. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  895.  @jmi5969  Steve Maclaughlins "Russian and Soviet Battleships" 😀
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  896. Pinned post for Q&A :) UPDATE on American Trip (supercedes Drydock ending) - https://youtu.be/-w3LH3tGLYE
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  897. The episode was already well over time 😀
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  898.  @PaulfromChicago  the key is the timing, my conclusion is she was hit right at the very start of turning, before the rudder had even fully gone over, which would mean she was either still going in a straight line or in the middle of that little shimmy in the opposite direction. Which, given the overall aim was a turn to port, would've nudged her bow out to starboard with the accompanying small roll to port, which would've exposed her side even more for a handful of seconds.
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  899. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  900. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  901.  @peteranninos2516  likewise drop me a line :)
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  902. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  903. They used similar ammo to the British at the start of WW1 but took longer to move away from it.
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  904. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  905. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  911. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  914. You're right, I had RN in previous videos on Italian ships, must've slipped a key this time, have changed it :)
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  915. Yep :) Where sentence has already been decided and the purpose of the trial is purely to demonstrate the righteousness of the state to the populace.
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  916. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  917. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  918.  @karlvongazenberg8398  [linguistic part of brain screams internally]
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  919. According to my grandfather, his great-great-uncle (I think that's the right one for 'brother of ancestor 3 generations back).
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  920. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  921. Thanks for the clarification!
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  922. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  923.  @nahute3695  I wanted to, but I don't have enough armour to withstands copyright bot bombardment :p
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  924. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  925. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  926. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  927. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  928. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  935.  @RelativeGalaxy7  the Germans initially claimed at least on paper that the Hippers adhered to the 10k ton displacement limit :p
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  936. Im playing whack a mole.with them :)
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  937. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  938. I meant to say "had built and available" as Missouri and Wisconsin were still on shake-down at the time, but I screwed up actually saying the line :)
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  939. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  940. Claim your SPECIAL OFFER for MagellanTV here: https://sponsr.is/magellantv_drachinifel_0724 and start your free trial TODAY so you can watch Worlds Greatest Ships and other fascinating documentaries! Also, pinned post for Q&A!
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  941. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  942. 16" shell is a 16" shell, being hit by a sub-optimal one is like being turnover by a small steamroller, in most cases you're just as dead. But the engineer in me seeks optimised efficiency. I don't think warp-speed shells are necessarily the solution either to be honest, my personal opinion is that the best balance is an average weight shell but a fired from a good gun that's 50-55 calibres in length. That should get a good balance of shell velocity, angle of fall, gun durability and accuracy.
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  943. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  947.  @centurion_a4136  indeed
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  948. Poisonturtle44 happy to oblige, I will add Eagle to the list in the next video :)
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  949. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  950. Oh superb!
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  951. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  952. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  953.  @5peciesunkn0wn  a few people have pointed it out, yes :)
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  954. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  960.  @senecanero3874  I was able to travel last year during a period when the restrictions were not as significant as they were towards the end of the year.
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  961. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  962. A lot was tried, Tiger and Hood both took potshots at German aircraft in their respective wars, but only the IJN operationally deployed it as a matter of doctrine.
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  963. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  964. Can do if requested :)
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  965. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  972.  @GaldirEonai  I'm spending this month testing out a variety of themes and then there will be a vote ate the end :)
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  973.  @pedenharley6266  Dante Alghieri, they're Vickers triple 12"
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  974. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  975. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  977. Well, it wasn't a disaster, but the M-class generally can't be called a success if it takes four different roles before you find one that works :)
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  978. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  979. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  981. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  983. The Fletcher class were amazingly stable, it took cramming in more aa that was in a prewar cruiser to cause them issues
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  984. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  985. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  986. It's considered possible that HMS Rodney torpedoed Bismarck :)
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  987. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  989. There are certain requirements to placement of sponsorships, my preference within that is to get it all done at the start, so as not to interrupt the overall flow of the main content. :)
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  990. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  994.  @kennethjohnston9736  +20 Shirt of Smiting :D
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  995. Yeah, ironically enough a pure black shape is really easy for our eyes to spot in most night conditions.
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  996. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1000.  @Eboreg2  Sorry!
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  1013.  @MrTScolaro  it was a couple of days after a full moon if I'm reading the reports right, although haven't found specific mention of night cloud cover, can infer no low cloud from the willingness to launch torpedo bombers but also expecting heavy flare use so clearly not pristine visibility
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  1018. By armour layout Olympia is a protected cruiser. :)
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  1020. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1021. Nearly 3 total :)
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  1022. Also, rate my "Norge", finally found out how to say it!
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  1023. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1028. It's on the list, a bit of a way off though, unless I do a special on both ships.
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  1029. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1031. I haven't changed the intro volume, but I have upped the input on my microphone.
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  1041. Entries don't close until tonight :) Then I have to pick them! There will be a separate winners announcement video and community alert later in the week.
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  1045. Pinned post for for Q&A :)
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  1051. I was thinking of Manco Inca Yupanqui, who is also called Manco Capac by some books about the Inca Empire :) You are right about the US monitor purchase date, I got the dates confused during the write-up. :)
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  1054. Definitely :)
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  1058. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1059.  @thecount5558  could you ask him to email me, Ottoman Navy sources in English are hard to come by. :)
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  1060. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1061. Implacable and Indefatigable were a two-ship follow-on class to an improved design :)
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  1062. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1063. This Saturday :)
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  1064. They tried, but we're out of range of their guns and since all the capital ships were running at flank speed, they couldn't close the range quickly enough to take part.
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  1065. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1066. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1067. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1070. They think they mightve found her wreck but not enough definitive items were seen
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  1071. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1072. Part of it was to do with increased speed, a casemate at a height and position that was workable at 14-16 knots was a very different story at 21 knts or more :)
    21
  1073. True, but modern destroyers are larger and helicopters don't need heavy catapults and recovery cranes :)
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  1074. I block them as fast as I can
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  1075. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1076. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1079. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1080.  @tathagatabhattacharya5911  It varied massively, less than 48 hours later you'd see Admiral Lee at the other end of the scale, a man who understood and trusted his guns and radar far, far better than even the actual operating crew on his ship :)
    20
  1081.  ukkowalski  Depends on what aspect/view you'd like on the battle, there are a lot of different books out there, but Campbell's 'Jutland - An Analysis' remains a good foundation on which to build. :)
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  1082. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1083. No idea, it's like playing whack-a-mole blocking them 😂
    20
  1084. I boosted the audio as much as possible with the rain in the background
    20
  1085. The YT auto generation is a bit weird and spotty in its functionality. :(
    20
  1086. Yeah, it's also due to it being lumped in as an action as part of a larger Battle of Leyte Gulf. I tend to prefer to dignify it as it's own battle.
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  1087. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1090. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1091. Will do, it's on the list
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  1092. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1093. The problem is the vast majority of ships are carrying older 12" guns, whose shells are entirely unsuitable for the Grand Fleet anyway :D
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  1094. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1097. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1099.  @jimkeats891  yeah but after you build , paint, rig and fit sails to a dozen ships you start losing the will to live, so a flag goes on and that's it. I didn't even bother putting flags on my British, French and Spanish Fleets at all yet 😀
    20
  1100. Different shell weights mean they go on different arcs and thus different distances on the same elevation
    20
  1101. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1102. Adding other weight on :D
    20
  1103. ​ @andrewmacgregor8717 the old music can be found on multiple sites listed by the original author as copyright free. I can guarantee you they aren't seeing any of the money the parasitic DRM company is trying to extort from people
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  1104. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1107. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1111. Something definitely went off underwater after Hammann went down, but whether it was depth charges, torpedoes or magazines or a combination of all these is unknown. It's primary effect appears to have been killing many survivors in the water.
    20
  1112.  @PaulfromChicago  the trough would not in itself change all that much, but the apparent depth would due to the roll/lean of the ship and potential calm spots being caused where the ships water shadow caused a calm area in which the bow wave and trough would be the only waves present. The wavelength would also change as the ship lost speed. A high speed and sharp turn might also cause a small degree of water displacement on the outside and void on the inside, which would exacerbate apparent decreases and increases respectively.
    19
  1113.  @kurttrzeciak8326  a number recorded interviews, again, something I will be covering later in the restoration :)
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  1114. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1115. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1116. As I've explained on the channel before, I use KMS to ensure no confusion between the WW1 and prior German ships and WW2 ships of the same name. Use of KMS or DKM is an accepted shorthand for historians, although whether you use one, the other or neither varies on the scholar.
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  1117. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1118. That's not a bad idea, I'll put that out on next weeks Drydock Episode to gauge interest.
    19
  1119. Fixed :)
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  1120. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    19
  1121.  @mikepette4422  trial speed can be higher than service speed depending on the ship
    19
  1122.  @diegoferreiro9478  there are a few versions of that test around, this one was the one I found slightly more commonly referenced in the better sources
    19
  1123. Go for it!
    19
  1124. You might find him mentioned when I get to Part 3 :D
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  1125. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1126. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1127. They main thing I have against the Type 1934s is the sheer number of things they got wrong. Later German destroyers were flawed, but the list of major flaws was shorter.
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  1128. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1129. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1130. Yep, I was in British Marauders for several years, hello!
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  1131. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1132. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1136. There is some suggestion that the Spanish Admiral didn't want stray shot landing on civilians in the town, and the forts were built to protect the town, so being I'm range of them meant being in range of the town as well. Given the accuracy on both sides, he probably saved a lot of collateral damage.
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  1137. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1138. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1139.  @davidburton2229  yep
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  1140. That's how I'd spell it but the YT autocorrect was annoying me so I gave in.
    19
  1141. This is true, although not all transmissions relating to naval ops were made in the new codes, so there was some signals Intel available :)
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  1142. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1143. Just to clarify, I was referring to the entire operation under the more widely known title of "Bombardment of Scarborough"
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  1144. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1145. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1147. Ironically a massive coincidence, check some of the older videos, these two have been on the list for ages.
    19
  1148. I did a full 1hr 30+ video about Bismarck's final voyage and end, this is a five minute guide :)
    19
  1149. I might follow up with deep dives into specific aspects of his career like this :)
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  1150. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1154.  @Dave_Sisson  funny thing was when the British Pacific Fleet showed up, an extensive and immediate illicit trade in the two substances sprang up the minute any substantial formation of British and US ships were operating together. :)
    18
  1155. I did indeed :)
    18
  1156. We kept a count of ammo but generally the fight didn't last long enough for it to be a concern.
    18
  1157.  @HenriFaust  that subject is guaranteed to make me rant even more angrily than Admiral Gensoul.
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  1158. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1159. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1160. More precisely, a predatory DRM company with no right to the song started claiming it, but short of a full on multinational lawsuit there was no way to get them to stop, so I switched instead.
    18
  1161. Old age or the end of the world will probably get me first 😀
    18
  1162.  @MerrimanDevonshire  the period accounts call it Republican, it's my understanding that the 'Democratic-Republican' label was applied later to distinguish it from the newer and current Republican party.
    18
  1163. Both Iowa and New Jersey fired multiple salvos at her, and records and photos of the sinking show holes in the hull consistent with a number of different calibre's including 16 inch.
    18
  1164. Sorry, fixed!
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  1165. Seems you were right, demonetised literally the moment it was made public :(
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  1166. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1170. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1171. I'll be correcting the photo file name ASAP :)
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  1172. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1173. Can add her to the list.
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  1174. Thash a verrrlly, gud idiea... [Collapse on the floor]
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  1175. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1176. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1177. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1179. I've linked a fixed version in the pinned post :)
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  1180.  @charlesbaker7703  pretty much. :D
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  1181. Would you mind dropping me a message with a reference for the ship being offered to the USSR as opposed to being demanded? Just like to update sources and references where I can :)
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  1182. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1183. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1184.  @Morbeus3WasTaken  on paper the Spanish battleship would've crushed Olympia had she tried to fight. In practice it would probably be more down to if the Spanish gunnery was as bad in their home fleet as overseas.
    18
  1185. Naval designers had already started thinking about it as a number of ironclads already had ran bows. Affondatore was even specifically designed for the purpose, although ironically ended up not actually ramming anyone.
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  1186.  General.E.Shady  there are no cartoons in this video? 😥
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  1187. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1188. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1189. Yeah, it's a bad habitnim trying to get rid of.
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  1190. Apologies if it came across overly harsh. I also had relative in bombers during the war. Nobody should question their bravery. However, the RAF bombing accuracy in the 1940's at night was in the region of "within 5-10 miles of the target". That's not the fault of the crews, but rather that technology just wasn't there. The later development of ground mapping radar, radio guidance and the Pathfinders amongst others greatly helped this issue.
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  1191. Yep, replacing or supplementing 3" or 4" that the subs already had
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  1192. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1193. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1194. Give this man sixteen quantloos!
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  1196. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1197. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1199. That's not something the should have a mere 15 seconds. The plan is to cover that in more detail when I can do a longer video on the sinking.
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  1200. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1201. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1202.  @ericadams3428  Not at all :) It was a general comment about the lack of research on some groups, as you mention :)
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  1203. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1204. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1205.  @skywise001  no, I actually really admire him, what gives you the impression I don't?
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  1206. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1207. William Holt it's a bit of a debate amongst naval historians. Gloire entered service first but was really more of a wooden warship woth iron plate added on in design. Warrior was designed from the start as an iron framed ship with an iron hull and wood backed iron armour. Because of this she is considered to be the first 'true' ironclad as she also introduced a number of features such as the citadel, seen on all future such vessels.
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  1208. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1209. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1210. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1211. The main question would be exactly when the HSF attacked, there wasn't any single day when the whole BEF was at sea. Attack earlier and you get more troops, a little later and more of the ships will be carrying supplies.
    17
  1212. That'll have it's own video eventually :)
    17
  1213.  @rictusmetallicus  the channel is aimed at people at all levels of understanding. KMS/DKM is semi-widely used to distinguish WW2 era German ships, so I have it as an easy way for newer viewers to recognise its a WW2 era ship instead of a WW1 era vessel.
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  1214. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1215. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1216. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1217. Sure, if such ships are requested :)
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  1218. If a shell hit the bridge or in the area we rolled for the bridge crew to see if they died in the explosion :)
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  1219. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1220. It's a Corsair 1000D :)
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  1221. Hazards of recording late at night :)
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  1222. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1223.  @bkjeong4302  the USN managed it so I see no reason why the Germans couldn't also have pulled it off given enough time, assuming they didn't go down the old "make everything as complex as possible" route.
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  1224. One Polish destroyer was part of the all-night attack on Bismarck before KGV and Rodney engaged, it spent a considerable amount of time trolling the Germans by flashing "I am a Pole" at them via Morse code on their signal lamp. Will add any suggestions there onto the list if not there already :)
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  1225. We have previously covered the WW1 Scharnhorst class :)
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  1226. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1227. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1228. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1229. Lovely man, very happy to talk, the more esoteric the question the better.
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  1230. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1231. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1232. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1233. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1234. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1235. Unfortunately my English keyboard doesn't believe in umlauts or the B&S combo :(
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  1236. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1237. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1238. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1239. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1240. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1241.  @markmorganakathekosherham1838  why not both? :D
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  1242. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1243. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1244. I believe she's on the list.
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  1245. The hunting groups were part of escort activities, just more remote from the convoys :)
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  1246. Pinned post for Q&A :) - EDIT: Apologies for a few odd audio artifacts, sometimes trans-atlantic digital connections don't function 100% :D
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  1247. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1248. I'm sure you can explain in detail why?
    16
  1249. Wednesday 😀
    16
  1250. The fallback plan initially called for the fleet to move the Canada, but yes, there were plans.
    16
  1251. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1252. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1253. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1254. Can do
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  1255. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1256.  @timothytan4257  soon (tm)
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  1257. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1258. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1259. The octuple pom-pom had 140 rounds per gun, so the mount had 1,120 rounds aboard. Belt feed would keep the gun going long enough for an attack to be over. The ships that used them carried over average 2.5k to 3.5k rounds per gun in the magazines. So a theoretical gatling 20mm that replaced an Octuple pom pom could have 20,000k rounds available for a mission.
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  1260. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1261.  Golden Eagle  we have outlines of each ship class divided into various areas, a hit is randomly assigned to an area via dice role if it is not already allocated by some other rule
    16
  1262. Pip Squeak is a psuedo-IFF, it needs a few more steps and isn't 'pingable', but it's the last step before a true IFF. :)
    16
  1263. Let the crew know a package is incoming for them 😀
    16
  1264. Have to remember that for next time. Got a bit carried away trying not express my opinions on Beatty in a family friendly format.
    16
  1265. I'll be in Mr Fletcher's queue :)
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  1266. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1268. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1270. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1271. Hail Hydra
    16
  1272. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1273. I would imagine this was probably brought in as part of the upgrades in the 1900's, which would partially contribute to the increase in fire rate.
    16
  1274. The idea was that even if a ship sailed between mines the chain would drag them into contact with the ship, although in this case it has practically the effect you described. :)
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  1275. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1276.  @VersusARCH  I blame the Crimean War! :D
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  1277. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1278. Working on it for the summer with luck!
    15
  1279. True, albeit the Serian is high performance exception to the general rule. The raiders that did have floatplanes generally didn't use catapults for the reasons of disguise as I mentioned :)
    15
  1280.  @RelativeGalaxy7  very true :p
    15
  1281. The Germans almost ended up with similar in the Graf Zeppelin :)
    15
  1282.  @gunner678  there are a number tests and studies done in the 1850's-1860's regarding wooden backed Vs unpacked armour. Can dig them back out if you want.
    15
  1283. Yep, [Exit Stage Left - 16 inch shells]
    15
  1284. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    15
  1285. Sure, I'll add it to the list of specials to do
    15
  1286. It has the wonderful qualities of not being able to hit the attacker until its dropped its payload, its sights and vibration mean you'll almost certainly miss your first few shots, then you have to reload, by which time the aircraft in question has probably flown away.
    15
  1287. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1288. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1289. If you'd like me to digitise and ID them and send them back appropriately organised into an album is be happy to do so, just drop me a line by email or on Discord. :)
    15
  1290. Someone needs to update the image of their seal then, because it looked like a beaver to me! :D Apologies to the Badger state!
    15
  1291. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1292. Sure why not :)
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  1293. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1294. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1295. Upon my 5th try to explain which ship I was asking for I accidentally summoned an Eldritch Horror, only by rapidly reading out an Ikea catalogue was I able to summon an opposing creature to defeat it. After that, it seemed safe to leave it out :p
    15
  1296. I quite like the design actually, but I don't buy into the overegging of the design found in some quarters. Their speed and armament is excellent, their seakeeping and armour is less so, although they did the best they could with the armour layout.
    15
  1297. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1298. Currently still in dispute, if nothing changes it'll be free of restrictions 28 days after the originally intended release date :)
    15
  1299.  @99IronDuke  the full RAN report after the wreck was found reckoned most of the crew in the upper part of the ship were dead or wounded by the end, the fire would trapped and/or accounted for more. Most of the boats and floats would've been smashed and the ship would have gone from afloat to sunk pretty quick when it broke apart. Past that, it would've been sheer blind luck if any remaining survivors lasted long enough or drifted in the right direction.
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  1300. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1301. In some parts the Amazon is actually deeper that early submarines crush depths. :D
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  1302. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1303.  @MegaloHorse  Two main reasons, 1) I grew up with Imperial measures so I'm used to them, 2) I try to have continuity of measurements across the videos, if I do some exclusively in Imperial, others exclusively in metric, it makes comparing them harder, and double-counting everything in both is annoying :D Hope that helps :)
    15
  1304.  @tonyk8592  1:6000 :)
    15
  1305. Had to remove a source and use others as some people don't understand the concept of citation and scream about it.
    15
  1306. The Schleiswig Wars will have their own video at some point :)
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  1307. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1308. American warships in every major war up to and including at least World War 2 seem to start out with appalling gunnery that later gets ironed out through battle and/or wartime training. Not sure exactly why, possibly due to Congress cutting funding so much between the wars.
    15
  1309.  @vipertwenty249  Wikipedia forbids original research, it doesn't matter if you can list a half dozen archive documents to back up the change, they won't accept it if it isn't published.
    15
  1310. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1311. Not entirely, I'm still disputing with the company in question but I've also managed to reach the artist themselves, so hopefully will be sorting it out with them directly.
    15
  1312. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1313. I can neither confirm nor deny any plans for space based weaponry 😀
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  1314. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1316. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1317. It would be an excellent ship at 35kt displacement and a good ship at 38kt displacement. But when you manage to get 'broadly comparable with treaty era battleships' and it takes a light cruiser worth of extra displacement to do so, then the design is poor. To be clear, the ship itself may still be formidable, but it's not been well designed.
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  1318. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1319. There are a number of reasons given in various sources, on of the better ones to me is that a high second turret has better fire arcs aft than a high third (as it's closer to the superstructure), leaving a bit less of the rear arc uncovered.
    15
  1320. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1321.  @MarkJoseph81  leaving for this comimg Friday! :)
    15
  1322. Technically he wasn't on a ship :)
    15
  1323. There's evidence Beatty understood the range advantage, but as you indicated the range of overestimated, but during the actual engagement Beatty kept trying to press the range closer, then have to drop back again and again. Classic case of ideology vs pragmatism.
    14
  1324. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1325. There's a pair of much larger diesels up front :)
    14
  1326. Yep, I need a specific map avmbove my screen to remind me of this.
    14
  1327. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1328. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1329. I'm thinking of each month's 5 minute guides being loosely themed.
    14
  1330. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    14
  1331.  @emperordave3006  yep, Narvik was what the Allies dubbed the class
    14
  1332.  @5peciesunkn0wn  eventually, sure :)
    14
  1333. I've met jingles a few times, but when I see him again I will mention it.
    14
  1334. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1335. The previous repair ships had been Medusa, Bridgeport and Prometheus, and she was followed by Vulcan, Ajax and Hector, so aside from Bridgeport which was a converted war prize, they seemed to be going for a mostly Greek theme. :)
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  1336. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1337. Basically by listing them as podcasts as well people can listen with audio only. :)
    14
  1338. Yep, got the words around the wrong way, sorry!
    14
  1339. The British managed to reduce the strength of their own transmissions in the period, so it was possible to do :)
    14
  1340. From.what I can tell, Copenhagen was the hardest battle of Nelsons career, andnthe one he came.closest to losing :)
    14
  1341. Done :)
    14
  1342. Yeah, I have a half dozen books on the Inca, and they variously list the last Inca as Manco Inca, Manco Capac, Manco Inca Yupanqui, Tupac Yupanqui, Inca Yupanqui and Manco Yupanqui. In fact, none of them agree! :p Next time I'm over there I should probably ask people what they actually think the correct name is. :)
    14
  1343. Sure, Just got to find a good day weather-wise. :)
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  1344. Basically in order to get close enough to hurt Malaya they'd have to be close enough that any hits by Malaya would've badly hurt them in return, and anything that affected speed or seakeeping would make thme easy to catch and kill even if they won that particular fight.
    14
  1345. Tune in this weekend :)
    14
  1346. Yeah, I use KMS as its used by some historians, others use DKM, to distinguish the WW2 ships from others by the same name that were SMS
    14
  1347. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    14
  1348. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    14
  1349. Not so pinned post for book giveaway.
    14
  1350. I've been trying to boost the volume of the narrative itself. :)
    14
  1351. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    14
  1352. Yep, there's very specific and highly advanced engineering that goes into them, include absolute watertightness. :)
    14
  1353. I try :)
    14
  1354. I did say that the Standard type was what had introduced all-or-nothing armour, which of course started with the Nevada class. :)
    14
  1355. Thanks for catching that
    14
  1356. She needed 3 months of repairs, she sailed with what they could afford time-wise and so wasn't fully operational. Hence my comment that the damage caused 3 months worth of repairs, she didn't get them, but she needed them. At Midway the ship was abandoned as the captain and crew felt she was doomed after the aerial torpedo strike. She was later re-boarded and put under tow, which is when the submarine torpedoes arrived, but practically speaking she was dead after the aerial strike as I don't believe she would've made it back.
    14
  1357. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    14
  1358. Pinned post for Q&A :) EDIT: There are a fair number of comments about the Russian monitor 'Rusalka', this is why I noted Victoria is the only 'major' wreck to so (as a monitor is not a main fleet unit). :)
    14
  1359. No
    14
  1360. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    14
  1361. Huzzah!
    14
  1362. At the moment probably middle of next year. :)
    14
  1363. Pinned post for Q&A :) EDIT: the picture at 8:20 is not Surcouf, it slipped into the image collection at some unknown date. Apologies
    14
  1364. Should thrown a 'single' in there :p
    14
  1365. Yep, vid goes 'live' tommorow now :)
    14
  1366. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    14
  1367. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    14
  1368. If you are happy to help I am more than willing to do an update on 'alternate ways to pronounce some German ships':)
    14
  1369. As KPDubbs71 points out, the Patreon Drydocks come from questions submitted from a reward tier where the reward is literally a guaranteed question for the Drydock, outside of outright offensive or personal questions, I don't think I'd have much of a leg to stand on in randomly denying a question because it might sound a bit silly.
    14
  1370. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    14
  1371.  @nikujaga_oishii  the British Light Fleet carriers offered somewhat better capabilities than an Independence but needed far fewer crew, which made them attractive to smaller navies without a lot of personel
    13
  1372. Empire Total War I think
    13
  1373. Pinned post for Q&A :
    13
  1374. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    13
  1375. Yep, it is one of the best photos of the ship :)
    13
  1376. The secondary magazines were a bit of a mess to be honest, originally there was a 5.5" magazine next to the 15", then 'dead' space as far as explosives were concerned (stores etc), then the engine room. The advent of AA guns meant the dead space was turned into a 4" magazine and the removed of the 5.5" and the installation of more 4" led to the whole space between the machinery rooms and the 15" magazine becoming one larger 4" magazine.
    13
  1377. Some early ships had centre mounted guns, others staggered, the centre mounts forced longer propellor shafts and had limited arcs of fire, the staggered wing mounts meant you generally couldn't fire all your guns on a broadside, which meant you either had to carry more guns or accept having less actual firepower in a fight than an enemy with a more normal fore and act turret arrangement.
    13
  1378. Quite a few of his models are on the warship models channel on the Discord server, and I have permission to feature others in upcoming reviews :)
    13
  1379. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    13
  1380. I had assumed the question was about the bomber, and as the PBJ-1H was a shortened gunship I missed it out. That said, on reflection I should have included it.
    13
  1381. Roland Felice the British had a whole range of small coastal support ships whose stories are usually quite underappreciated except by those who benefited from their fire support.
    13
  1382. I'm posting them a little earlier during the lockdown so people have something to listen to :)
    13
  1383. It seems a slight evolution on Bismarck's protection in real life. So would likely have similar strengths and weaknesses.
    13
  1384. Apart from Patreon votes for the first of the month Guide (this is one of those), the others are strictly in liner order of request. :)
    13
  1385. The ballast admitted to compensate for the buoyancy of the upper hull and conning tower. :)
    13
  1386. In the old days a ship would be commissioned for a voyage with a relatively fixed crew, once that voyage ended the ship was 'paid off', ie all crew were given their relevant back pay and sent on to other duties (in the Age of Sail technically the non-officers were out of a job) and the ship was taken in hand for refit/repair/reserves. They'd then put together a new crew when she was ready to go back out to sea again.
    13
  1387. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    13
  1388. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    13
  1389. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    13
  1390. True, but as others have highlighted the Mk10 still had problems, namely a tendency to run deep. :)
    13
  1391. Yep, Rio was officially Ottoman by the time of seizure and never saw South American waters, where as Canada/Latorre would eventually end up in South American hands.
    13
  1392. They are sometimes the only decent drawings of certain concept ships
    13
  1393. I believe the modern scholarship suggests a 'ten' or a 'twenty' probably still only had 3-4 banks of oars but each row had 10/12/20 rowers spread between them, so the oars and the ships would've been larger and more powerful.
    13
  1394. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    13
  1395. Prince Phillip is considered a god by a tribe in the Pacific.
    13
  1396. Had a proper lapel mic and ran the whole sound file through equalising and levelling software.
    13
  1397. You mean from the intro?
    13
  1398. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    13
  1399.  @rodrigogascagomez5190  I tried to give different visual by using different deck colours. I will try and see if my eyes will withstand painting tiny RN and HSF flags another 250 times! 😁
    13
  1400.  @kreol1q1q  One person who survived a hit where a battleship grade conning tower was hit by a 6 inch cruiser shell compared it to being inside a giant bell when it's rung.
    13
  1401. Hello, thanks for the reply. The sources I have state that the two were never recommissioned into the USN after being brought back to CONUS. They were reclassified in various roles but don't appear to have been on active service. Happy to be shown sources of them doing otherwise though. But I will admit the wording is a little imprecise, as my US carrier history book lumps "repair and recommissioned" as one thing, which then makes it sound like they weren't even repaired, which they were as you mention. Apologies for any potential ambiguity.
    13
  1402. It's the Nimitz who can Turn Back Time. :p
    13
  1403. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    13
  1404. I can't speak for all Brits obviously, but my personal view has been that on the one hand it started the Pacific part of the war several months too early for the British war effort, but on the other it basically kicked the USA from 0 to 120% effort so that kinda balanced things out.
    13
  1405. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    13
  1406. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    13
  1407. Sure
    13
  1408. It's basically the equivilant of taking a heavyweight boxer into a middleweight league and only getting mixed results instead of dominating.
    13
  1409. It's on the list, a bit of way down, but there nonetheless!
    13
  1410. @zoranocokoljic8927  pay and inflation didn't move all that much in the mid to late 19th century. This was one of the reasons there were occasional disputes over naval pay, a law would be passed fixing pay at a certain rate and that would be decent for 2-3 decades or more, but a lifetime later prices had shifted just enough that an ables seaman's take home wage wasn't quite enough to support a family and there would be discontent until a new law was passed. As opposed to today where you need wage rises each year.
    13
  1411. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    13
  1412.  @Maty83.  sure :)
    13
  1413. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    13
  1414. The first one was theoretically better for balance but being so small would probably still have had issues. The larger designhad more displacement to absorb motion so overall would have been better in rough seas despite the greater top-weight.
    13
  1415. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    13
  1416.  @GoonMcGoonerson  I have a video on the 8-8 plan early next year
    12
  1417. Sure :)
    12
  1418. Pinned Post #5 (!) for giveaway
    12
  1419. Regia Nave - Royal Ship, was what I could find as the prefix/title for pre-1946 Italian ships
    12
  1420. Pinned post for Q&A :) EDIT: well done to all those who spotted the chart of US battleships has South Dakota and North Carolina names the wrong way around.
    12
  1421. Thing is, he has a full package of Vals prepped specifically, according to IJN accounts, to deal with warships if they find them. Launching a balanced strike package including Kates and Zeroes means significantly delaying things and hoping the FAA doesn't just shoot down his recon aircraft. It's possible he might delay, but it goes sgainst why the Vals were prepped and might cost the chance to strike.
    12
  1422. It depends how honourable you think the other sides submarine commander is.
    12
  1423. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    12
  1424. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    12
  1425.  @Peorhum  a lot of destroyers could keep pace with a fast troop transport in a flat calm, but destroyers quickly lose speed if the weather gets rough, and the Grom classes speed meant it could also drop behind and/or pull ahead in good time to investigate a sighting.
    12
  1426. I have plans for a big special on the South American Dreadnought arms race, which will cover them :)
    12
  1427. The I-400 class were designed to conduct air strikes but not specifically against the Panama Canal, that plan was generated well after they were built late in the war.
    12
  1428.  @Jon.A.Scholt  I've noticed in the past few days views on all recent videos have mysteriously almost flat-lined. My RPM rate (how much YT pays me) also dropped dramatically for about a month after I made my public complaint about their review system. I guess it's possible they've put me on some kind of 'shadow ban' system in revenge. But I don't have any direct proof.
    12
  1429.  @b1laxson  https://youtu.be/RiVmLk6JzNg
    12
  1430. Yes I did, thanks for catching that :)
    12
  1431. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    12
  1432. Partially it was to retrieve copper, brass and iron fittings, and also the better condition timbers for reuse.
    12
  1433. @UNSCForwardontodawn the big battle videos take a lot of time to prepare, so I'm currently considering what the next one should be. I'm leaving towards a series on the various battle's of Savo Island. Or maybe the various battle's of Narvik.
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  1434. I don't think YouTube likes me :)
    12
  1435. This was during the period they were officially allies.
    12
  1436. If you don't like the fact that significant German troops were involved in the upgrading and manning of the Dardanelles forts, they you don't like factual history and prefer nationalistic chest-thumping. Perhaps then this channel isn't the best place for you.
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  1437. Trawler speed with sweeps deployed was about 4-5 knots 😀
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  1438. No, plenty of those to come, this one is ahead of schedule to promote the Hampton Roads commemoration day at the museum :)
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  1439. Thankyou for the correction, the source I used for Tsushima stated: "With the evacuation of every officer above the rank of midshipman, the ship was effectively abandoned to the mercies of the Japanese." I interpreted that to mean the IJN would have taken control of the ship, but this appears to be incorrect. My apologies.
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  1440. As mentioned, it's a nod to the channel origins, I ran a poll a little while back and the majority voted to keep it 😀
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  1441. At shallow depth one would be the detonator locking into place, the other would be the striker firing. Depending on the exact model, it could also be the striker priming and then firing.
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  1442.  @mikebronicki6978  given the distance she had to travel, the stress that travel puts on a ruptured hull, the relatively minimal effect that the various efforts up to that point had made on the list, etc, I don't think the ship would have survived the journey. The party on board would not have been doomed through, there were ships in attendance and it wouldn't have just rolled over and sank all of a sudden, more likely would be either travel, weather, bulkheads failing or a combination of the above would have accelerated the flooding to the point it would be clear she couldn't be saved and they'd evacuate as the crew did the at first.
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  1443. I think I spoke too fast, I was saying 'six 105mm guns'. :p
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  1444.  @karlvongazenberg8398  correct :)
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  1445. There were also some 'unfortunate' incidents in the 19th century where people tried saluting with their normal armament and got the "did we load this or not?" question a bit wrong :p
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  1446. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1447. rly nis I had a feeling I might get some the German names a bit wrong :(
    12
  1448. Stay tuned, I have a much better video for that. :)
    12
  1449. Considering my family is from the Lincolnshire/Yorkshire borders, nothing whatsoever :)
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  1450. Good call re: the Atlanta's, I'm so used to seeing them in their later war fits covered in 20mm and 40mm I forgot the first models did come with torpedoes :)
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  1451. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1452. I covered the Free French naval forces a bit in this past weeks special, but I could schedule a more in-depth discussion on the French Navy in WW2 for a later special?
    12
  1453.  @diestormlie  "If they went this way our best Intel suggest dragons or Kraken, possibly both, and maybe some French"
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  1454. It's one of the things that makes them so interesting, they mean almost nothing and almost everything at the same time :)
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  1455. Yeah, i have a few :)
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  1456. I tried to scan the relevant pages but the poor book is so fragile I couldn't do it without badly damaging it
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  1457. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1458. I know Tirpitz has the most aerial photos like this, but this is a Panzerschiffe, notice two main turrets, not four, and three guns per turret, not two. :)
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  1459. I'd have to do the Tiger class cruisers first, I always cover the class first, then specific ships within a class.
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  1460.  @doriansoergel8160  they tried, but part of the issue was that Germany was limited to ports that were largely in range of the RAF, whereas the RN could base out of more northerly ports that were both difficult for the Luftwaffe to get to and involved running past most of the UK. So their raids were less common and less effective than the Allied efforts.
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  1461. But you will need to grow a beard of power :)
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  1462. I believe that's USS Manley, formerly DD-74 but at this point APD-1
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  1463. That what you get for recording at 0130 in the morning :D
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  1464.  @brendonbewersdorf986  most of the combat capable Spanish ships were either off with the treasure fleet or had been part of the Spanish Armada and were still refitting (if they'd survived)
    11
  1465. It's labelled as such, and pictures of it and it's class are so rare, I had to use something. At some point I might find a better picture :)
    11
  1466. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    11
  1467.  @connormclernon26  watch this space in about a month :)
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  1468. Jpdillon Ugg try April Fool. #)
    11
  1469. Enjoy - https://youtu.be/t-_ExMo0g-s
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  1470.  @JohnSmith-jj2yd  depending on the fleet and urgency, anywhere from 12 to 18 knots. The main problem was that the subs were expected to be there on the front lines when battle was joined, so a fleet sub that would be left behind when the fleet went to full speed would never reach the battle unless the captain was also a prophet 😀
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  1471. Close range gunnery duelling with a ship three times your displacement tends to have a motivating effect for most people with a sense of survival :D
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  1472.  @glennricafrente58  on paper yes the Crowns are lesser ships, but in a light cruiser duel I tend to think first hits matter more and the Crowns as built would have that capacity. Of course, and updated Town with the same equipment would so better still, but then you get into the field of picking years arbitrarily, which can make it too easy to rig the field
    11
  1473. The flip side is that you have officers who have spent a decade and a half referring to the Kongo's one way which is distinct from the other capital ships. Some of them seem to have continued this in correspondence after the official deletion of the term.
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  1474. Quite often in conversions the coal bunkers would be refitted to oil bunkers.
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  1475. The weird thing is the full night rumble has the IJN destroyers outnumbered and outgunned by Somervilles combined destroyer and light cruiser force, who are trained for night fighting, which means any Long Lance's are potentially expended in the clash of light forces unless in the chaos some destroyers slip through to sight the capital ships.
    11
  1476. Yep, small correction I need to make
    11
  1477. Unauthorised History of the Pacific War
    11
  1478. Don't worry, we will cover her when I get around d to dealing with ironclad development
    11
  1479. Never underestimate bureaucracy
    11
  1480. They are torpedo net support booms, folded away for transit at sea
    11
  1481. @mihaiserafim  it seemed the most likely naval conflict, apart from Japan and the US nobody had a navy.capable of troubling the RN, the US was mostly unlikely to start anything but Japan was known to have Imperial ambitions that overlapped with areas the UK either wanted or already had.
    11
  1482. @timschoenberger242  hence why I was careful to say they fought the battle with the listed ships, as opposed to the entire fleet composition :)
    11
  1483. Ah, I shall re-answer in next week's episode!
    11
  1484. Thanks very much for your input! Initially I wanted to go with purely the official foundation of the IJN to the start of the Sino Japanese War, but extended it back to the 1850's to explain where the ships present in 1871 had come from. I therefore treated the Domain warships as a sort of separate group, which although as you mentioned have a line of development, for me fell out of the IJN proper. In some ways it's a bit like where to start with a history of the RN, some.start with Alfred even though until the Tudors there wasn't really anything you could properly call a Royal Navy, even if the King did own some ships at times, but at the same time there were plenty of medieval English Fleets :)
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  1485. Hello, thanks for the detailed feedback: A few clarifications: -Huascar's activity did delay Chilean operations since the imports of equipment needed for the Chilean army were delayed by the ships marauding, and the offensive would need supply and support from the sea, which could not be guaranteed until a plan was in place to deal with the errant ironclad. -Iquique; most of the details you mention were covered, the main point being the relative imperviousness of the ironclads armour. -Angamos; Huascar was directly engaged by two ships, the others being part of the battle but not directly dealing with Huascar. Do you have a source for the Conchrane being penetrated? The available accounts I have and the data on the Armstrong 300lb gun suggest such a thing is relatively unlikely.
    11
  1486. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    11
  1487. The latter one one should've been the 1950s, I misspoke whilst recording
    11
  1488. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    11
  1489. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    11
  1490. Pinned post for Q&A :)
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  1491. Hello, you are correct about the timing of the belt refit. Unfortunately given the need for brevity I had to incorporate the collective half-dozen or so refits between launch and the early '20's into a couple of sentences. With regards to the donor material, Cochranes total 9 inch coverage is less that the total area of the two Renown's 9 inch coverage, so combined with the different hull forms I suspect they used the midships belt material for Cochrane and supplemented with new and/or recycled materials towards the ends. So by surface area Cochrane was probably the primary donor, but not solely responsible.
    11
  1492. Personally, I do not unfortunately, however, I know several people who are close friends who have been/are in the navy, and a family history of naval (and other) millitary service.
    11
  1493. Nolnogax well aren't you a little barrell of sunshine? If one 'does the research' one finds that various authors assign either DKM of KMS to German ships of WW2 for convenience to help identify then, although there was no official prefix at the time. The same is true of the Japanese Navy of the period. Nevertheless, it is a valid choice used by modern historians to help the audience in ship identification, and one which I choose to maintain.
    11
  1494.  @MattVF  Yep, took hours to do the sweep upstream and minutes to go the other way. 😀
    11
  1495.  @sobersubmrnr  she was lost in battle with them but although damaged the combat ended when, in attempting to reach Guadalcanal or escape, she ran aground.
    11
  1496.  @snebbywebby2587  basically if you have multiple funnels in a line then when you turn one or more will look larger and/or obscure the one behind it, or at the very past the apparent distance between them will change. That gives a good idea what way the ship is pointing. With a single funnel that doesn't happen because there is no common reference.
    11
  1497. I feel there needs to be some kind of easily recognisable designation so people can tell what nation a ship is at a glance. I tried HIJMS but people reacted badly to that.
    11
  1498.  @Kevin_Kennelly  extended and additional shifts with more workers at the yards thanks to wartime acceleration of construction
    11
  1499. You have peer-reviewed books/evidence that contradict the sources I listed in the video description I presume?
    11
  1500. "In the day when the waters had well-nigh overwhelmed us, our brother here departed, apprehending the creative power in man, set himself to the task to conquer the malice of the enemy. In our hour of need he was the doughty protector of them that sailed the seas on our behalf. His heart and his mind extended and expanded to the utmost tiring of the body even unto death; that he might discover and operate means of saving ships from the treacherous foes. Truly many, very many, were saved because he was not disobedient to his vision. Victory has been won and should be won by such as he. May there never be wanting in this realm a succession of men of like spirit in discipline, imagination and valour, humble and unafraid. Not dust, nor the light weight of a stone, but all the sea of the Western Approaches shall be his tomb." -Admiral Max Horton at the funeral service of Captain Walker
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  1501. It was a dead heat this month!
    11
  1502.  @SonOfAB_tch2ndClass  over time yes, the big battle reports take a long time to properly research. :)
    11
  1503. Thanks, was wondering exactly how it was said, I did try and look it up buy found several competing ideas.
    11
  1504.  @WALTERBROADDUS  It'll come eventually, recently got a couple of books that really go into it in-depth. :)
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  1505. They didn't want the British inspecting the ship and possibly learning its secrets.
    11
  1506. We can't even agree within the UK on the way words are supposed to sound
    11
  1507.  @robertkelley3437  Warlord Games
    11
  1508. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    11
  1509. The Ottoman Navy was separate, the Barbary States were more like vassal kingdoms vaguely subject to Ottoman rule.
    11
  1510. Yes, but a physically much smaller powerplant to allow for room for AA magazines etc, and still managed to gain half a knot despite the extra displacement and new TDS.
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  1511. I'm perfectly fine with it :D
    11
  1512. There was a whole film done from the Grand Fleet of the Jutland fighting that failed to either develop or be stored properly depending on which account you believe.
    11
  1513. Hence why Nimitz defended Doenitz. Technically against the rules but in the end everyone did it. I don't think Doenitz should've been prosecuted for it on the same grounds Nimitz defended him on
    11
  1514. Upeka Fernando basically because all sides recognised that an arms race would be ruinously expensive and when one side was about to be for ed to drop out from economic pressure it would almost certainly lead to war as that country would throw everything into a few finally super ships then fight rather than permanently be demoted from the top powers. Plus the waste that would result from even the the latest WW1 designs would be obsolete. A Queen Elizabeth, Tennessee or Ise would be so much target practice for a South Dakota or N3.
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  1515. Decent breech-loaders were actually developed in the UK relatively soon after the early failures, and then exported widely, but the higher-ups had been scared off by the initial problems and stuck to specifying muzzle loaders even when ships of similar spec were leaving the same yards to foreign customers with superior breech loaders :D
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  1516. I believe the amazing powers of Thunderstruck were not unleashed upon humanity until 1990, back in '84 they would have had to use 'Eye of the Tiger', which has a slower beat, leading to slower work output :p
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  1517. Possibly, although if they knew the full details they might be better off dusting down the J or K class BC designs, the N3's would have the firepower and armour but be far too slow. A J or K could lose a few knots for a bit more protection and still compete speed-wise, but more likely would be a new design based on those.
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  1518. Albert Bondoc damn, that made it in? Someone was typing in the next room during recording. Didn't think it would carry.
    11
  1519. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    11
  1520. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    11
  1521. Better training in night fighting and the poor overall visibility.
    11
  1522. "Somewhere in this ocean, maybe"
    11
  1523.  @u.s.s.laffeydd-7245  was planning to on my US trip before vivid cancelled it
    11
  1524.  @LazyLifeIFreak  I think it's trying to balance against the microphone volume, which I turned up a few videos back when people were saying my voice was too quiet
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  1525. I may have been unintentionally influenced by the Dunedain of Lord of the Rings! :D
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  1526. Yeah, it's actually from fitting out in the late 1910s but it's a really good shot of a D class in Dock, plus there aren't too many decent quality pictures of them in the late ww2 period
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  1527. That was his story and he was sticking to it
    11
  1528. A variety of places, there was an article in Warship 2006 about them, and Friedman's books on British and American cruisers of WW2 refers to them (and the 9.2 inch British cruiser concept). There are a couple of other general naval histories that have aspects of the class described as well. But to be honest outside of stuff in Russian the Warship 2006 article probably has the most detail.
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  1529. Those were the dead from the three torpedo strikes.
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  1530. Indeeed
    11
  1531. Actually it's almost entirely from Evans and Peatties book "Kaigun", as well as "Axis battleships", which are pretty much the only readily available comprehensive sources about the ships. That in turn means any description of the ships is going to be very similar, especially in summary form.
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  1532.  @Cholin3947  yeah, but it only applies if people know you're doing it 😀
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  1533. That what you get for recording at 0130 in the morning :D
    10
  1534. The USN's carriers usually had spares aboard to keep front line operations going a bit longer, and would then cycle back for a new set of aircraft. Later in the war they'd overstock carriers heading out to restock carriers already there if they were still needed on the frontline
    10
  1535. Later in the war the Allies abandoned attempts to support Hitler's assassination because they were worried someone more suited to command would take over.
    10
  1536. The Russo Japanese War skewed towards that ratio after Tsushima, older conflicts like the Napleonic Wars went higher if you exclude losses to weather and look at combat only.
    10
  1537. That must've been fun!
    10
  1538. There's a really good article in Warship 2022 about their origins :)
    10
  1539. Did a video on that already :)
    10
  1540. It is, the shio was in US hands after the war
    10
  1541. It would've been cool from a warships perspective, but it also would've probably added hundreds more casualties to a war that was being fought largely because the Argentinian junta just wanted to up their popularity scores.
    10
  1542. First, thanks for taking the time to write out so much detail. With regards to the damage Seydlitz suffered at Jutland, the source for Seydlitz's condition after fighting 5th BS comes from the Royal Navy Museum, Portsmouth, and a lecture conducted there a couple of years ago by a panel of naval historians that I was able to attend and also from Tarrant's book on the German perspective of Jutland. By 2100 she'd had two hours to pump out water since the withdrawal from the BCF/5th BS fight, whereas her own crew attest that of the remaining unbreached sections of the ship, a hit that opened any single one would've doomed them c.1900-1930. It's condition was somewhat recovered by later in the battle due to damage control efforts. With regards to the Seydlitz sinking, it was brought back into port only with the assistance of other ships aiding in the pumping out. Once those ships left it settled in harbour, as it had been unable to keep up with the flooding on its own for quite a while. Thus it 'sank', albeit in a perfectly recoverable position. With regards to the damage sustained at Dogger Bank, Seydlitz did have anti-flash doors prior to the battle, but they were designed and added to in the aftermath. The video doesn't contradict Campbell's account and indeed is based on it. With regards to the BCF safeties being removed and their relevance to the loss of the ships, there was a full report made after Jutland apart from the train of correspondence you indicated, and that report goes into fair detail about the reasons for losses and the procedures that needed to be taken. Every formal report the RN made in regards to the matter is fairly consistent on this subject and as a weight of evidence is fairly convincing. Lion survived the battle, which in itself is a vindication of it's superior safety procedures, as no safety system is 100% proof against damage, but exist to mitigate the effects to a point where ultimate disaster can be averted. Additionally, the safety systems took the brunt of the original hit (similar to that which killed the other lost BC's) and preserved the ship in that circumstance, which vindicates the procedures when followed correctly. The later fire flare-up was an example of other procedures (surrounding the forward storage of ammo) not being followed correctly. As regards the concentration on Queen Mary, it was not the arrival of 5th BS that enabled this, I was simply noting that the concentration of fire occurred at around the time 5th BS arrived. As for whether the German BC's count as fast battleships, as you say, difference of opinion there.
    10
  1543. ​ @w8stral the RN had already fought numerous night actions by 1942, and would continue to do so. As mentioned in the video a few months before this RN destroyers had snuck past patrolling IJN destroyers to go after troops hips using their night action training. To be fair they got caught on the way out, but for semi unrelated reasons.
    10
  1544. It's what happens sometimes when my voice starts to go :)
    10
  1545.  @ScrapyardApe  depended on the co dictionary of the ship, if it wasn't completely rotten out then a lot of the more specialist pieces would be reused where possible.
    10
  1546. I have a deep and abiding antipathy to those charged with the care of historical objects who then fail that duty. I also pulled no punches commenting on the British choice to sink the only other Trafalgar survivor in the late 1940's. And let's just say it's just as well the channel wasn't up and running when Cutty Sark caught fire...
    10
  1547. Take a holiday :D
    10
  1548.  @tewsgcdcfgechk908  she was sunk at tsushima
    10
  1549. It was very unpopular precisely because you had to go up and over if you wanted to move between bulkheads. Wonderful for watertightness, terrible for movement.
    10
  1550. Mrs Drach has agreed to a test game soon :)
    10
  1551.  @timgosling6189  somewhat counterintuitively, ships at speed lean out for a few moments at the start of a turn before leaning in.
    10
  1552. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    10
  1553. It does!
    10
  1554. I'm open to suggestions, I basically need an appropriate prefix to allocate to Soviet ships for ease of reference for viewers.
    10
  1555. You can destroy armoured concrete with marshmallow if you launch it fast enough.
    10
  1556. I'll give it a go :)
    10
  1557. This period was just after Percy Scott had gotten the RN back into serious gunnery drill :)
    10
  1558. It was part of it, but other American shipyards, with similar access to low price steel, also bid but couldn't come close to matching Fore Rivers price.
    10
  1559. So "Ree-ah-sh-ello"?
    10
  1560. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    10
  1561.  @mbryson2899  Thanks :) I could probably do the rest of it as it's an open source book these days, but it would take a while. Also, most of it would just have to be reading, adding the sound effects and getting the timing and volume levels right takes quite some time. I would of course throw some in where I can :)
    10
  1562. Hence the 'more or less' disclaimer :) Although to be fair if you take off the c.30 seconds of into, they usually come in at 5 mins +/- a minute, this one's a bit longer though, and Wednesday specials are uncapped in time. :)
    10
  1563. Different model of 14" :D
    10
  1564. Other German's seem to disagree
    10
  1565. True, but hydrophones were used as standalone passive detectors before the invention of active sonar, and after as well. :)
    10
  1566. I think it was in large part because Mountbatten wanted to get things done in the Pacific, which King also wanted. :)
    10
  1567. October
    10
  1568. They'd wanted 3 cruisers, gotten 2 and now needed a training ship as well. Couldn't afford both, but combine the two and you have a decent light cruiser that also trains your men :)
    10
  1569. Hence "including but not limited to" 😀
    10
  1570. Already done, albeit in the older robo-voice :)
    10
  1571. Dacres may have failed to board her, but I succeeded! :D
    10
  1572. I'd be glad to work with Sabaton, I might even be able to give them some ideas for a new music video :D Given Lindybeige also does HEMA occasionally, I might see if I can get in on the next FightCamp :D
    10
  1573. They were already doing that during Okinawa, didn't stop the kamikazes, Japan is too large for even the Allied fleet to fully suppress at landing stage.
    10
  1574. There were still plenty more capital ships under the White Ensign, it's just a QE, Nelson or Revenge couldn't catch Tirpitz to fight it.
    10
  1575. Gangut has I think been covered but in robo-voice so is in line for revoicing
    10
  1576. I think my microphone is dying, I have a replacement arriving tommorow
    10
  1577. I'm blocking them as fast as I can! 😅
    10
  1578. As I mentioned in the video, in 1913 there was a plan to pay for no less than three battleships of the QE class, and this was argued against on the grounds of expense. But one slightly bigger one would likely be approved, considering Australia and New Zealand paid for a battlecruiser each and the Malay States, far less flush for cash than Canada, paid for a single QE. At the time, with various US Congressmen demanding a navy 'Second to None' (Although refusing to pay for it), the US was definitely not seen as a neutral power in the early 1900's.
    10
  1579. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    10
  1580. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    10
  1581. Surprisingly often, although most commonly its lots of small changes and then suddenly you find that collectively they imply something major entirely different to previous understanding
    10
  1582. Not so pinned post for questions regarding Japanese pronunciation (James will answer where he can)
    10
  1583. I think it's probably because the dialect of English I've grown up with shortens 'sho' sounds quite a bit. It sounds like 'sho-kaku' to me, but apparently not to others 😀
    10
  1584.  @joshthomas-moore2656  early depth charges were overly powerful and a lot of early u-boats were quite small as compared to ww2 depth charges which were calibrated to be powerful but small enough to carry a lot, and the subs themselves went deeper and were far larger. :)
    10
  1585. Eventually :)
    10
  1586. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    10
  1587. Sorry, one slipped through the net :)
    10
  1588. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    10
  1589. I recently upgraded video making software, it may have thrown out the audio balance setting.
    10
  1590. It depends on how you measure the thickness, by purely the main belt it's just over 3 inches, if you include internal backing plates it's more. :)
    10
  1591. At that point the bow and stern were only notionally connected to each other and the ship had no power for pumps. She was barely making 3 knots with a tug and her outer shafts going before the last hit.
    10
  1592. Ah, but that means I have to come up with a name for it!
    10
  1593. It saved some space, and with belt armour even a 5% saving could be a thousand tons or more. One issue is that you need space between hot areas like machinery spaces and the magazines for obvious reasons. With all guns forward you only need one such gap instead of two.
    10
  1594. It was an minor issue but one that occurred less and was easier to solve on other 16 inch ships as the forward guns were generally a bit further from the before compared to the close packed nature of Nelson and the location of the third turret. Even on the Nelson, it was only a problem at certain angles. On Tomato there was an entire triple 6" turret between the bridge and nearest main turret.
    10
  1595. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    10
  1596. It's fairly easy to drown someone in room temperature brie compared with other cheeses :D
    10
  1597. I saw Kashima when visiting Belfast :)
    10
  1598. Good for you
    10
  1599. That'll be an interesting one!
    9
  1600. Well, feel free to lose the war 😀
    9
  1601. Sam Stewart it depends on which ship, some never-built ships have a lot of models for them, others few or none. With regards to speed, I suspect it was a combination of two things, firstly the aim for 32 instead of 33 knots, at high speed even 1 knot means a lot more power. Secondly because the Iowa was to a certain degree a stretched South Dakota the hull form was probably not perfect for high speeds, whereas G3 was designed for such speed from the start. It's notable that slight revisions to the later but never-built Iowa hulls were supposed to make them significantly more efficient at high speed.
    9
  1602. The biggest issues on the Nelson class guns were associated with the roller mounts, which had been built less massively and with lighter (and weaker) materials compared with the G3 spec. That's not to say there would not have been teething troubles, but I don't think they would have been as pronounced as they were on the Nelsons. With range, I tend to head towards the RN's way of thinking. Yes the IJN and USN practiced in peace-time for longer range engagements, but practically speaking in WW2 most engagements happened in the low 20k's of yards and down when they resulted in hits. Even relatively ideal training conditions with radar FCS an Iowa in late WW2 could only managed less than 3% accuracy at 30k yards against a target it's own size that was broadside on. Whereas at 20k yards it's just over 10%. In battle, hit rates would be even lower, but even by those results you're talking maybe one hit every 4-5 salvoes vs 1 hit per salvo. From the reports I've read on the Bismarck there were no findings of 16" shells not penetrating the belt, there are some 14" bounces from the turret/barbette area but all recorded 16" hits did considerable damage. Additionally, Bismarck was disabled at considerably longer range, the Rodney closed in to finish the ship at ~3k yards only after the main battery had been disabled. The primary issue was not the lack of the 16" effectiveness, but rather that the hits primarily came in at a shallow angle due to their speed, so most of the damage occurred above the waterline, which is very good for crippling a ship but not so good for sinking it. Note that even in a peacetime exercise the USS Iowa was unable to sink the USS Nevada by gunfire. It would appear that by WW2 most capital ships required either a magazine explosion or torpedoes to send them to the bottom. Note that every battleship sunk purely by gunfire in WW2 was a WW1 vintage ship, usually with relatively minimal armour by even late WW1 standards. :)
    9
  1603. Lexington was well loved but Wasp went down in spectacular style out of nowhere just when the US needed every flat-top they could get. :)
    9
  1604.  @Nkvik  please note I was very specific about mentioning that this was the first in the continuous line of development of AFV's and that other such vehicles had been made previously but had not continued development into other forms, this was drawn in deliberately contrast to the RNAS vehicles, experience with which directly informed the Landship Committee and hence the development of the tank. I am aware of earlier innovations, which is why I called attention to the continuity of development as opposed to claiming they were the first AFV's ever made.
    9
  1605. Collingwood is kinda F2 left a little too long in the mutating acid, bit that's about it. 😀
    9
  1606. Yep, working through them at one per month. :)
    9
  1607. 'The Grand Fleet' by DK Brown and 'British Battleships' by Norman Friedman are both good references.
    9
  1608.  @USSAnimeNCC-  just FYI, I've had quite a few sponsorship offers, this is the first I've actually taken, on the basis that some of their content actually aligns with the interests of channel viewers. :) Pretty sure nobody wants me shilling for mobile phone games and the like :D
    9
  1609. Seen it :)
    9
  1610. Hence why I said one or two. There was some debate when i was talking it through as to whether an investigation force would be the standard two, or if Nagumo would be cautious and keep more defence for his carriers as opposed to halve his heavy escorts. Hence the hedging of numbers in that case :)
    9
  1611. The night action assumes the Vals hit the cruiserd as historically
    9
  1612.  @QuadinarosLS  the invective is his own of course, but the timelines etc that he cites are from the following: https://web.archive.org/web/20121219024117/http://www.battleshiptexas.org/FAQ/FloodingQA.aspx https://tpwd.texas.gov/newsmedia/releases/?req=20101029b https://tpwd.texas.gov/state-parks/parks/battleship-texas-dry-berth-project The latter one is where the 'periodic catastrophic flooding' comes from.
    9
  1613.  @QuadinarosLS  most.of his information is taken straight from the TPWD website, given they are the ones in charge of the ship if you believe they are wrong as the person on the ground, you need to get them to change the info there to reflect the real situation.
    9
  1614. It's difficult to assess fully without a deep study as most all figured for the older guns used standard AP shells whilst the later ones used almost entirely Mk8 super heavies. But assuming they got an updated conventional shell, I believe the older guns would've been better anti-ship weapons at the battle ranges of WW2.
    9
  1615. It's a bit odd, normally a ship class is named for the first ship. But although Baden was laid down first, Bayern actually finished and commissioned first. So by 'first ordered' it's Baden class. By 'first in service' it's Bayern.
    9
  1616. 1) I pointed out the defences would need to be better organised. 2) I also pointed out that defeating THAT Japanese attack mightve been possible, but holding indefinitely is another matter. 3) USIng PoW's as described is straight from the testimony if Japanese soldiers who were there
    9
  1617. Clear enough for the report back to base to mention them.
    9
  1618. I'll probably still be hanging around!
    9
  1619. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    9
  1620. Essentially they got there first and weren't quite as evangelical about their interactions compared to the Portuguese
    9
  1621. They were surfaced though, as opposed to submerged subs hunting others of that kind
    9
  1622. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    9
  1623. Absolutely HORRIBLE comment, more boring than watching paint dry.
    9
  1624.  @Fulmir-  one is on the list
    9
  1625. The Lost Beaver the French pre-dreadnoughts of the 1890's. :)
    9
  1626. Once you get to those kinds of speed each knot needs huge increases in power. Also, thanks to the transom stern and a few other features Vanguard was somewhat better designed for efficient movement at high speed.
    9
  1627. Depends, how much had that Ensign annoyed his superiors that week? 😀
    9
  1628. Since neither implication is true, save their substandard initial armour, which was covered, no.
    9
  1629.  @thefilthycasual516  originally the breakdown of the German-Soviet alliance was supposed to be much longer down the line when the ship wouldn't have been relevant anymore.
    9
  1630.  @DERP_Squad  accounts of the time certainly indicate they were a major problem. The issue with a lot of modern 'tests' is they use light cannon with high velocity against relatively thin replicas of ships hulls. The splintering effect only really gets going with low velocity larger cannon balls punching through very thick wooden sides.
    9
  1631. Luckily a combination of proximity sensors and the building rapidly expanding on screen let me know in time! :D
    9
  1632. Well, it was the kind of service that makes your ISP think serious about suspending theirs...
    9
  1633. Have you ever seen us in the same room? :D
    9
  1634. It's footage of a Captain class frigate that was later part of 2nd Escort Group :)
    9
  1635.  @PNurmi  https://catalog.archives.gov/search?q=pearl%20harbor&tabType=video
    9
  1636. USS Puritan
    9
  1637. Oh absolutely, the Merlin idea is more now a wild shot in the dark to claw some power back using a contemporary engine that is in theory available, almost certainly unworkable in real life 😀
    9
  1638. Good morning, I based my initial assessment on the ships repair logs which indicated her patching in drydock finished in early June, followed by refloating and the start of upgrade work (including the reinstall of the main battery). Although there is a small error in that this upgrade work started in Pearl, not mainland USA.
    9
  1639.  @Colonel_Overkill  long distance where hits to deck armour are more likely, the 16"/45 has lower MV and thus the angle of fall for a given range will be steeper.
    9
  1640. Better for a longer video
    9
  1641. For the most part, the majority of the RN at that stage was quite happy to let William land. There are a lot ofthings that on paper they could've done to stop the landings that weren't done either through deliberate inaction or James appointees taking action more designed to maintain loyalty than counter outside threats.
    9
  1642. Giving people something to do during lockdown :)
    9
  1643. I think King had the same opinion in reverse :D
    9
  1644.  @murderouskitten2577  Not/Never Built
    9
  1645. It was quite the sight to behold. Everyone on the British side was getting suspicious as they could hear the other two scenarios being run at the same time engaging, and they'd done nothing but sail. Then they got reports from Tyrwhitt that the Thames force was being engaged by the HSF, checked their position, and rage ensured.
    9
  1646.  @RedXlV  don't ask me to make sense of it :D
    9
  1647. Winning battle's doesn't necessarily win wars :)
    9
  1648. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    9
  1649. As she's a ship past the time I cover, would you happen to know if her reactor was as sensitive as military reactors in terms of operational security? :)
    9
  1650. It will definitely be a recurring feature in the special videos on Wednesdays, not every week though as there are other topics that need covering in that format.
    9
  1651. There are in fact, Revenge was present in various incarnations at all three :)
    9
  1652. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    9
  1653. Experience showed to much potential for confusion in battle and peace.
    9
  1654. It's historically accurate to the period, just not the main KM ensign. As for why this one, YT automstically restricts anything with a swastika on it.
    9
  1655. German industry was far from being able to compete with the UK, let alone the rest of Europe. In particular, Germany lacked almost any shipbuilding infrastructure. The UK, with the spending on extra armour manufacture, was capable of building 3 battleships a year, plus carriers, which with an average 3 year build time equates to over a dozen capital ships under construction at once. Germany was limited by only having a limited number of slipways physically large enough to fit large capital ships to only 3-4 capital ships total at any given time, no matter what stage of completion they were at.
    9
  1656. I believe the answer is probably 'YouTube algorithms'
    9
  1657. Unfortunately I was already running over time with the desogn history. Happy to revisit some of the individual ships careers in the future thought :)
    9
  1658. A number of naval histories cover the strategic thinking behind them, 'Kaigun' provides the most detailed explanation of the thinking though.
    9
  1659. Roger Hinman sure I'll add it to the list
    9
  1660. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    9
  1661. There's still a video for tomorrow as well :)
    9
  1662.  @williamtyson9503  There's a fair number of reports in various battles from destroyers all the way up to battleships where the failure rate of German fuses appears to be well above average. I don't know if anyone has fully codified it, but it certainly seems to show up quite often.
    9
  1663. The Kriegsmarine changed it's mind a couple of times on if destroyers should be named.or just numbered :)
    9
  1664. Different model :)
    9
  1665. Had no idea actually :D
    9
  1666.  @SmedleyDouwright  no, models I made
    9
  1667. Belfast could hold a contact at longer range than Scharnhorst, but forcing them to the edge of radar range would have increased the Germans chances of slipping away.
    9
  1668. The basics of triangulating radio transmissions were well understood by WW2 on all sides, the specifics on exactly how good Allied efforts in that field were and how widely deployed the equipment was, was a fairly well kept secret though.
    9
  1669. In a broad sense, possibly. However, as pointed out Endymion and ships like her, though rare, could both catch and fight them. And once you had ships like HMS Majestic, the paradigm somewhat falls apart. Personally I would put her more as something like Georgios Averoff or SMS Blucher, capable of outfighting almost anything at their tier (cruisers) but not seriously able to take on capital ships or full on battlecruisers. If the frigates had run with 32lb long guns and maybe 24lb carronades, then I'd feel more confident pegging them as early battlecruisers. However, although more powerful than most frigates the 24lb long gun was the equivilant of a secondary battery on a ship or the line.
    9
  1670.  @skdKitsune  he who fights fairly in war is an idiot. If you have superior numbers, you use them. And Bismarck wasn't 'barely' destroyed. It was taken out of the fight within the first quarter of an hour. Scharhorst lost most of its main battery and ran, etc. At the end of the day, you can a ship just as or more capable than Bismarck with much less tonnage, this by definition it is inefficient.
    9
  1671. That is, almost entirely wrong... German ships were usually massively inefficient for their displacement, Japanese ships tended towards being too lightly built, and many Italian ships were far too lightly protected. There were a few stand out designs, mainly Italian, along with some of the Japanese carriers, but overall their design quality wasn't great.
    9
  1672. Oh there is plenty controversial about it, my point was that until those files are released, we can't say for certain exactly what was going on, although we can take a good guess.
    9
  1673.  @dagdom1280  it sparked a craze of river, coastal and ocean going monitors as it proved the concept was relatively cheap and could work.
    9
  1674. London had issues, because they tried to do everything to the poor ship, a number of the other Counties were upgraded learning from that experience without trying to install everything and the kitchen sink :)
    9
  1675. The ships finished overweight, but moving the armour around could have destabilised the ship still.
    9
  1676. You are correct, the picture I had labelled as Salamis was one I had saved from years ago and forgotten exactly where it had come from. Will correct at some point when I upgrade the voice-over.
    9
  1677. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    9
  1678. Limits ofnthe format, at some point I'll go to Canada and do a lot more in depth on the ship
    8
  1679. This is why I only got a B grade in German :)
    8
  1680. Definitely, KGV was trying to squeeze everything into a 35k ton weight limit. The Germans and Italians didn't care about the Treaty weight limits and the North Carolina's scraped in just after the activation of the escalator clause. Sloped turret armour is a bit of an interesting one, since it makes your turret much harder to hurt at short-medium range but technically makes it more vulnerable to long range plunging fire.
    8
  1681. Caden Grace whether or not they would reach expected speed is something that definitely bears consideration. As for the guns, a lot of the problems on the Nelson class were because they had to shave down the mountings amd structure to save weight, and this left the turret workings amd assembly vulnerable to warping and jams. The G3 original turrets were more strongly built and unlikely to suffer the same problems. With regards to shell weight, the heavy shell low velocity formula works best at long range, which became more possible with improved propellant and radar fire control in ww2 as the high arc meant a heavy she'll dropped woth more force onto deck armour. For 1920's 'long range' fighting would 20-25,000 yards, where a higher velocity she'll with more direct kinetic energy would be better at going through a vertical plate, as born out by Rodney vs Bismark.
    8
  1682. https://www.drachinifel.co.uk/articles
    8
  1683. I can try post-COVID, but it does run into issues of other people who may not want to be on camera :)
    8
  1684.  @bearzilla2462  the Squarespace ads at 90 seconds and chapter marked at the front of Friday videos.
    8
  1685.  @hughgordon6435  they'd often be reused in lieu of harbour infrastructure. For example the hulk of SS Great Britain was used as coal depot that could load directly onto ships. 😀
    8
  1686. I'll be there for Tankfest next month 😀
    8
  1687. Yep, the Albacore that survived had its radio shot out so it could only inform Somerville when it got back to its carrier hours later
    8
  1688. Being later ships the Crown Colony types would have more advanced fire control systems assuming all ships are considered approximately as built.
    8
  1689. @ashleehouse5204  it's not ideal in principle as it results in contaminated fuel which affects engine performance, but on battleships the compartments were part of the torpedo defence so had to be full of liquid of some sort at all times. Similar issues for submarines for buoyancy reasons. But on a destroyer which had no torpedo defence apart from getting out of the way, they typically would not top up the tanks with seawater to keep the fuel in top condition. It was possible to do with enough warning though.
    8
  1690. As far as can be worked out they were reloaded externally and would only carry the loaded shot per mission, no reloading during the mission.
    8
  1691. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    8
  1692. British 12"/50 models did have a number of issues not found in other similar guns, which influenced the choice to move to larger instead of longer guns.
    8
  1693. I discounted the Cleveland's for finishing over the 10k limit, although that wasn't cheating, the treaties had broken down by then. :)
    8
  1694. Summer :)
    8
  1695. Atlantis and Pinguin were about 17.5k tons, Hansa, which never got to actually sail, was over 19k tons. GRT figures of course were lower :)
    8
  1696. Theoretically, but I don't think anyone would want to risk trying a relatively new tactic for the USN (night strikes on moving targets) whilst their own ships were in close proximity. The chances of either getting it wrong and attacking their own ships, or their own ships being a bit too quick on the trigger, would be too great.
    8
  1697. Coming next month :D
    8
  1698. The movie isn't out in the UK yet, but I do plan on seeing it.
    8
  1699. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    8
  1700. I have three Dropfleet fleets and more Battlefleet Gothic than they actually had in the Gothic War :D
    8
  1701. A superb officer is a superb officer, regardless of which flag he flies. :) Lee is in a very select group of people who seem to have managed to be a superb officer and a decent human being at the same time :)
    8
  1702. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    8
  1703. Sure, I'll add it to the specials list!
    8
  1704.  @charlieborsos7321  it's slightly unclear, the USN tested the .303 Lewis back in WW1 and ended up with a fair few but would then adopt the rechambered .30-06 version, which appears to be more common in USN service. This is further complicated by various sources listing it as a .303, .30cal, 7.62mm or .30-06 weapon, also not helping is that later boats often got .30 Brownings, so simple reference by calibre without gun type could refer to either. Happy to be correct if someone can point to decent source that clears things up definitively. :)
    8
  1705. The only point of reference we have is the ex-Goeben vs the 14" monitors, it didn't go well for the monitors.
    8
  1706. @sharkman2857  basically the USN seems to have wanted (or at least Nimitz) to claim the scalp of every capital ship involved with Pearl Harbor.
    8
  1707. They used a lot of early film/photo techniques plus earlier than that they had pendulum targets where they could watch the swing, calculate the kinetic energy and then back-calculate the velocity since they knew the shells mass. :)
    8
  1708. Fair, I know it's not everyone's preference, hence the heads-up :)
    8
  1709. I hate this commenters racist assumptions about how people speak 😀
    8
  1710. That would be the Great Eastern, Brunels next ship 😀
    8
  1711. It is conjecturaly real. The Kleber class was ordered, and a follow on class to a modified Kleber design was also authorised following them. One of those was name Bruix, so although I cannot fond anything definitively calling them Bruix class destroyers in a quick search of my sources, a distinct class of destroyers including Bruix were planned, so we might as well call them by that name.
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  1712. They're on the list :)
    8
  1713. That's a good idea :)
    8
  1714.  @robinburt5735  at 06:20 onwards is her 1945 condition, looking from astern.
    8
  1715. I learned German for 5 years in high school, but as with a couple of other languages, my ability to read the language significantly outstrips my ability to pronounce it.
    8
  1716. I like to imagine that my disdain for all politicians might give me an outside perspective :)
    8
  1717. Too much star trek :(
    8
  1718. Boom, boom, boom. Squelch Boom, boom, boom Glug Boom, Boom, BOOM Boom, boom, boom?
    8
  1719. The problem when it comes to making these kinds of videos is that you either go for just the really noticable incidents, in which case you get a video like this, or you go into detail about every port visit, as going into detail for some and not others wouldn't be fair, and then suddenly it's 3 hours long. If there is demand, then in the fullness of time I can cover specific parts of the voyage in more detail.
    8
  1720. I think the traffic jam of the MN, RN, HSF and USN in the Channel would've been quite the sight. :D
    8
  1721.  @yellowpete79  I use photos and occasional video that has passed into public domain under UK law for pre-1960's media. :) where there is other considerations involved, I endeavour to contact the owner.
    8
  1722. On the flip side, the designation of "large scout cruiser" is about as believable as Fishers "large light cruiser" or the current Japanese "helicopter destroyers" :)
    8
  1723. Ron Moran the information I have indicates Johnston hit the Kumano, not Chikuma. And supporting Taffy 2 aircraft did have some torpedo armed TBM's, which were the ones who engaged Chikuma
    8
  1724. Everyone knows the sky in the UK is grey, now it's this weird blue colour and there is something like a giant light bulb in it.
    8
  1725. It's one of the reasons, and something that will be covered in the eventual special on naval armour. But in this section o was trying to keep to the more basic elements of the differences.
    8
  1726. True, but navally the RN was somewhat on the back foot during a lot of the war surrounding the US War of Independence, they pulled it back at the last minute, but they were considerably more on the ropes that you'd expect for an utterly dominant power. And they were scared of the combination of the Franco-Spanish fleets until after 1805, as compared to the Two-Power Standard later on :)
    8
  1727. Yep :)
    8
  1728. So, you don't know history them? Britain took control of Cyprus from the Ottoman's in 1914, EOKA's objective in the 1950's was to force the British out and unify with Greece. All that terrorist campaign managed was a separate country divided in two by the Turks. Good job! /sarcasm
    8
  1729. I was trying to make the point that they both mean the same thing, just in different la guahes, hence the different letters :)
    8
  1730. Some ships, especially smaller ones, could unship the whole mast to save weight and reduce fire risks :)
    8
  1731. Slightly different wars, in a war with the US alone, your point makes sense, in the 1940's though the IJN needed to go seize the Dutch oil fields ASAP. If the bulk of the fleet is off doing that they can't be attritioning a US fleet trying to cross the Pacific. Which means an untouched US fleet could reach the Philippines and cut them off from Japan.
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  1732. Coming soon (TM)
    8
  1733. It's a modern map, the focus of the segment is the Mediterranean Sea, not the land.
    8
  1734. Most guns retained partial elevation for reloading.
    8
  1735. Simon Leichtmetall it is on the list :)
    8
  1736. Probably very limp from the electrocution 😀
    8
  1737. Everyone fought to suppress piracy against themselves, Perfidious Albion however realised that not suppressing pirates at certain times could be good as long as they were scared of you enough to go after only people you didn't like :D
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  1738. She might've been moved there temporarily, but the Germans tried moving Scharnhorst further south for safety at one point, then gave up and moved her back because it was harder to defend her there.
    8
  1739. Probably nowhere near as revered as he is these days, with the Franco-Spanish Fleet broken and no other major battles to come he'd either have tried to play land commander again or gotten himself into scandles with his personal/social life. He pretty much got himself killed at the perfect time, with the sole possible exception of sending him after the USN in the War of 1812.
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  1740. Got to leave some details for people to discover!
    8
  1741. Carl Mulalley she's on the list to get a special video
    8
  1742.  @CharlesStearman  there is however a difference between having men and having men suitable to immediately put in modern(ish) ships
    8
  1743. Blackadder Goes Forth.
    8
  1744. For the Canadian battleship, it's powerful enough that I think the British would either have insisted The Dominions get treated as their own navies or else sacrificed one of the Iron Dukes to keep it around. For the speed, you are right about the original design, I was thinking that if Canada was going to go all out for one big flagship they'd likely have the design modified, perhaps using the R class semi-all or nothing scheme and other tricks to save weight for more boilers to get the speed up.
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  1745. Bubby theCuck she is on the list. :)
    8
  1746. It's the same class of floating battery (shared design due to the Crimean War), and the only available picture of the type.
    8
  1747. Indeed, nobody expected it
    8
  1748. Probably killed anything else that might have gotten him!
    8
  1749. There is peacetime funding cuts, which are understandable, but many of the cuts Congress made left the USN functionally unable to fulfilling it's role of defending CONUS had war arrived. Thus in my opinion they went too far.
    8
  1750. Depends on the scale of the battle and what models are available.
    8
  1751.  @tonyennis1787  in the slow motion you can see the glass plate throws a lot of spall back from the impact site, even more went inward. Relatively little if any made it through the combined plate :)
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  1752. Between that and a search for new cuisine is it any surprise we took over most of the planet :D
    8
  1753. I use ostensibly because we very rarely accept only one sides account without question. Apart from anything else, exactly why Sydney acted as she did cannot be divined from German accounts, so some of what happened must necessarily be speculative.
    8
  1754. Being voted in as Prime Minister in the UK is in no way, shape or form an indication of competence at peacetime leadership 😀
    8
  1755. Maybe Youtube needs to hire the man Netflix has in a basement who invented the 'Skip Intro' button?
    8
  1756.  @TheKingofbrooklin  basically, if you're building a ship on Bismarck's displacement, an efficiently designed ship should have considerably better firepower and protection and thus have a decisive advantage over treaty era battleships. Otherwise the extra displacement is a waste of resources, money and crew that would be better spent elsewhere.
    8
  1757. Sure
    8
  1758.  @troopieeeeee  basically that she was one of the few ships present with a then-current search radar suite.
    8
  1759. The Washington Treaty defined capital ships as 8in+ guns and 10k+ displacement. Thus, the monitors, which displaced less that 10k tons, were not counted.
    8
  1760. To scuttle a wooden Warship you have to open up holes at or just below the waterline but bove the ballast, and leave as much heavy gear like guns etc aboard.
    8
  1761. Yep, I got that mixed around with the South Dakota (1920's), risks of recording live :(
    8
  1762. Film reviews are still going to happen, it's just that the list of specials to do was already stretching into March 2019 at the time I floated the idea :)
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  1763. Mine is fine, it's Mrs Drachs that's the problem :)
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  1764. Following the example of the Graf Spee, every so often you would capture a ship and offload all your prisoners onto it, then send it to a safe port.
    8
  1765. Anlushac11 yeah they were designed for range and reliability over speed
    8
  1766. I did strongly consider it :)
    8
  1767. Glad to see everyone's observant! :)
    8
  1768. That's what the class guide video is for :)
    8
  1769.  @thomasanderson3213  It was more that it meant the crew quarters were aft, but most of the crews stations were amidships, which meant several extra minutes for the crew to get to action stations, whereas the other way around they were pretty much at their stations in less than a minute and since there was always a senior officer on duty, if it took a couple of minutes for other officers to reach the bridge it wasn't such a big deal.
    8
  1770.  @lonewolf1625  it wasn't that it failed per se, but that for the volume and weight of it, a multi-layer system offered more protection or you could get the same protection for less volume and weight. :)
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  1771. You have to be a little careful when comparing penetration data, for example that Alaska values most commonly seen are calculated off 2500fps, the muzzle velocity of a full charge in a new gun, but although a new KGV 14" is only c.20-25fps slower, most penetration values cited for that gun use a much slower c.2,400fps 'average gun' figure, which obviously will give less penetration that running with the same.gun at 2475 or 2480fps muzzle velocity. So a fair comparison either needs to bring down Alaska or raise KGV, which changes the picture somewhat.
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  1772. Yep - https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLMK9a-vDE5zGEVtdGgCZAUsK4up3LB1oU&si=LVnrjjv-1xXju4g2
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  1773. No, my grandfathers generation were the last in the Royal Navy.
    7
  1774.  @guidobolke5618  that would be quite the funny confusion
    7
  1775. David bismark whilst scuttling charges were set, both officers on both sides present at the time and investigation of the wreck by historians agrees that the Bismark was sunk, the scuttling charges effect, if any, was simply to accelerate the inevitable by a few hours at best.
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  1776. Kwolfx sloped armour on main turrets enlarges the turret footprint considerably, so the choice between thinner sloped armour of just making a turret face thicker depends on if you value saving space or displacement more. I'm a G3 the vertical approach with more thickness would save space and weight as it meant less citadel armour was needed.
    7
  1777. It was a test vehicle, not a fully functional orbiter.
    7
  1778.  @Cbabilon675  as long as it came.in under c.4 tons
    7
  1779.  @themanformerlyknownascomme777  Largely confined to WW2 and immediately before thanks to the gutting of German design capabilities after Versailles. German marine engineering in the run up to WW1 was generally really good outside a few ships like the Nassau's, and those were largely because Germany, like most nations, was a couple of years behind on getting local turbine production off the ground.
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  1780. It is due for a 'live' review when I'm in the USA :)
    7
  1781. It was quite an important location strategically but no large population to support major infrastructure, so using old ships instead made sense.
    7
  1782. Jpdillon sure thing
    7
  1783.  @soham6649  same wargaming rules as the Texel video, only we weren't able to draw a definitive narrative as with that one
    7
  1784. Possibly, but there is no consistency in the choices made between the various RN ships with 3 forward gun mountings, so the choice could be entirely arbitrary.
    7
  1785. Fortunately they learned very fast and there weren't all that many casualties overall and rarely to the same cause.
    7
  1786.  @jesperteunissen949  maybe in a decade or so :D
    7
  1787. I definitely didn't help, but the fatal damage was done. What the 8" shells did was kill off many crew and officers, whose combined efforts in damage control might have saved the ship.
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  1788. Into the aft machinery space, which was large enough that it wouldn't have appreciably filled in the time it took the explosion to occur, so no water damping of the fires :)
    7
  1789. Indeed
    7
  1790.  @bey1999  Civil Engineering, although a number of modules including engineering materials were classes for multiple degrees including materials science and mechanical engineering.
    7
  1791.  @odb_roc_hound4186  if I come across a Portuguese speaking subscriber I'll try and get the Parnaiba episode translated.
    7
  1792.  @timschoenberger242  P and Q, port and starboard
    7
  1793. Sure
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  1794. You're talking anywhere from 24 to over 40 torpedoes in the water, so 12 to more than 20 per carrier (assuming even spread). Even pessimistically something will hit.
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  1795. I don't suppose he's still around and willing to be contacted?
    7
  1796. The Tsars Last Armada is a decent one to start with. There are also diaries from the fleet.
    7
  1797. What do you think sank her then?
    7
  1798. Sure
    7
  1799. I use the laser regularly on my own reenactment equipment :)
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  1800. Yeah, some weird rendering issue, all sounds linking in the pinned post :D
    7
  1801. A mixture of sighting hoods on turrets being vulnerable to blast and the old triple expansion engines took up more space which meant there wasn't the space on the centreline for the barrettes and magazines.
    7
  1802.  @Andy_Ross1962  yes, if a geared turbine and TE drive are running at the turbines optimal speed the geared turbine is more efficient. But if the geared turbine ship slows to less optimal speed then the TE drive becomes more efficient as the loss of efficiency in the geared turbines is greater than the loss of energy in the various steps of the TE drive.
    7
  1803. In theory, the ones that were near the end of their working up or on training had everything working.
    7
  1804. It depends on a number of factors but speed of descent is a key one, a ship or part of a ship that is only just negatively buoyant and sinks slowly will have a much slower water column on the surface at least which reduces the 'suction' felt quite a bit.
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  1805. I did leave a note when I returned them :)
    7
  1806. This was during her interwar period as a gunnery training ship, the house was to accommodate the trainees.
    7
  1807. Partially to allow maximum elevation of the guns and partially because the Babette the turret came with was a fixed height and as a monitor it was a fairly shallow hull
    7
  1808. True, but both were in Navy hands until the 2010's, so with only just over a decade as museum ships under their belt, they'll likely not go to drydock for quite some time, and not every dockyard will allow tours :)
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  1809. @UNSCForwardontodawn open to all reasonable ideas :)
    7
  1810. Just me, Mrs Drach does the thumbnails :)
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  1811.  @lonjohnson5161  Very much so, the Cape of Good Hope was originally the Cape of Storms but was renamed to be a little less scary. Only problem is those same currents and storms bury and/or tear apart a lot of wrecks pretty quickly.
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  1812. I thought about them, but the casemate mounted guns having different elevations to the turrets plus the relatively small number made me deselect them.
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  1813. As I replace the robovoice videos I'm shuffling them to their own playlist. Once the process is done, all videos on the main playlists will be human voiced.
    7
  1814. Hence why I tagged it. :) This video and a few others due to come are from the 500 sins design competition. The prize for winning a category was a feature video on their ship design. :)
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  1815. Pretending to be an island is a form od deceptive camouflage. But I'm saving that particular story for a special, along with the merchant ship that pretended to be an ice-berg. :)
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  1816. I've look into this in some detail whilst looking into these battle's, the gun crew was around a dozen, give or take, for a given gun and it's opposite. Whilst this was one gun crew, and whilst it was easier to fight a fun with all of them, split into teams of around half a dozen they could fight both guns when needed, although in such a situation casualties would be felt much more keenly. So whilst you could engage two enemies at once, you had to rely on either a short fight or that your enemy was much slower than you.
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  1817. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    7
  1818.  @aurorabesalduch2499  it's an ongoing situation but I am trying to resolve it
    7
  1819. I tried my best, but a bunch of the names didn't even have "How to pronounce" entries :(
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  1820. Don't worry, I'll be toning town the typewriter noises in further battle reports! :)
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  1821.  @coldwarrior78  depending in the ship and its location the crew received periodic pay packets but with this being the age of cash only for many it was impossible to carry something like 3 years pay for the whole crew aboard. :)
    7
  1822.  @doriansoergel8160  USS Oregon
    7
  1823. They knew bigger and better was coming, but they still had limited budgets as for the USN it was still pre-war, and they also though war was a little further away, so Hornet was a mixture of insurance and what they could afford before the money taps were opened.
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  1824. I make exactly the same number of drydocks as I used to (1 per Sunday, end of the month in two sections) and more naval videos than I used to (Saturday and Wednesday, but now also alternate Fridays)
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  1825. Sure :)
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  1826. The Repulse hull would be superior is almost every measurable way, except that you'd be sacrificing an otherwise decent combat ship for conversion.
    7
  1827. Survived to be scrapped after World War 2
    7
  1828. Good catch!
    7
  1829.  @jasonchatham4170  🤣
    7
  1830. Yep, although that was more the general storm rather than one big wave/surge, which I took the question as asking about :)
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  1831. HMS Dreadnought, ironically :p
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  1832. Thanks, there's a seperate video on the ship coming up soon so want to get the name right!
    7
  1833. Just Furious, it got one gun out of 2 planned
    7
  1834. They had the money to pay off the appropriate people 😀
    7
  1835.  @abyssaljam441  mostly job prospects at the time.
    7
  1836. It's a Photoshop designed to show roughly what a Lion would look like next to KGV
    7
  1837.  @randomguy-tg7ok  I remember that design! Yeah it was mainly the seakeeping that kept it from a higher position :)
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  1838. Since the Alaska's weren't built until the 1940's I'm assuming time travel :)
    7
  1839. Perth, Melbourne, Brisbane, Sydney and Canberra were all visited :)
    7
  1840. The RN desperately wanted a battle-experienced senior officer out there to keep a hold on everything, and he happened to fit the bill and already be there.
    7
  1841. Yamamoto Isoroku is correct when using Japanese naming conventions
    7
  1842. This series will have three more sections, Shell Guns 1820-1870, Rifled Guns 1870-1905 and Dreadnought Guns 1905-1950
    7
  1843. It's both channels Military History Visualized and Military History Non-Visualized :)
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  1844. Politicians vs Professionals in a nut-shell. Don't forget that the British and German fleets parted on a literal 'friends forever' signal in summer 1914 and were shooting at each other a couple of months later.
    7
  1845.  @jamieknight326  Fixed version - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RSA4UE1FNm0
    7
  1846. Me :)
    7
  1847. Yamaguchi probably couldn't have saved Akagi and Kaga, but he had advocated for keeping the reserve aircraft armed for anti-shipping strikes, so where Nagumo wasted time switching back and forth between loads, Yamaguchi would probably have gotten a big counter-strike off before the US air wings arrived, possibly invoking MAD.
    7
  1848. They have a very extensive set of damage reports, etc for the various incidents, as a single resource they're pretty much top tier for that, but I think the one place most people go wrong in this discussion is they either focus almost entirely on the ships durability to the exclusion of offensive power, or vice-versa.
    7
  1849. They say you learn best from mistakes
    7
  1850.  @pacman1386  well it's in Liverpool so shouldn't be too hard to reach :)
    7
  1851. Very true, but as those could be changed by swapping crew or commanders, I wanted to focus on things that, once built, were difficult or impossible to change.
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  1852. Whilst the only immediate effect was a drop in speed, the main point is that the machinery spaces are part of the ships citadel, and for them to be provably breached at all puts one of the myths to bed. 😀
    7
  1853. It refers to the length of the weapon, which in naval guns is measured in multiples of the guns calibre. The USN had three main 5 inch guns in service in WW2, the older 5"/50 (anti ship) and 5"/25 (anti air) guns and the 5"/38 dual purpose gun. In each case the /XX refers to the length of the gun barrel in calibre's (IE multiples of 5"). It allows you to distinguish between different guns that have the same shell calibre. (EG the 16" of Nelson, South Dakota and Iowa are all very different.)
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  1854. It's one of the prototype guns for the H-39's, after realising the ships themselves wouldn't be built, the various H-class prototype guns were generally used in shore batteries.
    7
  1855.  @allothernameswerenot  generally for ships like Hood the actions have to be reconstructed from survivors accounts and observations from other ships, then corrected to what seems the mostly reliable and likely sequence as even in ww2 a lot of ships clocks and positions were out of sync with each other.
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  1856. I imagine the Tornado would need some redesign anyway, and with the various refits they may have worked on the hangar as well, but the F/A-18 is also viable. Probably depends on how much in-house production the UK government wants to do.
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  1857. The processing plant converted the bunker fuel into usuable engine fuel, as far as I can tell this was partially to reduce the amount of active volatiles on the ship and partially so that the ship could use bunker fuel from foreign ports and captured ships without worrying if it was poor quality fuel that might gunk up the engines. According to some reports by the time of the River Plate battle the ships maximum safe sustained speed was 24 knots, and attempts to exceed this during the battle had done further damage to the engines.
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  1858. Yeah, unfortunately if I used HMS for every navy that uses it at home most of the videos would used the title and there would be some people claiming I was trying to appropriate them all for the UK 😀
    7
  1859. Over the course of the war PT boat weaponry increased significantly. Relatively early in the war it was relatively minimal
    7
  1860. @gmdyt1  a lot of search patterns involved flying for X time at Y speed from a known start point precisely because of these issues. Dead reckoning was used a lot but the more complex the course and speed changes the less accurate it would be. :)
    7
  1861. Well, to sustain French troops etc in the US required the Navy, and most of the surrounding campaigns (taking Carribean colonies, trying to invade the UK, various fights in and around India) were either mainly or entirely naval campaigns. The cost of running the navy was a big chunk of those expenses and losses at the Saintes and various Ushants were some of the biggest ticket costs as well. Overall, the cost of the naval operations plus the navy not coming off too well from it set the fuse for the French Revolution, at least to my mind, but of course your mileage may very :)
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  1862. The reports of the time state Duckworth asked for a meeting on an island and the Ottomans replied they would meet "at Kadikioi, on the Asiatic side", so I assumed it would be an island. Happy to be corrected :)
    7
  1863.  @geoffbarney5914  I'm referring to after and drydock-needing repairs are done. Two sets of high value targets in two different ports are far more difficult for the Germans to defend, the RAF can focus on one or the other, the Luftwaffe etc have be strong everywhere.
    7
  1864. In retrospect, as long as one side was going to build battleships the other needing to build to counter them, but I would roughly say that any battleship not complete and in service by around late '42 / early '43 was probably not worth the investment as they wouldn't have much of anything left to do before the CV took over as the main capital ship, which means that basically for a good return on investment you need to stop building battleships after what you lay down in 1939.
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  1865. It's impossible to 100% confirm as the section of the wreck (under Bruno turret) is up past the waterline in sediment, but the hit was observed by multiple independent officers on Rodney, and the flooding profile of Bismarck in the latter part of her time afloat in her last battle would fit with what would be expected from a heavy torpedo hit in this location.
    7
  1866. I dubbed over the interference...
    7
  1867. There's an awful lot of detail that would cover an in-depth response, but whilst the UK did take part in the slave trade on a large scale, the impression that the British were main drivers is more pop culture than fact. The industrial slave trade across the Atlantic was in fact started by Spain when their death-camp-like treatment of the locals meant they started running out of them. Drake and Hawkins turned against Spain when the Spanish tried to keep them out of that trade by force. As the British became dominant at sea and started setting up plantations they got in on the slave trade, but the Dutch, French, Danes, Spanish and Portuguese all were setting up their own colonies and shipping in slaves. Portuguese slavers actually outnumbered the British. Beyond that, you also have to look at flags of convenience. By flag of ship the British accounted for 35-40% of the slave trade at its height, but come 1807 many of those simply switched flag. That is not to say Britain didn't make a lot of money from the slave trade, it certainly did, and it took a big part in it as well. But the Atlantic slave trade was not setup by, not dominated by, the British, in the way pop-culture would have you believe.
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  1868. Pinned post for Q&A :) Edit: Clarification as I completely messed up explaining what I was trying to say. The concept in my head for the Montana was to be redesigned to have tactical speed superiority over Yamato, necessitating at least 31 knots.
    7
  1869. Yep, I actually got a chance to speak to a Bismarck survivor years ago, he confirmed that the interior of the ship was pretty much hell on earth and whilst he was fairly sure a scuttling order was given, he personally doubted anyone could really have survived the trip to actually scuttle the ship. He thought it more likely the officer in question just got as far as he could, saw the ship was definitely doomed and took the smart choice by saying he did it, since after all it wasn't going to make the blindest bit of difference.
    7
  1870. I believe Perth is on the list :)
    7
  1871. I didn't mean to say that military nuclear reactors were especially risky, merely that if you have something complex like reactor, if it has a given chance of failure, then if you have eight of that thing in the same place, there is a greater chance of one going wrong than if you only have two similar things with the same individual risk of failure.
    7
  1872. At the time, if they didn't agree, none of the others would, and they'd be out-built.
    7
  1873. The Lost Beaver I believe it's on the list, but I add the ships in the order requested :)
    7
  1874. Two APD's were sunk in a night engagement with the Tokyo Express, which rather suggests such missions were indeed active.
    7
  1875. I think there is one on the spreadshirt link in the video description? :)
    7
  1876. Not yet, that incident will be covered though.
    7
  1877. The main reason I didn't cover it is that there are 4 versions of the event, Morton's, O'Kane's, the Indian survivors and the IJN's. All agree firing took place but to what extent and how many were killed is all over the place. Without digging into it deeper, I didn't want to address it just yet as there would be a serious risk of either exaggerating or minimizing the incident without doing a lot more specific research.
    7
  1878. Eventually :)
    7
  1879. I've got a couple of those lined up for later in the year, plus one where the Spanish win!
    7
  1880.  @lezardvaleth2304  Rome Total War 2
    7
  1881.  @johnkilcer  the next expedition is designed to be a relatively low cost confirmation only dive (as low cost as these things are). A subsequent expedition to detail the wreck might check out others, it's happened before
    7
  1882. Check the pinned comment for the rest :)
    7
  1883.  @WilliamJones-Halibut-vq1fs  the latter part of the construction of Bismarck and Tirpitz overlaps the start of construction for Iowa and New Jersey. And comparisons between the two classes are very valid because they are closer in displacement to each other that the Bismarck's are to the NorCal or SoDak classes. The NorCals are a comparison of precisely contemporary ships, the Iowa's are a comparison of what can be done with greater displacement than the treaties allowed.
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  1884. Do go on...
    7
  1885. Actually whilst the landed elements were American the naval side of the operation had over 250 British, Australian, Canadian and New Zealand ships present in support.
    7
  1886. Unfortunately without completely redrawing the plans its hard to get any further clarity from them :(
    7
  1887. There is no way the US/UK would allow Japan parity in 16" armed ships (or equivilants), so they'd insist on at least 2 ships each even if Japan only had Nagato.
    7
  1888.  @GrahamWKidd  in these situations its essentially a choice over if stability/weight or hull width constraints are your main problem
    7
  1889. Kevin Glenn Huey 95% of the video is human narrated. It's just the opening and closing 10 seconds that are robot-voiced.
    7
  1890. As mentioned, no-one died aboard, the only known casualty died from forgetting to breath out on his ascent and died in the water awaiting rescue.
    7
  1891. Eventually :)
    7
  1892. As an FYI, the video footage for this video is from the US National Archives, video ID's listed in the description :)
    7
  1893. Joe Dunlea sure
    7
  1894. Had a pretty decent war, survived a couple of atomic bomb blasts, then Iowa failed to sink her as a target so she was ultimately put down by multiple aerial attacks.
    7
  1895. Precisely, the new class had already been named King Edward VIII provisionally, King George VI didn't want to cause even more drama by grabbing his brothers ships, so he had them renamed after their father instead. This set back the convention by a generation, so a new RN SSBN is going to be named King George VI and presumably eventually King Charles III will named a ship Queen Elizabeth II.
    7
  1896. Ship based guns tend to reload at lower elevations because the she'll handling room is right underneath, shore based guns can have deeper gun pits :)
    7
  1897.  @Aelxi  hmm, who is Horus then? 😀
    7
  1898.  @paoloviti6156  they'd run into Fritz-X and the other German guided weapons off Italy, so for Normandy they deployed counter measures they'd developed for the Italian campaign.
    6
  1899.  @jimsackmanbusinesscoaching1344  not within the confines of the 5 minute guide format, but in the longer form Wednesday videos, yes
    6
  1900. I shall provide and update and any necessary corrections when I go back there! 😀
    6
  1901.  @francesconicoletti2547  nemesis is on the list :)
    6
  1902.  @joshthomas-moore2656  dunno, do you want a video of 5 minutes of constant cursing without repetition? :)
    6
  1903. screams internally
    6
  1904. That's not quite true, the 16" wasn't quite as powerful as the Iowa's guns, but those were 20 years newer, compared to other 16" ofthe time, the G3's were competitive, likewise the 15"/42 was about the best 15" gun available in WW1. Etc, etc. The impression that the UK was behind in naval guns comes from the fact they fought WW2 with only one modern gun, the KGV 14", whereas everyone else had new 15, 16 and 18" weapons.
    6
  1905. Yep, I can make it available if people want :)
    6
  1906. Very true, albeit there is the better option of getting an Admiral or three.
    6
  1907. With Montana I was referring to the wider context. The Yamato has more powerful guns, whilst the Montana has more of them. Couple 12 guns with late war US radar directed fire control and Montanas guns taken as a collective whole are sufficient to fight a Yamato. The indicative performance the US thought it would get from an 18" gun wouldn't overcome the downsides if dropping to 8 guns. Montana also has more armour than an Iowa and so can duke it out better simply by that standard alone. So a Montana is a reasonable match for a Yamato is a straight up gun duel whereas an Iowa with fewer guns and thinner armour, would be at a disadvantage in daylight combat.
    6
  1908. 5 minute (ish) guides. Wednesday is for the longer stuff :)
    6
  1909. To slow to call up compared to just getting one of your own out there ASAP :)
    6
  1910.  @scottgiles7546  I read the question as it was asked. I'm not responsible for how the question was phrased.
    6
  1911.  @peteranninos2516  discord (server invite in video description) or email (in the channel 'about' section)
    6
  1912. The French were leading innovators in the 19th century, but the first couple of decades of the 20th century were a bit of a bad period for them technology-wise
    6
  1913. Partially a smaller citadel from grouping the guns, partially the need for vastly less space and weight for machinery, 23knots only needed a fraction over a third of the power the IJN ships needed for 27knots+, which means a lot fewer boilers etc.
    6
  1914. It's a good one, but it's in my age of sail section :)
    6
  1915.  @Borep_Yano  it was on the camera so that's carrying through my head and across 4 feet of table at that volume :D
    6
  1916. The first part is only true of some ships in WW1, the second part is not true at all.
    6
  1917. Polish naval research seems to be extremely thorough and detailed, I only wish I could actually read it instead of just admiring the pictures and diagrams they make.
    6
  1918. The data for the German guns is conflicted, their ammo hoists could deliver shells fast enough for 3rpm, but regularly broke down at that rate if use. The manufacturers rated them for 1 salvo per 26 seconds at minimal elevation, which is fractionally over 2rpm. In real life, Bismarck averaged around 1 rpm in its two main engagements, whereas the American gun averaged around 1.5 rpm in battles it was used in (from a stated ideal of 2 rpm). Thus, whilst 3rpm is theoretically possible for the German guns, practically it seems unlikely that they would acheive this in live combat, and therefore the general rate of fire is likely to be approximately similar.
    6
  1919. Two pictures files with similar names, picked the wrong one when editing the video :D
    6
  1920. Basically it was pretty solid decent stuff, but they didn't make quite the same leaps as the British or Germans, but also avoided the pitfalls of the Americans and Japanese.
    6
  1921. Some areas had just me and the docents, other areas was just really tight angle shooting :)
    6
  1922. Scharnhorst, Gneisenau, Bismarck, Prince Eugen, Admiral Hipper, Deutschland, Admiral Scheer, Graf Spee :)
    6
  1923. A few videos are like that unfortunately as NVidia Broadcast imposed itself as the default mic. I've since found and removed it but the lag between me making the video and people seeing the first one with the issue and then me correcting it means some videos have this issue :(
    6
  1924. Well "successful" in the sense that they met their design expectations and had no major issues in service.
    6
  1925. It's pretty clear which one was going to win :D
    6
  1926. Sure, can always add it to the list.
    6
  1927. I'd agree in absolute terms, but at Jutland itself most of the time only portions of both fleets were engaged. With Yamato having at least basic radar, the IJN would be able to position itself in a way such that the majority of the combined fleets couldn't bring their guns to bear at once, thus avoiding a death by sheer weight of fire.
    6
  1928.  @thewingedhussars459  Taking out the rigging allows you disengage if the fight looks like it's turning against you, as your enemy will not be able to catch up. Going for the hull takes out more of your enemies crew and firepower quicker and forces them to run, surrender or outgun you (and leaves very little time for that decision). Basically, if you are an aggressive force that believes you'll win, you go for the hull, if you believe you might lose and want to keep your options open, you go for the rigging.
    6
  1929.  @Peorhum  I was thinking specifically of RMS Queen Mary, she could make 32-33knots on a good day.
    6
  1930.  @ease-l5330  they're reproduced in the Warship international article, or you can request them from the national archives.
    6
  1931. It's not that loud tbh :)
    6
  1932. The I-400's are on the list. Although I will note plans to attack the Panama Canal with them were drawn up after they were in service, they weren't designed explicitly for that purpose.
    6
  1933. I will bear that in mind. I must admit I had forgotten a lot of people mainly work YouTube.off their phones these days
    6
  1934. ASDIC had a shorter range and more limited arc than radar, and could also only be used at slow speeds.
    6
  1935.  @zstewart  it's a good shorthand to get a low end idea of the overall power of the water column over a given surface area. Even when flooded most of the water in a sinking ship is relatively static so the volume of the ship moving through the water will displace water that masses even more than the surfaced displacement, which will then be replaced above it by the falling water column.
    6
  1936. Feel free to mention some for another video :)
    6
  1937. In my personal opinion Halsey started off well but later in the war appears to have started to let aggression/stuborness begin to subvert his better judgement. By '44 he was probably better off as an aggressive sub-group leader rather than being in charge of TF38, or placed somewhere that his aggression was limited by constraints of his ships. For example, give him 7th fleets old battleships etc and give Kincaid TF38.
    6
  1938. What? I literally point out that the Malta classes design choices were sub-optimal compared to the Midway and would need changing...
    6
  1939. They have backup inertial guidance in case of gps being unavailable. Not quite as accurate but still much better than ww2 bombing.
    6
  1940.  @garychisholm2174  a number were used for stationary purposes like accommodation or storage but during this would decay to a point it was no longer economically worthwhile to recover them back home.
    6
  1941. Yeah, that!
    6
  1942. Dumb company pumping out 'funny vid' compilations stole the footage from the original poster and now aggressively copyright claims it.
    6
  1943. Yep, one of those Japanese expeditions against China etc :)
    6
  1944. Please actually watch the video first
    6
  1945. 1) Somerville was aboard the Hood, which was limited by the speed of the fleet he had to lead, he sent Holland ahead in the much faster Foxhound to maximise the time available for negotiations (Foxhound arrived at dawn, the rest of the fleet didn't arrive for several more hours) 2) The concern was Italian troops loading onto ships, the ports in their territory were close enough to allow a night-sailing force to get to the French port and commence landings before dawn. 3) The French had already agreed to surrender a large portion of their fleet to the Germans under the armistice. Whether sunk, in the USA or under German control, they weren't going to have much of an operational fleet left in a few weeks.
    6
  1946. The Belgians, Danes, Polish, Dutch and Norwegians had already faced the same choices, and the Greeks and Yugoslavs would later on. Their navies uniformly chose to fight on. The bulk of the French fleet is the anomaly in this situation.
    6
  1947. The RN referred to the regular destroyers in a flotilla as 'private' ships, as compared to the flotilla leaders, no connection to who built them.
    6
  1948. I'm willing to talk about more modern ships, but prefer to avoid ships that are still in service due to: 1) operational details and capability is still classified and speculation leads to arguments. 2) ships in service generally leads to modern politics, which I want to avoid. So for example I'd happily cover the Perry class frigates, but if want to avoid the Burke class destroyers.
    6
  1949. Weekdays are best to avoid crowds. June-September is the best weather
    6
  1950.  @thetorturepenguin  I just wish some period German sources didn't use the Gothic font, it makes everything much harder 😀
    6
  1951. Do you know what the book was called?
    6
  1952. In wows the citadel includes the machinery spaces so an unupgraded County would be easy prey
    6
  1953. In their WW1 configuration the Renowns carried insufficient protection. Once they had the additional armour fitted they would be superior to Derflinger, but that wouldn't be completed until after the war.
    6
  1954. Indeed :)
    6
  1955. In large part because the mooring meant significantly more defensive measures could be employed including torpedo nets, smoke generators, land based AA and defensive land-based fighters in addition to what the ship could put up.
    6
  1956. I think it's something that required a separate video, putting a few more minutes into it in this video doesn't really help much and putting in the coverage it needs would dominate the video
    6
  1957. Predatory DRM company without actual rights, the old music was and still is copyright free
    6
  1958. These are old robo-voiced videos that I've revoiced. :)
    6
  1959. I can give it a go with my real voice, see what the viewers think?
    6
  1960. Which ship introduced the gun depends on if you go by design, keel laying or commissioning date.
    6
  1961. Either a Commodore or Voce Admiral flag, probably the latter, seems to have some personal armourial bottom right
    6
  1962. I can make a spreadsheet like that available, the main thing would be where to put it. :)
    6
  1963. To be totally fair, the Indian Mutiny was largely in Bengal (and largely crushed by local forces from other princely states who didn't like the Bengali's). But that doesn't lessen the scale of the stupidity the EIMC displayed in letting it get that far in the first place.
    6
  1964. If you get an expert to write a list of all the things you can do wrong when it comes to gun, shell and explosive charge safe operating procedure and compare it to Battlecruiser fleet operating procedure they're very similar.
    6
  1965. I have the original of every video backed up on three seperate hard drives :)
    6
  1966. From the context they seem to be what would later be known as armed merchant cruisers.
    6
  1967. Elements of the Russian fleet (older ships and those with shallow draught) did make the Suez transit. So I think the deeper draught of the newer ships, complicated by the deep loading they were under for the voyage, was always an issue, Digger Bank or not.
    6
  1968. 😮
    6
  1969.  @James_Nicholls  a mixture of knowledge, books and archive material. Books and other accessible sources that I have substantially used in a video are linked in the video description :)
    6
  1970. Lexington was a much older covered ship that was hit by two torpedoes, two bombs, set on fire and suffered a number of secondary explosions before the fumes caught. Somewhat different situation.
    6
  1971. The main thing is what the navies believed was comparable at the time. They weren't always right in hindsight 😀
    6
  1972. True, but a lot of that development was prompted by wartime experience so without it, its harder to see where and when these things would be developed.
    6
  1973. A quick shorthand for the WW2 RN: Corvette - Single screw low speed small Warship, often used for or specialised in anti submarine Warfare. Similar to larger USN subchasers or small DE's. Often built to merchant hull spec for quick construction. Frigate - Twin screw escort ships, smaller than the fleet destroyer, faster than a corvette with a more rounded armament. Comparable to most US DE's Sloop - General purpose small slow escort built to military spec.
    6
  1974. Yes, but they don't usually do that :D
    6
  1975. That's the plan!
    6
  1976. Please see the Drydock episode 3, there is a time-stamped discussion of why I use this system.
    6
  1977. Hood was too advanced on the stocks to economically cancel so they had to rework the ship, the others were less advanced and could be pulled. Fully applied lessons from Jutland in the USN started with the Tennesee's (some modifications to the New Mexico's were made but they were already well advanced). A lot of lessons came out of Jutland beyond the 'exploding ships = bad" aspect and many of the changes made involved extending the range of ships guns and improving torpedo defences. The Colorado's were useful ships that fell in line with warship development, the 1920's SoDak's straight from the Tennessee's would probably have caused a lot of eyebrows to be raised in Congress and would also leave a gap in the fleet whilst the design was prepared. Interestingly that would've meant the USN might have had to come up with their own version of the Nelson to get a treaty-compliant 35,000t ship built as the SoDak's wouldn't have been allowed.
    6
  1978. The citadel ends are acting much like the belt, and the fore and aft of a ship is generally pretty bare apart from the turrets, so a shell plunging in doesn't have far to go to reach the citadel. Whereas the deck armour runs mostly under the portion of the ship covered by superstructure and turrets, which will to varying degrees intercept the shell a lot earlier and initiate fuses.
    6
  1979.  @acole5975  Yeah, basically they used far too small a cannon (6lb) and didn't account for velocity (IIRC they used an ACW-era cannon). The accounts of splinters causing losses I've put together from three main areas 1) Period accounts that talk a lot about splinter injuries. 2) Period records from the surgeons aboard which sometimes detail the injuries they treated and 3) experiments with a more accurate target and cannon (https://kurage.files.wordpress.com/2018/03/hocker-isbsa-14-proof.pdf)
    6
  1980.  @rogerwilco2  Fixed version - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RSA4UE1FNm0
    6
  1981.  @Aelxi  Fixed version - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RSA4UE1FNm0
    6
  1982. You can, but then you either are robbing your engines of power or you need bigger boilers (as shown by Carpathia), electricity powered by discrete generators (by the 20th century often with standalone power plants) impacted propulsion less and was easier to trunk :)
    6
  1983. Next few months
    6
  1984. Basically the Allied plan was to conduct a smaller breach of neutrality to bait the Germans into committing the biggest possible breach of neutrality, then hammer them for it.
    6
  1985. RN stands for Regia Nave, which was used for the WW2 and earlier Italian Navy :)
    6
  1986. Haven't tried that one before, might be worth a go.
    6
  1987. Tassafaronga, Rennel Island and successful evacuation for the Japanese, Forcing the evacuation in the first place and winning the campaign to he Allies
    6
  1988. It happened with a fair degree of regularity in the Pacific.
    6
  1989. Prior to establishing bases in Norway the amount of escorted anti-shipping strike craft the Luftwaffe could've sent was relatively small, and the chances of specific interception of a fleet shortly before or during a battle smaller still, plus the RN's carriers present would've been absent put up a degree of fighter screen. Once the Luftwaffe has airfields closer to the action, it's a different story of course.
    6
  1990. It's the one that came with the kit 😀
    6
  1991. Good idea on the cotton balls! The mat I ordered from Warlord Games along with the ships :)
    6
  1992. Hey, it's their ship :)
    6
  1993. When I visit her :D
    6
  1994. Amusingly enough I burned through 7 batteries and broke a tripod in 2 days of filming :D
    6
  1995. The Berber's were the most widely known group of people in the region, so a corruption of their name got stuck onto anyone from the area. Kinda how the Norse raiders were often called 'Danes' even though a bunch of them were from other parts of Scandinavia.
    6
  1996. Trafalgar I'm working on, my plans to host the episode aboard HMS Victory have taken a bit of a left turn with COVID, carriers and destroyers Pt 3's I'm working on for next year :)
    6
  1997. I factored them in, but also had to factor in the Luftwaffe, and foxed emplacements are much easier targets than moving ships.
    6
  1998. Yeah, I messed that one up, I think because I have a picture of her partially stripped down in drydock in 1940 (for a refit) and she was the last French heavy cruiser.
    6
  1999. Concussion and spalling, also blast waves and fragments tended to find their way through the viewing slits.
    6
  2000.  @sireneracker8293  it's not just raining, that's just a possibility, but more the cuts in range and speed caused by the modifications meant it wouldn't do well in almost any role a light cruiser might have to do.
    6
  2001. As I mentioned in the video, it's not any one issue, as there were a number of small/weak light cruisers out there. Its more the corrective measures needed made then unable to do the main job of a light cruiser.
    6
  2002.  @77thTrombone  it's a complex story that involves me costing an isolated community of Mennonite settlers in Bolivia who moved there from Germany a couple of centuries ago. :)
    6
  2003.  @TheIamfrustrated  not for that one, unfortunately I tend to delete bad takes. Can probably keep some in the future
    6
  2004.  @TheIamfrustrated  many :p
    6
  2005. rly nis hadn't thought of that but it's a good idea.
    6
  2006. I have a Wednesday video on the Electro/Walter Boats on the books for next year
    6
  2007. Someone didn't tighten the bolts :D
    6
  2008. See the other videos, sarcastic humour is spread about evenly across all nations, including British ships.
    6
  2009. I've got a university degree in engineering :) But I spent a lot of free time bugging the history department. :p
    6
  2010. Off-hand I doubt this particular weapon was used, it would be more likely that if any missile type weapons were used it would be the more typical rockets that a lot of WW2 aircraft carried in the later parts of the war.
    6
  2011.  @zacharydutson6195  An anti-aircraft gun special is on the list of Wednesday videos to do. But the list is quite long :)
    6
  2012.  @joshthomas-moore2656  Leander had the same removal of X turret in favour of a pom pom after being torpedoed in the Solomon Islands, but didn't see any further war service. So if the ship is there in wartime and/or in New Zealand service, its Achilles. For a few years post war it might be Leander.
    6
  2013. Yep, tradition had been established to name the first new capital ship class after the monarch, hence the King Edward VII class pre dreadnoughts. The WW1 KGV's marked the accession of the king of the same name. The WW2 KGV's were originally supposed to have been King Edward VIII class, then the abdication happened and King George VI asked for the ships to be named after his father to avoid further disruption, so you got another set of KGV's. This 'one monarch back' change is why one of the new SSBN's will be the HMS King George VI.
    6
  2014. Apologies, I thought it looked familiar, pretty sure I mentioned Sharks loss in the previous episode as well! 😀
    6
  2015. Indeed
    6
  2016. A lot of destroyers got new pennant numbers during WW2
    6
  2017. That's NapalmRatte, he's an authentic German :)
    6
  2018. Yes, that's why the a calibre-equivilant thickness drops substantially when you account for the angling of the armour and fall of shell as compared to a 90-degree perpendicular impact.
    6
  2019.  @dxb338 Yep, that's one of the 'dead-end' types I'll be covering at some point in the future :)
    6
  2020.  @gregorywright4918  no, it's from a 19th century publication. Even Disney hasn't managed to extend things that far back. 😀
    6
  2021. Only two remote mics and someone had to monitor the camera 😀
    6
  2022.  @jonathanbiggar4973  yep, she had a long form video for her 😀
    6
  2023.  @georgewallis7802  Kormorans Captain was not psychic, he could only guess as to why Sydney did what it did any more than we can. So that half of the battle can only ever be interpretation. Plus we also have something of a contradiction in overall terms. People point to Kormorans crew having a consistency to their story as evidence of their reliability. But the Bismarck crew accounts are all over the place and we are also supposed to accept a single narrative from that. But you can't have it both ways and claim both as reliable. Hence, in the absence of any information from Sydneys crew on why they did what they did and what their perspective is, you can only ever honestly say "well, this is what one side says" even if we choose to largely believe them.
    6
  2024. I try to include little cultural references, mostly for fun but also to see who gets them! :)
    6
  2025. combatmikearms sure
    6
  2026. Watch this space:D
    6
  2027. Yeah, I think the question was how much fuel the Walter boats would've carried, and I've never seen a plan with tank volumes for the pure Walter boats the question mentioned :)
    6
  2028. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    6
  2029. I wish! Just me :D
    6
  2030. However, light carriers were not present at all battles and in 1942 not in the USN at all. Thus, it's very unlikely the capabilities of light carriers were factored into overall IJN carrier doctrine. Their smaller carriers tended to operate off on secondary objectives, and the Hiyos were definitely more size limited than anything else for their airwings
    6
  2031. It's called 'The Last Warrior' 😀
    6
  2032. For those you have to go back before the 'classic' age of sail, and the field suddenly becomes so wide its more of a mini-series 😀
    6
  2033. Go for it
    6
  2034.  @aaronmoore569  ?
    6
  2035. For somewhat understandable reasons nobody seems to have wanted to paint a picture of the encounter I was discussing at the time, so I went with a 'relevant time period battle that has a ship on fire in it' to give the general gist of things :)
    6
  2036. Scott's group would've been off-axis for Mikawas advance but could've tried to intervene later.
    6
  2037.  @bjarkih1977  I believe because it was written off at the time due to going down with the ship.
    6
  2038. I'll probably do one like that covering his pre-WW2 life and history
    6
  2039.  @Alex-cw3rz  auto-correct is dumb :p
    6
  2040. The main thing with naval shells was the fuse would be started by impact with a solid object, and Water when hit at high speed acts solid enough to intiate most fuses. The fuses usually have a delay, the idea being that the shell would detonate inside the ship after approximately a set length of travel. However, if the fuse is initiated by impact with the water, the continuous presence of water slows the shell much faster than punching through armour into air. Hence the shell tends to detonate shortly after entering the water of its own volition.
    6
  2041. That's a travesty. He should get retroactive medals!
    6
  2042. I had a section on the spar torpedo in my original response but felt I needed to cut it out for time purposes as I want to do a full video on torpedo evolution at some point. :)
    6
  2043. We know the crew complement and the total survivors, but several sources indicate c.1,500 troops were also embarked, which few sources take account of in the casualty numbers.
    6
  2044. I only take sponsorships from companies whose products I already use and I feel might be actually useful. I can't put the ad any earlier because that's the intro music, I put them at the start so you can make a choice where to start watching and the main content is uninterrupted.
    6
  2045. Most ships I cover were built, the 'never built' ones I cover must have been at least designed in a fair amount of detail. :)
    6
  2046. Augusto Ferrer-Dalmau
    6
  2047. Further note - for future reference, how do I pronounce there? I'm thinking looking at them "Ill-Marie-Nen" and "Vay-Nam-Oy-Nen", but would appreciate any corrections.
    6
  2048. thendol97 I'll put them on the next list update.
    6
  2049. Apologies for misunderstanding!
    6
  2050. That is... Almost entirely wrong.
    5
  2051.  @f12mnb  commerce raiding by hostile powers I think came to a peak in the Napoleonic Wars, industry advanced in the early-mid 19th century meant most wars would result in one side overmatching the other and shutting down both their trade and commerce raiding to below useful levels.
    5
  2052. But a vastly smaller bursting charge, which means each penetrating hit will do considerably less damage.
    5
  2053. In addition to the above mentioned, the balance of the main magazines was changes to carry more HE, and various defences like anti-missile systems were also installed on most ships specced for D-Day bombardment missions
    5
  2054. When you remove the 45 seconds or so for the intro and outright a reasonable number at 5 mins and something 😀
    5
  2055. Yep. Sometime in the next few months.
    5
  2056. According to survivors Bismarck focussed down on Rodney first as the bigger threat, with the German FCS being modern, but Rodney's also being updated from when it was built, but critically being far better protected.
    5
  2057.  @fabricedevaux5155  it's going to have its own video :)
    5
  2058.  @neurofiedyamato8763  thanks for the clarification, the Nelson's 16" were still powerful and competitive in WW2 and their real-life performance against Bismarck seems to indicate their capability was a bit better than their on-paper stats, but of course Iowa and Tomato are newer ships and in the case of the former, much bigger, which gives them certain advantages. The G3's armour and speed would remain competitive though.
    5
  2059.  @Nemisiscreed  Basically the German guns were at least at first bigger than the monitors guns and a hit to the monitor could sink it, whereas anything but a direct hit to the gun itself was unlikely to trouble the coastal emplacement.
    5
  2060.  tokul76  Should've said Mk 16 through 21
    5
  2061.  @lalucre1803  their planned role went very well in a number too North Sea engagements. But at Jutland poor ammo handling, not lack of armour, combined with facing German battlecruisers instead of armoured or protected cruisers, led to their lossses.
    5
  2062. He certainly pulled back on co-operation, but the Sodaks and Iowa would all later make appearances on Arctic convoy escort duty once they restarted the program.
    5
  2063. Was it Corn Flakes? :D
    5
  2064. Hello, they are resting brackets for the guns, each has a hydraulic piston to prevent the guns depressing into the deck or the turret in front of it but allowing further depression up to a maximum value when broadside.
    5
  2065. Still in a box
    5
  2066. Couldn't find any tanks with signal flags on their antenna 😀
    5
  2067. Partially covered by it and partially above it, if you look at some of the photos where the upper part of the blister is removed you should be able to spot the change from hull plating to armour plating :)
    5
  2068. Eventually, but the HSF at sea would be the more immediate distraction.
    5
  2069. Not yet
    5
  2070. It's on my list for next time :)
    5
  2071.  @BremsstrahlungChannel  drop me an email :)
    5
  2072. They're on the list :)
    5
  2073. Sar Jim I think the G3/N3 would have made surprisingly good AA platforms, the rear half being clear of main guns would've allowed them to build a huge AA nest with big arcs of fire. :)
    5
  2074. It's a long list :)
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  2075. As its introductory, I left it out as due to advances in research and declassification I feel Morrison, whilst an excellent read, is probably best read once someone realises there are inaccuracies albeit not usually the authors fault.
    5
  2076. It's possible but the sea state at the time doesn't seem to allow for a sufficient roll to make much of a difference.
    5
  2077. Schneider was a superb gunner to get his shells on target so quickly, mixed with the luck of the draw as to exactly where the shell would land.
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  2078. It's entirely possible the fire spread or the change in angle made something fall or break to cause later explosions (Barham exploded due to capsizing), but the fact the bow rose up out of the water and then slipped away means whatever happened likely occurred on the way to the bottom, not whilst the bow was at the surface.
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  2079. It's on the list somewhere :)
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  2080. As I mentioned in a Drydock, I make sure to track down the source articles/books for verification. In this case that meant quite the hunt for an extant copy of the Warship International article on the class, so we are singing from the same hymn sheet I think :) That said, if you feel my information is too close in format to yours and you'd like a credit, feel free to drop me a message on Discord to discuss. :)
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  2081.  @raptor4916  Chapter 12 of Naval Ordnance 1937 (USN), D K Browns series, primarily 'Warrior to Dreadnought', also 'The Black Battlefleet'
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  2082. Step 1 is finding a native Portuguese speaker who watches the channel and has enough time on his hands to help out. :)
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  2083. That would be the English Armada, didn't end quite as badly, but few things ever did. Coming later this year!
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  2084. I was talking more about when radar began to replace aircraft on cruisers, being able to drop the hangar and catapult amidships suddenly gave you loads of space to play with when it came to adding guns and radar.
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  2085. During the day, yes, a full Kido Butai strike is not survivable, but at night, the FAA can fly and the IJN can't. :)
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  2086. Look for the LS-2 class 'Leichte-Schnellboote'
    5
  2087. When soundcloud decides it's wants to be friends again :)
    5
  2088. Yep
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  2089. You can only read so many case-studies of what happens when things are built by the lowest bidder before you become subconsciously mis-trustful of most man-made structures :D
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  2090. Yep, but that was the only way my brain was going to let me use that ladder :D
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  2091. Both destroyers are on the longer list. :) As for AA, I do completely agree it was justified, but the sheer number of guns amuses me so it's also fun to make humour from it. :)
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  2092.  @normanboyes4983  oh how I hate auto-correct! 😀
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  2093.  @michaelcox7564  I own several wooden marlin spikes...
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  2094.  @GrouchierBear  on the larger frigates there was proportionally more space, and the crew would be almost entirely or entirely volunteers, which the USN could afford with a smaller navy. However, when it comes to overall conditions and gunnery training, it's variable based on the Captain. Of course, with a smaller navy the US could be much more picky about its Captains but a good RN Captain would drill just as much or more, and ensure accommodations were just as good. However, with a much larger navy there was also scope for a far larger range of quality. Couple that with a lot of the best ships being stationed on French blockade duty, the average RN ship off the US coast was likely not as efficient as the average US ship, but there were some vessels like Endymion and Shannon that were really good. Arguably Java was also pretty well handled, albeit her gunners seemed to be a little less accurate than Constitutions, but with the size and firepower advantage the US ship had, even entirely equal crews would still have heavily favoured the US ship. You could think of it like a fight between HMS Renown and USS Washington, both ships are at the peak of their game, but materially the US ship is superior, which makes the British ship winning an uphill struggle. And then factor for not every British ship is as well crewed as Renown.
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  2095. Yep, flower class are somewhere on the list but feel free to ask for other classes as well.
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  2096. Sure, although my specials list is going to be almost as long as the ships list at this rate :p
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  2097.  @konnigkratz  Basically even the largest of projectiles are actually pretty small compared to a ship of any significant size. If they exit the ship leaving a hole only a bit larger than the projectile, it's actually a relatively easy patch compared to the damage that would've been done by the same projectile actually exploding inside the ship.
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  2098. Maybe, depending on how dates line up
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  2099. I think that broadly speaking it's a matter of saturation, the FAA was relatively small in the Grand scheme of WW2 air forces and of that only a portion flew American aircraft, so finding an FAA pilot who flew American aircraft would be a fair bit harder to do than finding an American pilot who flew a British aircraft. :)
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  2100. Yeah, as I've mentioned in other comments, the USN up until at least WW2 seems to have gotten very focused on specific gunnery exercises in peacetime (usually because Congress cut funds so much) and perfected shooting in flat calm controlled conditions, then got a nasty shock each war when they had to shoot at speed in rough/night/etc conditions. The initial dispersion problems with a lot of their 14" triples didn't help.
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  2101. Sadly GW don't support it any more, I've got a ton of ships for it though :D
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  2102. I've hired similar units in the past to clean reenactment armour, my intentions with this unit are threefold, it makes it easy to keep my own kit and a lot of other things I own rust free, I'm hoping to make some of the costs back by opening a small rust-cleaning business for reenactment kit and antiques, plus I can offer its services to museum ships that cannot justify buying one themselves.
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  2103. @jebise1126  yep, centimetric radar could spot a surfaced sub far further than the ships ASDIC could, escorts had to then chase down the contact and hope the sub hadn't dived and moved out of position by the time they got to ASDIC range, but simply forcing a sub to dive when it didn't want to could put it out of position to be able to attack.
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  2104. I wasn't referring to the ASM-N-2 Bat :)
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  2105. Tracer was eventually added to the pom-pom mid-war, and you are correct, in normal circumstances the lengthy reloading process meant under sustained attack it was sometimes better with the bigger mounts to fire some barrels and have reloads take place with the other half still available, but when it came to a kamikaze simply chewing it apart with all 8 barrels was a very useful feature. :)
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  2106. Radar, radio, aircraft, submarines, torpedoes and mines :)
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  2107. I don't know enough about then to give a definitive account. If you have any suggestions for references to look up I'd appreciate them. :)
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  2108. "The Hunted, 1942-45" claims on of the B-25's found and attacked U-506, also carrying survivors, the following day.
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  2109. That's for its own video :)
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  2110. Not really, I tried to make it as balanced as realistically possible given the circumstances.
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  2111. Hello, and thanks for the extensive post, please allow me to respond. :) 1) I used British since, although the Act of Union was some ways off, the King was in charge of England and Scotland, with Scottish men and officers in his service, so the realm was effectively 'British' at that point. 2) The abbreviation HMS was used later, but in the period of the Medway Raid ships were already referred to as "His Majesties Ship" in full, the abbreviation is just helpful in shortening references. 3) I did mention the deliberate sinking of many RN warships to prevent their capture. 4) I specifically mentioned the losses of other major RN ships at the Four Days Battle etc in the early part of the video. I also noted that the losses and the remaining small force of large ships was a major problem and tipped the war in favour of the Dutch. 5) Line ahead had been used by ships going back to 1500 in places, however, use of the tactic was sporadic and actual effective use of the tactic along with ships designed to exploit it's advantages was still a new and untested thing by the time of the 2nd Anglo-Dutch War. 6) I specifically noted that after the disaster of disorganised and fractious command in the Dutch forces was recognised, they were quick to get their act together and act much more effectively. 7) Whilst there was heroic defence in places, including some rushed crews, the simple fact is that many ships were 'in ordinary' and uncrewed, or practically so. 8) Indeed bit out of the detailed scope of the video :) 9) The Dutch reaction to the loss of the merchant fleet, it's cargo and warehouses was significant, it collapsed the Dutch stock market and caused riots, whilst the Dutch had many ships, the fleet lost represented a significant number of the larger ocean going merchant's as opposed to the much more numerous coastal traders that made up the majority of the Dutch trade fleet. I don't think this raid can be dismissed as a medium scale event, not least because the Dutch themselves at the highest levels considered it a very heavy blow. 10) The idea of the channel isn't to give every single detail of every single aspect of the subject being covered, otherwise each video would be twenty hours long or more. The idea is to give a relatively detailed overview which informs those who would like simply to know roughly what happened, and to inspire others to look in more detail at the finer points of the history surrounding the event. :)
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  2112. Mainly it's the fact they are responsible for the unnecessary deaths of many servicemen due to their stubborn refusal to address the issue with the weapons they created.
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  2113. I don't know if enough footage was taken for 3d photogrammetry
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  2114.  @ferky123  it is now, thanks!
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  2115.  @radishinglad998  a lot of nations would only have one or two major cannon makers, but the larger ones would have more obviously. A newly commissioned ship might be fitted almost wholly with cannon from one place if it was lucky, but whatever happened on commission a ship would land its guns when in ordinary, and then be re-equipped with whatever was available in the needed calibre. This was why standard patterns were really important, as you didn't want a couple of dozen 24lbers each with their own charge tolerances and shot requirements etc.
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  2116.  @lukedogwalker  they H-39's were still quite overweight for their capabilities, but proportionaly they were closer to designs like Lion '42 and Iowa in displacement, still 5-6kt too heavy, but that's a smaller margin at the around 45-55kt displacement range as compared to the 35-45kt range of these treaty period.
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  2117. First got to get some Chinese books put of China! I've tried to acquire Sino Japanese War history books 3 times, once even specifically from Hong Kong, each time they've reach the Chinese side of customs and been returned to the seller and the order cancelled. 😀
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  2118. The supposed ratings of Age of Sail US warships generally tended to be deceptively conservative 😀
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  2119. I understand that obviously differences in opinion will arise and this action is one of the most controversial of the war. Hence why I tried to ensure that when I was expressing my opinion, I was clear that is was my subjective opinion, with the facts stated separately. That said, what it comes down to for me is less the 'strategic' side of things, who was justified in what, who was overly aggressive, what was and wasn't a surprise etc. Because there are so many arguments back and forth there that many arguments can be advanced that all have facts to back them up but arrive at different conclusions. Instead, I prefer to look at the practical 'tactical' side of how things could have gone differently once the situation was at hand. At the end of the day, politicians can create all sorts of situations but someone on the frontline has ultimately to pull the trigger or not. From that perspective, the rights or wrongs of the grander situation are less important than the fact the situation is happening regardless. (And as I believe I said, in hindsight the attack was a mistake, but also justified given what they knew at the time). For example, when the IJN showed up at Pearl Harbour, the practical man grabs a gun and shoots back, not stands there yelling at the Vals, Kate's and Zeros that they haven't formally declared war yet. Likewise when Hood was hit, the fact it was a one in a million shot doesn't mean they get a rerun and ignore the result, they still have to deal with the fact the magazines detonated. Etc etc Thus, in my analysis, whatever rights and wrongs of the politics, Gensoul had a situation to deal with, he had a duty to preserve his fleet and his men to the benefit of his country, or if they had to fight and die, to ensure they could acquit themselves well. He had chances for either option and screwed up both. In the end, his actions did not serve France, the Marine Nationale or his officers and men well at all. Whilst it's true Somerville could also have changed the way it went, he mostly took advantage of the opportunities presented to try and resolve matters peacefully and most other options had real operational constraints on them, whereas Gensoul seemed to invent restrictions out of thin air and almost deliberately make things more difficult, thus not really running up against any operational barriers. Hence, I focus most of my ire on him as the one person who could've done the most to change the outcome relative to what happened. I hope that helps clarify my position somewhat. :)
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  2120. A red line with me is when people make decisions that cost the lives of those under their command needlessly and unreasonably. I can't forgive those types of people.
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  2121. Check the vid description, I have no idea :) It coincides with light flickers so I'm thinking it may be an EM artefact the microphone picked up of power surges.
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  2122.  @alanclague2333  not yet
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  2123. Not yet but it is on the list to do. :)
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  2124. My plan is to scan/photo them all and then build them into a series of albums organised by nation, type and period (using ph-neutral albums). Once that is done they will likely be donated to an appropriate archive.
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  2125. When I can get onto Victory :)
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  2126. If you can get copies the books by Friedman, Burt, Brown and Dulin/Garzke are excellent for building a solid base of knowledge about the technical side of naval development. Beyond that, I can recommend numerous good books on specific topics. I also find for anything contentious it's worth either getting either multiple books or a book with multiple authors.
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  2127. I think Dan Snow is fractionally taller, but may be just my perception
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  2128. Indeed, Churchill politically in the 1900s and 1910s was a completely different person to the one of the 1930s and 1940s
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  2129. Part 3.1 coming October 5th :)
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  2130. But which kind? 😁
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  2131. As I understand it the conning tower is technically an extension to the pressure hull on the topside, or a small additional hull attached to it. The sail is then the fairing around it but is the bit that isn't watertight. Of course, terminology varies by navy and time period.
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  2132. Very large buildings :)
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  2133. It was more that to get the high velocity they needed the 50 calibre length, and that makes the gun quite heavy and thus slower to train as well as needing a heavier and deeper mount.
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  2134. I believe it's due to the overall force present being suction due to the ship going down, but as you say the gas bubble rises. This means the local momentum of the water is upwards (as the bubble is displacing the water) and this anything in that water column, like a person, would be propelled upwards as well. Coupled with natural buoyancy, this would allow a person to rise to the surface even if generally everything around them is being sucked down.
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  2135. Coming next year :)
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  2136.  @gth042  If my correspondence with them doesn't get a decent outcome, sure.
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  2137. For WW2 or generally?
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  2138. I'll be updating my website in the next 48 hours
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  2139. The sources I used had her designated as CV(N)-6, possibly they reworked that retroactively to avoid confusion when nuclear powered carriers came along?
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  2140. Damn, Will have to add links instead. Probably a conflict of image file types in the video creator
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  2141. Thankyou for doing so, and please keep it up :) Let's just say I'm working on Wargaming, and feel free to friend me in Wows if you're on the EU server. :)
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  2142. I believe she is on the list.
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  2143. I think it's just a product of conducting an interview across literally the entire planet :D
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  2144. Stephen Bond sure
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  2145. If you look at production levels the UK produced more planes, guns, tanks, ships etc than Germany by a fair margin.
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  2146. The key thing is what comparison metric to use, there's a site I like to use that goes back to medieval times but will give you multiple metrics including direct inflationary value, equivilant earning power, relative percent of GDP etc. I usually prefer earning power equvilant as that gives a relative idea of value.
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  2147. The drone is small enough to safely operate indoors, but it loses its GPS station-keeping and it can be fun keeping it level on the internal air currents. :)
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  2148. Hmm, Terrible Ships and Tactics collab with LazerPig?
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  2149.  @luvr381  I understand that Mavericks, Exocets and Harpoons were frequently used in the Tanker War, alongside Silkworms. I can easily believe Missouri shrugging off multiple hits from those smaller missiles since as you said they're not designed to deal with armoured targets. Due ironically to its age Silkworm was designed in an era where large armoured ships were still a consideration, and it's warhead alone is almost as heavy as one of the smaller missiles. So the impact of 9 Silkworms would be a completely different event to any 9 of the more common missiles. I wonder if the threat analysis for that period is publically available yet?
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  2150. I'm half-Bolivian, I'm well aware of the cheerful way South American countries have of pointing guns at each other and declaring war the moment it's convenient.
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  2151. Limited resources were invested almost entirely in a battlefleet with relatively little devoted to escorts or escort doctrine.
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  2152. Probably more for morale than anything else, but it is a relatively good place to fire from.
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  2153. If he'd been informed it was available then he most likely would've accepted it, against un-escorted bombers the Buffalo's don't even strictly have to shoot anyone down, just break up the attacks.
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  2154. The US/Russian incident could be counted, I drew a vague line at "deliberate attempt to damage/sink the other ship" as opposed to "we both want to go home at the end of the day"
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  2155. This video weirdly doubles as the 'next step' in the Spruance series, so when I get back to that I'll probably cover them :)
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  2156. Basically there was tension between the UK as the current top sea-power and the USA which looked to be doing it's best to unseat the UK in naval terms. Given the financial and industrial disparity the situation was that the current global superpower (the UK) would either have to cede its position peacefully (and what dominant power has ever done that?) by the end of the 1930's or else fight to retain it's position. Alongside that was a number of Anglophobe US government figures who want to take the UK down several notches by force to enforce American dominance, post WW1 America was going through a brief phase of global interest before reverting back towards a more isolationist stance later in the decade.
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  2157. Funny, any questions about Americans directed at me is 50:50 asking me why I like them so much or why I hate them so much. :D
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  2158. Péter I. Szabó thanks
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  2159. Interesting, the book I was looking at claimed the two ship designs were not directly related, but lessons from Santissima were incorporated into the design of the Santa Ana
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  2160. We needed hulls ASAP :)
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  2161. This is usually a fudge factor of miscellaneous weight added at the bottom line of the torpedo and other weapons tab.
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  2162.  @Primarch359  the Royal Navy ended up charting most of the planet during the 19th century.
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  2163. He understood American industrial capability very well. It was the cultural issues that were the problem.
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  2164. 1) The USN taking a lot of lessons from Victorious fighter control system is right there in the primary sources that are the USN's reports on the whole USS Robin exercise. If you don't like that fact, take it up with the USN. 2) During Pedestal, whilst the carriers were present none of the critical merchant ships were lost to air assault. All those losses happened after the carriers had to turn back. Again, easily checked from primary sources showing the dates the merchants were sunk and the date the carriers left. I do actually research these things you know, I'd expect someone to do the same before they start spamming all caps comments that completely contradict the actual reports written by the very Navy they are trying to 'defend'.
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  2165. Observes
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  2166. The Mauser and Ross were the easiest for me of the rifles, that's why I went with the Chilean Mauser for taking out the mine :)
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  2167. 😞
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  2168. It's definitely on the list.
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  2169.  @davidwatson8118  Other Sydney's need their own videos :)
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  2170.  @Flapjackbatter  yeah it's a learning process, I got the lapel set for me to do better onsite videos, didn't realise I'd also be doing interviews when I made the.pirchase:D
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  2171. No, they didn't, it was one speech at the start of her voyage by one man, which I see no reason to respect.
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  2172. It's probably because YT offers more in-video ad options etc to videos over 10 mins, so a lot of people are making longer videos so they can enable that option.
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  2173. Well, the one where both sides got lost and never had a big fleet battle 😂 I'm the battles where they actually got to fight, one or both of them went down or were heavily damaged 5 out of 7 times. They're just so big and fragile, the Germans BC's almost always went for them once they had good enough spotting to identify them.
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  2174. Indeed, but they weren't complete by 1939 :)
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  2175. Fixed :)
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  2176. Most of it was available from just after WW2 when the results of the salvage and the ships crews interviews and reports became known. But as with a lot of things from this period the most flashy bits about the fight get emphasized at the expense of the detail. For example, many accounts of the battle will mention that the ship was low on ammo, or make a deal about the large amount of superficial damage (eg to the secondary and anti-aircraft battery). But since the overall loss of speed and the destruction of the fuel processing equipment don't tie into the outcome of the battle itself, they get ignored by basic and pop-history. (The Graf Spee would have had to have fought through the night and into the next day for the fuel situation to become critical and the ships guns and armour meant the relative loss of speed was somewhat irrelevant as long as the British chose to fight, save for perhaps making it easier to aim torpedoes). It's also a case of death by a thousand cuts, no one issue save for running out of ammo would've made it impossible to get home, even if the fuel system was wrecked if the engines were still working and there wasn't a hole in the bow they probably could've made a run for a friendlier port, etc. So unless you go into the fine details of the battle these smaller issues don't really get talked about. As for internment, the primary issue was that the government was friendly to the British, getting interned in Montivideo would've basically meant the British could have had agents aboard within hours of the crew being escorted off. Hence why they were thinking about making a run for Germany-friendly Argentina, which would not have let that happen, but Langsdorff evidently did not think the ship would survive a fight with Renown, which the Graf Spee could not have shaken or fought off even in new condition.
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  2177. As commander of TF16 and originally the only TF sent to Midway (as I pointed out in the video, Yorktown had to catch up as they weren't sure if she'd be patched up in time), Spruance had to come up with the plan of action before it was clear Fletcher would make it. From the sources I read, it was also clear that Spruance was the one who have Enterprise and Hornet the launch order, which makes sense as again he was TF16 commander, Fletcher gave the overall orders but the specifics of when and where TF16 launched were down to Spruance. Additionally at the time Yorktown was recovering aircraft and thus not in a position to focus on co-ordinating a strike. Once Yorktown was crippled and Fletcher had handed over operational control of the situation, Spruance technically had responsibility for Yorktown as well, even if she was badly damaged at that point (and later sunk).
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  2178. A lot of the late-war 'lone wolf' attacks seem to have been determined to live.
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  2179. An attempt to get the idea across using archaic terms without stepping on the toes of another YT'er who has adopted the more modern version.
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  2180.  @WilliamJones-Halibut-vq1fs  You've just done the same mistake I pointed out earlier to others, you're reading off figures for the 15" gun using WW1 era shells and charges. (32.5k yards at just over 30 degrees with WW2 shells, 36.5k yards if also using super-charges). Moreover, as I also pointed out, ranges of 30k+ yards are largely irrelevant figures since nobody could actually hit anything at those ranges (even the Iowa's 16"/50 guns in peacetime conditions against a broadside target using radar and late-war FCS could only manage 2.7% hit rates, with the expectation that this would be substantially less in wartime). Scharnhorst did not receive the Fumo 26 radar until about 2 years after the action against Renown, and when it did the antenna fitted was substantially smaller than the one on Tirpitz so is not relevant to that particular action, and by the time it was fitted, As per the above, even late and post-war in practice conditions it did not prove possible to accurately hit at ranges much beyond the low-20k's of yards. In theory an ultra-long-range hit would be mathematically possible, but nobody was ever able to actually do so, again, even in peacetime exercise conditions. There is a major factor in long range fire calculations that many seem to miss. At ranges of around 35k yards, the shell flight time is about a minute, during that time a fast ship like a Renown or a Scharnhorst can move about a kilometer in a wide arc. Anyone finding themselves under such long range fire and worried about being hit would be able to simply do what HMS Rodney did in the early part of the exchange with Bismarck, change course slightly every time a salvo is fired by the enemy. Even if your fire solution was 100% accurate at the time of firing, you still wouldn't hit anything because the target ship would have moved a significant distance in a direction different to that which it was heading in when you fired.
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  2181. It's usually a bunch of fragile stuff someone forgot to take off-deck, people tended to forget about backblast. :p
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  2182. Yep, torpedo rams needed all the agility they could get
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  2183. The flip side is that you don't need someone to be a 'proper' pilot for a Downfall kamikaze, you need someone who can get a plane off the ground and then down again into a target, not a lot else. Likewise, it doesn't matter if the aircraft will seize up after 100 miles if it only has to go 50. And whilst the Allies had plenty of plans to interdict Japan, they had similar plans to stop kamikazes etc in the last few invasions, didn't always work. Assuming everything will go as planned is an extremely dangerous way to think. According to most Japanese survivors accounts I've read, the main reason for lack of resistance post-war was because the Emperor said so.
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  2184.  @Alex-cw3rz   We say no to pay to win  in general no, but they'd open up further engagement opportunities elsewhere, (more operations off Brazil, the US coast etc). You also have to remember the Type VII was under continuous construction for 9 years, the Gato was only built for just under 3 years. Over the same time as Type VII, the US built well over 200 fleet subs and of course weren't building many in 39-41. Also, as per my answer in the video, the operating environment, level of opposition and number of available targets are all different, which makes comparison somewhat difficult at the best of times.
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  2185. Yep, in many cases badly damaged US ships had temporary repairs done in Australia before staging back to CONUS, Pearl or even Simonstown for more extensive repairs.
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  2186. 'Smokeless' is a bit misleading in it's title. 'Less smoke' would be more accurate. Basically the difference at capital ship gun scales was 'small cloud of smoke per gun' as opposed to the old "instant void of gunpowder smoke you can't see anything through for the next ten minutes." Different nations mixes of powder obviously also varied and changed internally over time.
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  2187. Indeed, I'm doing these videos in order of my visits :)
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  2188. Correct, we haven't run out of 'u' like America seems to have :p
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  2189. I'm a weird hybrid, I tend to use Imperial for anything over half and inch but switch to mm for small measurements. I use more metric in volume measures though.
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  2190. It's a small island, the old rent to hunt seals there gave it the name :)
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  2191. Hood's engine spaces held late 1910's era machinery, replacement with modern units would give a significant power increase if done on a 1:1 basis. The Kongo's are an example of this working in practice. Even without some.machonery to free up displacement for changes, Hood can probably hit c.33 knots out of refit, whilst Vanguard's general average speed was around 30-30.5 knots outside of trials.
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  2192. A lot of them asked to be landed in British controlled or influenced portions of Africa where they would be safe, a few settled elsewhere in the Empire including the UK.
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  2193. In theory I'd be happy to
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  2194. They're doing ok at the moment
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  2195. eatthisvr6 I could redo some of them on request.
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  2196. Marco A Fonseca will do
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  2197. U-3008 is definitely a XXI :)
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  2198. They played a part in allowing the Ottomans to publicly side with Germany, albeit they already had a secret treaty to join, but as the same time so did Italy and look how that worked out :)
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  2199. I have literally zero control over what YouTube decides to put on ads.
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  2200. I can add that to the list of special videos
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  2201. The technical expertise and knowledge is certainly gone. It could be done and likely quicker with modern technology. Bit they would first have to redevelop the tooling and techniques working up from existing 8" guns
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  2202. She was sold for scrap in WW2, but the scrapyard stripped her down to a near-empty hull and hoped to make more money selling that as a barge. At that point the battleship was gone in my opinion. The US armed forces got hold of the resulting barge in court and used that as you describe.
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  2203. No, Operation Hailstone was sort-of Spruance Part 3 as it picks up where Part 2 left off. I'm hoping to continue the series next month. :)
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  2204. der Fuchs F3 was about 1500t lighter on the same dimensions due to carrying less fuel so would have a slightly shallower draft and more reserve buoyancy.
    5
  2205. Deck armour estimates vary wildly, between 7 and 9 inches. The source I used (in hard copy) can be seen here: https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=IJbYDgAAQBAJ&lpg=PA84&dq=yamato%20deck%20armour&pg=PA84#v=onepage&q=yamato%20deck%20armour&f=false This cross section is reproduced in a number of books and appears to show an 8 inch thick main deck with just over 9 inches on the sloped outer edges.
    5
  2206. Maril005 sure :)
    5
  2207. Yep, fixed now :)
    5
  2208. Only so much I can fit in a summary video :)
    5
  2209. Lot's of possibilities, things falling over causing a spark in the magazines, random fires spreading to the magazines, boilers exploding and setting off the magazines. Possibly even something big enough tearing free or falling and compressing the shells enough to set them off. Ironically in some ways once your ship is going over like this you actually kind of want it to be poorly designed for watertight integrity, that way water is more likely to get to the magazines before anything more dangerous.
    5
  2210. Eh, it was kinda a European competition back then, the Brits were late starters but somehow ended up winning. 😀
    5
  2211. Where exactly did I say they were stupid?
    5
  2212. Not yet, but can add to the list
    5
  2213. Warspite has a video already. :) Sovereign of the Seas is die to come :)
    5
  2214. It also has a depth fuse to stop them detonating on impact with the water :)
    5
  2215. This is true, to an extent I used the point about obvious bias as a shorthand to indicate that their arguments lack any real merit or basis in reality, essentially because I didn't want to waste several minutes tearing apart blatantly partisan and meritless positions, as I would rather focus on what the professionals on both sides were saying :)
    5
  2216. As the ship was launched in 1930's it falls under the time period covered, like the Iowa's, I covered their service up into the '90's. The reason I haven't covered HMS Blake (1940's edition) is that I haven't covered the Tiger class yet, and I prefer to cover the class before I cover the ships in that class.
    5
  2217. There are so many factors involved it would need its own video, one that would probably run longer than this entire runtime.
    5
  2218.  @adrien5834  true, although I've noticed it does get it wrong a fair bit in the foreign languages I can speak :)
    5
  2219.  @lukedogwalker  in theory they were supposed to be able to tank 16" gunfire (Colorado/Nagato/Nelson type) to get to c.14-16k yards.
    5
  2220. I was looking for ships that had a sustained history of notable accomplishments, whilst famous, Olympia and Aurora's main contribution to history was centered around a couple of famous incidents.
    5
  2221. A lot of the issues revolved around the ships chronic inability to turn, somewhat important with foxed guns, and that it's construction and some meant it bobbed and weaved everywhere when trying to keep up with actual cruisers. Machinery wasn't that reliable either.
    5
  2222. I'm actually planning a video on the English Armada at some point :)
    5
  2223. True, but the pre-war USN wasn't exactly large, most of the ships of the line were in mothballs precisely because there wasn't the funds or men to run them. A fully crewed Pennsylvania needs as many many as a dozen ironclads or other smaller craft.
    5
  2224. It would be a technically correct use of the term :)
    5
  2225.  @henrythewhite  since YT removed the 'featured channels' I should probably do a small video covering the channels I'd recommend. 😀
    5
  2226. He doesn't have a YT channel and his ane is right there every time he speaks :)
    5
  2227. Nuisance was an RN dog at Simonstown, an RN base in South Africa, where Marblehead stopped for repairs.
    5
  2228. Wake was what the report the crew received said :)
    5
  2229. That was an earlier designation system.
    5
  2230.  @ChibiBritishDwarf  it was technically armoured, but nowhere thick enough to deal with the bombs of the 1940's.
    5
  2231. I was thinking of Nautilus! 😀
    5
  2232. If its not in Part 1 or 2 it should be booked in for the livestream
    5
  2233. The actually lived, the explosives weren't large enough for much energy to be left after they'd breached the hull and defences.
    5
  2234. Basically when I can stop hacking up my own lungs :D😂
    5
  2235. Still processing
    5
  2236. Longer hulls relative to beam increases speed, but also the need for considerably more machinery, the amount of power needed to increase speed increases dramatically past about 18-20 knots and the curve keeps getting steeper.
    5
  2237. The main problem is getting to them, you'd have to demolish a bunch of the superstructure and cut through the main armour deck.
    5
  2238. Apparently so, I missed that!
    5
  2239. Bismarck is a weird mix of old and new design philosophies, whilst some aspects of the design iterate from the last WW1 era German designs, there is a lot that is new about them as well, all of which hybridises to give them some great strengths, but also some massive weaknesses.
    5
  2240. Retro-calculating standard displacement for Hood is a dark and mystical practice I tend to shy away from, the figures I used as closest in comparison were the deep/full load figures, where the two ships are about 4kt apart (Hood is just over 46kt, Bismarck around 50kt depending on source). Iowa's standard and full load displacement varies massively depending on the time period considered. Iowa as designed vs Iowa as completed (lots of extra AA) vs 1945 Iowa (even more AA + electronics etc) all yield different figures.
    5
  2241. Maybe for April 1st 😀
    5
  2242. The US would still have happily sold supplies over the Atlantic as they were doing prior to Pearl Harbour :)
    5
  2243. The Dictionary of American Fighting Ships, page 434.
    5
  2244.  @the_Carthaginian1  nope, I was looking at the Mk9/10/11/13/14 which navweaps also lists as 30t
    5
  2245. Did you send me an email? I might need to check spam.
    5
  2246. They did for a while. Turns out it was too explosive even for the British and they changed formula for their shells later in WW1
    5
  2247. As I've noted to others who picked this up, my brain temporarily subbed in the 1920's SoDaks when I was thinking about speed, but it's still going to be 5 knots slower than the carriers. The power requirements between 28 and 30 knots are considerable.
    5
  2248. Indeed, my brain got confused with the other unbuilt 12*16inch USN design.
    5
  2249. A lot was responding to increases in enemy ship capabilities
    5
  2250. At the time, there were very limited posthumous awards.
    5
  2251. Can't cover everything so I was trying to focus on larger campaigns and key ships :)
    5
  2252. Probably start a new Civil War with my Lincolnshire origin and Saff London (innit) childhood pronouncing things differently to other regions of the UK. :p
    5
  2253. Selected the wrong intro when editing :(
    5
  2254. The British system of bases across the world means that unlike say, a Deutschland, there isn't a huge transit time to get to the area you're raiding, you'll probably have a place to refuel and re-arm substantially closer. The specs and capabilities for Unicorn were basically established around the time the Town's were being laid down, she just wasn't ordered for a while afterwards (and to be honest, it didn't take a genius to work out what the specs for the carrier that would be needed to replace Hermes and Eagle would be)
    5
  2255. I did a fair bit of digging for that question and the most even stacking of the evidence seemed to basically come down to the same range, give or take a salvo's CEP, you CAN stack the deck by selective interpretation one way or the other to give an advantage of 5-600 yards either way, but that's not really fair on anyone.
    5
  2256. Yes, as soon as I am able to catch up on the livestreams I owe everyone :)
    5
  2257. The Grand Fleet and Battlecruiser Fleet were considered separate, although the BCF was subordinate when working together.
    5
  2258. The main reason I'd argue Warspite was (just) a great loss than Enterprise (which also should have been preserved) is that Warspite saw out two World Wars instead of 'just' one, and so had a much more varied and extensive list of achievements.
    5
  2259. As a guide, human voices are from the USS Stewart video onwards.
    5
  2260. It's on the list somewhere :)
    5
  2261. donaz hevon pre-dreadnought?
    5
  2262. Warspites lower armour deck had 2.5" NC added to 1" HT in her refit. Edit: Renown oddly enough had additional plate added to her lower decks including extending the flat section out to the armour belt in additio to the slopes, which may also have been upgraded (depends on source)
    5
  2263.  @jeromechan4076  I don't believe so, the Iowa's, like most ships of WW2 was somewhat overloaded topside by the end, and upgrading all the 5"/38 turrets would make that worse. By the time the 40mm etc was removed, AA guns in general had been superseded. But the longer barrel 5" was designed to take advantage of exactly the same technical improvements :)
    5
  2264. Most battleship guns were not able to be loaded at typical battle elevations, so needed to be dropped to reload
    5
  2265. It's on the list :)
    5
  2266. A few are on the list :)
    5
  2267. It was a layered system, the idea being that air filled layers insulate from shock whilst denser water filled layers resist and absorb the energy of the explosion.
    5
  2268. Iron Duke is on the list for later this year.
    5
  2269. Added it to the video description, thanks for catching it!
    5
  2270. Stephen Bond USS Oregon
    5
  2271. Could do, would have to find appropriate music :)
    5
  2272. I only take sponsorship deals from products I actually use and was using before I got offered the deal. :)
    5
  2273. Because people find it interesting
    5
  2274. Clue in the name :)
    5
  2275. Replacement aircraft were usually in bits, not combat ready, and there wouldn't have been storage for sufficient weapons, fuel, pilots, ground crew etc to have them operational for combat use.
    5
  2276. With their own ship and the target moving at speed they could estimate but there would be some variance, which is enough to introduce confusion.
    5
  2277.  @piritskenyer  hence 'tended' :)
    5
  2278. Yes, the last assault on Kiska was the one I was referring to the Japanese abandoning.
    5
  2279. I've read Shattered Sword and whilst I agree it's mostly an excellent book, I do have some disagreement over their assessment of the Aleutian campaign, specifically I think they aim to debunk a very specific interpretation of 'feint' or 'diversion' and end up concluding that because that specific version doesnt work, the whole idea must be thrown out. I tend towards the view that Midway was the primary operation, operation AL was secondary (although it consumed a lot of resources) and ultimately would act as a diversion (assuming the US didn't have codebreaking like it actually did) simply through happening of nothing else.
    5
  2280.  @f12mnb  I'd say any nation you could beat with commerce raiding these days you can probably just straight up beat. And without the risk of hitting the wrong ship and having a dozen Burkes show up telling you to knock it off.
    4
  2281.  @f12mnb  the concentration of trade in fewer and larger ships certainly makes key materials significantly more vulnerable in a conflict where the superior power isn't prepared to go all in.
    4
  2282. Assuming it's dry, but being the Falklands you can bet almost everything was varying degrees of damp :p
    4
  2283. They take a while to do, but we will get one eventually :)
    4
  2284. But I like my limbs attached :D
    4
  2285. Depends on the era you are covering
    4
  2286.  @gustavbonow5416  by the time I run out of vintage warships the ones I consider a bit too modern will be old enough to qualify as vintage :p
    4
  2287.  @MrNicoJac  potentially disturbed substances and leftover aersolised pigeon droppings.
    4
  2288. Muffled gas mask noises
    4
  2289. Schmutz is a term used in water engineering so I'm quite familiar with it :)
    4
  2290.  @miguelmederos8634  I have an extensive library of reference books, I use different ones for different subjects. For this video is used Lambert's "Battleships in Transition", Conway's "History of the ship" and DK Browns "Before the Ironclad".
    4
  2291.  @zeme4836  I do the five minutes guides in the chronological order they were requested (except the Patreon choice at the start of each month), hence they jump all over the place :)
    4
  2292. The German Navy in the 1920's and early '30's was the Reichsmarine, for most of Nazi control it was the Kriegsmarine, the Bundesmarine came about in the times of West Germany.
    4
  2293. At the time of her original design the staff quietly pretended Renown, Repulse and Hood didn't exist, and no-one else had fast battleships at the time.
    4
  2294. Well, if you can't be bothered to wait all of 7 seconds until the human voice kicks in we aren't exactly going to miss you...
    4
  2295. As James indicated, Russia at the time was somewhat antagonistic towards Britain and quite friendly with France, and France at the time was the only other major nation with a long history of major warship construction that was still building ships in any numbers.
    4
  2296. That's Kongo as originally built.
    4
  2297. The G3's were just about laid down before they were cancelled.
    4
  2298. BB or BC this month, other shop classes in coming months :)
    4
  2299.  @scowell  yep, there's plenty of time-lapse photos from air raids showing all the tracer going up, and a few from aircraft as well :)
    4
  2300. Judging German battlecruiser speeds is tricky as the construction companies got bonuses for additional speed, as a result their trial runs were done with elite engineering crews, the best coal money could buy, in shallow water and at ultra light loading. This means that trial speeds can very very misleading compared to real-world combat performance for these ships with more generic crew, average to poor quality coal and a full crew and complement of stores. For example, if trial speeds are accurate then 1st SG at the Battle of Dogger Bank should've easily pulled away once they ditched Blucher, whereas they were actually being gradually overhauled until Beatty misdirected the BCF.
    4
  2301. It depends greatly on what aircraft the carrier has and how it responds to air attack. A couple of squadrons of even Fulmars and Force Z likely survives, there were no escorts for the bombers and even if they had been sent out with Zeros the latter would've had to turn back hours earlier. Plus there weren't any more aerial torpedoes for reloads in the area, the bombers had transferred over and landed about a day before the strike. So if there was a CAP and more fighters ready to go, with radar spotting and fighter control the attack would likely have been blunted enough. Conversely, if the carrier is mostly loaded with strike aircraft and is running ASW patrols only due to not believing the bombers can reach them, well the carrier might still survive as its now 3 major targets, the carrier probably has the best AA and the best ability to dodge, and the IJN don't have infinite torpedoes, but it might still be sunk.
    4
  2302. Prewar KM parade, I've got it in my personal collection
    4
  2303. Not officially an enemy before hostilities are declared :p
    4
  2304. Compared to the overall number of USN ships produced, West Coast production has been significantly less than East Coast, that isn't intended to in any way diminish the contributions of the ships or shipyards on the West Coast, it's purely a matter of statistics that if you find a USN ship the odds are that it's likely a product of the East Coast yards.
    4
  2305. Email me and I'll send you the PDF, it's a set of scans I made at the archives.
    4
  2306. It's not so much the absolute beam as the length to beam ratio that makes it 'narrow' from a structural perspective.
    4
  2307. Sure I'll add it to the list
    4
  2308. A follow-on class that will get their own video :)
    4
  2309. Not yet
    4
  2310. Probably one longer video :)
    4
  2311.  @Alex-cw3rz  ah, sorry for the confusion. The main thing for me on the front you were actually talking about is that a larger Navy keeps industry jobs and capability going which has knock on beneficial effects to the economy, plus of course the extra jobs in the navy. If the money could be diverted to equally or more beneficial programs then fine. But a lot of cuts to defence seem to go on short term political schemes that fail after a few years and go nowhere.
    4
  2312. Done
    4
  2313. The Royal Navy disagrees :)
    4
  2314. Yep, as mentioned it was basically Landship Committee 2: long boi bugaboo:)
    4
  2315. You can get some on their website:)
    4
  2316. The general assumption seems to have been that once the two battle lines settled in for a gun duel all the light forces would've gotten out of the way.
    4
  2317. Where you use information from other sources to fire on an enemy you cannot directly observe
    4
  2318. Definitely
    4
  2319. About 2/3rds of the way through that. :)
    4
  2320. The main issue is that withdrawing mid-fight means no further chance to engage plus running into 3rd fleet on the way back.
    4
  2321. Sure, just got about a year's worth of nominated ships to go! (Although it might've been requested earlier, in which case it'll be up sooner).
    4
  2322. A little late so has something of a straight technological advantage. :)
    4
  2323. I think it depends on context, at the time I think it was a kind of ironic commentary on the massive costs of them relative to all the other things the money could've been spent on, but some of the period references do seem to use the term in a more positive light, a bit like how describing something like the F-22 as a 'gold plated solution' can be positive or negative depending on the commenter :)
    4
  2324. The re-bulged hull or a refit would've changed her underwater profile, but quite what effect that new profile would have on the bow wave we'll never know. Albeit she might've been able to move a bit faster and thus not be where the shell was, but tune in next week on what might have been!
    4
  2325. Which timestamp? :)
    4
  2326. The ending is just nostalgia :)
    4
  2327.  @VersusARCH  it's relative to time period and size. At the time they were laid down, the Espana's were on the low end of battleship protection, but were also very small. Other somewhat larger battleships at the time had only slightly breater protection. Although the Kongos were started only a couple of years later, protection generally was increasing and at their displacement they could've had a lot more armour, but being BC's this was obviously sacrificed for speed. Plus, the Espana class armour had some marginally protective value against their own guns at longer ranges, Kongo dod really have any effective protection against her own guns at any practical battle range.
    4
  2328. That assumes the politicians cared about some random villagers :D
    4
  2329. Yep, High Seas Fleet at the end of WW1, bit also one of the clearest period photos of the Anchorage. :)
    4
  2330. Basically depending on material quality a given armour plate may be more or less effective at resisting shells, so for a 10inch thick plate, a plate 10% better would give the equivilant of 11inches of protection compared to the baseline
    4
  2331. For the sake of time I covered the major navies active for most of WW2, the French Navy was largely inactive for most of it and their armour was decent with nothing spectacular either way so I cut that bit out for use ifni get around to talking about French battleship design in that period.
    4
  2332. I've been an engineer of some sort for most of my post-uni career as well :)
    4
  2333. When it gets done I'm going to split my analysis of the situation into a section at the end
    4
  2334. The IJN seemed to recognise a brave but doomed fight as well, and their ships took plenty of hits which show a fair degree of decent gunnery. :)
    4
  2335. Sort of, but they weren't moving and the artillery had plenty of time to dig in.
    4
  2336. It's the naval term that describes one turret the fires over another.
    4
  2337. We're working with robot into and outro and human voices in the for the actual ship history in future videos.
    4
  2338. @Karl Dubhe Well, he still had his sub, unlike U-64
    4
  2339.  @henryostman5740  Yeah, at the same time one or two were in the 6-9k ton range, but given the requirement for (relatively) high speed and long range, the larger ships were probably going to be disproportionately represented. :)
    4
  2340. A program called NVidia Broadcast set itself as my default mic for a few weeks before I caught it, this is probably the reason for some of the audio issues in a few videos.
    4
  2341.  @kanrakucheese  it's a quandary. I can either fight the YT bots with each thumbnail, or I can go for the ahistorical Iron Cross variant some games use
    4
  2342. That Lexington is an Essex class named in honor of the previous Lexington, which is the ship present in this guide, both would fight in WW2. :)
    4
  2343. I'm sure the officers of the Marine Nationale who wrote the reports this video is ultimately based on would be delighted to here you describe them as English...
    4
  2344. It's a courtesy flag as in those pictures the ships are visiting American ports
    4
  2345.  @r.eticdu1371  so, that would be a "no" to providing actual evidence for your claims then? And for the one thing you've said that can be researched, no, Dreadnought was not a response to French battleships. It was Fishers attempt to leapfrog everyone generally, but specifically to get a leg up on the Germans, with whom an arms race was starting, and the Americans, who had laid down the South Carolina's. France was considered more friendly and less of a threat at the time due to the slow production and low numbers of capital ships. Edit: Also, I'd advise you to drop the racism or face eviction from the channel.
    4
  2346. That wasn't as high :D
    4
  2347. The torpedo defense voids extend out a bit more so you aren't right next to the river, but it is definitely a stable cool temperature down there. :)
    4
  2348. Oil supplies were pretty scarce for many countries in WW1.
    4
  2349. Mikasa is a pre-dreadnought
    4
  2350. I did say at the start that I'd done my best with the audio but there were issues :)
    4
  2351. That would come later, but yes, same ship.
    4
  2352. Yep, sometime over summer
    4
  2353. "The Tsars Last Armada" is good for the voyage itself and personalities involved. There a loads of books that cover Tsushima.
    4
  2354. True, perhaps it was the sea related aspect of it for the ship :)
    4
  2355. One ship per month coming out st the moment. Constitution was the first, there's also a playlist :)
    4
  2356.  @davidhills3100  All I'd say to that is the USN itself massively disagreed with that assessment at the time :D
    4
  2357. More or less :p
    4
  2358. One on each wing amidships before they replaced them with the first version of the AA battery.
    4
  2359. In after action reports they can measure the size of entry hole and the scale of any explosion, in action they know the approximate flight time based on estimated range.
    4
  2360. Apparently the order to open the valves etc was given, but the torpedoes overtook any such efforts.
    4
  2361.  @Peorhum  I suspect u-boats were a great motivator for speed on the final run in :p
    4
  2362. One of the critical issues with the early iron ships was the temperature range of the shift, different metals and alloys will shift from ductile to brittle at different temperatures and over different ranges. The early iron just so happened to shift very quickly and over a temperature range which encompassed the difference between European and tropical seawater.
    4
  2363. sure
    4
  2364.  @senatuspopulusqueromanus3011  the 16"/50 from the cancelled 1920's capital ships.
    4
  2365. Sure
    4
  2366.  @alexkudzin4980  YT took away the ability to add cards a while ago
    4
  2367. With Singapore, yes on the water supply to a degree, but it was possible to have organised the defences better to hold it longer, and it turns out the IDA'S own supplied were almost as short as the garrisons when the surrender occurred.
    4
  2368.  @sgtspiffywiffy5799  for the majority of the war the American 5"/38 held a distinct advantage of being able to saturate the right area of sky with VT fused shells at a rapid rate via radar guidance. However, right at the end of war radar and fire control was taking another step from 'can aim in the right area' to 'can target aircraft specifically', a combination of this and eventual familiarity with the American AA envelope would lead to enemy aircraft staying outside of this range in relatively predictable courses. At that point, the arrival in theatre of the longer range (and longer barreled) 5.25" gun (now working properly) was a rude shock because it could then 'snipe' beyond the expected range and accurately enough that a plane would be hit fairly rapidly of on a predictable course.
    4
  2369. @Theodore-zd2mv  some of it is when multiple orders for the same type were made with different yards. For example the Type 21s had some 2000 series and other 3000 series hull numbers, purely because they were being assembled in two main locations.
    4
  2370. Yep
    4
  2371. It's not, but it sounds like it could be now you mention it :)
    4
  2372.  @wordsshackles441  actually yes, I've read Japanese accounts of the battle, include the relevant sections of Senshi Shoho. You've offered no evidence to backup you accusations apart from you don't think it makes sense. That's not evidence.
    4
  2373. And I suppose you have actual evidence, backed up by primary sources, to support you assertions? Love to see it if you do, but since you seem incapable of even listening to the video correctly (Johnston took multiple hits, as is clearly stated), I rather doubt it.
    4
  2374. @nicholas ringer I may have been a little unclear, the hit on Kuma was one of over 200 dud torpedoes fired during the Philippines Campaign, that's against all the IJN forces present. :)
    4
  2375. Ask mentioned in another reply, the calibre of the PT Boat Lewis guns varies depending on which source you use and is further complicated by the fact that Savage (the manufacturer) made M1917 pattern Lewis guns in .303 and .30-06. So I ended up taking an informed guess.
    4
  2376. It's a mix of age and continuity (a number of other Royal Navies were subsequently renamed) along with the 19th century where it wasn't just 'the' Royal Navy, for many it was also 'the' Navy, due to it's size and power. From around that period, no other 'Royal Navy' has come close in size and power. That obviously also leads to a bit of ego mixed in.
    4
  2377.  @Aelxi  that close to the Japanese mainland I would doubt it
    4
  2378. @donkeyboy585  yeah, let's avoid the enemy with a fleet much slower than the enemy, in a chokepoint 😀 I wonder who wrote that article? 🤣
    4
  2379.  @kiwihame  probably to prevent illegal salvage, many of the wrecks could be reached by such vessels.
    4
  2380. There are so few actual images of the ship, so I went with the next best thing, a 3d render :)
    4
  2381. Mountbatten almost got him :p
    4
  2382. No pay involved, just a friendly collaboration. :)
    4
  2383. Need a safer testing ground for that!
    4
  2384. What I meant was that both German ships were a threat, old battleships were proven deterrents for one of them, so it made sense to use them. Once Scharnhorst was out of the equation the only possible major attacker was Tirpitz and since an old battleship was unlikely to stop her there wasn't much point in them being there, doubly so as Tirpitz herself had been disabled.
    4
  2385.  @bigblue6917  originally I wanted to use the more usual spelling, but I discovered another channel uses it as their channel name, so didn't want to step on their toes :)
    4
  2386. More ACW ironclads will be covered later in the year :)
    4
  2387. Later this year :)
    4
  2388. Find Canadian spruce, make sure it's properly pulped, 14% pulp to 86% water, freeze, carve, float!
    4
  2389.  @keptinjack  better?
    4
  2390.  @mikecavallaro466  all openly available in this video. I can send you a zip file of the whole lotnof you like :)
    4
  2391. There is a section on it in the 'Free Navies' video and I've covered a couple of Polish ships, with more to come.
    4
  2392.  @monkeymeier4811  with the postcards, basically because there will be multiple copies of postcards and so with limited funds it's better for me to concentrate on original photos and it's more likely others will have postcard copies. Secondly is that postcards tend to carry a slightly higher risk of still being in copyright.
    4
  2393. Haven't yet but can do in time.
    4
  2394. Eventually :)
    4
  2395. Relations with much of North America in the late 18th century weren't brilliant :)
    4
  2396. India was occupied by the EIC, after a series of trade wars with the Dutch, French and others. The US was colonised largely by people who didn't want to live in the UK anymore.
    4
  2397. I did, briefly :)
    4
  2398. Rodney's colour scheme during the Bismarck action was overall AP507B med/blue grey,with a natural wood main deck, steel decks were AP507A Dark Grey.
    4
  2399. About 80% of the French shelf is all books in French :)
    4
  2400. It was turret c and already out of actions, but there were a few charges left over which hadn't burned first time around
    4
  2401. When I have enough information on them :)
    4
  2402. Yep
    4
  2403. This is one of the problems with looking at battleship guns, the gun itself may be really good, but can be let down by other issues like placing them too close to other guns, or poorly made shells, or dodgy fire control systems. Hence all the caveats at the start :) I could do an analysis that factored in things like the turrets, FCS, shell qualities, etc, but that would be a much larger piece of work and more open to question, because defining where you stop adding factors would become quite hard.
    4
  2404. The Italians resource problems grew gradually worse during the war, but there is a critical period between Matapan and those problems really biting when better leadership and decision making on the Italians part could have changed the course of events. I'd argue under Cunningham, Matapan is unliellynto occur because he would actually have paid attention to the reports he was getting, this allowing him to act accordingly. To my mind Iachino's biggest failing was that he initially acted despite the available Intel reports, and then later switched over to not acting despite them. Acting somewhat according to what information the Italians actually had available (which to be fair varied) would have likely resolved in better outcomes for the RM.
    4
  2405. I was going mainly by the question since, as I said, I haven't read it, but answered in a more general sense of how many accounts from that period tend to present themselves. Japanese high command had plenty of issues that caused them major problems, but they weren't complete idiots.
    4
  2406. I agree the sheer power of the Typhoon was unexpected, but USN forces had previously dodged around typhoons wherever possible, not driven straight into them. And Halsey did this twice, Cobra first, then Viper.
    4
  2407.  @VersusARCH  the reason I ruled out some others was as follows, the Russo-Japanese War was a systemic failure, the Admiral most proximate to the disaster did his best with an impossible mission and managed to get at least some of his ships into a position that they could fight effectively. He failed to fulfilling his mission but short of refusing few others would have done better. The Armada again as constrained by strategic issues, Medina Sidonia didn't want to be in command but was overruled, but still did a decent job of keeping his fleet together and intact until the fireship attack and the intervention of the weather. Again, he led the fleet to disaster but there are not that many other ways he could've done it given the circumstances. Parma being unready was not something he could change. Sluys was in part the result of definite operational failings by the French commanders, but on the mitigating side they were using tactics suitable for one sort of medieval bmsea battle, but not the one they encountered, thus their failure is less egregious than others. Chesma is in some ways like the Nile, the Ottomans set up as ostensibly decent defence, but were undone by an unusual number of ships catching fire and this spreading. In Sluys and Chesma, although the consequences were grave, I'd argue the Admirals chose incorrect tactics as opposed to flat out wrong tactics. By comparison, the Admirals I chose went with tactics that would not have worked in any conceivable engagement or circumstance.
    4
  2408. True, bit at the same time, they were only out there fighting in the first place because the French Admiral knew he was about to be replaced and wanted to maintain his pride.
    4
  2409.  @king_br0k  helm gremlins
    4
  2410. Not really, PoW scored the first hits of the engagement.
    4
  2411. But what is a video, really?
    4
  2412. Torpedo attacks required being at a closer range than 4.7" fire, and Piorun was positioned ahead of Bismarck, the other destroyers could break away with a speed difference of basically whatever they could manage, if Piorun had gone into torpedo range and then come under fire she would have had to try to escape with a very slow relative speed (her speed of advance minus Bismarck's) which would make her far more vulnerable to being hit. :)
    4
  2413. Next week :)
    4
  2414.  @jonathanwhite5132  I personally think that most of the time a good follower doesn't make a good leader and vice-versa with rare exceptions.
    4
  2415. There were Luftwaffe fighters stationed nearby, hence why a lot of strikes went in with fighter escort. But sometimes communication failures meant a raid got in before the fighters could scramble.
    4
  2416.  @Whiplash47  I hot the basic certification about 15 years ago but haven't dived since 2014, so I want to refresh everything before heading into open water again
    4
  2417. French dreadnoughts were actually the first complete playlist I made. 😀 Also, next month is almost entirely French ships 😀
    4
  2418.  @Aelxi  probably not, I'm currently 8 hour time displaced in San Diego 🙃
    4
  2419. That would be greatly useful :)
    4
  2420. At this point autoloaders were just getting up to 8" (in Des Moines), so no machine-gun 12" unfortunately :)
    4
  2421. Next time I'll have a lapel mic so the levels should be more consistent. I tried to rebalance somewhat in editing but it's a bit of a hit and miss process. :)
    4
  2422. USS Constitution
    4
  2423. Unfortunately I can only pin one post, so it's either that or the Q&A post getting pinned.
    4
  2424. I plan to cover Yorktown's patchwork when I do midway in detail :)
    4
  2425. Yep, I'm revoicing a video or two each time the special video is a shorter one. Working down the list in order of views. Also working on making sure my pronounciation of Tegethoff is correct.
    4
  2426. Eventually :)
    4
  2427. A lot of cutting down, removing, strengthening etc. Will eventually have a video about it
    4
  2428. A, B, C etc forward X, Y etc after, P, Q etc amidships
    4
  2429. Added to the list :)
    4
  2430. Yes and no, Tirpitz had left Trondheim and joined the rest of its group at Altenfjord in preparation for attacking the convoy. They were still there when the convoy was ordered to scatter, ironically enough sailing briefly the day after the scatter order went out, but then turned around and went home again.
    4
  2431. Courtesy flag during a port visit most likely. :)
    4
  2432. Possibly a courtesy in port.
    4
  2433. That's mentioned in the video on HMS Glowworm
    4
  2434. Plan Z video will cover most it when I get around to it.
    4
  2435.  @leshalles9282  The Struggle for Guadalcanal, August 1942 – February 1943 by Samuel Morrison is the main one for that, although most histories of the battle will cover Mikawa spotting and dodging Blue :)
    4
  2436. Nope :D It would make things a lot easier if I was :D
    4
  2437.  @Ozgur72  I took account of the defences, but I also took account of the potential use of assets not historically used but available, like the minesweeping fitted destroyers, which would've been far more capable of dealing with the mines, as well as the fact that you don't have to destroy forts and guns to pass the Straits, at minimum you can suppress them temporarily, which did happen, plus of course the best way to deal with them is landing parties as they'd done earlier. Essentially, they tools to effect a successful passage were available, but for various reasons most of them either weren't used at all or were poorly handled. I mentioned the opinions of officers at the time for context as to what they thought, not that they were precisely correct in their evaluation given the situation at hand and the resources that had been brought up on the actual day in history.
    4
  2438. I'd rather think Spain's acquisition of most of Central and South American by a bunch of people rapidly known a 'conquistadors' rather speaks for itself.
    4
  2439. Basically, there were several points after Sept 1939 where Germany could've brought a close or stalemate to their part of the conflict, whereas for Japan to achieve its war aims, they have to fight the USA or abandon their expansion schemes entirely. Once they'd decided not to do the latter, and also decided to get in the first punch with Pearl Harbour, there is no plausible set of circumstances that don't end up with Allied battleships in Tokyo Bay.
    4
  2440. DJI Mini 2, at 249g it's safe to use in a lot of areas a Mavic 3 or similar would not be.
    4
  2441. Some of my group has:)
    4
  2442. Part of the issue was smaller production runs meaning that by the time the next class came along technology would have advanced such that systems dramatically changed. For example, the six main IJN fleet carriers at the start of the war were from four distinct classes, two of which were on-off's. Conversely, the six main American carriers were from two classes and one derivative (Wasp), so common systems were more widespread.
    4
  2443. In terms of the damage control officers, it's not figuring out the machinery itself, but the layout of the ship and how it all relates. There wasn't the standardised layout etc of US ships.
    4
  2444. Furious would be the worst of the three, but I didn't include her partially because she has her origins in WW1 and partially because she managed to be surprisingly useful anyway.
    4
  2445. There is massive historical and current resistance to even the suggestion of renaming warships. Civilian vessels might be different
    4
  2446. Whoever fired the killing shots against Yamashiro, probably West Virginia
    4
  2447. Part of the reason I suggested the future proofing was the relatively bluff hulls of the Standards needed stupid amounts of power to go much faster. A somewhat more slender length:beam ratio would've made it more economical.
    4
  2448. Not a combat kill though :)
    4
  2449. That's what Wednesdays are for, the Saturday guides are explicitly short.
    4
  2450. They are coloured in a lighter green indicating Argentina claims them as theirs, but only the dark green shows what they have.
    4
  2451. Unlike fiction, reality is under no obligation to make sense :)
    4
  2452.  @flu-fiorde4324  yes, you are aware that's exactly what happened to one of the Brazilian battleships?
    4
  2453. Secondary/AA battery and total air group go to the Essex class as well, Shokaku under the Stars and Stripes would likely be better, as they'd be able to use those.
    4
  2454. It's on my list :)
    4
  2455.  @admiralbeatty6083  thanks for the heads up, I'm whacking the spammers as quick as I can!
    4
  2456.  @horrido666  I do have a video on rangefindong and firecontrol, although not one on the specific workings of fire control computers.
    4
  2457.  Kabuki Kitsune  Please bear in mind when I'm talking about an entire ship type like sub's I'm referring to the general case and thus have to bear in mind all design lineages. The USN had sail-mounted planes from the early '60's until the 688's/Los Angeles class, but prior to that they used bow planes, and the Royal Navy for instance has never had sail-mounted planes, always bow mounted. The Russians are similar except for the recent Lada class. The method used to change depth is the same, deflection of water-flow exerting opposing force on the sub, but as I mentioned the position affects how this moves the sub. A bow plane will pitch the sub, a sail-plane on an offset sail will still pitch the sub, just less. A plane on a sail that is positioned above the ships center of gravity will push the sub up or down with minimal pitch.
    4
  2458. As Bk Jeong mentions, it's predicated on them being damaged by the torpedo strike first, or Matapan-style unaware. Bear in mind that the two scenarios mainly discussed were the plausible extremes where almost everything goes right for one side or the other.
    4
  2459. Historically, the R's were only a few hours away, having sailed late. Given it's an alternate history and the two main scenario's were "Everything goes right for the IJN" and "Everything goes right for the RN", I considered Force B as sailing on time instead of being delayed, which ironically works in both scenarios. Apologies if that wasn't made clear in the response.
    4
  2460.  @GutkowskiMarek  True, but with this kind of engagement it's almost impossible to make any reliable prediction precisely because of there being so many variables, so I was going with "all the cards fall the IJN's way" and "all the cards fall the RN's way", to illustrate the vast breadth of possibilities without trying to assert any one as more likely than another. :)
    4
  2461. In the "RN best case" assuming the same courses as historically without the diversion, CarDiv2 basically sails straight into the guns of the British, the question being if they can do an about face and get out of range before cumulative she'll damage slows them down. Likewise with the main force, it's destruction relies on the Albacore strike scoring hits to slow them down, granted the fleet is harder target than Bismarck but they've not got the world's best AA and it's at night which minimises the spotting and engagement range for the AA, and they'll have to use searchlights, showing the torpedo planes exactly where they area.
    4
  2462. Once is an accident, twice is co-incidence, three times is enemy action, four times? Something is seriously wrong there.
    4
  2463. Most of my responses come in the Drydock recordings as opposed to manually typing here, but the Drydocks are quite a few months behind the current video releases, hence why I'm doing two weeks worth of questions now in each regular Drydock week to catch up.
    4
  2464. My main problem with that argument is the US already knew where the majority of the IJN battleships were. The only ones with the Northern Force were Ise and Hyuga, and the only one unaccounted for was Mutsu as the US didn't know she'd blown up.
    4
  2465. Maybe...
    4
  2466. Yep
    4
  2467.  @Omegasupreme1078  hence 'in strength' as opposed to a raid
    4
  2468.  @GrumblingGrognard   that would be covered in a wider ranging video, albeit I did mention in passing the issues faced by the other navies. Nevertheless the Mk14 had considerably more issues than other torpedoes and had significantly more resistance to having them fixed. As for picking on the US, this was a requested video, and I would hope by now that the body of work on this channel shows I take on failures regardless of nation (HMS Captain, Mers-el-Kebir, the Red Fleet in the Baltic, IJN damage control etc)
    4
  2469. I've done a few 5-minute guides in collaboration with Napalmratte on the smaller ships, they're in a playlist on the channel, but I will be covering the smaller ships in more detail later :)
    4
  2470. Thanks for flagging the scam-bot
    4
  2471. More frequent drydocks and this repainting, being more at sea or in salt water than fresh water meant the zinc block system worked better, I suspect also the anti-magnetic-mine de-gaussing system may have played a minor part
    4
  2472. A big fan of motion sickness? :D
    4
  2473. I need to find a book or two about him, I'm guessing they'd be in Spanish.
    4
  2474. I'm testing out a different track on Saturday, depending in reception might just use this one going forward or split.
    4
  2475. Yeah I mean cargo ships, a few merchant ships like liners were fast, but the vast majority were very slow compared to warships. As for Campania, she's on my master list, the list in the video descriptions is only about 1/6th of the total.
    4
  2476.  @PaulfromChicago  it's in the National Maritime Museum, I'll grab the artist name next time I am there.
    4
  2477.  @coreys2686  it's better the larger the size of ship. It's not that good for destroyers and such.
    4
  2478. Admiral Reeves you're still welcome to have it reviewed it you don't want a model :) and it was the closest fought of the three. :)
    4
  2479. Both navies worked on doing shells between the Wars, so for them she'll falling just shirt into the water wasn't as much of a problem :)
    4
  2480. It seems to be a theme that when a particularly effective tactic emerged in the Fleet Problems a lot would be done to try and refine this offensively or if it already worked they'd just nod and reckon they'd use that. But there seems to be a consistent issue of not addressing what happens if someone uses it on them.
    4
  2481.  @chrisluttor2275  to be fair to him he didn't think they'd win either way, he seems to have thought more in terms.of buying enough time, for that, maximal reduction of existing assets is the.best approach. Lots of Japanese politicians did seem to wholly beleive they could win outright though.
    4
  2482. That was common in direct fire shell guns of the 1800's, with short barrel mortars in earlier periods you could light the fuse with the charge but it wasn't as reliable. Toward the end of this period the method you describe was the most common
    4
  2483.  @dejangabrovsek6534  mostly a holdover from the days of forming naval brigades
    4
  2484. All must bow unto him
    4
  2485. I agree that the GZ hulk has plenty of potential if properly refitted to be a decent carrier, but as the question involved her being completed as she was intended, I have to go with that. Now, if someone wants to ask, how could one refit GZ to be a better carrier....
    4
  2486. I've repeatedly said that the Bismarck design is inefficient, NOT that it was ineffective. I've pointed out, again repeatedly, that it could go toe-to-toe with most of the other Treaty battleships, BUT, it only accomplishes feat of 'on a par with a 35kt battleship' by having a ~42kt displacement. Being able to fight a ship 7kt lighter than you roughly equally speaks to considerable inefficiency and is more damning with faint praise. If a heavyweight boxer goes to fight middleweights and does relatively well but doesn't quite win the belt, that isn't exactly indicative of massive ability on his part.
    4
  2487. A dedication, just because the losses were lopsided, doesn't mean all who lost their lives shouldn't be remembered.
    4
  2488. I prefer mead and cider 😀
    4
  2489. Just me at the moment :)
    4
  2490. I tried it a few times way back but the majority preferred it in a single block :)
    4
  2491. The armoured box is something of a gamble, if it works it keeps the damage out of the hanger entirely, and it means hits on the unarmoured ends are unlikely to especially affect the aircraft in the hangers. But if it is breached, then the damage to the hanger is likely to be amplified, although as with Illustrious hit by a 2,200lb bomb it may have an ablative effect in sacrificing the hanger to prevent damage deeper in the ship which might sink it. With regards to the Yamato, given the IJN's position keeping the ships capacity a secret was probably a slight net advantage, knowledge of its true capability would simply make it a bigger and even higher priority target and mean the USN would ensure many battleships were always available to counter it. Without that knowledge, there was a slightly greater chance of it coming up on a relatively unsuspecting US force with overwhelming power.
    4
  2492. The only reports we have of the engagement are from Kormorans crew, but the Australian and British investigators did a pretty thorough job of interrogating them, including bugs and spies, to see if there were inconsistencies in their accounts
    4
  2493.  @sniperlewis1553  the Leander's were designed to protected trade from raiders as opposed to operate in full fleet battles, at a semi-decent range the armour would protect against 6 inch and smaller shells, which is what it was thought raiders would carry.
    4
  2494. That makes more sense :) In that case something like a faster version of the Deutschland's might work, although I'd suggest three twins or two triples depending on the hull form to have a 6 gun salvo :)
    4
  2495.  @VintageCarHistory  I think if I were to write a book on naval matters the first one I would like to do would be to relate the lesser known stories of heroic/insanely brave naval officers and their deeds, people like the Captains of HMS Glowworm, USS Johnston, HMS Renown, SMS Seydlitz, or the pilot who tried to save Taiho from torpedoes.
    4
  2496. Care to give some examples?
    4
  2497. I'm skeptical myself but still pulling information together before presenting anything on video :)
    4
  2498. Luckily a lot of footage on NARA has been put there by the US DoD and is listed as public domain. Almost all footage I used is from that collection and given that there was some pretty rare footage taken of Japanese submarines available, I thought it was worth using! (Also, there are correspondingly few decent still pictures of IJN subs 😀 )
    4
  2499. Licence built modified versions of the British L class submarines of the late 1910's and 1920's. :)
    4
  2500. Shot down if used in WW1 style operations, yes, but they were already there and would have been significant force multipliers for the U-Boats in the first few years of the war.
    4
  2501. Depended on the weather, but carriers could sail out of a local weather system and launch where it was calm. At one point Albacore torpedo bombers were sent after Tirpitz and found between their slow speed, the ship and the wind, their closing speed was slower than some of the surface ships!
    4
  2502.  @0Fingolfin0  By this stage of the war the Royal Navy had established a close blockade of the Spanish coast, whilst there were Spanish ships in the major ports (Corunna/Ferrol, Cadiz etc) Glorioso's problem was being blown from just north of neutral Portugal to just south of it when she was supposed to be heading north, so for the second time in her career she would up of Cadiz with no-one on her own side expecting her to be there.
    4
  2503. ?
    4
  2504.  @WandererRTF  discord (link in video) or email (about section) work :)
    4
  2505. It's my photo 😀
    4
  2506. It was basically a case of too many hits at once, luck of the dice caused multiple hits to the same location which in turn resulted in a critical magazine detonation. That in turn through further bad luck led to a chain reaction. Unlikely, yes, but in a battle with this many salvos being fired, statistically improbable events tend to crop up a few times during the course of a battle. For a slightly less explosive RL example, one German battlecruiser at Jutland was rendered combat ineffective by just four hits. Because those four hits just happened to disable it's entire main battery.
    4
  2507.  @davidc.g.1952  funnily enough i did that well before this episode, and nowhere did I find any assertion that the Grand Fleet was running critically low on oil to the extent that it could affect a fleet sortie into the North Sea.
    4
  2508. No worries. The setting was completely historical. Basically the only thing we changed to get the battle to happen was giving the Germans just enough morale to not mutiny instantly when told to sail. The 6th Battle Squadron of American ships was very much real, likewise the K class, who were active fleet units despite their numerous shenanigans. The flying squadron disappeared a bit, basically their ships were not mostly fast enough to keep up, and beyond a bit of extra scouting we couldn't find a slot for the limited number to strike aircraft to actually fill in any meaningful way. A couple ofnthe scenarios had at least Furious get it's aircraft off, but mostly as scouts. Broadly the effect of the Flying Squadron in the final scenario described was a general improvement in reconissance which allowed the British to place their forces behind the Germans.
    4
  2509. Thought about it, don't know where I'd find the time at the moment though :(
    4
  2510. The 'Flying Squadron' was a term used way back in the Age of Sail to describe a fast squadron that could range out ahead of any fleet and overhaul enemy units. (On land you occasionally had scratch-cavalry units named in a similar way for the same purpose). The use of 'Flying Squadron' in this case was a bit of a double-play on words, they were literally a 'Flying Squadron' because they used aircraft, but in traditional naval parlance they were about as far from a 'Flying Squadron' as you could get at they were much slower than any other fleet unit. :)
    4
  2511. The Grand Fleet actually shot better than the High Seas Fleet and Hipper's Battlecruisers at Jutland, it was Beatty's battlecruisers that were at the bottom of the pile, the Grand Fleet never lost its gunnery edge whilst the battlecruisers were forced to get their act together.
    4
  2512. The cities name was only changed to Istanbul in 1930, so in the 19th century everyone called it Constantinople. The same thing applies to other cities, Leningrad and Stalingrad in WW2, St Petersburg and Volgograd now, and before as well in the former case.
    4
  2513. Yep
    4
  2514. Good point, I believe my answer came from a reading that the Germans believed that the defences MIGHT be able to be breached, and they wanted someone to see if it could be done. I interpreted the question as assuming the KM knew they definitely could get in, and somewhere along the line that ran into the answer. :)
    4
  2515. It's a joke based on the fact that as a Brit 'boarding' the ship, the crew might've resisted :D
    4
  2516. It might be because this one is 4k footage, stabilised and downscale to 1080p 😞
    4
  2517. He would've needed a third light for air travel 😀
    4
  2518. Sam Stewart it would depend how fast they could go after repairs, But about 8-10 hours on average.
    4
  2519. Sam Stewart mostly the decision seems to have been based on thinking renown and ark Royal were nearby. Although with Cumberland showing up, a substantialy more capable heavy cruiser than Exeter, they may have come to the same conclusion anyway. The British partially salvaged some of the ship a few years later, then a larger salvage effort was done after the war to clear most of the upperworks. A lot of what was left went in 2004 to make the area safe for shipping. The hull never rolled, it just sort of settled a few ten's of feet onto the seabed, most of the superstructure was still above water when it grounded.
    4
  2520.  @lexington476  yes, relatively few but they did exist
    4
  2521. It quite literally says Condition Zebra in the reports.
    4
  2522. No, the hit was far enough astern to bypass it. :)
    4
  2523. That's not quite correct, the Scharnhorsts 11" could outrage the Renown because in part the turrets could elevate to 40 degrees, which the British turret could not. However, both guns could shoot well over 30k yards, which was far beyond any realistic ability to hit anything.
    4
  2524. There's a list available in the channel section of drachinifel.co.uk
    4
  2525.  @wolfbyte3171  Black Seas by Warlord Games :)
    4
  2526.  @phluphie  not yet but will do in the future
    4
  2527. That's not even close to the worst the RN's used :D
    4
  2528. Sorted :)
    4
  2529. Have some but need to revoice it from robo voice
    4
  2530. That will be coming out as well at some point :)
    4
  2531. My displacement has been reduced :p
    4
  2532.  @MrPhil360  it's a Wednesday special, it can be as long as I like :)
    4
  2533. I can add them to the list :)
    4
  2534. Next time... 😀
    4
  2535. It helps people who are searching the channel for ships from a given nation and also allows for differentiation between Imperial German and KM vessels that share the same name (eg the armour cruiser and battleship both called Scharnhorst)
    4
  2536. To be fair, this is about the only period where such a mistake is understandable, in the transition period between muzzle and breech loading guns, where the order of charge and shot is inverted depending on the type of gun.
    4
  2537.  @awildmarshmallow3558  There was electric lighting, radio and electro-hydraulic and electric turret mechanisms etc. But the induced voltage caused by EMP only has to be a few volts or tens of volts to kill modern electronic circuits, whereas that variance in a 440V drive circuit that may not even be drawing power at the time is going to effectively be meaningless. I'd expect the worst damage to be a few blown lightbulbs and maybe a shorted radio if they haven't isolated the radios from the long line antenna properly. Of course, you could up the EMP effect massively so it would have an effect, but you're talking Carrington Event energy at that point.
    4
  2538.  @DavidConnor  the RN design documents are pretty clear that they expect monitors to encounter coastal torpedo craft and the bulges are installed to prevent torpedo damage to the otherwise small hulls. They're also built with TDS layering in place in the bulges. Exactly the same reasoning was given for adding bulges to the Edgar class.
    4
  2539. And massive bulges to provide torpedo defence.
    4
  2540. The RN battleships gunnery was actually the best of any formation at Jutland. Neatly bracketed by the battlecruisers being the worst.
    4
  2541. It's impossible to 100% confirm as the section of the wreck (under Bruno turret) is up past the waterline in sediment, but the hit was observed by multiple independent officers on Rodney, and the flooding profile of Bismarck in the latter part of her time afloat in her last battle would fit with what would be expected from a heavy torpedo hit in this location.
    4
  2542. To varying degree's, Nelson had received more recent refit/repair time at the start of the war as well as an extensive stay in drydock after getting torpedoed in the Med, so she was in better condition than her sister by the end (not that this was an especially high bar)
    4
  2543. There are relatively few images of the Alsace, and the model at that angle is good enough to get the point across :)
    4
  2544. Several people who came to meet me found some for me, since you can't get liquids through the airports :)
    4
  2545. Don't like most man-made heights. I'm fine with natural heights like mountains but I think some part of my engineering training that covered the fact that most man-made structures are built by the lowest bidder has embedded in my subconscious. :D
    4
  2546.  @DaveSCameron  fixed now :) https://youtu.be/3tqD11AO1Iw
    4
  2547. Eivind Helgetun Yep, should be up next week :)
    4
  2548. They still had the Shokaku class, their latest, plus a bunch of smaller carriers and others building.
    4
  2549. The USN became the largest at some point in 1943 by most metrics.
    4
  2550. There were RN boarding actions on American ships prior to 1812, but these were usually down to one of two things, either trade with the French (Britain maintained a blockade, America thought it should be exempt, shenanigans ensued over the differences), or where British ships believed British deserters and the like we're aboard American ships and sought to recover them (again, with differences between the two sides over who exactly was American and who was British).
    4
  2551. Mostly 'legitimate' traders of various nations.
    4
  2552. There was a bit of a grey area as British crew who deserted, got to America and then claimed American citizenship were seen as American by the crew of the American ship they served on, but as traitorous deserters by the Royal Navy, which led to a difference of opinion when they demanded them back.
    4
  2553.  @johnburns6394  the clue to the "correct" way to pronouncing these words is that the language is called English 😀
    4
  2554. The USN would have wanted a tactical superiority of speed, which means at least a 4 knot speed advantage is needed.
    4
  2555. I believe that's a Scharnhorst in heavy seas :)
    4
  2556. That's not quite true, they were kept from carrier opsnat first to simplify operations, but they flew from US carriers starting in December 1944, having operated from British carriers since mid-43
    4
  2557. Misspoke as to Drake (which wasn't one as you pointed out), but the class in question has been referred to by four put of the five names of ships in the class. 😀
    4
  2558. Yes, but not a dreadnought :)
    4
  2559. You mean how the RN has the single largest representation in this video? And top spot? And the angriest rant I've think I've ever done on the channel???
    4
  2560. At the time a lot of naval information was very public, with detailed breakdowns of ship capabilities and correspondence carried in many newspapers. The kind of secrecy we're used to didn't really kick off until the start of the 20th century.
    4
  2561. https://youtu.be/QnQ5Z2pJi8s
    4
  2562. Indeed, but the Deutschlands could be handled by cruiser groups, whereas the Scharnhorsts needed capital ships and the Dunkerques would be a good fit for the mission.
    4
  2563. I mean, I did say I don't really do social history 😀
    4
  2564. Technically probably HMS Amythyst
    4
  2565.  @whatsoperadoc7050  they haven't asked me yet
    4
  2566. There should be links in the community post :)
    4
  2567. His dislike of the RN cost American sailors their lived in at least three major campaigns.
    4
  2568. Definitely a good subject, the change Soviet Navies relative strength between say 1940 vs 1950 was an even bigger change than the US Navy in the same period.
    4
  2569. There is normally a lot more space aft on a fast ship due to the need to have the bridge far forward enough to command and guide the vessel and the need to not weight down the bow too much to avoid plunging
    4
  2570. The climb is tiring but not too bad, it's the 100% humidity, blazing sun and 95/100F - 35C temperature that does it 😄
    4
  2571. No, that was Iowa :)
    4
  2572. In the immediate run-up to WW1 there were a few options, the Two extremes would be the HMAS Australia model and the HMS Malaya model. Or something in the middle like HMNZS New Zealand.
    4
  2573.  @WALTERBROADDUS  the Canadian Navy in WW1 was an associated force of the Royal Navy, at a time where war with the USA wasn't off the cards. In that context, a Canadian ship adding to the RN battleline makes sense. In WW2, the Canadian Navy was heavily involved in convoy escort work, and part of that was guarding against surface raiders. Again, a battleship makes sense in this context.
    4
  2574. I'll be sure to go back in time and tell the RN to take better pictographical records of the Baden trials then. Now where did I leave that blue phone box...
    4
  2575. Partially, but also the change to metal stressed skin from canvas etc, wing shapes, etc. Also more understanding of streamlining and various other factors that all came together at the same time
    4
  2576. Yep :)
    4
  2577. The design flaws in the ships complicated any damage control efforts made. Sure the IJN was behind in this respect but even so the ships would have survived longer without the issues. Musashi wouldn't survive the torpedo attack, but a better AA battery would have kept it alive longer and/or inflicted more casualties.
    4
  2578.  @gavingaming7236  I'm referring more to taking dozens of above water hits which wrecked her, then multiple torpedo hits on both sides which put her under slowly. Musashis sinking profile is basically what was happening to Bismarck when the scuttling charges accelerated the inevitable.
    4
  2579. Bismarck went down in a way similar to Musashi
    4
  2580.  @MartinCHorowitz  But she was sunk 3 months before Midway?
    4
  2581. Still working on it
    4
  2582. Her deck armour had nothing to do with her loss...
    4
  2583. That would help greatly.
    4
  2584. @Eric Fapton there's a spreadsheet linked on the 'Channel' page of the website. :)
    4
  2585.  @WALTERBROADDUS  the birds, the birds!
    4
  2586. I tried my best, on the project file his voice was actually coming over louder than mine. But I'll take this onboard and adjust for next time.
    4
  2587. Give this man a cookie!
    4
  2588. It's a matter of distraction and relative light levels. If you have your own AA gun flash, searchlights and bombs exploding nearby then you'll be looking and the sky, and also have your night vision ruined. As a result, random flashes out at sea probably won't be seen simply because nobody is looking, and if they were they might not spot them.
    4
  2589. The British were fairly aware of the extent of German minefields, and as for spotting, that's what the air raid was for, the explosions and the AA guns going off both distracted people from looking to sea in the first place, and also would affect night vision.
    4
  2590. It wouldn't know where the carriers were without aerial recon or getting much closer, which negates the range of TASM in this environment. Which means running the aerial gauntlet, and the ship simply doesn't have the ammo to take down anything close to the number of attacking aircraft.
    4
  2591. The main question would've been what the time difference would be between the Spanish arriving in force and Oregon making it's way across the Pacific (plus Pelayo + Armoured cruisers would almost certainly have brought a large number of destroyers with them).
    4
  2592. If I can find an expert to interview :)
    4
  2593.  @jpdillon2832  during the major 1944/45 refit :)
    4
  2594. A number of Town class and related follow-ons would either have X turret removed at some point or never installed due the unceasing top-right of radar, fire-control and AA systems. :)
    4
  2595.  @henryherold4515  nope. This one was requested by the Patreon voters :)
    4
  2596. Smaller ship and continuous force :)
    4
  2597. Indeed, eventually
    4
  2598. It's all relative, compared to a piol noodle wood is very hard and brittle, but compared to 1860's iron armour it's ductile, and then iron becomes the ductile material when compared to steel etc. 😀
    4
  2599. I believe this is one of the in dents that led to the idea of common markings for D-Day
    4
  2600. Sometimes identifying marks like tatios, sometimes identification by former shipmates, sometimes by matching time and name in the ships payroll books.
    4
  2601.  @rashkavar  double and sometimes treble shot loading was often done when it was known the first salvo was going to be an extremely short range.
    4
  2602. 1) He claimed he couldn't turn back because the wind was against him, at the time he got off the sandbar he had a clearly marked pilot boat channel which (up to that point) had guided him true. Thus, he had a clear route back and more to the point, the wind recorded by multiple ships not far from him was coming from an entirely different direction. Additionally, if he wanted a speedy escape, but the wind was as he claimed, he sailed in entirely the wrong direction. But he did sail in the right direction to maximise speed if the wind direction was as recorded aboard Tenedos, Pomone, Endymion and Majestic. 2) The key factor is that in the subsequent chase both in high and light winds, President showed decent ship handling and a remarkable turn of speed, neither of these is likely to be possible with significant underwater damage below, especially the kind that creates drag. 3) The big problem with Decatur's accounts is that his own accounts disagree with themselves quite dramatically depending on which one you read, whereas most of the independent accounts from the ship all broadly agree. So if half a dozen officers from separate parts of the ship all recall roughly the same thing, and one guy writes half a dozen conflicting versions of the event, what is a reasonable conclusion?
    4
  2603. It was spelt out Zed as part of the quote. :)
    4
  2604.  @vikkimcdonough6153  quite possibly, there were a lot of contradictory messages going around at the time
    4
  2605.  @Weed8Gone  it's 4 120mm guns :)
    4
  2606. Escort/light/Maintenance etc carriers will eventually get their own video :)
    4
  2607. Yes, they had their own issues, but not as many as the Mk18
    4
  2608. I'll add it to the list :)
    4
  2609.  @americanmade6996  the typical ship of the line of the period carried a main battery of 32lb long guns, or 36lb if you were French. When the ship was built the RN was just coming off using 42lb guns instead, after finding their shot too heavy to handle in battle. 24lb guns were the second largest long guns on capital ships of the period, carried in the next deck above the heavy battery. Hence why I think in later naval terms I would class her as a 'cruiser-killer' rather than a battlecruiser. Something like SMS Blucher, Churchill's mini-KGV cruiser, etc would be more fitting. The Alaska's or B-65's might also be comparable in the context of their time when contemporary battleships used 16 inch+ weapons. One of the main features of a 'full' battlecruiser has generally been main guns of contemporary calibre to the majority of battleships of the period. Hence my hesitation in this case, since the six frigates did not carry a gun deck battery of equivilant weight guns. It could definitely be said they were built with the same ROLE as the original battlecruiser concept, but as above not precisely to the same paradigm.
    4
  2610. I had some sea/storm sound effects I thought might work :)
    4
  2611. Coming in September :)
    4
  2612. Well, two of those were onlookers and one was there essentially for the ceremonials at the end :)
    4
  2613. More to come, each Wednesday I aim to release between 2 and 4 revoiced videos from the old robo voice videos in addition to the regular Wednesday special. This will continue until the entire catalogue is voiced. The old robo voiced vids will then be kept in their own playlist for those who like them.
    4
  2614.  @BigsZone  no, her hull is considerably different to any pre-dread hull, and there weren't any under construction that mysteriously vanish at the time either
    4
  2615. It wasn't Jutland-specific but it was something Scheer did as part of his own security measures.
    4
  2616. Nope, due in the spring.
    4
  2617. And the fact they usually have an extra above water deck, lending them the appearance of a building, Carnot being the worst offender.
    4
  2618. I'd love to join Nebula, but unfortunately they seem dis-interested in me.
    4
  2619. Well, the Allied ships that made the Arctic convoy runs took a battering from the same environment, but were maintained and kept up to spec when they returned to port.
    4
  2620.  @samadams2203  the Imperial Russian Naval ensign and the Union Jack look very similar in black and white photos
    4
  2621.  @austinowings4904  aerial torpedoes gradually got phased out over a decade plus after ww2. But the rapidly rolled out supplements/replacements were a mix of large rockets, early guided weapons and small nukes. :)
    4
  2622.  @juliet_whiskey6625  nope, he is literally revered as a god by a tribe of Pacific Islanders :D
    4
  2623.  @triplecap4307  I think unfortunately Suez (beyond the scope of this channel) put paid to that. :( But it would be nice to see the RN a bit larger again, of course, that would mean politicians actually buying what they said they would! :D
    4
  2624. I specifically mentioned I was looking at the guns and shells that were comparable for time period, ie the 8" from both navies in the late 1920s and early 1930s. The superheavy 8" and later Mk's of US 8" gun post date the County class by about a decade or more.
    4
  2625. A surprise attack makes up for a multitude of sins :)
    4
  2626. Expensive, but possibly worthwhile if they could find the tonnage in the treaty restrictions
    4
  2627. Sure
    4
  2628.  @kemarisite  I got to visit Krait in Sydney!
    4
  2629. 28 knots max, but it's still 5 knots too slow for carrier escort operations when the carriers are going full pelt.
    4
  2630. But with carriers escort, you needed 33 knots to keep up.
    4
  2631. True, but with actual flash doors in place and not stacking the turrets with loose cordite, any turret penetration will mean the turret might be lost, but that should be all.
    4
  2632. Thats odd, I've been upping the volume over time to try and make it easier to hear
    4
  2633.  @johnshepherd9676  true, but the other battleships aren't taking up their berths as well
    4
  2634.  @alan6832  part of the problem is low grade coal fouls up the boilers and uptakes, even switching to better coal for battle won't help much when a lot of your systems are gummed up like that. In theory I'd they knew a major operation was coming they could deep clean everything in advance but they didn't have enough good coal for the whole fleet.
    4
  2635. jun'yōsenkan was the designation, officially it was disposed of at the start of the 1930s, bit it crops up in accounts and a few documents thereafter. It was aslo resurrected during ww2 for new ships
    4
  2636. I will make as many as I can reliable get pronunciations for, I'd be very glad of your help as for obvious reasons native speakers tend to know how their own words are pronounced. As opposed to me butchering Richelieu for years :)
    4
  2637. You're got Pearl Harbour in between, and due to being an ocean, Pearl (or even San Diego) to a given battle zone in the Western Pacific is still a fair bit less than UK -> Gibralter->Suez->Singapore
    4
  2638.  @williampeebles3218  not yet in detail
    4
  2639. Yeah that's more what I'd have expected, he provided information that broke a deadlock higher up, as opposed to being the actual decision maker.
    4
  2640.  @insignificantgnat9334  in principle quite a number of ships would do this in battle. The extent to which Roberts did it was however above the general case as they wanted every knot of speed and we're pretty sure the ship wasn't to going to be afloat anyway in a couple of hours.
    4
  2641. True, but the Dido and Arethusa classes showed you can make a seaworthy cruiser of less than 6kt, and the Atlanta and Leander classes proved you could do the same on what the K-bergs actually weighed. :)
    4
  2642. Which would lend more weight to the newer guns high velocity and over stabilisation of the shells being the main issue
    4
  2643. If it's unrated, yes, if its 6th rate or higher it should have a full Captain in charge.
    4
  2644. She was broken up bit by bit in place over about five years. There is a memorial to her near to the point she went aground though.
    4
  2645. Kevin Glenn Huey perhaps you could respond Tony initial point, which is that the bulk of this video is human voiced. Only the intro and outro are robot voiced. Are you saying that even a five second lead-in is too annoying for you?
    4
  2646. It's a game with a powerful ship designer called Rule the Waves
    4
  2647. She still had X & Y turrets, but initially Y was wrapped entirely in debris and even after they cut some away they were only under local control with limited ability to see anything.
    4
  2648. Yeah I was thinking more in terms of the chains/steel cable/rope that used to physically tie the wheel to the tiller. :)
    4
  2649. Russian model ships often come with surprisingly good blueprints :)
    4
  2650.  @AdelineLowry  It depends if they refuse to sign up to all of it, in which case you get a system collapse like the LNT 2, or part of it, which historically the French did (refused to agree to the DD displacement limitations).
    4
  2651. The worry was that the enemy might send out fleet cruisers to do raiding, and indeed at the time some large armoured cruisers were being designed to do exactly this. So a small third class cruiser wouldn't be able to do anything about those, but a ship that could fight in the line of battle could. Although the ship would be individually more expensive, it was cheaper to build one ship like a Blake than an armoured cruiser and a 2nd/3rd class to cover both roles.
    4
  2652. Royal Navy peacetime paint in the late 19th century was imitated by various ocean liner companies :)
    4
  2653.  @NightHeronProduction  the theoretical refit involved scavenging everything they could steal from the material prepared for Vanguard to speed the prices, hence Vanguards turrets. In that timeline, Vanguard would, if built as a battleship, would be using refitted versions of Hoods turrets.
    4
  2654.  @WALTERBROADDUS  ironically inside the turret is one of the least affected places as it's blast sealed and the blast is at the other end of the guns :)
    4
  2655. Their rather thick deck armour would have preserved the citadel against pretty much any shell at the time they were designed at any reasonable range at which hits could be scored.
    4
  2656. It's deliberate :)
    4
  2657. That would be great!
    4
  2658.  @Betrix5060  if the US fleet never shows the IJN in theory has enough aircraft, capital ships and munitions to force the issue IF they all co-operate and coordinate with the landing forces. Bit that's a big if. Assuming some form of US fleet shows up, it would then depend on how much damage is taken in the resulting naval battle.
    4
  2659. There are a lot of people still around who argue over who was right and wrong when it comes to Vietnam and later. Who was in the wrong in WW1 and WW2 is a little less contentious 😀
    4
  2660. Depends on the era, a lot of the time it is simply small bits of unburnt propellant and silk cooking off in the aftermath of the shell leaving the barrell. But later turrets did sometimes have positive over-pressure systems to force smoke out of them, which would include up the barrell when the breech was opened.
    4
  2661. It's still on the list, my list of special video subjects is huge. However, I did do a fair bit of talking on the subject in a collab video, you can find it in the 'Collaboration' playlist :)
    4
  2662. Deevo037 yeah. I think that was one that made me realise my old mic was failing.
    4
  2663.  @Avalanche041  It was a constantly accelerating bracket based partially on theory and partially on the results of exercises. Also, expected battle range was essentially "range at which we can reasonably expect to get enough hits to be decisive in a major battle", at least according to those who set the regs. Individual officers might disagree and in any case some speculative salvos at long range couldn't hurt just in case you got a decent hit or two.
    4
  2664. Will do
    4
  2665. You can blame the English high school French course I took 😀
    4
  2666. Yep, there was a forge down with the engines designed to supply the shells with molten iron. Once full, it was basically a race to get the shell back up to the gun, loaded and fired before the heat bled through the shell casing and padding to an unacceptably high heat level. Fun times.
    4
  2667. It's probably a regional thing, much like you get Hitler themed bars in some SEA countries, to the West the Kido Butai is simply a military formation. To certain SEA countries it probably means a lot more.
    4
  2668.  @spinetanium3296  no 15" aft magazine, no explode :) also, 9 guns firing instead of 4, so could maintain a finer angle :)
    4
  2669. Did that one a couple of months ago, check the links on the description :)
    4
  2670. Indeed, I covered that more extensively in the third part of my video series on the Battle of Jutland :)
    4
  2671.  @misterthegeoff9767  basically Congressional budget restrictions, the USN barely had enough money allocated for new construction to keep up with battleship development, barely any cruisers and destroyers were built. During WW1 the purse strings were loosened, due to their speed of construction this meant large amounts of destroyers had been built by 1918.
    4
  2672. I kinda referred to them in referring to the ships that were hired to bring coal to meet ships in harbour, but yes, probably should have made a bigger deal about them.
    4
  2673. Poor quality iron one insufficiently refined is more prone to significant fractures and failures.
    4
  2674. Because they ended up still being mixed battery ships (amongst other things) and so did not count towards dreadnoughts once completed.
    4
  2675. Hopefully people won't ask me to sing now :D
    4
  2676. Time constraints :)
    4
  2677. Only one two British carriers were lost to torpedoes, Eagle was a WW1 era hull hit by multiple torpedoes, Ark Royal went down partially due to poor choices by the Captain and largely due to the presence of a longitudinal bulkhead in the machinery spaces.
    4
  2678. Yep, she took considerable damage in a storm after capture, exacerbated by the hull damage letting water in. That meant the hull rotted out fairly quickly.
    3
  2679. Ideally I'd like to have it done by the end of the year.
    3
  2680.  @Nyctasia  I'm relatively familiar with the post-WW1 designs that led to Washington but not so familiar with a follow-on to the SoDak (1920) design. Best way to contact me would either be via email (fiveminuteguides@gmail.com) or on the Discord server, link in the video description).
    3
  2681.  @ThatZenoGuy  near misses have caused similar damage (Bismark for example knocked out Rodney's AA fire control director, Scharnhorst crippled most.of Sheffields powerplant) to other ships, but they are never credited as hits. Some sources, including a number written nearer the time, note that IJN cruisers, which were significantly closer, were also firing six gun salvos and some of those were also firing on the US ships at the time. As a result, they credit the cruisers with the near-miss. Thus, for me to come down to two things: 1) A damaging near miss has never been counted as a hit in any other naval engagement, so why would an exception be made here? (Iowa got a bunch of near misses on a small IJN ship at long range, but these are not credited as hits, rather as misses) 2) From the various sources I've seen, the idea that this particular shell came from Yamato is plausible but by no means the academic consensus at the moment. Of course, that may change.
    3
  2682. If it occurred then it was near miss, Bismarck scored similar near misses in it's last battle but is not credited with any hits. On top of that, I could not find an academic consensus on the source of the hit to White Plains. Some historians claim it was Yamato, others disagree.
    3
  2683. Ah I see, in which case, yes it probably would be overkill as to get any deck penetration advantage you'd probably have to fire it mortar-style, and with the same tech that made the 16"/50 your be better off brute forcing things with an 18"/45 or 18"/50 in direct fire mode :)
    3
  2684. Couple of months
    3
  2685. I said level bombing hardly ever sank ships, occasionally hits were scored but the ratio of bombs dropped by level bombers to hits scored is massive compared to dive and torpedo bomber hit percentages.
    3
  2686. O had to draw a line at two, otherwise I'd be there all day :)
    3
  2687. I appreciate the extra detail you cover here, the main point I was trying to get to was that, all other politics aside, Seymour was simply not a fully trained signals officer and should never have been put in that position by Beatty.
    3
  2688. Because it's not a fact, several squadrons of Sunderlands saw action in the Pacific
    3
  2689. I did, he'd a very nice cat :)
    3
  2690. Enterprise gonna Enterprise :)
    3
  2691.  @kellybreen5526  yep :)
    3
  2692. Well, they beat Norris, Drake was sitting off shore watching the whole thing unfold 😀
    3
  2693. As someone who is half-Bolivian, I can assure you my maternal ancestors were not especially keen on the forcible takeover of their homeland. There is also the matter of what exists on paper and what exists in practice. On paper South American (minus Brazil) might have been notionally part of Spain, but in practice if you were a native you were usually very much a second-class citizen.
    3
  2694. For the most part yes, there were problems with magnetic detonators early in the war but they werent universally issued at the time and also relatively easy to swap back to contact detonators.
    3
  2695. Well, it'll take a while, but likely :)
    3
  2696. If there is a specific website associated with the ad I might be able to block it in adsense. Unfortunately I don't have any other control over what ad's YT chooses to run.
    3
  2697. Probably in late February. :)
    3
  2698. I will do more as it's requested and/or scheduled. ::)
    3
  2699. Yep, that's the ship the Admiralty was making its calculations on.
    3
  2700. Yep, even in the 1860's, but with the warships of that time being largely Broadside or central battery ships there was less impact on overall ship design as compared to when turrets became predominant.
    3
  2701. I did a whole video on the whole 'armoured flight deck or not' question :)
    3
  2702. It's Anson's squadron flying the flag of the Red squadron back when it was an RN flag, before it became the merchant flag.
    3
  2703. They've got to get the shell and charge up from the magazines using the hoists and interlocks. Plus many pre-dreadnought guns needed to be lowered to be reloaded, then raised back to firing position.
    3
  2704. Diego Salvati robo voice special?
    3
  2705. No worries, you're stuck with my real voice now :)
    3
  2706. Matthew Robinson sure
    3
  2707. We can look at them in more detail in a future video
    3
  2708. Your wish is my command: https://youtu.be/HvQj2oM69IY
    3
  2709. Most accessible version is here: https://imgur.com/rICv5Sg
    3
  2710. Not so much small as just not quite breaking into the give largest and most active.
    3
  2711. Yes, in the same way Bellerophon was named after a Greek hero, and Invincible was named after the quality, not trying to make a statement of fact. But nonetheless, the ship itself still carries the name and you end up with the same kind of irony as when 'Invincible' exploded when 'Saviour of the World' ends up unable to save itself. :)
    3
  2712.  @535phobos  with water depth it's very dependant on precise depth conditions. There are known areas where hydrodynamic effects make ships of certain drafts and displacement faster by a knot or two, min the early years of destroyer construction Thornycroft and Yarrow were notorious for testing their ships in one or two particular areas that gave them an artificial leg up. Of course those areas wouldn't help a battlecruiser, due to their different dimensions and displacement, but there were known 'sweet spot' areas where many of them were run that give an artificially high result. It's cumulative, so if you ship is designed for 25knots, better powerplant performance might give you 0.5-.75knots, an elite crew might buy 0.5knots, good coal might buy 0.5-0.75 knots over average, light loading might but around 1 knot and the right depth of water might but 0.5-1knot. Put together, and your 25knot ship is suddenly making 28.5knots. But go into wartime and the only thing you'll have from that is your good powerplant and suddenly you can maybe hit 26knots at a push. With Goeben, she was designed for 0.5knots more than her pursuers, and with a partial engine clean vs the chasing ships somewhat less clean systems her pulling ahead is fairly predictable, but the flip side is her contemporary was Lion, and Lion would've run her down. Coal quality also helped, albeit that in the first few hours good as bad coal would give maybe 1-1.5knots difference from standard, where it really hurt was the amount of smoke bad coal made and how quickly it clogged the boilers. For example at Jutland by the time the night actions began bad coal meant some German destroyers were down to pre-dreadnought speeds thanks to choked boilers and grates that needed cleaning.
    3
  2713. Shockingly, you can only for a very brief overview into 5 minutes. :D
    3
  2714.  @JevansUK  true, but that is more to do with the lack of the BC's success as opposed to the main reason they blew up :)
    3
  2715. I think it was mentioned in the video at one point.
    3
  2716. Yes, but they weren't technically at war yet. So Enterprise gets first enemy vessel sunk in the actual war :p
    3
  2717. MakeMeThinkAgain I believe either taking crew off for shore leave or delivering them back again.
    3
  2718. There's a lot of close-ups in the video, not so many larger sweeping shots though. :)
    3
  2719. The problems of interviews conducted across to the other side of the planet. :)
    3
  2720. The route up would need some strengthening.
    3
  2721.  @lukelee5385  you adjust the handle to indicate acknowledgement of the order. :)
    3
  2722. Haven't been to Averoff yet but really want to
    3
  2723. I did mention Bismarck's AA might be able to degrade the Swordfish strength to prevent further operations, but at the end of the day the poornold Bismarck was really in a bad way mobility-wise that day, speed and turn wise it was only one step above stationary when it came to air dropped torpedo attack.
    3
  2724.  @michaeljones9861  although they did accept Hood, so they might accept them in exchange for Nelson being a one-off
    3
  2725. It's possible to make arguments for cancelling quite a few ships, but with the ones you listed, most of them wouldn't have had as much of an effect in critical situations. For example, cancelling Vanguard saves resources, but at best would have given the UK another carrier at the end of these war, not a huge advantage considering the war was pretty much done naval-wise. Courageous was a bad idea in conceot but did end up giving the UK a decent inter-war carrier, it's difficult to see what else might've been built save maybe a third Renown or enough of an Admiral that these could be made (arguably superior) carriers instead. Massena likewise was so obsolete by the time it actually mattered that anything in her place would have seen the same fate, and anything the IJN was putting out by the time Shinano hit the water was mostly Free XP for the USN. There are plenty of arguments from a simple waste of resources perspective, but I tried to pick ships where their most likely replacements would have significant benefits to the navy in question. :)
    3
  2726. I'm actually going to do an extended half hour version on the ship later this month :D
    3
  2727. It's not up yet, it will be posted on both channels when it is. :)
    3
  2728.  @MayaMediated  the footage from the video was shot on a mixture of my phone, a Samsung S20+, a DJI Pocket 2 and a DJI Ronin 4d
    3
  2729.  @sirtoast4502  you could argue Rodney torpedoed Bismarck, although then you get into which particular bunch of explosive actually sank the ship :p
    3
  2730. Size-wise, 2mm. Performance-wise, depends entirely on which particular guns are being compared. But the calibre difference is due to some countries using imperial and some metric measurements. 5.9" = 150mm, nice round number for metric. 152mm = 6", nice round number for Imperial :)
    3
  2731. Funny thing is the UK probably spent more keeping four/five different classes of carrier in service for several decades plus all the extra wasted on repairs, upgrades, modernisation's etc to make them remotely operable in the jet age. Overall, a four-Malta fleet would've been a cost saver.
    3
  2732. Next week, got the list mixed up :)
    3
  2733. Yep, the French dreadnought line is actually the only one I've done end to end :)
    3
  2734. Yeah they have looked into the preserved paint layers and come to the conclusion the ships yellowness was paler back in the day.
    3
  2735. There is just so much wrong here... The Dutch had barely any large ships use to the shallow nature of their coastal waters, the fact the British had heavy ships and the Dutch didn't was a significant factor in the early Anglo-Dutch Wars. The 80-gun Two Decker's of Spain and France were less agile than the British ships but generally faster due to having a greater length to beam ratio. The razees came about largely to disposed of 64's no longer useful in the line of battle, the main ship of the line for the RN in the Napoleonic era was the 74. Victory was noted by all sides as an especially faster sailer for a first rate ship of the line. British ship construction was on par with French and Spanish, the difference was the British built squatter more agile ships suited to long operations at sea. Many French and Spanish ships were faster due to greater length but could not operate at sea for as long before needed refits and repairs. Captured ships were favoured by British captain's for their speed, but had to be sent back to port much earlier when on blockade duty. If you look at 1690-1800 the Royal Navy built 12 three deck 1st rates, the French built 16, the Spanish built at least 11. At Trafalgar the British had 7 three Decker's to the Franco-Spanish 4, but all four of those were first rates, only three British ships were, the other four were second rates, and the British having more three Decker's was unusual at Trafalgar compared to the usual Napoleonic era fleet battle.
    3
  2736. The Royal Navy says she is still in commission, can't argue with them as it's their ship.
    3
  2737. It's a tricky subject that I didn't want to try and address in this particular video as technically sloped armour to deflect projectiles goes back to the medieval period and beyond 😀
    3
  2738. I don't make YT's rules, I just have to love with them :)
    3
  2739. IJN amphibious tanks are a great subject to cover, got to find some intact for this kind of ideo though!😅
    3
  2740. I probably could've worded that better to "non-diesel engines"
    3
  2741. Always up for collabs :)
    3
  2742. I've been increasing the volume over the past few months to the point the audio is painfully loud in editing without turning my speakers down to minimal. Not sure what else I can do? 😞
    3
  2743. I don't think I could stretch "Zoom, whoosh, boom, glug" to even five minutes :p
    3
  2744. Hence why the bb gunline duel is a bit of a coin-flip :)
    3
  2745. They were more of nations that happened to randomly attack people. :D
    3
  2746. Feel free to let the USN report writers know :)
    3
  2747. Sure, next one will be from this video up to WW2
    3
  2748. I'm using "full length" to describe a single continuous hanger deck, as opposed to the separated hangers on the same level that featured in some earlier carriers like the first incarnations of Furious. I did not mean to imply the hanger went from bow to stern.
    3
  2749.  @na3044  I will in the future :)
    3
  2750. I found those ones at a campground when we were last passing through :)
    3
  2751. I have a feeling that's exactly what would've happened if they had reached their destination
    3
  2752. Yep, basically on weeks where the Wednesday special is more like 10-15 min video I revoice a bunch of the robo videos, but on weeks where it's 20+ mins I focus on that.
    3
  2753. Flower class is somewhere on the list :)
    3
  2754. I'll do my best.
    3
  2755.  @stevemolloy1289  you mean the channel admin section?
    3
  2756. Warrior drew nearly 28ft as compared to 20ft for a typical third rate ship of the line, which from my understanding would limit Warriors approaches and operational area quite considerably in general, and more specifically from the charts I've seen the specific place to book identifies is far too shallow. :)
    3
  2757. I've been looking for a reasonably priced cope of Friedmans Amphibious warships for a while 😀
    3
  2758. I lived :)
    3
  2759. I used to have only skippable ads on, YT has since changed the system so its either earn nothing or allow YT to decide what kind of ads lead the video. 😞
    3
  2760.  @charlescourtwright2229  that's exactly what didn't happen. :)
    3
  2761.  @GriffinParke  If they had the time, as it was, there was only a couple of seconds.
    3
  2762. The 4" was the shops AA armament, in a surface action with zero threat of air attack the gun crews were kept inside the ship and the stores locked up since they would not accomplish anything outside except die messily of the ship took hits which otherwise didn't compromise it's ability to fight a surface action.
    3
  2763.  @buzzardbeurling  yep, I've got similar notes plus a few clues I've found hunting through the archives. :)
    3
  2764.  @Duffman-zn7ku  the main things is even with some of the more interesting 7" penetration scenarios, such a hit would still wind up in the 4" magazines, but should probably have seen a semi-horizontal jet of flame out the side along with the one around the main mast. The shell going under the belt would not have this issue as much due to incoming water plugging the hole, which makes it fit with the observed circumstances a bit better.
    3
  2765. The rudder position neither indicates that ship was in the middle of a hard turn (although it could be in the process of starting one) nor makes any comment about the ships heel. In fact, if you consult Knights Seamanship, you will see a ship placed in a given direction of turn in fact starts with a slight turn and roll opposite to that which it is directed, before commencing the main part of the turn.
    3
  2766. Well, she wasn't hit in her main magazine and she didn't have 'little' armour. So....
    3
  2767. The main thing would've been her refit would've made her faster (or more accurately, capable of her original speed again) and the change in hull form would've affected the wave profile generated. Would it have been enough? Maybe, maybe not, but she certainly wouldn't have been in those precise circumstances.
    3
  2768. I'm working on it, but I'm aiming to go big, so needs some time :)
    3
  2769. Not necessarily perfect, but the margin of error between reasonable shell penetration at that range and the thicknesses involved mean that even the most (reasonably) imperfect armour etc would still hold up.
    3
  2770. It is on the list to do eventually :)
    3
  2771. With regards to the Two South Dakota vs the Two Bismarck's, South Dakota electrical faults were a one-off systems failure that isn't representative of the ship or the class in WW2 normal operational circumstances. If the question was what if Bismarck replaced Kirishima then this would factor in but in a generic match-up it doesn't. With regards to fire control, you can't hide the sensors from enemy fire, this is true, however, the cables that connect the sensors ultimately to the turrets can be protected, and on British and American ships they were. On the Bismarck, whilst the feed from the secondary stations had such cable connection protection, the primary fire control station had no such protection which makes that feed vastly more vulnerable to shrapnel and blast damage, which is part of why Bismarck's ability to fire back was crippled so quickly despite primary fire control not taking a direct hit. With that taken in account, you have the South Dakota with an extra gun each, and 16" shells vs 15" shells (with the German shells having a fairly high dud rate). You also then have the American ships with better protected fire control, and better radar directed fire control systems in the first place (the fire control tech and radar fitted to the American ships is superior to that on the Bismarck's even before we get to the German tendency to knock out their own radar with their gun blast) as well as an armour scheme that will protect the ship better at the typical medium ranges the engagement is likely to take place in. Therefore, the South Dakotas are likely to hit first, hit harder, take hits better in terms of overall durability and fire control survivability. Hence they should have a definite advantage. Hope that clears things up a bit.
    3
  2772. I've done the Roma, although it was in the robot voice. The Alaska is on the list though :)
    3
  2773.  @kuhluhOG  if it was just a straight up him battle it would be a lot closer, but that critical flaw in comms line location mean that statistically Alabama can render a Bismarck class unable to effectively fight back relatively easily in most fights. Fix that problem and it's a lot closer.
    3
  2774.  @Viper-dn8ix  a bit of an answer in the Drydock tommorow, but the Wednesday specials are all over the place in terms of production time.
    3
  2775. Everything is flammable if you're ambitious enough :D
    3
  2776.  @krzysztofkulikowski4090  because volume scales clinically but calibre scales linearly a 16 inch she'll is twice the worth but around 8 times the mass of an 8 inch shell. This means that for the smaller and lighter shell it's possible to resist it through sheer strength of the hard face. The much greater mass of battleship shells meant a more complex defence was needed even with thicker armour due to the physical limits of steel.
    3
  2777.  @hitoshisawa8479  the material/chemical properties of the Japanese face hardened armour didn't advance much past WW1, German and British did. The materials properties tables don't support Japanese armour being of higher quality than them.
    3
  2778.  @hitoshisawa8479  'best' is subjective. As I said it was the thickest, which means the turret faces had the most resistance of any ship in service. So by that metric, yes it was the 'best'. But at the same time the quality of the steel itself was not the best, an Italian, British or German turret would have been able to have the same resistance but needed less steel to do so. My video looks at quality as a per-inch restive value, not a simple race to see who can drop the thickest plate onto a ship.
    3
  2779.  @LostShipMate  sure, if they are requested :)
    3
  2780. I would recommend "Six Frigates" and "The Challenge" for two detailed but very different accounts of the ship and it's activities primarily in the War of 1812. You should be able to pull together a balanced view and account, and expand your reading out from their bibliographys where needed :)
    3
  2781. I have it and many others, and used it to make this video. What precisely do you think is wrong?
    3
  2782. Still working on the audio issues with my set-up :(
    3
  2783. Yep
    3
  2784. Some point next year :)
    3
  2785. That's for a video on the Norway campaign in general :)
    3
  2786. Most sailors have extremely dark gallows humour.
    3
  2787.  @jimkeats891  models by Warlord games, painting by me and a commission painter. Sails and rigging all done by me 😀
    3
  2788.  @nicolassantiago5581  I've seen some argument that some (though not all) of the segment presented as Denmark Strait is actually Bismarck engaging Norfolk and Suffolk earlier, but I haven't looked into the film in the level of detail needed for me to give any informed opinion on how much is from the battle with Hood and PoW. :)
    3
  2789. Her surface radar wasn't good enough for FCS solutions, it was at the 1939/40 level of 'can tell a thing is over there'
    3
  2790. I put together the prospects of the night attack based on a number of things, the FAA crews did have night attack training, there are proportionally a lot of them (previous night/darkness/poor weather attacks by far fewer FAA aircraft on moving targets usually generated at least a couple of hits), and as mentioned in the video the air groups were practicing massed air attacks (on Force B) in the days leading up the potential encounter with CarDiv2. With regards to the Val strike, it is of course possible Nagumo would wait to cycle up a full strike package, but on the other hand he had specifically set aside the Vals on hot standby in case of warships being discovered, so it would be equally odd to set them aside given Nagumo knew British carriers were possibility and that's the force he had in reserve to ostensibly deal with them. We can also see that the strike he sent after Hermes was almost unescorted (single digit numbers of Zeroes), despite there not being any way for him to know that Hermes wasn't carrying fighters (or indeed any aircraft).
    3
  2791. Poland might disagree :D
    3
  2792. It's a very complex battle to talk about (the actual one), and this version got voted the highest for me to cover, so here we are :D
    3
  2793. Yep. I've been sent a huge set of data and studies covering it. Still working through all the fine details :)
    3
  2794. If the ship is laid down in 1936 it could conceivably be fitted with weapons entering active service in 36/37
    3
  2795. I'm a huge fan, have been since it was released
    3
  2796. Hobbyboss does a range of predread kits including some French ships.
    3
  2797. You can of course provide examples of this?
    3
  2798. Courtesy flag during to being in an American harbour
    3
  2799. They are called 'courtesy flags' and are typically flown when a ship is in a friendly foreign port.
    3
  2800. Of the WW1 German designs that got built, I'd definitely put these ships in the top 3 best.
    3
  2801. That was the first ship we saw :)
    3
  2802. Saturday guides will still be around 5 minutes, but as a Wednesday special I'm not bound to any time limit, and didn't feel Texas could be done justice in 5 minutes.
    3
  2803. It is, to a degree. Still rusts out though.
    3
  2804.  @zoranocokoljic8927  there are a pair of volvo engines in the hold
    3
  2805. Yes :)
    3
  2806. I'll get to that in the next Drydock :)
    3
  2807. I don't think it's likely, the French guns were built differently to the German 380mm from WW1. The two main factor's I've seen mostly cited from period sources are that the Richelieu only just got away and had not actually gone through it's shakedown cruise as far as testing it's guns went, so it experienced all the issues one would normally find in testing except in a live battlefield environment. Additionally, most of the early faults were traced to poor design of the shells, a situation akin to the Italians except with explosions instead of inaccuracy. Most of the major issues went away when redesigned shells were issued.
    3
  2808.  @guilty_mulburry5903  the Tsars Last Armada is good for the voyage itself.
    3
  2809. I'll make that the subject of the 5k sub video
    3
  2810.  @drows3y_tiger344  that's what the drydock is for
    3
  2811. They should send me the key I paid for :D
    3
  2812. The armour is angled andnmounted internally set back from the out hull line fore and aft, what you are seeing is fuel tanks and void spaces outside the belt with access above, the back of the indent is in fact where the belt is.
    3
  2813. Yep :)
    3
  2814. Apologies, fixed
    3
  2815.  @dirtyhlbly  Yokosuka Japan of all places.
    3
  2816. There's a schedule on drachinifel.co.uk
    3
  2817. I'd also challenge you to back up you original comment, apart from anything the entire video only had two outright British wins, Champlain 1813 which is covered in about 15 seconds and Lake Huron, which is mostly down to luck and native allies. By contrast, the Americans won Fort St George, York, Lake Erie and Champlain by good planning and decisive personal leadership. So please, show me where the bias is, I rather suspect it's your own boas in play.
    3
  2818. Which one? The highest res version of the thumbnail for this video can be found at: https://windsorstar.com/sinclair-exped
    3
  2819. There was an earlier party of the same name, to which President Madison belonged.
    3
  2820. They're still only armed with 6" guns, which makes them light cruisers under the treaty definitions :)
    3
  2821. Yes, but in this video I was only covering the Groms, hence why the others weren't mentioned. :)
    3
  2822. Amusingly, it's actually spelt out that way in the reports :D
    3
  2823. About half way, it's about 15% more than a service charge.
    3
  2824. They did, but that was more an issue with the welding than the hull material itself.
    3
  2825. It is on the list :)
    3
  2826. Pity they don't ship to the UK :p
    3
  2827. Yep
    3
  2828. Here you go: https://youtu.be/WcEf8oO2uug :)
    3
  2829. Paraguay actually had it's own monitors. The Bolivian Navy... well, my little joke isn't that far from the truth to be honest for the period Parnaiba was built in. They've got a few more ships these days, but I actually think Parnaiba could solo the Bolivian river forces.
    3
  2830. I believe it's a museum ship
    3
  2831. As it's been used as a store ship for quite a while awaiting it's engines, I did not count it as in active service (in its intended role), although if it does get refitted and brought back then it will take the crown back.
    3
  2832. I can give it a go :)
    3
  2833. Watching it now :)
    3
  2834. It takes the paint off fine, but each type and colour of paint seems to use a different focal distance to the main one for the rust itself.
    3
  2835. I think it would depend on the metal the coin is made of but in general clears rust and patina on metals I've tested.
    3
  2836. I believe it is pulsed.
    3
  2837.  @classicalextremism  a mask is absolutely needed in most cases, out in the open with a strong breeze reduces the risks a lot but I probably should still have had a filter mask
    3
  2838. British damage control in WW2 was similar to American, everyone was supposed to know what to do if their area got hit, but there was more emphasis on securing off flooded areas and making sure the water didn't spread, or fixing small breaches, as opposed to more general things like the spread of fumes etc, whose spotting would lay with the officers of the section in question. There was also a dedicated damage control team, but this was more of a higher level unit responsible for directing efforts all over the ship as opposed to running after every possible incident.
    3
  2839.  @chriselliott4199  coming soon (TM) :)
    3
  2840.  @tommeakin1732  I speak the English I grew up with.
    3
  2841.  @stevevalley7835  I think most of the Czech armour went into the Illustrious flight decks, but my memory is a bit fuzzy there. By assuming the UK wasn't pressing for 14", I assumed a slightly more bellicose government and Admiralty, who would start building when Japan walked away from London II. 😀
    3
  2842. In the video description I linked to a number of books and articles I drew the information from, which also contain further details I couldn't fit into 5 minutes :)
    3
  2843. Because history isn't limited to the nation you were born in :)
    3
  2844. By speed-of-light I'm mainly referring to the fact it's much easier to get the laser to hit a target compared to the 3-d ballistics and deflection need of a gun-based CIWS.
    3
  2845. I believe it has to do with the depth reached and the speed of return to the surface. It is possible (though rare) to get the bend whilst freediving, and an uncontrolled and rapid descent most likely past the point any sane freediver would go, followed by a very rapid and equally uncontrolled ascent would likely be enough to cause such an effect.
    3
  2846. There are two 'bat' bombs, the one you refer to and the BAT radar guided AShM, I was referring to the latter. :)
    3
  2847. With any memoir I would tend to value the accounts of what the author actually did (in that books case fly aircraft) and their commentary on other matters much less so.
    3
  2848. Invincible had a kill list of part of von Spee's squadron plus Lutzow, so yeah, she got a good return on investment.
    3
  2849.  @wordsshackles441  most of Senshi Shoho has not been published in English, so I can point you the section dealing with Samar but unless you happen to have someone to hand that can translate the Japanese for you, you'll be a bit stuck. (I do have a couple of friends who are English-Japanese bilingual, hence my access to it). If you want English language sources, Robert Lundgrens "The World Wondered" derails that battle with extensive quotes and references to Japanese primary sources.
    3
  2850. Good catch!
    3
  2851. Were you even listening to the same video as everyone else? 🤔
    3
  2852. It has it's own video :)
    3
  2853. These intro videos are generally aimed at books that give a fairly wide ranging view of the navy in question, so class-specific books generally don't get mentioned that much unless there's a special reason (like the absurd prices on the Kaga book). The Legends series is pretty good for picking up the basics of various ship classes though!
    3
  2854. From what I've read she wasn't hit directly but was peppered by lots of near misses and being a small ship these were enough to render her unlikely to be serviceable for combat again.
    3
  2855. Mostly Parkes :)
    3
  2856.  @Right-Is-Right  I'm thinking spring as it'll hopefully get more people interested in going
    3
  2857. Bob Smith possibly hms Saracen, which was a fictionalised account of Erebus
    3
  2858.  @zarabada6125  it's always a bit of a minefield picking sources. Closer to the time cuts out revisionism and agenda-driven histories to a degree, but as you mention at other times the full picture can only be found later. Guessing which one to believe...
    3
  2859. You would guess incorrectly :) I actually used an original copy Janes Fighting Ships for the period which specifies Erebus receiving Ney's guns.
    3
  2860. It refers to placing one turret so it fires directly above the other, which is at a lower position.
    3
  2861. Basically it becomes incredibly risky with the sheer numbers of torpedoes the IJN's cruisers and destroyers can put into such a confined environment.
    3
  2862. That was the subject of the first 'what if' at Samar video :)
    3
  2863. I'll be there all day, so if I'm not in the drydock itself feel free to snag me :)
    3
  2864. Too many details, too little time. Have to do a Wdnesday video on them at some point 😀
    3
  2865. I did kinda repeatedly point out that IQ tests are mostly junk 😀
    3
  2866. The other one made it back missing about a third of one wing! :D
    3
  2867. I think those are bars put in afterward to try and hold it all together
    3
  2868.  @chemputer  Pretty much :)
    3
  2869. It didn't get that rust overnight :)
    3
  2870. Possibly, depending on the ship. Most of the Z plan was iterative, although H-41 and onwards start becoming rapidly more questionable. H-39 and the O class were perfectly feasible.
    3
  2871. Most of the island-less carriers tended to have a bridge under the flight deck at the front. Kaga is a good example of this. Others, like Furious, got a minimal navigation bridge later in life.
    3
  2872.  @joeblow9657  yes :)
    3
  2873. Perhaps one or two :)
    3
  2874. When there are serious issues with whether the ship has become unstable and/or short of supplies due to additional weight of weapons and numbers of crew. :p
    3
  2875. The main issues are that the French guns suffer accuracy issues due to close packed guns in the turrets, albeit this is fixable, and due to the differences in armour, even Strasbourg os vulnerable at realistic battle range to Scharnhorsts guns, whilst Scharnhorst has some marginal protection at the outer bands of combat ranges. With regards to the KGV 14" gun, that gun still has a larger bursting charge and is therefore more destructive, albeit that the penetration of the French gun as very good for it's calibre. Basically, it's a combination of factors that mitigate it's effectiveness. If they introduced delay coils on the guns and/or added an extra inch or two of armour on top of Strasbourgs thickness, then it completely changes things and gives the French ships a significant advantage.
    3
  2876.  @sreckocuvalo8110  I've seen a lot of people use Vallejo but to be honest I've not used their products apart from airbrush paints.
    3
  2877. Unless one or the other crew was noted as especially skilled or terrible I tend to otherwise assume general competence.
    3
  2878.  @TheIamfrustrated  Halsey
    3
  2879. This is incorrect, the frigate was USS Merrimac, part of a class also named after rivers. She was renamed CSS Virginia upon salvage and conversion.
    3
  2880. Yes, predatory DRM company bpuhht the rights a decade after the video went up and tried to claim the entire video
    3
  2881. The last warrior
    3
  2882.  @cyberpunkprussian  4 full turns
    3
  2883.  @MrDiggityaus  I review ships in basically the order they were requested. There are some WW2 Italian ships on the list further down :)
    3
  2884.  @seth1422  it varied, a number of later monitors still used the many laminated 1-inch plates, but the New Ironsides managed solid plate for example.
    3
  2885. Suffice to say HMS Captain didn't do a lot for the reputation of Cole's inventions :p
    3
  2886. She is on the list :)
    3
  2887. Cruising speed is in keeping with German tactics, once out of immediate danger. Even when Bismarck was being chased by Norfolk, Suffolk and PoW she didn't go flank speed to get back to France. Plus, any engagement between Hood, PoW and the DD's is going to happen that night / next morning or not at all, so the DD's aren't going to run out of fuel in that period. Likewise, the Luftwaffe can recon Scapa at night. Also note that I did allow for the possibility of radical course/speed change, but given historic German operations when ships turned back a flank speed run back to Norway seems very unlikely, especially at night when such a move would render their excellent hydrophobia useless and leave them at the mercy of a temperamental radar set to tell them of they were running into danger.
    3
  2888.  @johnbeaulieu2404  only newly built hulls
    3
  2889. The Saturday videos are done on the order ships were requested, list of upcoming vids in the description. :)
    3
  2890. Biscuits may be sent to me ;)
    3
  2891. I agree, it is very odd and I expected the same, but when I looked at KGV's fuel use figures from her trials and the USN's recorded figures it upended things, but I still had to report based on those figures. As I mentioned I suspect it might've been due to optimisation for specific speeds, as well as the poor quality fuel KGV had in the mid-war, which is when she ran with the NorCal's.
    3
  2892. One more :)
    3
  2893. Many thanks, and don't worry, a video on the battle will be done sooner or later and the reasoning for the various ships actions will be covered in detail. :)
    3
  2894. Various public domain sources, as they're all over 120 years old :)
    3
  2895.  @theotherohlourdespadua1131  "Got there first" as in part of the general first wave of European traders to show up in any major numbers, as opposed to some of the other European powers including the British who showed up a bit later. :)
    3
  2896.  @atypicalprogrammer5777  friedmans British Battleships of the Victorian Era covers some of the issues briefly. Part of the problem is that the 110lber could be very accurate if properly used, so you'll find a number of period sources commenting on that, which tends to obscure the reports of what happens when the screw and vent piece weren't perfectly utilised.
    3
  2897. That would be for a separate video looking at the rest of the operation in more detail
    3
  2898. Such as?
    3
  2899.  @thibaudduhamel2581  Hello, thankyou for your extensive response, I would like to address the points you raised here: 1) Admiral d'Argenlieu only managed to reach de Gaulle 3-4 days before the attack took place, after the planning for the Operations was already complete. He was also at this point still of inferior rank to Gensoul, only attaining Admiral rank a year after the attack. As such, it's unlikely the British even knew who he was or that he was around at the time. Additionally, whilst Captain Holland was a British Captain, this afforded him certain courtesies and protections that a French officer would not have received, Gensoul could simply have arrested any Free French officer as a traitor. 2) With regards to Gensouls actions, he cannot reasonably have thought himself safe except temporarily, he was fully aware of what the armistice terms said and he also said he was determined to maintain them. As I covered, these meant that most of the French fleet would have to sail into German custody, supposedly to be disarmed. If he truly meant to obey the armistice then he would lose his ships anyway. If he did not intend to obey it, then he cannot have been honest in saying he would, nor in refusing the British options because of consequences to France, since if he intended to disobey and preserve his ships then those consequences would come anyway. 3) All of the French ships present had the range and were in a fit state to make an Atlantic crossing, they had minor refit and repair needs due to wartime operation, but all were seaworthy. 4) I do not believe Gensoul took the most reasonable option, hence my opinion of him. He knew his choice would lead directly to being attacked, he'd been told that repeatedly. He made multiple choices that ended with "or be fired upon", I can't see willingly taking that last option as reasonable. 5) I did not accuse Darlan of lying or being unreliable, except when he tried to deceive the British with a false copy of the treaty. In fact I noted that his intention to preserve the fleet appears to have been genuine. What I explained was why the British government of the time THOUGHT he was lying and unreliable. 6) With regards to Vichy France and potential alternate timelines, given the Vichy government collaborated to the point of handing over Frances Jewish population I doubt they were especially radicalised by the incident, it maybe gave them an excuse, but the Petain government was already on the record as strongly anti-British from it's earliest days. As such, a larger French fleet in North Africa (assuming the Germans allowed it) would just have meant more fighting when Torch arrived.
    3
  2900. That would be great, could you drop me a line via Discord or email?
    3
  2901. Well, a 10,000 ton ship should have more cargo space as the engines and other non-cargo hold elements only need to exist once as opposed to a collection of 10 x 1,000 ton ships which had ten sets of crew quarters, engines, fuel tanks etc, each individually smaller but collectively occupying more overall volume. :)
    3
  2902. @elliottjames8020  originally it was supposed to have all guns inside the citadel, then they were going to replace the 68lbers with 110lbers, then those didn't work so they went back to mostly 68's and a few 110's, but now with more guns than planned a few had to go outside the citadel
    3
  2903. Yep, its called Rule the Waves.
    3
  2904. Combination of rapid channel growth and a busy schedule
    3
  2905. Later this year :)
    3
  2906.  @Director_Orson_Krennic  the biggest problem with these longer videos isn't finding the information, it's trying to decide what to leave out so it doesn't rum into hours and hours. 😀
    3
  2907.  @Director_Orson_Krennic  there's a long queue and working out WW2 destroyers involves a lot of data. I've been working on the script since this one came out, it's about 80% done
    3
  2908.  @MFitz12  in theory, as I mentioned, in practice captain's tended not to like this due to the tendency for such torpedos to circle back due to faulty gyros.
    3
  2909. Eventually :)
    3
  2910. Still working on it :)
    3
  2911. Yep, the treaty limits were basically written to allow decent ships of WW1 design. The minute you had to start adding AA guns, radar, sonar, more armour to deal with better guns etc, you ended up having to make compromises.
    3
  2912. Ooh, where did that happen?
    3
  2913. Didn't seem to phase most of the officers and men of the Pacific Fleet.
    3
  2914. Nelsons life is simple compared to WW2 destroyers :D
    3
  2915.  @HistoryGameV  it's partially covered in the video on HMAS Sydney, but I might do a special at some point on Kormoran.
    3
  2916. I was referencing the 'magical' ability to not hear orders to withdraw but only those letting them stay :)
    3
  2917.  @readingrailroadfan7683  The could ride over rather than through the waves due to their smaller size and displacement, and they had far less top-weight
    3
  2918. The same man :)
    3
  2919. I did my best to up the volume on them without creating too much audio artefacting
    3
  2920. The latter part of the 1860s saw the USN dropping ships at a catastrophic rate, by 1870 the USN was a shadow of what it had been five years previously.
    3
  2921. Hobbyboss
    3
  2922. I heard it once described as the "That which should be outside, is now inside" alarm. :D
    3
  2923. Latest one is better
    3
  2924. I blame too much Star Trek :)
    3
  2925. True, but I imagined the demand for the ship to operate in home waters might change a bit with an IJN fleet nearby :)
    3
  2926. I would have to find someone who could make such maps :)
    3
  2927.  @davisjohnston9251  there's a level of "not reporting to the Admiral under the mistaken belief he can see what's happening" and "ignoring the Admirals request for reports when you know full well that you're the only one with relevant information."
    3
  2928. The automated narrator came first. From the USS Stewart video onwards, it went to human :)
    3
  2929.  @gerfand  it scared Congress into actually paying for some ships for the first time since the American Civil War :D
    3
  2930. I had to go with the question as asked for the Tegethoff (the question as submitted was much longer and more specific). Edit: with Hornet it would depend on exactly what the state of the ship at the time, which is of course slightly unknown given the last known state of the ship was some time previous before the USN lobbed a bunch of shells and torpedoes into it. :D
    3
  2931. Indeed
    3
  2932. Late March / Early April next year.
    3
  2933. According to the list it's due late March / early April.
    3
  2934. The question you always have to ask with these things is "what is the alternative."
    3
  2935.  @Capri42PRG  the /42 can in theory penetrate any part of Bismarck out to about 20k yards assuming a 90 angle of impact. So at the ranges of the Bismark fight they would've achieved similar results to Rodney's guns
    3
  2936.  @Capri42PRG  depends if you mean 15"/42 or the planned 15"/45?
    3
  2937.  @sewing1243  5-6,000 yards, which in battleship terms is gun to the head range.
    3
  2938.  @69Applekrate  only seven entries, so I focussed on those who completely stuffed up an entire fleet, by comparison those who managed to get squadrons decimated end up being forced lower down.
    3
  2939. Given the nature of its damage it was probably a magnetic mine, but I'm currently trying looking for the full report from her sinking
    3
  2940. A few in the late 1700's / early 1800's really bought into the 'millitia solves everything' idea and thought the US coast (remember, very isolationist phase) could be defended by local militia's with rowboats fitted with a gun each and a few pressed-into-service merchantmen. It was this kind of attititude that led to the North African pirates managing to exact tribute from the USA for some years to stop them attacking American merchantmen, because the pirates rightly surmised there was nothing the USN could actually do to stop them. Well, at least until the situation and changes in politics managed to get the USN more than three dimes of funding and then all of a sudden it was 'Shores of Tripoli' time. :)
    3
  2941. I still prefer the idea of an SCP entry aboard 😀
    3
  2942. Jerzy Pertek, Wielkie dni małej floty
    3
  2943. The French also claimed no Germans would get their ships, whilst at the same time having just signed a treaty that explicitly gave Germany the majority of the French fleet.
    3
  2944. That's an actual German...
    3
  2945. One of the destroyers they'd left behind
    3
  2946.  @WorshipinIdols  the timing would indicate a distance of just over 10nm as the hit took place between 0905 to 0910. The specific accounts indicate the shell went through the face of the turret and then either impacted the rear plate and exploded partway through, or exploded right at that plate, but in either case this force was enough to blow the plate off the back of the turret, where it fell onto the deck a small distance back.
    3
  2947. It's the cover for a forward torpedo launcher :)
    3
  2948.  @jerrysmooth24  possibly genetic but also possibly several years worth of bareknuckle fighting in a quarry ashore in Portsmouth 😀
    3
  2949. Late next year :)
    3
  2950. Yep
    3
  2951. In robo-voice, but will redo in human at some point
    3
  2952. Sam Stewart Tirpitz special is probably a week or two away
    3
  2953. (Insert Luke Skywalker 'Amazing, everything you just said was wrong' meme here)
    3
  2954. Several English and Spanish sources specifically list the 40mm pom pom as part of her original armament.
    3
  2955. Hi, thanks for the comment. The main thing from my perspective is the role that the ship was designed for. the Invincible's were designed to replace the armoured cruiser, like the Dreadnought replaced pre-Dreadnoughts, the armoured cruisers mission was to kill enemy cruisers and in larger navies they had no place in the battleline, but some role in the fleet screen. That's the role the Invincible's were built for, which is similar to the Alaska's. The 'battle-line' role for the Invincibles was retroactively placed on them, but later ships were designed with the idea of taking on their own kind and some battle-line role, these I would argue are the true 'battlecruisers', with the term retro-fitted to the Invicibles for expedience. The comparison between heavy cruisers and armoured cruisers was not meant to imply one led to the other, but rather that the protected/armoured cruiser pairing mirrored the light/heavy cruiser pairing in roles in the two world wars. Hence the Invicibles growing out of the AC's is similar to the Alaska's growing out of CA's. Basically it's an argument that the Alaska's role is similar to the role the Invincibles were designed and initially named to do, as opposed to the role and designation they were later retro-fitted to. Hope that makes sense.
    3
  2956. Honestly, not really, it's all a bit of a surprise.
    3
  2957. Torpedo net booms (folded in)
    3
  2958. In the video description and at the end of the video :)
    3
  2959. There is, but there has to be something left for people to go see! :)
    3
  2960. Gotta leave something for people to discover! 😀
    3
  2961.  @paultrigger1819  I believe the first dreadnought battleship dunk was HMS Audacious, by mine. The first dreadnought sunk by underwater craft was SMS Viribus Unitis.
    3
  2962. They were launched before the attack to confirm US fleet presence, at fairly high risk of alerting the US
    3
  2963. I was trying to cover the more commonly used guns, the huge size of the basilisk limited it's use on ships to rare circumstances.
    3
  2964. That's part of the opening section of the next part of the series, whenever o complete that script :)
    3
  2965. It's basically what many of the English ships did in attacking the Armada up until the Battle of Gravelines, run at the Spanish from behind, fire bow guns, wheel, fire broadside, the rear guns, then other broadside, then fall back if they'd gotten too close.
    3
  2966. From roughly the 16th century onwards it's somewhat dependent on the type of ship and the type of gun. A minion on a galleon for example could easily be brought in for reloading, but if a small shallow draught Dutch ship has mounted a full on culverin, that thing probably isn't coming inboard. (to take two extreme examples). :)
    3
  2967. My mother is Bolivian, I'm well aware of what the Spanish did to the natives.
    3
  2968.  @Akm72  ah, that's a theoretical version of a Chinese treasure ship
    3
  2969.  @scottgiles7546  it takes a while for me to catch up with questions in the comments when doing the Drydock, although I may have answered that before, I can't recall 100%
    3
  2970. Matapan circa 1970
    3
  2971.  @tomandtinadixon  the main problem for more recently published books is getting print rights, much older works will be out of copyright
    3
  2972.  @annadalassena5460  it seems to be almost impossibly rare, but is occasionally referenced in various articles 😀
    3
  2973. It continues on the shelf to the left :D
    3
  2974. Basically a kamikaze goes out on mission with the explicit goal of crashing into an enemy ship. These pilots went out on normal missions but decoded when damaged to do one last extra bit for their country. This happened on both sides.
    3
  2975. That seems to go against a number of primary documents from testing range reports that indicate US officers observing them dismissed them as 'unnecessary'. A number of preserved WW2 specialist tanks are also labelled as having been built in US factories.
    3
  2976.  @ethanjacques-n9p-catch21luck7  I've already told you how I select questions for 2/3rds of the Drydock, it is not based on being in patreon, I don't have YouTube subscriptions turned on, it's purely questions I see on a Q&A thread that look interesting, new and can be at least somewhat answered within about 5 minutes. And of course time limits, I have to leave many interesting questions I'd like to answer behind because there simply isn't the time. If you choose to believe me or not is not something I can control.
    3
  2977. Indeed
    3
  2978. The IJN's idea was by emphasizing night-fighting training and specialist night-spotting equipment, they would be able to see the enemy (and thus launch torpedoes) beyond the ranges at which the enemy could see them, this was sort-of born out at 1st Savo Island, albeit that whilst the IJN saw the Allied formation well before the reverse, the range at which the spotting was done was not massively outside conventional torpedo range, although at the same time spotting a whole fleet is easier than a few cruisers.
    3
  2979. The viewers get what the viewers want. :) Ask and ye shall receive.
    3
  2980. The National Maritime Museum or Portsmouth Historic Dockyard would be the first ports of call IMO
    3
  2981. Renown had max belt of 9", compared to Hood's inclined 12", but in deck the Renown finished her career with better deck armour than Hood had when it was destroyed.
    3
  2982. As with most older British capital ships, the various refits over the inter-war period made it practically unique and completely different to it's 'as-built' condition :)
    3
  2983. It's something I plan to cover later this year :)
    3
  2984.  @na3044  a typical drydock is 5-6 questions from the 5 minute guide, a similar number from the Wednesday video, for a minimum of 40 mins, and whenever those questions run put after 40 mins the remaining time of the hour is Patreon questions
    3
  2985. J Finn she will still get a video, so never fear!
    3
  2986. Victorious strike on Bismarck took place in twilight weather so bad they had to use night flying procedures and flew back in the dark, the hit on Pola before Matapan was a night action, there are a lot of convoy and anti-U-Boat operations flows by Swordfish and night, plus several attempts that didn't find the enemy due to Intel errors but nonetheless launched, patrolled and recovered successfully, plus prewar exercises.
    3
  2987. Diego Salvati will do :)
    3
  2988. Will do
    3
  2989. She was modified in the 1860s with independent working of the paddle wheels as part of the refits for her cable laying role. Since use as blocks blockship would be at the end of her career, she would have this capability at the time.
    3
  2990. True, but there's the USA looking for a chance to declare war, which might've taken some time and become less likely to pass once Japan becomes an actual war target, and Hitler just declaring war and giving the USA every reason to send over the men, planes and ships etc.
    3
  2991.  @Taeschno_Flo  It would make the ship substantially larger and heavier, which would result in an all new ship design, whereas my proposals here would either keep the hull the same size or slightly smaller.
    3
  2992. I can only conclude you lack a working pair of ears in that case.
    3
  2993. Not only welcome it, it's something Winston would've greatly appreciated. :)
    3
  2994. When the IJN began to issue hand-portable pumps in the latter stages of the war, the numbers available were still fairly small, so industrial capacity was certainly an issue. The IJN did of course move crew between ships where they had to, but the movement was significantly more restricted than the relatively free flow of men on the Allied side of things.
    3
  2995. True, the flaw there was the three shaft system without adequate protection
    3
  2996. How about not jumping up and down over an obvious verbal typo?
    3
  2997. No hose nozzle would've saved Lexington from the FAE's that doomed it. What saved later ships was the lessons learned from that including CO2 charging the fuel lines. Thus, there was a procedural improvement. You can train everyone in DC, but if that training has flaws or weaknesses, it just means everyone is wrong in that part of the DC effort.
    3
  2998. For all their flaws, the Pensacolas at least stayed the right way up and were trusted to see front line service.
    3
  2999. Doesn't work 😀
    3
  3000. She did have increased elevation for her turrets in that battle, but she didn't have a range advantage over the Germans on paper. However, the Germans underestimated the range and fired salvos that landed short, meaning that in the opening engagement they believed themselves outraged as they then concluded Slavs was further away than it actually was.
    3
  3001. That's interesting to hear, were they more confident in the armour, the sheer size of these ship or the defences available to it and it's escorts?
    3
  3002. D K Brown in "Nelson to Vanguard" covers the designs towards the end of the book.
    3
  3003. On a small ship the superstructure contributes significantly more to draught proportionally. They also tend to have very large powerplants proportional to length. This usually means a relatively heavy superstructure somewhat forward, which limits space and weight forward of the centre of gravity.
    3
  3004. Such as?
    3
  3005. Yep, the lighter green is 'claimed' territory as opposed to recognised territory.
    3
  3006. I believe they are supporting long radio lines.
    3
  3007. Well, there's a verbal typo I'll have to fix.
    3
  3008. @stevevalley7835  true, although as I mentioned in the answer, there is what the RN thought it could build to meet its needs under the budget the Treasury was offering, and what they actually wanted but couldn't afford.
    3
  3009. One of the big ones for WW2 was the high pressure steam plants needed more care and maintenance, which meant USN ships engineering complements were considerably larger. Another part later in the war is AA choices, a pair of quad Bofors or four twin Bofors need a lot more crew than an actual pom pom for instance.
    3
  3010. True, but the title.question is what people usually ask about Force Z. The idea of the video as well as to relay the history is to answer the question. :)
    3
  3011.  @michaeldenesyk3195  he was indeed
    3
  3012. Which means the same thing :)
    3
  3013.  @bushyfromoz8834  it will come eventually
    3
  3014. Fixed :)
    3
  3015.  @glennricafrente58  it's an edited version of a photo of Vanguard with a KGV
    3
  3016. Howe and Vanguard I believe
    3
  3017.  @Niels_Larsen  the biggest Royal Fortune carried the same number of guns as a 5th rate frigate, although not of the same total weight of shot
    3
  3018.  @Fredrikgaard  I will get to it eventually. I want to go back to Sweden first:)
    3
  3019. Kronan and Mary Rose both went down after a sharp turn flooded the lower gunports, the Swedish ships magazines then caught fire whilst she was on her side. In the context of the Monmouths, turning would be a problem unless you sealed the lower casemate in heavy seas. :)
    3
  3020.  @saschawagner5167  the albacores were certainly capable, the Victorious' attack on Bismarck was already done in low light/night conditions. In the worst case scenario for the IJN they already have a bearing to search down due to the first two carriers calling for help. As for radar vs night training, the RN practice of the period accounted for both not all ships having radar and enemy training. The tactic was that the ship or ships with radar, eg Warspite, would lead, closing in with all ships training on the relayed target positions until the first signs of being spotted were detected, at which point everyone would light off their searchlights (also dazzling enemy crew), make final corrections to range and open fire. It gives the RN several minutes of surprise before the the enemy can physically respond, and with a relatively close range and being unmolested in that time, they can rapidly start scoring hits. As far as the ships being together, the R's were apart because they couldn't make themselves ready in time to sail with Force A, since the Two most extreme plausible scenarios are best/worst cases, it was assumed that these issues were either not encountered or overcome and they sailed with the rest of the fleet, although to be honest even Warspite and it's escorts could put down the IJN's CarDiv 2 whilst everyone else caught up.
    3
  3021. They've looked at much of what's left above water, but not the turrets (they fell off), most of the underwater hull (buried in mud) or much of the interior (too dangerous to explore)
    3
  3022.  @simonvalente2187  via a rather convulted set of migrations to South America 😀
    3
  3023. After, essentially a remote scuttling.
    3
  3024. Its more about the state of the iron, exposed to the sea after a certain amount of time it degrades a lot unless very specific conditions are met. It can still look mostly in the right shape but when you move it you find it's 90%+ loose layers of rust. Entire cannon that look like a good scrub will have them like new have fallen into dust the moment someone tried lifting them.
    3
  3025.  @andrewfanner2245  yes, eventually :)
    3
  3026. 1) This is a video on the Mk14, not WW2 torpedoes generally. 2) The issues are not overstated, everything said is backed up by public documents from the USN and BuOrd, if anything, the issues are understated as I didn't go into detail about the number of US submarines and crews lost due to failures of the Mk14, not how many other ships and crews were lost to IJN ships the would've been sunk early in the war, but weren't due to Mk14 failures.
    3
  3027.  @pegzounet  as compared to the carriers and battleships the subs were hoping to shoot at.
    3
  3028. It depended apparently entirely on the batch, some came out and performed well (ie batches where they knew they'd be under scrutiny), randomly picked batches after delivery, not so much :)
    3
  3029. It's on the list for this year :)
    3
  3030. It's deliberate :)
    3
  3031. I've never been to Buckingham Palace?
    3
  3032. Lots of hoops, it turns out almost all the Navy Yard is still off-limits to drones due to various important industries, the reserve fleet, the airport etc, there are two small patches where you can get a permit with enough hoop jumping though and this drydock (or at least 90% of it) happened to be one of them :D
    3
  3033. I've acted in accordance with their wishes on this matter :)
    3
  3034. I specifically mentioned I had to compress the lines on the British side due to lack of table...
    3
  3035. Nope, on a shelf in my house :)
    3
  3036. Simon Leichtmetall Yamato is this week :)
    3
  3037. maddox0110 yeah, most of the remaining radiation is alpha and beta contamination of surfaces. Which means that you have to be within touching distance for it to affect you, and by now only the deeper parts of the wrecks are still affected as there hasn't been as much water flow in them.
    3
  3038. Have a look at the latest video on the Texas, hopefully you'll approve of the change.
    3
  3039. She did serve as flagship there, but the context was in her overall 25/26 year career, about 5 years of that at the start was spent on one station and then that was it. Most other ships would have a variety of foreign postings in their life.
    3
  3040. It's part of pretty much every basic long range gunnery manual.
    3
  3041. @Geredis089  it's a really complex subject because in the aftermath of the French collapse there seemed to be a very strong will in large parts of the fleet to carry on fighting (if nothing else they already had the example of a number of other navies to follow). This seemed to quickly ebb on most ships for four main reasons, 1) Darlan went from fighting on to absolutely refusing to do so in several stages over the course of about 2 weeks, 2) A lot of French officers seemed unusually willing to follow orders from on high even if those orders were to stop fighting because the Germans had promised to leave them alone (despite the track record at that point of no treaty or agreement with the Germans being worth the paper it was written on), 3) The attack at Mers el Kebir changed a lot of minds to at minimum sitting it out if not making them actively hostile, 4) Even then Vichy had to scramble to rapidly relieve and replace a fair number of officers they suspected were waiting for a White Ensign to show up at their port for a chance to rejoin the fight. Eliminate any one of those, and I think a lot more French ships would've joined the Free French, for example Richelieu would probably have come over if the Vichy government didn't pack a replacement set of officers on a plane and fly them to Africa under orders to not delay no matter the weather.
    3
  3042. US national archives
    3
  3043. Definitely :)
    3
  3044. That is not consistent with the USN court martial records, which established that bearing checks had been taken, as I mentioned, but disregarded due to perceived inaccuracy, which included misinterpretation of the incoming data. Some following vessels were accurately following the radio beacons, again as I mentioned, but they were not the senior officers of the squadron and could only therefore save themselves and the ships in their section. Do you have a source for your statement that the lead vessel was following the radio beacons?
    3
  3045. Quite :)
    3
  3046. So every biography of Yamamoto is wrong?
    3
  3047. No, why?
    3
  3048. The main thing with the question asked is that with zero USN carriers present it means uncontested air superiority for the IJN, and from what I can tell the place is tiny and flat, with no cover except a few trees and the buildings. With several hundred aircraft at hand and an entire fleet available for impromptu HE fire support, I can't see the forces on the island holding out. Wake Island by contrast is significantly easier to defend. Most analysis of the landings assuming either a USN CV presence of if they lost the battle at least that they've inflicted damage, as opposed to the question asked which was assuming no USN carriers at all.
    3
  3049. No idea, it randomly happens at times for no reason
    3
  3050. I've covered a few in collab videos (playlist on the channel) and will cover more here.
    3
  3051. Damn it, I was pronouncing like the name of comedian Dara O'Brien. :(
    3
  3052. Yes, broken down and packed away like an Ikea kit.
    3
  3053. I've used both in the past, but period film of USN officers has them using the 'American' version.
    3
  3054. Actually not bad at all
    3
  3055. To be fair I was assessed with a reading age 13+ at age 5, so my idea of what's readable at certain ages might be very skewed. 😀
    3
  3056. Well, if they can present evidence that Rodney didn't knock-out Bruno turret, temporarily cripple Anton and wipe out Bismarck primary FCS and bridge before KGV got a hit in, they're welcome to do so :D
    3
  3057.  @johnvaleanbaily246  I think Dr Scholes meant to say about 2000yards, not feet :)
    3
  3058. I'm going to change that to 'IJN', the HIJMS stands for His Imperial Japanese Majesty's Ship, which was my attempt to ensure all the ships had a prefix that allowed you to tell nationality at a glance.
    3
  3059. I tried to ensure I was clear this was about a fleet carrier in a battle line. At Samar US CVE's did indeed try to shoot back with their 5". :)
    3
  3060. I covered them in a segment in one of the Drydock episodes, each episode has a list of subjects covered in the description :)
    3
  3061. There were supply issues as well, but when they had the chance to complete the Normandies or get moving on the Lyon's or a successor, they decided to scrap everything except Bearn. In the later 1920's they'd scrap even more ships they technically didn't have to, leaving them well under their allocated tonnage.
    3
  3062.  @Vagabond820  episode 122 at the end
    3
  3063.  @tomasinacovell4293  is depends on who is making them and when, but one method was to use a blast furnace to heat the shell head before spraying it at high pressure with ice cold water similar to making face hardened armour.
    3
  3064. The tip is incredibly hard, the rest of the body is weaker and more likely to fail first if it doesn't hit something like face hardened armour.
    3
  3065. There's a fixed version linked in the pinned post :)
    3
  3066. The YT description box runs out of characters, the timestamps continue in the pinned post :)
    3
  3067. To a degree, the difference being that noone expected a Flower class to fight anything than subs and the odd patrol aircraft. 3rd class cruisers theoretical should and sometimes did end up facing down full on warships
    3
  3068. Absolutists aren't interested in academic discussion
    3
  3069. Generally speaking a ship being scuttled is already a loss, the scuttling simply determines the manner of the loss in a more immediate fashion. For example, Akagi and Kaga were both scuttled by IJN torpedo, but most people agree they were sunk by the US Dauntless dive bombers.
    3
  3070. No, accurate. Yorktown needed 3 months of repairs. She got a few days and was sent back out, however, the damage to her engines, which was the main long-duration repair item, was not completed. This meant her speed was significantly reduced from her maximum, which may have contributed to her subsequent loss.
    3
  3071. Well, the ship was made serviceable, not everything was fully repaired. :)
    3
  3072. The full deck of planes was mainly a for-show thing and to clear space in the hanger for other duties. Carrier aircraft of the time could normally take-off using about half the deck length, so a combat operation deck park usually involved everything to the read of the island being full of planes whilst the island and beyond length was used for take-off.
    3
  3073. It's called 'The Last Warrior'
    3
  3074.  @philipjooste9075  Langley falls into the same category as HMS Hermes, first fleet carrier for their navies, probably had no business anywhere near a combat zone by the time of their sinking.
    3
  3075. Canberra is on the list :)
    3
  3076. I try to go with the most commonly expressed calibre in documentation. For UK/US ships its Imperial. Smaller Axis ships tend to get metric. Bigger axis ships are often in inches for some reason.
    3
  3077. 20,000tons :)
    3
  3078. The impact sheared off a section of the Nassau's armour plate, which landed on Spitfire.
    3
  3079. Well, they kinda tried that and got USS Galena
    3
  3080. No, they could not.
    3
  3081. Well, since she started as a WW2 vessel, covering her post 1950 career is within the channel limits. :)
    3
  3082. By all rights a single pre-dreadnought should've been a walkover for two full dreadnoughts. That Slava managed what she did, even though she was ultimately lost, is both a mark in favour of the Imperial Russian Navy and against the HSF
    3
  3083. It keeps me in popcorn :D
    3
  3084. You mean I'm British :D ?
    3
  3085. It's an H-41 interpretation with an option for a non-historical weapon loadout.
    3
  3086. Check the list in the description, due later this year :)
    3
  3087. Any ship is up for grabs, it's just a long list :)
    3
  3088. Physically possible, but too much of a giveaway since the idea was to bait the Germans out in full force so they could be crushed. Too obvious a trap and the Germans wouldn't come out.
    3
  3089. I literally said the campaign was an utter disaster tactically for the KM.
    3
  3090. I don't think I've done 10 British vs German videos, so jog on mate.
    3
  3091. A very cooperative crew 😀
    3
  3092. I must admit I somewhat cheated and found a local Finn as I had no idea where to start with the Finnish names :)
    3
  3093. Yep, she's on the list. 'Pakenham' was quite annoyed when both Renown's went after Derflinger, it was pretty much responsible for the eventual loss of Lion. Fun fact: you'll notice how Derflinger kinda vanishes out of the narrative once the main fleet action is joined? After the fact we realised the Flanders half of the 2nd Scouting Group had been entirely forgotten after they were ordered to help it, and the battle had drifted north whilst Iron Dog drifted south. As we hadn't officially determined it's fate, its actually up to the listener to decide for themselves if it went down or if the Flanders flotilla managed to keep it afloat long enough for it to be found and taken to port (German or British)
    3
  3094. Unfortunately no matter what way we gamed it the only scenario where the HSF could inflict proportional losses on the 1918 Grand Fleet was a direct kamikaze rush as soon as battlenwas joined. The numbers disparity was just too great. With regards to Bayern and Baden, if they are part of the HSF main fleet in 1916 they don't make difference as they just get pulled back with the rest of the fleet with Scheer, hebwasnt expecting to meet the Grand Fleet and two ships aren't likely to make him change tactics. The one place they might make a difference is if they were put at the front of the HSF so they get to hit the QE's as they turn back. Might sink one or two instead of damaging them of they get a bit lucky.
    3
  3095. Maybe an audio-book :)
    3
  3096. The signals officer Bratty brought with him everywhere. Brought along because of his social connections, not because of competence. He didn't even have proper signals training.
    3
  3097. Basically the U-Boats and most subs were just too slow to keep up with fleets moving at 20+ knots. The only reason the K-class got a look in was because they were specifically designed to keep up with the fleet, at the expense of almost everything else you need to make a decent sub.
    3
  3098. Yes, one of the K's was a bit out of line and paid the price
    3
  3099. The whole area was part of the Russian Empire at the time.
    3
  3100.  @WALTERBROADDUS  perhaps, it would be a little old by then though
    3
  3101. As the Essex class at built in the 1940s I can cover it :)
    3
  3102. We will try to get there for opening and stay until closing.
    3
  3103.  @Uncommoner  They seem to mostly have worked fine, the issue being that to ruin the guns via heat would've needed a much hotter fire and/or a much longer time due to the sheer thermal mass of the guns.
    3
  3104. HMS Victory is older and still in commission :)
    3
  3105. Yep :)
    3
  3106. And as for ammo, they still had enough to help scuttle the ship, but they'd used well over half their main battery ammo between raiding and the battle, Langsdorff apparently believed that even trying to just fight past the British might exhaust his remaining ammo, which would leave them helpless if they ran into anything on the way home.
    3
  3107. Diego Salvati will do
    3
  3108. Check the video description :)
    3
  3109. It's something I need to cover in a video at some point, but in short it was a combination of the Japanese having understood the USN's radar defenses enough to identify small weaknesses that an elite pilot could exploit. It seems the very small number of pilots who'd survived the entire war would get assigned these small scale strikes that relied on infiltration as opposed to massed strength.
    3
  3110. Eventually :)
    3
  3111.  @vanceshaw3675  between the wars the 15" got new shells which could fly further, along with newer ships and refits getting greater elevation to the guns, which also allowed longer range. Ships that hadn't got increased elevation by WW2 tended to get 'super charges' to increase their range. On HmS Vanguard they combined all the above to boost the range still further. As such, the effective range of the 15" varied but was generally less limited by the physical range of the gun and more by the distance at which the rangefinder and fire control systems could get an accurate firing solution.
    3
  3112. They also forced the last minute redesign of the Iowa's armament through refusing to communicate properly with the rest of the Navy, that almost cost the USN the Iowa's. There's a few others I could list but when it comes to BuOrd the two main things that stand out aren't the number of screw-ups, it's the catastrophic nature of the major ones combined with a near-pathological inability to admit they were wrong, to the point of actively compromising the USN's ability to fight in the middle of a war. That to me takes them a step beyond most organizations.
    3
  3113.  @JoramTriesGaming  huh, must've cross wires on the into section :(
    3
  3114. There were a number of cases where 5.25 inch turrets were earmarked for two different ships, and as result others produced without an immediately assigned ship.
    3
  3115. Fixed 😂
    3
  3116.  @davegoodridge8352  There would be one gun crew for each pair of guns (one on each side), for a heavy gun this would be c.12-14 men (some variation depending on gun and navy). Usually they would all fight one gun on the ships engaged side. However, all roles were at least doubled so if the ship was engaged on both sides they could split and fight both broadsides at the same time. The caveat of course is that the full crew could keep fighting their gun even if they had significant casualties, whereas if they have to fight both sides at once relatively minimal casualties will prevent some gun crews operating their guns.
    3
  3117. She was actually both, built as a brig and later re-reigged :)
    3
  3118. There was an exchange of gunfire between part of each fleet, hence a battle, and in the aftermath both sides hung around for several days making vague moves and trying again, hence a tactical draw. However, that's the battle itself, on a strategic level it was a British disaster than arguably cost them the war, but from the French perspective the French fleet didn't take any prizes or capture any territory for France, it just got a bit shot up.
    3
  3119. It's part of the UK government artwork collection, depicting the Dardenelles expedition: https://artcollection.culture.gov.uk/artwork/757/
    3
  3120. The Dutch didn't manage to bankrupt themselves and cause.the complete breakdown of their government by doing so 😀
    3
  3121. You could use Battleship, then you'd have to use Dreadnought Battleship as well
    3
  3122. @@solarwarden1894 Hilfskreuzer, German WW2 merchant raiders
    3
  3123. Yep, my bad!
    3
  3124. They're on the list. :)
    3
  3125. Eventually, there's a long list :)
    3
  3126. Yeah, the problem with the Flower class isn't being faster than the U-Boats, its being fast enough to catch up to the convoy in good time. Free them from the convoys though...
    3
  3127. The guided weapons only came about later in the war, but the launch platforms were still big vulnerable twin engine bombers.
    3
  3128. It is a pun :)
    3
  3129. True.
    3
  3130. Catapult launch charges and primer for the main charges
    3
  3131. Battleships were certainly losing their utility as the war went on, but as part of an overall integrated fleet I'd say there were still a number of things they could do that a carrier could not that were very useful, up until carriers started to get all weather capability. And as I said in the video, I actually agree any battleship laid down after '39 would've been better served with a carrier taking its place in the yards.
    3
  3132. I do my best based on my limited knowledge of German.
    3
  3133. A fair point.
    3
  3134. It's the mouth of the River Forth :)
    3
  3135. If the KM had Gato's instead of Type VII, I suspect they would've done somewhat better :D
    3
  3136.  @awildmarshmallow3558  Depends how strong the EMP is, but most man made EMP's would be unlikely to have much effect, certainly nothing that couldn't be easily fixed.
    3
  3137. American intel had quite thoroughly broken most IJN codes, and IJN air quality had been going down significantly. Between that and recon, it would've been a better bet to commit against the Centre Force, it was a miracle they didn't wreck the landings as it was, and there was little chance of loosing aircraft against the surface IJN forces, so fighters could've been kept back just in case of any hypothetical IJN carrier strikes.
    3
  3138. Could be any number of things, transmitted shock, spalling, pressure shift etc.
    3
  3139. Various lightweight items caught in the gun blast shockwave.
    3
  3140. He lives at the end of the videos :)
    3
  3141. The Kongo class are somewhat down the list... unless I transferred them to the Wednesday specials...
    3
  3142. @Fluesterwitz sort of, the significant beam was supposed to be the main supplier of displacement. The bulges helped a bit, but that was largely incidental to the torpedo protection. If draught was the only thing involved they could simply have made the ship itself even wider.
    3
  3143.  @jony663  Congress would only provide minimal funding during the period. The USN was trying to build up a fleet at half or less the rate of battleship construction and almost no destroyer or cruiser development due to lack of cash.
    3
  3144. It's a small acknowledgement of the channels beginnings :)
    3
  3145. Moving house, was lugging boxes
    3
  3146. This is true
    3
  3147. Oh yes they were definitely building up, my point was they weren't engaged in WW2 directly so they weren't taking anything like the losses or under the pressures of the FAA, which meant they had the time and resources to innovate and advanced more rapidly.
    3
  3148.  @chanman819  currently doing 1 video per month from the US, and will be adding in a video from Canada come spring
    3
  3149. I planned to do an episode live aboard the latter when I went to the USA :(
    3
  3150. Yep :)
    3
  3151. I think there's a slight track desync in the early part
    3
  3152. Sadly, the late Eaglemoss were the makers 😞
    3
  3153. It's what was anticipated in early 1939
    3
  3154. More live visits to museum ships, better graphics/audio effects for specials :)
    3
  3155. The US/UK thing from the War of 1812 is incorrect I'm afraid, the actual orders were for RN 18lb frigates to abstain from 1v1 action with American 24lb frigates, IE Constitution, President and United States. Everything else was fair game, a lone British third or first rate would happily engage a US frigate of any size. While some frigates did manage to beat ships of the line, it pretty much always required an exceptional frigate captain, a not so brilliant ship of the line captain, and some environmental conditions for good measure. Indefatigable and Amazon vs Droits de l'Homme being a good example. Far more common in frigate vs SoL matches were frigates being taken or destroyed in short order, or else running for the hills.
    3
  3156. With radar the Brooklyn certainly moves up into strong contention, but as the question was pre-war and at that point nobody had FCS radar, it couldn't factor in. They'd be well in the running for best wartime cruiser though.
    3
  3157. Good thing there is none of that here then
    3
  3158. Do you have an official source for USN designations? I found many second/third-hand references, but couldn't track down any official USN document, so I ended up going with the most common listing, although it was only by about 60:40 split. :)
    3
  3159. Hardly
    3
  3160. Apparently a saying back then, presumably so it wouldn't burn 😃
    3
  3161. For some I am awaiting word on how they would like to be credited :)
    3
  3162. It likely depends on if it's before or after 3rd BCS goes to Scapa, you'll see in part 2 how devastating even an Invincible can be with a good gun crew.
    3
  3163. Most were landed wherever the court that dealt with the ship was, many chose to settle in Sierra Leone and the surrounding area as it was well protected from being reinslaved
    3
  3164. Not quite what I was getting at. What I meant was that if they were built when ordered, they probably would've come into service around the same time the British were sending the bulk of the British Pacific Fleet eastwards to the Pacific operational area as opposed to normal US practice sending their ships through the Panama Canal westwards, which the Montana's wouldn't have been able to do. Hence, the first Montana's would've had to heard east and probably would have met up with the BPF, so it's not so much about escort as it is about going in the same direction at the same time, so might as well go together.
    3
  3165. The Iowa's deviated from the US preference to have an extensive immune zone against your own armament, and given that at the time they suspected Yamato might be roughly similar to Iowa, they wanted something superior. :)
    3
  3166. Not yet :)
    3
  3167. https://youtu.be/QnQ5Z2pJi8s
    3
  3168. Poor build quality :D
    3
  3169. Right underneath yes, but the further you go the more water us between the ship and the explosion
    3
  3170. Well, they were building 6, so you could have two carriers and up to 4 battlecruisers :)
    3
  3171. I mean, with a red hot glow I could imagine the expansion causing the whole train to slow or snag briefly, and at that temperature the charge might initiate before making it all the way in.
    3
  3172. He did, that's why a lot of the ships of his period as first sea lord share names with Nelsons ships
    3
  3173.  @hawkerhellfire9152  at which stopover? In the river delta or just before the war started?
    3
  3174.  @mario387mario6  sorry, should be in there now
    3
  3175. Doesn't stop some of them from trying 😀
    3
  3176.  @slartybartfarst55  https://youtu.be/58lfaMFUQc0
    3
  3177. It's the Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy Theme tune in honouring being episode 42 :)
    3
  3178. Glad you like it!
    3
  3179. Can do :)
    3
  3180.  @chrissouthgate4554  drop me a PM on there :)
    3
  3181. When I feel I can add something more to what others have done, they're pretty well covered topics :)
    3
  3182. Is this a general observation or a direct response to one of the questions? :)
    3
  3183.  @notme193  you wouldn't believe some of the people I've had to block. A small number, but I imagine it's them.
    3
  3184.  @lalucre1803  secondary and local fore control allowed engagements of multiple targets at short range where their lesser long range accuracy wasn't an issue
    3
  3185. Yeah sounds like I got my seas mixed at some point. With regards to the smaller ship, I suspect that's why the smaller guns were added :)
    3
  3186. Quite a bit. Eventually found an excellent article in one of the yearly "Warship" publications which fortunately had a number of plans and table I could use to supplement the scarce other material in other books and in odd online articles.
    3
  3187. GrandTheftGaming probably got blown off by the blast a few times :p
    3
  3188. Yep, the next time I do an episode on this we kick off with HMS Monarch vs HMS Captain :)
    3
  3189. Let's just say I hope you aren't disappointed with next Wednesday
    3
  3190.  @spikespa5208  a lot of underwater tubes extended a metal spar to either shield the torpedo or support it upon launch until it could clear the ship, at least on ships capable of reasonable speed. :)
    3
  3191. Yes, the stores I was referring to were lightweight things like cleaning and firefighting supplies, dishes etc for the messes, that kind of thing.
    3
  3192.  @karldubhe8619  in times of peace, sure, hence why I suggested it would be built in the 1910's :)
    3
  3193. I think largely because most of the time (although not in the case of the Mackensens) the guns were repeats of previously used guns, so there was much less R&D involved at the start of the process and production could start ASAP
    3
  3194. Couldn't be British otherwise :p
    3
  3195. I can put tactics into a special video.
    3
  3196. As the others have said, the Zero was very capable, but sacrificed a lot to get that ability, which left it lacking as other otherwise contemporary aircraft advanced and tactics were adapted. The reason I say it has some biplane holdovers is because many of the things it lacked were also lacking in many previous biplane fighters but were largely standard on period monoplane fighters.
    3
  3197. Definitely keeping it for all future battle reports where time stamp data is available.
    3
  3198. I think the individual guns are cheaper, in part because of higher success rates, but how that works with the costs of the extra equipment etc, I'm not sure
    3
  3199. Health and Safety had yet to be invented 😀 I mean, the guy pouring the steel has a flat cap and 'lean back on the ladder when the sparks rain's his protection 😉
    3
  3200. Personally I blame watching Star Trek and Stargate a lot in my youth 😀
    3
  3201. As I said, I don't set the price, I just volunteer my services and the museum or ship in question decide what they want to charge for it. But I will be doing a limited ticket raffle soon.
    3
  3202. No problem, I am working with a friend to try and get my Japanese up to spec.
    3
  3203.  @Scribbles_proud  That would be great! :)
    3
  3204. First thing next month :)
    3
  3205. Yorkshire/Lincolnshire area specifically 😎
    3
  3206. Good points, I'll try to add more info in future
    3
  3207.  @EB_110  with Prince of Wales, again the amidship hits did relatively little damage, the main blow being the hit on the stern that caused a propeller shaft to open a flood path into the engine rooms.
    3
  3208. It is on the list :)
    3
  3209. It was a gold chrysanthemum, an emblem of the Japanese Emperor, basically imagine if the USA put an engraved Eagle on the bows of it's battleships, or the British put a Lion etc.
    3
  3210. Edsall will indeed get her own video, her story is way to exciting to be a bit part in another ships five minutes of fame.
    3
  3211. It depends on how you rate Littorios 'scrapping' setup, if it works, it's armour is superior, if it doesn't, Bismark's is better.
    3
  3212. Back in those days the red, blue and white ensigns were all RN flags for different formations or parts of Fleets:)
    3
  3213. A near miss by a bomb or a large shell can send large splinters of metal into the ship at very high speed. That and the blast itself, if close enough, can kill, especially in the unarmoured parts of the ship.
    3
  3214.  @connannbarbarin3033  Done :)
    3
  3215.  @1982nsu  that would be from memory either ghe video on Santa Cruz or Eastern Solomons. And I may also have used it in a drydock. I'll also have the original files somewhere on my.pc
    3
  3216. Possibly they had spent some time in South West Pacific subs, which were based in Australia.
    3
  3217. I think that's your imagination
    3
  3218. I was citing from the action report summary. Bit you are correct Pompano has 6 tubes total, not forward, so assuming their launched 6 torpedoes it was either two quick reloads or they swung around.m and either way the someone summarising the report made a transcription error. :)
    3
  3219. I don't think anyone with an engineering mindset ever accepted that theory, there just isn't enough explosive in a UP mount system to get anywhere much, and they weren't mounted anywhere with an explosive LOS to anything important. :)
    3
  3220. I know the Hydra's are down for a video at some point.
    3
  3221.  @nicokern7615  You'll see later this month :)
    3
  3222.  @arohk1579  I'll see what I can find, there is also a government form where you can't request a relatives service record (for this period of history) if you are the closest living relative, otherwise you'll need said relatives signature, but either way that's a good route to go down.
    3
  3223. I've been trying to contact them to arrange a visit but no luck so far :(
    3
  3224. There is of course a huge difference between a disagreement on how gears could be (mis)used as you pointed out vs those who denied they existed at all. 😀 And whilst Belfast herself uses her turbines themselves to reverse, some ships with geared turbine, particularly some of the smaller ones, did have reverse gears instead of reversing turbines of reversing elements in their main turbines :)
    3
  3225. They were all shipped ages ago. We had one returned as incorrect address but the email associated with the purchase didn't respond. Drop me an email with your purchase info and I'll look into it :)
    3
  3226. There was some weird feedback in the audio when I recorded this one and it needed several iterations of noise scrubbing to get rid of, probably degraded the rest of the audio a bit as well.
    3
  3227. It has it's own video :)
    3
  3228. For the moment, still not out of the woods yet.
    3
  3229. 1/350 scale :)
    3
  3230. But that would be sane!
    3
  3231. She is know to have exchanged fire with an IJN cruiser.
    3
  3232. They definitely changed it after Jutland, it will be covered in an upcoming video.
    3
  3233. That's the point, US intel had some things wrong.
    3
  3234. The underground storage facilities weren't in full commission and use by the time of the attack. :)
    3
  3235. They would usually shelter inside the main superstructure, albeit this turned out to be a less than brilliant plan in many cases.
    3
  3236. Just over 5k nm, albeit remember they rarely would be going in a straight line :)
    3
  3237. Yep, the razee's had great sailing qualities due to having the masts, yards and sail area of a ship of the line, but only pushing a (very strong) frigate hull :)
    3
  3238.  @Spinobreaker  definitely will be
    3
  3239.  @TIMO-in8lz  eventually :)
    3
  3240. Later today
    3
  3241.  @Mahros1  they would've been much more badly shot up on the approach, and the RN may well have had to discipline to close the ranks and force a close range cannonade. Even at worst if the line is broken, the vanguard would likely have wheeled back much sooner. Getting into a knife fight fleet action in the age of sail was not something you wanted to to if you were facing the RN.
    3
  3242. Old school English way of writing s 😀
    3
  3243. Indeed it is
    3
  3244. That's the thing, most of the testing was done with a very large air gap, the tests with the final scheme was one set of tests with the 12.6" shell as mentioned
    3
  3245. At least he had the deceny to take the brunt of his failure.
    3
  3246. Four, going the opposite way 😀
    3
  3247. Having used replica scutum, I can ashore you noone is holding one out at any distance for long 😀
    3
  3248. Another individual of culture :)
    3
  3249. You have some very strange ideas about what is said in this video compared to the wiki article.
    3
  3250.  @haroldzappia9720  1935 designed weapons only I'm afraid.
    3
  3251. Additionally, almost all their really long range missions were flown in support of multiseat attack aircraft which were better planed to navigate.
    3
  3252. True, but sold out of service after WW2 and only brought back as an accommodation vessel, not an active service ship.
    3
  3253. I can't use the original, but I will be making a poll at the end of the month on the options I have available.
    3
  3254. See the latest community post :)
    3
  3255. It's a good period map of the USA 😀
    3
  3256. No idea
    3
  3257. Yes, minor mispronunciation on my part.
    3
  3258. I can pass along the suggestion for a lower amount option :)
    3
  3259. A whale boat is a type of ships boat (cutters, barges, launches etc). The bomb likely hit something like the boats engine block or sternpost, which initiated the fuse.
    3
  3260. I'm using bulk cargo as in 'cargo transported in large amounts/numbers' as opposed to ships designed to carry smaller amounts of extremely valuable cargo like gold or single large piece items like machinery. Most of the revenue from mixed use ships tends to be from the cargo, even when passengers are along.
    3
  3261. The physical hull itself was scrapped in the '50's, but the ship itself was decommissioned, stripped and scrapped from service after Hitler's orders.
    3
  3262. Friedman's book on US Aircraft carriers, page 114, attributed to him as an Admiral in 1938 letters to the War Department. :)
    3
  3263. Updated list next week :)
    3
  3264.  @AndrewPhillips-m1z  tommorow
    3
  3265. It's the main maintainence dock, the outer wall is a similar reflectivity to the ships and there is a ship inside, the upper parts and guns of which appear over the top in this perspective, which in turn gives the impression of a 1,000ft+ battleship :)
    3
  3266. There was also an opportunity for the larger colonies to represent themselves at the Treaty negotiations, but they didn't, and it was fairly clear that future developments might see them fully independent (which ended up happening in the 1930s)
    3
  3267. Can do, although would have to be a special
    3
  3268. In a month or two when it's appropriate :)
    3
  3269. Always worth putting on the list :)
    3
  3270. Georg Kellersmann sure thing :)
    3
  3271. With regards to battleships, I would generally agree with you with regards to Vanguard with the exception of armament, its guns were good but Iowa's were objectively superior. The only other thing would be that with the way things worked out Vanguard is on some ways an immediately post-war ship addressing all the lessons learned, whereas Iowa actually served in the war which means it can only reflect the lessons of the early and mid war.
    3
  3272. The roof of the hanger is the flight deck as well (at least on single hangar carriers), so an armoured flight deck in theory protects everything underneath. And armoured hangar deck protects the machinery, magazines etc, but implies the flight deck is not armoured, so even HE bombs can thus enter the hangar and explode in amongst the aircraft and ammo waiting there. It also means an AP bomb whose fuse is initiated by hitting solid steel and which manages to get through the deck armour will usually explode higher on a carrier with flight deck armour, and lower on a carrier with hangar deck armour, which places it closer to the machinery and/or magazines and/or waterline.
    3
  3273. I've no idea why I did that, it says 'John' in all my scripts :(
    3
  3274. Uh, Bowditch was only 3 years old when John Harrison died. He lunar tables were in no way contemporary with Harrison's clocks.
    3
  3275. It's one of the things reported about the voyage, but unsubstantiated, in large part because no-one aboard survived to verify or deny the story.
    3
  3276. I refer to him as John in all but one section of the video, the thumbnail was made in error and has been corrected.
    3
  3277. Yep, well under 3 seconds
    3
  3278. From my experience one of the most notable differences is hard and soft tones on z and s. In Bolivia zapatos for example sharp short intonation for the first and last letter. When I went to Spain they were pronounced with thick 'th' instead. Which to my ear sounded like someone was trying to say the word after being both drunk and punched in the mouth 😀
    3
  3279. The details of convoys having a military and merchant ship commander were pretty public, as a result of having to tell all the merchant ships what they were supposed to do.
    3
  3280. Well, absinthe was popular around this time...
    3
  3281. Where one exists, I use that, where one doesn't exist, I use one that's been used by scholars before to allow for ease of search and classification at a glance.
    3
  3282. Hood was given state of the art FCS in 1919, and then basically almost completely unupgraded. PoW on the other hand was carrying the latest FCS.
    3
  3283. Yes, (a submarine laid mine), although at the time it wasn't clear if it had been as mine or a torpedo
    3
  3284. We found at least one of them, eventually :)
    3
  3285. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    3
  3286. Sure thing bro 😀
    3
  3287. La batalla de Cartagena de Indias y la Armada Inglesa están en mi lista de temas de los que hablaré en los próximos uno o dos años. Si quieres una historia de increíble valentía de los españoles en la Era de la Vela, mira mi vídeo sobre la travesía del barco Glorioso.
    3
  3288.  @jetdriver  the ships all cleared 24 knots on trials, none ever quite.managed 25 knots except perhaps at Jutland, but this was their design speed. At which point the small tube boilers would only need to make up about 3.5 knots to hit 28. As for why this didn't happen in the 1930's refits, the ships had signifcant additions made in terms of more armour, revised weapons systems, the new superstructure etc. They also had their power plants replaced with modern ones that were much smaller to make space for new magazines etc. So with more weight and less space the new engines were able to maintain their speed. If they'd done a like for like PowerPoint replacement in terms of square foot area in the 1930's the ships would've probably easily passed 28 knots.
    3
  3289.  @l7986  it's coming on the next couple of months.
    3
  3290. Kumano and Suzuya, the other two Mogamis, were at Samar. :)
    3
  3291. As I think I explained, the issue was as you indiciate the fuses not working past certain angles due to being of a slightly older design that worked fine at short range, shallow angle engagements. From what I've read, the sudden stop in trade on fuses with Krupp was also part of the problem as in the early 1900's they were thought to make the best fuses so the RN bought them, only to be cut off during the rise in tensions, leaving the British designers playing catchup. Jellicoe seems to have realised the issue but was unable to complete development of a fuse capable of working at wider angles of impact before he was promoted to another role.
    3
  3292.  @pekkamakela2566  it does because if the aircraft is, say, 4 seconds shell flight away at the time of setting, if you delay firing too long it will close to, say, 2 seconds away and your shell will go long.
    3
  3293.  @lloydknighten5071  Not really, otherwise I'd hate half the German battle-cruisers as well, but generally I quite like them. Bismarck offends me as an engineer for inefficient design, amplified by the near-worship some people seem to give it.
    3
  3294.  @niclasjohansson4333  and what assessment do you base that on?
    3
  3295. It's a good idea right up until you start taking damage. 😀
    3
  3296. As long as the ship remains unbreached, tumblehomes quickly become unstable when flooding occurs
    3
  3297.  @SkywalkerWroc  there are some linked in the video description :)
    3
  3298.  @jameshanlon5689  yes, the focus was on average fleet carrier air groups in the major battles.
    3
  3299. Scouting-assigned Dauntless' did this, but the USN doctrine for the actual anti-shipping strikes called for 1,000lb weapons :)
    3
  3300. That was in an earlier drydock in the month :)
    3
  3301. In theory the flash doors should open as the hoist reaches them, they should not be open when the charges are at the start of the hoist system. :)
    3
  3302. Basically I wanted to cover Trafalgar on Victory. Then covid happened. During that time I decided to amp thing up a bit, hence why Part 3 ended up only covering the campaign. There's even more to come for the actual battle.
    3
  3303. Yes
    3
  3304. It's more the rank, signalman on a battleship is less prestigious than first officer of a destroyer. And captain of destroyer is easier attain than BB command.
    3
  3305.  @federicovago8884  they thought about it in WW1, but in tests it turned out ships were relatively easy to make gas-proof and in any case would sail out of any gas cloud in short order, and since they weren't explosive a gas she'll could be easily chucked overboard by properly attired crew.
    3
  3306. Thats being kept for a more special video :)
    3
  3307. Where was this mentioned?
    3
  3308. He clearly suffered from insufficient gold :)
    3
  3309. That would be impressive for an aircraft with a maximum clean speed of 275mph...
    3
  3310.  @MakeMeThinkAgain  well, they put a number of them down right at the start, but the USN managed to bring a bunch of them back again 😁
    3
  3311. As mentioned in the video, there were 11 old BB's available, Deyo was told basically to pick 6, but o couldn't find any information on which ones he had chosen, so I went with some standard pictures of the Standard battleline (heh) to give the idea of what ships we are talking about.
    3
  3312. Generally it's worked out by calculating the volume of these compartments reported as flooded.
    3
  3313. Two World Wars (in both of which Britain pays most of its money to the USA) :D
    3
  3314. Unfortunately the 1929 exercises seem to have survived only in Admiralty summary. The 1938 exercises have far more reports from individual ships :)
    3
  3315. Done :)
    3
  3316. It's not impregnable, but the terrain allows for huge defensive multipliers, hence why most armies tend to avoid the area. Air power, indirect artillery and amphibious vehicles lessen this but don't eliminate it.
    3
  3317. Is that a group?
    3
  3318. I wrote them in that order, but rearranged them into timeline order 😀
    3
  3319. With the 15"/42 the point with the super-charges was that they extended the range considerably, using standard charges the 15"/42 only just reached out to ranges where deck hits become a thing. Using super-charges, you could comfortably shoot out to a range where a deck strike was more likely than a belt hit.
    3
  3320. Yep, it's been added to the list :)
    3
  3321. Yes
    3
  3322. I assumed the question excluded other powers from getting involved. If the RN joins in, the balance of power is decisively swung in the French direction.
    3
  3323. Pretty much all the WW1 era big ships went into reserve or scrap soon after the Second World War. The longest service would've been Goeben, but there isn't any indication she ever got missile launchers.
    3
  3324. That was due to the fact that the Littorios commissioned in an operational state. Whilst Richelieu technically completed shortly afterwards, there were so many problems including the main battery, that realistically it wouldn't be truly operational for a good while afterwards.
    3
  3325. There's harsh captains, and then there's having your own crew petition to have you removed. Jones was a rock-hard leader in battle, but by all accounts he was a bad captain of men even by the standards of the period.
    3
  3326. Normally I don't tend to bring in personality quirks unless they have a major effect on operations, but Jones suffered so many petitions, desertions, disobedience from other ships and of course being shot at by his own side it's impossible to recount those without providing the explanation for why they happened.
    3
  3327. In peacetime this occurred but in wartime you can't leave so valuable a theatre, hence a number of actions fought there during those months.
    3
  3328.  @macbeth2354  intended :)
    3
  3329. Yes it does :)
    3
  3330. The pinned post in the comments has the other half of the time stamps :)
    3
  3331. Indeed, when it comes to letting water in, all of a sudden poking a hole as deep as possible becomes the sole overriding concern, since as you point out it's the water that does a lot of the damage.
    3
  3332. Fiveminuteguides@gmail.com
    3
  3333. What the Fremch defined as a ship of the 2nd rank varied over time. The smaller Ocean sub variants were three deck first rates when built but were considered second rates by the 1840's
    3
  3334.  @craighagenbruch3800  at some point in the 19th century as combat became more distant and violent destruction became more common. It's very easy to watch an ironclad sink a few miles away when you've been through explosions and siblings and mass casualties for days. It's much harder to ignore 700+ lives ending in the single largest explosion you've ever seen when it's a couple of hundred yards away and completely unlike any naval combat you've been part of before.
    3
  3335. Start of June :)
    3
  3336. A tethered balloon might work to a degree, assuming you can also get a telescope up there and get the whole setup stable enough. But any reasonable tethered balloon in the early 1800's isn't going to give you all that much more notice that just sticking someone with the same telescope on a tower in Calais.
    3
  3337.  @audacityHD  it can certainly be answered in A drydock, not sure about tying it in specifically to next week without disadvantaging other questions in the queue.
    3
  3338. If you've ever seen a picture of the HSF at full power you'd know that's wishful thinking :p
    3
  3339. Johnston was a Fletcher class... And if you don't think RN DD captains weren't crazy, you haven't looked at WW2 naval history much.
    3
  3340.  @florian2199  cheers :) feel free to join the discord or drop the channel an email if you'd like to get involved for the French ships. :)
    3
  3341.  @nathanmeulensteen339  yeah but that just gives me quotation marks.
    3
  3342. Dr. Clarke was referring to the final evolution of the 4.5" as would be found in the Daring class and thereafter.
    3
  3343. I'm willing to work with most naval historians if they also would like to :)
    3
  3344. Good thing my field isn't the history of academic institutions! :D
    3
  3345. Still in progress.
    3
  3346.  @voiceofraisin3778  true, but this was done largely by offloading prisoners onto captured vessels, and these were sent to rendezvous with Altmark, the practice of sending prisoners on ships to neutral ports was also widely practiced. :)
    3
  3347. As a couple of others have pointed out this is basically correct, but the phrasing of the question sounded like someone was asking as if Halsey made the decision to attack himself and so I answered as such. :)
    3
  3348.  @TheAngelobarker  depends on the thickness, battleship grade or cruiser grade?
    3
  3349. Colorado's biggest advantage is not shutting down due to electrical faults after a few minutes :D
    3
  3350. Dammit!
    3
  3351. John Fisher sure thing
    3
  3352. Not all anti-shipping missiles have them. Or were you referring to a particular aspect of the question?
    3
  3353. The sub flooded slowly and settled into fine silt, which then filled most of the interior
    3
  3354. I think thins change as scale increases, the vaguely contemporary Collosus class went 1.5 knots faster on about 0.78hp/ton :)
    3
  3355. Something like the Wasp might well have taken a similar fate, but Ark Royal's fate is basically a case study in why the treaty limits were a bad idea, they didn't account for 20 years or technological development and forced designers to cut corners.
    3
  3356.  @ronwhitefan1921  I can add him to the list:)
    3
  3357. The stability and weight issues associated with a double height barbette were too much.
    3
  3358. Depends on the time period, in the 1920's getting them to work and hit anything was hard. By the 1930's they worked and could hit but were significantly higher maintainence than the average turret. Their effective firepower, based on the few times they were used in anger, appears to be somewhat greater than calculations alone would suggest.
    3
  3359. I wondered who'd notice that one :D
    3
  3360. I think there was quite a transmission lag at the time
    3
  3361.  @ChurchHatesTucker  I understand that, hence why it was only the basic version showing the initial substitution principle. The only reason the second example was slightly more complex was that whilst you can still work out E, the first '+5' version instantly gives you the message once you work out E. The second version allows you to work out E, but substitution by the difference for E won't give you the message due to the 'letter *.75 plus letter' second substitution, which gives different variance values for each letter. It can still be solved in minutes, bit it will take a few more minutes than just +5
    3
  3362. Nope, as covered in the video, the myth busters attempt was very flawed
    3
  3363. Most cannon on 14th-15th century ships were anti-personal or barely above that as well :)
    3
  3364. It's a ship that was never built, without using the in game model you are down to a couple of sets of sketch plans.
    3
  3365. More torpedoes and usually greater success
    3
  3366. Can you specify which ones? The last four or so have been with a new microphone after the old one got worse.
    3
  3367. Theoretically, it's possible
    3
  3368. Well, it's an English ship, so that's how it was described in the video. :)
    3
  3369. sigh do I need to break out the purgation squad again?
    3
  3370. He was quite active in preparing the coastal defences but was not a fleet squadron commander, he joined the fleet with the first batch of reinforcement ships as the Armada passed up the Channel.
    3
  3371. I'd have to go out to Ireland with an underwater drone and some permits, but long term, sure :)
    3
  3372. Many thanks.
    3
  3373. https://www.redbubble.com/people/thecollectioner/works/27689733-japanese-navy-ww2?grid_pos=13&p=art-print&rbs=1df70c6f-f281-457d-a8bb-618cbdb760cb&ref=shop_grid&searchTerm=japanese%20navy
    3
  3374. They stuck a small forge aboard Warrior for the purpose :)
    3
  3375.  @daszveroboy  the site is very old, doesn't use a lot of relevant information and perpetuates a number of myths and errors. I would not take much of its conclusions in those evaluations seriously.
    3
  3376. The Polish trait is Leeroy Jenkins 😀
    3
  3377. @hunterparke9059  if you check the video description you'll find the NARA footage ID numbers, plug those into the US National Archives site search and you'll get the originals :)
    3
  3378.  @cmdrbigbob  yes to both
    3
  3379. No idea to be honest :(
    3
  3380.  @jihadslowpoke  As far as I know it's almost entirely or totally airfield strikes.
    3
  3381. The exaggeration is from later soft-history accounts that either make it sound like or outright promote the idea that almost all the deaths of those who made it into the water were due to sharks.
    3
  3382.  @PVCArms  that's not entirely accurate, by both ships accounts Java good some good hits in early. A ship like Constitution doesn't delay taking a prize for an hour or more to repair damage just because it feels like it. But Java was never going to win that fight and lost badly in the end. An analogy would be Trafalgar, crushing victory, but no dispute that the winning side took damage and casualties.
    2
  3383. I don't see anything I said that contradicts that, Java lost badly in the end, but it is undeniable it, managed to do some damage to Constitution in the opening phase of the battle.
    2
  3384. Depends on exactly which ship of the line, some were better in that regard than others :)
    2
  3385. Basically the accounts show that all the American frigates got shot through in their engagements, at point blank an 18lb broadside will go through a wooden side unless there's also a frame and the planking is ship of the line grade. But where better wood and heavier construction make the difference are at angles and range. Opening broadsides could be effective enough to decide a fight, and something like Constitution could resist longer range fire, angled fire and the lighter upper deck guns much better than the average frigate. In turn, thus means fewer casualties and guns knocked out before the range closes to point blank, which in turn means the American salvo at that range is likely to be nearly full strength, whilst the opponents, even weight of guns aside, will have fewer operational weapons at the point where it's almost impossible to miss. Finally, as double shorted broadsides often opened engagements but were lower velocity than single shot salvos, the combination of lower mv, longer range and stronger sides would resist this fire especially well. A shot can bury itself into wood up to around half it's diameter and still fall out once it's lost energy, which from inside will still look like a 'bounce'.
    2
  3386. Any particular reason? I would think history rises above petty nationalism.
    2
  3387.  @stephenduffy5406  oh I agree, however as I said previously by that point he was in full damage control mode (bear in mind he spent some time as a prisoner, then more time being raked over the coals by the media of the time before the court martial, by which point the ship was conveniently in enemy hands). You can trace the shift in tone and version of what happened between the actual event and the court martial. During and immediately after the battle, up until roughly when the Presidents crew are landed in Bermuda, you have a version that everyone who was there agrees on. From there, Decatur starts to write accounts that differ from the ones he wrote first, which start to play up the issues he had, and eventually start to invent new ones. As time goes on, and the American press are roasting him for losing the President, he becomes more and more defensive and more and more issues start to appear in his accounts. By the time of the court martial his accounts are entirely at odds with what he is recorded as saying and what all accounts agree he actually did as recorded during and immediately after the battle. The RN examinations of the ship at Bermuda and when breaking it up also show that significant portions of what he said at the court martial were flat out lies.
    2
  3388. There is a lot of disagreement over the exact status of Chesapeake's crew. From what I can tell a lot of them were far from green, many had already fought on other ships during the war. However, they were only together as a crew on this specific ship for a few months.
    2
  3389.  @corporaltommy4407  yep, due to visitthe post office tommorow
    2
  3390.  @neutronalchemist3241  how can the Italians be chasing Sydney and then also encounter Sydney whilst previously chasing it? This "keep the other cruiser at bay" is a false narrative since it would imply the other Italian cruiser was actively seeking engagement that the destroyers had to shield their comrades from. That isn't the case, both cruisers were running, there was nothing to hold at bay. And Sydney did not withdraw because it was scared off by the remaining cruiser nor was it engaged it a straight fight, it chased the Nere until it pretty much was out of ammo and out of position, letting Nere go because there was nothing realostoc chance of catching or and bringing it down with the ammo left available. The British destroyers in question were hardly Tribals, N class or similar, they were fairly pedestrian H class (and one I class). In most engagement profiles, a fleet light cruiser that can hold the range on a half flotilla of DD's has the advatange, not a disadvantage. In a reverse situation where Two Leander's came across an Italian light cruiser and a half dozen destroyers, it's pretty certain they would stand and fight. The battle profile favours the pair of cruisers due to the differences in range and firepower between the sole cruiser and it's escorts.
    2
  3391. Other battles were screwed up despite favourable odds, this is true, however, the Italian ships almost immediately turned and ran on sight of Sydney, it wasn't a case of keeping the Italian ships at bay, except before Sydney showed up, after that the Italian ships survival was largely on account t of them running away fast enough to keep the range open to a degree that scoring hits was quite hard. Each Italian cruiser was on paper at least as heavily armed as Sydney, as fleet units, they should've been confident enough to engage Sydney and it's escorts.
    2
  3392. To be fair a pair of.light cruisers should be death afloat for a destroyer flotilla, and whilst Sydney did eventually expend the bulk of it's ammo stocks and retire, it's 'only' a Leander class commerce protection cruiser. In the world of light cruiser combat two light cruisers built for fleet duty should be able to deal with a half flotilla and a commerce protection cruiser.
    2
  3393. The hits to Bismarck's rudder and the early destruction of the primary FCS system were indeed lucky.
    2
  3394.  @kendog84bsc  for it's role it was important to have some gun coverage at all possible angles. All main guns forward would leave it extremely vulnerable in a stern chase.
    2
  3395. Think about your priorities
    2
  3396. Which one?
    2
  3397. You can't blame him for Wake Island, the pause was ordered by his superiors, and it was on his watch and under his command that the bulk of the IJN pre-war carrier force was sunk, not many admirals can claim to have put six enemy capital ships on the bottom.
    2
  3398.  @collinfrye9555  She's on the list :)
    2
  3399.  @VersusARCH  I appreciate posts that disagree when they come with explanations/reasoning as yours do. There are always going to be different opinions and it's important that they are represented as well. Obviously a huge gulf in aircraft techology would negate a lot of pilot skill. However, in the first half of the war the Zero was competitive, and updated models, whilst they fell behind the latest Allied designs, were not anywhere near as far behind as some of the other mismatches in WW2
    2
  3400. Yes :D
    2
  3401. This is acknowledged in the video description :)
    2
  3402. Compared to the forest of the main European continent (and Britain at the time), easily accessible ship-building wood does not seem to have been plentiful. Available yes, but not overflowing.
    2
  3403.  @ThatZenoGuy  Iowa/SD wasn't anything to write home about either TBH in TDS terms, the heaviest TDS on treaty battleships was rated against 1,000lbs and more. Beyond that, outside of multiple simultaneous hits with heavy torpedoes, most ships took numerous torpedoes to sink. Tomato has sheer size of her side as well, 1kt of flooding means less on a 70kt ship than on a 30-35kt one.
    2
  3404.  @ThatZenoGuy  uh, that the system was designed to not be able to take 900lbs TNT equivilant is another mark against.
    2
  3405.  @ThatZenoGuy  true with regards to their durability, albeit that aerial torpedoes are generally lighter, so you'd expect the TDS to resist them better. Additionally, the weaknesses in the Yamato's TDS are not just 'internet myth', they were first found by the USN mission to Japan post-war and elaborated on by naval historians in the Warship journal and Warship International periodical.
    2
  3406. Article 8 meant Langley counted at the time but could be replaced at any moment, unlike anything built afterwards. The US didn't count her into their long term plans as they'd replace her with a far more capable ship, but she was technically there on paper in the 20's
    2
  3407. Not yet, mainly trying to find more pictures of it
    2
  3408. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    2
  3409. Yep, it's a decoy so only to look convincing from the air :)
    2
  3410. All survived getting out of the sub, a couple died from exposure on the surface and one from the ascent through holding his breath.
    2
  3411. Done :)
    2
  3412. They fall into the next stage of development, the first ironclads to the pre-dreadnoughts.
    2
  3413. Ive managed to find a copy for myself, its a great resource :)
    2
  3414.  @johnmcmickle5685  tune in next week :)
    2
  3415.  @scottjackson5173  actually my information comes from Norman Friedman, arguably the most prominent American naval historian alive. The Midways were ordered as carriers from the start in 1942 and started construction in 1943 onwards, the Montana's were ordered earlier but suspended due to the Iowa's and Essex's taking up material and dockspace, then cancelled entirely before any work had been done in actual dockyards after it was decided to focus on carriers. No Montana was ever laid down and the Midway class are certainly not converted Montana's in the fashion of the Lexington's. Two of the three Midway weren't even built in the same yards as those planned for the Montana class, and those contracts for both ship classes provably exist. I'm also curious as to what the 5th and 6th South Dakota class ships you say were built are called.
    2
  3416. It's covered briefly in the video on the Bismarck class but there will also be a significantly more detailed coverage when we do a special on it's voyage.
    2
  3417. True, but these advances tended to occur in many navies around the same time, I was trying to focus on stuff that was unique or semi-unique to the USN :)
    2
  3418. Eventually :)
    2
  3419.  @jimmahon3417  I did consider this option, however, it was deployed along with the side nets that are definitely crash safety measures. So I made a judgement call :)
    2
  3420.  @annadalassena5460  pop over to the Discord if you like, I'm sometimes available in live voice and you can always DM me to sort out a private convo there :)
    2
  3421.  @annadalassena5460  I did mention that later :)
    2
  3422. That should've been Ark Royal, sorry for the slip of the tongue!
    2
  3423. Some of the ships that were captured and burned were set afire because of the supplies on board, but were bound for neutral ports for onwards shipping and in one or two cases (at least according to the crew) heading for the UK itself.
    2
  3424.  @WelshInRussia  I completely misread your original enquiry! The ship with all the flags is of course HMS Ranger :)
    2
  3425. Eventually :)
    2
  3426. Section 2(d) of the Anglo-German Naval Agreement specified that the categories and displacement limits current at the time from the existing naval armament limitation treaties (the London Naval Treaty) would be adhered to, unless by special agreement. That meant the 35kt limit from the LNT was in force, which in turn meant that anything designed and with construction started before '39 (when Germany abandoned the treaty) was subject to this restriction. That means Bismarck and Tirpitz. Additionally, the KGV's weren't all in commission at the start of WW2, it took until the latter part of mid-war for them to all be operational.
    2
  3427. Everyone recognised carriers were necessary in naval warfare, the main disagreements was whether they were escorts and assistants to the battleships, or the new main capital ship.
    2
  3428. What comment? I don't believe I've deleted any comments from this video.
    2
  3429.  @jordanmagpiebullet7978  I doubt it.
    2
  3430. General Z plan yes, individual classes in it maybe.
    2
  3431. Yeah, they're just much further down the list :)
    2
  3432. combatmikearms I imagine you mean the N3?
    2
  3433. It's better placed in a specialist AA video :)
    2
  3434. Those roles are better told in the ships own videos. :)
    2
  3435. Renown and Anson were at Scapa to block Atlantic sorties and KGV was on her way back after repairs from collusion damage.
    2
  3436. Yeah, the main analysis I looking at was 1942, the capacity of the other routes expanded considerably as the war went on, and they could be used all year.
    2
  3437. Might have the robot back on request with human and robot versions of certain videos.
    2
  3438. Von der Tann added :)
    2
  3439. That is the USS Intrepid
    2
  3440. Well, Warrior was already underway, a pause to evaluate monitors would've been appropriate, but the RN was already invested into ironclads in general
    2
  3441. Yes, because amongst other things relative distance is key, degassing can reduce the signature so as not to trip a mine 30ft below, not so much a detonator 10ft away.
    2
  3442.  @Jakob_DK  the lost in the description is the list of upcoming videos, in the order that they will be made in.
    2
  3443. Even Isokaze's crew seemed confused by the Zero's actions.
    2
  3444.  @princedetenebres  Washington commissioned only a few days before Bismarck sailed, so without even a shakedown voyage under her belt I wouldn't describe her as combat ready. I was essentially going with the assets the USN would either plausibly have in interception range or which could shape a course there.
    2
  3445. Non niche/experimental steam locomotives show up in the mid-1820's
    2
  3446. I still have the sea-mat/cloth :D
    2
  3447. Depends on the model, I paint some on-sprue, some part assembled and some full assembled depending on the model type.
    2
  3448.  @1KosovoJeSrbija1  The Black Knight, Aeris Bellator, Manus Lux Lucis & Casta Argentum
    2
  3449. And three regular ones :D
    2
  3450. Something to try for the American ships :)
    2
  3451. Only if they extend all the way up to the main deck
    2
  3452.  @KellyMallory  there have been a number of expeditions, and analysis is incomplete as large portions of the lower hull are under the silt at the bottom of the ocean, there is direct evidence from the investigations and period accounts that torpedoes had breached the ship outside the citadel, and that their flooding inadvertently meant it took longer to sink the ship. As for the main citadel, it also had flooding towards the end, but proved very durable so where that floooding came from is harder to determine. However, any TDS is sacrificial and repeated hits in the same area will breach it eventually, plus as the ship settles the impacts start taking place above the TDS where they do more damage.
    2
  3453.  @battleship6177  on her way to Okinawa after repairs to typhoon damage, she arrived to relieve New Jersey about a week after Yamato was sunk.
    2
  3454. She was the only Iowa class not present.
    2
  3455. It's near the bottom of each video description :)
    2
  3456. And then factor in the inherent inaccuracy of guns generally and you get half mile spreads :D
    2
  3457. They are on the list :)
    2
  3458. Sure, can add them to the list
    2
  3459. Sure, although some specific ships names would be great suggestions :)
    2
  3460. I quite like them, I just find them equally amusing as much as they were effective
    2
  3461.  @jevinliu4658  we only recorded it at the weekend, it won't be done for a little while. :)
    2
  3462. I wasn't trying to imply millitary equipment so much as general equipment and supplies brought into the UK, which were needed to enable industry in the UK to work full bore.
    2
  3463. Damn, I thought I'd fixed that
    2
  3464. Hello! Yep the 40mm are 'Boffin' mounts :) With regard to the 3", I admit it was a colloquial use of 'clip' in the sense of a preloaded container of ammo which would feed the guns without further input until it needed reloading. I wasn't trying to imply a 40mm style distinct disposable clip of ammo 😀
    2
  3465.  @MayaMediated  I have several, which bit of footage in particular would you like to know the camera system for?
    2
  3466. Technically not as she was built in Vickers yards, but her design was very similar to the final Elswick cruisers once they ditched the big main guns for an all QF battery.
    2
  3467.  @Wtdtd  the winners were announced in a community post on Sunday, I'm having internet issues preventing me from uploading videos at the moment.
    2
  3468. They all exploded in transit :D
    2
  3469. Thanks, fixed :)
    2
  3470. Not at the moment, could look at setting one up
    2
  3471. Since the 1930s a capital ship is named for the previous monarch, prior to that the first capital ship built in a new monarchs reign was traditionally named for them.
    2
  3472. In September!
    2
  3473. Huascar
    2
  3474. Frigates, sloops and other small vessels would be used as 'dispatch vessels' to take letters, orders and high value low volume cargo to and from operation fleets and squadrons.
    2
  3475. All I'll say is the only difference between my Plan Z and H-series videos is the latter has a single sketch with the swastika on the bow like historical German ships of WW2. Guess which one YT has partially demonetised 😂
    2
  3476. Two actually, the Landship Committee and then the various popular ideas for Land Battleships 😀
    2
  3477. That was using a pretty expensive lavalier mic. 😀
    2
  3478. With all the extra stuff added to the ship since launch she needs the extra buoyancy and stability
    2
  3479. As I said in the video, it depends what the damage is, specialist structural work to repair a torpedo hit doesn't need most of the crew, so after generally fixing up they aren't really needed. Conversely, if the ship has been bombed/strafed/shelled etc and has more general damage, then it's much more likely most of the crew will be fully occupied helping out.
    2
  3480. Yep, kamikaze about to hit USS Missouri. Moving at high speed, under fire, but at full combat speed most people tend to only react fast enough to duck after the impact.
    2
  3481. There is a playlist on the channel page with exactly that :)
    2
  3482. For the guides, I try to keep to 5-6 mins or thereabouts as the format is designed to give people a run-down on the ship/class in a way that they can listen to relatively quickly. Specials can run on a lot longer, so if you would like to see an Iowa class special, just ask and I'll add it to the list :)
    2
  3483. That's the USS Oklahoma
    2
  3484. Matthew Robinson comparison videos... Something to definitely consider.
    2
  3485. Seems to have happened to a few people :(
    2
  3486.  @pd-kx4qw  A lot of shell distributions on ships hit repeatedly seem to show many hits on the forward superstructure, it makes a natural aim point. :)
    2
  3487. Sure, Will add to the list
    2
  3488.  @shawnfoxfirth9684  not done the Rivers yet :)
    2
  3489. Probably could as a special.
    2
  3490. The main problem would've been a lack of suitable aircraft in 1916.
    2
  3491. They're main job would've been aircraft watch, remember historically the IJN was spotted when it was almost coming over the horizon, nobody was expecting them, thus nobody was looking for them.
    2
  3492. Iowa vs Yamato is probably the most popular 'vs' scenario after the various 'Bismarck vs X' queries
    2
  3493. Not yet but there will be one eventually
    2
  3494. Given the distance and ships involved the arrival of the Taffy aircraft would likely be after the battle had been decided.
    2
  3495. Yes
    2
  3496.  @davesnothere. many thanks! You can drop me a line via email, which can be found in the about section of the channel page. :)
    2
  3497. For the few hours the ship was on the move, there wasn't much else to do but stand on the ship, and be close to all the pumps etc in case one gave out.
    2
  3498. She was equipped with a number of 5"/38 guns atop the old turret houses to help train AA gunners and was carrying hundreds of rounds of 5" ammo in the old 12" magazines.
    2
  3499. Lot's of 5"/38 ammo for AA training. Which was suddenly in high demand :D
    2
  3500. I mean, I did read precisely from the damage reports...
    2
  3501. One took a shot at a Uboat
    2
  3502. They iterated on the design so much, like the Hipper's, that Deutschland, Scheer and Graf Spee were almost individual sub-classes.
    2
  3503. Is she still there?
    2
  3504. Not that I've come across in one place, but there are a few sites that track the air groups of carriers of specific navies, or even specific ships. :)
    2
  3505. Because in the period 1900-1950 when one speaks of carriers one usually thinks of the US, UK or Japan. France not having many carriers in this period may therefore make it surprising to learn France lead many of the early innovations in carriers
    2
  3506.  @sardaukerlegion  yeah, after Lutzow was sold and the war started they reused it for the former 'Deutschland'.
    2
  3507. I said 10 lbs
    2
  3508. Not normally, but in this case I was a bit pressed for time and wasn't able to call on my normal cadre of voice actors :(
    2
  3509. Yep, engines take up a lot of weight :)
    2
  3510. There is some speculation over certain incidents, but I've seen a few videos trying to 'mythbust' her voyage which are suspiciously selective in their evidence, or sometimes downright ignorant.
    2
  3511. Not Me maybe I'll rerecord a bunch when I'm on Christmas holiday!
    2
  3512. I've covered Blyskawica (spl?) but help with the Wicher class would be great :)
    2
  3513.  @richardcutts196  By 1941 Hoods engines were on their very last legs, they'd been repaired and patched as much as possible, without a refit she'd be in serious risk of complete machinery failure by the end of the year. And once you get to the stage of replacing the engines, might as well do everything else.
    2
  3514. Possibly, depends on how railguns and lasers pan out over the next few decades.
    2
  3515. Can give it a go :)
    2
  3516. True, but there's a line between "these historic politics are why X happened" and then bringing modern politics into it.
    2
  3517. I can hear the sound ok? 🤔
    2
  3518. There shouldn't be any midrolls on my.l videos
    2
  3519.  @DarryllC  I haven't changed anything, but Windows has been messing with my sounds levels recently
    2
  3520. It would be mostly prepared by cooks, but for a long time there was no particular qualification needed to be one. In this case though, lacking a large crew, I had to make everything myself
    2
  3521. Nope, got plenty more where that came from :)
    2
  3522. They're making progress through the hard tack :)
    2
  3523. The limes came after war with Spain severed trade routes to places with lemons :)
    2
  3524. Paladins of Chivalry
    2
  3525. Have to make do with the supplies I have :)
    2
  3526. Unfortunately the detonation of the 15" magazines took out every part of the ship that we'd need to look at and a bit more besides :(
    2
  3527.  @Wambampy  it seems there was at least one, possibly more, explosions or implosions as the wreck sank once it was under the water.
    2
  3528. Once the hull was blown open any bits of the hull sticking out would be redirecting the passing water, whose pressure would still be greater than stationary as (as far as I can tell) the local decreases in pressure wouldn't entirely make up for the additional force of water moving past at 28+ knots (as opposed to stationary).
    2
  3529. A roll to starboard would make penetration harder, a roll to port would make it easier, but not by enough to increase penetration by the c.33% that would've been needed.
    2
  3530.  @dovetonsturdee7033  I haven't deleted anything of yours. It may be the YouTube moderation bot, I'll see if anything has fetched up in the 'for review' section
    2
  3531. Total of three, unfortunately none looking aft at the time of the explosion.
    2
  3532. In my analysis Hoods rudders were over but she hadn't yet begin her turn. It's a time window that's narrow but the only one that I think satisfies all the evidence.
    2
  3533. I was trying to be as charitable to the scenario as possible, factoring the possible changes in direction make things worse for a shell coming through the 7" plate.
    2
  3534. I suspect the many complications in changing her design during construction and then the various minor refits probably changed the profile of the ship past what they 'knew' from drawings. The photo from shortly before her loss shows that the mainmast area was dangerously exposed even with her lower riding. As I said in the video, a shell could still make it through in the given scenario as long as it only went through a limited amount of water, that's the main effect of the trough, getting the amount of water between the ship and the shell reduced to where the shell fuze stays intact.
    2
  3535. Unfortunately a huge chunk of the ship was utterly destroyed in the explosion, including the entire potential target zone :(
    2
  3536.  @Phineas_Freak  sure, I believe there are a few on the list :)
    2
  3537. The Japanese Home Islands don't have a land border, much in the same way as if someone invaded Canada in 1900 they invaded the British Empire but not the UK. And whilst logic might say Japan was out of the war before Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Japanese themselves didn't realise that and were prepared to go down fighting.
    2
  3538. The Colorado had a strengthens cage mast which stood up better, although not as good as a tripod, it would be serviceable for the fight at the ranges one would assume for the 1920's.
    2
  3539. The main strike against the Bismarck class generally is the exposed FCS communication system, it makes it far to easy to make the ship unable to shoot accurately without having to actually defeat any of the ships armour. If that issue was fixed, a lot of the match-ups Bismarck finds itself in would be significantly different.
    2
  3540. Will add to the Q&A list
    2
  3541. The only ship I can find where it definitely happened was the Lancastria. Such a hit wouldn't cause something like a magazine explosion. But it would blow out boilers and because of basically going all the way to the bottom of the ship would open a big hole to the sea in the biggest compartments of the ship. So it would be pretty fatal.
    2
  3542. The main thing to bear in mind I'd that the "keep solution whilst maneuvering" level of fire control was not present during most of the war and the introduction of the relevant systems to do so varied on a per ship basis. Since both ships are contemporary but one sank long before the other went out of service, it is more fair to compare both ships at a point they could have physically met where possible as opposed to giving one ship a 3-4 year tech advantage, at a time when radar and fcs tech was advancing every year.
    2
  3543. Post-war tests with post-war technology don't mean much for a mid-war battle, not to mention tests are rarely reflective of actual battle performance. Even as late as Surigao Strait some US battleships could tracks and shell via radar at long rang whilst others in the same battleline with older tech could not. Further the Mk1A was also a post-war upgrade of the wartime Mk1, so again is not applicable to a wartime fight. You have to be careful of taking combinedfleet as gospel, they have a lot of things quite wrong for a variety of reasons.
    2
  3544. Depends on the ship, the rear and the type of radar and the gun-laying. Radar improves accuracy, but it is not an aim-bot.
    2
  3545. To be fair at this point the IJN only had the Kawachi class so France was still ahead in Dreadnought numbers, the Kongo's, Fusos etc were still to come.
    2
  3546.  @estoyaqui5386  yep that's me/us :)
    2
  3547. The big difference is firing ranges and frequency of availability for big guns. There are individual people in the US with more .50cal firearms than are registered in the whole of the UK. And privately owned firing ranges who wouldn't mind people setting off a steel box full of cordite and nitroglycerine are also in remarkably short supply in the UK. In theory, getting the Army involved would solve those issues, but I'm not a big film company who can afford that kind of thing.
    2
  3548. It was drawn by a viewer after I described it in an earlier drydock, mid-30's I think.
    2
  3549.  @eversor10  I still work in engineering, but I've worked across a number of different fields
    2
  3550.  @shawncarroll5255  the turret rangefinders were used by a number of ww2 era battleships in various engagements. Even when the main rangefinder was in use the turret ones would often be used to provide additional data points as they were often the largest. South Dakota tried to use them after the electrical failures but there was too much smoke and flames for the crew to see much through them.
    2
  3551. I've been nervous of hydraulic systems ever since the feed lines for the big press at University let go whilst we were using it to bend and break a reinforced concrete beam :)
    2
  3552. There were a whole range, dive, torpedo, high level and low level bomber squadrons with differing levels of training. Some of course were better than others, but that's pretty typical for any large organisation.
    2
  3553. There is the English version as well of course :)
    2
  3554.  @jamespfp  oh definitely, I'd only take a sponsorship that I felt might have something interesting for my audience.
    2
  3555. I've only really seen him use the phrase in relation to sponsors, maybe I'm just not watching other content that uses the phrase?
    2
  3556. I've come across that source as well, the various sources seem to disagree on the point, some say picric acid based explosives were still being used, others say a switch back to either gunpowder or guncotton had been made. I went with what seemed to be the majority opinion, balanced with descriptions of the effects of the shells impact. If there is some definitive research on the matter I would be more than happy to read it :)
    2
  3557. This is a battle for which I would recommend multiple books as each gives a view from a very different perspective. "The Tsars Last Armada", "Russo-Japanese Naval War, 1905 Volume 2", "Rising Sun And Tumbling Bear: Russia's War with Japan" and "The Fleet that had to die" are all good accounts.
    2
  3558. @Yannick 73 that's a good question I'll address in my next livestream
    2
  3559.  @backblaise1255  good idea
    2
  3560. Working on that :)
    2
  3561. Which question?
    2
  3562. Well, I'm covering the duels in chronological order...
    2
  3563. Just taken from a weird angle 😀
    2
  3564. The thing is that technology was advancing so quickly that "technologically behind" means about 5 years or so, gun metallurgy, armour plate, boilers, powder and shot (iron vs steel) etc were all areas the US was behind in, but as above, it only took 4-6 years to catch up, but by then others had skipped ahead still further.
    2
  3565. In WW2 the cost ratio was even more lopsided, an Iowa cost as much 15-20 carrier air groups worth of aircraft.
    2
  3566. It's called 'Celibrate Life', its just a chill track I found in a Humble Bundle I bought ages ago and thought it would be useful :)
    2
  3567. The main thing with the attack on CarDiv2 is no course change puts the two formations on a literal collision course, if for some reason the ASV aircraft miss them, Warspite is going to pick them up on radar akin to how Pola and company were spotted at Matapan, at which point they're already well inside gun range.
    2
  3568. Except Fulmars had a decent record against Kates and aircraft like them, when not being hit by fighters like Zero's. And the RN encountered the IJN in a couple of night actions in late 41 and early 42, thanks to radar and their own night fighting training, the RN came out on top.
    2
  3569. It was supposed to be "had ever built"
    2
  3570. Lee wanted to fight any chance he knew it was worth it and his forces would accomplish something useful.
    2
  3571. The main difference is ironically daylight, 1v1 Iowas have an advantage over Yamatos at night. But as a fleet the IJN Long Lance's and the limitations of radar make things far more dangerous. In daylight the US fleet can see further and more clearly by combining radar and visual information and avoid any unpleasant surprises.
    2
  3572. I'll have to talk with Military Aviation History about that one :)
    2
  3573.  @MAGEs-of-Anarchy  I did a video called 'Naval Guns (1400-1650)' that covers them :)
    2
  3574.  @jj-nv1kf Yep, of course, the same calibre multiplier results in differing lengths depending on the gun calibre itself, so it's more useful as a shorthand to work out if the gun is high, low or medium velocity. Generall speaking the 'average' naval gun of the early 20th century is 40-45 calibres long, with less than that being low velocity and more being higher velocity weapons.
    2
  3575. There were options of low/high pressure turbine combo's in direct drive and/or importing tech, but each option had good and bad points, as did the TE drive. :)
    2
  3576. Maybe if I put a 'skip intro' card in?
    2
  3577. Yes, I more recently did a whole video as to why I refer to her as such :)
    2
  3578. The Kiel Canal was expanded several times. :)
    2
  3579. Video coming today
    2
  3580.  @Cbabilon675  where was the comment?
    2
  3581. Are you implying I'm a slave?
    2
  3582. The museum ship is the Essex class successor
    2
  3583. John Jordan's 'French Battleships of World War 1'
    2
  3584. Courtesy flag whilst in a US port
    2
  3585.  @MililaniJag  not yet :)
    2
  3586. Noted, however, I had ti use the footage I'd recorded with 😀
    2
  3587. It's due in the next few months.
    2
  3588. Basically yes, hence why it was so rarely done
    2
  3589. Rebar concrete is a terrible material from a long term engineering standpoint. Anything built with rear has a 100-150 year maximum lifespan before it either falls down or will have to be torn down due to the interaction between the two materials. The only reason it's used in construction is that it's a relatively cheap method of combining good tensile and compressive strength.
    2
  3590. Not when Texas was built.
    2
  3591. Hence why my it's is mostly directed against those who hold the purse strings.
    2
  3592.  @Usammityduzntafraidofanythin  decisions on armament are usually made a couple of years before fitting out. But mostly it was because the USA was isolationist at the time to there wasn't an expectation of the USN operating within a few dozen miles of a coastline on the other side of the ocean. :)
    2
  3593. Depends on if I have the time,but worth a future plan :)
    2
  3594. Yep :)
    2
  3595.  @PNolandS  Texas is the left most ship of the chevron formed by the three carriers and two battleships, or in other terms the second battleship from the right of the photo.
    2
  3596.  @RelativeGalaxy7  sure, message me on discord when you have the chance
    2
  3597. Sure
    2
  3598. I'm not exactly very forgiving of the British government for not preserving any battleships as museums either.
    2
  3599. Go for it :)
    2
  3600. Some shipyards hard a series of smaller cranes for these purposes. But it's just an interesting intersection of modern tech and tech that's thousands of years old.
    2
  3601. Drop me an email :)
    2
  3602. Pound for pound Tennessee has the superior armour system to the QE, but as you said, the main problem is the guns, the QE's need to get a lot closer to hurt the US ships than they would need to hurt clones of themselves, but the US 14" in it's 1920's iteration is somewhat anemic and ends up still giving the British ship a position where it is in comfortable battle range and can hurt the US ship but can resist incoming shells itself. Once the 1930's rebuild of the Tennessee's guns take place the situation is quite different.
    2
  3603. Agreed, however the nomenclature of the time called everything with armour 'ironclads' right up until the pre-dreadnought age.
    2
  3604. fiveminuteguides@googlemail.com :)
    2
  3605. Possibly, but on paper Massachusetts was comfortably superior in a close action, they didn't know about the defective fuzes.
    2
  3606. Hello :)
    2
  3607.  @RedXlV  I think the need to basically tear out all the Babette inner workings would make it a non starter, the shell and charge passageways were very tight, to the point that some US ships couldn't even use updated shells for their own guns because the shells were slightly too long.
    2
  3608. Sure, let me know what pages so I can mark them in my copy. I suspect that some of it comes about because their books are slightly older and at the time certain rumours had been around long enough they were treated as fact, whereas more recent research, assisted by quite a number of files being either more widely circulated via digital means or declassified, mean that a lot of stuff is now much more widely known and/or can be confirmed/denied.
    2
  3609. Might've been the rain outside :D
    2
  3610.  @whydoyougottahavthis  you'd be surprised what you can fit on an aircraft that's not coming back. And a 550lb bomb isn't that heavy in the grand scheme of things.
    2
  3611. Ship vs ship, with no other ships from either side interfering
    2
  3612.  @LinusNapoleonicShipyard  I do play games with them at times as well :)
    2
  3613.  @menciusmadhyanagara5259  keep an eye on the upcoming Drydock episode :)
    2
  3614.  @davidrenton  Google probably doesn't like the competition 🤔 I'll check it out, the main thing is if it has 600dpi resolution, a lot of cheaper A3 document scanners don't.
    2
  3615.  @rl-762  depends how old they are
    2
  3616. Sverige has had a video, albeit in the robo-voice. Some of the others are on the list :)
    2
  3617.  @armchairwarlord  fiveminuteguides@gmail.com
    2
  3618. Definitely :)
    2
  3619. Not yet, but soon
    2
  3620.  @Aelxi  When I've got enough information about them :D
    2
  3621. Indeed, pre-Black Death the forests were in far worse shape than a century later.
    2
  3622. If you want to be picky it's a fully enclosed barbette.
    2
  3623. Fixed now :)
    2
  3624. Just as planned....
    2
  3625. It was raining outside :D
    2
  3626. Lionfish is a Balao class :) I should probably plan a preserved ship tour in the USA at some point.
    2
  3627. Yep, Argonaut and crew will get their own video at some point :)
    2
  3628. The relative strength of the countries in question and their preexisting relationships can make a significant difference.
    2
  3629.  @justinthyme7275  sure, I already work with several naval historians with extensive academic careers, they think the channel is great!
    2
  3630.  @justinthyme7275  also doing that with this channel. 😁
    2
  3631. OK, done. Now what?
    2
  3632. That's more a subject for if/when I cover the oceanic aspect of the war.
    2
  3633. I have them all backed up on multiple hard-drives for re-upload if it becomes necessary.
    2
  3634.  @lonjohnson5161  this took about 2 weeks of on/off recording
    2
  3635.  @frosty3693  Go to the 'about' section on the channel home page :)
    2
  3636. I went by what was recorded in Friedman :)
    2
  3637. Pretty much, about 6-7 seconds between the black powder going off and the smokeless powder really going to town with a fireball.
    2
  3638. Can add it to the list :)
    2
  3639. True, but I was proposing to force that showdown before the fiasco. Best of both worlds
    2
  3640. The Kommuna, I plan on doing a video on her at some point.
    2
  3641. Sure
    2
  3642. https://youtu.be/1coSlgexVew
    2
  3643. I got the appropriate training to operate the laser, then asked if I could give it a shot :)
    2
  3644. Haven't used it on a blued surface yet :)
    2
  3645.  @sylvainprigent6234  I know, I just like to use prefixes to help people work out which nation a ship belongs to at a glance.
    2
  3646. The B-64/65 design series were late 30's/ early '40's idea to replace them again 😀
    2
  3647. I'm honestly at a loss as to why the rendering did this :(
    2
  3648. Don't know why it won't post, comp is open until Friday :)
    2
  3649. The certainly had the plans to, and to be honest, Hood was getting to the point where it would either be replace the engines or have stationary ship anyway.
    2
  3650.  @ijnkako5326  it's a bar-type straight arm crane, which would eventually be replaced by a a bent arm unit
    2
  3651. Sorry, should be working now!
    2
  3652. Really good glasses :)
    2
  3653. Hence why, apart from mentioning its origin, I mostly call him by his last name in the video, but I think pretending it didn't happen at all doesn't help anyone.
    2
  3654. I believe it was probably published during his time at the Naval War College, so it would be a question of if that part of their records has survived. :)
    2
  3655. I can find it. :)
    2
  3656. Already done, but in robo-voice. Guess I know the next video I need to bring into the human voice domain.
    2
  3657. I believe so, they have the advantage that, like tanks, one side of the compartment with explosive in it is already adjacent to the outside.
    2
  3658. Although I'm far from an aircraft expert it think it might be the Fairey Delta
    2
  3659. He knows too much... :D
    2
  3660. Funny that you mention that, as its a question in this weekends Drydock :)
    2
  3661. To be fair the ordering process (and rapid suspension/delay for most) of the Alaska class is a bit of a mess and shows a distinctly low priority assigned to them compared to almost everything else the USN was building. :)
    2
  3662.  @lenyates1230  potentially in that if a ship stays in one piece then a substantial amount may be flooded and accelerating down whilst the other end is still on the surface, once that pendulum is sufficiently swung that could lead to a rapid acceleration downwards for the last bit afloat, mitigated slightly by the smaller surface area of the water column that results.
    2
  3663. They could also have been work hardened over time, which would make the faces more brittle and more likely to fracture :)
    2
  3664.  @zstewart  Pretty much spot on, in actual sinkings the ships pitch and roll angle, speed of sinking and a couple of other factors will all play into exactly how much force the water column it drags behind it will exert, but using the ships surface displacement as a lower bound is useful in emphasising just how much force is involved without overdoing it (as it's a very low end estimate) and in pointing out the square-cube law differences between a small boat going down vs a large ship :)
    2
  3665. It's possible to set magazines to flood and immediately leave if time allows. There are also escape trunks if someone gets locked inside. The cases where magazines are flooded and everyone dies tend to be when catastrophic fires are going on and are the reason for the flooding.
    2
  3666. Torpedoes can run at slightly different depths, and destroyers may be running light or deep depending on class and fuel load. :)
    2
  3667. You are of course correct :)
    2
  3668. They had a destroyer or two along though 😀
    2
  3669. And to be fair the US Army had until recently been small and using old equipment, stuff like British and French field artillery and aircraft were, thanks to the war, simply more advanced at that point.
    2
  3670. It's mentioned in 'Last Stand of the Tin Can Sailors' and one of the other books I used (can't recall which one right now).
    2
  3671. Hence why Halsey promised 'at least' 4
    2
  3672. Unfortunately the action was fought over an oceanic trench, the wrecks would be some of the deepest ever if found.
    2
  3673. That's in my general section:)
    2
  3674. It does happen at times, but I tend to like to keep those correspondences private :)
    2
  3675.  @MaximMachineGun  I haven't come across anything quite as specific for the British, you can piece it together from a number of books, Burt covers some more detail, but maybe we need to persuade Staff to do the British ships as well 😀
    2
  3676. Drop me an email :)
    2
  3677. It depends entirely what time period in her career you are portraying :)
    2
  3678.  @WALTERBROADDUS  no worries, I'll include that in my next drydock in channel admin :)
    2
  3679.  @coppeis  no, just one squadron, pt boats as a whole will need their own Wednesday video
    2
  3680. Systemic failure of the detonators and other issues meant it was rare for one to actually explode, but the USN was trying it's best to send enemy ships to the bottom, so a lot of torpedoes were fired.
    2
  3681. You mean the ones with the ski-jumps?
    2
  3682. Somewhat harder to sneak on disguised as a German destroyer though :p
    2
  3683. I've never seen the third one, do you have a link? :)
    2
  3684. @brnrds  nothing against them but nothing has come.up on the list of topics yet. Their is something on Henry the Navigator coming up next year though.
    2
  3685.  @zootsootful  it allows for considerably more firepower to be mounted in a ship as by having the turrets in this position you can have them closer together and thus get more guns on the centreline of a ship of a given size. For example, the South Carolina class managed an eight gun broadside using super-firing turret pairs, the same broadside as the Dreadnought, but the latter ship didn't use this system and so needed an extra turret to get the same firepower on a larger hull as two turrets were mounted on the sides of the ship and thus could not both fire on the same target unless itnwas directly ahead.
    2
  3686.  @DaveSCameron  they were superceded during it.
    2
  3687. Flagship vs flagship 😀
    2
  3688. I did say in the video that I'd given Admiral Lee basically a worst-case scenario. :)
    2
  3689.  @RedXlV  The Dutch/Swedish ships were an oversight on my part, in part due to their original design being more conventional and then adapted during the hiatus caused by WW2, as opposed to Worcester/Tiger's mountings being developed from the start for the purpose. I think with Blucher, she sits in a weird place, I'd argue the older armoured cruisers, whilst large and heavily armed, were obsolete enough in terms of speed and protection etc that them being over the weight limit didn't so much materially effect their fighting value in the new environment, whereas Blucher, as noted, has far more potential and thus could have been made useful which would make her a far more likely target for the other powers to pick on and insist that she be unaltered or scrapped.
    2
  3690.  @nickburningham5143  hence why it's combined might made it a rising power in the 17th century by uniting various states into a single entity.
    2
  3691. In terms of naval power, the Netherlands had previously been of little concern to other nations, whatever the size of it's merchant fleet. In the 17th century it was the combination of merchant and naval power that was pushing the Netherlands into the ascendancy, together with a slightly more unified approach to foreign matters.
    2
  3692. Th first one is somewhere on the master list :)
    2
  3693.  @AnvilAirsoftTV  I avoid using video footage most of the time for exactly this reason. It's easy to use a ton of AP and British Pathe video, less easy to deal with their lawyers.
    2
  3694. Uh, you do realise we have dockyard records showing exactly where, when and how each of the RN's capital ships of the periodnwere purchased?
    2
  3695. Yep, and remembering every cringeworthy and stupid thing you've ever done, sometimes and very awkward moments!
    2
  3696. It's from my personal collection, so email me 😀
    2
  3697. Oh yeah they'd still be hot, the main thing is the ball gets relatively hot when it's fired anyway, so the difference between a ball that was fired and a red-hot ball would be much greater than a normal ball that was fired and one that had been heated and then run around the ship for several minutes. :)
    2
  3698. Thankyou :) It's always a careful balancing act (or more accurately a bit of a struggle) to get the right point between oversimplification and spending the whole hour talking about high energy impact physics. Hopefully I got somewhere near the right balance here :)
    2
  3699. I'm heading Vasa's way in November
    2
  3700. The use of a picric acid crystal in fuse of the pre-Greenboy shells was one of the (many) issues with the British WW1 era shells from what I can find. Apart from anything else, when it did go off it went off too quickly. Later when the Greenboy's were being developed they adapted a more complex fuse based on German designs from recovered shells (Krupp fuses led at this stage) that was more stable and allowed a slightly longer time delay. :)
    2
  3701. You could certainly do so, just hope you win the war. That's the thing about these kinds of tactics, if you win then clearly it was part of a cunning strategy, if you lose then you were violating international law and will end up in the Hague.
    2
  3702. Hard to sink but very easy to cripple and render combat ineffective.
    2
  3703. The Colorado's had a strengthened version of the lattice mast that survived a lot longer.
    2
  3704. 'tis done :)
    2
  3705. Depended on the ship, thanks to the initial 3 flight decks, Kaga's bridge was actually quite high, but a number of smaller carriers built in this fashion did tend to struggle with rough seas exactly as you describe.
    2
  3706. Most of the Italian Navy at the time was green on the lower hull. But the colour depended on the yard the ship had been built in or had last been dry-docked in, one or two used red paint. So either would be technically accurate but green is more likely at any given point.
    2
  3707.  @damianknapton8152  it wasn't the most powerful but it was the biggest battleship by displacement that anyone knew about. People sometimes therefore assume that biggest = most powerful
    2
  3708. You didn't 'have' to, it was just the primary design criteria, other designs just have wait a little longer :)
    2
  3709. Dystopian Wars, random airfox kits, basically any model I think looks cool. I also kickstart a load of board games mainly so o can paint the miniatures.
    2
  3710. They at least didn't slow the battleline and had a theoretically useful role in operating against the fleet screen of the enemy that wasn't battlecruisers. Of course, none of that describes what 1st CS did....
    2
  3711. Some ships lost torpedo tubes in refits, others did not, so something of a coin toss
    2
  3712.  @tigerterrorist79  sure, go for it, just please make sure people know where the video is from. :)
    2
  3713. Depends on what fraction you are using or somw variant of crude
    2
  3714. Most of them use plastic or rubber in the pressure chamber which degrades rapidly if you put hot petrochemicals in them :(
    2
  3715. At a larger scale I can see about getting light crude
    2
  3716. I really like Star Wars but have never really takk to a SW related channel
    2
  3717. Year, but for testing purposes alcohol burners are easier to control
    2
  3718. World Wars make for young recruits.
    2
  3719. Sure, it is on the list
    2
  3720. We have the historical charge tables recommended by Ericsson and issued by the USN for the 11" Dahlgren. We also know what charges Monitor was issued and thus carrying in the battle. What book do you refer to and what evidence does it present that the guns were only using 5.5lbs of powder?
    2
  3721. Some ridiculous company claims.to have bought the copyright a decade+ after the original video was released and started striking anyone who used it.
    2
  3722. Parasitic company bought the IP for the original clip and tried to copyright strike all uses of it.
    2
  3723. What is?
    2
  3724. Yes, after tests that were conducted well after the battle took place
    2
  3725.  @MrArtbv  There are a number of issues with the 'pedal to the metal' approach. Firstly, assuming the ships reverse course, at full speed with the amount of fuel they have left they're going to be coming in with barely any fuel in the tank, and this assumes optimal course without having to make evasive actions to avoid other ships like KGV and Victorious or air strikes. Additionally, running at speed at night is a huge risk that they are extremely unlikely to take, race home or not, there is no benefit to opening yourself up to a situation where you may well have a flotilla of destroyers come onto radar at about the same time as they are ready to drop torpedoes onto you, which is throwing away your ship for no reason. Running at flank during the day assuming good visibility is certainly possible, but not at night, it's just bad tactics and Lindemann is not going to throw his ship away like that. My point about night recon of Scapa (or the surrounding area) is that by the time Luftwaffe recon is even possible, any RN force that left overnight is going to be somewhere within about a 60,000 square mile area depending on the various possible courses. And every hour that search goes on adds 7-8k square miles to that. You need a lot of aircraft and to get lucky and to not have any intercepted or go down with mechanical issues. Possible, but no way guaranteed. As I mentioned in the answer, there is still a reasonable chance Bismarck makes it back intact, hence why I rounded out with it being joined up with Tirpitz, Scharnhorst etc, but there are a number of major obstacles it had to overcome to do so, most of which are flying the White Ensign. Both sides have chances to roll double 6 or double 1, but the RN has more dice to roll in this scenario. The big problem the IJN has in a no-Greece scenario is that they're running out of resources like oil and they're also running out of time in terms of force balance. They have to either give up on China or go to war with everyone in the area at some point in late '41 or early '42 or they're stuffed.
    2
  3726.  @rafale1981  no formal lessons but I've been doing public speaking in one form or another since about age 10 :)
    2
  3727. Should be in the video description
    2
  3728. Please see the most recent community post, unfortunately I can't 😔
    2
  3729. I'm not saying he made the wrong call for the survival of his ships, but he did unilaterally and without orders withdraw from an active engagement zone, without receiving permission or confirmation from the commanding officer. Hence, during the course of the battle, the destroyers disappearance was unexplained from the perspective of the Java.
    2
  3730. That isn't quite correct, the US destroyers left the formation was down to their commanders own initiave, and after receiving retroactive orders DesDiv58 defied the said orders and said they would go to Batavia after they had completed his own planned withdrawal for fuel. Even the US Office of Naval Intelligence report makes no bones about the withdrawal being taken at the US commanders own decision and not something approved beforehand or anything Doorman was aware of at the time.
    2
  3731.  @connorcore7008  not off guard, they warned the Japanese of what was going to happen well in advance. :)
    2
  3732. Except that's patently not the case, even read out the ultimatum with a picture of the document there for everyone to see
    2
  3733. From what I can tell the great YouTube algorithm has decided it doesn't want people to see it.
    2
  3734.  @peterbreis5407  ADM/234/317/009 (the document that records and summarises the event) states that he was instructed (amongst other things) take Force H to Oran and to send emissaries ashore. This of course excludes him from going ashore as he cannot be an emissary for himself. Further, there would be a risk to the command if he went ashore as he would not be able to give orders and may be detained in furtherance of that goal by the French. Thus, by dint of being the fleet commander and by those orders, Somerville would need to remain with the fleet, hence the selection of Capt Holland as an emissary. It does not preclude Gensoul coming out to meeting Somerville (say in the Foxhound) aboard HMS Hood, or perhaps even meeting aboard Foxhound outside the harbour, if Gensoul was willing to do so, but I suspect Gensoul would not have wanted to leave his fleet for much the same reasons as Somerville couldn't leave his.
    2
  3735. Unfortunately the Admiralty ordered Somerville to remain in command of the fleet, and whilst there was some leeway with certain orders that sort couldn't be dodged without being charged with desertion of command.
    2
  3736.  @UnintentionalSubmarine  Project 21 will have it's turn eventually :)
    2
  3737. I tried to cover that in explaining why the British went after the French ships in the way that they did, as per my conclusion, with hindsight it was likely the wrong call, but with the info they had, it's hard to see how they could have made a different choice.
    2
  3738. Waiting to the next day would have Somervilles forces trapped between the forces in harbour and the forces the French had sent to reinforce them (which the British knew were coming)
    2
  3739. I actually specifically mentioned Toulon twice in the video.
    2
  3740. I think that's a pipeline :)
    2
  3741. Drip me an email and happy to discuss
    2
  3742. Old robo voice one I think
    2
  3743. Yep, it's supposed to not have 'the' when you refer to the ship with its HMS prefix
    2
  3744. Care to give any examples? Edit - This comment is especially ironic given the content of the last half dozen special videos...
    2
  3745. Can do, just drop me the history you want included :)
    2
  3746. D.K. Brown and Norman Friedman would be my got recommendations. In my opinion Brown gives a better general overview and then doves in to very specific issues that are quite unique insights. Friedman gives a lot more general details about the technology on the ships themselves, so is generally more technical, but lacks some of the insights Brown has, which is understandable as he is a historian look back whereas Brown was someone who helped actually build the ships and talked to those who designed earlier vessels.
    2
  3747. Don't have a Discord at the moment, might look into setting one up.
    2
  3748. Only milkshakes
    2
  3749.  @MFitz12  true, however my analysis was based more on how useful they would've actually been and thus what tactics they would likely have employed in war, as opposed to theoretical plans made by people before the ships were built and tested. After all, the Tribals were supposed to provide fleet AA cover! :D
    2
  3750. I'll add to the list :)
    2
  3751. The Palestro class was not included as they started building in WW1, and thus fall into the scope of the last destroyers of the previous video. Where a scout was so classified and significantly larger than current contemporary and foreign designs, I noted it, along with the fact that they were rerated as destroyers during the interwar period. The reason for including them in a linear narrative is fine to the fact that the Two lines of Italian development varied from each other, but not by the substantial amounts that some other nations twin developmental lines did, with speed being maintained in subsequent classes for the most part and the size of the scouts being only just greater than the average contemporary DD.
    2
  3752. I think the music channel may have renamed themselves.
    2
  3753. Yeah, I'm not that good at Imperial to metric conversions, got that bit wrong, apologies :)
    2
  3754. There are a couple of classes on the list :)
    2
  3755. That's just the public list, I stopped adding to it a few months ago, the private list that has all the requests is twice as long :p
    2
  3756. You'd have the convince me 100% she's not battlecruiser first :p In all seriousness, Alaska is a bit weird in that you can make perfectly legitimate arguments for both.
    2
  3757. Why hello there :)
    2
  3758. Virtually every major USN ship took part in Operation Magic Carpet, at the end of the war to take all the troops shipped out over years back in as short a time as possible.
    2
  3759.  @chemputer  I think it's a photo in a frame, so it might be the glass in the frame, or possibly the photo got stuck to the glass in sunlight.
    2
  3760. USS Oregon
    2
  3761. Many, unless you use it haunt the captain :)
    2
  3762. In accordance with the ancient tradition. :)
    2
  3763. Back then you could start working much earlier and it was also something of a hold over from earlier times, basically it was to try and get people trained to their roles fully by the time they reached adulthood.
    2
  3764. You'll love next year then :D
    2
  3765.  @Caratacus1  The gun crews were designed to account for casualties reducing numbers and other factors such as rough weather or fatigue. You can fight a gun pretty effectively with around half a dozen people, but you will wear them out a lot faster and casualties in a fight will drop those number below operational levels pretty quickly. Accounts from the period show it could be done for a short period with high effectiveness, for example at Cape St Vincent the RN line was able to deliver rapid broadsides against both the weather and lee formations of the Spanish ships. On the other hand it also meant you were being fired on by two or more ships. Thus, whether or not placing yourself in a position to have to fight both sides of the ship or not was situational. In a drawn out fight like the Nile, it would be a disaster, and more generally is was bad because you were being shot at by twice the guns, but in a short sharp engagement where you would gain a tactical advantage as a result, such as at Cape St Vincent it was a risky, but valid, strategy. Also, when you significantly outmatched your enemies, this could be effective.
    2
  3766. I was trying to say the unnamed nations were minor :)
    2
  3767. Indeed :)
    2
  3768. It's more like its much easier for me to simply blitz tour Europe now as opposed to having to wait weeks and pay £60-80 per country per visa.
    2
  3769. Always happy to learn
    2
  3770. Not so much, the ships were designed for shallow water Operations already, and alternations to the ships for British service cancelled out most of any buoyancy advantages they provided. :)
    2
  3771. Minor Pedantic Nitpick - I did say 'generally', not 'completely'. :) But you do raise a perfectly valid point, although the navy preferred to crew HM ships with naval personel, where they could not spare or did not have the expertise available for key roles then merchant crew would be retained as was the case of your father. Glad to hear he survived!
    2
  3772.  @kemarisite  Yes, that is exactly correct :)
    2
  3773. The latter, ie 20 degrees from going on its side
    2
  3774. Gunfire support would have been welcome, as would more SAM's assuming modernisation
    2
  3775. All views are welcome, especially from long-time subscribers.
    2
  3776. The original concept for the Invincible class was a "dreadnought (all big gun) armoured cruiser". Their role was to rapidly scour the seas of enemy cruisers who might go on raiding missions. The Battle of the Falkland Islands represents them in their original role as cruiser killers. However, as cruisers also provided the fleet screen and the new ships had battleship grade guns, they were pulled into fleet battle roles they weren't actually designed for. Conversely, since the German battlecruisers were built in response to the British ships, they were always designed with fighting peer opponents in mind.
    2
  3777. The Tennessee comparison is fair, but Hood was a pre-Jutland design laid down in 1916, Colorado and Nagato were post-Jutland designs laid down in 1917 onwards. Ironically Hood was better protected than Nagato.
    2
  3778. From what I've heard she would be repairable if they had an appropriately sized dock. Unfortunately, that dock is the one that sank. So it's either no repairs, build a new dock, or send it overseas for repair.
    2
  3779. Ironically I was planning to film exactly this video aboard the ship
    2
  3780. Fuso and Yamashiro. Wyomings as well
    2
  3781. That was done in the shipyard to lighten the ship, not battle damage.
    2
  3782. It's a 1:350 scale, so it's about 3ft long 😀
    2
  3783. Model didn't come with them 😀
    2
  3784. Anything that was design finalised before the starr of ww2 is allowed
    2
  3785. It is on the list :)
    2
  3786.  @schrodingerscat6437  yeah, 4-5 pages
    2
  3787. Its on the list, albeit a bit of the way down.
    2
  3788. Pretty much all the material needed for building merchant ships themselves could be sourced in the UK. And yeah, a number of RN ships were 'victims' of dud German torpedoes, picked Ark Royal as a major example to demonstrate the impact.
    2
  3789. Hopefully next month
    2
  3790. She's in my top ten, and would easily make a list of ships from the modern era, but when faced with all of time to get ships from...
    2
  3791. Perhaps, but it also would've made tabulating it all 12 times longer...
    2
  3792. Precisely :D
    2
  3793. I left them at equal importance, because it would otherwise be too easy to be tempted to tweak importance weightings to my own ideas as opposed to remaining objective. :)
    2
  3794. Most of the problems were with the turret as opposed to the gun, and whilst there were a few issues with the gun itself, they'd been resolved by WW2.
    2
  3795. Indeed
    2
  3796. I was so close, but asked a friend what he thought of one first, he decided it looked like something he couldn't begin to understand (esp the label 'solidius') so I thought I'd leave it out :)
    2
  3797. It followed a similar idea, but due to using non-optimised weapons it could have a more random result and the bombs used generally didn't carry quite as much boom as Highball.
    2
  3798. Most ships that reached WW2 were turbine engines from the start, but the switch to oil did also make a different. However, the majority of ships that survived the cull of the Washington Treaty tended to be the more modern, oil/turbine powered ships, so coal/VTE ships were quite the minority.
    2
  3799. At the time the RN was still eyeing the IJN and USN as the main rivals, Renown, Repulse and Hood would've been enough to deal with Germany's navy at the time and so the R's were preferred to be retained as battleline units.
    2
  3800. CVE's are quick to build but would require a lot of crew and aircraft relative to utility to maintain on peacetime.
    2
  3801. I picked the list based on the following: 1) How large an impact did they have? (EG losing a squadron is less serious than losing a fleet) 2) Was there a strategically viable alternative? (EG the French could've stayed in harbour and avoided Trafalgar without changing much) 3) How obvious/in keeping with practice in their service were the alternatives? (EG, the Japanese admiral had a textbook example of exactly what not to do, then went and did it anyway) 4) If they made mistakes, did they continue repeating them or correct them (Halsey for example wouldn't have made the list if he didn't also run his fleet through Viper, Beatty would avoid the list if he'd fired Seymour after Dogger Bank etc)
    2
  3802. A number of ships were technically commissioned after, the Iowa's were decommissioned and recommissioned a number of times for example. Jean Bart is an odd one, officially not commissioned as a battleship until 1949, but was in action and then serving as an accommodation ship before the end of ww2, so technically in service.
    2
  3803. Because Phillips had orders to try and attack the Japanese invasion, which he tried to do with the forces on hand. It went dramatically wrong, partially due to Phillips mistakes, partly due to technological malfunctions, partly due to strategic errors in sending Force Z in the first place, and partially due to nobody guessing just how capable the Japanese aircraft were. Conversely, Halsey had a job, to guard the Leyte invasion, fell for a decoy and only avoided failing his orders by sheer luck and the stubbornness of Taffy 3. And then, he managed to lead his fleet into typhoons unnecessarily not once, but twice, in each case causing damage and losses that could've been easily avoided. The question wasn't who was in charge for the worst disasters, but who was the worst Admiral. An Admiral can command an utter disaster for their fleet and not be a bad Admiral if other factors simply overwhelm them, and at the same time you can be on the winning side and still be a bad Admiral when you make major unforced errors that get people killed.
    2
  3804.  @bificommander7472  not during the war itself, although the Germans had plans for some and the F7F and Sea Hornet entered device shortly after and the French managed to land a twin engine aircraft on Bearn of all things prior to that. However, the Whirlwind is quite small and light for a twin engine aircraft, it's actually smaller and lighter than many torpedo bombers of the period such as the Devastator and Avenger.
    2
  3805.  @PaulfromChicago  the main thing I use is, 'what is the "do not engage" alternative?' In the French case not engaging would retain a status quo of blockade, which is not an immediate problem. In Craddocks case, refusing to engage means disobeying direct orders and leaving significant merchant shipping lanes vulnerable to attack. Thus, whilst the outcome of engaging was already known to be unlikely to be favourable, Craddock can at least point to a couple of justifiable reasons for going into battle.
    2
  3806.  @MrArtbv  remember that early in the war there was no Italo-Germab war effort. Italy came in only at the end of the fall of France c.9 months after the war started. They had a large on-paper advantage, everyone expected them to advance into Egypt or at absolute worst hold the border. The 10th Army getting taken apart by the Brit's was a shock to everyone and resulted in relatively rapid German action, even with them distracted by other Operations on the continent. In summer 1940 the Germans would have little reason to suspect Italy needed any help, less still any ability to provide it. By the time it became clear something was seriously wrong with the Italian Army leadership, we'd be pretty much back at the original timeline.
    2
  3807. GMT
    2
  3808. I've put it to the vote a few times and people keep voting to keep it 😀
    2
  3809. Couldnt get into the conning tower, turret issue was light, it was quite dark but with light pouring in through the gun ports it made it impossible for the camera to get any decent video.
    2
  3810. I'll have to advise the museum of the above, as I took the record of the ships early combat from their displays :)
    2
  3811. Needs me to practice my Japanese a bit more.
    2
  3812. Yes 😁
    2
  3813.  @baileyd5210  can you pop me an email to this effect
    2
  3814. Italian 12" Duilio and Doria classes :)
    2
  3815. They aren't always present / don't always work. The guards on the 4.5" on Renown were fitted only after the possibility of accident was noticed.
    2
  3816. A lot of the parts could be manufactured in small numbers or replaced by a British equivilant.
    2
  3817.  @davidrenton  oh definitely, De Gaulle was France first, France second and France third, with everyone being a distant fourth. I think it's fair to say that without him France would've been hugely reduced after the war, likely regarded with suspicion as a semi-collaborator country and not welcomed to the top table in the UN. But as you point out, that came at the cost of being extremely difficult for the rest of the Allies to get on with him in almost any situation.
    2
  3818. De Gaulle was very good for the interests of France. :)
    2
  3819. Eventually
    2
  3820. Its British humour, the closer the person, the more good natured jibes you make. :)
    2
  3821. I'll tone the sfx down a few descibels on future videos :)
    2
  3822. He was very private and didn't speak about it much, I only got to learn about him thanks to mutual friends
    2
  3823. It would depend on what exactly was going on and who was aware of it, if a survivor confirmed an legitimate attempt to surrender had been made, and a senior officer ignored it, then it would be a war crime, if it's "something odd over there" only seen by a few crewmen and not confirmed, then it could be anything.
    2
  3824. And yet the evidence was found on the wreck that verified what was reported. Although the turret is long gone there's a big gouge in the deck exactly where the backplate landed. And the survivors from the area reported Bruno was knocked out by a hit to the face at the time Rodney reported the scoring the hit.
    2
  3825. HMS Terror
    2
  3826. A couple of months I think but relatively soon :)
    2
  3827. Might've been the same officer :D
    2
  3828. Yamato didn't have the benefit of anti-torpedo nets, massive smoke generators, dedicated radar and fighter coverage and terrain coverage.
    2
  3829. @benwilson6145  the IJN was absolutely guilty of atrocities and war crimes, but in the race to the bottom it seems the IJA was slightly more enthusiastic.
    2
  3830. I'll have to expand my range of sources in that case, I based my response on a series of cases where slaver ships were brought in and the ship adjudicated for value in relation to prize money whilst the only Admiralty Court notes about the slaves themselves was that they were "discharged ashore"
    2
  3831. As mentioned in another reply, I based my answer on a series of Amdiralty Court documents bit it looks like need to widen the scope of my reading in that regard. :)
    2
  3832. Specie
    2
  3833. I have only enabled skippable ads. If you are seeing an unskippable ad, please let me know.
    2
  3834. Please read thr video description forst next time 😀
    2
  3835. Yep, further units and modified versions were used in the Pacific :)
    2
  3836.  @conservativemike3768  probably email, fiveminuteguides@gmail.com
    2
  3837. Well, I've done the Samar part of it :)
    2
  3838. Indeed :)
    2
  3839. CSS Alabama was laid down the year after Warrior entered service...
    2
  3840. A variety of ideas were tried in trials, clay and dampened wadding being the two most successful. :)
    2
  3841. DJI Mini 2
    2
  3842. It's usually because right before each shot I'd been hauling all the camera equipment though the ship and setting it up 😉
    2
  3843. Indeed
    2
  3844.  @robertsullivan4773  I would recommend: Attack on Pearl Harbor: Strategy, Combat, Myths, Deceptions
    2
  3845. I consider their books.tp be what you'd get as a "level 2" as opposed to starting out :)
    2
  3846. I think the closest to that would be Nelson to Vanguard by DK Brown. It doesn't list all the ships like Conways, but covers all types at least briefly.
    2
  3847.  @d3adriz3r  The Eastern Fleet and the Indian Ocean covers up to the BPF days. The British Pacific Fleet as mentioned in the video picks up from there. :) There are also several journal articles I can send you via email, drop me a discord DM or an email :)
    2
  3848. Trying to build an annealing furnace for a bronze culverin if the middle ages would've been quite the challenge :)
    2
  3849.  CipiRipi00  there are one or two records of a basilisk being mounted as the spinal gun on a large galley or galleas. But it wasn't an especially popular course of action.
    2
  3850.  @bkjeong4302  as much as I can find English language sources for them :)
    2
  3851.  @wulferikgebhardt5312  when I get the script for it finished :)
    2
  3852.  @espadajusta4380  she's almost entirely native, the last Spanish ancestor in her family tree is five generations back, but regardless of that, the facts of the Spanish brutally conquering and subjugating the Inca Empire aren't under dispute, not are the conditions the natives endured in the mines. I've yet to see anyone provide source to an academic work that shows the natives were well treated.
    2
  3853. A small Carrack with a lonely falconet :)
    2
  3854.  @comeslittorissaxonici7395  I could not find a decent photo of a Seafox :(
    2
  3855.  @Jetflash6999  would you care.to drop me a line via discord or email with some more details?
    2
  3856. Delay coils weren't generally used on naval guns unless they identified problems with interference due to the fact that the ship moved so a delay coil introduced inaccuracy as well, it was just a matter of which was worse.
    2
  3857. I'm happy to collaborate with them on a case by case basis, bit I do also want to ensure I have channel independence. :)
    2
  3858. Just a Q&A answer before :)
    2
  3859. The original instructions include when to open valves to unleash fresh refrigerant :D I decided against doing that bit!
    2
  3860.  @josephaskins1996  as long as people are happy to appear :)
    2
  3861. Definitely worth a read, unfortunately as my copy is electronic I couldn't physically show it 😀
    2
  3862. Photo albums
    2
  3863. Despot Inifintus has them out of stock but there was stock on a German bookselling site and some on abebooks at the time of recording.
    2
  3864.  @cathyharrop3348  no, but as a kids show the characters can appear somewhat 'simple' and occasionally dumb to adults. So broadly in the UK to call someone a 'muppet' when used as a pejorative basically translates into "a bit of an idiot who should know better".
    2
  3865. In the UK it is 😀
    2
  3866.  @barbararice6650  Youtube seems to hate links :D
    2
  3867. I'm always on the hunt for new books 😀
    2
  3868. It's up now :)
    2
  3869. I can only answer so many questions per episode. Production time for an episode of the Drydock is already quite long, if I had more time I could answer more questions but in the end I can't make a 4-5 hour drydock every weekend.
    2
  3870. Yeah, a pair of fast-launching Zero's from Hiryu
    2
  3871. Type 95 torpedo, a 21inch derivative of the Type 93 Long Lance found on surface ships :)
    2
  3872. USNI or Amazon, although to be clear Steve McLaughlin is the author, I simply helped ensure it was reprinted :)
    2
  3873. If you can find me in the museum, feel free to say hi in any circumstance other than if I'm clearly in the missile of filming something :)
    2
  3874. Very much so :)
    2
  3875. 'tis on the list
    2
  3876. The Royal Navy seems to have an aversion to 'C' turret.
    2
  3877.  @majesticfeet1  it's a good starting place, some of the larger and older books are really good basic references
    2
  3878. She has a very interesting story, but it turns out more people gave heard about her :)
    2
  3879. Quickr made a couple of settings changes and sent another email
    2
  3880. Her class is on the list :)
    2
  3881. I think the Korean's might disagree :D
    2
  3882.  @elizabethopoulos4894  unfortunately that would've required redesigning most of the rest of the exploder and the warhead, so it could be done in the future but not with pre-existing torpedoes.
    2
  3883. The ship itself is pre1950. :)
    2
  3884. shrug it's the label on the video on the US National Archives, entirely possible it's the earlier battle though. :)
    2
  3885. Should have been "island bases"
    2
  3886. That would tally with serving on Furious
    2
  3887. added to the list
    2
  3888. Courtesy flag as she's in an American port
    2
  3889.  @minimax9452  the government leaving was a naval matter as they left on a cruiser. Also, the Norway campaign cost the Kriegsmarine much more dearly than you suggest to accomplish their goals. As well as Blucher they lost two out of three deployed light cruisers (1/3rd of the entire light cruiser force), 10 destroyers (about half the entire destroyer force) as well as serious damage to the only two operational battleships (the Scharnhorsts). That put the Kreigsmarine as a serious disadvantage for future operations as they went from a serious problem for the Home Fleet to a force a cruiser squadron and escorts could overwhelm in the course of a single campaign. The Germans achieved their objectives in Norway, but it was in no way a total success, and in many ways an utter disaster for the Kriegsmarine.
    2
  3890. The video covers an entire class of heavy cruiser in just over five minutes. Analysis of the political ramifications of a given (primarily land based) campaign are beyond the scope of such a video.
    2
  3891. I use Imperial units where they are applicable (IE most commonly used in the various sources in question). I apologise if my use of the units the ships were described with at the time is somehow offensive.
    2
  3892.  @1425363878  Pre-refit the early Counties had 4" boxes around the magazines, after the refits, whilst variations occurred depending on the ship, most refitted vessels had a continuous 4.5" citadel belt. Later Counties had a continuous thinner belt (c.3.5"), again with variations on the theme, London was a bit of a special case with a near-full and not entirely successful rebuild, so to a degree it depends on exactly which County you compare to the Hipper. :)
    2
  3893. Likelyna combination of abysmal range and background scatter from Save itself.
    2
  3894.  @icewaterslim7260  the transports were supposed to leave the following morning, do Mikawa continuing would have sunk the transports and a lot of valuable supplies. The unloading still wasn't finished and they ended up departing even later, the confusion of which led to the probably unneeded scuttling of the Canberra.
    2
  3895. I put them in order in a playlist if that helps :)
    2
  3896. Every carrier air Corps started out small, the capacity of Hosho, Akagi and Kaga was not dissimilar to Langley, Saratoga and Lexington. The IJN had a degree of attrition before the RN and USN thanks to the Sino-Japanese War, and the fundamental changes needed to gear up for a war need to be implemented or at least prepared before war breaks out. Making changes after late 1941 is too late.
    2
  3897. If you pay attention you'll notice I actually covered pretty much all those points.
    2
  3898. @Elton Söderström Ericsson sadly no :)
    2
  3899.  @spectreQ  at the time I was at the right age I was going to have laser eye surgery, and they had more than enough recruits, so could be very picky. By the time that was all sorted I was too old for regular sign up and had another career going.
    2
  3900. The best form of support for a ship is to be in the water as long as the hull is in decent shape. Long term dry-berthing in an appropriate support cradle can also work but is expensive to transit over to.
    2
  3901. The point I was making was not so much about taking the DEI directly or not but vulnerability, leaving the Phillipines unoccupied basically puts a knife at the throat of your newly acquired supply lines.
    2
  3902. The English still made a number of amphibious landings as these delivered them to their target areas more easily. Eg Henry V landing near Harfleur rather than at Calais.
    2
  3903. We were looking at the defences, not so much the ships used to attack them. :)
    2
  3904. When I can visit some :D
    2
  3905. That's the theory for well equipped forts certainly. However, most forts weren't well equipped with either heavy guns or portable forges for red hot shot, so in general practice a heavy ship like a first rate or a collection of smaller ships could overwhelm them. Certainly there were a few far more formidable emplacements, bit they were relatively rare.
    2
  3906.  @c182SkylaneRG  That's a US cruiser, there is supposed to be a fair old chunk of bow, but it got hit by a Japanese torpedo and the bow took early retirement. Saving the ship was massive damage control efforts shoring up the bulkheads and then carefully and slowly heading for a safe port :)
    2
  3907. This is false, the "Handy Billy", the most common portable pump aboard USN ships in WW2, was petrol powered.
    2
  3908. Ideally they'd use single timbers, but if those weren't available they'd use iron bands to fix a bunch of smaller timbers together to form a mast.
    2
  3909. I did a video on USS Franklin showcasing AmericanDamage control and another on Taiho, but much of both were situational to the event, this one seeks to compare and contrast the larger trends that led to the two outcomes.
    2
  3910. There's a chapter marker built in :)
    2
  3911. Can only be used in anti-surface or anti-aircraft roles, not both.
    2
  3912. The original request asked for a top 5, so I had to pick 5 ships. :)
    2
  3913.  @tonyennis1787  model / to scale replica
    2
  3914. The gun shields swung up in such a way that you couldn't have both up at once, so you'd fire the guns in alternating sequences, which meant one was always back in the turret with the shutter down :)
    2
  3915. It doesn't show up for me?
    2
  3916. If people ask
    2
  3917. There is also the body of the missile, which was something people didn't really think would be an issue until incidents like the Falklands. An the Silkworm is pretty much a small aircraft.
    2
  3918. Yep, sorry for the mix-up
    2
  3919. Not a problem with is so much as it's technological hybrid between wooden ships and iron ships, between that and a couple of specific design issues, it has a number of issues that are detrimental to it's combat effectiveness compared to what you would think based on paper stats.
    2
  3920. That's weird, the audio levels showed similar to normal recordings for me 😓
    2
  3921. As a neutral power the US would have to limit the time and activities of Russian ships in its ports. Plus its doubtful the Russians could have all made it across the Pacific.
    2
  3922. It's a mix, Beatty did order some signals sent, and these were often messed up by a combination of Beatty and Seymour, other times when orders should've been sent Beatty just flat out didn't send them or sent the most unhelpful versions. For example, he was supposed to tell Jellicoe when he found the enemy fleet. Of course this is supposed to include where/when/course/speed/strength etc. At first he sent nothing, then eventually sent the naval equivalent of "Fighting enemy lol, BRB", and it was 2nd LCS who had to actually tell everyone something useful about the contact.
    2
  3923. Scapa 1919 is a weord one because its a hostile power keeping the other side contained, its not regular internment which is down by a neutral power
    2
  3924. Sorry, I must've gotten carried away with the first part!
    2
  3925.  @jamesb4789  well, a nice order and a fair bit of money to re-enable things :)
    2
  3926. I imagine the lungs as well
    2
  3927.  @LiveErrors  Just under 2100.
    2
  3928. The black-white-red flag is the flag of Germany at the time of events described in the video
    2
  3929. Sure, email me :)
    2
  3930. There is a robo-voice video specifically on Agincourt, it will be rejoiced to human next week.
    2
  3931. Welcome aboard!
    2
  3932. Sure, email the channel :)
    2
  3933. Baltimore being Treaty free manages to get a decent primary and secondary battery plus decent speed plus decent armour. Algeria is still competitive, but Balti.ore has one additional hundred and a better AA suite.
    2
  3934.  @charliehansen6584  in the summer :)
    2
  3935. Indeed, the point I was trying to make was that if all the pistons were aligned, then there would be a point where there was no force being transmitted, the offset prevents this :)
    2
  3936. I think that is a gerbil
    2
  3937. There's an entire long video dedicated specifically to the Sydney on the channel...
    2
  3938. There is about a ten minute section in one of the Drydock episodes covering it :)
    2
  3939. Yeah, it was the only decent res picture of the 100mm I could find.
    2
  3940. Eventually :)
    2
  3941. It's an archaic spelling for the same thing, I was going to use the modern spelling then found another YouTube channel already using it, so didn't want to step on toes.
    2
  3942. They are due soon
    2
  3943. I liked the name :)
    2
  3944. It's a Text to speech voice called Daniel :)
    2
  3945. USN interwar fleet exercise, from the US National Archives, I can dig up the relevant film reference number if you like?
    2
  3946. Indeed, I probably didn't quite express the idea I was trying to convey there properly :)
    2
  3947. I think you're on the wrong channel mate
    2
  3948. The Mk7's in WW2 were used in a combination, you'd have rails facing aft where most of them were launched from, but you'd also have K and Y gun launchers that sent the charges over the sides, the K gun fired one direction, the Y gun fired port and starboard and so needed to be on the centreline. For example, a Black Swan class sloop would lay a pattern of 10 depth charges, 6 from the aft rails and 3 on each side from launchers :)
    2
  3949. Yes, but it depends where they are. Rough seas for a sub on or near the surface are awful beyond almost anything you'll find on a surface ship. However, depending on the subs test depth, the depth of the water and the intensity of the storm, they can ride out storms by simply going deep and waiting.
    2
  3950. They're on the list :)
    2
  3951. British Avengers had to be specifically modified to fit in RN carrier hangars, with the Shokaku I assumed default USN spec Avengers.
    2
  3952.  @johnculver2519  yes, the ability for it to play was granted after 48 hours when the challenge went unanswered, but I cannot earn anything from it until the full time expires, and as you probably know a video with monetization restricted doesn't get pushed by the YT algorithm, I'm less concerned about the money side but more that if I release it now, very few people will get to see it.
    2
  3953. It's usually backlog :)
    2
  3954. Software doesn't show by default but I will feature submitted artwork in an upcoming video.
    2
  3955.  @scottygdaman  yeah the main hull and what's left of the superstructure have had pretty extensive surveys :)
    2
  3956. Pop a question in the pinned post thread and I'll answer the question when I catch up to this Drydock when making the next one :)
    2
  3957. Dammit, got carried away with thame second bit!
    2
  3958. I took that picture back in 2022 :)
    2
  3959. Would've survived better than a Town class cruiser :D
    2
  3960. Interesting, in the 1930s there's a lot of period correspondence in the UK shipyards talking about how welding can't be adopted at the level some contracts ask for die to a lack of skilled welders and the time it takes to train them vs taking on apprentice riveters.
    2
  3961. Because I'm British
    2
  3962. Night-fighter equipped versions :)
    2
  3963. Once it was fixed, it reaped a heavy toll, but just imagine what they could've done in the first two years if it was working then...
    2
  3964. It's entirely possible to have a faulty contact detonator, as explained in the video, the Mk14 travelled faster than the Mk10, a detonator that coped with Mk10 impact levels would failed in the new torpedo, but if the higher ups prevent any actual tests due to the cost of the weapon, you won't find that out until its too late.
    2
  3965. Depends on the speed of the torpedo, the grade of the net and if the torpedo had a net cutter fitted.
    2
  3966. I think it was a case of "If we can't have it no-one can!"
    2
  3967. The Operations Room would have to be persuaded to create them first :D
    2
  3968. I'll definitely be making an announcement before any travel to Malta :)
    2
  3969. It's just the screen-names people choose, sometimes people edit their names over time so there are variations :)
    2
  3970. Yeah, I meant not as close to windward as fore-to-aft sails.
    2
  3971. The dock is flooded and everything moved forward by just over a block length, then drained again to get at the bits that were covered up :D
    2
  3972. I'm pretty sure we can track down some of the Wisconsin veterans who were there. :D
    2
  3973. Thanks!
    2
  3974. Soon (TM)
    2
  3975. Very true, the honest answer is that after rigging and mounting the sails on all the ships I didn't want to have anything further to do with them for a while! :D Plus, the natural mounting points for most of the flags would have them point backward, which I'm sure would generate a lot of rage :D I might go and install the flags now for future videos though :)
    2
  3976. I beleive it's on the list, albeit somewhat far down
    2
  3977. I could've sworn it was on the list, if not, I'll add it :)
    2
  3978. The question was about Allied subs in the Pacific, in that context the Britosj and Dutch subs were smaller than the American ones, so were sent into shallower waters. The Type VII is irrelevant to the question as the Type VII was not an Allied sub nor in the Pacific. 😀
    2
  3979. Please see the latest community post.
    2
  3980. Can't, please see the most recent community post
    2
  3981. Occasionally where the original is very small and blurry
    2
  3982. Sorry, I was referring to his son, Pompey Sextus, who annoyingly is also usually abbreviated to Pompey. 😀
    2
  3983. Marlborough did ok after being hit by a torpedo, Audacious' loss was more down to failings in damage control than fatal flaws in the design of the ship itself.
    2
  3984. At the start of the last long Drydock :)
    2
  3985. The break point does seem to suggest a sudden shock was responsible, there should be more vertical impact damage and twisting from a seabed impact if that's how it went away, but you are right in that we don't 100% know for sure.
    2
  3986. True to a degree but there is only so much ocean, a cruiser with enough speed could usually expect to run to a friendly port or fleet before it ran out of fuel
    2
  3987. Eivind Helgetun go for it :)
    2
  3988. Confused Blue Dragon at this rate we will have another competition soon, it will have a video explaining the rules :)
    2
  3989. Thedreadnoughtproject website will probably have such a list :)
    2
  3990.  @thegeneralmitch  No idea :D YT's anti spam/hate bot is surprisingly good at catching the stuff it's supposed to, but because of that I think it's a bit over-sensitive and can grab things it shouldn't
    2
  3991. Because it's a great show :)
    2
  3992. I've specifically selected skippable ads only, andonly at the beginning. If you are getting unstoppable ones let me know
    2
  3993. Such as?
    2
  3994.  @locutas1024  it was the best reference image at half-decent res that I could find that illustrated the principle, even if it didn't use ships.
    2
  3995.  @Krinje  the point I was trying to make is that if you are going 20knots from a to b then in one hour you'll go 20nmi, but if you have a major side current you travel the hypotenuse, which means you might travel 20nmi, but because your gone 20nmi at say 30 degrees your direct line of travel is less than 20nmi.
    2
  3996. They're just to the NW of Hawaii so make easy to access stand-ins for Wake or Midway if you flip the map and play on a reduced scale.
    2
  3997.  @evanceaicovschi7230  https://youtu.be/vj5nwmBHK7Q
    2
  3998. I haven't done the next one yet :)
    2
  3999. It was rapidly adopted, although the very earliest used the 'light-insert-fire' method
    2
  4000.  @Christopher-N  There is one in the Mary Rose museum, when I get a chance to film there I'll make sure to pick it out for mention. There are ways to make them work, but the time when they were in use for artillery was a time when they were still trying to work out what worked best.
    2
  4001. Funny comments bring joy!
    2
  4002. It's theoretically possible, but would require so many dominoes to fall in the right order that it was somewhat more of a theoretical possibility compared to some of the 'live' decisions he had to make as commander of Force H
    2
  4003. Hence why I was on the fence about a 1v1, the difference is the dozen destroyers on the RN side tipping the odds.
    2
  4004. Not yet, more sub content upcoming in 2019!
    2
  4005. They're on the list, we'll get to them eventually :)
    2
  4006. Sounds like the K class :)
    2
  4007. Often the vents for the forced draught were at the base of the funnel, so a hit could still be a problem :)
    2
  4008.  @ZaraTheFemboy  at some point, possibly for both London Treaties as they are modifications to the much more extensive Washington Treaty
    2
  4009. Oh but you can... 😀
    2
  4010. It's how they would've shot at the time
    2
  4011. Fuso and Yamashiro were not fast battleships
    2
  4012. Oh the naval food episode will come anyway :D
    2
  4013. They're a more balanced design, but they're also smaller and lighter than the Tribal's, a J/K etc using the same size hull as a Tribal would be able to carry even more weaponry :)
    2
  4014. I personally feel that going overboard in criticism weakens arguments in two way, firstly, it means parts of your criticism can be proven factually wrong and that calls into question the rest. Secondly, it dilutes the times genuine criticism is warranted. The RN has plenty of outright failures, HMS Captain, the Courageous class as gun-vessels, Beatty, keeping far too many old ships around in the late 19th century, the Indefatigable class, most of the 5.25" guns career, the FAA being absorbed into the RAF for most of the inter-war period, etc, etc. And those should be brought up and rightly examined. But then going and trying to pretend that all British BC's and fragile tinderboxes, that all British carrier aircraft were unadulterated rubbish, that the pom-pom or HACS was a complete failure etc is not only factually incorrect, it falls into the same problem as talking down your enemy. IE, "If the British were that bad, how on earth did they win?"
    2
  4015.  @USBDriveNo2  yes :)
    2
  4016. There were 3-4 of them available at any time, which might change their minds. The alternative would've been to either pull out (don't see the IJN doing this), commit Yamato (possible, but she was still new) or send the majority of their available battleship firepower, knowing the RN could disengage at will from the slower ships (seems a bit pointless).
    2
  4017. Sure
    2
  4018. I'm sure that'll start an 'active discussion' when it drops into the slot for a Drydock answer :)
    2
  4019. Early on in the war, there were issues getting air cover in place on both sides, the historical ADBA force for example was untroubled by Japanese aircraft until after the battle, owing to poor weather blocking the Japanese aircraft from getting all the way there. I also suspect that at least one carrier would've made it there during the 3 month gap
    2
  4020. Because it wasnt there?
    2
  4021. That's how it's listed in the records
    2
  4022. Prince Philip :)
    2
  4023. Torpedo net booms :)
    2
  4024. Texas is a couple of months down the line on the list but it is coming!
    2
  4025. A bit more for the last-gen AC's, but they followed a completely different design process that doesn't directly compare to the line of cruisers developing in the early 1920's. :)
    2
  4026. Yes, a few Drydock's back :)
    2
  4027. There's a fixed version linked in the pinned post :)
    2
  4028. Fixed version - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RSA4UE1FNm0
    2
  4029. Not yet specifically, although I did cover it with Vince O'Hara as part of Operation Torch
    2
  4030. Fixed version - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RSA4UE1FNm0
    2
  4031. Fixed version - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RSA4UE1FNm0
    2
  4032. Yep, caused some tension in France after the war.
    2
  4033. sure, it's on the list
    2
  4034. It's not bad, it's just that because the Flower's were relatively small, they're one of the few 20th century ships you can get in under 1:100 scale, and as such Snowberry shows up in almost every model shop :D
    2
  4035.  @antonyduhamel1166  because I've split off a whole script on Canadian Tribal class for another video :)
    2
  4036. 8 pints :)
    2
  4037. Calorie count came from another book on 16th century beer and ale :)
    2
  4038. Different companies seem to have a given letter depending on the type of aircraft being procured.
    2
  4039. Well, they're not markedly faster than their generation of battleship :)
    2
  4040. You could cut it with period tools, you'd either have to shape it green or just go through a lot of tools
    2
  4041. She needed three months of repairs, she was able to back to sea with less, but major repairs were still needed to her powerplant, which limited her speed
    2
  4042.  @merrypippin8319  yep pretty much, it was the damage to the engines that would take the longest to fix, hence Yorktown's lower speed later on.
    2
  4043. She indeed was crash-repaired and put back into action, but the damage she took needed 3 months to repair, she wasn't fully operational when sent back out and this may contributed to her loss.
    2
  4044. There are some rather... partisan... parties in the overall discussion. :)
    2
  4045. 'The Last Warrior', channel link in the description.
    2
  4046. It sounds like you are thinking of Typhoon Cobra, which affected mainly light carriers, the typhoon I was referring to was a later one when the British Pacific Fleet was present, that one did damage a number of US fleet carriers, see the link for what happened to USS Hornet (Essex class) (https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/wp-content/uploads/zIRHvyb.jpg). Whilst US aircraft could carry a heavy bomb payload (much higher than average for carrier aircraft), they typically did not use this entire payload, usually taking a single 1,000lb bomb or sometimes more 500lb bombs (see Midway, where most of the hits on the IJN carriers were 500lb bombs). Very rarely if ever did they carry their full payload capacity. Torpedo's weighed more, but that's why torpedo bombers were generally bigger and slower and didn't engage in dive bombing attacks. With regards to the air-group, the use of aircraft is relevant to the overall strike power, a ship that carries many spares but can't fly them at the same time as the operational aircraft needs to have that noted, otherwise there are sudden apparent discrepancies between aircraft carried and aircraft used in a strike. In this context it's important to note because the lack of armoured flight decks meant in turn US hangers could be taller which is what allowed them to carry the spares in the first place, which is an advantage to their air group capacity. Pretty sure I did mention the Essex had an armoured hanger deck, I mentioned it whilst explaining why it's sectional density was similar to the British carriers whilst Yorktowns was so much lighter. The 'near misses' by bombs are relevant because they also caused damage to the ships affected, which in turn would affect the time they needed for repairs, the information is included so as not to present a potentially misleading idea of a certain number of direct hits only causing a given amount of time in dock for repairs. Light weapons such as the 20mm were useful during most of the war but considered as obsolete towards the end of the war since their range and hitting power was not considered sufficient to down kamikazes etc far enough out, with a lot of ships trading in 20mm for more 40mm wherever possible in 1944/45.
    2
  4047. That contributed to their greater overall strike packages.
    2
  4048. At some point I'll cover the air groups, but it comes under carrier use doctrine, which is a slightly different subject.
    2
  4049. Because it didn't happen. It's a myth put about by a single poorly written and researched essay.
    2
  4050. With Franklin I found many conflicting accounts, some say the attacker was a Judy, some say a Val, some say the aircraft escaped, others say it was shot down, still others say it followed it's bombs into the ship (whether intentionally or not). It's quite difficult to sort through them all to establish anything beyond "was attacked by aircraft, was hit, big explosion." With regards to the British carriers, there isn't much of any evidence I can find that the ships had underlying structural issues after the war. There were some issues caused by rushed repairs, ships being worn out through use and in Illustrious' case recurring vibration issues as mysterious as Warspites random steering problems throughout its life after Jutland, but nothing that was out of the ordinary that couldn't have been fixed with the appropriate amount of funding allocated (money of course being the main problem). Certainly nothing indicating the ships were permanently warped or crippled due to their design.
    2
  4051. Yes, however, the repairs she needed would've needed 3 months, she got the basics repaired and sent back out, but she wasn't fully operational.
    2
  4052. IJN carriers are their own special category. I left them out here because the specific debate that triggered a request for the video was comparing USN and RN carriers. I will at some point cover IJN carrier design, since they tried for both.
    2
  4053.  @cadengrace5466   Caden Grace  Victorious was in the best condition and was a testbed for upgrading the others. It was a hugely mismanaged program and changed several times mid-program, resulting in huge cost overruns that meant trying it again wasn't worth it. However, the armoured flight deck warping the rest of the structure is as I said an unsupported and inspired myth found in none of the major authorities on WW2 carriers. The RN at that point had a number of more modern carriers it could also convert. The main criteria that prevented the other WW2 armoured carriers from getting upgrades aside from the costs of Victorious were machinery wear and tear and more importantly hanger height. The newer carriers had taller hangers which could operate newer aircraft. As a result, most of the WW2 fleet carriers spent 15-20 years as training carriers instead. With regards to Franklin and Intrepids bomb and kamikaze hits, British carriers could and did survive the same kind of strikes in far better condition, precisely because the armoured flight deck kept the damage away from the hanger and other vulnerable areas. Even mid-war the USN's own reports were pointing out these advantages. That isn't to say the armoured carriers didn't have disadvantages, they definitely did, but the ones your describe are not any of them.
    2
  4054. The armoured deck causing write-offs due to structural damage is a myth put about by an old article on navweaps that couldn't even get the basic facts straight. British flight decks stopped a number of bombs, shells and kamikazes. A number of IJN and USN carriers were lost or nearly lost precisely because bombs came into the flight deck and detonated, setting off the fuel and explosives on all the aircraft present, so they definitely weren't safe. Moreover, neither Glorious nor Hermes were armoured, they predated the armoured flight deck designs by about 15 years. Illustrious was penetrated by a 2200lb bomb, but the armoured flight deck saved her, ensuring the bomb detonated high in the ship and didn't fatally compromise the ship, as compared to say Yorktown losing most of its power plant to a single bomb a quarter the weight.
    2
  4055. Hello, thanks for the long reply! With regards to AA armament, the examination at that point was related to the design and concept behind each type of ship. As such, the designed AA suite is the fair comparison, later additions in wartime refits reflect only on later responses to threats, and don't have a bearing on the design and concept behind each type of carrier. And in any case, both types of carrier received many Oerlikon and Bofors mounts during that war, often varying in number and balance on a per carrier basis. The analysis of the pom pom vs Bofors was due to the lack of tracer in the formers ammo locker at the time, not overall ability to down aircraft, in that respect the USN themselves found the 2lb pom pom almost as good as the Bofors when tested against each other. With regards to bomb types, the decks of the British carriers were rated against SAP and AP bombs up to a give weight, which thus covers the vast majority of comparable scenarios. It should be noted that even 'mere' kamikaze GP loadouts were capable of getting through to the hangers of American carriers. A number of British carriers were hit with strike waves ready on deck, yet their damage was not as severe, and whilst Formidable was left with few aircraft, many US carriers hit were left with fewer or none as well as hundreds dead. Formidable was also the only armoured carrier scrapped immediately after the war, due to a range of wear and damage, not just the kamikaze attacks. It was still repairable, it just wasn't economic at the time. Focusing on it would be like arguing the Yorktowns were failures because two were sunk and Enterprise was likewise scrapped right after the war. Torpedo damage is a separate issue to the armoured deck design hence why it wasn't covered in this video. Also, the number of armoured carriers that were torpedoed is... Small... Making a comparison somewhat difficult. Fuel and range again is outside the scope on analysing the armoured deck concept, although I'd note as per the video that the Essex class were both significantly larger and newer designs, so direct comparison in those terms is like comparing the P-51 and the P-36.
    2
  4056. IJN carrier doctrine will have it's own video eventually :)
    2
  4057. Yorktown was estimated to need 3 months to fully repair (initial estimates were 2 weeks, she was given 2 days and analysis undertaken during those 2 days reckoned some of the damaged engine parts would need complete replacement rather than patching), she was rushed back out for Midway but without her engines fully operational and thus repairs not yet complete. The Yorktown was, at the time of the torpedo attack, still limited in speed and unable to use the full length of the flight deck, however, due to the location of the bomb impact (adjacent to the rear of the island) she was still able to launch fighters from the forward part of the deck, but she wasn't able to conduct full spectrum take off and landing of all aircraft (including torpedo bombers and dive bombers) at the time to the IJN torpedo strikes because of her limited speed and the damage to the deck (which was being patched). After the IJN aerial torpedo strike the ship was out of power, heavily listing, water was entering at hanger deck level and the crew abandoned ship under orders from the captain who had come to the conclusion the ship was doomed. Although she was brought under tow the next day, the efforts made after she remained afloat overnight only reduced her list from 26 to 24 degrees, she was pretty much a loss at that point, the torpedoes from the sub the next day basically sealed her fate, but she wasn't (in my opinion) going to make it anyway.
    2
  4058. The warping thing as far as I can tell originates from one online essay without much in the way of actual primary source evidence. The armoured carriers mostly had good post-war careers as far as their design constraints allowed, the main factor affecting their retirements seem to be more associated with either machinery wearing out or hanger height overly restricting aircraft operation.
    2
  4059. The armoured box made it easier to contain a fire, but at the same time also meant that one that got out of control could do more damage to the ship as a whole. With the American design you were more likely to get large hanger fires in the first place, but they could be easier to manage as long as they didn't get out of control.
    2
  4060. In terms of the ships looked at in the video, the US lot 2 out of 3 Yorktowns vs the British losing Ark Royal. In terms of fleet carriers overall the British also lost Courageous and Eagle to submarines, Hermes to IJN aircraft and Glorious to German surface gunfire, the Americans lost Langley and Lexington to air attack and Wasp to submarine attack.
    2
  4061. It's one of the better photo's of the hanger decks :)
    2
  4062. Yep
    2
  4063. The reports I read said there was a forge aboard Kormoran by the end that they couldn't control and that it was spreading towards the mine storage area. The explosion would therefore likely have been the sea mines the ship carried cooking off after the crew were away.
    2
  4064.  @badpossum440  'friendly' fire
    2
  4065.  @howardphilipwoodcraft3756  the 5 minute guides are done in chronological order of request (except Patreon ones), I think I've done a few on smaller craft, like the Flower class. :)
    2
  4066. It was posted in the community section as a separate download link
    2
  4067. It's all a learning experience :)
    2
  4068.  @dzheliezniak  can do :)
    2
  4069. The USN specs are very specific, explosive gelatine payload with dynamite as detonator only.
    2
  4070. I save the full range of pictures for the 5 minute guides
    2
  4071. The information on the ships themselves is quite interesting as potted histories of various ships
    2
  4072.  @Coffee_Charly  sure
    2
  4073. I'm not too upset with the idea, it's more there are number of rather significant inconsistencies in the accounts that purport that scuttling was carried out. And I haven't managed to come up with synthesis of accounts that resolves them. The only way to make things fit is assume at least some of the survivors were mistaken or lying, but without any way to check whatever is left of the underside of the ship it would basically be down to personal bias which one you picked.
    2
  4074.  @SquishyZoran  unfortunately not at the moment as the channel hosting the music went away some time ago
    2
  4075. It's called 'The Last Warrior'
    2
  4076.  @lokis2350  https://youtu.be/8nxEuXwXMVY
    2
  4077. I did the Atlanta in robo-voice, it'll eventually return in human voice.
    2
  4078.  @n_amesr_emaina_nnonymous1253  Here you go: https://discord.gg/TYu88mt
    2
  4079. I try to pronounce the rank the way its pronounced in the navy in question
    2
  4080. A man of honour indeed :D
    2
  4081. True, although different navies crew their ships in different ways, so it's possible that a modified La Argentina crewed RN style might have fewer men aboard. :)
    2
  4082.  @MrHowhot  I want to do a multi-part series on the history of the Inca, but I'm not sure where I'd host it or how I'd pay for it :D
    2
  4083.  @kamikazeviking3053  I can cover it at a high level, but I'd need to find more reference books and/or an expert do it in detail.
    2
  4084. The conquest of the Aztec and Inca Empires was quite different, in the Inca case the Spanish managed a pretty rapid decapitation strike but were also able to exploit the divisions caused by the recent civil war (which had also destroyed a good chunk of the Inca Army). This was combined with a massive plague (that is well attested to by all sides and is most likely a combination of European diseases spreading from occupied Central America and brief encounters by early expeditions along the west coast of South America) which killed the previous Inca and the actual heir (and a bunch of the general populace), thus starting the civil war, and much of the population. Pizzaro's Spanish force's broadly were over twice as strong as Cortez's numerically and much better equipped, but the Aztec Empire fell in 3 years, the Inca Empire took 4 decades to subdue and there were both several major rebellions and outright defeat for the Spaniards in several full scale pitched battles (although obviously they won the majority).
    2
  4085. I wonder if any of the authors would be interested in a translation/publication deal?
    2
  4086. What would be your numerical minimum threshold for "mass produced"
    2
  4087. Yeah, the question was specifically German Naval airships. If you want to hear about USN airships though, feel free to ask the question :)
    2
  4088. He was at his core very smart, you don't survive WW1 air battles without that. But his general decision making in WW2, addled by drugs, was generally terrible.
    2
  4089.  @TheNecromancer6666  Given enough warning Eidsvold and Norge were perfectly capable of messing up destroyers laden with troops. In a straight up fight with a Hipper or Lutzow, the smaller Norwegian Coastal Defence ships would be at a disadvantage, but the German ships were all carry troops and on something of a timer, plus there were a lot more destroyers and light cruisers to shoot at, since Glowworm partially dealt with Hipper and Oscarborg dealt with Blucher and Lutzow.
    2
  4090. The Vospers were just as fast, but the Fairmiles made up the majority of British designed MGB's so I use them as the typical benchmark for British speed and armament unless it's a specific engagement using one of the faster types. :)
    2
  4091. Occasionally, but with more varied success rates.
    2
  4092. For the sake of keeping the variables as simple as possible for such a huge engagement, we assumed both sides full strength would be present since accounting for ships in refit on both sides wouldn't materially affect the outcome except for possibly weighing against the Germans as each absent ship is a higher percentage of their overall fleet.
    2
  4093. Apologies, that's an artefact of the wargaming scenario notes where were had to allocate notional allegiances to determine if a ship aground counted as salvageable. The answer to that for the Netherlands was 'no', for both sides, but when I was compiling the notes I remembered Lion went aground and wasn't salvagable so that translated in my head into 'hostile coast.' Again, my apologies for the error
    2
  4094. She was the flagship and so in the middle of the fleet
    2
  4095. A few were considered but ultimately a single gunline maximises firepower and other options have a higher chance of going wrong, even if they have better outcomes in ideal circumstances. In the scenario part that made it into the final video, the original plan was to cross the German T as at Jutland, but the need to try and preseve Lion and Courageous survivors threw the formation further west than planned.
    2
  4096. A very modified system based on General Quarters 2
    2
  4097. Similar result, very different cause. :) HMS Tiger at Jutland showed how much punishment British BC's could take when their magazines weren't exploding.
    2
  4098. Historically the French had basically all their fleet in the Med in 1918, their fleet presence in the Channel amounted to effectively light forces further west, and not integrated into the Grand Fleet command structure.
    2
  4099. The launchers were on the super-firing turrets , so in theory they didn't have to be launched and could stay, no guarantee they'd be intact at the end through :p
    2
  4100. Actually it was Hipper who had the better gunnery and schooled the battlecruisers. Scheers main accomplishment was being outshot by the Grand Fleet and running away.
    2
  4101. I'll get to it eventually :)
    2
  4102. We have a customised morale system where morale acts as modifier towards certain actions. Getting a fleet to follow simple orders is relatively unaffected but morale other than average affects things like the whether or not ships take initiative and how they respond to complex commands and especially dangerous situations. It also means performance like gun accuracy drops faster with fatigue. We artificially raised German morale so they wouldn't just rout at the first sign of trouble, but their lower morale contributed to a number of limitations on what the HSF could do when the commanders tried. For example, it meant the German DD's basically refused to try and do a torpedo run on the Grand Fleet when they saw how badly outnumbered they were by British DD's and CL's. It also disrupted their ability to reconsolidate their lines after they had to turn put of line to avoid crippled ships. Lots of other soft factors as well, but generally not a 'headline' issue, until the end when we got a number of mutinies and surrenders.
    2
  4103. I don't believe so, unfortunately she was stuc in the Black Sea, no way for get to survive running the Med and the Channel to get to the HSF.
    2
  4104. Tyranny of the dice I'm afraid :)
    2
  4105. What's not shown due to time is the mass light cruiser and destroyer brawl that was going on to prevent exactly that :)
    2
  4106. I mention the Royal Navy where they made alterations to the Corsair that then allowed the USN to operate them from the Essex class
    2
  4107. As far as I am aware, neither type was operationally deployed aboard an Essex class carrier.
    2
  4108.  Jonny B  trust me, I would like to use video as well, but the major rights holders for a lot of ww2 footage charge obscene amounts and have nasty lawyers.
    2
  4109. It's from my personal collection, so it may be unique :)
    2
  4110.  @Jimorian  oops 😬
    2
  4111. Can't exactly ask them to shut down the whole ship for me 😀
    2
  4112. Will need to give it a slot on the list if it doesn't already have one.
    2
  4113.  @jetdriver  I think there's a bit on confusion as to the layers of planning, Spruance had to have an idea of what he wanted to do before he sailed, you don't come up with this kind of thing on the fly, and at that point Yorktown was still very much an unknown quantity. So he would've had an attack plan before Yorktowns ability to follow was known. Then we have strategic and tactical planning, overall positioning was indeed mostly Nimitz, and as I noted in the video once Fletcher arrived he gave further detailed position orders both relative to Midway and for the two TF's relative to each other. Again there seems to be some confusion on the levels of planning, Fletcher can order to attack upon detection, but as TF16 was the one in a position to attack, it is still down to Spruance to calculate the distance and bearing to see if such an attack is feasible to launch or if the ships need to move. If the IJN was spotted 400miles away, blindly immediately launching just because the enemy had been spotted would be a suicide mission. Note that I'm not trying to retell Midway in the video as a whole battle, moreso from the position of Spruances point of view and his responsibilities. Once Yorktown was out of action, command responsibility would fall to the next most senior officer capable of exercising it by default, that would be Spruance. Fletcher was then not in a position to be in charge of anything much until he reached a ship from which he could communicate properly, in this case the Astoria. At that point, and much to his credit since running a carrier battle from those limited facilities would be foolhardy at best, he then signals Spruance to effectively take over operational command of the battle. In naval tradition, you conform to the movements of the fleet commander, so while Fletcher still is head of TF17, by such a signal he has effectively flipped his and Spruances positions, both have their respective TF's but Spruance is now in overall command, so after that it is appropriate to speak of the whole US fleet present as Spruances, much as how Nelson and Collingwood led their columns at Trafalgar but the fleet overall is Nelsons. But when Nelson was incapacitated command fell to Collingwood. I'm absolutely not trying to take anything away from Fletcher here, but as I mentioned this video is looking at Spruances point of view and actions, hence why there is also very little mention of Yorktown and her struggle, as that is more appropriate to a larger video on Midway as a battle. Hope that makes sense :)
    2
  4114. Due to the Versailles Treaty German gun manufacturing for big guns, much like most of their heavy naval industry, had been made to atrophy and so the last full scale battleship gun designs they had were the WW1 era 15" and 16.5", these were not seen as suitable for the 1930s but at the time of Scharnhorsts design no new 15" design had been drawn up and thus no such guns could be built in time. The design work on the modern 15" German gun was started around the same time the Scharnhorst design was being finalised.
    2
  4115.  @PsychicalTraumaPL  Military History Visualised and Military Aviation History for specifics on vehicles, aircraft and tactics :)
    2
  4116. I'd recommend 'The Great War' channel, they've done WW1, and are doing WW2 now :)
    2
  4117. Not yet :)
    2
  4118. The only difference is that this video was rendered I mp4 instead of wmv, all other settings were the same 😀
    2
  4119.  @Topher5035   @Topher5035  so you claim Burt, Friedman, Roberts etc are all wrong? The battleship offers stemming from 1909 are interesting but ultimately went nowhere, and are not the origin of either the Australia or New Zealand, both of which stem from the Imperial defence conference and Fishers proposal for fleet units, which NZ couldn't afford, and these discussions are what led to the New Zealand and the RAN fleet unit. Describing Patey as an Admiral of the RAN is accurate, that is the position he was in at the time (1913) where he made representations on ensuring Australia (the ship) actually went to Australia (the country).
    2
  4120. They did keep the guns, but the turrets of a ship like this are part of the barrette, hoist and magazine system. So often it's easier to just remount the gun for a coastal battery.
    2
  4121. The new article that published the photos mentions the guns in place having been cut with torches to prevent salvage and reuse by others, so possibly the guns are being removed to do this in the picture, or new-ish guns are being removed for use elsewhere and older worn out guns were put back for the scuttling. Not entirely sure.
    2
  4122. They are, the game itself is fun and easily adaptable for house rules :)
    2
  4123. When a ship is rated gunports pierced for bow and stern chasers aren't normally counted. :)
    2
  4124.  @ryanaegis3544  the account of the Captain honourably allowing the Americans of the crew not to fight comes from T Roosevelts history of the War of 1812, which is hardly a pro-British source 😀 Likewise the state of the ship, note that I didn't claim the battle would've gone differently if Guerriere had been fully operational, simply that her poor condition meant the battle was over faster and she wasn't in a fit state to be salvaged.
    2
  4125. Probably because I went to look up the original accounts from both sides, Constitutions log and Dacres Court martial :)
    2
  4126. Check out my 'War of 1812 - Freshwater Edition' for the Great Lakes campaigns :)
    2
  4127.  @philoaviaticus  I do try to keep up with the main developments
    2
  4128. The little ones are from Magister Millitum
    2
  4129. I was actually referring to the horrible conditions the forces sent to try and take Quebec etc had to endure over the winter. But Valley Forge is notable as well of course :)
    2
  4130. It depends if you define an empire as 'nation that has an emperor' or 'nation that possesses many lands outside of the homeland which it has taken by conquest etc', I think it's fair to describe 18th century France as an Empire based on the latter definition, since it had plenty of colonies :)
    2
  4131.  @mysss29  indeed, a contemporary flotilla was usually around a dozen, and the Peruvian plan called for 6. :)
    2
  4132.  @Attlanttizz  other way around generally, although modern carriers can launch on both. Also increases deck area for aircraft storage and prep. Wider deck means bigger aircraft can be managed. Fewer accidents as aborted landings go off the carrier and aircraft failing landing into the sea aren't run over by the ship.
    2
  4133. It allows for simultaneous launch and recover of aircraft amongst other things. :)
    2
  4134.  @michaeldobson8859  did you even watch the video?
    2
  4135. If you think you know better than the ships captain and the half dozen members of the ships engineering crew who went on record to outline what they did and why, feel free to do so. I'll take their testimony though.
    2
  4136. 30 capital ships cruiser size and above, 52 destroyers, and numerous other non-combat and smaller craft.
    2
  4137. Fiveminuteguides@gmail.com
    2
  4138. They Royal Navy ave a good go of it in the 18th and 19th centuries! :p
    2
  4139.  @melancholyflapper7027  because even though it is as you point out relatively easy to find these things, the moment you point out accurate measures and techniques in any detail on YT either YT itself comes after you or sooner or later some authority will when some tries to use the video as instructions for making things go boom.
    2
  4140. Nope :)
    2
  4141. It's coming soon
    2
  4142. Thanks to enforced wartime reductions of the Italian, German and Japanese Fleets, the scuttling of the French fleet and Allied aid, plus their own building efforts, the Soviets were the only navy outside of the USN and RN with a) any significant number of capital ships, b) more than a few dozen operational hulls, c) an extensive submarine fleet.
    2
  4143. Actually the naval ensigns/battle flags for all 3
    2
  4144. European rulers are not always clever men.
    2
  4145.  @kingjoe3rd  they quite literally fought a war to be rid of the oversight of the British government and practically five minutes later were asking to enjoy all the commerce protections they had previously enjoyed as part of the British Empire...
    2
  4146. Next time!
    2
  4147.  @alanmcclenaghan7548  some of the only good pictures of Type 1936A destroyers are from one that was taken into USN service after war. :)
    2
  4148. Yes, it's a product of the explosive itself, unused acids from its creation and the stabilising agent all interacting.
    2
  4149.  @aldolny7055  the RN cordite handling instructions go to great length to explain the various temperatures at which different cordite mixes will sweat through the silk bags and how to ideally avoid this.
    2
  4150. Cordite is 58% nitroglycerine and exudes it under certain environmental conditions...
    2
  4151. Love to, unfortunately youtube and various liability laws disagree 😞
    2
  4152. The legal distinction between ingredients and recipie/technique is important.
    2
  4153. There's a huge amount of potential legal implications involved, in case some nutter does something stupid being able to prove you didn't give them the information they used is a significant liability saver.
    2
  4154. Unfortunately for an international audience things have to be a little more restricted, directly mentioning things like ratios of ingredients and precise production methods technically would make you liable if someone then used those "instructions" to produce illegal explosives or use them in some manner that caused harm in a number of countries.
    2
  4155.  @johnphillips1866  I'm not sure what you mean, all Drydock's are one video except the Patreon ones? I can't answer every question unfortunately.
    2
  4156. Maybe they were reading Japanese actions reports :D
    2
  4157.  @TheRealRedRooster  thanks, ironically I used to pronounce it similar to how you indicate but got 'corrected' by someone who ostensibly spoke German :(
    2
  4158. Which picture are you reffering to?
    2
  4159.  @Napalmratte  will check when I back at my PC
    2
  4160. Fiveminuteguides@googlemail.com
    2
  4161. When I was in Den Helder, I spent the better part of 10 minutes trying to get it right with an ex-Dutch Navy Captain, still didn't manage it!
    2
  4162. It's thought to be Invergordon in 1918, the battleship is Erin, the hulk nearest the camera may be the old Triumph.
    2
  4163. Sure why not :)
    2
  4164.  @warhead_beast7661  no, the FAA went back and forth in the interwar period in single vs 2 seat fighters, so there was a body of knowledge on single seat operations even if the Skua and Fulmar interrupted that. Plus FAA pilots who'd flown in the Battle of Britain.
    2
  4165. He seems to have had the start of a good channel, a shame he hasn't been active recently.
    2
  4166. She is covered in the video on the Yamato class, but she doesn't current have her own video.
    2
  4167. Eventually
    2
  4168. Some.sources are common, others are not, see the video description for the main ones used.
    2
  4169. Can add it to the extensive list :)
    2
  4170. Email the channel and I'll send you all of them :)
    2
  4171. He pretty much tried that kind of charge, but with Good Hope and Monmouth being somewhat slow and larger targets, they got shot to pieces before closing the range.
    2
  4172. Yep ribs almost back to full strength now :)
    2
  4173. 'Ding'
    2
  4174.  @kemarisite  A ship that's wholly warlike can be attacked without warning, a munitions ship flying the British flag would qualify, but it's a complex field, the main thing I was trying to do in the video was point out that the amount of munitions aboard did not allow for the attack that sank it. :)
    2
  4175. The declared ammo carried aboard didn't come close to breaching the regulations that would make the ship liable for a sinking without warning, hence, under the rules of war, they have no particular bearing on the validity of the undeclared torpedo strike. This was what I meant by the 'chaff' comment. :)
    2
  4176. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    2
  4177. In most circumstances yes, but if I'm starting a fleet in '45 Renown is in desperate need of a refit, if I could build more/refit Renown etc then I'd take it
    2
  4178. Original source: https://www.history.navy.mil/our-collections/photography/numerical-list-of-images/nara-series/80-g/80-G-100000/80-G-156820-A.html There are plenty of others in the collection there for various ships :)
    2
  4179. https://youtu.be/BoEFjl0buiM
    2
  4180. The Russian Imperial Navy ensign and the Union Jack look almost the same in black and white :)
    2
  4181.  @anchorface9671  I intend to at some point
    2
  4182. Different countries have varying and often odd ways of publishing such data and/or conducting tests. For example even today (and historically) people point to British tank guns seeming to be anemic on penetration, but the standard NATO test that almost everyone else uses is (IIRC) "at this thickness a shell will penetrate 50% of the time", whereas the British use "at this thickness a shell will penetrate 100% of the time", which means that a British 'max pen value' will seem lower because it's the max pen value of a shell that only barely made in past QC and QA, not the max pen of a shell made to spec.
    2
  4183. Unfortunately when it comes to turrets, the differences between a cruiser and battleship grade turret are enough that experience in one doesn't really translate to experience in the other.
    2
  4184. Actually this month's series of French BB's is from a request almost two years ago. :) I have no particular choice on the order they come in :)
    2
  4185. She was back up again a few days later
    2
  4186. 6ft exact, 90kg
    2
  4187. I have a feeling it's a combination of Ryan's mic being tied directing into the recording device at times, and I believe their remote mic is digital, whereas mine was analouge.
    2
  4188. Jonathon Davonger https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KBGxpRvAkfA
    2
  4189. It's a figure that varied year by year, but in 1799 had about 950 ships of all types in commission, of which 650 were rated warships, of which about 250 had at one point been French. Taking account that most British ship losses were weather based, at any given time about 1/4 to 1/3rd of the RN in the Napoleonic Wars was donated by France, less so at the start and at its greatest towards the end.
    2
  4190.  @rohannavalkar112  Bolivia :)
    2
  4191.  @andresmartinezramos7513  nope, British/South American, but the UK retains the 'u' as well
    2
  4192. If they decide they want to do some sort of collar etc I'd more than welcome it. :)
    2
  4193. aerial bombing
    2
  4194.  @caseymuzio7609  It gives more guns for end-on fire and is useful where the machinery/hull constraints don't allow for a centreline amidships turret.
    2
  4195.  @bjturon  to a certain degree, but in the end what they needed was geared turbines to be invented :)
    2
  4196.  @eduardocharlier7560  he actually retracted that later once he had access to more information, and included a lot more information and data in that: http://www.navweaps.com/index_tech/tech-085.php
    2
  4197.  @vikkimcdonough6153  the 3" was a replacement for the 40mm for the most part, so part of the inner defence ring. :)
    2
  4198. Late WW2 and post-WW2 was largely a race in AA terms between stand-off weapons pulling aircraft out of gun range and AA weapons getting longer ranged to try and deal with that.
    2
  4199.  @Thumpalumpacus  indeed, but as mentioned this was a hypothetical 'best case' for the US, so for example instead of turning back Lex was instead ordered to hightail it over to support Sara. :)
    2
  4200. Lexington and Saratoga were both involved in the operation, Saratoga as the actual relief ship and Lexington trying to distract attention from her sister, so both were involved in the operation and at risk. Likewise Lexington could be redirected to support her sister and this constitutes the 'maximal' best case scenario in the event the US decides to proceed once intel on the strength of the IJN formation has been discerned. TF14 had the oiler Neches (which ended up being sunk) and TF11 had the Neosho.
    2
  4201. I think you have to distinguish between naval and general maritime traditions, otherwise technically any navy predates its country :)
    2
  4202. Yeah, it's Tillman IV-2, I did a 5 min guide on them
    2
  4203. You can look at it either way, but if you're working out the impact on the ship you have to consider the logistical tail to the magazines as well
    2
  4204. There are a number of reasons why the ships at have either and apparent or actual speed in excess of their notional top speed, but there are some hard limits in terms of physics and engine power that limit even a theoretical top speed. Power for high speeds increases exponentially, so a ship could run on the high 20's on half power, needing the rest to get past 30 knots. It also depends on loading and sea conditions, a lightly loaded ship in shallow water can vastly exceed it's practical top speed under full war loading in deep water for example.
    2
  4205. Neither side is able to resist the others shells at pre-war battle ranges. It's more an issue of whether many smaller hits or fewer bigger ones will tell first.
    2
  4206.  @moseszero3281  I haven't been able to find a number of sources that agree
    2
  4207.  @deaks25  blanked off, with the corresponding boilers shut down, but able to have the plates removed if extra speed was required.
    2
  4208. It's considered legal to fly a false flag in order to deceive an enemy, but any hostile action has to be done under your own flag, even if you hoist it a second before you open fire.
    2
  4209. They aren't pretend. :)
    2
  4210. Reportedly there was a cameraman in the Grand Fleet who shot 3 hours of footage only to have it all ruined by saltwater infiltration at some point on the return trip! :(
    2
  4211. I think casting any current or former RN serviceman as Beatty is rather cruel :)
    2
  4212. Not involved in this battle
    2
  4213. I'd almost exactly that in part 2 :)
    2
  4214. I'm not sure why you felt the need to post this considering that: 1) Campbell is one of the sources used in this video. 2) I've made no extensive comment on exactly what caused (at this stage) Queen Mary and Indefatigable to blow up, that discussion is reserved for part 3.
    2
  4215.  @PaulfromChicago  precisely
    2
  4216. The hard core of commercial interests I mentiones in the video, who constantly tried to get the government to walk back it's anti-slavery laws and the West Africa squadron
    2
  4217. At the time and overall, mostly Portugal, the UK was second in the 16th/17th centuries but with the bans going in place the second largest slave transporter in the late 18th/early 19th century was France or Spain, depending on whose figures and what dates you use.
    2
  4218. You are aware of the name for the D4Y that attacked the ship? Would you be say such things if I described Yamato as "Hit by the Avengers"?
    2
  4219. Multiple survivors accounts.
    2
  4220. I haven't seen any recently, but the bay was designed for a single 500kg bomb, and there are a number of reports of them carrying a pair of 250kg bombs instead. It's also reported they sometimes had bombs mounted on the wings. A tight fit might explain why a GP and SAP bomb were carried instead of two of the same.
    2
  4221. The name of the Japanese aircraft that hit the ship is 'Comet' :)
    2
  4222.  @joshmajor8662  it's a play on the name of the aircraft that bombed the ship.
    2
  4223.  @genericscottishchannel1603  they are all NARA videos made by the USN and thus public domain. The damage control image is from NMHC
    2
  4224.  @typehere6689  sure, it takes a while for me to catch up with the questions posted in the Drydock. :)
    2
  4225. Would have been find finding somewhere it could fit!
    2
  4226. I'll be covering this in the guide to the Nelson's.
    2
  4227.  @justinarchibald3857  I have a feeling everyone overestimated the accuracy of their long range fire. It was possible to score hits over 20k yards but until second gem radar and mid to late war FCS it was more luck than judgement. In turn, a desire to actually hit something usually provoked a closing of distance in my opinion. :)
    2
  4228. Yeah, what I meant, and completely stuffed up explaining, was that the USN would want tactical speed superiority, which would need the ships too get to about 31 knots.
    2
  4229. If you want to fight Japan it's actually faster to go via Indian Ocean. :)
    2
  4230. That was another way to do target practice, the offset method was for exercises against other ships :)
    2
  4231.  @StevenDonaldonYouTube  I almost always have been ad-free. There is a Patreon if people want to support me, but I'd rather not inflict ads and fight with YouTube about monetization all the time.
    2
  4232. Experimenting as per the last Drydock to see if this fits more subscribers better.
    2
  4233.  @dclark142002  where did anyone say anything about it being evil?
    2
  4234. HMS Tiger
    2
  4235. She was an Essex class, but the carriers were ordered in batches so the last three Essex's were ordered just after the Midways, so had higher numbers.
    2
  4236.  @albertusdrostable  can try where possible, but given the era we are dealing with, good-quality video footage is somewhat sparse, the that which exists can sometimes be a minefield when it comes to fair use and copyrights, Moreno than pictures.
    2
  4237. It's an ongoing process
    2
  4238.  @charlesbronson3933  if you mean bilge pumps, we are back recording next week
    2
  4239. They have lots of pockets which negates having to carry bags except for the camera. :)
    2
  4240. Final version was released as video and text on Sunday :)
    2
  4241.  @leadingauctions8440  Captain and Indefatigable and both entirely British failures 😀
    2
  4242. They are, several times
    2
  4243. https://youtu.be/mvUolod3aY0
    2
  4244. Well, I fell off a climbing wall :)
    2
  4245. Rock climbing
    2
  4246. As I said, they had superior gun power and torpedoes and excellent optical fire control. Their weaknesses were getting hit on the torpedoes and later little to no radar.
    2
  4247. Thanks, turns out I was thinking of SMS Eber, which was stripped to arm and crew the Cap Trafalgar :)
    2
  4248. I generally use it in the context of 'the increase/decrease of linear dimensions will result in a significant divergence in volume compared to the previous ratio'.
    2
  4249. The interwar Sino-Japanese conflict started well after Washington.
    2
  4250. Hood is 2 decades older and Vanguard is several thousand tons heavier than Bismarck. 😀
    2
  4251. Hugh Batesel G3 is about a month away :)
    2
  4252. Merchant ships have a right to self defence under the rules of the time. But the major issue was simply that the rules had never anticipated submarine warfare and so a lot of stuff came up that had no precise answer.
    2
  4253. Thanks for catching that, just as well I used averages! 😀
    2
  4254.    it's not intentional, I'll try and see of I can spot them I'm the audio waveform when editing and remove them.
    2
  4255.    unfortunately I need to breathe :(
    2
  4256. I could add YouTube in-video links at the relevant points?
    2
  4257. Yep, was just a special for episode 42
    2
  4258.  @PNurmi  I understand your point and agree, but as I said, my aim wasn't to indicate anything about the ships operational capability but simply the statistical chance of something going wrong being higher when there are eight chances of it instead of one or two. That thing going wrong may not be that serious, but with eight chances it may happen more often.
    2
  4259. It's coming in the new year.
    2
  4260. Alunita Inghinala sure
    2
  4261. Link should be in the description :)
    2
  4262. The last beta :)
    2
  4263.  @chloehennessey6813  it signifies the torpedo inside is a fully functional one opposed to training, so if you launch it and it hits, it will explode.
    2
  4264. Content is different, Just a problem with numbering within the video
    2
  4265.  @philipjooste9075  Yes, but he could've done one without the other.
    2
  4266. Check the 'about' section of the channel front-page. :)
    2
  4267. I believe so :)
    2
  4268.  @The_New_IKB  could do
    2
  4269. Livadia
    2
  4270. A lot of laminated playe at the time was even worse than 2" plate, a bunch was 1" plates strapped or bolted together. Material quality also varied quite a bit, iron made in different countries or even different factories in the 1860's could vary wildly in performance even if most other factors were the same. :)
    2
  4271. Say hi to the staff for me! :)
    2
  4272.  @justacomment1657  they worked on the same principle of higher pressures, but in different ways. Some of the methods used by the Germans were overly complex and less reliable than American ones, bit could have been fixed with time.
    2
  4273.  @ME-kd1ko  most of the time in secondary or tertiary navies or to turn older ships into secondary roles like blockships or guard ships. HMS Blenheim was one example.
    2
  4274. Sure, drop me an email or a line on Discord
    2
  4275. The problem is I started with a couple of months lag, but each month the Patreon Drydock means the Drydocks fall back a week. So the gap gets larger and larger
    2
  4276. Coming later this month
    2
  4277.  @mc_fly8060  yes, I was aware, the thing with Seymournis that whilst his end was tragic, it can't mask the fact that his actions did directly cost and imperil the lives of thousands of men.
    2
  4278. I think the problem at the time was that any slow-motion camera close enough to capture anything of value would probably be destroyed (along with its operator) if/when the shell hit and exploded.
    2
  4279. One theory is that since it was thought no British armour above 9 inches had been penetrated at Jutland, they'd be fine with that. Of course they seemed to miss that there were substantially larger calibre's than 11 and 12 inch on the field by 1920.
    2
  4280.  @PaulfromChicago  yep, them as well. Cannons, cannonades and carronades.
    2
  4281. Yep, half the Constitutions armament was carronades.
    2
  4282. That happened a few times, the Victoria/Camperdown incident is probably the most famous
    2
  4283.  @tomtom34b  it's the area the Loen Skylift.
    2
  4284. Not every week, but hopefully for some important battles.
    2
  4285. I checked the levels before processing, they are the same as my recordings, but I think the issue is what I record is recorded across all the audio channels, whereas an imported mp3 by default only comes in on the forward channel. As a result, I think where playback is done on simple stereo headphones or speakers it's fine, but on 5.1 or 7.1 systems the 'empty' channels make it quieter. In future, I'll duplicate imported mp3s across all channels.
    2
  4286. It's one of those things where the planning and execution was so bad you either have to laugh or cry :)
    2
  4287. The Bismarcks reload time was one of those things that works great in theory or in exercises, but never really seems to translate into real world use, a bit like the County class theoretically having a DP main battery 😀
    2
  4288. Indeed
    2
  4289. While the billet/ingot was being formed the internal portion remained very hot but the outer portion cooled much faster, in some of the period films the outer surface actually stops glowing, or at least transitions over to greyscale as opposed to white on the film of the time, but you can see at the end of the billet that the interior is still much hotter, so cooling is not happening at the same rate all over (apart from anything the outside is being repeatedly pressed and thus in contact with the substantially cooler press heads. There was heat treatment after forging to get a specific grain structure but this was separate to the annealing process required due to the stress built up by the forming work.
    2
  4290.  @ReclinedPhysicist  exactly, physically possible, but not really practical. I think 18" was about the limit of practicality for battleships as they were built historically. A non-Washington Treaty world might have made 20" somewhat attractive but without further advances that we historically saw in the mid-1940s the 18 and 20" guns see rapidly diminishing rates of fire.
    2
  4291. Here you go: https://youtu.be/lwLHNvuRyDM
    2
  4292. But my name isn't Charlie...
    2
  4293. I didn't vote either way
    2
  4294. Coming next month
    2
  4295. The panel will also be livestreamed on USNI and my channels.
    2
  4296.  @Shenaldrac  it's enjoyable in moderation, but not something you want to do every weekend.
    2
  4297. Would it help if I release it a few hours later?
    2
  4298. They're 1:6000 scale models I bought from Magister Millitum
    2
  4299. That's why it says 'extended'
    2
  4300. It's a breaker to direct water away from the guns in rough seas
    2
  4301. Sure
    2
  4302. Deck armour estimates vary wildly, between 7 and 9 inches. The source I used (in hard copy) can be seen here: https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=IJbYDgAAQBAJ&lpg=PA84&dq=yamato%20deck%20armour&pg=PA84#v=onepage&q=yamato%20deck%20armour&f=false This cross section is reproduced in a number of books and appears to show an 8 inch thick main deck with just over 9 inches on the sloped outer edges.
    2
  4303. The Anglo-Japanese Treaty was ended as one of the conditions of the Washington Naval Treaty
    2
  4304. I am happy to amend a prefix designation into one more in keeping with the nation of the shops origin, but I must balance this with a need to keep the video titles identifiable. Unfortunately a long string of Japanese characters probably doesn't help with the latter, but I can understand how an apparent variant of HMS may upset some. How would people feel about using 'IJN' as a prefix to designate that the ship being talked about is a ship or the Imperial Japanese Navy?
    2
  4305. I can link it to you if you want :)
    2
  4306. It was hit by 10 torpedoes in the battle where it was sunk, but not all of them were needed to sink the ship. Additionaly, a number of amidships hits had visible effects on her stability, whereas similar hits to ships with better torpedo protection, like Bismarck, did not manifestly affect the ships operation.
    2
  4307.  @rem26439  At that time at peak there were something along the lines of a dozen capital ships under construction for the Royal Navy, plus several for foreign powers. And there was still capacity to spare, so if the money was there a minimum of 16-18 hulls could be going at once, in theory over two dozen are possible based purely on dock sizes available
    2
  4308.  @rem26439  by 'heyday' I imagine you are referring to the 1900's / 1910's?
    2
  4309. Not yet :)
    2
  4310. Did that fix it?
    2
  4311. Do you know his rank and/or department?
    2
  4312. I think I worked out why, the video shot on the ship was at 24fps and I rendered the video in my normal 30fps :(
    2
  4313.  @Strelnikov403  there's a link to my Discord in the video description, if you can join there and message me :)
    2
  4314. Sounds great, how do you want to speak?
    2
  4315.  @EdisonDiBlasi  The early convoys used PQ codes heading out (and QP heading back), later ones used JW and WJ
    2
  4316. Well, Ericsson built the Monitor, but Dahlgren built its guns
    2
  4317. They are up, published on the 25th of March
    2
  4318. Japanese attack force all killed by smoke inhalation :0
    2
  4319. Don't worry, it's a comedy :)
    2
  4320. Yep, they're on the list :)
    2
  4321. Daring and Gearing are closer in time than the Tribal. But might be an interesting special to look at the Tribal through to Daring and compared with the American pre-war DD's through to Gearing.
    2
  4322. Yep, saw the Roebuck :) The model in the museum I showed was labelled as Duyfken 😀
    2
  4323. Which one? :)
    2
  4324. Will do
    2
  4325.  @antiochusiiithegreat7721  I've covered HMS Warrior, happy to add other ironclads on request :)
    2
  4326. My apologies, I will try to do better in future.
    2
  4327. Sure
    2
  4328. It's "a bit forlon", because it's the smallest ship there :)
    2
  4329. There certainly was a degree of strafing, but the vast majority of Zero's assigned to the attack (which did most of the strafing) were assigned to the airfield and other infrastructure targets. Only a small proportion of them would have taken runs on the battleships, most Kate's had no forward armament and the Val's had only a pair of LMG's. The contrast I was trying to draw is between the experiences on the airfields, where a lot more strafing was done, and also the common depictions in movies, where every IJN aircraft appears to have several Vulcans installed somewhere.
    2
  4330. I've always heard the version I use, but always happy to find a more correct version
    2
  4331. They are once armed, but you need a depth sensor to arm them once launched or else they could explode when they hit the water :)
    2
  4332. Not inappropriate, Just a hilarious juxtaposition given their previous names.
    2
  4333. Her engines certainly wouldn't have lasted for hours at top speed and their had been degradation since she was last refitted, but a lot of those reports are based on her speed and engineering reports at the time, once the mad Chief engineer was relieved of duty she was suddenly able to go a lot faster, for a pre-dreadnought
    2
  4334. I believe they're on the list somewhere
    2
  4335.  @EdMcF1  very true, the increase in accuracy will be something covered when I cover Tirpitz and her fate.
    2
  4336. Realistically we know now they didn't have enough landing craft and Sealion was never going to work. But in 1940 neither sides leadership knew that. Which meant that what landing craft they did have 'needed' to be destroyed.
    2
  4337. So, a bit like 'Dwah'?
    2
  4338. Cartridge was one of the terms used for the bagged powder charge :)
    2
  4339. Definitely something for a more detailed look!
    2
  4340.  @javelin2811  it might be in part 2 :)
    2
  4341. The cost of separate flights to and from was massively more than a return ticket.
    2
  4342. I don't mind paying for an internal flights that goes a long way, I know Aistralia is big, but £400+ for a flight that's barely over an hour.. (Perth-Albany), the flight to Melbourne is cheaper! 😀
    2
  4343. If you want to go full authentic in this respect, I'd request an actual treaty compliant ship to go with it, then the secret treaty breakers can be compared against each other separately.
    2
  4344. :( the mysteries of the YouTube algorithm
    2
  4345. Tonight
    2
  4346. It didn't solve the problem, no, but it did make it somewhat less than the bow it was built with.
    2
  4347. :(
    2
  4348. I'm fine with scenarios set with specific parameters, but I'm very uncomfortable with generalised ones as this tends to lead to dangerous assumptions.
    2
  4349. Superfiring refers to the placement of guns in relation to each other. A superfiring gun or turret is one placed in a position where it is close to and fires over another gun or turret mounted lower than it is. :)
    2
  4350. Yep :)
    2
  4351. He is called Military Aviation History :)
    2
  4352. If you mean the film footage, that is licensed from the Imperial War Museum so you would have to speak to them. If you mean the static images and commentary, please email me.
    2
  4353. It would all depend on when the orders for Oregon to move came in compared to when the Spanish move.
    2
  4354. Yes, Sheffield lost her aft superfiring turret to free up weight for radar and enhanced AA armament. :)
    2
  4355.  @Alex-cw3rz a loss of 25% of main firepower would obviously be a problem, albeit that at the time this was done there were a lot of British cruisers and not that many enemy cruisers left so the risk was much less than it would have been a year or two earlier.
    2
  4356. Hope not :(
    2
  4357.  @BlisterBang  well, as the name suggests she was originally from what is now northern Germany, I'm not sure how 16th century German most commonly used the I/J sound but by the time of the incident I referred to in the video, she had been in English service for decades (bought by Henry VIII, sunk in the reign of Elizabeth I), so she would have be thoroughly "Anglicised" by that point. Exactly where on the final stage of Yehoshua - Yeshua - Iesous - Iesus - Jesus that was in the late 16th century I couldn't honestly say for certain, but I think it was much closer to the.modern English than the Latin. :)
    2
  4358. Nope, for a later video
    2
  4359. There was a particularly strong showing in the late 19th century 😀
    2
  4360.  @xmlthegreat  I didn't use wiki at all for this video (and outside of exceptional circumstances, never do). I confine my use of wiki in general to wikimedia for it's database of images. However, when researching a subject about which relatively little general history is written, if you end up using the same books as someone has used to write part of a wiki entry, it means parts of the video can appear similar due to the same source material. However, that doesn't equate the article with my video.
    2
  4361.  @garfieldfarkle  they sailed, but the only reported engagements with torpedo firing German craft on June 6th I could find were various efforts from Le Harve that attacked the Eastern end of the landing zone. So either they thought better of it, couldn't find the landings, or possibly attacked on June 7th, after midnight. E-boat activity from Cherbourg would subsequently pick up for a while before being suppressed.
    2
  4362. That was a couple of days later :)
    2
  4363. True, I just like the idea of the Kaiser launching SMS Kaiser and essentially saying "I name this ship, my ship Me!"
    2
  4364.  @Werner4voss  can you drop me an email?
    2
  4365. Because then I'd have to try and pronounce it :)
    2
  4366.  @blogsblogs2348  I see, whilst you are correct about the Mk2, the pom pom that was being considered was the Mk8, which was based on the Mk2, but developed in the 1920's and had a significantly greater range amongst other performance characteristics compared the to Mk2.
    2
  4367. I didn't use any O'brian books in making this video...
    2
  4368.  @dave8599  most likely :)
    2
  4369. The pinned post has be updated after corresponding with the university :)
    2
  4370. Pinned post has been updated with more info in that regard after communicating the issue to the university.
    2
  4371. I believe they are buried in South Africa
    2
  4372.  @iatsd  they went back to having a monarch/emperor twice during the colonial period.
    2
  4373. Whether France was an Imperial power or not depended on the decade
    2
  4374.  @phil3114  no worries, I always enjoy learning new things so if people can bring new info to the table I'm always happy to learn from it. :) I just like to make sure that information people have heard ultimately leads back to something solid like a book by a reputable author, to make sure we aren't all just drawn into a self-perpetuating urban legend (there was already a guy here insisting the Germans scuttled the Scharnhorst rather than it being sunk, his comments got flagged for other content, but you see the point). Cheers Drach
    2
  4375.  @phil3114   Phil  I think that Seetakt range is abut of a typo, it's definitely outraged by newer British, America and the later successor radars of the Kreigsmarine, that at no ship mounted radar on earth can see ships at 220km, due to the curvature of the earth. :p With regards to Scharnhorsts radar being on or off, I've seen a lot of claim that it was off from people on the internet, but the battle reports and the major naval history books don't seem to mention this as a factor. Do you happen to have any book references to this effect? :)
    2
  4376. Which of its radars are you referring to? And at which point in the battle?
    2
  4377. I keep a copy of the total list on my PC, it's much longer, I decided not to update the one in the description for a while until it runs down a bit. But it is on the list. :)
    2
  4378. My primary sources were Adm Fraser's official battle report, accounts from British and German sailors from the Imperial War Museum book "The War at Sea" and some of the battle reviews in DK Browns "Nelson to Vanguard" and Friedman's "British Battleships"
    2
  4379. The latter
    2
  4380. 4, 120mm guns
    2
  4381. Yep :)
    2
  4382. Yep :)
    2
  4383. Not in detail, they are partially covered in the video on SMS Scharhorst.
    2
  4384. Yeah, but at the time we only really went on the flight deck
    2
  4385. This is the River class, not the Flower class, like the title says. Just Saying...
    2
  4386. This is true assuming CG of the turret and ship are aligned. Once the ships balance changes due to a heavy list, the ships CG changes and thus where the effect of the turret changes.
    2
  4387. Coming at the start of next month
    2
  4388. The Viraat was the later Centaur class carrier, which was also named Hermes :)
    2
  4389.  @jthwaits  most likely in the base of the island.
    2
  4390. I prefer 'of', historically naval battles 'off' have been smaller encounters and skirmishes, battles 'of' tend to be the larger and more important ones. Battle off Samar is not only inconsistent with the Battles of Cape Engano and Surigao Stait and the larger overall cover of Battle of Leyte Gulf, but it also implies that the forces involved and what was at stake is of lesser importance than the other two.
    2
  4391. Unrotated Projectile launchers, aka a battery of 7 inch rockets supposed to lay a temporary aerial minefield
    2
  4392. It's dense, which makes it very durable, but at the same time the ship will weigh more than normal.
    2
  4393. The idea was to show through escalating levels of opponent where the ships strengths and weaknesses lay, taking out Cyane and Levant would be like evaluating the M1 Abram's against opponents starting with an M60 and heading towards a Challenger 2 or Leopard 2 and then stopping midway to mention it can also defeat a couple of APC's :D
    2
  4394.  @billboth4814  Well, there are two parts to it, firstly the RN took a precise survey of the ship when they took it apart a few years later and that was meticulous in surveying the ships form and its damage (which had been repaired but the areas of repair obvious). This was needed to build a copy of the ship, it doesn't show a broken keel. Secondly, the ship, after capture, was taken to Bermuda and on the way was hit by a severe storm (possibly a hurricane), then with patched hull and rigging sent to the UK for more extensive repair. A ship with a broken back almost certainly would not have survived that storm, it would have worked itself apart. And a ship with a broken keel that somehow survived that would definitely not have made it across the Atlantic. Further, the bill of repairs for the ship in both Bermuda and the UK makes no mention and shows no trace of the kind of massive work that would be needed to fix such an injury or make the repairs to other damage sailing on such a keel would've caused. Thus, given that the surveys were the means by which the dockyards justified the bills which in turn meant they got paid, they can be viewed as pretty neutral sources on the ships condition. Omitting that level of damage and its subsequent cost would've ruined the yard in most cases simply through financial loss, even if the ship by some miracle made it there in the first place.
    2
  4395. This was the claim put about by her Captain afterwards, but not supported by the ships voyages immediately after her capture or the survey done on her by the RN.
    2
  4396. I don't think that's entirely fair, virtually the entire fight was fought at incredibly close range and finished with boarding. If anything was the single largest contributor to the fight it was Shannon's forward chase gunner, who used his weapon more like a sniper rifle to take out the Chesapeake's helm and helmsman plus at least one of the masts, badly crippling the ships ability to manoeuvre just when it needed it most.
    2
  4397. Shannon was one of the top ships, but she wasn't unique, but one of the things that is often forgotten is that for most of the war the majority of the RN's top ships were still operating off the French coast.
    2
  4398. That particular one is one of HMS Shannon's guns in Nova Scotia, Canada. However, you are correct about Malta being a wonderful place to go to find old naval artillery. :)
    2
  4399. Already done :) https://youtu.be/H9_d0LT_UyM
    2
  4400. YouTube's bot is stupid basically. It's been getting better, but started at a pretty low bar
    2
  4401. Depends on the British person in question. Squaddies would be more like "Hey lads, it isn't nailed down!" Battleship mysteriously vanishes
    2
  4402. Anson Kwok certainly planning to
    2
  4403. They would probably have staggered salvos firing half the guns per turret followed swiftly by the other half.
    2
  4404.  @piotrekzielinski2559  oh don't worry about that, this weekend is the monthly Patreon Drydock, I'm half way into record the third hour :D
    2
  4405. That's me in one of my Steampunk costumes
    2
  4406. Complete brain-bug on my part, I got the name right a few times though :D
    2
  4407. This seems at odds with the documented evidence of multiple clock and watchmakers whose devices routinely functioned perfectly well at sea and under independent examination, but mysteriously failed or broke when Maskelyne had them under his personal supervision.
    2
  4408. I was trying to show the relative position of where they actually were to where they ended up :)
    2
  4409. See drachinifel.co.uk for the tour schedule :)
    2
  4410. Mostly sabre these days, used to do longsword, working in getting back into that as well as sword and buckler.
    2
  4411. I agree with most of your points, but in the end, Littorio was a couple of destroyers worth of displacement lighter. Which means that even if most issues on both ships even out, the Italian is still the better ship for having accomplished it on less resources.
    2
  4412. The timecode issue should be fixed
    2
  4413.  @agptyutuuturty  dude I'm half Bolivian, and my Bolivian side is almost pure native. I'm perfectly aware what the Spanish did to my maternal ancestors, thankyou very much...
    2
  4414. Y'know, if you watch through to the end, I did say I agreed with the US designation :D
    2
  4415. October:)
    2
  4416.  @tophercaesar5375  guests and hosts. I could start hosting the audio of the drydock on soundcloud if that would help
    2
  4417. The Drydock episodes are kind-of like that, but for a podcast I'd have to have a few others willing to take part on a regular basis.
    2
  4418. It's a scale model of Kaga blown up for the 1960's Toho films about the War in the Pacific
    2
  4419. Yep, this has been on the list for over a year.
    2
  4420. The list is purely arbitrary in the order people requested it. I believe one is coming relatively soon this year.
    2
  4421. If you wanted to count the 1 inch towards she'll protection, then yes.
    2
  4422. Continuity! :D
    2
  4423.  @Kim-the-Dane-1952  it's my family coat of arms at the time, but one of the historical issues of the period was people having similar coats of arms, both within and between countries. :)
    2
  4424. Which playlists?
    2
  4425.  @janfelchner1543  I've checked several books and they all state the Tallboy would breach the sound barrier from normal drop heights and could attain even higher speeds if dropped from correspondingly higher altitudes.
    2
  4426. Working on it!
    2
  4427. It's of HMS Glasgow from my own collection
    2
  4428. Yeah I misspoke
    2
  4429. He's left quite a few :)
    2
  4430. Yes, that's why the graphic shows two different-looking ships for the US forces at Coral Sea.
    2
  4431. Which is why they weren't counted.
    2
  4432.  @spartan5157  on destroyers a gun or turret would be assigned to starshell, some destroyers had a dedicated starshell gun to free up the main armament. On cruisers and up a lot of the time the secondary guns would be tasked with starshell duty. :)
    2
  4433.  dimapez  yes but they are fairly specialised vessels, I was speaking in the context of 'rated' oceanic vessels, where 32lber main batteries came in a bit after Trafalgar. :)
    2
  4434. Apologies 😀 Having done French in school means I sometimes think I can get it right, but it turns out its more like 50:50
    2
  4435. Could be :)
    2
  4436. I've done a video on her class :)
    2
  4437. I'm planning to incorporate stern design when I get around to talking about the screws, shafts, skegs and rudders. :D
    2
  4438. @Hooha888 the pinned posts are sources of questions for the drydock :)
    2
  4439. The Etsy stuff (when available) is hand shipped by me from the UK. I don't know if spreadsheet has a UK affiliate, I can look into it though.
    2
  4440. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction :)
    2
  4441. Well, it's in aid of an almost two hour video consisting of almost nothing but three faces, one of which is mine :p
    2
  4442. For operational reasons it was often referred to as USS Robin :)
    2
  4443. The 40mm AA pom poms specifically were invented in the 1920's.
    2
  4444. I'd invite you to actually listen to the video next time before commenting.
    2
  4445.  @caninedrill_instructor5861  if he's interested :)
    2
  4446. It's not the gun being crushed, it's the barrel plug distorting and letting water in if it isn't built strong enough. :)
    2
  4447. They're on the list so will get videos at some point :)
    2
  4448. Not heard of the Wicked class. :)
    2
  4449. Hence "apparently" (IE from the ships perspective), they were also genuinely short of aviation fuel, which was also part of the reason for the hoarding.
    2
  4450. Norfolk, Virginia
    2
  4451. There are some subs on the list, on coming up soon
    2
  4452.  @DaveSCameron  The WW1 or WW2 version?
    2
  4453. Compared to their condition after Pearl Harbour, they got better
    2
  4454. I had to use an older picture of Yamato as there are relatively few from its last battle.
    2
  4455. It was out of action as a fleet base for the IJN, which counts as 'fallen' for me as far as 'is it under our control ans useful to our fleet' :)
    2
  4456.    they flooded a number of chambers to counter balance the torpedo damage, noting which ones they were, not all were used though, as there were still unused chambers when the control station was destroyed.
    2
  4457. At that point, when the counter flooding chambers were still operational, in theory when you know the volume of the chambers you know exactly how much water has been allowed in.
    2
  4458. The full conversion would've had a decent range, not as much as some, could still go about 500 miles.
    2
  4459. Quite possibly 😀 incidents like that were part of why they moved to a centralised referee for estimating damage.
    2
  4460. Mainly because you also have to start talking about missiles.
    2
  4461. And they stayed as flag carriers, the First Balkan War was over by 1914 and they were going to swap Goeben with Moltke
    2
  4462. Different bombing technique :)
    2
  4463. At the stage in time Spain had taken over Portugal and commandeered their fleet.
    2
  4464. @williestyle35  most of the photos are from my collection 😀
    2
  4465. The Imperial Russian Navy had a flag with the same basic layout, in black a s white photos it can be hard to tell the difference :)
    2
  4466. It was a prototype full enclosed 6", similar to one of the E class getting and experimental twin 6" turret
    2
  4467. Yeah, the name came from the sound the gun made firing, Sackville has one :)
    2
  4468. Yep
    2
  4469. These were to run a theme for this Wednesday for whilst I was supposed to have been in the US :(
    2
  4470. Surigao is about the longest range US BB's engaged other BB's, and about as far out as they achieved accurate fire with. However, even at 26k yards the angle of fall from West Virginia's guns is only just over 20 degrees, making the belt armour of the target far more relevant than the deck. At ranges around 30k and upwards, which are regularly discussed as if they are possible, accuracy was vastly less.
    2
  4471. They're as fast as the Lion class and it's successors, so they'd be placed ahead of the I's by simple logic. Beatty would also want to keep them relatively close and under control, so I think they'd probably be positioned behind the 1st BC squadron but ahead of the following ones. Although it likely also means the QE's stay with the Grand Fleet.
    2
  4472.  @RelativeGalaxy7  on the flip side you have ships like Tiger and Warspite and to a degree even Lion would survive massive poundings without exploding.
    2
  4473. Glad to see some of the original subs are also still here :)
    2
  4474. No. I'm not, I report the facts, not propaganda.
    2
  4475.  @MattCellaneous  You can find a high-res version here: https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/our-collections/photography/numerical-list-of-images/nhhc-series/nh-series/NH-85000/NH-85212-KN.html Don't know about prints, but with the high-res version you can probably get one printed from various online stores :)
    2
  4476. That's odd, I've been turning the recording volume up. 😞
    2
  4477.  @bobemmerson1580  not yet but it's on the list! :)
    2
  4478. I went into more detail on the variations in a dedicated video on naval guns a while ago, but for this one I went with a single snapshot listing associated with the decade this video starts with. :)
    2
  4479. Recommended replacement milage was almost twice the milage at point of sale, I usually replace belts at 2/3rds recommended to be safe, this went a lot before that. :(
    2
  4480.  @bkjeong4302  Probably the Cressy class patrol that got ambushed by a U-Boat
    2
  4481. It's because Scharnhorst was the last surviving example of her class and if she hadn't gone down in '43, would almost certainly have finished the war with her 11" guns.
    2
  4482. And by the far end of a Long Lance's run they would have spread out such that from any given spread only one or two would be anywhere near the target.
    2
  4483. Coming this year :)
    2
  4484.  @Varrivale  depending on where, either Philadelphia, which gets you Olympia and New Jersey, or Battleship Cove, most ships for one visit
    2
  4485. The minefields could be and we're swept, and the Germans had an overwhelming advantage in modern battleships, a fight between a pre-dreadnought and two dreadnoughts should've been over quickly, instead a display of terrible gunnery by the Germans and excellent ship handling by the Russians meant the engagement took hours and the Russian ship survived.
    2
  4486. @antoninuspius1747  could you let me know where you read that? The various places I've seen figures suggest anything from 3 to 10 devices would've been ready within 3 months of the initial drops.
    2
  4487.  @MegaMark0000  I'd like to think I can institute some shipping management changes in time 😀
    2
  4488.  @craighagenbruch3800  pretty common, ships going down so dramatically was uncommon and a horrifying disaster to all sides. Fighting at the Battle of the Nile stopped for a few minutes in shock when Ocean exploded.
    2
  4489. Who thought uo the balloons with their own propulsion systems and/or radio? 😀
    2
  4490. Check the soundcloud link in the description :)
    2
  4491. Probably Hunt class
    2
  4492. Very occasionally, but the vast majority of torpedoes shot at were in convoys where the ships being targeted weren't exactly overly supplied with small calibre AA.
    2
  4493. If it helps you can multiply by 0.986 to get regular HP :)
    2
  4494. My keyboard doesn't believe in umlauts :(
    2
  4495. Different options :)
    2
  4496.  @derekhenschel3191  if there's a Russian speaking subscriber out there who wants to help out :)
    2
  4497. Sure, drop an email to the channel :)
    2
  4498. I thought I'd leave German names to the professionals in this video :p
    2
  4499. It's a cruiser, not a capital ship, so it'll be coming later.
    2
  4500. There's a Scottish town called Houston that variously gets called Who-stan or Hugh-ston.
    2
  4501. The USN plans for these variants are labelled BB-66, which is Kentucky, however Illinois was the next ship in line according to hull number (BB-65), so it depends, if this is going to be the only SCB 19 or similar Iowa variant then Kentucky should probably be the name. However, if WG have plans for a further SCB 19 variant in the pipeline then they may be holding the name for that one instead. (EG, Scheme H with four 8" turrets and 5"/54's)
    2
  4502. The date is 24th Jan 46 I think the dashed lines are labelled "Present armour belt".
    2
  4503. Most nations actually didn't, the Germans had Anton/Bruno etc, the US had calibre/location pairs etc, but the AB/XY system has the beauty of being relatively short, easy to learn, and is language and calibre neutral, so it had ended up being the 'goto' system for reference works.
    2
  4504.  @lightspeedvictory  Admittedly the 5" mounts on the drawings can be taken for singles due to the way they are drawn, the critical info is the key on the right of each drawing, but unless you have the original plans or a very high res scan they'd be almost impossible to read :)
    2
  4505. It's not my 'claim', it's literally written there on the USN's own plans :)
    2
  4506. Yep I'm aware of that, but as far as I know almost every ship/sub based reactor that had sunk has also survived intact and isn't leaking into the environment anyway :)
    2
  4507. There were a number of incidents during the invasion of France where British captives were summarily executed once disarmed. I can't think off-hand of any kind of similar incident involving the Kriegsmarine.
    2
  4508. Given it's an alternate time-line, the RN is going to be operating under different orders to historically, and generally an RN battleship isn't going to come into a port and aim ready and loaded guns at someone unless they have intent to fire on something if provoked.
    2
  4509.  @ryanaegis3544  rigs vary but additional fore-aft sails when all sails were set weren't unusual. Whether this is an exact representation to Constitution under full sail at the time though I am not immediately sure of, I'd need to dig up her sail plan.
    2
  4510. Yeah, a little different to launching them with the torpedo launch system though 😀
    2
  4511.  @badcarbon7624  always happy to hear from people who make models of warships! :)
    2
  4512. Makes storage difficult and transporting them across to the lifts even harder.
    2
  4513. Yep :)
    2
  4514. Yep, might see about popping down to Portsmouth to do so.
    2
  4515. The next such ship on the list is the Derflinger class, which should be out before Christmas
    2
  4516. I don't know Turkish my self but I can make the video open for someone who does to add such subtitles.
    2
  4517. The Floridas were the next class, similar, but not identical :)
    2
  4518. That's for round 2!
    2
  4519. Too many good museum ships to fit into a day or two.
    2
  4520.  @americanmade6996  the tampions often carried the ships crest on them.
    2
  4521. Sure, drop me an email. :)
    2
  4522. Should be 2023 😀
    2
  4523.  @mattmopar440  Wasp's vulnerabilities rendered her vulnerable to fewer hits than those which sank her, and Yorktown had different vulnerabilities, mostly around her hangers as opposed to her engine rooms. Basically each treaty carrier sacrificed something and it was a dice roll as to if an enemy attack exploited that weakness.
    2
  4524. Yep, after Graf Spee blew up Ark Royal spent much of the month between then and Exeter being fit to sail hanging around Freetown and hunting off West Africa for Altmark.
    2
  4525.  @sarchlalaith8836  the British solution was to armour the carriers to survive the bombardment and counter-strike later. The American solution was to disperse the ships so you could only catch one of them (and build many smaller carriers instead of big fleet ones, bit thisnpart wasn't realised before overseas war experience led them to go with the Essex class instead), the IJN approach was to try and offload everything but fighters and strike aircraft to maximise CAP.
    2
  4526.  @derptank3308  By the time the RN got their hands on them (part of various ex-French orders inherited after the French surrender) the aircraft was basically obsolete, in the USN it had been replaced by the Dauntless, and it was not superior to existing British aircraft that fulfilled the same purpose (it was was faster than most, but had a lesser bomb load). Overall, for the small number the French order left them with, it wasn't worth adding them to the existing inventory with all the spares and maintenance involved.
    2
  4527.  @amerigo88  It was the battle of Battle of Cape Spartivento, more than 20 ships per side, 2 capital ships per side, half a dozen cruisers each. Grand total outcome, four smaller ships damaged, and some of those only superficially.
    2
  4528.  @tricap1542  not at all :)
    2
  4529. I'll be in San Diego later in the same month :)
    2
  4530.  @RoBlackW  Hopefully the recent video on the class was what you were looking for :)
    2
  4531.  @collinfrye9555  It will be done eventually :)
    2
  4532. I blame Star Trek :(
    2
  4533. 'Plate' can be used as a now less used English colloquialism that actually means 'silver' as in 'silver Plate'
    2
  4534.  @paoloviti6156  there were a number of issues with shells and possibly the Breeches which lead to a number of shells detonating in the barrels and knocking out the gun as well as sometimes disabling the turrets. It needed quote some work to fix.
    2
  4535. Not the same. But they did have different problems like exploding guns :)
    2
  4536. The sheer cost and time of it compared to the estimates was far larger, and in the end the hanger still didn't support the latest and greatest aircraft nor any particularly large number of them
    2
  4537. Check his rank stripes :)
    2
  4538. Korean history isn't my strong suit and there is a lot of somewhat contradictory secondary literature about him. I would not want to cover Yi until either I've read a lot more or I can get in contact with someone who specialised in studying him.
    2
  4539.  @snideaugustine2143  I can probably bring a copy over from the UK next time I go to the USA if you email me :)
    2
  4540. Yes, as a naval channel I chose the four rotor Kriegsmarine unit for primary display.
    2
  4541. I was trying to build up through the levels of complexity to enigma, notice my basic stacked substitution used a variable second stack as opposed to a straight swap. It's still relatively easy to solve, but harder than straight addition or substitution as the variable changes depending on the letter.
    2
  4542. Well, anything with more displacement than a few tons would've been nice. :)
    2
  4543. It comes down to the density of the garment, if, when wet, it sinks, then it will drag you down.
    2
  4544. Yi iterated and improved on an older design that had fallen out of use
    2
  4545. Indeed, there are various ways to help your ship designs when limited by treaty, the best way is to make sure you write favourable clauses into said treaty.
    2
  4546.  @lloydknighten5071  I highly doubt the forward magazines detonated, the area where they were is still intact, the bow detached forward of A turret so I think this was probably more to do with multiple stresses being imposed on that section by the ship sinking by the stern and them testing and gliding through the water.
    2
  4547. A few people have reported this, I don't know what's going on with that.
    2
  4548.  @kevg3320  fiveminuteguides@gmail.com will work fine :)
    2
  4549.  @edgarsaldivar4429  channel email in the 'about' section on the channel page
    2
  4550. It's the ferry service we used to get there
    2
  4551. I've done the one or two so far :)
    2
  4552. @michalandrejmolnar3715  the naval books in that list certainly are! :)
    2
  4553. It was very confused with contradictory reports 😀
    2
  4554. I'm still working on it:)
    2
  4555. Yep, a distant successor of the same name
    2
  4556. They were reclassified as light cruisers mid-war on account of their size and armament relative to small cruisers in other nations. :)
    2
  4557. Within the next few weeks
    2
  4558. I'm like you, but bigger and more powerful :D
    2
  4559. Springsharp 3.0
    2
  4560. The Patreon voters get to choose a video per month, the main issue is that a fair number of these videos need some time to research and plan, if I was told at the start of the month that I needed to make 4 videos on the chosen subjects I wouldn't have enough time to sort them all out
    2
  4561. I have only extracts of it, I need to get a good quality copy, my last copy was second hand and fell apart into dust and ruin after a few years.
    2
  4562.  @Wolfeson28  it's certainly an exercise that could be done to work out her capacity as a fleet carrier, but I suspect the number of combat aircraft would lower, it's not just physical deck space for aircraft, you need space to move combat aircraft around which you don't need with packed aircraft, and as above you need a lot of extra crew and equipment which also needs space. Plus of course if you count deck parking or not.
    2
  4563. In the description at the timestamp for the competition winners :)
    2
  4564. Sure
    2
  4565. Thanks for sticking around! :)
    2
  4566. Check the 'About' section on the channel home page :)
    2
  4567.  @M.M.83-U  fair enough, I vaguely thought it was something to do with a battle. :)
    2
  4568. HMS Vanguard being fitted out
    2
  4569. I will look further into it, but the two are not exclusive, when seniority is everything the death or retirement of your immediate superior and everyone who might compete for his post is suddenly the single biggest factor in stopping your next promotion, and the assassinations were not honour duels for command of the ship held aboard the forward turret roof, it was more a case of "How unfortunate the Admiral fell down eleven flights of stairs in his hotel and then shot himself four times in the head without anyone noticing."
    2
  4570. The monarch must always have the highest title, since Queen is held to be one step below King, if the monarch is male then their wife is Queen, but if the monarch is female then Queen must be the highest rank and thus Long cannot be used, the next title below Queen being Prince.
    2
  4571.  @altiramoongara9968  supplemental video released :)
    2
  4572. ?
    2
  4573. Five :)
    2
  4574. STS definitely had advantages, but as the question was more on armour steel I had to address STS in relation to that. Suffice to say I'll cover the strengths of STS when it comes to discussing naval construction in general :)
    2
  4575. The iron one that is present in Japan to my knowledge has a greater amount of random trace elements compared the most common iron one deposits in other parts of the world. They're also relatively difficult to remove compared to 'normal' impurities if you follow the usual smelting and forging methods, bit you can remove them of you know they are there in the first place.
    2
  4576. Which months question list did you post it to? I do remember answering a question like that recently. :)
    2
  4577.  @scottyfox6376  it depends, you can't really armour the rudder, but large propeller shaft skegs can offer a degree of sacrificial shielding.
    2
  4578. I'm open to suggestions :)
    2
  4579. If she'd be left alone (ie Washington didn't show up), there would have been more 14" hits, and at the range she was at a 14" AP round could defeat SoDak's protection. The precise circumstances of the sinking as they played out prevented this from happening, but the simple scenario at the start, range, gun power, armor etc, allowed for the possibility barring other circumstances. EDIT: Vickers accelerated the 14" testing program specifically to demonstrate to the IJN the viability of the weapon, the IJN wanted something bigger than 12" due to the Lion's 13.5" guns, but Vickers still had to prove their weapon viable :)
    2
  4580. It depends, the heat ray would've come down from above, so if the explosion vented back through the hole the heat ray made it might not have breached the underwater hull significantly.
    2
  4581.  @cheshirewarcat5336  sure go for it
    2
  4582. Next week :)
    2
  4583. Hardly, there were certainly shark attacks, but there is a difference between the numbers who were actually taken by sharks and the numbers that are often suggested in exaggerated and dramatized pseudo-documentaries. I find your casual racism quite bewildering.
    2
  4584.  @baltulielkungsgunarsmiezis9714  I've been playing with the Audio settings to try and prevent YT messing with the voice audio. Sounds like I may have over-corrected the intro, hopefully the voice was nice and clear though?
    2
  4585. It actually depends on the fire control system, in the later ones you typically see on US WW2 era museum ships you can simply adjust the dials, but even then if things are way out you have to reset the computer and put everything in again. In older systems such as would be more typically found in WW1, you would actually have to reset the machine completely if major variables changed significantly, such as a sharp turn by the enemy or yourself. As this is a multi-step process, both in terms of reset and placing inputs, it is indeed starting the calculations over again from a zero state.
    2
  4586. How much damage President suffered going aground is highly debatable. At the time, the damage was not seen as serious, by the time of the court Martial, it had grown significantly in the recounting. However, the Royal Navy does not seem to back up the more outlandish claims, the ship (after the fight) would survive a hurricane without significant further damage, and when it was broken up a few years later a detail survey of the ship and it's damage was taken, and is notably lacking in any broken keel etc. IE the ships actions and the survey of it after the action appear to disprove many of the claims made about it in the court Martial. Some damage likely occurred, but there isn't any evidence of significant performance impairing damage when the ship is in British hands. At best, it's possible anti fouling sheets were dislodged and slowed the ship, but given the speed of Endymion and the rate of closure being so slow, there is a potential question mark even there.
    1
  4587. When I get around to HMS Victory we can talk about what one of those 68lb carronades did to the French at Trafalgar :)
    1
  4588. I don't believe I have that one.
    1
  4589.  @valdorhightower  No worries :)
    1
  4590. I think you are remembering Leopard vs Chesapeake. Shannon vs Chesapeake was very much in the middle of the war. And President had an early reputation as a bad sailer, but this had changed with new commanding officers and a redistribution of internal ballast.
    1
  4591. Hence why I said 'half-way between a ship of these line and a frigate', her framing was closer and planking thicker than the average for a frigate by a significant margin, but not as thick as a true ship of the line.
    1
  4592. The US 74's built post-1812, along with other American line ships of the period, were armed with a weird mix of 32lb guns, long 32lb'ers lower down, short barrel 32lb'ers on the middle deck and 32lb carronades further up. In theory this gives them a broadside weight similar to a first rate, but the range of the guns decks varies wildly, assuming approximately equal crews, the American ship would have a slight advantage in close range combat assuming Victory doesn't serve up a 64lb carronade bashing like it did to Bucentare, but with a near-full battery of long-guns, the Victory would have a significant advantage in a longer range firefight, so a lot would depend on who had the weather gauge and the faster ship.
    1
  4593.  @RealityIsTheNow  I would rather hope people would listen to the video and consider what is said on it's merits rather than resorting to cheap stereotypes, after all, there are plenty of stereotypes about Americans and their treatment of their own history as well. Yet as I covered in one of the Drydock episodes, of the two main authors I use as references, one is British, the other is American.
    1
  4594. It's about evaluating Constitutions capabilities by looking at what it and other of the US six frigates faced, who they beat and who they didn't.
    1
  4595. Unfortunately the accounts of the battle at the time do not support this version of events, which is what the Presidents captain changed his story too after some time back in the US. The logs of all involved ships at the time and statements of captains and crew on both sides taken from the time of the battle and immediately after are very specific that President fought Endymion, lost, stuck it's colours (by hoisting a later, the accepted version at night). Endymion saw this, ceased fire, and pulled away slighltyl to address damage to the rigging as the Constitution did after its fights. Seeing this, President tried to sneak away in the darkness, Pomone showed up, fired on the undamaged side, President immediately 're-surrendered' but the almost the first statement it's captain made when the boarding party arrived was that he had surrendered earlier to Endymion alone, which was coming up after fixing some of the rigging. As I mentioned to another commentator, there was nothing in the Royal Navy assessment of ship after capture or several years later at its breaking up that mentions anything about damage to the keel, which would be a major issue. The survival of the ship in the storm after its capture also points against this.
    1
  4596. Not yet :)
    1
  4597. In the 18th century, by the late 18th and early 19th century the French were copying the technique.
    1
  4598.  @horrorationeilsen7332  the reason I didn't mention the President going aground is that despite the ship not being subject to any deep refit before it was broken up (only repairing storm and battle damage), the structural report by the RN that sent the ship to the breakers made no mention of any damage to her keel or similar speed-impairing hull damage, which would have significantly affected their report and the ship itself. Further, despite battle damage the President made it through a severe storm on the way to Bermuda after capture, a ship with a broken keel would not have survived such an encounter. When researching this battle and laying out the timeline of accounts and claims, the grounding is mentioned from the start, but suggestions that it affected the ships speed are made only much later when the captain is in full reputation damage-control mode and goes against statements made by the crew, who did not feel the ship was unduly impaired (the court arguing and the crew agreeing that if such impairment had occurred, they should've tried to return to port).
    1
  4599. To a great degree, yes.
    1
  4600. Age of Sail engagements depended a vast amount on the crew. It was only when the skill gap between crews was small that the firepower and size of ships started to come into play. In the War of 1812 both the British and American crews were generally good, so the ships themselves mattered a lot more. At the same time, where crew quality was poor, you had British frigates capturing 4th rates and above when going up against French and Spanish ships.
    1
  4601. It varied between different ships, bit I'll double check for Haida specifically
    1
  4602. Just ask in the q&a thread and I'll eventually get to this episode of drydock questions :)
    1
  4603. The 1914 list of oil producing regions includes a small amount from the area of Poland.
    1
  4604.  @CareraDrift  if you feel that way, I'd ask you to take a specific look at my videocovering German ships. I don't rate some of the more popular German ships like Bismark, but I am quite positive about others. I'm a particular fan of the Scharnhorst class for example.
    1
  4605.  @CareraDrift  if you feel that way, I'd ask you to take a specific look at my videocovering German ships. I don't rate some of the more popular German ships like Bismark, but I am quite positive about others. I'm a particular fan of the Scharnhorst class for example.
    1
  4606.  @CareraDrift  they are better protected and more heavily armed, granted they are slower but Rodney showed what it was capable of.
    1
  4607. Rodney, Nelson and KGV at the time she was I'm service.
    1
  4608. Rodney, Nelson and KGV at the time she was I'm service.
    1
  4609.  @KaiShanIV  https://youtu.be/cMr7fcP_OSA
    1
  4610. That's covered in the video on the class as a whole. :)
    1
  4611.  @Nyctasia  it's true prior to BCF command Bratty had not commanded a fleet or squadron before, only individual ships. However, a number of his orders in WW1 made sense and, of properly signalled, would've changed the outcome of quite a few battles.
    1
  4612. Modern ships have much more advanced boilers compared to the coal VTE's and the coal & oil fired powerplants of the interwar and WW2 periods. The times I mentioned come from wartime account is and contemporary training manuals.
    1
  4613. Based on what limited material there is available, it would seem US sub commanders train to understand the technical workings of all aspects of the sub, whereas RN sub commanders are heavily focussed on leadership and tactics. Also, having a much smaller sub force allows the RN to be far more picky about who gets command. Although as above that's based on what info is available. Naturally a lot of sub operational details are still classified, but I was surprised when even people who are never normally shy about making the US the best in everything were still handing British SSN's the advantage.
    1
  4614. Well I was doing Two for each, Spruance would've been in there if I was doing 3
    1
  4615.  @klobiforpresident2254  good morning, could you drop me a line on Discord (if you use it) with a bit more info, I've cleared my inbox of this past weeks messages so if you didn't get a reply then something has gone wrong somewhere :)
    1
  4616. Will do once home :)
    1
  4617. By the time I finished primary recording I decided I would rather ask permission from the viewers I'm question rather than that into designs they'd worked hard on without warning.
    1
  4618. The main reason for my thinking is looking at Germany in the same conflict, they did manage to keep pace with Allied aircraft design for the most part outside of heavy bombers and ahead in some areas, but despite this, towards '44/'45 it was really only their remaining core of elite pilots who were accomplishing that much, Allied pilots were picking apart 'green' Luftwaffe units as a matter of course.
    1
  4619.  @firefox3187  Books Afloat.
    1
  4620. Yep
    1
  4621. Let me know what they say 😀
    1
  4622. CUBE
    1
  4623.  @TheTutch  it's pretty accurate in ship design terms 😀
    1
  4624. You can burn enough the rest falls away or cracks under the weight of the objects above.
    1
  4625. The weak point isn't just about direct action from the explosion, it's also about where force from the explosion being absorbed by the TDS concentrates, which doesn't actually have to be near where the torpedo hits. Additionally size helps, so as with Bismarck, it's more about efficiently using the space and displacement allocated.
    1
  4626. It's a combination of specific structural considerations and the ability to go to sea as opposed to purely coastal/harbour work
    1
  4627.  @whipple1062  yeah those are the rare triple 4 inch mounts, Repulse and Renown being the only ships with more than one forward turret to have them
    1
  4628. Yep, Hoche
    1
  4629. So the principle that navies at the time were exploring was if a 'softer' Class B style steel was better because it would flex and give way in the face of a shallow angle hard tipped shell, which could result in it being 'skipped' back out, almost like trampoline. Conversely, if the shell managed to 'bite' then this type of armour provides less resistance. On the other hand, face-hardened armour provides more resistance in principle, but precisely because of that, the shell is more likely to 'bite' and then upend toward a more perpendicular line of attack, improving it's penetration chances. So essentially what I'm trying to do is get two sheets of metal one significantly soft than the projectile, one quite hard and rigid, and shoot them at a variety of shallow angles to see what effects they have. The problem of course is that if one of them does work, the projectile is going to go flying off into the sky :D
    1
  4630. It depends on how you define heading change, the ship swings such that a line drawn from bow to stern points in the opposite direction, and the ship physically moves in that direction, but on the other hand it is more of a rotating drift, a bit like a skid, as opposed to a 'true' turn. At least that's as close as I can explain it :D
    1
  4631.  @standard_gauge  captain is the only ship I've deceived in it's guide as a flat out failure
    1
  4632.  @TheSchultinator  mostly by asking some of the American viewers on the Discord
    1
  4633. Is the site down now? :(
    1
  4634. Can do :)
    1
  4635. I got very ill
    1
  4636. Before the Ironclad by DK Brown, Battleships in Transition by Andrew Lambert, The Last Sail Battlefleet, Sailing Warships of the US Navy, good starting points :)
    1
  4637. They brought in one of their own :)
    1
  4638. It's called "The last warrior"
    1
  4639. Guns will be covered in a separate video to the ships themselves :)
    1
  4640. They are recorded 5.1 so if you are using stereo speakers you might only be getting one or two tracks
    1
  4641.  @kemarisite  I was just reading out the question :)
    1
  4642. No Montana class hulls were ever laid down, the Midway were their own class and design built from the keel up as carriers.
    1
  4643. Because the question asked about the 1986 format of the battleground :)
    1
  4644. Starting with turtle ships :)
    1
  4645. I did mention that later :)
    1
  4646. Prince Philip was operating the searchlights aboard HMS Valiant, highlighting targets for destruction.
    1
  4647. It depends how you look at it, if a torpedo doesn't sink a troop ship, several thousand troops live that day, but they then go on to land in a combat theatre, how many of them die and how many Allied troops do they kill? How many lives are lost supplying both sides? How many more lives are lost because the time they buy allows other areas further back to fortify?
    1
  4648. The is going to be a video early next year looking at the turtleback layout in detail.
    1
  4649.  @terribleteddy  excellent :)
    1
  4650. If you email the channel I can send you the image file :) fiveminuteguides@gmail.com
    1
  4651. Patience will be rewarded :)
    1
  4652. Please feel free to back this up with sources...
    1
  4653.  @Winterx69  I'm afraid I must once again disagree, the 35kt limit was initially brought in during the WNT and carried forward into LNT, and the AGNA clause I mentioned and you cited here specifically mentioned the existing system of max tonnage and armament limitations for vessels, which at the time was LNT, which incorporated WNT's 35kt limit. Clause 2(d) also commits the German government to future treaties with these limits (LNT2) unless those treaties do not include limits, at which point negotiation would be needed. As such, the KGV's and Bismark's were both laid down in a period where the UK was signed up to LNT2 and Germany had agreed to abide by this as well (as it was a future general treaty with limitations). The ships commission date is not relevant to if they are treaty breaking as broadly speaking the ships displacement is largely speaking fixed at the design stage (bar a few hundred tons for changes to equipment during build). Displacement: You are using the KGV's and Bismmark's deep load displacement, which is not what was regulated by treaty, what was regulated by treaty was Standard Displacement, which is a known measurement and one to which the KGV's adhered (their standard displacement was just a fraction over 35kt) but the Bismark's did not (standard displacement c.42kt). Additionally, nobody considered the LNT obsolete or voided because of the AGNA, the LNT2 conference was held because LNT had an expiry date of the end of 1936 and needed replacing. None of the powers you list launched treaty-breaking ships in 35/36, and you appear to be taking deep-load displacements of ships as the unit of measure, whereas, as above, this was not the case for measuring treaty compliance. Thus, the Bismarck's were treaty breaking in at least one major respects, their standard displacement was ~7kt more than treaty limitations (displacement escalator clause was not invoked until 2 years after they started construction).
    1
  4654.  @josynaemikohler6572  they made the best with what they had, but they also has to know that a war with anyone who had or could build battlecruisers at least would end badly.
    1
  4655. More or less :p
    1
  4656.  @KimJongSkill492  depends on the ship :)
    1
  4657.  @Arthion  they can probably make it weight neutral by dropping the speed requirement to 32-33 knots and using the reduced engine weight for armour.
    1
  4658. True, but that wouldn't address the fact that the O class is woefully underprotected compared to the Scharnhorsts.
    1
  4659. The Kriegsmarine seemed to like iterating within the designs as well. Admiral Scheer was effectively a sub-class compared to Deutschland, Prinz Eugen likewise was different in a number of ways to Hipper. If they built 6 Bismark's the last one would probably be completely different to the first. Even Bismarck and Tirpitz had substantial differences.
    1
  4660. Simpler and easier to make. Also represented the best balance for gun power in the attack and retreat.
    1
  4661.  @jebise1126  the bulbous bow was invented around the WW2 period, much prior to that from about the 1870's to 1910's a lot of ships were fitted with ram bows for ramming enemy ships, which had an intended effect similar to a bulbous bow. When ramming went out of favour so did the ram bow, ironically also lessening the efficiency of the ships through the water. Q&A's are every Sunday, there is a section in the upcoming one explaining how they work :)
    1
  4662. I thought so as well but apparently it's a slightly different term.
    1
  4663. Why, hello there...
    1
  4664. Upan will do :)
    1
  4665. You should not be seeing any ads on my videos.
    1
  4666.  @Khymerion  There's a couple more in the video description :)
    1
  4667. Context
    1
  4668. Bofors original guns were manufactured in metric, the USA works in Imperial measures, the difficulty came in translating the dimensions etc over to something US factories could produce. There were even worse issues with the Hispano-Suzia 20mm aircraft cannon.
    1
  4669. The byproducts of water infiltration however, are acidic :)
    1
  4670. Early days of the channel
    1
  4671. Their generation had gotten a bit past the pure cruiser killer stage.
    1
  4672. Check the posting date :)
    1
  4673. MakeMeThinkAgain we can certainly put it in for a special
    1
  4674. Yep, both built by Fairey, the Firefly was the immediate successor to the Fulmar.
    1
  4675. Fulmar :)
    1
  4676. Richelieu was the ship I was thinking about in this case, theoretically all angle loading with high elevations but at the higher ones the rammer struggled
    1
  4677. Bear in mind a lot of people who watch will not be familiar with the nautical terms :)
    1
  4678. Indeed :D
    1
  4679. It was standard by the later part of the war, but the first versions did not have this, but for understandable reasons it rapidly became a 'standard upgrade'
    1
  4680. There should be some of that for the High seas Fleet section, is it working?
    1
  4681.  @timwilliamanderson  fiveminuteguides@gmail.com
    1
  4682. Should be in the video description
    1
  4683.  @chrisangus7078  she was however built with a longer lifespan in mind
    1
  4684. I held a vote on that recently and the majority was to keep it :)
    1
  4685. Sometimes, I try to be selective though :)
    1
  4686. Hence why I said 'sometimes', the concept is overblown but war does accelerate certain lines of technological development considerably. The carronade, cavity magnetron, bouncing bomb, electrical computer, etc are all war-driven inventions. And even in cases where the invention existed before in a niche role, war forcing it into widespread use is driving innovation, since otherwise such a technological advance would have sat in a forgotten corner somewhere and the general level of technology in that field would likely have remained unchanged for some time.
    1
  4687. There are some posters available on the website and a link to the Etsy store as well :)
    1
  4688. Oh you don't know the half of it! :D
    1
  4689.  @1KosovoJeSrbija1  The Black Knight was named for Monty Python :D They tend to run as Freeblades supporting my Custodes or Salamanders, but if acting along I run them as House Griffith.
    1
  4690. The new IP owners are releasing the new version in a month or so. :)
    1
  4691. As part of a small group of likeminded people, yes. Turns out IP's are worth a lot more than we thought! :D
    1
  4692.  @mad9172  I have not yet, only covered it in a Drydock episode :)
    1
  4693.  @notknightbean  I've done a couple of livestreams on it and will probably do another :)
    1
  4694. Link near the bottom of the video description text :)
    1
  4695.  @avragetrinidadian3787  you'll see a video on them, it just might be a while :)
    1
  4696. They are somewhat further down the list
    1
  4697. Generally or for this class in particular?
    1
  4698. The Towns generally had 8, Belfast and Edinburgh were larger variants that had a pair of additional mounts
    1
  4699. Not that I could easily find, and I went through a lot. The National Maritime Museum apparently has some plans.
    1
  4700. I try to answer most of the questions asked, but I'm quite a few videos worth of questions behind at the moment.
    1
  4701. Made peace maybe, but the blockade at that point meant they were starving, and the harvest of 1918 was poor. At that point even battlefield success wouldn't have fed the populace in time.
    1
  4702. Will take a few weeks to make fully, but the recording has been done.
    1
  4703. If they aren't already on the list I'll add them :)
    1
  4704. Not yet
    1
  4705. I've covered the Deutschland class which includes the Admiral Scheer, details on the other cruisers still await.
    1
  4706. New pinned post established :)
    1
  4707. I try to take a range of questions for each regular drydock, the names you keep hearing are probably from the Patreon Drydock's at the end of each month and at the end of the standard Drydocks.
    1
  4708. If people want an autograph for some reason I guess I don't have anything against it. :)
    1
  4709. The cannon was popular enough to be installed directly from the factories later in the war, the mag feed being kept for the reasons highlighted. The majority of Bofors 40mm were stationed on ships or in positions signficiantly higher above the water where the effects of salt spray were significantly reduced.
    1
  4710. There is a monthly vote on Patreon :)
    1
  4711. It's actually really hard to align the lens of the camera with an aperture designed for something the size of a human eye.
    1
  4712. Unfortunately they hadn't submitted catalogues entries to that years edition of the naval annual! 😀
    1
  4713. That's the previous one.
    1
  4714. I have one now :)
    1
  4715. It is, part of the problem is almost all the paintings have had a couple of centuries of yellowing to their varnish as well as usually century or so of tobacco smoke staining. :)
    1
  4716. 'Technically seaworthy', they don't have any plans to sail her at the moment but the idea is to have the capability with a few relatively minor steps if needed/wanted.
    1
  4717. I'm working on a better setup, at least this time nothing was in portrait mode :)
    1
  4718. Might be to do with using a mobile phone camera. I'm improving the filming rig for next time.
    1
  4719. The larger ones like HMS Majestic retained their 32lbers
    1
  4720. Eventually :)
    1
  4721. The actual ship.
    1
  4722. Almost certainly the latter :)
    1
  4723. Could you let me know which sources they are? The contemporary records and the later books I have all note Victory was unusually fast for her day (and for being a ship of the line). The French ships were usually larger and faster due to being longer, but this made them less agile and more prone to working apart if they spent a long time at sea. They were superior ships for a line-battle assuming equal crews, but inferior for long voyages, blockades or a pell-mell close range fight. :)
    1
  4724. You'll find some good plans here: https://prints.rmg.co.uk/products/body-plan-for-hms-victory-1765-j1842?_pos=27&_sid=e42136606&_ss=r And page 31 onwards here: https://www.nmrn.org.uk/sites/default/files/victory_cmp_volume_01-.pdf
    1
  4725. The was Cutty Sark, a clipper ship on London, not Victory :)
    1
  4726. The point I was getting at was that unlike the rest of Europe, the Royal Navy was the Britain's primary military service, so got a lot more money proportionally than other European navies. Thus, they could normally afford naval expenditure that others could not, bit even they didn't keep loads of first rates around when not needed, basically to point out how expensive these things were to run
    1
  4727. Well, they'd have to patch the holes they cut first.
    1
  4728.  @michaelrizea3108  as I mentioned in the video that are gradually working their way their with repairs, but unlike Constitution they also have to undo a lot of previous neglect and post 1805 additions as well, so it's a longer process. Also, keeping it in drydock makes it easier to preserve long term. I'd love to see Victory sail again but that won't be physically possible until at least the current repairs are finished
    1
  4729. I noted below it looked like a Tiger type to me and the more tank informed seem to think its a Tiger II :)
    1
  4730. I thought it might be a Tiger for similar reasons but that's why I'm a ship guy and not a tank guy 😀
    1
  4731. That'll come later 😀
    1
  4732. The Flak 18 is the first interwar 88mm AA gun, but is derived from the WW1 era 8.8cm Flak 16 😀
    1
  4733. There's a bunch of photos of a tank supposedly hit by battleship shells but there's a lot of argument that they were actually destroyed by demo charges. This one I've seen labelled relatively consistently as a tank flipped by a battleship shell, although obviously and aerial bomb would have a similar effect if large enough.
    1
  4734. Unfortunately I can't do anything about the acoustics when I'm filming live like this but I have recently moved my recording area to a more appropriate environment so upcoming videos should sou d better. Not sure why there would be a shift towards echo on recent videos generally though😢
    1
  4735. Well, I'm sure the Soviets didn't sell them to the Finns, so still captured 😀
    1
  4736. ?
    1
  4737.  @murielcunningham8703  don't worry, I will get to the latest questions eventually :)
    1
  4738.  @f12mnb  I don't think the terms have changed but their implications and meanings may be doing so with newer systems if some of the other replies are anything to go by.
    1
  4739. Mostly produce too much radioactive waste to justify their use outside niche areas like icebreaking.
    1
  4740. USS Oregon
    1
  4741. There are two posts from the start of Feb, one is for Q&A, I've checked the tags and it should be visible. If it isn't, please message me there and I'll get your question answered next week.
    1
  4742. Care to actually give some reasoning?
    1
  4743. USS Oregon
    1
  4744.  @gunfighterfd  very few USN ships have been shot at with missiles since Phalanx was deployed at all, and in scenarios such as when USS Missouri was shot at in the Gulf War, it was missiles that came to the rescue, Phalanx only shot up it's own side.
    1
  4745. Granits are surface skimmers on terminal approach with one of the earliest networking capabilities, Phalanx isn't especially useful again them, which is why the USN started looking into RAM and the like
    1
  4746. In large part because those factors vary wildly for Russia (more than other countries) depending on what time period you are discussing, and further still on which sources you read (two different sources for the same operation will say opposite things about crew quality). As such, I can't make a definitive conclusion as to these factors in many cases so I assume a basic level of competence and upkeep.
    1
  4747. Already done, look for the Iowa Class playlist :)
    1
  4748. It's under the specials list at the bottom
    1
  4749. Sam Stewart I do have a fire control system video on the list. :)
    1
  4750. https://youtu.be/QlXmARMEQVQ
    1
  4751. Anlushac11 new Jersey should be out next week
    1
  4752. The date is mentioned near the start of the video, but as all subsequent events are on that date or the next day, it seemed redundant to keep repeating it.
    1
  4753.  @Jim-nu6ux  Further check, it seems to be the only video of mine that does this, I've uploaded English ones manually but it might take a few hours to process.
    1
  4754.  @Jim-nu6ux  I've checked the settings and nothing is enabled for subtitles/captions except the default allowance for English auto-genned ones.
    1
  4755.  @Jim-nu6ux  I don't have any caption signal, I just record the audio, add pictures and video, then render it on my PC and upload. :)
    1
  4756. I'm not in charge of the captions, that's YT's best guess :D
    1
  4757.  @chuckw1113  it's in Neptunes Inferno by the excellent Mr Hornfischer
    1
  4758. I've put them in order in their playlist :)
    1
  4759. Problem is you either briefly cover it or you go for it in full depth, which then takes over the video, only covering it half-way is the worst of both worlds :(
    1
  4760. There are no such ads
    1
  4761. I've already done a robo-voice video of her, but will update to human voice at some point.
    1
  4762. As a special, why not?
    1
  4763. Yep, Massena is on the list :)
    1
  4764. Big stuff like this gets multiple tabletop wargaming runs.
    1
  4765. The rain squalls move, the landings the 7th needs to protect don't :)
    1
  4766. The assumption was the Taffy's got shifted south to cover Surigao, and the battle time developed at a pace whereby a properly organised air strike would only arrive after the course of the battle had likely been decided. With regards to the PT boats, given their relative lack of impact in confined waters, putting them into a high speed open water engagement seemed cruel :)
    1
  4767. The destroyers were accounted for, however, the USN wasn't wasteful, at Samar the DD's attacked because they had to, when more suitable ships are available, the USN doesn't throw smaller ships away for no good reason. And the radar figure you quote are simply wrong, no radar on any of 7th Fleets ships was capable of giving accurate fire control data out to 47k yards, nor were the guns physically capable of that kind of range. Historically, there were a mix a radars with different ranges and capabilities present aboard the US ships, whose capabilities were reflected in this scenario. As was realistic battle range, it does no good if you can shoot out to 30k yards if there is minimal chance of actually hitting anything.
    1
  4768. Prefer sea blue for next time?
    1
  4769.  @williamt.sherman9841  they thought they were facing a full US fleet with Taffy 3 :p But more practically, they don't have much choice, there are enough destroyers and cruisers to harry and destroy large numbers of them in a running battle away. With Nagato present and Yamato damaged the IJN escorts would have to either fight andndie against the Fletcher swarm or run and yet the Fletcher's torpedo the battleships. Either way, evening they want to run they need to reduce the enemy forces first.
    1
  4770. Very long queue
    1
  4771.  @PSPaaskynen  could definitely add it to the list for consoderation
    1
  4772. Probably the HMS Renown, fiveminuteguides@gmail.com Many thanks :)
    1
  4773. Australian
    1
  4774. Physically gamed on a tabletop following the General Quarters ruleset
    1
  4775.  @jamesadamo2784  Well for a start, Lee's ship at minimum and likely the rest of his unit would be crack gunnery ships, the cruiser and destroyer force with them is numerically inferior to the Japanese in cruisers but superior is destroyers. Given USS Johnston's 'hide in rain squalls and hit with radar directed gunfire' trick, which the larger US ships could pull off as well if they want, making return IJN fire less of a problem, the basic issue is that any of the US battleships in TF34 is more than a match for Kongo or Haruna, and also comfortably superior to Nagato for the most part. The only problem is Yamato, but even if Yamato beats a US battleship as fast as the US ships would beat the Kongo's, that leaves Yamato facing a 2 vs 1 and soon likely a 3 vs 1 once Nagato dies, not accounting for the fact the USN destroyers will likely be cutting through their IJN counterparts to deliver torpedo strikes. As such, even optimistically for the IJN they might get two battleships in exchange for being wiped out, possibly none.
    1
  4776. Would've been a relatively short video :D
    1
  4777. We assumed that they would still be in Surigao as a guard against potential intruders such as the southern force since they are of less use in open sea.
    1
  4778. Did you check the livestream?
    1
  4779.  @scottgiles7546  I understand where you are coming from, I suppose it also depends on your perception of 'assassination' if you view it as the targeted killing of a particular individual to have a wider effect, then Yamamoto was assassinated, it wasn't a random encounter, but as you pointed out, in the military context of the time it made a degree of sense. If on the other hand assassination is correlated with a moral judgement on the act itself then it becomes more difficult and more risky to use the term. I would note that the British weren't too comfortable with the idea of specifically going after Yamamoto personally, although it was couched in terms of risk:reward when it came to exposing Ultra sources. I guess with this answer I was just rolling with the term in the question, I certainly wasn't aiming to make any value judgement on the morality/validity of the operation.
    1
  4780. I've put the videos in a playlist, haven't tabulated them in text form though!
    1
  4781.  @DundeeDazza  Except your first post is not acting as a critic, it's just acting like a douche. A critic would say something like "Why did you use a photo of H24 at timestamp when you're still talking about K Boats?', you did not, you instead expressed faux incredulity and made unfounded assertions. In any case, the 4th of August 1916 commission date for K3 comes from several sources, but for example it is recorded in 'The K Boats', page 39, and 'British Submarines of the Great War', page 209, the RN in this time period has a habit of commissioning first-in-class ships long before trials are completed, and there was a rush on getting the K's into service, which may explain why 'commission' and 'completion' dates are adrift. Both books relate the Prince Albert/KGV dive as occurring before January 1917 but don't specify a date, only a location (Stokes Bay).
    1
  4782.  @DundeeDazza  I am aware, now please take into account there aren't any good photos of a K class nose down and stern up, along with the fact that the accompanying narration made no claim to a specific incident being represented and the fact that the caption showing the incident and sub involved is rather prominent on screen (whereas if I wanted to hide that fact it would be a matter of seconds with editing), and perhaps realise that the photo is meant to be representative of sub-based problems as opposed to specific, hence why the caption is left there instead of zooming in on the sub and ships. Now you see why said photo was used? But instead you'd rather jump to two separate and rather insulting conclusions and turn them into accusations, namely claiming I don't know the difference and by inference apparently can't read, and that I source all my images from the Internet, despite there being a couple of videos and a whole website where I make it clear I gather and maintain my own collection of physical photos in addition to sourcing from other places such as the 'net. Just because you don't immediately understand something does not give you licence to start making wild accusations.
    1
  4783. Or maybe you should pay more attention to what's being shown and described on the video?
    1
  4784.  @flyingtiger112  English keyboards don't seem to have the key for the Little dots, at least not that I've been able to figure out
    1
  4785. The margins on the early non-through deck carriers were really tight. The extra weight and higher landing speed compared to the Pup meant it couldn't recover to a ship that had a rear-only landing deck. :)
    1
  4786. ?
    1
  4787. What?!
    1
  4788. The early part was somewhat abbreviated to get to the 'true' carriers which are the main subject.
    1
  4789. Yep :)
    1
  4790. Yes, it says so in the video description :)
    1
  4791. Send me a message on Discord :)
    1
  4792.  @liberalsockpuppet4772 It's all from NARA, the ID codes are listed in the video description :)
    1
  4793. Should be in the video description :)
    1
  4794. I'll be there in April :)
    1
  4795. The Kamchatka Penisula on the Pacifoc Coast
    1
  4796. Some, but it takes a while to get everything arranged with my wargaming group
    1
  4797. Not yet :)
    1
  4798. It's the order they'll come in :)
    1
  4799. Although the battleships would've had some use elsewhere, its more the carriers, cruisers and destroyer flotillas attached to them. Thousands of aircraft and numerous carrier Operations were launched against Tirpitz, the carriers and aircraft would be very useful elsewhere. The Home Fleet destroyer flotillas could have been put to work in the Atlantic against U-boats. More cruisers to run down commerce raiders, Glorious might've survived Norway. Without the Italian heavy units in play the Royal Navy would've been able to effect a much more effective interdiction of Rommel's supply train, shortening the Desert War, etc. No individual change would make a war changing event, but collectively those extra resourced would've had a considerable impact.
    1
  4800. Haven't served in a Navy myself. How would you pronounce Yamato?
    1
  4801. She was due the same kind of rebuild Warspite and Queen Elizabeth got, so that kind of damage would've made such work the only possible option
    1
  4802. "The Big Gun: Battleship Main Armament 1860-1945" by Peter Hodges , "Naval Weapons of World War One" by Norman Friedman, "British Battleships of World War Two" by Alan Raven and John Roberts
    1
  4803. A few sources, but in particular one guy who serves on Burkes has told me his last two deployments were done with at most a couple dozen VLS cells filled.
    1
  4804. I believe they are somewhere on the list :)
    1
  4805. Nope, YouTube gives me nothing except the hosting space
    1
  4806. If I had the time!
    1
  4807. Well, Villeneuve might have convinced himself of that, albeit if he did he proved the lie of it in his execution of leaving Cadiz leading to Trafalgar.
    1
  4808. That's coming in the Age of Sail recommendations :)
    1
  4809. I actually have two black capes, one hooded and one not :D
    1
  4810.  @spiffinz  I live, no seems not :)
    1
  4811. It formed a brine :)
    1
  4812. Table salt and sea salt are very different :)
    1
  4813. This is a very good point
    1
  4814. Pretty sure that wasn't an option aboard ship :)
    1
  4815. Well, that would assume a decent amount of spare fresh water aboard the ship, which probably wouldn't be the case on a day to day basis :)
    1
  4816.  @Pozi_Drive  https://youtu.be/2pxisLEDiFQ?si=WRV_iel4XOjoY-3S 😀
    1
  4817.  @Wambampy  it seems so, they may be what brought the survivors to the surface.
    1
  4818. I showed the relative angle of travel as best I could, but I'm not a 3d animator, so it's a bit difficult to give a 'shells eye view'. Some of the rendered stills show the appropriate angle though
    1
  4819. The ships have different dimensions and the charges have difference chemical compositions, plus there was no high-pressure barrier between Arizona's magazines and the funnels (that, and forward magazine to funnel is much shorter than aft magazine to the funnels). So they're related and some lessons can be learned, but I would hesitate to draw direction comparisons.
    1
  4820. It does seem extraordinary but this detection was made over prolonged time by the Prinz Eugens hydrophobic operators. If that contact wasn't torpedoes then there's a lot to explain what the cruisers expert hydrophone men heard :)
    1
  4821.  @RedXlV  no, but it does make comparisons slightly unfair, the main point being that Algerie achieved almost as much protection, better range and more accurate guns on a hull that displaced significantly less. Therefore, I would argue it's a superior design.
    1
  4822. A combination of relatively short range, relatively inaccurate guns and the fact that they were significantly over the treaty limits.
    1
  4823. Their battle doctrine still called for the decisive gun battle, the carriers were the first layer of weakening the enemy fleet, then subs, then cruisers and destroyers, but the doctrine ultimately came down to a final glorious gunfight. Now, in reality it didn't work out that way, but doctrine and use are two different questions.
    1
  4824.  @HaVoC117X    this is incorrect, South Dakota lost electrical power to it's systems as a result on an on-board electrical fault during the initial skirmish with the IJN destroyers. Atago and Takao engaged the ship later when it's systems were already down, and despite this later battering was able to reestablish some it's systems later in the engagement. This is why it's unrepresentative of the class in general, the fault was caused by human error and training and the underlying issue was rectified after the battle. With Bismarck, the guns remaining operational after the main fcs lines were cut meant little as without that data their ability to hit the enemy was badly degraded, allowing the enemy to get even more shots in, included penetrating hits, the most spectacular being the destruction of Bruno turret to a penetrating hit by Rodney. Conversely, the crew of the secondary fcs stations largely survived, with their equipment demolished later in the battle by direct penetrating hits. Sensor loss is of course a problem but the sensors are a fairly small target on a battleship, the cables run across much more of the ship and are much more likely to take damage, and if not protected are also much easier to damage, a hit nearby can knock out unprotected cables with shrapnel, whereas the actual FCS sensors usually require a direct impact to get rid of. And with regards to German gunnery, their hitting first is something of a myth in capital engagements. At Lofoten they score hits simultaneously with Renown, at Denmark Strait it's Prince of Wales that scores the first hit, in it's last battle Bismarck was still establishing range when Rodney scored the first hits. At North Cape the British scored the first hits against Scharnhorst, not the other way around, and that's pretty much all the major capital ship actions the Germans took part in.
    1
  4825. With regards to Tirpitz vs Renown, in that scenario Tirpitz would be fighting Alabama, Renown would be fighting Prinz Eugen and would only engage Tirpitz after Print Eugen was destroyed and Tirpitz would already be engaged with Alabama. At no point would Renown be engaged 1v1 with Tirpitz.
    1
  4826. In theory, sure. A ship without power is a dead ship without help.
    1
  4827. The main problem with that fight is more the Renown Vs Prinz Eugen fight, that's a short battle with an obvious winner that allows Renown to join in against Tirpitz. That seals the battle quite decisively. The other main issue is the flaws in the Bismarck/Tirpitz design regarding the placement of communication cables over the main armoured deck, it just makes it far easier to degrade their combat ability even with hits that don't breach the main protection.
    1
  4828. The only thing I'd point out is US fire control systems were what were used in the Iowa exercise, at the low 20k's hits could be expected, above that, even with Iowa's FCS, not so much.
    1
  4829. At the time when both ships were in a comparable state neither Nagato nor North Carolina had radar. Comparing a mid/late war NC to Nagato would be something of a cheat. :)
    1
  4830.  @greenfingernaildirt356  it depends whose figures you take and at what time in the war. Operationally the German ships seem to have made 29-30knots and the SoDaks 27-27.5knots (as opposed to somewhat artificial trial speeds) so I judged the overall speed gap to be not quite enough for significance.
    1
  4831. I generally mention speed when it's a 3 knot or greater advantage.
    1
  4832.  @nightshade7745  it depends greatly on exactly how the shells hit, penetration can change the angle of shells, and at certain angles a main belt penetration can angle the shell down almost perpendicular to the deck, which makes further penetration much more likely as the anglenis reduced. There was also at least one magazine fire aboard that survivors tell of. So clearly something was getting through the turtleneck into the vitals.
    1
  4833. It's an odd one where math and reality split, as reports from Bismarck report flooding amin a number of machinery spaces during it's last battle due to hits.
    1
  4834. For most ships that were built reasonably before a major war, most nations had a decent idea of their capabilities. Ships built close to or during wartime were not so well known by the other side.
    1
  4835. Night fighting was definitely something the IJN trained very heavily for and held the initial upper hand in. North Carolina did however have a CXAM-1 radar set from the start so at shorter ranges she could still detect a target, albeit she could not use the radar for fire control. I suspect in 1942 Nagato would've held a night advantage unless North Carolina closed in to a point where either visual spotting or searchlights came into play. By 1944 her refitted radar and fire control would give North Carolina a decisive advantage.
    1
  4836. It went back and forth, both entered the dreadnought era with 12", the RN went ahead with 13.5", then the USN with 14", then the RN with 15", then the USN with 16". In the '20's the RN would've gone ahead again with 18", but in the 30's the USN retained 16" whilst the RN went 14" and planned to go to 16".
    1
  4837. A speed advantage of 2-3 knots is generally not decisive enough for a tactical advantage as things like the condition of the ship at that particular time, wind and currents for their particular alignments etc tend to cancel this out. Looking at the Battle of Denmark Strait, the Germans had a notional ~3 knot speed advantage yet the British were still able to close with them. If you use a marginal speed advantage to simply run away, then the other side wins by default.
    1
  4838. A few factors: 1) As BC's they would spend more time running faster and so need refits sooner as they'd wear out quicker. 2) With 4 G3's in the fleet they make up a bigger portion of the fleet compared to the Nelson's. 3) Their sheer size gives more space to play with in terms of upgrades. 4) Unless an escalator clause was invoked they'd still be the biggest, strongest and fastest ships in the fleet, so it makes sense to keep them at the top of their game.
    1
  4839.  @dwightlooi  yes, but in exactly the same battle, despite all six battleships having radar, Maryland ended up having to range visually by splashes, Mississippi missed with it's only salvo and Pennsylvania couldn't even find a target and didn't open fire. (These all had older radars) Further, despite having the same equipment as West Virginia, neither Tennessee nor California scored first salvo hits. As I said, numerous factors come into play radar helps, but it guarantees nothing. Look at the radar-guided Iowa's ranged firing tests in the late war, perfect conditions and no return fire, radar still couldn't guarantee hits at long range.
    1
  4840.  @StoolieP  Folded in torpedo net booms :)
    1
  4841.  Andie Williams  which source for which aspect would you like?
    1
  4842. Yep, accidentally stuck in a photo with a name one character off the one I actually wanted.
    1
  4843. Indeed, however, with so many navies being covered, I use MN, KMS, IJN etc as a shorthand so people know at a glance which navy the ship belongs to :)
    1
  4844. Two parts of the Anglo-German Naval Agreement indicate Germany is bound by the same tonnage/calibre limits as everyone else by signing it: (d)The German Government favour, the matter of limitation of naval armaments, that system which divides naval vessels into categories, fixing the maximum tonnage and/or armament for vessels in each category, and allocates the tonnage to be allowed to each Power by categories of vessels. Consequently, in principle, and subject to (f) below, the German Government are prepared to apply the 35 per cent. ratio to the tonnage of each category of vessel to be maintained, and to make any variation of this ratio in a particular category or categories dependent on the arrangements to this end that may be arrived at in a future general treaty on naval limitation, such arrangements being based on the principle that any increase in one category would be compensated for by a corresponding reduction in others. If no general treaty on naval limitation should be concluded, or if the future general treaty should not contain provision creating limitation by categories, the manner and degree in which the German Government will have the right to vary the 35 percent. ratio in one or more categories will be a matter for settlement by agreement between the German Government and His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom, in the light of the naval situation then existing. (g) Since it is highly improbable that the calculation of the 35 per cent. ratio should give for each category of vessels tonnage figures exactly divisible by the maximum individual tonnage permitted for ships in that category, it may be necessary that adjustments should be make in order that Germany shall not be debarred from utilising her tonnage to the full. It has consequently been agreed that the German Government and His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom will settle by common accord what adjustments are necessary for this purpose, and it will be understood that this procedure shall not result in any substantial or permanent departure from the ratio 35:100 in respect of total strengths.
    1
  4845. In English characters, jun'yōsenkan
    1
  4846. How odd, maybe so?
    1
  4847. Nope, you're the most survivable of us :)
    1
  4848. There should be, email me if there are issues and I'll try to fix them :)
    1
  4849. Santissima Trinidad disagrees :D
    1
  4850. A bit of both, as the various forms of steel formed at different temperatures form crystal structures at the atomic level, (well, at the level of a handful of modules at least), with the quenching and tempering affecting how large those individual structures can grow, which can reach the more easily visible scale.
    1
  4851. It would be in it's own category as a non-facehardened steel along with others of it's type :)
    1
  4852. Did make reference to it :)
    1
  4853.  @hitoshisawa8479  right after I explain how up is down. Yamato had the thickest armour, but qualitatively not the best.
    1
  4854.  @jamess2873  the experiences of the Nemesis were one aspect, there was also the action between Guadeloupe and Austin in the Mexico-Texas war, where the former ship was under the command of an RN officer on holiday. This was combined with the 1845 land based tests and the destruction of the Ruby by HMS Excellent, an early SINKEX, Plus combat experienced by the Harpy and Lizard.
    1
  4855.  @jamess2873  not armoured per se in terms of distinct armour plates, but attempts to build iron ships where their hulls were of iron enough to replace/replicate the wooden sides of previous ships. HMS Vulcan/Birkenhead was one of these ships
    1
  4856. It mainly has the advantage of being lighter for the same strength, but much more expensive than steel. Also can't be face hardened from what I understand. So as Class B armour it would make a viable if costly substitute for weight saving. But not for belt armour.
    1
  4857. My signing is bad enough I don't think YT can possibly think that's a professional recording 😀
    1
  4858.  @Tater4200  on the Iowas, the ships with 16"/45 use slightly less powder
    1
  4859. True!
    1
  4860. Size of aircraft, folding wings or not, plus the balance of repair facilties vs hanger storage etc would bear on things.
    1
  4861. I'll make sure it's on the list :)
    1
  4862. It has already been done :)
    1
  4863. He would later become Admiral Yamamoto and lead the IJN into WW2 :)
    1
  4864. I try, but I know a lot of it isn't precise. I'll be following up with a proper pronunciation video next week.
    1
  4865. Sure thing, I'll find someone else who's won multiple prizes for public speaking...
    1
  4866. Lots of sketches existed in the first half of the 1900's, but if they took time to be realised, then it's better to point out when that realisation occurred.
    1
  4867. Yep
    1
  4868. It was named after a general with the family name, so isn't two separate words as far as the ship goes.
    1
  4869. Not yet, but another commentator has indicated a movie of at least part of Narvik is in the works.
    1
  4870. I'm trying to find a decent model wind arrow and compass rose :)
    1
  4871.  @ROBERTN-ut2il  I don't think losses can really be used as a metric, the Towns faced the bulk of their losses and damage in the earlier part of the war when the US wasn't even involved, which is the period when AA defences were much weaker. A Brooklyn off Crete isn't going to do any better IMO.
    1
  4872. He'd have to wait to make them ready, thanks to needs of the Colombo raid the ready-strike Vals don't have Zeroes also warmed up
    1
  4873.  @scottgiles7546  scheduled for this year :D
    1
  4874. I covered it in some detail in the video on HMAS Sydney. :)
    1
  4875. Radar vs top grade optics is a bit of a wash in good weather during the day at this time period. Squalls, mist, fog, adverse lighting or night give radar a decisive edge.
    1
  4876. He is on twitter, I also follow him there :)
    1
  4877.  @zdenekhruby9242  I believe its because some of them would be in the bow or stern positions and thus only one would be needed there
    1
  4878. With naval guns, most of them are described as [Calibre]/[Barrel length in calibres]
    1
  4879. It's something I can look into.
    1
  4880.  @trikkinikki970  That would be a great read!
    1
  4881. Well, the capital of the UK is London in English, Londres in Spanish, etc, so a single spelling isn't strictly needed :)
    1
  4882. Admiral Nimitz video went up some hours ago :)
    1
  4883. The few large RCN ships could be done with RN vessels with different flags. The bulk of the RCN would likely be Cruel Seas scale escorts
    1
  4884.  @hudsonball4702  decent odds if someone funds the expedition :)
    1
  4885. Just an archaic spelling of the same :)
    1
  4886.  @benjaminepstein5856  Neither :D
    1
  4887. Eventually
    1
  4888. Pinned post for Q&A :)
    1
  4889. It's more that the recoil is so powerful you have to weigh down the tripod or it skips :D
    1
  4890. My phone 😀
    1
  4891.  @memonk11  I'm happy to accept valid critiscm. If you feel there is too much negativity in my videos then that's something I'm happy to work towards changing. The only part I objected to was the claim that I exempted the British from criticism, IE allowing nationalism to colour my narration, which I don't believe I do.
    1
  4892. You obviously haven't listened to any of my videos on British ships then. Plenty of idocy to be found there as well.
    1
  4893. Email the channel at fiveminuteguides@gmail.com and I'll send it to you :)
    1
  4894. Indeed :D
    1
  4895. Both sides declared war on each other on Dec 11th 1941, Germany first, America in response later that day.
    1
  4896. There is a series of videos on the Iowa's in the 'playlists' section of the channels :)
    1
  4897.  @Skiwattentotten  it depends on budget and use. Stone will normally last until the end of civilization if a good type is used and properly installed, but for something that's going to take a lot of impact, wear and tear and maybe need to be modified or replaced then rebar concrete is fine as you don't expect it to last a century without change.
    1
  4898. If I ever find myself in the USA again, I'll make a point of visiting :)
    1
  4899.  @jack_leinen  It did, but Bismark was built 20years+ after Texas, so didn't factor into it's design decisions. German ships at the time Texas was built has 11 and12 inch weapons. :)
    1
  4900. Plan Z will have its own video
    1
  4901.  @ThatZenoGuy  I think the USN did a bit more bashing that I did :p
    1
  4902. Why hello there :)
    1
  4903. Stuck it a huge block or marine concrete
    1
  4904. She is on the list :)
    1
  4905. You can email the channel if you want :)
    1
  4906. My apologies :(
    1
  4907. Torpedo bombers were just about coming into service, but AA armament of the time was usually just a couple of small guns, barely more use than nothing.
    1
  4908. She's a pre-dreadnought :)
    1
  4909. My main wish is to keep it from going the way of every other dreadnought.
    1
  4910. Do you mean where was the photo taken or which ship is Texas?
    1
  4911. Officaly it's called a 'range clock', unofficially it's an "enemy in this direction" sign :p
    1
  4912. We will get there eventually.
    1
  4913. It wasn't, but as the sailor represents me and my channel and I have not personally served in a navy, I chose to have a deliberately ahistorical representation so it was clear I wasn't claiming any association I am not entitled to.
    1
  4914. See the latest video :)
    1
  4915. Not quite, they haven't set it on fire yet.
    1
  4916. https://youtu.be/c0Aw08OU1g0
    1
  4917. Eden is on the list, as are most of the German dreadnoughts
    1
  4918. SMS Seeadler
    1
  4919.  @lelandgaunt9985  a bunch of those are due for reviews :)
    1
  4920. Sure, drop the channel an email at fiveminuteguides@gmail.com :)
    1
  4921. Some of them are of other ships where relevant, but most are of Texas, or include Texas.
    1
  4922. It has its own charm :)
    1
  4923. As well as a better environment she was held in naval reserve until the 70's and has had at least one major overhaul since, in theory she's at a similar long term risk, but only if they don't keep up her maintainence schedule.
    1
  4924.  @ClimateScepticSceptic-ub2rg  yep, next one should be out this month
    1
  4925. Sure thing
    1
  4926. That's a French center battery ironclad
    1
  4927. It would depend on how much they could get the speed up I think. The Mackensens were fast for WW1, but by WW2 battleships would be able to catch them. If they could get the design up to 30knots then it might be viable.
    1
  4928. In theory you could have dropped a triple 16" instead of the quad 15", but it would have involved a custom turret converted from imperial to metric, and the resulting six gun salvo would have been skirting the lower edge of useful. Using 15"/42 would allow for the retention of an eight gun salvo but would again need a custom turret with Imperial to metric conversions.
    1
  4929. That's the single largest weakness of the design, you're effectively installing contact-detonated bombs on your exposed upper deck, whereas normal torpedoes are actually quite hard to blow up without properly arming them first.
    1
  4930. Not intentionally, but that was the effect.
    1
  4931. By the end of the battle Java had a lot less rigging left to repair as most.ofnit was shot away 😀 Depending on the period French frigates could be larger (38-40 gun vs 32 or 36 gun) but Constitution was considerably larger than most frigates of any nation.
    1
  4932. The article was a part of the sources I used in formulating the video, however, I added quite substantial other information to the video as a whole, and whilst informative the article itself is unsourced. Therefore, I had to verify anything I used from it from independent sources, the articles contents do almost entirely check out, which is good, but at that point the credit for the information and to a degree the style really goes to the original sources used in its creation. All the sources used in this video will be mentioned in an upcoming Drydock episode when I cover this video and it's accompanying five minute guide as per the new drydock format laid out in Ep034. Hope that helps
    1
  4933. I would be happy to digitise them all for you. :)
    1
  4934. Sure, we have a few classes of them on the list in various positions :)
    1
  4935.  @RedbookGereute-bs1xg  There are half a dozen different claims to who 'invented' the screw propeller in the 19th century, but Pettit-Smith's was the one that 'caught on' and was taken forward into widespread use after some adaptation.
    1
  4936. I think it was caused by a supposed audio improvement software from nvidia nominating itself as a primary microphone.
    1
  4937. What's an ESTA waiver? Do I need to do it before I leave?
    1
  4938. No
    1
  4939. Well, none of it is.
    1
  4940. Indeed
    1
  4941. Depends on the variant, early models were rotated by hand, and had minimal baffling against prop noise, so effectively were useless in the rear arc. Later.models would get powered rotation and/or better compensation against prop and other machinery noise, which made looking aft more practical. Still later models had 360 degree sensors and didn't need to be rotated at all.
    1
  4942. Not really, the USN was worried about exactly that
    1
  4943. The main concern was remaining Vichy elements attacking Allied supply lines if bypassed.
    1
  4944. There was an abortive class in the 1920s
    1
  4945. UK foresting levels have bounced back and forth, pre-Roman it was heavily forested, by the end of the Roman period a lot had been cut down, at the start of the Norman period most of it had grown back, by the Black Death huge amounts of that had been cut down again. Etc, etc :)
    1
  4946. Sure
    1
  4947. There is a robo-voice on the Agincourt, the others I can add to the list.
    1
  4948. I believe it's still on my list here on the PC :)
    1
  4949. Yeah but the aides don't need their own cabins 😀
    1
  4950. The was briefly a version of Ukraine during the White/Red Russian civil war
    1
  4951. True, although you could also try Tirpitz :)
    1
  4952. I compare the various sub classes by test depth as although almost any sub can go deeper than this, exactly how much deeper is both variable and risky, often on a per-boat basis.
    1
  4953. There is a difference between being effective in torpedoing enemy warships, which submarines of all navies accomplished to varying degrees in the course of their operations, and the dedicated fleet scout and kill mission profile for a battlefleet engagement that the Gato's were originally designed for.
    1
  4954. According to Cod's website the engines are functional.
    1
  4955. https://youtu.be/NzdpxKqEUAw?si=lEloVQryFIdQ-Xze
    1
  4956. Jefferson was out of office, it was Madison who was President at the time and exerting pressure on Chauncey.
    1
  4957. I think the channel in question is dead :(
    1
  4958. Yeah, meant 1813
    1
  4959. The number and quality of British units available in the theatre took a huge upturn in 1814, just as the Napoleonic Wars were thought to have come to an end. There is something of a connection there. And no, at no point did the British have any intentions of trying to retake the USA.
    1
  4960. Those areas were mostly used for accommodation and officers day cabins on ocean going ships, on a ship that was never likely to be away from shore for more than a week or two, it wasn't a necessary part of the ship.
    1
  4961. Uh, did you listen to the video?
    1
  4962. A bit like the Mediterranean
    1
  4963. I used the WoWS picture for the ship as it's a good illustration of the ships layout (at least as-built) and there are relatively few photo's of the ship. Any other confluence between stated capability of the ship and WoWS is simply where WoWS agrees with the historical record.
    1
  4964. Eventually
    1
  4965. Yes, changes in the alloy formula meant the hardened face retained some ductile behaviour (less shattering, therefore more resistance) whilst still remaining hard enough resist shells, and the softer back had a significantly higher tensile strength than anything other than the latest German plate, so a shell was more likely to be damaged/slowed by the face and then had to exert a huge amount of energy to rip apart the backing face.
    1
  4966.  @xxnightdriverxx9576  that's battle damage to a Queen Elizabeth class from Jutland :)
    1
  4967. Yep
    1
  4968.  @frosty3693  Drop me an email :)
    1
  4969. That's the Nevada class layout :)
    1
  4970. Pretty much.
    1
  4971. To be fair the armoured deck is several levels down in the ship, whether the bomb went through a hatch or straight through the upper deck wouldn't have affected it's penetration capabilities all that much.
    1
  4972.  @jetdriver  There was a similar store in the aft magazines, there was some black powder aboard for the catapults, but nothing like the amount stored for the main charges.
    1
  4973.  @codename15510  Discord link in the description :)
    1
  4974. In theory yes, the British could exhaust the German gunners at long range then move in, but at the same time risking a deck smashing long range hit might not be such a good thing.
    1
  4975. They were very accurate at destroying things at the start of the war as well if you include self-mutilation :p
    1
  4976.  @h8hornets  there's a spreadshirt link in the video descriptions :)
    1
  4977. The British carriers were Invincible and Hermes, Ark Royal hadn't been built yet. As for an Argentine submarine torpedo attack, I've heard some claims such an attack was made, but I have yet to see definitive evidence it took place.
    1
  4978. It's bit like the F-35, there are a few good angles, you just have to find them.
    1
  4979. Indeed, the purpose of the specials is to give people a variety, some they'll like, others less so, but it's a distinct line from the guides and Drydock :)
    1
  4980. They still have the Harpoon's, but it's a much less capable weapon (albeit much smaller) than the naval Tomahawk
    1
  4981. Semi-addicted to Rule the Waves :)
    1
  4982. There is one on the Discord server, but can put a link here if you want?
    1
  4983. Not part of them but would be happy to work with them.
    1
  4984. Unfortunately it was rendered non operational prior to the ship getting hold of it. If you look carefully the frame has been cut
    1
  4985.  @shadowwolf2608  the basic rule is don't ask something wholly or mostly outside of the period and topic of the channel. Other than that, go for it
    1
  4986. Yep, going in order from the earliest videos in general.
    1
  4987. King George V after accidentally ramming a destroyer :)
    1
  4988. I have no idea why it's doing that :(
    1
  4989. If they got the drop on them they have the armament to do damage, but once the fight is on, their main hope is to dive away and run.
    1
  4990. It would likely work extremely well. The main issue is that nowadays most nations object to armed merchantmen entering their ports. So such ships would have to be naval auxiliaries sent out specifically as bait.
    1
  4991. Operating costs come from USN testimony on why they mothballed the ships so quickly along with later testimony on scrapping them, both times relating to the costs of running an Iowa.
    1
  4992. As a torpedo bomber it's not really suited for attacking moving targets with heavy AP bombs, it's much easier to go after stationary targets when you aren't using the optimal weapon for the aircraft.
    1
  4993. At the lowest speeds a zero is more agile, but at most dogfighting speeds an equivilant era Spitfire was capable of beating a zero in maneurvering contest.
    1
  4994.  @bushyfromoz8834  the RAAF had number of experienced pilots and this obviously kept growing. I was referring more specifically to the oft-cited raid on Darwin which some use to claim the Zero was vastly superior to the Spitfire.
    1
  4995. That and most of the pilots over Darwin were incredibly new and combat inexperienced. The one who was a veteran was able to hold off multiple Zeroes.
    1
  4996. Check the pinned post :)
    1
  4997. It varies hugely depending on era and nation. Some setups were 'input neutral' ie they needed no further input to remain in a given position once there and if crippled would simply be stuck there. Others were 'input positive', ie they needed constant force applied to keep them in place, in that case a failure in the system would see them fall to the lowest setting, as in Lutzow at Drobak Sound. :)
    1
  4998. I might do a PhD in a year or two :)
    1
  4999.  @tamlandipper29  Eventually :)
    1
  5000. Similar, yes
    1
  5001. I tend to go with the period where large standing navies as the instruments of state policy became widespread, as opposed to random collections of mainly private shipping with a few Royal ships mixed in for fun. :)
    1
  5002. Among several other errors this comment seems to think that this video about Admiral Lee is about Admiral King.
    1
  5003. You're welcome :)
    1
  5004. Sure, I think SoS is one the list already but will add it and Mary Rose in any case :)
    1
  5005. There was some experimentation trying to see if explosives could be made stable enough to give an EM propelled projectile an explosive payload. Don't know how far it went.
    1
  5006. Sorry, fixed.
    1
  5007. Patrons get the video a day early :)
    1
  5008.  @JimBatka  well, what were the USN's objectives and which ones did they fulfil?
    1
  5009. Also depends on the angle of fall but some impacts have been calculated at anything between 20 and 30 mph, sometimes more
    1
  5010. Free divers have sometimes got the bends. They result from the pressure of the sea compressing the gases in your blood coupled with a too rapid ascent. Typically scuba divers are the ones who go deep enough/long enough to be vulnerable but being sucked down far deeper than a free divers could safely go and then being popped back to the surface far too rapidly can also give you the bends.
    1
  5011. Drop me an email and I can send you a copy :)
    1
  5012. I let my guests choose as much or as little information as they want to give for their introduction 😀
    1
  5013. Senator :)
    1
  5014. It's available on the channel homepage under 'About' :)
    1
  5015. Pretty much by now, some get close when you discount the intro :)
    1
  5016.  @amerigo88  could you link me to said discussion? :)
    1
  5017.  @wordsshackles441 Volume 41 is the one that covers the Battle of Leyte Gulf, and thus includes Engano, Samar and Surigao Strait
    1
  5018.  @niclasjohansson4333  there are a lot of conflicts between the IJN and USN accounts of the battle. :)
    1
  5019. The Japanese battle records only show Yamato engaging a 'cruiser' at the same time as Johnston's hits at that time take place.
    1
  5020. At some.point this year I plan to cover the Medway Raid, our Dutch viewers should be pleased I'm sure :)
    1
  5021. The main reason for it being called the Battle off Samar is because it was considered to be an action within the larger Battle of Leyte Gulf, hence was also often called the Action off Samar. There was also a land battle on Samar. However, I prefer to catagorise this as it's own battle, hence I use 'of' instead of 'off', admittedly it's not a mainstream opinion but it does have some following. Ultimately, other actions at the time, Sibuyan Sea and Surigao Strait, are called 'Battle of', so to me using 'Battle off' almost minimises this encounters importance.
    1
  5022. As soon as I learn how to animate things :p
    1
  5023.  @glennmccullagh5908  damn, the ticker had the right date etc. Then it defaults to an old value. I will have to investigate.
    1
  5024. Recreation, where possible I try to incorporate it :)
    1
  5025. As mentioned to another commentator, sources differ on who shot at Johnston.
    1
  5026. One of the biggest issues researching this battle is that a high number of the hits scored on US ships are disputed as to who scored them, with different sources from reputable saying different things. :)
    1
  5027. I don't currently have it in my library. I do vaguely recall reading at some point though.
    1
  5028. Is that a new YT thing or something I might be able to fix?
    1
  5029.  @marcnyquist7762  fiveminuteguides@gmail.com
    1
  5030. Entirely at your own discretion :D
    1
  5031. The problem is that historic examples seem to indicate the concussive effect was (Depending on the case) somewhat more than deafening and could range from 'stunning' to 'turn peoples brains to jelly', thus killing them. Many (albeit not all) heavy shell impacts on conning towers seem to have incapacitated or killed most everyone inside regardless of penetration. Thus, even not accounting for issues of reduction of the ability to see and command, or the fact that a shell might simply pass by a bridge with a lesser horizontal footprint, if you were going to have a conning tower it would make more sense to have it protected only against cruiser-grade gunfire, since the heavy armour doesn't usually seem to actually save anyone, just killed them in a different way.
    1
  5032. Soon
    1
  5033. Yes, a few days ago 😀
    1
  5034. Most WW2 escapes from subs come once the sub has come to rest and is flooding, some time after the hit, so the pressures are more commensurate with the depth.
    1
  5035. Aye
    1
  5036. Eventually :)
    1
  5037. Basically back when they were being tested for service BuOrd didn't want to 'waste' money testing live torpedoes and used an inert head with no detonator or warhead. This meant that not only did the tests demonstrate behaviour and unrealistic levels of buoyancy, nobody realised the detonator design was such that it would be crushed without activating on impact.
    1
  5038. In the latter half of the war once they fixed all the issues the Mk14 was turned into a pretty decent torpedo, it just took far longer than necessary to get to that stage.
    1
  5039. It's no problem, I usually have the pictures of any video in their own folder.
    1
  5040.  @Right-Is-Right  i went in the summer, but given all the help I got there, it only seems fair to time the video release where it'll do the most good for the island.
    1
  5041. The diagrams published at the time sometimes get funnel counts wrong, especially if the ship hasn't yet been seen by the writer. For Subic, possibly they dismantled one due to rust weakening.
    1
  5042. Thats weird, I'm recording much louder on more recent videos at my end.
    1
  5043. I'll add them to the list of they aren't there already
    1
  5044. Yeah, it's a problem I'm trying to break out of
    1
  5045. It's a revoicing of an old video, so I kept the old intro. Do you think it would be better with the new one?
    1
  5046. Sure, they're a bit down the list though.
    1
  5047. They are two different systems that link together, radar or optical rangefinding gave data to the fire control computers, how good a solution you got depending to a degree on how good your fire control computers were, but also on the quality of data available to put into those computers, which comes from your rangefinders.
    1
  5048. I explained in the opening part why they have a couple of additional cruisers this time :)
    1
  5049. The aircraft show up, but between the time needed to figure out what's going on, switch to anti-ship weapons, launch, gather and get over there, the gun battle is probably going to be largely over :)
    1
  5050.  @sidvyas8549  I tend to use British Post the Act of Union, sometimes I bounce between the two for the period between James I and the Act of Union, really depends on the context.
    1
  5051. Ages ago YouTube refused to monetise the channel three times in a row without any reason or appeal. They would probably do so now. But then they'd get as money from my work.
    1
  5052. Presumably you can back up your accusations about the video with time-stamoed examples?
    1
  5053. I used the USN order of battle for Cape Engano, as that was the most proximate battle to the introduction of the BPF.
    1
  5054. Yep, but after 1950 :)
    1
  5055. Due to the significant angle of impact single thickness decks could usually reject the shells completely, there were other styles which had multiple decks although they tended to work more on the principle of kicking off the fuse with the later deck layers collecting the shell fragments and splinters. :)
    1
  5056. There should only be one skippable ad at the start.
    1
  5057. They are heavier, so they travel more slowly and in a greater ballistic arc for the same range, and are a bit shorter range than normal weight equivilants. The idea was to get them to drop at steeper angles onto deck armour, thus making them better at long range engagements. Problem is those longer range engagements were basically impractical to start with, and the extra flight time of the shells just made that worse.
    1
  5058. Saturday and Wednesday is 1200 UK time, Sunday is approximately 1200 UK time as I have to manually release that one :)
    1
  5059.  @oxcart4172  that's what the Drydock is for, questions from here go into there :)
    1
  5060. Time allowing :)
    1
  5061. Depends on the railgun. But for anything currently being considered, No, unless they build an AP shell and hit the magazines.
    1
  5062. I think with the complexity of ship battles a 1v1 is about the most that is relatively easily quantifiable. Once you get into scenarios with many ships, aircraft etc then there are so many variables it's impossible to call an outcome unless one side or the other has some undisputed superiority in a key area.
    1
  5063. Sure, got a few lined up in the list :)
    1
  5064. Most ships of the period could turn inside 650-700m, give or take a bit (Yamato was actually incredibly agile), Iowa's radius was significantly higher than this (by 50-70m depending on the source). It wasn't as bad as some (eg HMS Vanguard), but it was significantly less than all other US battleships. On the destroyer side, some US destroyers, especially the Fletchers, were hilariously slow to turn (over 1000m), which could well account for the kind of photo you describe. The ability to turn is largely dependent on rudder size and power vs the length to beam ratio of the ship. Iowa had good rudders, but was exceptionally long for its beam (to allow for it's high speed). This would make it worse at dodging torpedoes that more agile ships.
    1
  5065. As said, the Q&A pinned post :)
    1
  5066. If there are people who want it, sure I can make it available after tankfest. And many thanks for your continued viewership! :)
    1
  5067.  @sammybarnes9511  there is a greater margin on battleships, but you'll notice that despite similar deck space the refitted standards which had a lot of top weight removed generally carried more light/medium AA than less upgraded relatives. One 40mm mount doesn't make much difference, dozens do. And on smaller ships like Atlanta's and destroyers They had to ditch other weapons systems to avoid dangerous stability conditions in order to fit more such AA.
    1
  5068.  @siremilcrane  primary KoB yes, but have almost everything except for Blazing Sun, that fleet is relatively small.
    1
  5069.  @kemarisite  it was introduced in some ships once the problems were appreciated fully, but not from the outset.
    1
  5070.  @PeklyCZ  they are coming :)
    1
  5071.  @Primarch359  I can certainly look at including it more often in the future :)
    1
  5072. It's the 1853-1958 naval ensign, darker blue than the national flag and a slightly wider red stripe :)
    1
  5073. Maybe I can ask him to be involved in the larger scale tests where the variable is now various fuel mixtures? :)
    1
  5074. I have some self respect 😀
    1
  5075. I tried that off screen, the colder ingredients just make the resin resolidify :(
    1
  5076. Hacksmith mini lightsabre :)
    1
  5077. Naptha is originally a catchall term from ancient times that seems to cover all petroleum/oil substances thinner that tar or pitch
    1
  5078.  @Breakthroughsoftware  I suspect 20mm aiming at low flying aircraft.
    1
  5079. Various Americans 😀
    1
  5080. I was referring specifically to a small, cheap 'expendable' ROV that could be sent down with a larger ROV or mini sub and then sent inside a ship to explore. If it gets snagged and lost it's not such a big deal.
    1
  5081. It's called 'The Last Warrior'
    1
  5082. Not correct, whilst she could fire whilst the turret rotated, the turret at rest could not rotate and needed to be jacked up slightly to turn, this can be seen quite clearly on the ships plans.
    1
  5083. And you base this on???
    1
  5084.  @edireland8983  basically the engine wasn't ready in time. She was a little slower as a result, but not that much thanks to a combination of less drag and weight and the fact the centre shaft was mainly for cruising anyway.
    1
  5085.  @viking1236  most likely
    1
  5086. Check out the most recent community post :)
    1
  5087. I mentioned crew costs as a variable depending on what the ship was doing, fully manned, 'peacetime' manned or in reserve. I additionally pointed out that calculating this was difficult as each rank was paid differently so you'd have to work out the exact makeup of a ships crew and then take their individual rates from the Navy Estimates. There is little point in converting 1920's pounds to 2023 pounds as 1) The question asked about the operating costs of those ships at the time, there are no comparable ships today. 2) Directly converting via inflation is a poor way of approximating value, depending on how you scale them, there are at least 4 different figures a 1920's monetary amount could be worth in 2023 and all are very different.
    1
  5088.  @MakeMeThinkAgain  depends at what point in the battle, the.loght forces did most of the final killing, the Miami's primary involvement was earlier, although they were around the entire time
    1
  5089. In what way?
    1
  5090. You're in for a treat this Sunday then 😀
    1
  5091. The Perry Expedition will get a full video of its own at some point, but as it was not the main focus of this one, I had to give an 'edited highlights' pass at it. :)
    1
  5092. There will be a followup video where a few subscribers who likewise disagree with some of my points will be arguing their side of things, so hopefully this will be covered there.
    1
  5093.  @herseem  you can drop me a line in Discord, link in the description, or email me via the email in the 'about' section of channel page. :)
    1
  5094.  @stevehomeier8368  In the fullness of time :)
    1
  5095. Basically it means making a great effort in an activity that will ultimately be pointless as it will achieve no result.
    1
  5096.  @DrivermanO  Ah, the mixup looking at my script is that the signal intercepts were read the next day, but the attack itself deriving from those wasn't until the 6th. :)
    1
  5097. That was when Dunkerque was sunk by Swordfish strike.
    1
  5098. I'm not blaming the French, I'm blaming Gensoul.
    1
  5099. From the first book in the sources list :)
    1
  5100. Enjoy! https://youtu.be/GPOZotezsTU
    1
  5101. Not yet, working on it
    1
  5102. Soon (TM)
    1
  5103. I'm not doing anything, I saw you post something earlier in my notifications but clicking on it wouldn't actually show it in the comments.
    1
  5104.  @johnphillips1866  generally I try to answer questions related to the video subject first and general ones beyond that. So the best tactic would probably be to identify the video that covers something related to your question and is ahead of the videos currently being answered.
    1
  5105. Well, for the content part, the list of ships to review for Saturday's is literally 7-8 years long at this point, so don't worry there! :D As far as the Drydock goes, it's a tyranny of time, if I take questions from one video per Drydock I can answer more questions from that video, but since I publish multiple videos a week the gap between videos published and when I answer the questions there will increase massively to the point that within a year or so you'd be have a 2-3 year backlog before I go around to that videos questions. The only other options are more than one Drydock, or extending the runtime of the existing one, neither of which are thing I have the time for unfortunately whilst trying to keep a day job and produce the three videos each week. On the new website there is a hosted list of all answered Drydock questions so far. :)
    1
  5106. A pair of small magnets.
    1
  5107. The latter two are on the list :)
    1
  5108. For basic work, yes, but for face hardened armour or gun barrels, not so much
    1
  5109. As Glenn says, DoE and BP were one class, Defence and Warrior were part of the next class, but they were all put in one squadron.
    1
  5110. I believe so
    1
  5111. I prefer to cover the class first, with individual ships coming later :)
    1
  5112. The Gangut class already has a video, albeit in robo-voice
    1
  5113. She's on my list :)
    1
  5114. They were removed long before WW2
    1
  5115. I tend to count the actual guide part, intro and outro I don't count towards the actual guide length.
    1
  5116. Might work on that :)
    1
  5117. Indeed :)
    1
  5118. I believe they're on the list
    1
  5119. Would it be better if a card was added that let you skip to the commentary?
    1
  5120. I could write up a short PDF?
    1
  5121.  @chemputer  I think that's degradation on the photo :)
    1
  5122. I quite like it if done properly
    1
  5123. There is little to no indication that Japanese Intel agents in Singapore passed on anything to Japanese High Command regarding the ships or their sailing, and the Japanese squadrons had literally only arrived a day or two before the ships sailed. Most indications are that Japanese awareness of the ships came from a sighting report from the submarine I-65, followed by I-58. Given that some of the bombers had considerably more range than the Zero, yet were critically low on fuel duento searching by the time they attacked, it is likely that even if a fighter escort was launched, it would have been forced to turn back due to low fuel earlier.
    1
  5124. Lack of a decent microphone and also wasn't sure people would want to hear my voice
    1
  5125. The mainpoint of the pic was to illustrate the nets deployed.
    1
  5126. The Great White Fleet would I think need an extended video in the Wednesday special series.
    1
  5127.  @joebrown2122  18th century and earlier :) Basically the older navies tended to hold over practices that reflected working legislation from when they were set up. 'Newer' services tended not to have them.
    1
  5128. That should not happen, the only ads I've enabled are skippable ones
    1
  5129. No, this one was a ship of the line :)
    1
  5130. Fair point, I've added a link in the video description :)
    1
  5131. I'm having problems uploading the last few drydocks, they get to 100% and then fail, I've submitted a ticket with them to resolve it
    1
  5132. Driven there before, probably fly or train if I had to do it again
    1
  5133.  @readingrailroadfan7683  probably quite favourably
    1
  5134. There should be an invite link in the video description :)
    1
  5135. The previous competition was showcased on a Drydock episode, as will this one and the upcoming one.
    1
  5136. The latest iteration of v3
    1
  5137. Indeed, hence why I specified it's the ship to ship weapons that have gone away.
    1
  5138. Well, they shot Byng, albeit he probably didn't deserve it. Some Admirals have been dismissed but in the 20th century they tend towards being quietly shuffled to less important commands if any action is taken.
    1
  5139. Well, hitting the seabed at speed probably didn't do it any favours either. 😀
    1
  5140.  @RoseBunneh  A number of them either originally were merchant ships converted to carriers so were more returned to their original form than straight conversions. A few others were based on merchant hull designs and so also easier to convert. The conversions of a large purpose built military ship to civilian use isn't unknown, but it is rare.
    1
  5141. Tea jokes intensify
    1
  5142. Already done, albeit in robo voice :)
    1
  5143. That sounds like a fun job :) What ship was that if you don't my me asking?
    1
  5144.  @TheAngelobarker  have done, but in robo voice so will redo them in human voice eventually.
    1
  5145. A lot of the more modern and larger units were surrendered to other powers, although Italy came through the best of the Axis navies, they still got a big infusion of ex-USN units in the '50's
    1
  5146. It's happening slowly
    1
  5147. Could do, depends if the others are happy to be on camera.
    1
  5148. Eventually, but not in the 1920's :)
    1
  5149. Yes :)
    1
  5150.  @nortoncomando3728  There's a bunch listed in the video description :)
    1
  5151. Yes, part 2 is already out :)
    1
  5152. Coming this week
    1
  5153. They are cruisers, C and D class to be precise.
    1
  5154. They tried effectively Fletcher armament on a significantly smaller hull, as a result Sims almost rolled over and they had to reduce the topweight a lot to keep them vaguely stable
    1
  5155. A little
    1
  5156. Not required unless.you want to
    1
  5157. Sure
    1
  5158.  @agesteiro7326  t shirts are still available at the link in the description, more merch will be coming soon
    1
  5159. Already done, albeit in robo-voice mode.
    1
  5160. They're somewhere on the list :)
    1
  5161. Basically I'm far more likely to see a question if it's put in the pinned post reply thread :)
    1
  5162.  @comtepseudonyme2144  could do, might take over the site though 😀
    1
  5163.  @Swm9445  15, I realised I missed one and changed the graph. Obviously missed editing the audio 😀
    1
  5164. It's been on this spot on the list for years :)
    1
  5165.  @xenophonBC  there's a list of sources right there in the video description...
    1
  5166.  @xenophonBC  what do you claim is bias and not fact in the video?
    1
  5167.  @xenophonBC  I'm not entirely sure what you think this is going to do...
    1
  5168.  @marvindebot3264  all the old robo videos have been revoiced :)
    1
  5169. Yes
    1
  5170. A quick few notes (not comprehensive): -The division was for guns that entered service pre/post 1930 but using their WW2 formats for shells etc (ie the guns in the state there were used in WW2). -The 15"/42 was rated as per the refit QE's and Vanguard's guns respectively. -A lot of the problems with Nelson's 16" were due to the mounting and turret, eliminated most of those factors from consideration left the gun itself a little more powerful than the 15"/42. -Figures for penetration etc generally assumed that things would work as advertised, unless there was a painfully obvious factor involved that could be put into the free-floating pros/cons values (eg the horrible Italian accuracy).
    1
  5171. Definitely factors, but as you noted more a factor of the turrets than the guns, since you can mount the same gun in multiple turret types of varying design, I decided to leave that factor out when comparing the guns themselves.
    1
  5172. I wanted to limit it to guns that saw service aboard their designed capital ships :)
    1
  5173. Because muzzle velocity isn't a direct indicator of capability once the shell reaches out to battle ranges :)
    1
  5174. The main reason I excluded the turret machinery from the big guns but not mounts in the smaller ones is that the mountings for the smaller guns tended to either be identical or very similar across the board for a given gun in the context of WW2. Whereas on the big guns you could have the same model of gun in variety of turrets and mountings, each of which had different capabilities, and so it would be a little arbitrary to pick one over the other.
    1
  5175. Yes, largely on the grounds that the maximum theoretical range is practically useless in ship vs ship combat :)
    1
  5176. Well, a little more stable and some more guns, but in some ways, yes :D
    1
  5177.  @jaredmiller9021  got some public domain stuff on the earlier processes I can freely distribute and a few articles/books/sources I can recommend for the WW1 and onwards stuff. Which would you prefer? :)
    1
  5178.  @DavidConnor  in the video descriptions for drydocks, all questions are listed with their timestamps. :)
    1
  5179. That's why the timestamps are there.
    1
  5180. Look up HMS Penelope shooters song :)
    1
  5181. Can you send me a screenshot? This should not be happening.
    1
  5182. Indeed, the class has the most extensive review series on the channel.
    1
  5183.  @330Gunslingers  sorry, what I meant was that it's on the list, but the list was so long it's still a month or two away.
    1
  5184. It got added to my special video list, which is only months long as opposed to years
    1
  5185. Very likely, although their design left very little room for the inevitable expansion of systems like radar and small caliber AA guns. Something like the Oakland sub-class with maybe 500 or so tons more displacement would've been excellent in that role.
    1
  5186. Sure, it's on the list.
    1
  5187. Care to give an example?
    1
  5188. ?
    1
  5189.  @ulaanbataar4479  you mean the one I took part in?
    1
  5190. I assumed the development of the fields would follow historical trends of build up, not dropping in a full fledged infrastructure out of thin air.
    1
  5191.  @charlesmaxim6928  that's no me, should only be 1 skippable ad
    1
  5192. It appears to be put together from a number of different propaganda reels, the shots of the 'ship' include footage from a cruiser, an older refit battleship and a Littorio :)
    1
  5193. I've heard of this rumour before, but I have not been able to find any actual documentation to support it. That includes the American records from Bremerton (the yard Warspite visited for her subsequent refit), and no-one has been able to tell me what the ADM reference numbers for the 'declassified' files are.
    1
  5194. It'd be nice if YouTube allowed me to put in a Netflix-style "skip intro" button. :)
    1
  5195. On deck, yes, not below
    1
  5196. Nice, I will have to add it to my list of ships to visit :)
    1
  5197. Can only cover so much in 5 mins 😩
    1
  5198. Each major port visit was associated with anything up to a dozen smaller port visits, unfortunately I couldn't cover all of them. :(
    1
  5199. New York class :)
    1
  5200.  @Yen-pg3yd  probably a YouTube error
    1
  5201. This must be a new and interesting definition of the word 'intact' that I've not heard before :D
    1
  5202. Yes, what I was pointing out is that the timer setting is good at the time it has been set. Every second between then and the shell being fired is leading to more and more of a difference between the time calculated on the fuse and the actual postion of the aircraft.
    1
  5203. I will investigate
    1
  5204. You managed to avoid being invaded, so Portugal fits in the 'smaller navies' category, but not the 'free navies' one as they didn't have to into exile :)
    1
  5205. Partially surrendered and most of the rest went to neutral ports, so no major formation fighting the Germans.
    1
  5206. The Indian Navy was not especially large or well known in WW2 :)
    1
  5207. Unfortunately in some cases yes, since those loyal to the prewar government were not popular with the postwar Soviet backed government.
    1
  5208. No, Mers-el-Kebir will be getting it's own video.
    1
  5209. Because the Portuguese Navy helped the Allies (although the country was officially neutral) during the war.
    1
  5210. They're on the list
    1
  5211. @robert rowe personally I tend to switch between them depending on what context of reference I'm using.
    1
  5212. Heavier and with more recoil so would need a much larger, heavier and more complex mount to move around and elevate.
    1
  5213.  @jameljay2183  what was he clear about?
    1
  5214.  @canicheenrage  it's written plainly in the treaty France signed with Germany, Article 8 stipulates that aside from a small part of the fleet for colonial duties, the rest of the French fleet was to be taken to Axis controlled ports and placed under Axis control for "disarming".
    1
  5215. Thats odd, they're recorded with mostly the same equipment in the same house 😀
    1
  5216. I used German survivors accounts in compiling the video.
    1
  5217.  @ianwilson515  But the Germans don't know that, all they can hear is incoming torpedoes
    1
  5218.  @ianwilson515  Given the German hydrophones could hear the ships coming before they saw them, getting the odd contact before the range closed in wouldn't be out of the question, and 0559 would make a certain amount of sense given she exploded 3-4 minutes later.
    1
  5219.  @ianwilson515  Given the detection by Prinz Eugen and the angle Hood was traveling at, probably in the last couple of minutes of her existence.
    1
  5220. The Mk IV, which Hood carried, could reach almost 14,000 yards on it's lower speed setting, assuming no other effects like currents or water conditions affected its passage one way or another.
    1
  5221. It depends whose account you read, some put the two hits ten's of minutes apart, other only a few minutes apart, with the disabling shot being the one that took out the bridge, others still say it was a second shell from the same salvo that took out the bridge. Each account is either a survivors account or an official war log, so it cannot be certain what actually occured, hence why these events were grouped into a window in the video that covers most accounts time spans.
    1
  5222. There shouldn't be any...
    1
  5223.  @RootsLion  drop me an email
    1
  5224. I have no idea how to do that with a video already uploaded, short of deleting and reuploading it. :(
    1
  5225. Nope
    1
  5226. @UNSCForwardontodawn Probably for next year. :D
    1
  5227. I noted the two incidents were seperated by about a year.
    1
  5228.  @2jwachter  exactly as you suggested, many capital ships have them, but Vanguards are some of the most prominent as the RN went all out to keep water away from the guns.
    1
  5229.  @henleinkosh2613  Here you go: https://youtu.be/BhFlYw6lUsA
    1
  5230. Yeah unfortunately time means some things have to be dropped. I've got them noted to be mentioned when I get around to a video on seakeeping and stability.
    1
  5231.  @georgecromarty5372  got much better microphones now :)
    1
  5232.  @Jahee-Official  I was up until 0200 trying to render the video due to some video corruption issues that were making the video managment program crash
    1
  5233. Indeed
    1
  5234. Can only mention so much in a few minutes :)
    1
  5235. Fiveminuteguides@gmail.com 😀
    1
  5236. Your own countrymen can't agree on how to pronounce them 😀
    1
  5237. Well, since I've had actual USN submariners and naval historians comment positively on the video... I'll take their word over yours thankyou very much.
    1
  5238.  @redman2989  Drop me an email (Email on the channels 'about' page) and I can send you a copy of the document in question :)
    1
  5239. That's because this video is about anti-submarine warfare, not the U-Boat campaign.
    1
  5240. Logan fletcher sure. Name a class :)
    1
  5241. The IJN seemed to be especially bad at working out what size enemy ships were in this period. DD's were mistaken for CA's and CL's, CVE's for full CV's and CL's for BB's.
    1
  5242. Thanks, unfortunately due to the constraints of time inherent to the ~5 minute format it's never possible to include all details. They are meant to cover the essentials an motivate people to look deeper into those ships that interest them. I always appreciate it when viewers add additional parts to the story for everyone to learn.
    1
  5243. Yep, medieval knights had all sorts of odd things stick to their helmets, especially for display.
    1
  5244. I mean, if you want a 6-8 hour video :D
    1
  5245. What nation and theatre of operations are you writing for?
    1
  5246.  @espadajusta4380  thanks. I can read English and Spanish, so I'll check both out
    1
  5247.  @espadajusta4380  as I said, I would appreciate either a link to reputable academic article or the name of a book or two for research, I'm aware of both the abuses of natives elsewhere in other countries colonies, and of the laws passed by Spain for the Spanish colonies. However, from what I learned whilst in Bolivia, those laws were regarded by the local colonial government as trash from Spain they were never going to follow, for example in the silver mines they leveraged the old Inca labour tax system to feed natives into the dangerous roles nobody sane would ever do, until when the death rates got too high they started feeding in Africans instead. As I said, Spain isn't unique it it's mistreatment of natives, but I have not yet seen a decent source on them being somehow much better than anyone else either, if you have one please feel free to link me to it as above. I don't especially hate the Spanish, but I don't have any particular affection for their colonial era people either.
    1
  5248. I can certainly try!
    1
  5249. Indeed
    1
  5250. I was asked to cover Ajax, I cover Ajax. When people ask me to cover Achilles, Achilles foes on the list :)
    1
  5251.  @AbananaPEEl  have you seen Max Millars video? Some of the information in here is the same for obvious reasons :)
    1
  5252. I cam across a number of accounts of destroyer captains or crews getting ahold of commercial machines when they could :)
    1
  5253. I needed the plug for the mixer :D
    1
  5254. Not all US carriers had the YE-ZB system installed by Midway, Yorktown did not, Enterprise reported it as a new and valuable system later in the year during the Guadalcanal campaign, and pictures of Hornet and Enterprise immediately before Midway do not seem to show the 'Hayrake' antenna fitted.
    1
  5255. One of the spnsor slots last year looked into the SEO bit, but I will be revisiting it this year as I build the new site. :)
    1
  5256. I specifically mentioned intense AA was a major factor in those losses, and to be honest it doesn't really matter to the families back home of their son/husband/father went down to a Zero or AA, the aircraft is still down. One final note though - even late war 10:1 or 15:1 kill ratios basically don't happen in air to air combat in the Pacific outside of unique circumstances where one side vastly outnumbers the other or it's fighters vs inescorted strike aircraft. Pilots would often claim those kinds of kill ratios, but examination of both sides records usually shows the claims are exaggerated on both sides.
    1
  5257. Huh, looked up a couple of additional books and I now have two decent books telling me.opposite things 😀
    1
  5258. Combined flags are usually flown either as a courtesy in port visits or if a ship has been captured.
    1
  5259.  @ethanjacques-n9p-catch21luck7  all questions I'm the first 40 minutes of a normal Drydock episode come from the Q&A thread of the video in question, only the last 20mins is Patron questions.
    1
  5260.  @johnshepherd9676  the number of advanced FAA aircraft curtailed in 1939 by wartime production ramping up in the UK is extensive, conversely, the Japanese aircraft industry was nowhere near capacity nor on a war footing and was free to develop new aircraft designs pretty much at will. After Pearl Harbor and early 42 made it clear they were in a long total war you see a similar ramping up and development of existing models and curtailing/delaying of new aircraft as happened in the UK and to a lesser extent the USA after their respective entries into WW2
    1
  5261. Their war industry production figures qould seem to suggest otherwise, production remained relatively even until 1941/42
    1
  5262.  @Yamato-tp2kf  because that belongs in a video about USN strategy. :)
    1
  5263. By tonnage yes, but not by eventual ship numbers (15:15:10)
    1
  5264.  @Feiora  yep, really long video on the Franklin a few weeks ago.
    1
  5265.  @Feiora  well, there normally is enough, but there's a limit to how much in total is aboard, and explosions and the like will destroy suppressant materials, so in a bad fire you'll run out of foam before the fire runs out of fuel.
    1
  5266.  @Feiora  the main risk would be as with the USS Franklin, the sheer volume of water would start to threaten the ships stability. Plus, on carriers unlike almost any other warship the main risk is gasoline fumes and explosions, and that stuff will float on water, hence the need for foam.
    1
  5267.  @Feiora  the main problem up top is that those areas are the largest compartments in the ship, and between shock warping and distorting the structure of the ship and the sheer volume, there's plenty of ways for air to fuel fires to get in and a huge amount of space for water or foam to fill. Further down in the ship as compartments and passages become smaller, what you describe is easier to do.
    1
  5268.  @Feiora  the weird thing about most of the carrier losses or near losses was that whilst they were usually slow to sink, the various stores in and around the hangers made the top half an uninhabitable inferno most of the time. So you could have a ship that wouldn't immediately sink but was utterly impossible to stay aboard.
    1
  5269. The Type 95 variant still used oxygen, but not in the same way as the original and larger Type 93.
    1
  5270. True but it was a Long Lance derivative :)
    1
  5271. Yep, there's a video that covers both WW2 Hornets :)
    1
  5272.  @omega7b948  Alexandr Nicolaevich Batalov has a book on the German Torpedo Boats of the 1935/1937/1939 types, there is also an Osprey New Vanguard book on Kriegsmarine coastal forces which covers the earlier and smaller types.
    1
  5273.  @ThugShakers4Christ  no worries 😊
    1
  5274. Care to explain?
    1
  5275. That the IJN took inspiration from the rumours of Nelson's torpedoes is documented in every decent source I've seen. But the IJN did it better.
    1
  5276. Definitely!
    1
  5277. Fixed :)
    1
  5278. From opening
    1
  5279. Hopefully next time
    1
  5280. Yep, once per month :)
    1
  5281. You should be happy with this weekend then :)
    1
  5282. One can but try
    1
  5283. They are on the list, we will get there eventually!
    1
  5284. That's what happens when you send British people to the tropics. :p
    1
  5285. On it's way
    1
  5286. Yes I will be
    1
  5287. Eventually :)
    1
  5288. Quickr let me look into it.
    1
  5289. Quickr I have sent a couple of emails to each of the winning email addresses since the competition closed. Perhaps it landed in your spam folder? If you can't find anything I'll send it again via my personal email.
    1
  5290.  @darkhorse13golfgaming I just checked, for some reason it was on the destroyers playlist, I've moved it to the cruisers playlist :)
    1
  5291. In robo voice, Yes
    1
  5292. Warspites video was part 3 of a mini-series on the Queen Elizabeth class
    1
  5293. It's due the weekend after this coming one :)
    1
  5294.  @jorisammerlaan  How much has been revealed?
    1
  5295.  @siredwardpellew5929  There should be a link to the Discord in most video descriptions :)
    1
  5296. Drop me an email or Discord DM :)
    1
  5297. Interesting, the way I've read itnin various books presents the main bombardment as being carried out by Admiral Gambiers fleet including bomb vessels. Would you mind pointing me to some of your sources? :)
    1
  5298.  @kemarisite  Here's the link to the original footage: https://catalog.archives.gov/id/79582 I'd normally make a more careful check, but the combination of NatArchive + title + date led me to think someone must've been fairly confident in their allocation :D
    1
  5299.  @LeftToWrite006  Significantly superior visibility
    1
  5300. added to the list
    1
  5301. I'll correct the duplicates, glorious will get her own video as it was requested specifically. :)
    1
  5302. Most likely a courtesy flag, the ship is probably in am American port.
    1
  5303. Are you looking at the County class before or after refit?
    1
  5304. Bearn has a few non-terrible angles. Juan Carlos has the visible lines of a decent looking mini-carrier that someone's stuck an extra deck or two on.
    1
  5305. Turbina had multiple props because of it's small size coupled with the fact that there was no way to down-shift the RPM from the turbines at the time. The larger the ship and thus prop, the more efficiency you get due to the linear/area/volume progression rule. However, some early small turbine powered warships did try the multi-prop's on a shaft approach. Impellers are quiet because there are no moving external parts, thus the ships hull baffles the sound. There are still moving parts, but internal to the ship.
    1
  5306. They'd have access to Romanian oil, and without a prolonged ongoing conflict oil expenditure would be significantly less.
    1
  5307. Great success! :D
    1
  5308. The high rate of fire of the German guns was only ever demonstrated in testing, it was never realised at sea where the rate of fire was consistent with most other guns, so the loss of a technically possible but apparently practically useless capability doesn't really affect much IMO
    1
  5309. Depends what you mean by 'major', a number of battleships too pretty major hits but this would only knock out a gun or maybe a turret. I presume you are talking about something more like a magazine hit?
    1
  5310. Whilst this is true, it wasn't universal across the fleet (eg in some of the older ships), so it was a bit variable in practice (and then you had ships like Wasp built on a budget)
    1
  5311. Love to, unfortunately YouTube disabled cards and other overlay modifications, so the only fix would be rerecording and uploading the entire video again, and taking this one down.
    1
  5312. From what I could tell, whilst these days the 'flyover' states are significantly more mechanically minded than much of the coastal area, back in the 1920's/30's much of the same region was still heavily dependent on non-mechanical means, as widespread mechanization of day to day work was still spreading from the industrial centers. (Could be mistaken though)
    1
  5313.  @gasperpoklukar8372  I found it here: http://koushi.cocolog-nifty.com/koushi/2007/04/post_f3d7.html
    1
  5314. Well, more like about 6 years between the designs, but i wanted to go with a good general design that was also in a similar weight range. The Tribals or J class are much closer in time and arguably better designs but also much lighter so not a true example of what you can do with a given tonnage.
    1
  5315.  @bostonrailfan2427  I've never once said Victorious looked similar to Wasp or that the loss of Wasp was covered up vetoed the usual wartime censorship.
    1
  5316.  @bostonrailfan2427  Victorious carried even fewer aircraft than Ranger, if it was numbers of aircraft they were worried about Ranger would be the better choice. And again, removing either Ranger or Victorious from the Atlantic pulls a carrier from the Allied war effort there. The operations conducted by Ranger could have been done by one of the British fleet carriers if she was wanted in the Pacific. My opinion isn't just made up, it's informed by the explicit statements of the USN themselves, who assessed that Ranger had an even lower chance of survival in the Pacific than Wasp, and Wasp had just exploded in a fireball. If you don't like that opinion, I'd invite you argue with the USN officers who made that assessment.
    1
  5317. The USN explicitly ruled out sending Ranger to the Pacific due to concerns about her survivability, at the end of 1942 when the US was almost out of carriers they had a choice between sending Ranger or asking the British to send a carrier, either way a carrier would be removed from the Atlantic. They asked for HMS Victorious. Last note, Ranger's activities in the Atlantic/Med/Arctic largely involved active combat or covering convoys against major surface attack, she was not used extensively against submarines as the early-war loss of Courageous had shown hunting subs with fleet carriers rarely ends well.
    1
  5318. They had early replacement clauses for some ships, but they weren't free to replace their whole fleet :)
    1
  5319. The Mahans mounts were considerably lighter due to having less protection. They also tended to complete closer to their target weight.
    1
  5320. The original design had deck level vents that could have small collapsible funnel boxes added for transit. However, they weren't all that effective and we're replaced in her refit by a taller but still removable stack
    1
  5321. Well, the intro says 'Rum Ration' now, but the outro may change depending on viewer opinion when we hit 500k subs :)
    1
  5322. Sam Stewart I believe there are some photos around
    1
  5323.  @jfleming83  their exact size is massively disputed, so can't say either way
    1
  5324. Sadly not possible, please see mist recent community post
    1
  5325. Please see the latest community post for why thr change has been made.
    1
  5326. Can't, please see latest community post
    1
  5327.  @susanyoung6579  weird, I started recording in the library a few months ago but that's lined with books.
    1
  5328. Can't
    1
  5329. I can't, please see the most recent community post
    1
  5330. Correct :)
    1
  5331. Have done a robo-voiced version but it's on the list for revoicing
    1
  5332. The funny thing is the Silkworm, despite being a very old missile, was in fact so old that it was designed at a time when taking out armoured ships was still thought of. Given the sheer size of the missile I still think it would get though the belt (assuming it hit the belt area), the main internal damage is likely to be from the rest of the missile and it's fuel though.
    1
  5333. They're due in the first quarter of next year :)
    1
  5334. You might be in for a treat on Wednesday...
    1
  5335. Oops, should've been "Japanese"
    1
  5336. They're on a long list :)
    1
  5337. Yeah, it's weird and I can't seem to get rid of one
    1
  5338. Depends on the era. Careening is more correct for a longer portion of the Age of Sail
    1
  5339. It offsets the muzzle blast of close spaced guns, improving accuracy whilst minimising or eliminating the need for delay coils.
    1
  5340.  chris younts  no, in april
    1
  5341. Good evening, Titanium is 22 on periodic table, Iron (most of the makeup steel) is 26, so Titanium should be less dense. Certainly in medieval re-enactment the Titanium armour people use is valued because it is much lighter for the same thickness and protection as steel.
    1
  5342. No worries, happy to deliver :)
    1
  5343. I'll add it to the list :)
    1
  5344. True, but that was 1914, not much earlier when Minas Gerais was built
    1
  5345. If you have a decent photo of it feel free to email it to fiveminuteguides@gmail.com and I'll see what I can do
    1
  5346. It's in the location I was visualising, but despite being relatively local, it seems my mental image of where the Surrey/Hampshire border is, is a little north of where it actually is 😀
    1
  5347. I wasn't aware I was over 140 years old...
    1
  5348. A precursor thereof that never really went anywhere
    1
  5349.  @robro2214  go to the channel main page here on yt and click 'about', the email is there. But just in case, it's fiveminuteguides@gmail.com
    1
  5350.  @robro2214  drop me an email and we will see what can be arranged
    1
  5351.  @robro2214  depending on when you need it by, sure :)
    1
  5352. Fort Drum in the Philippines
    1
  5353. Almost none of this is true, as explained in the video...
    1
  5354. I blame growing up with Star Trek :D
    1
  5355. Yep
    1
  5356. It's a play on words, with the lead assault ship being HMS Vindictive :)
    1
  5357. Nothing I could do about them unfortunately, aside from trying to voice dub myself, which I did try unsuccessfully
    1
  5358. Quite possibly, although that would be pretty heavy for a relatively small amount of steel. :)
    1
  5359. The radio mic had the receiver plugged into the camera, so there was only one audio set. :(
    1
  5360. Leander, Ajax and Achilles are all the same class. Exeter is a York class, which is a small heavy cruiser relatively to the County class HMS Cumberland in much the same way as the Leander's are to the Towns.
    1
  5361. On Taiho it did not cover all the aspects it needed to. And the Midway is a much larger ship, the belt is a lesser load proportionately.
    1
  5362. The Battle of the Phillipine Sea, where Taiho was sunk, was the last major operation for the Dauntless serving with the USN.
    1
  5363. It was attested to by several survivors from the ship, so whilst there is no visual record, it's about as confirmed as one could get from the incident.
    1
  5364. What ship would you like to see?
    1
  5365.  @catamoul  one example is here: https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=u1_69UqUJaEC&pg=PA63&lpg=PA63&dq=fire+suppression+foam+world+war+2&source=bl&ots=HKrxKtzEtQ&sig=7EopHrjBtwRcwycAjiYrvZk4ifk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiUgZaD0fDeAhURQRoKHY9jBhkQ6AEwHXoECAEQAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false Page 63 Also here: https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=zEAzOriJ0UUC&lpg=PR8&dq=fire%20suppression%20foam%20world%20war%202&pg=PR8#v=onepage&q=fire%20suppression%20foam%20world%20war%202&f=false Fire fighting foam was actually invented pre-ww1, but new and more advanced foams came out over time
    1
  5366. You mean fire suppression foam?
    1
  5367. Eventually possibly, but fuel oil is much harder to ignite and doesn't aerosolise at room temperature overmuch, unlike aviation fuel.
    1
  5368. Never leave anything fragile above deck when a battleship fires
    1
  5369. Email the channel and I'll send you the source file :)
    1
  5370. Although it ended up being fairly accurate :D
    1
  5371. Drydock 18 I believe covers the IJN 25mm AA in some detail :)
    1
  5372. I see what you mean, I did some searching and reverse-image searching, can't find any 'original'. I wonder what's missing?
    1
  5373. Where? I haven't made any changes to the image?
    1
  5374. Actually most of it is based on the account of USS Albacores service history in the Dictionary of American Fighting Ships, and Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships.
    1
  5375. Nope, it was a converted Yamato class.
    1
  5376. As I understand them, the idea of uptake vents is to create miniature versions of a ships funnel from an enclosed space, with the idea of the overall system being to try and create a slight overpressure in the ship section, with the idea being that the fumes (which rise) would then be forced out the vents, and once the flow gets going the funnel effect helps sustain efforts to clear the fumes out and introduce clean air. The key to it all is getting the vents correctly sized, proportioned and positioned, and ideally the hanger designed to best exploit the effect. Likewise with the blowers. Thus, a refit to a ship previously without them or lacking sufficient systems will always be less effective that purpose built systems incorporated into the design, all other factors being equal. But due to the funnel effect it also needs some complex modelling and understanding of fluid dynamics to get right. Along with the US's generally good R&D they also has the somewhat unique circumstance of a number of Essex class being turned into firestorms and surviving, so they had the best possible way to see how things should work and develop their designs, whereas the British didn't have any fleet carriers burn anywhere near as bad and all the Japanese ones that did ended up sinking. :) Hope that helps.
    1
  5377. The British and Japanese both tried this idea with their earlier carrier conversions in the 1920's, but they found that aircraft rapidly grew past the ability to use this facility, and it was before catapults really got going as carrier launch aids. By the time catapults were around and could have made the idea viable again, the area in question had been turned into more hanger space on the various affected carriers.
    1
  5378.  @dave8599  It's a model in the Vasa Museum, unfortunately the shot I took with the plaque that had more information including the builder came out blurry :(
    1
  5379. Send me an email or Discord DM :)
    1
  5380. Cimsec.org :)
    1
  5381. Hence secondary issues, it was a benefit, but an incidental as opposed to a driving one
    1
  5382. It's not like the taxes would've been reduced, any money saved would've gone into other government spending, or more likely 'spending'
    1
  5383.  @viperuscopperus  She ran aground and was lost in 1910.
    1
  5384. My apologies, I checked back on the script an I actually wrote 'steel', somehow in recording my brain translated this into 'nickel-steel' :)
    1
  5385.  @bsellner8334  yeah, I just need to find time for it in the schedule
    1
  5386.  @michaelwright2986  The main problem with a counter-factual is there is a huge level of advancement between 1939 and the end of 1941, so whatever the FAA has, it's probably going to be somewhat better than they had historically as they get another 2.5 years of peacetime developments and new carriers, plus refinements to their night attack techniques. The single biggest issue is whether the RN gets to attack at night, or if they first have to fight off an IJN strike during the day.
    1
  5387. The Swordfish and Barracuda were both capable of performing dive-bombing, as could the Skua, albeit in the first two cases this was a secondary ability to it's torpedo carrying role (although the Barracuda wasn't too bad at the dual-role). :)
    1
  5388. To be fair, that has varied over the 20th century.
    1
  5389. They are more conversion than refit
    1
  5390. Depends of which survivors accounts you read. :)
    1
  5391. https://youtu.be/FIYAU7eAKtU
    1
  5392. It didn't roll over a full 180 and the turrets hit the mud on the way around :)
    1
  5393. There are probably crew taskings in the US Archives :)
    1
  5394. Correct, hence the USN being able to exploit it by coming in low with the leading elements of the first wave.
    1
  5395. Look up the 5 minute guide to the ship :)
    1
  5396.  @kevindorr5427  I can certainly give it a try.
    1
  5397. There is a USS Wasp which is an LHD, but I think the name belongs on a carrier more.
    1
  5398. Yep
    1
  5399.  @lloydknighten5071  shebwas originally a French vessel. The number of guns she carried depends greatly on what time period the source uses. The number and type of guns on ships in this era could vary between voyages and even between port calls at times.
    1
  5400. There's a few paintings, mostly of the battle itself, and a reasonable amount of data on the ship.
    1
  5401. Will be doing so once I have my head around it (and it releases)
    1
  5402. There is another naval channel that already uses the modern spelling, so I went with an archaic spelling so as not to step on anyone's toes :)
    1
  5403. They certainly would have forced a capital ship to be used to engage, it would take an unreasonable number of light and heavy cruisers to deal with two of them at once.
    1
  5404. I wish I spoke several languages so I could do the subtitles :)
    1
  5405. ​ @EVANGELOSS54  So, part of this is going to be because I'm attempting a speed-run of half a century of Greek politics in about 15 mins, which leads to some one-sentence summations of very complex issues. However, the sources I listed do support what I put in the video, else there would be little point in listing them, more specifically the books listed. With that said; a) Otto does have a long list of issues with his reign, he may have done some popular/good things as well, a revolt against absolute monarchy in 1843, you say he transformed Greece, he did this by giving into the demands of people directly opposed to what he was trying to do. The 1862 coup I've seen described in numerous sources as a culmination of Greek popular dissatisfaction, not some grand conspiracy by the British. He's been described as "neither ruthless enough to be feared, nor compassionate enough to be loved, nor competent enough to be respected." by one historian. So it sounds like we both know of the same incidents but have very different takes on their causes. b) You seem to have completely misunderstood the time period and duration I was referring to, I was talking about the first 25 years of George I's reign, where there are 42 recorded changes of the head of the government from 1862-1887, when Charilaos Trikoupis managed to make his 4th go at the job stick a bit longer than before. c) That statement about the cockroaches is taken directly from the memoirs of Prince Christopher, the youngest of George I's sons, so he should know about the conditions he grew up in. Conditions were bad enough that the same account records Andrea catching typhoid at least once from the poor state of the plumbing, and that the place had been ransacked in the aftermath of Otto's departure. d) Except for Charles I basing himself out of Oxford and not Nottingham (although that is where he raised his standard at the start of the war), your summary would be in essence correct if short. Likewise while as you list there is a lot more to it, again this isn't a video on details of Greek political history, it's a speed-run through it to set context for the life of Philip, who isn't even born at this stage, and the basic facts that Venizelos proclaimed a government in opposition to the King, using Salonika as their based of operations, is in essence correct, if short. e) Withe regards to the war in 1921/22, again, this video is not the place for a full history of that war, but the part I was referring to was the latter stages of the campaign where, having secured the western coast of Asia Minor, the Greek Army went off into the interior chasing down the Ottomans/Turks, which is why I made the Xenophon allusion as he famously marched across land to the sea and that element of the Greek plan seemed to be marching from the sea across the (arid) land. This is the part of the campaign I was talking about. f) Regardless of personal valour in battle, charisma or popularity with the troops etc, Plastiras was one of the main, if not the main, ringleaders of a coup that toppled the King, lionise him all you want for other things, but a military overthrow of a government because you don't like the way a war is going is a pretty extreme form of action no matter which way you look at it. g) This seems to be historical revisionism to the extreme, Andrew did not fleet the front, he tried to resign, was refused, but later was granted leave. He left the front, yes, but in an entirely authorised way. Andrew himself testified that he was taken from Corfu on the alleged basis of giving evidence at the special court martial that would become known as the 'Trial of Six', even if this was a ruse to get him to 'come quietly', it is what he was told. Theodore Pangalos was in charge of the inquiry and personally asked Andrew how many children he had, when told, he replied ‘Poor things, what a pity they will soon be orphans.’ which is about as open a death threat as you can get without straight up saying 'we are going to kill you', again this is from Andrew's own testimony. h) This section was noted in the video to be the perspective of George V given events both in Greece and abroad that had recently transpired. Moreover, the idea of Andrew being sentenced to death was reported quite widely as possible at the time, however, given that the British had threatened to break off diplomatic relations if the eight men on trial were executed (as six were) and then did so immediately after the executions, plus Talbot's behind-the-scenes negotiating on Andrew's behalf, likely gives the reason as to why Andrew was not eventually sentenced to death. The coup leaders likely valued the shield of the largest power in the world against the worst of Turkish agression more than revenge against an officer some of them had personally not gotten along with. i) the specific quote, that Talbot "‘knew more about the tortuous channels of Greek politics than most Greek politicians’, comes directly from a period source. The part about "The Prince will be tried on Saturday and sentenced probably to penal servitude or possibly to death." comes directly from a British diplomatic cable, I'm quote directly again from a communication written at the time, the same as the death threat from Pangalos comes directly from a letter Andrew smuggled out of the prison he was held in.
    1
  5406. You can lie about the displacement of ships and it can be hard to definitively prove otherwise. Lieing about whether you've fortified an island is much harder to do. 😀
    1
  5407. Well, for one thing the RAF was actually refusing to release any Lancasters. Also, the range of the B-24 variant coastal command used is generally given as further than a Lancaster Mk1
    1
  5408. What did you do to get it working?
    1
  5409. If the landing gear are in the wings, then upon landing the heavy fuselage wants to keep moving down, and crudely speaking this creates a opposed turning forces at the wing root joint and the landing gear anchor point. With landing gear in the fuselage the only force acting on the wings is the considerably less force of their own weight.
    1
  5410. Rolls Royce, Napier, Bristol, Armstrong Siddely...
    1
  5411. Napoleon literally called his invasion force the Armée d'Angleterre. Try reading some history before looking so ignorant.
    1
  5412. A lot of French sailors were very courageous in a fight, but in the Napoleonic Wars they often lacked training and/or leadership
    1
  5413.  @ebusitanus  I've actually got a far more extensive script that goes over almost every ships experience in the battle. However, that ends up at almost 6 hours long, this is a very edited highlights version that serves a such as the end of the Nelson series as anything else. I do at some point want to use elements of that larger script to tell the battle from the perspective of the crews that were there for all three navies. I have some info for the Spanish side of things, but if you have any recommendations for Spanish language books I'd be grateful as I can read Spanish once I know the book exists to buy!
    1
  5414. I literally had a whole section at the end about the recapture of a number of ships, in particular the Santa Ana...
    1
  5415.  @marcusbewley1  I will add them ifnthey aren't already there.
    1
  5416. Which ones? :)
    1
  5417. Sure
    1
  5418. I've explained several times why I use this prefix.
    1
  5419. They're on my list to do eventually
    1
  5420. A small but growing part of it is uploaded on my website, Drachinifel.co.uk
    1
  5421.  @marcusfranconium3392  I'm actually quite partial to some Italian hull forms :)
    1
  5422. See my latest community post :(
    1
  5423. Please see the most recent community post 😞
    1
  5424. Basically because in all the cases there are multiple ships, all with their own records, which may disagree, plus range figures were not recorded constantly, so sometimes we have a range figure from several minutes before or after the hit. Plus of course both ships are moving whilst the shells are in flight, so total range will be slightly different even if we knew what the rangefinder said at the moment of firing.
    1
  5425.  @Andy_Ross1962  YT seems to not like links in comments. Maybe put the body of the link and then type 'dot com' or appropriate after?
    1
  5426.  @coodudeman  giant paravane :)
    1
  5427.  @greggweber9967  I tend to pronounce 3 digit numbers differently depending on which one it is. Numbers with 0 in the middle I will more likely sound by number, as well as numbers where the first and last numbers are the same, eg 232, but most others I tend to use the 'full' number for the tens part and just append the hundreds number as its own thing :)
    1
  5428. It's probably because I upped the volume on the microphone
    1
  5429. The old-school ships with a 3d printed hull 'body glove' to bulk them up :)
    1
  5430.  @ririhoshino  indeed
    1
  5431.  @mkaustralia7136  I'm not entirely sure, I enabled skippable ads so as not.to inconvenience people too much.
    1
  5432. Donald Palmrose sure, which one?
    1
  5433. Which period would you be looking at?
    1
  5434. Yep, hence why that part is only the start, and getting the range is complex enough. Then you have to work out how to get the shell there :D
    1
  5435. I believe it's part of an atmospheric measuring station to acquire data on things like wind speed and pressure for the main fire control system. :)
    1
  5436. Sounds like you are one of those who are naturally good at it. :)
    1
  5437. Sure, email in the channel 'about' section
    1
  5438.  @Leptospirosi  those two navies did extensive work into developing diving shells to defeat enemy armour underwater.
    1
  5439. Hence 'non-comprehensive list' :)
    1
  5440. Depends on the barrel, but in the low hundreds.
    1
  5441. It's a US battleship at Okinawa, some say it's USS West Virginia but the USN says it's USS Tenneessee
    1
  5442. Yep :)
    1
  5443.  @ivanmonahhov2314  hence my list saying "included but not limited to" :)
    1
  5444. I did mention them a couple of time :)
    1
  5445. I haven't deleted anything, YT censor bot's might've nabbed it though. I'll take a look
    1
  5446. Yes, this video covers WW2, I should change the title to reflect this :)
    1
  5447. It takes time for ships to accelerate, if Saratoga was keeping pace with a 21 knot battleline and the not-BC's were heading right for her at 32 knots, it would've taken well over half an hour before Saratoga could work up to a speed where she'd be faster than them. That would be enough time for them to close the range.
    1
  5448. I've included all the National Archives ID numbers in the video description :)
    1
  5449.  @dynd  when I can gather, have translated and transcribe enough material for a fairly accurate and unbiased account :)
    1
  5450. I picked them as they are animals that, when full grown, would be about Yamamotos adult weight or slightly heavier :)
    1
  5451. I believe you are referring to the cruise of the Bonhomme Richard, and whilst not every attack was somewhere alcohol could be liberated, a suspiciously high number were :)
    1
  5452. Well, names and much of the basic materials and guns already brought together for their 'original forms' :)
    1
  5453. https://youtu.be/NMUfY38pUmM
    1
  5454. That was common in direct fire shell guns of the 1800's, with short barrel mortars in earlier periods you could light the fuse with the charge but it wasn't as reliable.
    1
  5455. Two half spheres and some banding :)
    1
  5456. Salvageable yes, but in a similar sense to some of the battleships at Pearl Harbour :)
    1
  5457.  @reactivearmour5126  the eastern fleets operations in that period are an often overlooked but still vital part of the story of WW2 naval operations. One day they will be the subject of a Wednesday special :)
    1
  5458. The number of USN ships torpedoed and damaged before the loss of USS Reuben James is testament to the amount of 'unofficial' aid
    1
  5459. The previous USS Iwo Jima was launched in 1960 and is the one referred to
    1
  5460. For the RN, a spending increase would include better wages for crew. With regards to merchant vessel construction, the yards started out with much cheapest labour, even today SK labour costs 3/4 of UK labour costs, and as labour costs rose they were able to exploit their recently built yard space to reinvest and modernise to remain at the leading edge of competitive pricing.
    1
  5461. ?
    1
  5462. I've added it to the list, although it might be a while before the list clears enough to get to it.
    1
  5463.  @SW1EmpireAtWar  The list on the video's in only partial, at the rate I release videos, I have 3.5 years of requests for ship guides :)
    1
  5464. The main problem would've been finding any outside of the Indian Ocean, not that many trans-Pacific convoys.
    1
  5465. Drydock episode 18 has a good section dedicated to this. :)
    1
  5466. The fact they are armed with a regular torpedo pushes them right onto the mini-sub line for me :)
    1
  5467. Well, thr cooking station is it at Pearl Habour, but I suspect on most railroad model scales you'd have to put a destroyer or similar there.
    1
  5468. I've never known any other way 😀
    1
  5469. I kinda factored in the Independence's as far as overall striking power was concerned :)
    1
  5470. Well, we kept trying to take over the place, so there was clearly something we thought was worth having :D
    1
  5471. Drop me an email :)
    1
  5472. Working on my Japanese pronunciation.
    1
  5473. Can do :)
    1
  5474.  @bluejacketwarrior2457  at the time they didn't have an official prefix.
    1
  5475.  @richardcutts196  oh I agree, and this was obviously done with Tiger, for the Lions it was a case of quick and easy.
    1
  5476.  @richardcutts196  even a few hundred tons will be grabbed by most naval designers, but as I said the main thing was that they were adapted from the existing 13.5" dreadnoughts, to go faster they needed more speed and it was less complicated to simply add extra boilers aft of the existing machinery spaces, which put the new boilers right where X turret was, so it was deleted and a funnel out in. It would have been better to rearrange the boilers and turbines as done with Tiger, to have X instead if Q turret, but at the time they were rushing the design a bit and went with the simpler option.
    1
  5477. The Lion class were in some ways derivatives of the Orion / Iron Duke lineage, the X turret position on those battleships was taken up in the BC design by an extra funnel from the extra engines, and the Q turret offered a few hundred tons weight saving due to not having to take the barbette as high as a superfiring turret.
    1
  5478. It is on the list :)
    1
  5479.  @sarjim4381  I was actually thinking a British carrier might show up, as was originally intended for force Z. Probably one of the smaller ones, not great for offensive action but might provide enough of a fighter screen to break up for attacks and so reduce their effectiveness.
    1
  5480. I'd be happy to work with them/you if you still would like to publish it in some form.
    1
  5481. Yes, generally speaking the ship on screen corresponds to the one under discussion
    1
  5482. He was indeed aboard HMS Marlborough :)
    1
  5483. On the list? I believe so
    1
  5484.  @carlcarlton764  in some ways yes, but the Normandies were mostly complete and would've given them something comparable to an early Standard to work with and modernise later, aw opposed to being stuck with pre-dreads, Courbet's and Bretagnes.
    1
  5485. Something went wrong in YT's processing, a fixed version is linked in the pinned post :)
    1
  5486. I linked a fixed copy in the pinned post :)
    1
  5487. Fixed version - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RSA4UE1FNm0
    1
  5488. Something went wrong in the upload, a fixed version is linked in the pinned post :)
    1
  5489. Fixed version - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RSA4UE1FNm0
    1
  5490. Check the pinned post for a fixed version :)
    1
  5491. I've added a link to a fixed version in the pinned post :)
    1
  5492. Fixed version - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RSA4UE1FNm0
    1
  5493. It works fine on my rendered copy, something went wrong I thr upload from my PC to YT, bit I've also linked a fixed version :)
    1
  5494. YT stuffed up the upload, fixed version in the pinned post :)
    1
  5495. Fixed version - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RSA4UE1FNm0
    1
  5496. There's a fixed version linked in the pinned post :)
    1
  5497. I've linked a fixed version in the pinned post :)
    1
  5498. Fixed version - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RSA4UE1FNm0
    1
  5499.  @SpaceCase1214  third time I died 😀
    1
  5500. There's a fixed version linked in the pinned post :)
    1
  5501. Fixed version - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RSA4UE1FNm0
    1
  5502. Such as?
    1
  5503. It was briefly covered in the video on yamato, but will have it's own video eventually
    1
  5504. I can add to the list, which one to you have in mind?
    1
  5505. ?
    1
  5506. There are time stamps for all the questions :)
    1
  5507. Both navies recognised the idea of a fleet screen and a carriers own need to defend itself. With the RN carriers, a smaller fighter group and an expectation they wouldn't intercept anyway meant more emphasis of AA gunpower.
    1
  5508. Speeds were generally similar as that was dictated by the need to get airflow over the deck for takeoff.
    1
  5509. British carriers were around from the start of the war with Japan, but only really showed up in force towards the end of '44 and into '45, about the time kamikaze attacks started really ramping up.
    1
  5510. Most carriers in WW2 did, but it was only brought in during the '39/'41 period, after the ships were designed.
    1
  5511.  @historyaddicted3471  I've seen some.of the reports for some of the lost US carriers. Whilst some of them were theoretically salvageable based on what was known of their status at the time, generally speaking moving a heavily damaged ship, especially one with torpedo hits, tends to weaken and eventually doom the ship through the stress of water pressure and failing bulkheads. Given the distance they'd have to take the ships to be repaired, I tend to have doubts about whether they'd make it back. Could always be wrong, some ships in WW2 made it back with whole bits missing, but unfortunately in the carriers case we will never know.
    1
  5512. Another channel that does historical reviews had already taken the modern spelling. So I took an archaic version to avoid stepping on toes.
    1
  5513. Both navies took parts of each others designs. The UK adopted the open hangars found on US ships and the US ships adopted the armoured flight decks. Neither navies prewar solutions proved 100% optimal. And what made for a good carrier changed over time even in a given theatre. Having larger aircraft capacity and thus fielding a CAP of 50 fighters did the USN no good in one of the Guadalcanal carrier battles for example, because they lacked good fighter direction. In that case the carrier would've benefitted more from an armoured flight deck which could stop the IJN 550lb bombs as opposed to four dozen fighters which weren't able to protect their carriers. Fast forward to late 1943, and sheer numbers of aircraft are much more useful because the detection and direction issues have been solved.
    1
  5514. I think I've read the same series :)
    1
  5515. There's a very high-res version here: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Japanese_aircraft_attack_USS_Hornet_%28CV-8%29_during_the_Battle_of_the_Santa_Cruz_Islands_on_26_October_1942_%2880-G-33947%29.jpg
    1
  5516.  @rlstafford4359  SCB-110 enclosed the bow, brought in angled flight decks and other advances, but the armour deck was there from the start. The US Bureau of Ships has the following to say: "The damage experiences of several British carriers, which unlike our own were fitted with armored flight decks, demonstrated the effectiveness of such armor in shielding hangar spaces from GP bombs and vital spaces below the hangar deck from semi-armor-piercing (SAP) bombs. Accordingly, the CVB Class was designed with an armored flight deck consisting of 3-1/2-inch STS from frames 46 to 175 with a hangar deck consisting of two courses of 40-pound STS between frames 36 and 192. Although none of the CVB Class carriers were completed in time to take part in war operations, the effectiveness of armored flight decks against Kamikaze attacks was demonstrated by various carriers attached to the British Pacific Fleet"
    1
  5517.  @rlstafford4359  you are aware that the wooden decking on ww2 era American carriers lies atop the actual steel plating of the flight deck? On the earlier carriers it's just enough to support the weight of aircraft, on the Midway class it's 3.5 inch thick armour. The wooden planking isn't the whole thickness of the deck nor any more structural than it is on USS Texas.
    1
  5518. Incorrect, the Midway class was designed with armoured flight decks as a result of the USN's observations of effectiveness of British armoured decks. It's right there in the USN's own reports and everything...
    1
  5519. The thing is that none of the British fleet carriers were lost to aerial torpedo strikes, none of the armoured carriers were lost period and the other RN fleet carrier losses came from gunfire or submarine torpedoes with the exception of Hermes, which wasn't carrying any fighters at all when it was attacked. Conversely, Lexington was sunk torpedo bombers and Yorktown and Hornet were arguably mortally wounded by them. Which would somewhat ironically suggest on a shallow level that carriers without armoured flight decks and with larger air groups are more likely to be torpedoed during air attacks. Obviously there is a lot more to it that this, but it doesn't involved the benefits or not or armouring the ships flight deck.
    1
  5520. The USN design documents available for the Midway would partially disagree with that assessment. Kamikazes were a few years out but the performance of armoured carriers against air attack was known and factored into the Midway design choices.
    1
  5521. Ironically the British fleet carriers that were torpedoed, Ark Royal and Courageous, we're not older types without an armoured flight deck, although the armoured flight deck carriers did evade quite few torpedoes that were sent their way.
    1
  5522.  @shawn97006  yes I did. And none of their claims are backed up by said surveys or reports. Indeed they are near-completely contradicted by DK Brown who literally worked for the RN construction and repair section during that period. Slade and Worth's article is long on claims, short on actual sources and gets a number of easily checked facts wrong.
    1
  5523. That particular article is so full of errors and outright lies that it's barely even worth the internet space it takes up.
    1
  5524. They are their own special case :)
    1
  5525. It depends, it's very good against torpedoes and level bombing, somewhat less effective against dive bombing
    1
  5526.  @krl45randy83  I said it would need/would take three months to repair.
    1
  5527.  @krl45randy83  no, I'm being accurate, feel free to look up why of the USN estimates on the time needed to repair Yorktown when she got into dock, and what they skipped to send her in her way again.
    1
  5528. Please listen to what I was saying, Yorktown needed 3 months of repairs to fix completely, yes she was patched up and sent out to Midway, but the hardest bits of damage to fix (the bits that would've taken the full time), down in the engines, were not fully repaired, as a result of which she went to Midway several knots slower than the she should've been, a loss of speed which may have contributed to her subsequent loss.
    1
  5529. Usually it was done to allow the hanger space to be more or less cleared for other tasks to take place such as cleaning, maintenance, operational tests, etc (and as a show for people watching the ships leave for operations). A portion of the aircraft would then be taken below later on.
    1
  5530. Well, they were a bit short on battleship escorts in 1942. :)
    1
  5531. Considerations of what you are capable of vs the enemies capabilities are always going to be a factor. If you can't match your enemy, try and work out a counter. With specific regards to the Russian/American balance, the one big takeaway from every modern conflict seems to be that smaller missiles (AAM's and SAM's) performance tends to be vastly, vastly overestimated in peacetime, anti-shipping missiles tend to perform much closer to expectations. Thus, whilst one hopes that USN doctrine would do its level best to stop the missile ships etc before they launched, in the event of an actual modern AShM assault on a CVBG, I would have my doubts about the carriers missile defences holding up as advertised.
    1
  5532. The USN naval dive bombers were somewhat unique in naval aircraft in taking single large bombs instead of a few smaller ones.
    1
  5533. That's HMS Formidable right after her first kamikaze strike, the damage was mainly limited to a small dent on the deck and aircraft parked on deck being lost to fire (the source of most of the smoke and flames in the picture) although an unlucky splinter fragment also temporarily disabled one of her engines and limited her speed for a time by breaking a steam pipe.
    1
  5534. Yorktown still needed 3 months of repairs, mostly to damaged propulsion machinery. She was made ready in other aspects for Midway but was still limited to 28 knots at the time of her loss due to the unrepaired damage.
    1
  5535.  @LV_CRAZY  she is very interesting carrier, but I would rather give her a separate video which can look in more detail at how she combined the various design features and then underwent many refits. :)
    1
  5536.  @LV_CRAZY  she didn't see combat, and the video was mostly examining the combat effectiveness of the ships in question. She was also the amalgamation of the two concepts, so whilst she deserves a video of her own, she would at best be an appendix if included in this one.
    1
  5537. Development of post-war carriers based on experience is a separate video, this video was about the design and experience of the pre-war and immediate war-built carriers.
    1
  5538. I had a lot more than that :)
    1
  5539. She was patched up and was back at sea, she wasn't fully repaired, the bulk of the work needing to be done was to her engines, most of it wasn't, hence her limited speed during Midway.
    1
  5540.  @williammagoffin9324  more than likely, and let's just say Slade's article is 'highly questionable' and love it there before I end up going on a rant :)
    1
  5541. I haven't seen any particular evidence in the RN damage and repair reports of permanent hull warping from here or near misses. There was some warping, as qlmost any ship experienced, but nothing that wasn't replaceable. I remain open to correction from primary sources though :)
    1
  5542. It's true it's easier to repair an unarmoured deck if damaged compared to an armoured one, conversely you might not need to repair an armoured deck for certain attacks, and more importantly if the attack breaches an unarmoured deck and sets off all the fuel and ammo in the hanger, well that's how Japan went from carrier advantage to carrier disadvantage within a few hours at Midway.
    1
  5543. Torpedo damage is relevant to a ships torpedo defence systems, which are separate to the protection afforded by armoured flight or hanger decks, so in a consideration of armoured flight decks, torpedo damage itself is not a factor except if it may be more likely due to factors influenced by the armoured flight deck such as fewer fighters. Also, no armoured flight deck carrier was hit by torpedoes, so there is no data point to compare with the US carriers. Medium bombers all over the place was just another days work in the North and Mediterranean Seas, and about as effective. As far as the Doolittle raid is concerned, it was basically a publicility stunt that doesn't say all that much about the tactical value of a carrier.
    1
  5544. Actually of the prewar US carrier fleet commited to the Pacific, only 2 out of 6 ships survived, and both were badly damaged enough they were almost immediately take out of service and scrapped. Yorktown's didn't operate in the Mud and Illustrious' didn't operate against the Kids Butai at its height, but there is data enough to make some comparisons.
    1
  5545. A VERY rough calculation (basically keeping the ratios similar to an Implacable but scaling the tonnage up to an Essex as-designed displacement) would suggest a carrier about 30ft longer than the Essex operating a 90-95 strong air-group.
    1
  5546. How about before ranting you go and have a look at the historical records as submitted in the ships logs as well as those of the fleet it was with? This is the same war where formations of resting sea birds were shelled in the belief they were enemy ships and the Americans took over 200 casualties attacking and invading an island that had no defenders or indeed and human life present at all.
    1
  5547. Yes, with a human voice
    1
  5548. Not yet, that's for later :)
    1
  5549. Unfortunately the level of destruction done to the hull below the belt armour by the impact with the seabed and the subsequent slide, plus the fact its almost up to the waterline in mud, is going to make it very hard to tell what effect any of the deeper running torpedoes had without some kind of x Ray sonar or micro drones.
    1
  5550. The channel that hosted the royalty free music went away :(
    1
  5551.  @LSOP-  I certainly do :)
    1
  5552. It's on the list and we'll get there eventually :)
    1
  5553. We've done one, more to come :)
    1
  5554. If you want to email the channel (fiveminuteguides@gmail.com) with more info, I'd love to incorporate it into a review :)
    1
  5555. The RN changed the Pennant/Pendant numbers of its ships a number of times during WW2, some ships had 3 or 4 different numbers in as many years :)
    1
  5556. It generally seems to be "Do your job well, no comment. Do your job exceptionally, probably also no comment but an excellent fitness report and letter of recommendation"
    1
  5557.  @nickdanger3802  it would be fairly difficult to have almost 2,800 men killed in action in Sicily if the British weren't bothering to fight, which is what the original guy was claiming.
    1
  5558.  @nickdanger3802  it's nothing to do with droll, it's fact as opposed ill informed propaganda
    1
  5559. You can ask the almost 2,800 British dead about that...
    1
  5560. Yep :)
    1
  5561. I've look at some over on Napalmrattes channel, look in the 'Collaboration' playlist here :)
    1
  5562. They are somewhere down the list :)
    1
  5563. They are excellent vessels, however, I would argue that they are somewhat better known and thus somewhat less 'obscure' :)
    1
  5564. Tupa Inca's fleet is supposed to have sailed in the latter part of the 1400's, probably the 1480's.
    1
  5565. What timestamp? :)
    1
  5566. I think you're thinking about the Aztecs
    1
  5567. Sure, it's part of my list of upcoming specials
    1
  5568. They would need one that could keep up.
    1
  5569. Plenty of cruisers, only a few for battleships.
    1
  5570. Given early WW2 bombing accuracy, they probably have been safe for a while :p
    1
  5571. DRM trolls
    1
  5572. Elco Naval Division was a new company spun up for the competition and somewhat separate from the larger llparent organisation
    1
  5573. Elco Naval however, was spun up in the 1930s :)
    1
  5574.  @davasaurthereal4678  Soon :)
    1
  5575. Unfortunately, with no u boat capable of keeping up with the fleet, pretty much the same as at Jutland, they get left behind by the fleets manoeuvring.
    1
  5576. Brought up south of the Thames unfortunately😁
    1
  5577. Even the Germans ditched there's, basically their speed means whoever brings them surrenders all chance of catching or escaping.
    1
  5578.  @glennricafrente58  she was the flagship and so in the middle of another battle squadron.
    1
  5579. Sure, smaller scenarios can go in an alternate history special. Takes a while to organise these larger wargames.
    1
  5580.  @samjase4670  wargamed with a group in a hall. :)
    1
  5581.  @samjase4670  they were assigned to the battlecruisers historically in October 1918 so we went with that. They did survive a few fights as mentioned with various levels of damage. It generally came down to how quickly Seydlitz had it's combat capacity reduced. Weirdly, they actually both survived the HSF kamikaze scenario.
    1
  5582.  @samjase4670  historically it would've been an educated guess. Practically in battle they're huge targets, especially compared to the New Zealand, with heavy albeit limited armament. So it makes sense to try and knock them out wherever possible.
    1
  5583. I can pull one together, the capital ship losses are easy to tally, the cruiser and destroyer losses normal much as we know which ships were there but when you have a tray of several dozen DD's you don't tend to check each one for name as you remove it as a casualty :p
    1
  5584.  @sarjim4381  basically they weren't in the command structure. In WW1 naval responsibility was very much a "we look after this, you look after that" operation. Co-operation on a single task was rare. By WW2 that changed a lot obviously.
    1
  5585. In normal naval tradition, the name was taken from the nearest point of land, in this case the Dutch island of Texel. Although most of the battlen drifted east and was technically closer to the island of Terschilling when the battlefleets engaged.
    1
  5586. In battleship terms, everything except the QE's still burned coal.
    1
  5587.  @WALTERBROADDUS  lots of rain, wind and fog in October 1918, plusn short days.
    1
  5588. The main problem Hipper faced was that his fleet was at a speed disadvantage. So anything he did could in theory be countered by the Grand Fleet being able to move to a better position.
    1
  5589. Very modified version of General Quarters 2
    1
  5590. General Quarters 2 with lots of rpg-style additions.
    1
  5591. It's a quote from Admiral Sheer, read by an actual German :)
    1
  5592. The 5th Battle Squadron made up of Queen Elizabeth class is faster enough, by the time the rest came around the German line had been slowed by damage and the need to dodge stopped ships further up the line.
    1
  5593. Will do when I can, but wargaming big battles like this takes a lot of organisation.
    1
  5594.  @InchonDM  very true, he bears some professional responsibility as he must have known over time he wasn't up to scratch, but ultimately responsibility for both war and post-war conduct is with Beatty, who in my view added one more life lost to those he's responsible for with that episode.
    1
  5595.  @CheapSushi  yep, the maps show only capital ships.
    1
  5596. It's a highly customised system broadly based on General Quarters 2, but with a lot of semi-rpg stuff we've added to it to try and make it a better simulation of the whole naval scenario and also gives more accurate fog of war and multiple commanders. It works surprisingly quickly because you can have people.in the background running the mechanical outcomes of actions whilst the commanders are free to simply react to reports and plotnout their next moves.
    1
  5597. He actually had them at the back of the line, but with the course the Grand Fleet was on (ESE), when they had to change course the back became the front, with the exception of 5th BS, which could exposition at will.
    1
  5598. Same name on the Discord server (link in description) :)
    1
  5599. The book Corsair — The F4U in World War II and Korea specifically credits the initial certification of the Corsair as safe for carrier operations by the USN to work done by the Fleet Air Arm in terms of both modifications to the aircraft and the techniques used for landing.
    1
  5600. More damage yes, but I was referring to total number of successfully delivered payloads. A wave of torpedo bombers could drop a dozen torpedoes, successfully executing their attack, but still do no damage. The overall point being that fewer kamikazes physically got to the point of making their strikes compared to previously. Once they made their strikes, their success rates and effects were greater.
    1
  5601. I count it as a strike aircraft :)
    1
  5602. Pretty much an affected imitation :)
    1
  5603. His work is part of the reason why I have separated out the Baltic section for its own video :)
    1
  5604. Try later this afternoon European time :)
    1
  5605.  @danielgregg2530  there should only be skippable ads, if you can't skip one there is something wrong I need to look into
    1
  5606. ?
    1
  5607. I don't massively object to Bismarck having 4.1" AA, although navalised 127/8mm would be better. In fact one of my proposed redesigns of her has a pure 4.1" battery. My objection is the split secondary battery, which is inefficient.
    1
  5608. The C and D class conversions were meant to be a bridge until the full Dido class could come online.
    1
  5609. 6 foot nothing :)
    1
  5610. I was making a joke about how I as a Brit had boarded the ship but no-one had shot me yet :D
    1
  5611. Yeah, it's just I hadn't heard them before and by that point I'd been aboard for several hours :)
    1
  5612. Can do
    1
  5613. The Scharnhorst were definitely much superior to Graf Spee, the Spee was essentially an overdubbed heavy cruiser trying to vaguely adhere to treaty limits. Scharnhorst was a full on battlecruiser with the armour of a battleship.
    1
  5614. Sure
    1
  5615. There are a few on the list.
    1
  5616. It's spelled casemate, but regional and national pronunciation varies.
    1
  5617.  @lex0266  then I have just the video for you :) https://youtu.be/BoEFjl0buiM
    1
  5618.  @viking1236  its in the 'about' section of the channel page :) Fiveminuteguides@gmail.com
    1
  5619. ?
    1
  5620.  @MarcStjames-rq1dm  thedreadnoughtproject has a bunch, mainly German, the National Maritime Museum (Greenwich) website has a bunch at lower res as well
    1
  5621. Depends what you want to combat, for close in mass AA barrage the 4.5" is better. For a long range high altitude defence against more capable aircraft the 5.25" is better.
    1
  5622.  @Topher5035  hence why I mentioned Admiral King Hall, and then qualified Patey as being of the RAN, as both were involved but Patey was at the time appointed to command the RAN. Both King Hall as the outgoing commander of the Australia Station and Patey as the incoming Admiral of the RAN are on record as opposing the retention of the battlecruiser in UK waters, and as the "men on the scene" their representations were a significant factor in discussions on where the ship would be assigned.
    1
  5623.  @Topher5035  which is better served by a wider video looking at Commonwealth defence in the 1900's, it does not however change the fact that the direct origin of HMAS Australia is the fleet unit program.
    1
  5624.  @Topher5035  the article you linked is interesting, but fundamentally agrees on my narrative of the origins of HMAS Australia. What you seem to arguing with is that I haven't given a broader background of Australian naval defence efforts, but that isn't what this video is about, this a brief history of the battlecruiser, and as such I stand by my statements about what caused its ordering, as per the sources mentioned earlier.
    1
  5625. And your evidence for this ridiculous claim is????
    1
  5626. This is why he's only one of several sources, good for collating the action as a whole, but the details remain arguable, hence the periodic discussions of where various sources disagree. :)
    1
  5627. I mentioned the above average strength of the wood in her hulk. 😀 I fully agree Drake was an utter scoundrel, albeit there is a fine line between people disliking you and your own side opening fire at you 😀 JPJ is certainly and interesting character, I just think the USN has a few slightly better candidates for a founding figure 😉
    1
  5628. And ultimately the ones with/making the money won out, a pretty common theme at the time.
    1
  5629. Old Ottoman siege bombards
    1
  5630. You can accomodate a small family in the barrell of one of those guns if you visit Fort Nelson :D
    1
  5631. True in 1941/2 with the exception of the Martlet, but Force Z wasn't attacked by Kido Butai aircraft :)
    1
  5632. Yeah some Wednesday's have a shorter piece of new content to let me also upload a bunch of revoiced vids. Other times it's a single longer new video. :)
    1
  5633. What om earth are you on about?
    1
  5634. I can't sing :p
    1
  5635. You could do so, but it would take so long that any tactical operation you wanted the ship for would be long over by the time it arrived.
    1
  5636. It's a way of telling other ships in the battle-line about the range to the enemy.
    1
  5637. No, just 29,000, not that much power is needed to hit 21 knots. Most dreadnoughts that made 21 knots had similar power outputs.
    1
  5638. It's physically possible to do, but the time it would take would preclude it from taking part in any operation you didn't have at at least half a year's worth of warning for.
    1
  5639. If you 'name swap' the ships then the ship would get to sink Kirishima, but on balance a Fuso class is a bigger kill.
    1
  5640. Given that the US Navy itself recognised the ammunition expenditure and hit rate was completely unacceptable and pretty much immediately introduced wide ranging upgrades and reforms to address the issue, I'd say they rather shared my view of that particular aspect of the engagement. And what was the 4th battlecruiser lost by the RN at Jutland?
    1
  5641. Nope, it's a Wednesday special, no guide number :)
    1
  5642. sure
    1
  5643. The main reason I discounted it was precisely because Graf Zeppelin was incredibly unlikely to be completed in time for that even on her original schedule. Most likely it would have compelled the RN to keep carriers with the Home Fleet.
    1
  5644.  @MichalSoukup1995  people always forget I have AP [evil grin]
    1
  5645. Yep, might make my Conqueror gun crews happy though :)
    1
  5646.  @samstewart4807  I will look into it and incorporate that into the next sponsored segment :)
    1
  5647. It's an internal page, I think only the landing page has anything to bring it to searches attention :)
    1
  5648.  @audacityHD  there is a submarine next week :)
    1
  5649.  @ashsboomstick2417  possibly, I'll have to see which documents I got from the archive and which I found in online repositories
    1
  5650. Nope, artist impression of a Montana :)
    1
  5651. ?
    1
  5652. There was a bit of low level individual pirate activity that persisted.
    1
  5653.  @michaelimbesi2314  they next best source was Scandinavia, which is why the 'League of Armed Neutrality' ran into Nelson at Copenhagen.
    1
  5654. I'm from the UK, how a word is said can change every 20 miles and all can be valid 😀
    1
  5655. The wreck
    1
  5656. Will keep an eye out! :)
    1
  5657.  @OceanlinerDesigns  definitely, I can show you around some of my favourites!
    1
  5658.  @alan6832  I tend to go for the perspective of whichever crew is in the point-of-view at the time. :)
    1
  5659.  @pauloakwood9208  they're the only good hi-res photos of that class of DD I could find, just happens to be post war when they are US prizes
    1
  5660.  @hannesromhild8532  nope, did it contain any links or strong language? I've noticed YT tends to auto-censor those.
    1
  5661. In Catapult the British drowned up and rather explicitly laid out what the options were beforehand. In Corsica the Germans claimed they were going to leave peacefully, and then tried to kill everyone. There are a few key differences there.
    1
  5662. Not once it combines with other things :)
    1
  5663. The RN documents describe the charges sweating through the silk bags, this then 'crystallised' on the exterior of the bags and this then could be rubbed or knocked off by moving the bags around.
    1
  5664. The QE's were only a couple of years into service with a new calibre of guns, their charges would also be new and thus would not have had a chance to degrade with age.
    1
  5665. Charges on WW1 RN ships were stored in leather cases, not metal, and the sweating of crystallised nitroglycerin is taken from RN reports from the time that were part of the justification for changing the cordite formula later in the 1910's. The problem comes from when the charges are removed from the cases for transport, the movement causes the buld up to be knocked off and it then trails through the ship.
    1
  5666. It seems to have bound itself to the dust on the floor etc, hence why the dust collected on HMS Lion was so volatile it could be used as a fuse line.
    1
  5667. For Averoff, her biggest claim to fame was the pre-WW1 fights
    1
  5668. Hopefully no long term issues from that experience at sea!
    1
  5669. At the range of the fight with Bismarck the German shells were coming in at very shallow angles, plunging fire with the high velocity German guns was practically impossible at any reasonable battle range.
    1
  5670.  @timothytan4257  Guadalcanal is being covered at 1 video per month :)
    1
  5671. Sure, which ones?
    1
  5672. Sure, just drop me an email to confirm what work you are doing, I might be able to supply more details :)
    1
  5673. My apologies, I only managed 3 years of High School German :(
    1
  5674.  @jkausti6737  very true, hence in my answer in the video it would vary hugely as to who would win almost on a monthly basis as other issues strengthened or weakened the available German forces
    1
  5675. It depends on the fixing method, a lot of the hull plating we're talking about would've been riveted, and whilst expedient patches were put in for a lot of wartime repair, the ideal is to replace the whole panel, in many cases at least some of the joints run along frames and such, so whilst they are weak points they are still supported, whereas cutting out a small portion of a hull plate and fitting a custom cut piece to it would mean those joints might be completely unsupported.
    1
  5676. It depends on how bad the damage is. Ideally you get the ammo out ASAP when the ship reaches its main dock for repairs, but sometimes the damage is such you have to do repairs or at least clean up just to access the ammo.
    1
  5677. There's an ideal way to do it, and then there's all the inventive ways people will come up with to not end up in the sea :)
    1
  5678. Chunks of metal from the ship that get thrown about at high speed by explosions.
    1
  5679. Not yet
    1
  5680. The Gato's are somewhere on the list. Specific events or developments can be added to the list on request. :)
    1
  5681. Not yet, early next year :)
    1
  5682. It's due relatively soon :)
    1
  5683. I'll happily cover older ships, there are a few on the list to do. :)
    1
  5684. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VjZLZzrdwSw
    1
  5685. It's due soon
    1
  5686. Could do, probably a Wednesday Special
    1
  5687. Soon (TM)
    1
  5688. Unfortunately not :(
    1
  5689.  @novusregnum  no worries, the five minute guides are fairly basic due to time constraints, so relatively simple stuff for ships like armament, speed, the basic reasoms they were built etc are usually going to be stated the same all over. :)
    1
  5690.  @icarus_falling  There will be a Wednesday episode on this at some point :)
    1
  5691.  @John-ru5ud  he was initially trying for a favourable engagement where the sun would be in the germans eyes. But Spee kept the range open to deny the fight using his superior speed. Then when it became clear Sore was waiting for sunset, Craddock had to go all in or be destroyed at range.
    1
  5692. They were almost always naval guns they'd brought ashore :D And they rarely if ever concentrated them in large numbers for a single target. :)
    1
  5693. The live-streams are something I do when I have the time, and in advance of the Patreon Drydock :)
    1
  5694. Yep, because no-one would be stupid enough to parade a bunch of troops ships and pre-dreads through a Med with a hostile Italian Fleet in it, until the latter was dealt with.
    1
  5695. In 1939 they are slightly larger, slightly longer, faster, slightly better protected etc, basically most of the improvements you'd expect for an extra 7,000 tons.
    1
  5696. I put it to a vote and the majority wanted to keep it
    1
  5697. The main problem was that Congress basically starved the USN of fund for any major warship outside of a couple of battleships per year. This meant that if the USN had needed to go to war solo in the 1910's against any of the other major navies, they would have zero effective fleet screen as all the destroyers and cruisers were hopelessly obsolete and few in number, which in turn would mean that they would have little to no fleet scouting and thus little information about what was going on to hand, and practically no defense against a mass torpedo attack by the enemy fleet screen, any other major fleet and potentially some of the second-line ones would blow right through the USN fleet screen of the 1910-1916 period and leave the US battleline facing both battleship and torpedo attack at the same time. It's effectively the same policy as paying for the Army today to have a few tanks, but no IFV's, APC's or even infantry.
    1
  5698. But adding an inch to both will result in 2.5 times the weight when upping deck armour.
    1
  5699. There are, but they are quite hard to find. :)
    1
  5700. You just described the politicians way of doing things. The engineers way of doing things is to give the contract to the person who makes the best ship, not the cheapest.
    1
  5701.  Tommy Jacobs  That is exactly what the Drydock is for...
    1
  5702.  @spartan5157  it's a mix, but the issues with 4th Fleet and IJN ships at the time are somewhat different from normal seakeeping/sea-worthiness issues.
    1
  5703.  @spartan5157  fourth fleet is it's own special category. :D
    1
  5704.  @Maty83.  If there's another good platform out there. :)
    1
  5705. Her armament varied during her career, changing with almost every voyage and often even then what was aboard varied from what she officially sailed with.
    1
  5706. I did add (Extended) to the title :)
    1
  5707.  @ethanjacques-n9p-catch21luck7  eventually :)
    1
  5708. I've heard of them :)
    1
  5709. I'll take a look
    1
  5710.  @bluehillanimation326  Aircraft carriers would likely be the larger threat as the ships torpedo defences would likely not be up to WW2 spec without massive and costly refits, whilst the armour thickness is still decent.
    1
  5711. I phrased it that way since, although the motives of the officers and crew are understandable, it's still a less than ideal end for a ship of war.
    1
  5712. The largest supermarket bottle that's easy to find is 8 pints. :)
    1
  5713. They ships were of different classes so had different numbers of 9.2 inch and 7.5 inch guns, Defence carried 4 and 10 respectively, Black Prince and Duke of Edinburgh 6 and 10 each, and Warrior carried 6 and 4.
    1
  5714. USS Oregon
    1
  5715. I made sure to have a good selection of women's cut shirts included :)
    1
  5716. Second link in the video description below the timestamps for the questions
    1
  5717. Link in the video description :)
    1
  5718. There was a period when there was no US Navy after the Continental Navy was disbanded, whether the US Navy dates from its establishment post independence or if it inherits from the Continental Navy despite the interesting disbandment is a matter of debate. But it's also not really anything to do with the question the viewer asked, which is whether the various navies can be considered descendants of the Royal Navy.
    1
  5719. I'm a big fan of his :)
    1
  5720. Given the working up issues the NorCals were having with their props at the time, I wouldn't necessarily hold my breath on them.
    1
  5721. I made a mistake due to a mixture of medication and fatigue. :p I'm planning to address it I'm the next but one Drydock. Always admit when you make a mistake! :)
    1
  5722.  @marcinfrostymroz  yeah, I might revisit it now that I've been reminded Algerie is actually pre-war
    1
  5723. A lot of prewar US heavy cruisers had issues with weight and/or their guns.
    1
  5724. Probably February
    1
  5725.  @theoccupier1652  she's a way down the list but on it :)
    1
  5726. I have a throat infection that's leaving me really tired at the moment :)
    1
  5727. I will cover it in the future, but yes, a mass air strike was planned.
    1
  5728. Built yes, but not in USN service, so would've followed the Argentine naming convention.
    1
  5729. I can take a look at them, or you can contact the Imperial War Museum :)
    1
  5730. If someone is willing to translate and record it 😀 I don't think anyone wants to here me try a full video in French 😀
    1
  5731.  @Ikit1Claw  they aren't fake
    1
  5732. I try to balance the audio and it sounds OK on my end, I think something about the yt processing must mess with it
    1
  5733. There will be an extensive citation list at the conclusion of the series.
    1
  5734. 1:6000 scale from Magister Millitum, about the only way to do the entire battle without a money tree and a football field :)
    1
  5735. It's on the list to get to eventually.
    1
  5736. Only kicked off in 1807/8
    1
  5737. Yep, shouldve caught that in editing
    1
  5738. Fletcher's are due soon :)
    1
  5739. The approach I took was one of implications as opposed to specific outcomes. Force Z's loss had a lot of local knock ons but ultimately in and of itself wasn't going to lose the war. Whereas Beatty lost and only avoided massive damage to the Grand Fleet through fortune of War.
    1
  5740. Definitely looking at the markings would be more precise, but getting close enough to read them is much easier on Wisconsin and New Jersey than it is on Iowa or especially Missouri, so I went with a method that you can discern from a distance :)
    1
  5741. I was recovering from being badly ill, yeah. :)
    1
  5742. Yep, waiting for the weather to be good enough to go to Portsmouth and take photos.
    1
  5743. There was a similar question earlier about the Australian/Canadian/etc navies in general at the Washington Naval Treaty
    1
  5744.  @wolfshanze5980  assuming the US was operating alone sure. In the context of the 1940's where British cooperation can be taken as a given, it would make more sense to take the fastest route to fight Japan, unless they used the voyage to San Diego as the ships shakedown cruise of course.
    1
  5745. 54 cal = 5 (calibre in inches) * 54 = 270 inches barrel length.
    1
  5746.  @Bert2368  my videos are ad-free on YouTube. :)
    1
  5747.  @Hesperideskeeper  it's an experiment, so always happy to hear comments and feedback :)
    1
  5748.  @dclark142002  The flip side to that argument is that Germany didn't actually build a fleet to defend global interests, in fact the German Fleet was noticeably deficient in commerce protection vessels compared to almost every other major fleet apart from the USN (mostly because Congress wouldn't give the USN enough money to actually build cruisers as well as keep up with capital ship construction). What Germany built was a fleet almost entirely mono-focused on one task, fighting the RN in the North Sea. That was a direct challenge to the RN and ended up receiving the appropriate response. Had the German's built a more balanced fleet focused on a core home defense force and a large fleet of cruisers for commerce protection, the RN's response would've been far less dramatic.
    1
  5749.  @cedricbrown823  Yep :)
    1
  5750. Sure
    1
  5751. We have a new intro on the latest videos that replaces it :)
    1
  5752. Sure, my two basic rules are 1) Name a class and/or ship and 2) nothing too modern so as to avoid modern geopolitics.
    1
  5753. It was, then it was sunk, and an Essex was named for it.
    1
  5754. And I was sure I had it right this time after I saw a documentary on its sinking... :(
    1
  5755. Yeah, fleet carriers/capital ships are where the Essex is the largest.
    1
  5756.  @sillysailor5932  partially, but also a lack of need, privateers were banned, most pirates were gotten rid of and naval patrols in the remaining areas were quite common. The cost of carrying weapons became more than the occasional benefits for people focused on profits, and no amount of weapons would be able to stop a hostile warship.
    1
  5757.  @sillysailor5932  surprisingly not until the latter part.of the 19th century
    1
  5758.  @jacobnicholson1232  I looked several times and there were no instructions on connecting and the only WiFi network was a password protected one called AndroidAP. We were on a 787 Dreamliner if that helps
    1
  5759. Back in the 19th century everything was a lot more public, with detailed ship specs being published and discussed in newspapers. :)
    1
  5760. Got to have something for another video! 😀
    1
  5761.  @rthrtyrt  fiveminuteguides@gmail.com :)
    1
  5762. Would you be willing to share? :)
    1
  5763. Probably the robovoiced versions of the re-released Renown and Richelieu videos.
    1
  5764. All sorts of places. Happy to send you the ones I've got. :)
    1
  5765. Sure, drop the channel an email - fiveminuteguides@gmail.com
    1
  5766. Not at the time of construction, by World War 2 with revised shells and changes to the turrets it's a much closer story.
    1
  5767.  @hawkerhellfire9152  Her repairs in the delta mostly consisted of taking apart her engines and related machinery for transport to Dar-es-Salaam, a few minor fixes for wear and tear to the hull plus cleaning out the grates, funnels etc whilst the engines were down.
    1
  5768.  @Karthagast  As I said, the arguments for and against the ship are varied, most center around speed, primarily because at the time of the ship coming into service there were a number of torpedo boats capable of greater speed and thus being able to get around it, coupled with that ship having a minimal torpedo armament itself (Again relative to contemporaries). A ship designed primarily as an escort which is slower than some of it's targets and carries minimal torpedo armament of it's own typically can be argued to fall into the torpedo gunboat role, whereas the torpedo boat destroyer generally was designed equally for offence and defence, had to be about as fast as contemporary torpedo boats and had to carry a reasonable torpedo punch itself. There is also the issue of a design lineage, Destructor didn't spawn an immediately identifiable line of successor designs. Hence, some well respected authors argue the ship was more like one of the ultimate expressions of the torpedo gunboat as opposed to a torpedo boat destroyer. With that controversy still ongoing, I couldn't in good faith state that Destructor catagorically was the first destroyer, but at the same time, it needed to be mentioned. Hence I added the segment on it to encourage people to look at it in more detail and come to their own conclusions.
    1
  5769. I mentioned the ship, but the narrative is not as clear cut as you believe. Whilst Destructor can be argued as the first destroyer, there are as many arguments from historians that it was more torpedo gunboat than it was an early destroyer (or torpedo boat destroyer), specifically most of those centre around it's speed.
    1
  5770. Mostly merchants and her own courtiers 😀
    1
  5771.  @eric24567  which part of the video do you refer to? :)
    1
  5772. Depends what period in the war you are looking at, early in the war the USN fast fleet oiler numbers were not high.
    1
  5773. By this point in ship development sail speeds were pretty low compared to speed under power. Something in the order of 8-12 knots was typical depending in the ship.
    1
  5774. USS Oregon
    1
  5775. Yep, at some point I got the Two mixed up in recording, even though my notes have them the right way around!
    1
  5776.  @sarjim4381  I think I've been spending too much time recently reading up on the Crimean War Baltic operations. It's kinda associated the war with the sea :p
    1
  5777. See the pinned post :)
    1
  5778. See the pinned post :)
    1
  5779. Yep
    1
  5780. sure
    1
  5781. If so, the museum displays will need correcting. :)
    1
  5782. No wardroom on this frigate, nowhere near enough space :)
    1
  5783. In theory, if you don't mind losing a fair bit of broadside for a warship or cargo space for a merchant ship. It wouldn't be especially elegant or efficient, but it could be (and was) done.
    1
  5784.  @michaelkaylor6770  Sure
    1
  5785. Man-portable projectile weapons would be slightly different to 'artillery' as such (OK technically they're the same thing but you get what I mean) :)
    1
  5786. Yes, the stores I was referring to were lightweight things like cleaning and firefighting supplies, dishes etc for the messes, that kind of thing.
    1
  5787. Switched to showing the Battlecruiser variant designs for the QE class
    1
  5788. No worries on that count :)
    1
  5789.  @murderouskitten2577  the old Volvo estates were great, but these days thanks to UK road tax etc, buying a newer vehicle with better emissions standards and fuel efficiency was required best move
    1
  5790. I had a V40 but I needed something able to carry reenactment equipment whilst not being the size of a barge
    1
  5791. I was thinking along the lines of a smaller population group surrounded by and governed by English speaking settlers for considerably longer would be more likely to lead to a cultural diffusion as compared to the larger and more historically bedded in population by the 1760's which was better placed to survive culturally.
    1
  5792. Understood, I was mainly trying to use the diagrams as a rough guide to appearance as opposed to categorically saying what each diagram corresponded to, but useful information for all viewers nonetheless 😀
    1
  5793. Ever heard of Newtons Laws of Motion?
    1
  5794. The case studies are one post-war test and then the other four are split equally, Von der Tann and Seydlitz as well as Tiger and Lion
    1
  5795. Sure I'll add it to the list
    1
  5796. The most effective fleet is one that can hold formation in the line of battle, at least during the age of guns. A fleet that can keep the same speed a achieves that. Planning around detaching part of your battleline into overwhelming odds isn't likely to help. Exactly what that unified speed should be or if some or all ships should have something in reserve for tactical redeployment is another discussion.
    1
  5797. I'll add it to the list :)
    1
  5798. Can do, although it varies depending on how the gun was built :)
    1
  5799. screams internally
    1
  5800.  @aluminumfence  Anything you can get is fine, obviously things like the weapons, machinery and beauty shots of the ship at various angles are good, but there are always loads of random details that are usually worth a mention if there is an image to show people :)
    1
  5801. That would be great. :)
    1
  5802. To a degree, the British did have plans for a daylight attempt, but as per the video, the various aerial recon lines hadn't seen anything so they had concluded no run was due that particular day.
    1
  5803. The same fog that made spotting the German ships hard made return fire impossible, radar couldn't pick out shore batteries nestled in cliffs.
    1
  5804.  @datgood121  I plan to eventually, but they take a lot of time and cat-herding to organise :)
    1
  5805. It is indeed, although somewhat down the line
    1
  5806. You do :)
    1
  5807. That's because he is :)
    1
  5808. Always open to constructive feedback
    1
  5809. See ya!
    1
  5810. Churchill had a lot of 'interesting' ideas. Good leader, terrible tactician.
    1
  5811. Yeah, but the Italians are wrong, they never hit Warspite at Calabria :)
    1
  5812. Between 1 in 20 and 1 in 25 calibres for most big Dreadnought era guns
    1
  5813. Larger weapons could be made, the Dora cannon is evidence enough of that. Practicality on the other hand...
    1
  5814. Yeah, got confused with Buffalo :D
    1
  5815. It's in the video description :)
    1
  5816. The destroyer launched versions were Mk15's
    1
  5817. Single pom poms were a thing, look out for the video on Sackville later in the year where we have fun with one :)
    1
  5818. You are correct, I made the correct ID later when looking at them closer :)
    1
  5819. This was shot with a DJI Mini 2, but I also now use the Mini 3
    1
  5820. When the tourists are there I suspect the gulls spend a good amount of time chasing them around, thus less time on the ship :D With no-one around, they are more likely to just sit around the highest point (the ships) and keep an eye out for the odd snack. At least that seems logical to me :)
    1
  5821. The Canadians would probably disagree 😀 Although to be fair it is a fine line, as technically then Vampire and Mikasa would count as British :)
    1
  5822. Martin Horowitz yeah, noticed when it was mentioned and cleaned it up :)
    1
  5823. How would you abbreviate those into English?
    1
  5824. Certainly
    1
  5825. Which timestamp?
    1
  5826. The Pre-Treaty 'Nelson' would have been a G3 :)
    1
  5827. Eventually :)
    1
  5828. Yes, it was published in 1939, right before the start of the war. You can see the full res version here: https://ibb.co/grYgeU
    1
  5829. I have genuinely seen at least 3 people argue Tirpitz was indeed scuttled :D
    1
  5830. There is a subtle difference between direct fleet support and general recon duties on behalf of the rest of the forces engaged as part of a campaign
    1
  5831. Should be in the video description :)
    1
  5832.  @gordon7415  the main reason I didn't include a reference is that the situation was so grave and complex it would need more than a passing sentence or two, and the history of the incident is hugely contradictory. Whilst researching this video I found so many conflicting accounts of all events I'm not entirely sure what went out outside of the broadest strokes. You have some accounts vilifying the Allied ships in a manner similar to what you described, whilst others have the British battleships and destroyers holding off Turkish troops with their secondary batteries trained and Marines ashore to get an orderly queue of people off the jetties, and everything between the two extremes. As such, it's hard to make any definitive call on the role played by Iron Duke and her crew.
    1
  5833. Part 3 early next year
    1
  5834. This is part2 :D
    1
  5835. From the book: UNRESTRICTED WARFARE - How a New Breed of Officers Led the Submarine Force to Victory in World War II by James F. DeRose
    1
  5836. Early next year, maybe December :)
    1
  5837. She's in the middle of a maintenance cycle so I suspect the deck is going to be cleaned and repainted as part of that. :)
    1
  5838. How can I contact you to help facilitate this? :)
    1
  5839. Don't worry, those two features have disappeared from the newer videos, the revoiced videos retain them however.
    1
  5840.  @flambegaming503  I have replied :)
    1
  5841. They could ask for aircraft but budgets, priority and what the specifications actually came out as were in large part in the RAF's hands.
    1
  5842. No worries, I honestly have no idea where the audio issues came from, I recorded the Elswick video, this one and Hood back to back but this one had loads of weird electronic background noise. I scrubbed it until it wasn't audible but o think it took some of my voice with it.
    1
  5843. The Last Warrior
    1
  5844.  @shaner9155  latter part of the 1900's is 1905-1909, latter part of 1910's is 1915-1919 etc 😀
    1
  5845. 1900's as in 1900-1909
    1
  5846. Look at the publishing date :D
    1
  5847. Sure thing
    1
  5848. There were enough detailed entries I'm probably not going to be able to have the competition video done until next week, I've enlisted the help of a local wargames group to comprehensively test the (adjusted designs) in squadron combat to ensure a fair analysis of the various ships qualities :)
    1
  5849. Let's go with that one first, I'm trying to avoid active service ships but we can always revisit that in the future.
    1
  5850. Will add it to the next list update
    1
  5851. Sure, suggest a class or noteworthy ship and I'll add it to the list. A few are in the pipeline :)
    1
  5852. Most likely because they were in the Denmark Strait and the British were blocking the south. If they'd broken off the British could've blocked passage south until they could bring more ships up to close things down from the north, assuming the German ships didn't run out of fuel first.
    1
  5853. By the time Tirpitz was finished, no, the British had too many of their own battleships stationed in the Home Fleet
    1
  5854. Which match-up?
    1
  5855. I think it would depend on what the American's lost. If they Japanese got lucky and traded carriers 1 for 1 at Coral Sea they'd be more likely to hit Midway as the USN wouldn't have the force to stop them. Conversely, if the American's come out without a hull loss then the IJN would have to be a lot more careful.
    1
  5856. Haven't done one of those specifically yet. :
    1
  5857. But what would it be vs?
    1
  5858. Thanks for sticking with the channel! I think there would've been a fleet showdown, probably with the Russian's 'helping' as best they could. I suspect however that a clever German commander would've filled the access to the Baltic with torpedo boats and subs, done what damage they could, and then closed the door behind the RN with the High Seas Fleet, since this would have forced them to fight their way out OR protect the transports, but not been able to do both.
    1
  5859.  @xAlexTobiasxB  the primary FC director tends to be at the time of the main mast, so a hit to the hull or anything but the upper forward superstructure is unlikely to kill that directly, except with a very lucky splinter. Roughly speaking, broadside on, I'd reckon the actual director is vulnerable to hits over maybe 5-10% of the ships facing surface. Withoutthe main cables being protected, the FCS could be knocked outwith a hit anywhere on maybe 25-30% of the facing surface, which is a considerable disadvantage.
    1
  5860. Firstly, Renown had a better protected citadel than the Kongo's, sure it wasn't up to the standards of a full WW2 battleship, but it's far to well protected for cruisers to take at a reasonable range. Secondly, with regards to Bismarck, the British and US ships protected the cables from the primary FC director with armoured tubes, they wouldn't stop a direct hit but they'd protect from splinters and blast from a near miss. Bismarck had protected trunks for it's secondary FC directors but not the primary, which meant that Bismarck was at risk of having the main FCS knocked out by a shell that hit anywhere on the forward superstructure, or even splinters from further out.
    1
  5861. Given the historical completion dates for those ships, without a war (allowing Germany to actually finish the ships) the Lion class would also be complete.
    1
  5862. Zimm also gets a few details about the oil tanks wrong.
    1
  5863.  @mitchm4992  Anything you want, within reason
    1
  5864. The depth fuse was to arm them so they didn't explode on contact with the ocean.
    1
  5865.  @06runway  I said most of the age of sail, the late 1700s are the last century of that period. Moreover, that particular question response was pretty much verbatim from a book describing ships navigation in the 1690's and 1710's.
    1
  5866. At least half of what you listed was not available for most of the age of sail, which was the period the question was asking about
    1
  5867. I can dial back the radio effect, I introduced it a couple of battle reports ago to indicate a "voices from the past" feel to survivors accounts.
    1
  5868. Actual German did those bits :D
    1
  5869.  @daniellastuart3145  I'm pretty sure both sides millitary leaders were pretty sure it would never work, but the political masters were a different story. When it's been wargamed the Germans normally manage to land something, it just gets bottled up and destroyer when the RN shows up.
    1
  5870.  @daniellastuart3145  the Royal Navy certainly had plans to deal with an invasion force, but equally a huge amount of work and money went into preparing land based defences and weapons for use in the event of a German landing. A lot of people high up believed a German invasion was possible, and they knew from the UK's own history that it's very easy to build huge numbers of small craft in a short time. It was far better to mitigate the risk and deny the Germans any large concentration of landing craft that even to leave them with a force that could conduct a raid, which would vastly damage morale. In terms of pure hard calculus, the best way to win the war would have been to let the Germans invade and then close the door on them, but that plan only works in our mathematical terms, in reality it would never be allowed.
    1
  5871. It's due a video around March/April
    1
  5872. Anyone can be wrong, (even me! :D ) but the kind of behaviour I object to is when people find a single mistake (or even just a possible one) and then on that basis instantly dismiss the entire body of work in favour of their own assumptions, or just dismiss an entire book on the basis of their own biases. I've seen people dismiss anything and everything D K Brown has ever written for example, on the basis of "He's British and was part of the RN, so anything he says will be biased and wrong", almost word-for-word. :(
    1
  5873. Did you not bother listening to the first few minutes of the video?
    1
  5874. Who is Mark?
    1
  5875. And John Jervis got his title from the battle 😀
    1
  5876.  @MrTScolaro  what options would you prefer and we can look to incorporate it?
    1
  5877. I love to do a long-distance cruise at some point, just need to work out to where. :D
    1
  5878.  @1SKIALI  This video is only set to have a skippable pre-roll ad :(
    1
  5879.  @LiveErrors  community post went up at the end of the day, the video for the winners I ended up not being able to make same-day :(
    1
  5880.  @LiveErrors  it's up as a community announcement and a video will go up later today
    1
  5881. For the giveaway or the armoured cruiser design contest?
    1
  5882.  @MarekDohojda  if you run low on fuel the engines will be sucking in all sorts of crud that's settled in the tanks that will likely do damage before you run out, unless the ship has been very well kept. With regards to battle, even at full speed fuel would last a few days, so unless a raider was already heading home, fuel in combat wouldn't be an issue.
    1
  5883.  @MarekDohojda  for coal, just check which bunkers are left and how full. With oil fuel, tanks could be read like fuel tanks in cars. :)
    1
  5884.  @StrategosKakos  yes, this is when the brig Mercury (Russian, 18 guns) fought two Ottoman ships of the line, Selimiye and Real-bei.
    1
  5885. What makes you think I hate the USA?
    1
  5886. By the tike of the engagement they'd had to fall back :)
    1
  5887. Their guns used horizontal sliding breechs which needed huge amounts of space to operate compared to the screw breechs almost everyone else used
    1
  5888. They used the hull as a section of pontoon bridge
    1
  5889. It is, hiding behind the Swedish ship :)
    1
  5890. What was the ship?
    1
  5891. That's Ostfriesland later in life :)
    1
  5892.  @sergarlantyrell7847  It depends on the gun and time period, the navweaps site is pretty good at noting the source of the figures in notes around the tables, so it can vary hugely. As far as Bismarck is concerned, without using super-charges on the British guns, the German gun is carrying about 2-3" more penetration based on test data from both sides at practical battle ranges (there is also a USN formula that gives alternate values, but where official data from the manufacturing nation is available I prefer to use that)
    1
  5893. It is the Ostfriesland in later life 😀
    1
  5894. As said above, Ostfriesland after the war, as it's one of the better shots of the ship
    1
  5895. The problem with concentrating in Cuba is that it's right on the USA's doorstep, they can bring a lot more ships to bear on it that the Spanish Fleet can, whereas in the Philippines, the US can only bring a fraction of its strength to bear, whilst in theory the Spanish can concentrate most of their forces, which would give them an advantage. :)
    1
  5896. The Indiana's were capable of making it over the ocean, but given the distance, the chances for damage due to bad weather and putting one or more of the few US battleships too far away to be recalled had something gone wrong at Cuba, I don't see the USN dispatching Oregon until it would be far too late.
    1
  5897.  @smokejaguarsix7757  we know why they recalled it, because the battle in the Caribbean was lost and with the Spanish colonies there fallen there wasn't any point in keeping the war going. The USN battleships there would be free to sail to support or avenge Dewey and they Spanish would only lose more ships. As long as the USN was mostly tied up in the Caribbean there was a chance of stopping Dewey and having something to trade at the table. With both theatres lost it was time to cut their losses.
    1
  5898. I wouldn't call sending their sole battleship and best cruiser as a reinforcement fleet with enough power to crush Dewey "rolling over", even if they recalled it when it became clear the rest of the war was lost.
    1
  5899. The Destructor is sometimes cited as the first modern destroyer, but others call it a torpedo gunboat. Perhaps I'll cover it in a livestream at some point
    1
  5900. A number of Town class and related follow-ons would either have X turret removed at some point or never installed due the unceasing top-right of radar, fire-control and AA systems. :)
    1
  5901. A number of Town class and related follow-ons would either have X turret removed at some point or never installed due the unceasing top-right of radar, fire-control and AA systems. :)
    1
  5902. Generally I try and get pictures in chronological order, in this case there were a few details best served by certain photos at critical points and this meant a blend of the timeline
    1
  5903. The x turret removal was common to many ships of the class and was covered in the general Town class video. For Sheffield it appears to have been done in her '44/'45 refit. Wasn't able to cover it in the video due to time contraints just covering the ships actions.
    1
  5904. At the request of the museum, no human remains were to be filmed
    1
  5905. I just go by what the museum requests, I am after all their guest :)
    1
  5906. Also, Ramilles was the flagship of a squadron, so you could ask is it better to lead a small fleet from a third rate or just have command of one big ship? :)
    1
  5907. It stored the energy upon being brought to speed, this energy was the used gradually to mechanically drive the torpedo propeller.
    1
  5908. Can you give a timestamp?
    1
  5909.  @arkadiuszrucinski2020  which ones?
    1
  5910. The use of J as a distinct letter slightly post dates the ship, but the indications are that the pronounced form was already in common use, just represented by I, which also textually covered a lot of what we would now consider I, Y and G sound versions.
    1
  5911.  @xmlthegreat  no worries, no harm done :) I just sometimes get a little sensitive when people say a video is a restatement of wiki, both because of the time I put into the video, but also because doing so would undermine the reliability of the channels information given the wildly varying quality of wiki articles.
    1
  5912.  @davidmcintyre8145  aren't the same or have I been eating them wrong? 😕
    1
  5913. Not unless someone who served on them wants to be interviewed :)
    1
  5914. I think that's 'Federal German Ship', which would probably be West Germany?
    1
  5915.  @Empoleonman522the2  530 x104 x 47ft total depth dimensions 53.5k she for 20.5 knots 8 x 16" in two triple and one twin turret
    1
  5916. Can't, please see the latest community post
    1
  5917. If you disagree with what the video said about the Nelsons, take it up with the USN, they wrote the reports about them. Not me or the RN
    1
  5918. Whilst your definition is correct that's not the term that's useful here. With considerations of armour plate in this context its not so much when it breaks as how it breaks, any armour can be overwhelmed with a big enough gun at close enough range. But when it breaks, whether the material is relatively brittle or ductile massively affects if the material mostly remains in place, which is vital for a ship under bombardment from multiple shots.
    1
  5919. Plastic deformation is non-returnable. Ductile is on the opposite end of the scale from brittle. A ductile material will bend considerably before it fails. Brittle materials bend little if at all before failure
    1
  5920. Contemporary US heavy cruisers to the County's have 10 guns or later 9 to the County class 8. Whilst the British gun van hit fairly hard for its size, there are just more American shells coming down range.
    1
  5921. In the days of mostly fixed square sails it's far less useful :)
    1
  5922. Yes, but the Mk9 used as a prototype used brass case charges
    1
  5923. It would definitely be competing for the title if it had been capable of being deployed on destroyers from the start of the war. Which it definitely should've been.
    1
  5924. ?
    1
  5925. It was a while before anyone requested them, so I've only done a few. :)
    1
  5926. Unfortunately a predatory DRM company with no actual rights to the old music is striking all uses of it.
    1
  5927. Which field do you work in? In my sector of engineering you'd see semi-regular negative results papers in fields where research was ongoing, which was helpful for others as it narrowed down further areas for exploration
    1
  5928.  @crazybarryfam  precisely! 😀
    1
  5929. That's the point 😀
    1
  5930. https://youtu.be/ChhUFyw4qf8
    1
  5931. She was, but I was thinking of the United States, which IIRC was awful on her maiden voyage until some clever soul suggested re trimming the ballast. :)
    1
  5932. When I was on the ship the docents explained the one F-14 they had to launch after it accidentally recovered to them barely made it off even at light load.
    1
  5933. I literally mentioned it twice...
    1
  5934. What on earth are you on about?
    1
  5935. Thanks, please report it!
    1
  5936. Fixed the thumbnail image :)
    1
  5937. Each Navy was subject to an overall tonnage limit on cruisers, which was an effective numbers limit unless you built well under the displacement per ship limit
    1
  5938. Indeed, unfortunately it came with a pack of other images that were all of Surcouf and by the time the error was realised, the video was already live and you can't add text post-upload anymore :(
    1
  5939. Have you got a link to this information?
    1
  5940. Vanguard is due soon, but I do have to follow the list, otherwise what's next becomes purely arbitrary.
    1
  5941. Depends on what year I have to pick from :)
    1
  5942. Interesting, the battleships reports of the time don't seem to make the distinction, mentioning starshell alongside main battery salvos. Always something new to learn!
    1
  5943. The Last Warrior, channel link in the description
    1
  5944.  @jarmokankaanpaa6528  a comparison in size between a standard British 15" twin, Bismarck and Yamato can been seen here: https://twitter.com/thegeneralboard/status/1367658857863012358?t=ZDHiwxoo1q0ghQSQoBYseA&s=19 I would note that Krupp were pretty much the only major gun maker in the world to persist with the brass cartridge and sliding breech block system in battleship grade guns despite the size penalties this imposed on the turrets. Everyone else went over to screw breeches. There is an additional issue in relation to gun pits, if you want to load at anything other than a flat angle, a sliding breech block needs a much wider gun pit to accommodate the needed movement.
    1
  5945. The main problem of a horizontal sliding breech block in a capital ship is that it needs significantly more space to the side of the gun than an interrupted screw breech block. This is why Bismarcks turrets are so large for a twin 15", which means extra weight and space taken up when a more conventional breech setup would allow for either more guns on the same barrette or the same armament in a smaller turret. As I noted, the USN solved this problem by using vertical sliding breach blocks, so Salems turrets are not overly large.
    1
  5946. Class designation
    1
  5947. Much cheaper at this point and whilst speed was more than the Flowers, it wasn't as fast as destroyers etc.
    1
  5948. Soon :)
    1
  5949. Absolutely :)
    1
  5950. Many thanks for pointing this out, it would bear covering in a follow up video at some point about the naval side of the war of 1812 in general. In this video I mainly aimed to cover the combat capability of the ship in question :)
    1
  5951. The amount of training across a Navy of the time varies by captain, and there is a physical limit to how fast you can safely fire a cannon. I can easily accept that Constitutions rate of fire comfortably exceeded some RN ships, but other ships with good crews like Shannon, Endymion or Majestic would've been able to fire just as fast.
    1
  5952.  @2adamast  It depends, when you are talking about one rate up or down from another it varied a bit. Most smaller rates were faster than theirnlarger counterparts, but this could get turned on its head on rough seas, and occasionally good design. Most 2nd rates would out-run a 1st rate, but occasionally you would get a really good 1st rate like the Victory that could out-run or keep up with almost any non-frigate.
    1
  5953. Can do, question is can I animate spinners on a warship :p
    1
  5954. It'll have to be a special, but sure :)
    1
  5955. It basically refers the early processes of large metal plate production, it could be rolled, pressed or hammered into shape (with very larger hammers).
    1
  5956. Sure, anything specific?
    1
  5957. HMS Glatton
    1
  5958. I believe he may have an error there, especially as if you check the elevation/striking velocity tables further down you see the Scharnhorst shell is consistently faster, with the gap getting larger as the range increases.
    1
  5959. On the flip side, the later designs had to devote a lot more displacement to torpedo defences, AA armament and engines for greater speed compared to older designs.
    1
  5960. All over the place :)
    1
  5961. Daminica Typhyr sure
    1
  5962. sure, I'll add it to the list.
    1
  5963. I'm not immediately aware of any Soviet WW2 midget subs? :)
    1
  5964. It was designed as a collaboration with MHV, hence the link at the end :)
    1
  5965. If you think affectionate humour is disdain...
    1
  5966. Fixed
    1
  5967.  @alexkudzin4980  it may be an for issue then, the drone shoots at 24fps, my cameras shoot at 30 or 60 fps, the rendering software must be closer to the drone than the camera fps
    1
  5968.  @alexkudzin4980  does it happen on the Haida video? Curious as that was filmed using a different camera at a different FPS rate.
    1
  5969. I suspect it might be a disconnect between the fps the video is recorded at and the one it is rendered at. But I'm not.sure
    1
  5970. It seems to be a weird effect of the cameras software switching mics doesn't have any effect. In more recent on site videos I've tried to mitigate that with mumbling unrelated stuff for the first minute or so.
    1
  5971. It provides constant power to the escapment I think
    1
  5972. Basically inflation doesn't actually reflect the true value of what you can do with a given amount of money and it's relative value in society. For example, Darke came back from.his round the world voyage with about £600,000 in loot. By pure inflation this is a lot, but wouldn't even be enough for him to break into the Top 100 richest people these days. However, at the time that figure represented twice the government's annual takings, it was an amount that could make or break countries. An equivalent sum today would be consoseravly more than the combined fortunes of the top 10 richest individuals.
    1
  5973. Actually if you look at any compass rose it's the way I said it, ENE, ESE, WNW etc. NEE doesn't exist on them.
    1
  5974. Not yet, but I will
    1
  5975. It's literally the name of the man who invented the clocks in question.
    1
  5976. No, they should all be there, which ones are missing?
    1
  5977. Mandatory :D
    1
  5978. You might be thinking about U-505
    1
  5979. Poland was the first major organised political entity to rule over Stettin. It's just that simple. Same as Londinium was originally Roman, New Amsterdam was originally Dutch, etc.
    1
  5980. Only if you have the wheels set to the right settings
    1
  5981. They did, but the majority of subs committed to that operation were Type IX's, the VIIC's sent later in the offensive were packed to the roof with extra fuel and had to use extraordinary measures to reach the US coast with a useful patrol fuel load even so. They were not ordinarily useful in the role.
    1
  5982. I have a schedule on drachinifel.co.uk and will be updating it soon
    1
  5983. Nobody actually died on it. The only xrew fatalities happened on the surface after escape.
    1
  5984. Not yet
    1
  5985. Of the two options, more likely a Senior Admiral is aboard and the photo is taken whilst some ceremony in ongoing at the stern.
    1
  5986. It's going to be covered when the St Vincent class gets covered. :)
    1
  5987. Depends on which Navy :) details like that tend to be covered by books that focus of specific navies or shop types within said navies.
    1
  5988. The turbine was more efficient in terms of a power generated per cubic foot, hence why you could get a powerplant for 21knts in less space than a VTE on that could give you 18knts.
    1
  5989. Not yet :)
    1
  5990. Sure
    1
  5991. Basically make a request and as long as its within reason it goes on the list :)
    1
  5992. For Graf Spee I believe they had to still spot the splashes but the ranging resolution was fine to aim in the first place.
    1
  5993. Hence why I said it was an extremely unrealistic optimal scenario, not realistic.
    1
  5994. It depends on the class for US ships, they tried all sorts of propulsion combinations in the interwar period, and the USN report I cited certainly seemed to believe a reasonable number of US subs would have to use diesels in reverse for independent harbour work.
    1
  5995.  @johnshepherd9676  the report seemed to suggest an advantage for low speed evolutions where switching back and forth from reversing to forward constantly was needed.
    1
  5996. I was quoting from a postwar USN report comparing the two sub types. :)
    1
  5997. Until tomorrow
    1
  5998. Tell that to the US media of the time :)
    1
  5999. For the big Drydocks there's a character limit to the video descriptions, the rest of the timestamps are in the pinned post :D
    1
  6000. It used to :(
    1
  6001. Yep
    1
  6002. Basically I was covering the period from 1815 through 1860, so the Continental Navy and early USN were outside the scope. I will be covering them at some point though. :)
    1
  6003. Sure, go find an American with the time to do the research and the willingness to put the work in to make the content. I'll wait...
    1
  6004. Can you email me?
    1
  6005. Depended on the era and thus the rate of technology advancement
    1
  6006. The Lion class BC's are due a review later this year. Personally I think the British BC design is more combat effective on paper, the ammo issues in terms of poor shell quality and bad cordite handling negated this at Jutland. But when it worked (eg HMS Tiger), they could take a huge battering from 11 and 12 inch shells, whereas the German BC's suffered more against 13.5 inch shells.
    1
  6007. Whilst yes you can't give them a blank cheque, I'd argue the Indefatigable's are a retrograde step from their predecessors, it would have been cheaper and more effective to just built 3 more Invincible's than make an actively worse design.
    1
  6008. Yeah, I choose questions based on interesting content, I don't control peoples user names. :)
    1
  6009. At a capital ship level at least they were counted against the Royal Navy limits due to the way the Washington Treaty had been negotiated.
    1
  6010. Would love to, but can't, story in one of the community posts
    1
  6011. It broke the speed of sound in it's fall.
    1
  6012.  @3vimages471  later this year :)
    1
  6013. There will be one next weekend. :)
    1
  6014. Ironclads got up to 24" of armour back when they are using just iron
    1
  6015. How can I be British biased about Trafalgar when the video doesn't even cover the battle? Only the run up to it?
    1
  6016.  @colbunkmust  the video was taken a little while back :)
    1
  6017. Yep
    1
  6018. That was with a boom :) But I have better lav mics now
    1
  6019. Definitely, painting some of them at the moment :)
    1
  6020. I've usually found it best to have my own head-canon loosely based on the official background
    1
  6021. Yep, they're on their way eventually
    1
  6022. Not all of them, just a few of the ones with more interesting careers
    1
  6023. They're further back in the channel history
    1
  6024.  @Justin-rv7oy  I can understand that, Just was confused as it wasn't mentioned in the video
    1
  6025. Yep, it's a good contrast in the relative size of WW1 and WW2 battleships
    1
  6026. It varied depending on target, but it definitely had massively demoralising effects on the Iraqi troops
    1
  6027. This Langley was CVL-27, and Independence class successor to CV-1 :)
    1
  6028. Yep, that was a mis-speak on my part.
    1
  6029. In a battle like this reports are always going to be somewhat confused but the baseline established seems to be at least nine torpedoes and at least 15 bombs.
    1
  6030. What kind of time works for the US if translated into UK time? :)
    1
  6031. It was presumed that Britain would fall entirely as opposed to France which retained the Vichy government.
    1
  6032. drop me an email :)
    1
  6033. I do, way back I streamed some as well
    1
  6034. ?
    1
  6035.  @irohaboat yep, I mean putting them on-screen.
    1
  6036. Could add conversions in text if that would help.
    1
  6037. ???
    1
  6038. Dazzle camo to confuse uboats
    1
  6039.  @AdlerGordon  I use twin/triple/quad for simplicity as people generally understand how many guns are involved then :)
    1
  6040.  @kennethdeanmiller7324  I have them grouped into playlists by type, but I'm guessing you'd want something a bit more granular?
    1
  6041. They had a big complicated logistics arrangement to get as much Welsh coal as possible to the fleet. The complaints when there wasn't enough to go around were legendary.
    1
  6042. Hi, if you could copy paste the above into Patreon that would be great :)
    1
  6043. An awful lot, the Iowa's were much lighter and much better shaped for speed, but needed 40,000 more shp.
    1
  6044. In more general scenarios I assume crew levels are about equal unless there are massive problems in an entire Navy. Neither the French or Italian navies had major fundamental problems with crew training. For individual ship engagements, crew becomes much more important
    1
  6045. The discord channel has a longer list of ships on my schedule. Need to update it though.
    1
  6046.  @nordic5628  I've got about 3.5 years of content listed for the guides with the list as it currently stands.
    1
  6047. They're on my list :)
    1
  6048. The main thing that tipped the balance for me was the shortcomings of the Bretagne class, the refitted Italian ships are fast enough to be able to either dictate the fight if the French stay together or have a 2:1 advantage against the Dunkerques if they match the Italians speed, which means that unless the French refuse battle entirely the Italians can choose when to deal with the Bretagnes, which gives them the overall advantage.
    1
  6049. Jones wasn't in the navy, he was in the merchant marine before he went to America
    1
  6050. Tbh, there's a special kind of unpopular that has your own squadron abandon you and/or start shooting at you instead of the enemy in the middle of a battle. 😀 For sure there were some pretty nasty characters on all sides, but since this video was about Jones, his failings get the spotlight.
    1
  6051. Fiveminuteguides@gmail.com
    1
  6052.  @dougdenhamlouie  you can write to the German millitary archives, with details that precise they should be able locate the squadrons operational in the area on that day as well as who lost aircraft. Alternatively try to contact Matti Salonen, he has a full database of Luftwaffe losses across WW2 and would probably be able to tell you very quickly.
    1
  6053.  @rdbchase  and was the only naval officer below the rank of Admiral to have been received in a French court up to that point.
    1
  6054.  @scottgiles7546  Hopefully that'll be sorted soon, this video was recorded just after I came back from holiday :)
    1
  6055. What did I say?
    1
  6056. Yeah, for some reason I got the two mixed up
    1
  6057. @tombogan03884  I'd argue they succeeded in becoming 'a' major naval power, it was when they tried to be 'the' major naval power in the Pacific that it all went wrong :)
    1
  6058. They're on the list to do eventually.
    1
  6059. However, a ship twice as large in dimensions has 8 times the volume of the smaller ship :)
    1
  6060. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VjZLZzrdwSw
    1
  6061.  @takashitamagawa5881  I was referring to the impact on the carriers logistics, accommodation for 3 man crews plus torpedoes and larger bombs took up more overall space per aircraft than 2 man crews and mainly 550lb bombs for the Vals, but I can see how my sentence in the video made it sound like I was talking about just hangar floor space.
    1
  6062. USS Oregon
    1
  6063.  @magnificus8581  they are, some should still be available on Etsy (link is description)
    1
  6064. I tried to use English where it applies geographically but may have crossed things over a bit as Nelson keeps referring to England and Englishmen in his letters. :)
    1
  6065. Fixed now
    1
  6066.  @istvansipos9940  it's a bit all over the place at the time as to how he's described.
    1
  6067. This was the son from that earlier relationship :)
    1
  6068. It's still to come 😊
    1
  6069. The 'Trafalgar Roll' is available online I believe, listing most, if not all, the men who were there. If you get a match on that, the next step would probably be taking the name, rank and ship from there and looking in the national or Navy archives for further details. Email me if you need more detail :)
    1
  6070. Wow, how long was that in transit?
    1
  6071.  disc_oidal  Sorry I've only just seen this comment!
    1
  6072. A few others have mentioned this, my keyboard doesn't have the B&S combo function, so I had to make the best of regular English letters
    1
  6073. Probably a lot, if other ways of saying names arise, I'll do a follow up with them. :)
    1
  6074.  @seymurhuseynzade3286  that's great, no rush, these things have a long lead-in time :)
    1
  6075. Basically alternate but also acceptable ways.
    1
  6076. That would be great.
    1
  6077. Cruisers will hopefully be done later
    1
  6078. Sure, why not?
    1
  6079. Soon (TM)
    1
  6080. Yes
    1
  6081. That's because it's a cruiser :)
    1
  6082. That's what the Wednesday long form videos are for :)
    1
  6083. She has her own video :)
    1
  6084. Googled, glad I had safesearch on given what popped up anyway...
    1
  6085. It's true it's a much more complex topic that you can cover in a few minutes, hence just an overview of some of the larger themes. Nazi influence on the various armed services of Germany is something more of a PhD topic I think to explore even close to fully. Albeit I would not that even if someone went through HJ training in 1933/34 and then went into the KM as a junior officer, by WW2 they'd still be relatively junior, so the Captains etc would be very much pre-Third Reich, of course that doesn't stop them adopting Nazi thinking themselves, but it does mean the average ships Captain is likely to be Navy first, Nazi second, as compared to similar ranks in the Army or Air Force, which are attained comparatively faster :)
    1
  6086.  @caminojohn3240  I will happily give most naval memorabilia a good home :)
    1
  6087. There was plenty of gin around in the UK at the time, to the point it was a major problem due to so many people being 24/7 drunk on it. :)
    1
  6088. With E-Boats vs MTB's/MGB's, it really depends on the class in question on both sides. E-Boats were generally faster, but in many cases would lose a straight up gun-fight, all other things being equal.
    1
  6089. Could do, I like to at least try the actual ship names if I can.
    1
  6090. Not so, the bore/shell size is the calibre, the length of the barrel is expressed in multiples of this.
    1
  6091. You'd have to know exactly which ship and what it's ram profile was.
    1
  6092. It's the Verbose Text to Speech programme with a seperate "Daniel" voice pack :)
    1
  6093.  @stevepi1  Most of the references I've seen refer to the two separately :)
    1
  6094.  @scottdrone-silvers5179  any recommendations for a podcast hosting service?
    1
  6095. You mean just the audio?
    1
  6096.  @samstewart4807  it might take that long to produce, there's another video to go with it, so which gets released first is still up in the air :)
    1
  6097. It's still in production :)
    1
  6098. ewrr tzui will do
    1
  6099. Advance Gamer yep
    1
  6100.  @mrdoge9508 back when I hit 500 subs, have to line something up for the next milestone :)
    1
  6101. The competition?
    1
  6102. Not yet :)
    1
  6103. True. But not as ashipbaord AA gun :)
    1
  6104. I'll be doing round 2 either later in the year or the one after :)
    1
  6105. HMAS Sydney has been done, there are a few others in the pipeline :)
    1
  6106. Springsharp :)
    1
  6107. There are timestamps for all questions in each drydock video description :)
    1
  6108.  @cooiejr  just the armoured cruiser one
    1
  6109. Yeah, that!
    1
  6110. Depends who you are, I wouldn't be very welcome for instance.
    1
  6111. The real one I believe whilst the ship is under refit
    1
  6112. You are correct re:Dunkerque, my notes say 'Dunkerque class', not the ship itself. My fault for recording tired :(
    1
  6113.  @sarchlalaith8836  basically aircraft got fast enough to go from spotted to attacking before additional fighters could be launched and get to altitude. That left the problem of "When our carriers are spotted, they'll be attacked and we can't stop it." for all navies. Each one had a different solution.
    1
  6114.  @stuartknowles6140  HMS Thames, HMS St Day and HMS St Omer were sent to help tow the ship, St Omer didn't find it and had to go back home, the other two did find it, Thames getting there first, St Day had a fair bit of trouble getting a tow attached, but I can't find any specific record of it breaking down and the recorded speed of advance was only about 2 knots. So overall, I find it relatively unlikely this contributed in any meaningful way to the sinking.
    1
  6115. They are somewhere down the list :)
    1
  6116.  @theacme3  technically true, but Uruguay was neutral with an Allied bias and was leveraging the rules in their favour. Argentina was neutral with Axis bias and likely would have played the rules in the Germans favour, giving them more of a chance (maybe even flat out supplying properly processed fuel, bypassing the damaged plant)
    1
  6117. There was a chance of Graf Spee breaking through a cruiser line to Argentina with the fuel left. There wasn't a chance of breaking past a carrier and a battlecruiser.
    1
  6118. It was an attempt at an iterative improvement over the Swordfish that ended up being worse by adding weight and drag without substantially increasing the available power.
    1
  6119. Unfortunately it appears they did not.
    1
  6120. We'll be there Feb 11th :)
    1
  6121.  @이정환-x7p  True, but the discussion was largely focussed on the part of his career for which he was an Admiral. So it made sense to use that rank, similarly to in my video on Admiral Lee, I refer to him by the rank he held at the time of what I talk about at the time, I don't ascribe what he did as a cadet to 'Admiral Lee'.
    1
  6122. He was Admiral during most of his WW2 service
    1
  6123.  @Paveway-chan  it depends what the baseline measure is. Inflation, net value, comparative value and wage value comparison all yield different figures for what money is worth now vs then. I tend to use built values as ships are construction projects as opposed to bank balances :)
    1
  6124. It depends what inflation value you use, but a $100mil Iowa in 1940 was worth between 2 and 10x the cost of a Burke in 2023 dollars. If you take into account the cost of a Bainbridge class destroyer when it was built, financially it's worth about 1/12th of a Burke, but it's also only about 1/20th of the displacement. So ironically enough, proportionally speaking, a Bainbridge cost more than a Burke these days per ton. So the Decatur (the ship Nimitz ran aground) was still worth a fair bit :)
    1
  6125. Well, it was turning into the 20th century :D
    1
  6126. It varied from ship to ship and class to class, but a 24lb upper deck armament was found on many 74's
    1
  6127.  @tierfuehrer2  Still there :)
    1
  6128. Yeah, should've been 1811
    1
  6129. Hood was 'grandfathered' in as it was agreed not to retroactively apply the limits to older ships
    1
  6130. Nelsons main belt was 14" sloped at 18 degrees, Iowa's was 12.1" sloped at 19 degrees, Nelson's deck was 6.25", Iowa's was 6", so at their respective maximum armour thicknesses Nelson was better protected. In the final battle with Bismarck, Rodney's guns punched through 16" equivilant armour at a range where on paper she shouldn't have been able to. Based on that, Iowa's belt would be vulnerable to c.17-18k yards, which would be within reasonable battle range. Due to the massive power of the Iowa's guns, Nelson is vulnerable further out unless she angles herself (taking advantage of the all-forward battery), but as above, she isn't incapable of hurting Iowa.
    1
  6131. The flip side is that if the German fuse had worked as designed, the shell would've exploded in the water well away from the hull, it only got where it did because it was a dud. IJN shells were specifically redesigned with different nosed and fuse timings to allow them to dive and travel underwater. Those would've been the real danger. :)
    1
  6132. I will add it to the list :)
    1
  6133.  @ModemMT  here you go :) https://youtu.be/xDOTezQddY0
    1
  6134. Half English, Half-Bolivian, result 'vaguely ethnic looking' :D
    1
  6135.  @whya2ndaccount  would've been if built
    1
  6136. Yeah, but that's why there are books on the subject, even an hours video would make maybe a small to medium chapter of text.
    1
  6137. It depends on the size of ship and type of sinking. There are direct observations of ships ducking men down without air escaping, Bismarck was one example, a number of carriers that went down were also seen doing this when large sections of hanger hit the water level. The physics is there, but requires a large mass and relatively rapid sinking. A smaller ship or one that goes down slowly is more likely lethal due to aeration.
    1
  6138. The crew of the Titan sub would likely disagree with you if they weren't reduced to shopping bag size remains by the crushing depths of the ocean...
    1
  6139. The problem with the Mythbuster experiment is scale, an inch of fast moving water you can walk through, a foot will sweep you away. A yard and you'll probably be dead in less than a minute. Likewise sinking a ship that displaces a few tons will result in a distributed flow of a few tons. Spread out over the ships area and the effect is nothing. But thanks to the square-cube law a ship that displace a lot more has a proportionally smaller surface area and so not only is the movement of water greater, it's more concentrated. Whilst aeration can also have similar effects, a single large blast of air can push water and thus objects to the surface. This is borne out by both survivors also observation (eg a destroyed U-boat would see debris surface with an air bubble sooner than similar debris released at the same time but floating up need it's own buoyancy.
    1
  6140. Usually it's to do partially with your own heat generation, actively diving means you're burning energy which will be helping you stay warm, plus if the water is warmer to start with then deeper down the temperature differential will be less so you'll also lose heat slower.
    1
  6141.  @thedamnyankee1  they really didn't, physics when it come sit this kind of stuff doesn't scale linearly. A small boat like they used displaces very little, the amount of water and the distance it needs to travel from the general ocean to the person is very little, so the effect is minimal to nothing, but if you increase the linear dimensions by a factor of 2 (doubled) surface area goes up by a square and volume goes up on a cubed ratio. This is key as a ship twice the size means eight times the water coming in to cover four times the area, resulting in significantly more water moving significantly faster than you'd expect from just doubling the ships length. If you send 30-40k tons of ship at 500 ft+ length down quickly, that's 30-40k tons of water moving quite fast to replace it at the surface. That has a dramatically different effect to the mythbusters trial, where to local effect on the individual was probably no more than a small amount of kilos.
    1
  6142. As I mentioned in the video, the ship they used was wholly too small.
    1
  6143.  @ronnierabell1  some people like longer videos, some like shorter, I provide both so if someone doesn't like one type they have the other. :)
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  6144.  @ronnierabell1  there's the five minute guides for shorter attention spans :)
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  6145.  @pattonkesselring4247  drop me an email or a message on discord :)
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  6146. English or French :)
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  6147. Can do :)
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  6148. More will be put up over the weekend.
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  6149. Getting into a wiki-edit war is a good way to lose the will to live.
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  6150. Suffren, Montcalm and De Grasse(?)
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  6151. I'm pretty sure it's north, the coast was roughly in the direction of the railway line if I recall. :)
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  6152.  @commanderwilliam3693  I'll give you a head start with this one: https://youtu.be/MtKdXLpSdAM :)
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  6153. Well, this post contains anything but true history....
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  6154. On its way
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  6155. Alaska is due towards the end on January, Kaga is... further down the list. Akagi doesn't appear to have been requested yet.
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  6156.  @Mad_Scientist_IRL  not yet
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  6157.  @SeekerLancer  depends on how badly the US force loses. If it loses in the way everyone thought they were about to halfway through, probably doesn't change a huge amount. If it's a complete reversal of fortune, then things could be a lot different.
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  6158.  @johnshepherd8687  partially the natiren of the livestream I think, it's a sliding scale between entertainment onscreen and focus on questions.
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  6159.  @Wolfeson28  assuming the Shinano was to be used in a support role, I'm drawing inferences mainly from HMS Unicorn, which was built as a support carrier and had a small cadre of ferry pilots and mechanics, but as they were only working with small groups of aircraft at a time, they were a smaller group than on an operational fleet carrier where work on many planes at once was needed. Most especially on a support carrier you don't need armourers, major ammunition storage, etc.
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  6160. Cosmetically
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  6161.  @jarredbaker3410  yep, xheck the website for dates, times and locations!
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  6162. What wrong with it? :)
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  6163. I guess it depends if you associate Impero with Rome or Mussolini first:)
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  6164. I believe that's the USS Relief AH-1 :)
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  6165. The footage is actually of the operations being discussed :)
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  6166.  @firewarrior776  are they open again?
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  6167.  @HendrikTheThird  they are on my list of things to cover :)
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  6168. It's part of AA defence but not associated with the guns themselves. The VT fuse makes any AA gun better.
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  6169. Not yet
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  6170.  Rabid Razorback  Military Aviation History would be my recommendation, channel link on my channel page. :)
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  6171. Indeed :)
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  6172.  @Michael.Talbot  good thing you aren't a naval architect then 😀
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  6173.  @larrytrail2865  more screws means more redundancy and a shallow draft as well as less effect of hull form. Also more efficient for high speed.
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  6174. Depends, it could be badly hit and forced to withdraw like Lutzow.
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  6175. It's my old microphone, the newer videos should be better.
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  6176. By the time I got there she was closed on safety grounds :(
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  6177. Built later yes, but her overall design trended towards older patterns. :)
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  6178.  @VersusARCH  they're referenced and to a small extent detailed in "Anatomy of the Titanic" by Tom McCluskie.
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  6179.  @VersusARCH  I've seen arguments both ways, her designers thought she'd live, and half a decade earlier a German liner did exactly this and survived. Her builders also ran simulations much closer to our time and concluded she'd live. So I wouldn't say it's definitive one way or the other. She may also still have sunk, just more slowly.
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  6180. I was assuming they have gone full reverse on the engines and tried to aim for something that wasn't the centre of mass :D
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  6181.  @na3044  in the future
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  6182.  @mattmopar440  someone claiming to be a book author objects to my using survivors accounts.
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  6183. Individual notable Fletcher's will get their own videos in time :)
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  6184. It's not the responders who were at fault, the main fault lies with the radio station operators who didn't record or relay the distress call despite having received it.
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  6185. The YouTube version with picture's will still be made, I'll just be releasing an audio-only version at the same time.
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  6186. Yep
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  6187. They are, but I covered them more in my rangefinding and gunnery video whereas this one was more specifically looking at why, after presumably having compensated for all that to make a hit, you might then miss a minute later.
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  6188. That particular distribution was based on several pictures of British light cruisers being engaged by (I believe) Vittorio Veneto, in those you can see the ships (which have a known length) and the simultaneous water spouts of the 15" shells, I used scaling and trigonometry to determine the spread based on those pictures and applied it to the graphic. If you want to send me an email or Discord DM I can send you copies of the photos in question :)
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  6189. You know there is a built in chapter marker?
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  6190.  @whatilearnttoday5295  not in absolute terms. I know some channels take any and all sponsors, I only accept ones whose services I actually use and can verify are worth the money.
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  6191. Dante Alighieri, Italy's first dreadnought :)
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