Comments by "Stella Maris" (@SuperGreatSphinx) on "The Wall Street Journal"
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The Communist Party of China (CPC), also referred to as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China.
The Communist Party is the sole governing party within mainland China, permitting only eight other, subordinated parties to co-exist, those making up the United Front.
It was founded in 1921, chiefly by Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao.
The party grew quickly, and by 1949 it had driven the nationalist Kuomintang (KMT) government from mainland China after the Chinese Civil War, leading to the establishment of the People's Republic of China.
It also controls the world's largest armed forces, the People's Liberation Army.
The CPC is officially organised on the basis of democratic centralism, a principle conceived by Russian Marxist theoretician Vladimir Lenin which entails democratic and open discussion on policy on the condition of unity in upholding the agreed upon policies.
The highest body of the CPC is the National Congress, convened every fifth year.
When the National Congress is not in session, the Central Committee is the highest body, but since the body meets normally only once a year most duties and responsibilities are vested in the Politburo and its Standing Committee.
The party's leader holds the offices of General Secretary (responsible for civilian party duties), Chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC) (responsible for military affairs) and State President (a largely ceremonial position).
Through these posts, the party leader is the country's paramount leader.
The current paramount leader is Xi Jinping, elected at the 18th National Congress held in October 2012.
The CPC is committed to communism and continues to participate in the International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties each year.
According to the party constitution, the CPC adheres to Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, socialism with Chinese characteristics, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Three Represents, the Scientific Outlook on Development and Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese characteristics for a New Era.
The official explanation for China's economic reforms is that the country is in the primary stage of socialism, a developmental stage similar to the capitalist mode of production.
The command economy established under Mao Zedong was replaced by the socialist market economy, the current economic system, on the basis that "Practice is the Sole Criterion for the Truth".
Since the collapse of Eastern European communist governments in 1989–1990 and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the CPC has emphasised its party-to-party relations with the ruling parties of the remaining socialist states.
While the CPC still maintains party-to-party relations with non-ruling communist parties around the world, since the 1980s it has established relations with several non-communist parties, most notably with ruling parties of one-party states (whatever their ideology), dominant parties in democracies (whatever their ideology) and social democratic parties.
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Higher education in the United States is an optional final stage of formal learning following secondary education.
Higher education (also referred to as post-secondary education, third stage, third level, or tertiary education) occurs most commonly at one of the 4,360 Title IV degree-granting institutions (either colleges or universities) in the country.
These may be public universities, private universities, liberal arts colleges, community colleges, or for-profit colleges.
Higher education in the United States is loosely regulated by a number of third-party organizations that vary in quality.
High visibility issues include rising tuition and increasing student loan debt, unfair admissions, greater use of online education, competency-based education, free speech and hate speech, fraternity hazing, campus sexual assault, cutbacks in state and local spending, the adjunctification of academic labor, and student poverty and hunger.
According to the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) and National Student Clearinghouse, US college enrollment has declined since a peak in 2010-11 and is projected to continue declining (or be stagnant) for the next two decades.
This decline, partially attributable to falling birth rates and fewer foreign students, amounts to 2.9 million fewer students than in 2010–11.
Strong research and funding helped American universities dominate global rankings in the early 21st century, making them attractive to international students, professors and researchers.
Other countries, however, are now offering incentives to take away researchers, as funding is threatened.
As a result, the US dominance of international tables has lessened.
The United States higher education system has also been blighted by fly-by-night schools, diploma mills, visa mills, and predatory for-profit colleges.
According to Pew Research Center and Gallup poll surveys conducted in 2017, public opinion about US colleges has been declining, especially, but not exclusively, to Republicans and the white working class.
The higher education industry has been criticized for being unnecessarily expensive, providing a difficult-to-measure service which is seen as vital but in which providers are paid for inputs instead of outputs, and which is beset with federal regulations which drive up costs, and with payments not coming from users but from third parties.
In 2018, a Pew survey found that 61 percent of those polled said that US higher education was headed in the wrong direction.
For generations, US education was unique in its emphasis on Liberal Arts education in its higher education curriculum, but this emphasis has been waning for more than five decades, and there is growing skepticism about its utility.
The US is unique in its investment in highly competitive NCAA sports, particularly in American football and basketball, with large sports stadiums and arenas.
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