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Thanks for watching! Please let me know your thoughts below and if you would like to vote on which video topics I make videos on, please check out my Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/historydecoded
Sources:
Vai, S., Brunelli, A., Modi, A. et al. A genetic perspective on Longobard-Era migrations. Eur J Hum Genet 27, 647–656 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-018-0319-8
Amorim, C.E.G., Vai, S., Posth, C. et al. Understanding 6th-century barbarian social organization and migration through paleogenomics. Nat Commun 9, 3547 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06024-4
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Gretzinger, J., Sayer, D., Justeau, P. et al. The Anglo-Saxon migration and the formation of the early English gene pool. Nature 610, 112–119 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05247-2
Genetic origins of the Goths
Stolarek, I., Zenczak, M., Handschuh, L. et al. Genetic history of East-Central Europe in the first millennium CE. Genome Biol 24, 173 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-023-03013-9
Stolarek, I., Handschuh, L., Juras, A. et al. Goth migration induced changes in the matrilineal genetic structure of the central-east European population. Sci Rep 9, 6737 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43183-w
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Krishna R. Veeramah, Andreas Rott, Melanie Groß, and Joachim Burger (2018) - Population genomic analysis of elongated skulls reveals extensive female-biased immigration in Early Medieval Bavaria | PNAS
SI Appendix - Population genomic analysis of elongated skulls reveals extensive female-biased immigration in Early Medieval Bavaria pnas.1719880115.sapp.pdf p.53
Anglo-Saxons - https://www.saxon.surrey.sch.uk/attachments/download.asp?file=1412&type=pdf
Gretzinger, J., Sayer, D., Justeau, P. et al. The Anglo-Saxon migration and the formation of the early English gene pool. Nature 610, 112–119 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05247-2
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http://www.oum.ox.ac.uk/settlers/
Genetic journeys and cultural connections
Between the end of the last Ice Age, around 11,600 years ago, and the Norman invasion in 1066, settlers arrived in Britain from various locations in Europe. The objects they left behind show that they brought with them cultural changes such as agriculture, metalworking and new languages. The genetic data from the People of the British Isles study, combined with the archaeological evidence, gives a more complete story of how society changed.
In some cases there is a clear genetic signature associated with cultural change. For example, the genetic data suggests a large movement of people from Northern France into England and Scotland between 6,000 and 3,000 years ago, at about the same time that agriculture began to be widespread. In contrast, the Norman invaders, who greatly changed the language and government of Britain, have left little genetic legacy.
Agriculture, trade and technology
Throughout the Neolithic (New Stone Age) and Bronze Ages, from around 6,000 to 3,000 years ago, people continued to pass back and forth across the English Channel, importing their distinctive styles of pottery and metalwork.
The genetic study revealed a pattern of DNA dated to around this time that is shared by people now living in northern France and those in England, Northern Ireland and Scotland, but none of those in Wales. It looks as though substantial numbers of people took the opportunity to cross the narrow Channel, and spread through most of the country.
These people may have included the first farmers at the start of the Neolithic Age. Or they may have been some of the ‘Beaker people’, who introduced characteristic decorated pottery, developed copper working and traded metal with other parts of Europe.
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