Comments by "Vary Olla" (@varyolla435) on "Biographics" channel.

  1. Be glad it is gone. I have my scar as well as I also was vaccinated as a child as Smallpox still existed back then and was even then still killing several million people a year worldwide. To give you some perspective. Smallpox was so bad that even the US and USSR at the height of the Cold War = worked together to eradicate it.
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  2. True. I would however point out that mankind has had access to vaccines for more than a century now = and still some have not learned the lesson of their value. For myself the eradication of Smallpox was man's greatest achievement - not because of vaccines per se = but because of what the effort represented. The Smallpox eradication effort was a multi-national endeavor which included support from private corporations who donated resources to the program. Further it took place at the height of the "Cold War" whereby the US and USSR actually worked together towards a common goal against a scourge which had plagued mankind for millennia. Both nations despite representing geopolitical enemies provided resources and personnel to make it happen. So it shows what humanity can accomplish when = we work together.........
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  3. Pyramids were a creation of the Old Kingdom with some later being built during the Middle Kingdom. The Old Kingdom being the first never anticipated the eventual collapse of those dynasties - thus they built above ground tombs which later became magnets for robbers. The later Middle Kingdom seeing the "lost glory" of the Old Kingdom Pharaohs tried to duplicate that. The Valley of the Kings however came during the later New Kingdom. Following the collapse of the Middle Kingdom northern Egypt was conquered by outsiders for a century = the Hyksos. Finally the Egyptians drove the Hyksos out leading to the New Kingdom. So New Kingdom Pharaohs seeing Old and Middle Kingdom tombs long looted + how their capital at Memphis in the north was captured by the Hyksos = moved the capital to Thebes further south and adopted hidden underground tombs as a measure of protection. The New Kingdom period lasted around 500 years and contained a lot of Pharaohs.
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  4. Not terribly bright I see........ Let me guess = you get your supposed "news" from that Never-Never Land known as "conservative news" - an oxymoron coincidentally.... 🤦 Flip on Faux News = 2nd star to the right - and straight on til morning........ 🙄
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  5. Not ironic = science. Both viruses belong to the Viridae family of viruses. Thus they likely originated from a common ancestor virus - hence their antigenic similarity. The Smallpox vaccine actually contains Vaccinia - aka Cowpox - which also belongs to that group of viruses. Monkeypox has been around for millennia. International travel and high risk behaviors is why it broke out of Africa.
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  6. Yes - their irony is stunning. If the anti-vaxxer hysterics would simply vaccinate rather than endlessly bytch then a number of infectious diseases we vaccinate against could be gone within a number of years = and thus we would no longer need to vaccinate against them as with Smallpox. Some folks can not think themselves out of a paper bag it seems. 🤷
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  7. Thank you for an example of "willful imbecility" - as well as poor grammar...... 🤨
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  8. As always conspiracy theory is the swansong of the failed intellect - must as superficial "analysis" invariably leads to superficial conclusions. Such is what becomes of 🦜 So your Cutter incident was a looooooong time ago. Further it involved only one company. So the company in question was held to account - it was heavily fined and forced to pay restitution - while changes were made to regulatory oversight to insure it never happened again = and it hasn't. This is not the 1950's and hence ancient stories from a time when the regulatory system in place today did not exist makes for irrelevant argument. 🤔 p.s. - the vaccine was a success = it was the manufacturing process which broke down at that one company.
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  9. Naturally you failed to provide the information you accuse others of supposedly being in error about......... = so who's the real fraud here then. 🤣
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  10. Might want to turn up the wattage on the old bulb. Just a suggestion. Also the Covid vaccines were not developed "from scratch". Researchers have been studying the family of Coronaviruses since the 1960's. CRISPR technology was developed back in the mid-1980's. The mRNA tech began to be developed by the 2 researchers who made it viable back in the 1990's. The Lipid Nanoparticles used to deliver the mRNA to the cells have been around for 20 years originally being developed for use with anti-cancer therapies. Moral of the story: in other words once the morphology of the virus was mapped out - which did not take long = the antigenic proteins were identified and plugged into existing technology to make viable vaccines. Automobile manufacturers can crank out new model cars sometimes every year. The mechanical engineers do not start from scratch each time. They rather design new models around = existing technology. Do try to think harder in the future and learn the facts here.
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  11. 🤭 It's amazing what some are willing to believe - especially the Q-Anon crowd. As an aside. The "Q" crowd is apparently not smart enough to recognize a lot of their nonsensical claims have their origin in = the entertainment genre. 🤷
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  12. "Wrong question - wrong questions give wrong answers" - Master Gregory "Efficacy" is based upon multiple things. The old Smallpox vaccine was an attenuated form of Cowpox. Attenuated vaccines as a rule elicit the strongest immunological response by the body. While that may be good as far as generating a strong antibody generation response - it is not always so good for the person. The stronger the immune response = the potentially harsher the side effects can be. So with vaccines you want antibody generation - meaning you want an inflammatory response by the body triggering the immune cells to being to react. At the same time however you want a vaccine which is tolerated by people so that the vaccine does not generate side effects commensurate with the infectious illness you want to prevent - or worse. Newer recombinant vaccines tend to be less "immunogenic" than the old attenuated ones - BUT - they are also better tolerated while still generating antibodies. So it is a trade-off. Final thought. Before Smallpox was eradicated it still existed and hence outbreaks would periodically crop up and people would over time be exposed - even if they were not subsequently infected. That community exposure is akin to "booster shots" as it can re-stimulate your immune cells to produce more antibodies. If however a person vaccinated no longer encounters the virus because vaccine-induced "herd immunity" is such that incidence levels are low or nonexistent where they live then any immunity from vaccination can begin to wane over time. So the Smallpox vaccine had an "effective rate" in the 90% range for most. Its immunity however was known to wane and thus immunity after ~5 years was assumed to become less. That however is still sufficient to break the chain of infection such that outbreaks would end. Also as noted above you must factor in re-exposure via those periodic outbreaks. A person vaccinated 10 years earlier might have less immunity than when they were first inoculated - but upon being exposed again and not getting infected their antibody levels would climb once again. So lots of variables I'm afraid. Immunology is never cut & dry. 🤔
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  13. If this is an example of your logic on display = I hope you do not operate heavy machinery....... 🤦
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  14. Less Fakebook "news" = more science....... - just saying.
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  15. So much hate - so much ignorance. Sad - but not unexpected. Simple things for simple minds after all. 🥱
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  16. Yes/No. Yes - if people would vaccinate we could eliminate a number of infectious diseases. No - in that not all could be eliminated as Smallpox was. Some viruses are "human specific" = meaning they evolved to only infect people. Smallpox was such a virus and when enough were vaccinated the virus being cut off from people to infect was eradicated. Many however are "zoonotic" = meaning they can infect other species besides man. These can not be eradicated as they live on in nature. So we must still vaccinate to keep their presence and thus impact lower than it might otherwise be. Vaccine opponents inhibit humanity on both fronts.
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  17. Perhaps you should stick with the video games and leave the science to the adults in the room........... - just saying. Simple things for simple minds after all. 🤨
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  18. 🤭 Too true. Ironically we have "the Cold War" to thank was well. While the US and USSR were the main supporters - other nations also kicked in as did some corporations via donating equipment. Thus it was "geopolitics" in that the US and USSR were trying to outcompete the other in supporting the eradication program. p.s. - even back there there was resistance in places to being vaccinated much as today. In India as an example where Smallpox had raged since antiquity there was a lot of resistance owing to people believing in their old wives tales therapies - which of course did not work. The government finally related to pass a law mandating vaccination for all and the rest is history. Smallpox got squeezed into fewer and fewer areas as the population related and vaccinated themselves until it was finally gone.
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  19. Covid is primarily spread via airborne inhalation. Ebola can only be spread via contact with infected fluids when the person is actively ill. So while Ebola is far more deadly to man = it is far less infectious than other diseases. The "net impact" of Covid or Influenza is vastly greater than other more "dangerous" infectious diseases given the ease by which they spread. A million cases of Measles - even if "only" 5K end up dying = is still a million cases. That million cases causes considerable disruption to society as well as an enormous economic burden.
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  20. No........ Chickenpox is not Smallpox - and doctors can distinguish between the 2. If Smallpox was still out there we would know it as it would spread like wildfire killing as it went given its high mortality rate compared to other viral diseases.
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  21. Except in this case we are speaking about zoonotic organisms. So Ebola does not "just happen". It is a result of consumption of poorly prepared wild animals/interaction with the same. So things like deforestation of previously wild areas + interaction with and consumption of wild animals under poor conditions + wet markets which put multiple species in close proximity to each other + and finally cultural practices of tribes in Africa = which sets the stage for viruses like Ebola to "jump" into human populations and spread from there. It is entirely preventable. 🤔
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  22. I could explain it scientifically to you = but I see no indication that you would understand. Clearly some things are "beyond you"........ 🥱
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  23. Ebola = is contact spread.......... Unless you have evidence to the contrary it appears you wasted your time working at your laboratory as clearly the academics here failed you...... 🤨 p.s. - Ebola is only infectious when you are actively symptomatic. By then however you are usually incapacitated making spread difficult as the infected lack the capacity to move about with ease. That is why it requires people to be in contact with infected fluids when the person is actively sick.
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  24. Paranoia is a personal problem and not a societal one. It also coincidentally is almost always a result of ignorance about a thing. Perhaps you should educate yourself more and cling to paranoia a bit less. Just a suggestion.
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  25.  @stevefromyellowstone7911  Imagine that = more subjective discourse. You seem to erroneously believe there are "sides" here - there isn't. There is "evidence" - and there is "assumption". You represent the latter I'm afraid. Just because "you" believe a thing to be true or not means little frankly. Only credible evidence provides proof of concept and hence validity. Stop thinking in terms of "me" and instead follow the evidence. Anyways immunological reaction to vaccination only lasts ~a few weeks. After that your immune system has reacted and moved on. Ergo we know what to expect from the Covid vaccines while literally billions worldwide have received them. Those are "facts" - read evidence - and not "what if......." assumption. Follow the facts.
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  26. @Kc Armstrong 🤣 Still not saying anything. Just lots of banal ad hominem. Look at my post. If I did not understand the subject I would be unable to write a cogent statement relating to it. Thus far nothing you have posted reflects any understanding here - nada. Enjoy your day.
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  27. Before Smallpox as an example was eradicated it used to account for worldwide around 15-20,000,000 cases annually of which on average 3-4,000,000 subsequently died. Before the MMR it was not unusual to see epidemics occur in communities and schools closed etc.. So yes people have forgotten for the older ones while the younger ones grew up in a world where these once commonplace things have now become rare = thanks to mass vaccination. Having no "living memory" of the bad old days the mostly younger vaccine opponents are rationalizing upon abstract concepts with no real ties to the past.
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  28. Ebola does not make the person infectious until = they are actively symptomatic - and which point they quickly become incapacitated. So no - Ebola is not easily spread like airborne viral pathogens like Covid which makes you infectious before you have any symptoms so as to know you were infected. Ebola requires physical contact with infected fluids. As such a person can avoid infection simply by not handling sick people or things they have been in contact with.
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  29. "Imagine" is correct........ Come visit us again when you actually learn the science.
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  30. Being a spud muncher had nothing to do with it. She was offered a solution = which she rejected. She spent her remaining days in a quarantine facility as a protection against her infecting others. So if being a bogtrotter was held against her = she would have simply been shipped to back to Ireland to let them deal with her......... 🤨
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  31. Monkeypox is not new. It has been around for a long time and there have been cases in Africa forever. What "changed" if you will is mass transportation which allowed it to break out of Africa to spread to other continents. Though the media largely downplayed the reason it was apparent nonetheless = sexual promiscuity in the Gay community which routinely engages in high-risk multi-partner encounters. Monkeypox like other Orthopoxviruses as you alluded to generates prodromal infectibility. That is what made Smallpox so infectious - along with airborne virion particle transmission as opposed to Monkeypox which is primarily contact spread. So infected are viral shedding before any rash appear to know they've been infected + and their engagement with others - many others in some cases - led to its eventual spread. Mitigation measures were complicated as that subset population often had underlying immunological issues which the ACAM2000 attenuated vaccine unusable. The newer recombinant vaccine is a single-source one - and being in high demand that led to shortages for a time = thus hampering vaccination efforts. Mutation as always is a risk - though the case levels were not excessively high such that the risk remained low. Covid infected millions before new variants arose. The quicker a viral pathogen is tamped down the better. Enjoy your day.
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  32.  @copperkalanchoe9672  it's spread typifies the risks associated with air travel today - which we have been aware of for some time now. What it really highlights is how "political correctness" is impinging upon public health. Authorities downplayed the Gay sexual practices spread until the epidemic was well established when they should have stated that first thing. If Monkeypox was as infectious as its "cousin" Smallpox was - meaning airborne transmission rather than contact = it would still be spreading today. We were lucky. 🤔 p.s. - you are seeing the same thing by the way with Polio. Its recent reemergence in certain areas of Europe and the US is directly due to refusal to vaccinate on the part of certain communities for religious reasons = Hassidim. That is not to criticize them per se. Merely to show that when entire communities refuse to vaccinate for whatever reason it allows these infectious pathogens to get a foothold once introduced - much as Gay "club life" did for Monkeypox. Science is science and should be viewed as such. We should not tiptoe around certain subjects worrying about offending people.
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  33. No = it has not........ If Smallpox was out there it would spread like a forest fire killing people in its' wake.
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  34. Considering vitamins will do absolutely nothing for you vis a vis a defense against Ebola = what matter....... Take a whole bottle of whatever floats your boat - it won't matter. 🤨
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  35. No. There are only 2 repositories of the virus in the world today with one being the CDC and the other in Russia. So the Smallpox virus is not being used as a purported cure for HIV. Rather just as you saw with the recent Monkeypox epidemic in the US and Europe = new Smallpox vaccines for use with immunocompromised populations is ongoing. The old Smallpox vaccine is actually attenuated Vaccinia - Cowpox. Immunocompromised people - such as HIV infected populations = are unable to receive attenuated vaccines. So years ago a new recombinant Smallpox vaccine was developed in Holland for use in this population which not being attenuated does not carry the risks when used with individuals whose immune system is somehow compromised. Because the Smallpox and Monkeypox viruses are similar morphologically - the same as the Cowpox virus in the vaccine = the vaccine works against all 3 via "cross reactivity". 🤔
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  36. It can't be that unique considering all the sub-variants of Influenza in circulation and the number of species that virus can infect. It is simply another run of the mill zoonotic viral pathogen which has been around for a long time now - allowing its infectibility capacity across many species. p.s. - "Spanish Flu" (H1N1) represents "the beginning" of tracking the Influenza virus because that was the one in the 1930's researchers first were able to really identify and associated it with the 1918 outbreak. Influenza certainly existed prior to this point and thus it is doubtful H1N1 was the original "Flu virus". It was simply the first one we isolated and subsequently classified.
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  37.  @gregjames9875  The Measles vaccine in the MMR is the "gold standard" for vaccines with an "efficacy rate" of ~97%. What does this mean?? It means that under normal circumstances 97% will develop some level of immunity with the other 3% = not. So even the "ideal" vaccine as we see is not "100% effective" - as no vaccine can be because we are all individuals and hence our bodies react based upon numerous idiopathic variables unique to the person. Since you referenced Covid - let's look at that. The original variant of SARS-CoV-2 had an R0 of ~2-3. It then however began to mutate since it being a novel pathogen had no natural or vaccine-derived reservoir of immunity to slow it down. Today the variants in circulation having mutated several times now having an R0 on par with Measles = ~12-18. So what does this mean?? It means the original variant upon which vaccines were based could replicate at a certain level = whereas the newer ones generate exponentially higher viral loads. More viruses generated requires = more and more accurate antibodies to inhibit said replication. That is why booster shots as those stimulate higher levels of antibody production. Moral of the story: so are the Covid vaccines "100%" = nope - but so what as no vaccine actually is. Are their efficacy rates >50% = yup - and that is all that matters. It means that most will not catch Covid and those who do require higher levels of exposure and tend to get less ill because they already have antibodies inside of them to reduce their viral loads. If you have 10 "at risk" people and you vaccinate them. Subsequently 4 go on to still catch the illness = 6 did not - thus what began as 10 at risk was reduced to 4 actual cases. So you reduced your potential morbidity rate. By the way. Because vaccinated who go on to catch Covid tend to have lower viral loads = they then will usually shed less viruses as a result - meaning they are less likely to infect others compared to unvaccinated infected who have the highest viral loads and thus shed the most viruses into their environment. Methinks you should assume less = and learn the science more.... p.s. - SARS-CoV-2 = zoonotic viral pathogen. Zoonotic viruses which can jump between species are the most mutagenic. The MeV Measles virus and Poliovirus = "human-specific" - meaning they evolved to only infect people. As such they do not mutate as readily making vaccines more effective over time. The MMR is attenuated making it highly "immunogenetic" compared to recombinant vaccines like the mRNA Covid ones. Yet higher immunogenicity also comes with potentially harsher side effects. So recombinant vaccines sometimes have less efficacy compared to the older attenuated ones = but they are better tolerated - so it is a tradeoff.
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  38.  @nolesy34  A lie is a lie is a lie = irrespective of how some try to rationalize it. Ergo vaccine opposition built upon lies and misinformation results in = unnecessary death - no more, no less. It was demonstrated long ago that vaccines reduce incidence of infectious diseases and that by extension reduces their net impact upon society across the socioeconomic spectrum. This means less illness and less death and lifelong adverse health outcomes associated with vaccine-preventable illnesses. You do not exist in "a vacuum" after all. We all share the public space and hence in matters of infectious diseases = the actions of one impact others. Once upon a time lepers were driven from their communities owing to their infectibility and forced to live apart until antibiotics eliminated that need. Ergo in matters of public health new rules apply. We may be "individuals" = but we have no supposed "right" to adversely impact another owing to our sometimes choices. We "want" to be a part of the group to enjoy the benefits that carries. Ergo to belong = comes responsibilities to others. Vaccine opponents tend to think only of themselves. 🤔
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  39. Not quite the same. Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by a single organism which had evolved to only infect humans. Thus when it was cut off from its "food source" via mass vaccination = it died out having no one left to readily infect. "Cancer" however is simply an appellation for what is a idiopathic disease process which has multiple etiologies. Thus cancers can arise for no other reason than the cellular mitosis which drives our bodies which inherently leads to the rise of replicative errors. It can have a genetic predisposition whereby flawed genes are passed onto offspring from the parents which again leads to replicative errors and subsequent cancers arising. It can arise from cellular damage from environmental factors such as the inhalation or ingestion of carcinogenic substances. Finally it can arise sometimes from damage caused by infectious organisms who infect the person to cause irreparable damage to their cells which down the road promotes the rise of cancers. Moral of the story: cancers as we see = have no single source. The reason for their development varies from person to person which makes treatment of them difficult since their cause is unique to the individual. So we get better at treating cancers. It will be a while - if ever - however before we can actually defeat cancers once and for all.
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  40.  @fueledbycoffee7391  You are missing the forest for the trees here I'm afraid. Follow the white rabbit: 1 - in infectious diseases an external pathogenic organism attacks the body. Yet ultimately = the IMMUNE SYSTEM remedies the situation to restore balance. 2 - in cancers however the immune system = FAILS in its job - for various reasons as noted. Moral of the story: cancer is a failure of the immune system itself. Your body regularly produces cancerous cells you know. Normally they are identified and destroyed to be replaced by healthy ones. When that system breaks down for some reason = cancers arise. So yes a virus can in some cases yield cancers down the road. Yet the virus per se did not cause the cancer as much as your immune system failed to defeat the virus and repair the resulting damage. That makes the virus "a trigger" with the real failure laying with the immune system = get it. Infectious illnesses routinely cause damage to your body but your immune system helps repair the damage. Cancers are your immune system broken. It would be great if we could defeat cancers. That however necessitates identify "why" the cells go bad so as to repair the damage or target the specific cells. Drugs can help with the process - but like with say antibiotics they do not actually cure as = help the immune system cure you. Give antibiotics to someone with a weakened immune system and they can still die as ultimately their immune system must carry the fight. The immune system is the key to everything. Have a nice day.
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  41. Eat some raw meat left out on the counter too long and get back to us. lol!
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  42. Pity then you failed to elucidate any evidence to support what you claimed.......... So once again a anti-vaccine troll had an opportunity to "strut their stuff" and show others their knowledge of the science here = and they flubbed it......... 🥱
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  43. China = Asia = largest landmass in the world = area of low technological development = area of high international commerce = point of spread for many zoonotic pathogens. 🤔
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  44.  @ronc7743  So as expected you parrot more inanity indicating no understanding = to then declare you have no interest in what others note. That of course was obvious from the onset. Still it always serves to illustrate for others that fact. Vaccine opposition is all = assumption/innuendo/anecdotal claims - but no real understanding. C'est La Vie
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  45. Blame the anti-vaccine hysterics. Had they not messed up the plumbing here then Measles say might be far less prevalent that it currently is. It was well on its way out until a resurgence happened owing to vaccine resistance from 2000 onward. Also Polio is almost gone as well. There are 3 strains of Poliovirus with 2 being eradicated and the third now only found in the rural areas of 2 countries = Afghanistan and Pakistan - where conflict and religious resistance inhibit vaccination programs. So we have the means to eliminate more infectious diseases = we simply lack the insight and will to do so. 🤨
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  46. No - you didn't. Chickenpox is not Smallpox. Smallpox was eradicated from the world almost 50 years ago.
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  47. 🤣 There's always one...... Does no one learn science anymore........
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  48.  @pj_ytmt-123  🤦‍♂ If you think I have the power to delete your comments = you are far more of a paranoiac then I originally assumed......
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  49. All airborne viral pathogens require the same basic measures of mitigation: social distancing/hand washing/masks. Unlike then however we today have the benefit of antiviral medications and vastly improved medical treatments - as well as a vaccine. Thus the former can help reduce your chances of being exposed so as to be infected to a degree. The latter are what help you once you are infected. In the end however the goal as always is to prevent exposure and subsequent infection. For that to happen the virus must be cut off from its host to reduce local morbidity. Vaccination is the most effective way to achieve this as you can via mass vaccination trigger an immunological response in large numbers of people very quickly. In the case of Influenza - and now Covid - there is a limit to such mitigation because these viral pathogens are = "zoonotic" - hence they exist in other species. We can not therefore eradicate them. All we can do is to wage an ongoing campaign to limit their spread and hence the adverse impact of their presence in communities. They are a part of the environment now. 🤔
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  50. Time to turn in your license - assuming you even have one - as clearly you are an example of "grade inflation". lol! I hear that McD's is hiring as individuals such as yourself should rightly be "weeded out" of the medical field. Better for hospitals to work short handed with qualified staff than to keep such as yourself employed.
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  51. If you are asking where Smallpox came from and how old it is = probably around 10K old and it came from cattle. When man began to domesticate cattle he exposed himself to viruses which infected the same until eventually the virus evolved to also infect man. This type of transmission is called = "zoonosis" - and it occurs even today. Moral: the fact that the vaccine for Smallpox was made with the Cowpox virus shows the similarity of the 2 viruses which were close enough in morphology so that antibodies formed against one also worked against the other - called "cross reactivity." This means what became the Smallpox virus which infected man clearly had its' origin the Cowpox virus given their similarity. Textbook zoonotic transmission.
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  52. Ignorance begets ignorance ad infinitum = and you just proved that quite nicely. lol!! So simple things for simple minds I guess. Moral of the story: as a consolation prize I would invite you to read the book by DA Henderson. He was the American epidemiologist who oversaw the Smallpox eradication efforts. His program is just a few years alone administered hundreds of millions of doses of Smallpox vaccine across the world. That fact alone makes your imbecilic claim about the vaccinated population ludacris. Smallpox WAS eradicated thanks to a concerted vaccination program which he oversaw and waaaaay more of the population was vaccinated back then - myself included. Better luck next time with your obvious willful ignorance here.
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  53. Yes "fresh air" is always a good thing. What causes an airborne viral pathogen to spread however is = proximity. So the reason being inside was bad is because that made exposure easier as you are in close proximity to others who might be infected themselves to spread it around to others. Upon becoming infected however being outside for "fresh air" will not alter your situation. Infected who are out and about obviously only end up infecting others.
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  54. It's nice that you claim to care about humanity. It is sad however that you do so via such feeble arguments. Perhaps you should rethink to first learn of what you speak before you open your mouth as it tends to save a lot of embarrassment. Moral of the story: yes Smallpox was deadly - just as Ebola is deadly. Yet like with Ebola Smallpox was not as infectious as other vaccine-preventable diseases = like Covid. Smallpox infected on average 15-20 million people a year worldwide. In just that past 2 years however Covid has infected more than a quarter billion people worldwide. So the prevalence of Covid is 8-10X that of Smallpox. Further Covid has severely taxed the medical systems of impacted countries. So what matters in epidemiology is not merely mortality rates - though people dying is always a concern. What really matters is = incidence - as that results in socioeconomic impact across the spectrum. Even if infected do not die they still are infected = thus they will require differing levels of treatment = families will be impacted = communities will also be impacted and have to expend resources dealing with those outbreaks = people miss work which causes economic loss...........and on and it it spirals out like a cracked windshield in winter. Think harder - and more importantly first learn of what you try to think to. You assume much and obviously understand little of what you assume.
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  55. 🤣
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  56. I'd wager he encounters a lot more people every day than you do - thus his exposure is much greater. See how he recovered quickly. If unvaccinated he would have likely been sick much longer. Finally multiple vaccines available is good as they come with differing logistics. The mRNA ones are not feasible for use in underdeveloped areas as they must be stored under strict conditions and quickly used while others can be kept in a simple refrigerator and be good for weeks - making them more practical for use in these rural conditions.
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  57. "Naturally occuring" Polio has been eradicated from everywhere save for in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Ongoing conflict + mountainous terrain with poor villages using common water sources + and a reluctance to vaccinate have prevented its eradication entirely. One still see an occasional case of cVDPV caused by use of the old oral attenuated Polio vaccine in Third world nations - but they are exceedingly rare and usually self-limiting. So long as everyone in the community is vaccinated it does not go beyond these rare cases and that ends it. What we see in the US etc. are cases of cVDPV which started with OPV use in a Third World country where the infected traveled to North America to communities which refuse to vaccination for religious reasons. Poliovirus can survive in an environment for up to 2 months. So they contaminate the community and unvaccinated there catch it. It was entirely preventable. 🙄
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  58.  @michelleknowles700  Welcome. The key is to remember what I noted. Poliovirus is shed when infected use the bathroom. If they do not wash their hands - as frankly many do not = they can contaminate other surfaces via contact - called fomites. So the infected contaminate water sources - Polio used to spike in the summer every year before it was eliminated because people swimming in pools etc. which others contaminated - as well as sewage in poor nations where you might see open sewage which some come into contact. There given how long the virus can last it spread among unvaccinated. So while cVDPV is a risk with OPV use it is exceedingly rare. Typically you might see say 1 or 2 hundred cases worldwide out of billions of doses administered. That they go on to infect others is even more rare. cVDPV can only happen with OPV use and only poses a risk if it occurs in individuals surrounded by unvaccinated - such as religious areas where you see community refusal to vaccinate such as we see here. If a case crops up among a mostly vaccinated community it typically ends with the person in question. Enjoy your day.
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  59. Your apparently paranoia honestly holds no weight with the rest of the world. What is actually shows is your obvious ignorance of the science here compels you to try to rationalize your beliefs via the propagation of = "conspiracy innuendo". As always simple things for simple minds.
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  60. The usual place = the environment.......
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  61. It is not our immune systems which save us as to be a "pathogen" already means the organism is able to bypass our natural defenses to cause us illness. It is the nature of the pathogen itself which usually limits it. An organism with a "100% mortality" rate would in all likelihood kill off its victims before it could continue its chain of infection. If you look at the various organisms you will see whereby the ones which are the deadliest - such as hemorrhagic fevers like Ebola = are not terribly infectious. To catch Ebola you must come into contact with infected fluids from a person who is actively ill - at which point they are quickly incapacitated limiting their ability to infect others. Other infectious diseases like say the Flu while having lower mortality rates = are highly infectious making the person infectious to others before they even know they are sick. So while less people might die from the Flu far more become ill so that its "net impact" is a greater burden to society. A million cases of Measles - even if "only" say 5K end up dying = is still a million cases.
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  62. 🤦‍♂ If this is an example of your "logic" on display = try not to trip over your shadow on a ☀day...... Perhaps a cranial helmet is warranted.
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  63. The WHO is still effective. You must bear in mind however that it only issues guidance. It can not compel nations to do what it recommends. So the WHO has not changed = the political makeup of certain nations have. If they lack the wherewithal to follow WHO guidance or their own local public health entities = that is their problem. As Forest Gump famously quipped: "Momma says stupid is as stupid does"
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  64.  @chas2can124  Not seeing any evidence I'm afraid. Merely trite commentary as well as the conspiracy-addled mindset I already alluded to previously. Perhaps one day you'll come to realize that just because "you" want to believe a thing = does not always make it true. Only credible evidence gives you proof of concept and you DO NOT get to decide what is credible in all things. On a side note. Your attack on Tom Hanks here via a comical allusion lends one to assume you are a Q-Anon moppet as those cultist imbeciles believe such as you infer here. So are you then awaiting the return of "Q" perchance???? LMAO!!!
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  65. lol! Of course not. Smallpox was caused by a completely unrelated virus as opposed to SARS-CoV-2. It appears that perhaps once upon a time the virus which caused Smallpox was originally zoonotic as Covid is given how the Cowpox virus was morphologically similar to the Smallpox virus. Yet after time the Smallpox virus mutated to be "human specific" whereby it could only infect people which is what allowed us to eradicate it as it lost reservoirs in nature to sustain it. So the Smallpox and Cowpox viruses likely had "a common ancestor" - or else Smallpox evolved from Cowpox given man has interacted with cattle for millennia. Most infectious pathogens today are zoonotic as would be expected. With each passing year man increasingly deforests more and more of the land resulting in humans coming into proximity with wild animals. Also in many parts of the world wet markets persist which massively facilitate zoonotic transmission of pathogenic organisms as well as promote the rise of new ones. So one can not say we "created" Covid per se. We can say however the nature of how we act gives rise to zoonotic organisms like Covid increasingly coming into contact with humans = whereby they spread out from there.
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  66. Bushmeat is only part of the problem. As an aside. People around the world eat = whatever meat is available to them. So one sometimes sees infectious "spillover events" in commercial meat processing as one does in "bushmeat" as the problem is not the consumption of meat = but its preparation. Handling meat/animals under unsanitary conditions is asking for trouble. Anyways the other half of the problem is of course = encroachment into formerly wild areas. So growing populations needing a place to live + additional land for agriculture results in "wild" areas becoming exposed which helps trigger that "zoonotic spillover event" leading to outbreaks like this.
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  67. And....... It depends where you lived usually. Poorer Third World countries had lower vaccination rates compared to developed nations. They also coincidentally saw Smallpox endemic as a result. So it is possible some folks did not get vaccinated and lived where Smallpox was not raging. During the eradication program the medical teams focused upon vaccinating people in places where Smallpox was active to halt its subsequent spread.
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  68. The Smallpox virus was eradicated from nature - meaning us humans as it had evolved to only infect people. Meanwhile we do not interact with cattle as we historically did making the possibility of zoonotic transmission of some new novel virus less. So yes the Smallpox virus was possibly a mutation of Cowpox given man's millennia interaction with the domestication of livestock. The morphological similarity of the Cowpox virus to that of Smallpox via "cross-reactivity" is what allowed for the vaccine to work. IgG specific antibodies created to one worked against the other as well. Moral of the story: Smallpox is believed to have developed ~10K years ago. In all that time nothing has arose to replace it. So while it is always "possible" for a new zoonotic virus from livestock to develop and mutate to infecting humans - we should have seen it by now. We still consume cattle as before - in greater numbers for that matter. In most cases however they are handled and processed upon better conditions and are prepared as food so that microorganism can be killed. Incidence of Cowpox is pretty rare today.
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  69. Born stooopid - or dropped on your head as a baby........ Covid has caused the death of millions and the economic impact of its presence has cost the global economy trillions of dollars..... It must really-really suck to see only what you want to see = and be wrong........... 🤦
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  70. You want an example of conspiracy theories = read your own comment..........
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  71.  @beastinator456  Superficial logic - as is usually the case............ Simple things for simple minds as always. Try not to trip over your shadow on a Sunny day to hurt yourself. Perhaps a cranial helmet is warranted. 🤨
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  72. While socioeconomic variables such as poverty etc. do play a role in infectious disease epidemiology. In the matter of Ebola it is cultural more than economic. The consumption of often poorly prepared bushmeat + widespread utilization of wet markets + encroachment into previously wild areas to foster zoonotic transmission + a finally cultural practices vis a vis handling of infected are what drive subsequent outbreaks. Ebola is only infectious when the person is symptomatic and by that time they are usually rapidly incapacitated and must be cared for by others - often family. Further others must come into contact with infected body fluids. So it is cultural practices of caring for infected at home rather than in hospitals + handling of infected dead rather than turning them over to public health systems = which facilitates much of the subsequent spread when outbreaks occur. People must change the way they have always dealt with ill people. 🤔
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  73. Good luck in obtaining that cranial helmet you obviously need. Try not to trip over your shadow in the meantime to injure yourself. 🤦‍♂
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  74. So which is it then = botski.....or Trumpanzee...... You've already established your ignorance of the science here vis a vis vaccines and infectious disease mitigation - as well as your apparent penchant for conspiracy theories.... 🤨
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  75. If you had Ebola = you would not be here online........... Also the only way to catch it is to have direct fluidic contact with an infected person = who is symptomatic. People are not infectious with Ebola until they are actively ill with it - and which point they are quickly incapacitated. So the reason Ebola spreads in Africa is because of cultural practices whereby family members handle the bodies of the dead - which are extremely infectious.
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  76. The video is about Smallpox. If you want to talk about Polio = there are other videos....
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  77. Yes. But the individual was unvaccinated and it is believed they got it while traveling abroad. So long as all around them was vaccinated - as should hopefully be the case - then it will not spread. This is what happens with vaccine resistance. If everyone simply vaccinated then Polio like Smallpox would have already been eradicated long ago.
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  78. There aren't many Costco's in Africa to get some groceries you know. People have to eat and consuming local wildlife has sustained them for generations.
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  79. Semantic quibbling. 🥱
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  80. @Kc Armstrong apparently more than you. Tell you what. Study microbiology and immunology for a time = and get back to me.
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  81. Hemorrhagic fever diseases are nothing to quibble about. They are exceedingly lethal. Fortunately they are contact spread rather than airborne which makes them easier to stop. The problem in Africa is a cultural issue. People there for generations have handled the bodies of sick/dead family members. It is was their practice of caring for the sick and handling the dead which allows Ebola outbreaks to spread beyond their immediate area of outbreak. Fortunately the people are finally catching on to stop doing these cultural practices when Ebola turns up to instead let health authorities deal with these people. 🤨
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  82. Smallpox was the worst infectious disease known to man. It had a very high mortality rate compared to others + the individual was infectious before they even knew they were sick which made it easy to spread around. Before it was eradicated Smallpox used to cause ~15-20,000,000 cases a year worldwide and of those 3-4,000,000 would die. Be glad it is gone indeed.
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  83. Actually what is funny is how some make the claim you have......... Apparently they skipped school on the day geography was taught otherwise they would recognize that "China" = is actually part of Asia...... - which happens to be the largest landmass on the planet. Thus in so much as 75% of infectious viral diseases which afflict man are of zoonotic origin + that Asia as the largest landmass with still wild areas contains many animal reservoirs for those viral pathogens + it further represents an area of considerable international travel since it is where much of the global manufacturing takes place = it makes perfect sense after all. 🤨
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  84. 🤦.............🤷
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  85. 🤣Another "deep thinker" I see. So let's play "the critical thinking game" shall we. A civilization capable of "repurposing" a stone construction = is one capable of working stone - so why bother then with "cast-offs".............. They would simply build their own. Better luck next time.
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  86. At times in the past it has been. During the Smallpox eradication program in the 60's and 70's in places such as India people owing to generations of belief in worthless - and dangerous - "old wives tales" such as homeopathy and other panaceas refused to vaccinate. Finally a law was passed mandating it and the rest is history = eradication of Smallpox from that nation soon followed. Vaccines work - IF - people will avail themselves to them. If millions refuse then the infectious disease will go on and on and on and on.........
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  87. "If it bleeds = it leads" - modus operandi of US news media in general. Meanwhile some media venues in the US - so-called "conservative news" (an oxymoron by the way) - are especially hyperbolic in their reporting. Thus it is one thing to report the news and to address what are legitimate concerns. Some however fall into the arena of = "tabloid reporting" - and must be taken as such. 🤨
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  88. Naturally you failed to provide a shred of evidence to support your obviously imbecilic claim here.......... Let me guess = one of your "friends" on Fakebook etc. told you this. 🤦
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  89. Keep them - just in case. We live in a world now where recombinant technology exists such as CRISPR. So the risk of genetically reengineered diseases is real and thus however much we would hope no one would be insane enough to re-release Smallpox as a weapon.........we must keep our eye to the future.
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  90. Whatever you were trying to say here = think again. Also Smallpox made you infectious BEFORE you showed any symptoms. That is what made it so bad as people would be spreading it around their communities - it was highly infectious - before the first pustule showed up. Coincidentally Covid is the same as people are infected and spread Covid days before they begin to feel sick while the now Delta variant of it is even more infectious than Smallpox was.
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  91. Any parasitic organism which requires a host to replicate inherently maintains the capacity for mutation owing to the idiopathic nature of human hosts. While we are all "similar" we nevertheless on a genetic level contain differences. Many are idiopathic while some reflect exposure to our environments. Add to this the fact and most viral pathogens which afflict many are of zoonotic origin. Hence they mutate largely as a result of their jumping back and forth between species - such as the Influenza virus does. If you look you will see that viruses which are considered to be "human specific" do not tend to mutate as readily as zoonotic ones given their singular host.
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  92. "Zoonotic" pathogens by definition exist in more than one species. So no - Ebola can not be eradicated as it "jumped" into man from other species and likely will do so again at some point. About 75% of viral pathogens which afflict mankind are of zoonotic origin. We can not eradicate them completely. All we can do is to mitigate their presence and impact.
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  93. Ah...... = this old one again........ 🥱 Some things never change - even these worn out anti-vaxxer talking points. Simple things for simple minds as always. 🤷
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  94. The world is sadly full of foolish people = and that is why such infectious diseases still exist. The sad reality is that Polio could have been long gone by now - much as Measles etc. might - if people simply vaccinated. Moral: some viral pathogens are "zoonotic" and thus we cannot eradicate them as they exist in other species. All we can do is to try to mitigate their presence. Yet other viruses are "human specific" only being capable of infecting humans. Smallpox was one and it is now gone thanks to enough vaccination. Poliovirus is another. It is almost gone from the world save for a few places where people will not vaccinate. If they would simply vaccinate then within this generation Polio could be gone as well. 🤷
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  95. Amazing in that one sees multiple posters all chirping = but absolutely nothing to indicate any understanding here. How sad - if not unexpected. Conspiracy theory as always is the swansong of the failed intellect. As a consolation prize. Hospitals must justify billing to the insurance company. Ergo if there is no documentation to support a diagnosis of Covid - or anything else for that matter = to attempt to bill it would constitute fraud making the hospital subject to legal penalties. Ergo one does not simply say something is Covid related = one must prove it via documentation and diagnostic testing etc.. This is but one small example of what you lemmings do not understand. Continue with your parroting of talking points....... 🦜🦜🦜
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  96. You are not infectious with Ebola until you are symptomatic. Thus healthcare workers being alert for any signs would be able to respond at the first sign of trouble such as developing a fever after having worked around people infected with Ebola. It requires physical contact with infected fluids of someone actively ill with Ebola to catch it. By that time they are usually already incapacitated. You can not catch Ebola sitting next to someone on a bus or via airborne exposure. 🤔
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  97. Covid has become endemic. So yes the "pandemic" is over because the virus has found a home in man and other species such that it is now impossible to eradicate entirely. All we can do is to try to mitigate its presence much as we do with other zoonotic viral pathogens like say Influenza. 🤨
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  98. 🤨If you do not understand the science here - as is clearly the case = best not to opine what are poorly formed assumptions..... - just saying. Immunological reaction to vaccination does not require years to ascertain = merely weeks. By a month post-inoculation the individual's immune system has resolved the exposure and moved on. So "long term results" from vaccination = a few weeks. Look at the exceedingly rare side effects of vaccination and see where they manifest within a week or two - the same as the more common ones.
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  99. Actually both infectious diseases have a similar incubation period which varies from individual to individual. A person could show active symptoms within a few days - or a few weeks. As an aside. While our ability to treat viral infections has improved over the past 40 years viruses are still difficult to overcome given the nature of how they replicate in the body. Thus antiviral therapies remain limited.
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  100.  @moiraatkinson  "Viral vectors" are indeed a part of medical research in some cases. They do not however include use of = virulent pathogens - such as the Smallpox virus represents. Some of the Covid vaccines are "vector" vaccines whereby a modified virus is used. The difference is the virus in question = Adenovirus - such as causes the common cold. So you would not use a virulent viral pathogen which is capable of killing people as a vector to treat something else as there is always a risk of it regaining its virulence. This is why we did not have vaccines for many viral diseases until the advent of recombinant technology as even in their attenuated form they were considered too dangerous for use. An example is the Ebola vaccine which uses a recombinant modified and subsequently attenuated rVSV virus - which infects animals but has been modified like the Adenovirus above - rather than the actual Ebola virus. So I would be doubtful as to use of Smallpox to treat HIV as there are already many HIV vaccines under development.
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  101. No......... Influenza is not Coronavirus = completely different organism. Just because 2 unrelated viruses attack the same areas of the body to elicit similar symptoms - like a respiratory infection say - does not make them the same. It just means the viruses can infect the same cells in the body. Lots of viruses can infect respiratory cells as that is how such illnesses are primarily spread.
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  102. Actually the risk of developing cVDPV has been known for decades. Any time you use an attenuated vaccine on a mass level then given the idiopathic variance seen in populations there is always a risk a number might fail to defeat the weakened organism as expected to subsequently develop a "subacute infection". What matters is the risk of this happening is infinitesimal. For these rare cases to then go on to infect others is even more remote and requires above all else = an unvaccinated population. If a person develops a mild case of what a vaccine works against and they are surrounded by vaccinated - it usually stops with them. If however said person is around lots of unvaccinated = the virus now has a reservoir from which to spread. Moral of the story: in the case of Poliovirus it can exist in the environment for up to 2 months + it is spread via the GI tract. In other words people use the bathroom to contaminate their sewage systems + they don't wash their hands to spread it around + if they have common water systems such as poor villages which use wells etc. they can further contaminate those = all of which can potentially infect another if as noted above they also are not vaccinated. So the recent instances of cVDPV noted of late occurred in communities with high levels of unvaccinated owing to religious objections. Had they been vaccinated then there would have likely been no spread. Actual cases of cVDPV are 1 out of millions of doses of OPV administered. The WHO and NGOs have encouraged poorer nations to stop using OPV for years and to switch to IPV - which costs more. cVDPV can not happen with the IPV vaccine. 🤔
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  103. The people who attack it lack any real argument to offer their political base. They are consumed with the past while the culture moves forward - as inevitably occurs. Hence they attack science to keep that largely rube base "distracted" via conspiracy theories and performative rants. Simple things for simple minds as always. 🤷‍♂
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  104. Please feel free to articulate how exactly the Covid vaccines are not vaccines?? Let's see how much understanding you actually have here. I haven't had my daily laugh yet....... 🤭
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  105.  @nolesy34  lol! You can not reason with irrationality I'm afraid. All you can do is debunk what is usually specious superficial arguments with more credible evidence-based information. The rest falls to the individual and their willingness "to learn" - or not. Vaccine opponents as a rule are consumed with "incredulity" - which is usually a result of the aforementioned ignorance of the science here. As such one rarely can change their minds as they invariably have "emotional barriers" which preclude it. It is difficult for many to admit they might have been duped after all. One rather uses their facile logic and specious rationalizations as "an object lesson" for others to recognize and learn from. This way the exchange is not a total loss. 🤔
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  106. Eh....... Polio vaccine years ago = was ingested via a sugar cube. The vaccine was liquid and you put a drop on a sugar cube to make it palatable for kids. The Poliovirus replicates in the GI tract - hence why it is ingested. A "pockmark" on the upper arm for older people = Smallpox vaccination. Using a bifurcated needle people who were inoculated against Smallpox would be jabbed in the arm using a liquid vaccine the same as Polio. A "pox" would develop at the site = hence the scar. 🤨
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  107. Historical note. The Indian government was not completely on board with the Smallpox eradication effort initially. It took years and multiple attempts - and finally the government passing a law mandating compliance - before enough people were vaccinated to have an impact. India was basically the last hold out in the world - not because of its population size - but rather because its people continue to cling to old wives tales panaceas such as homeopathy etc.. 🤔
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  108. Not terribly bright I see........ Kinda sad really. 🤨
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  109. Wouldn't have made a difference...... She was constantly shedding the organism when she used the toilet such that she was infecting the environment as well. Back then they lacked modern facilities such as we now take for granted. It is the same with say Poliovirus. Even if you wash your hands = your bottom is still contaminated. So go into a swimming pool or handle your dirty.......... 💩
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  110. Wrong. While it is true that a "milder" form of Smallpox eventually arose what matters is that the condition made the individual infectious prodromal - meaning you were infectious prior to showing any symptoms. That means that even if the host died = others were likely already infected to keep it going. Ebola on the other hand as an example does not make the person infectious until they are actively sick - at which point they are unable to move around much. Further it requires contact with infected fluids whereas Smallpox was spread via contact as well as airborne. So Ebola with a high mortality rate can "burn itself out" if people are careful about handling the infected whereas Smallpox would simply spread unchecked until mass vaccination occurred. 🤔
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  111. Ah....... = no. She spent her life in quarantine because = she refused to have the operation which would have allowed her to return to a normal life. If she allowed the doctors to remove her gallbladder - where the bacteria colonized her bile - she would have not required lifelong quarantine. So the moment the doctors informed her of her condition she ceased to be "a victim" here as her choices led to what followed.
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  112. So claims a likely sockpuppet account which "just happened" to be created during the Covid pandemic - one which can not even spell words in English when browsers come with spell-check......... 🥱
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  113. Except that = it was a media scarefest - especially in the mythical world of "conservative media" which routinely hypes nonsense for profit........ Moral: Ebola is deadly - absolutely. Yet it also is not = very infectious......... To catch Ebola you must come into physical contact with an infected person's bodily fluids = when they are actively ill - except by then they are also usually quickly incapacitated which limits spread. So the problem with the Ebola epidemic some years ago was not Ebola per se = but cultural beliefs in Africa. People there handle the bodies of the sick and dead per their customs which meant it spread out of control. In western nations someone who becomes sick typically goes to a doctor/hospital such that an infectious disease spread via contact can quickly be contained in most cases. We do not handle the dead at home as in Africa = we have professionals come in for that.
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  114. Your poor grammar aside here = "no". Your poor assumptions on the matter reflect the stereotypical lack of understanding vis a vis the science of infectious disease epidemiology that is sadly all too often the case with ilk such as you. Perhaps you should stick to video games or whatever and leave science to the adults - just saying. 🤔
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  115. Better to read a book. DA Henderson was the American epidemiologist who organized and oversaw the global Smallpox eradication effort. He wrote a book about the experience. It shows what is possible when nations work together towards a common goal. He was not without detractors though as some did not believe he would succeed = he proved them wrong.
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  116. Possibly. The thing about "younger" people though is their bodies are still growing and lacking a lifetime of accumulated exposure and immunity they tend to "react" more strongly than an older person who might have as you alluded to some "cross-reactivity" having already been exposed to a similar viral pathogen.
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  117.  @ronc7743  Keep digging the hole deeper to reinforce the obvious = your understanding here is nil. Moral of the story: Covid vaccines were developed in the midst of = an active pandemic. Ergo obviously no "long term studies" were done = duh!!!! The goal was to create viable vaccines which showed efficacy - which does not take long to establish - as quickly as possible. Subsequent studies looking at long term community exposure, duration of antibody generation, etc. will come in due course. So like so many you understand nothing and instead 🦜 talking points premised upon ignorance. Enjoy your ignorance and paranoia I guess.
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  118.  @ronc7743  Cognitive dissonance - and conspiracy theory blinders. You seem to overlook the obvious in your attempt to justify your lack of understanding here. One does not have to work for a pharmaceutical to understand the science here. One need simply = learn the science............oops!! Moral of the story: all vaccines work upon the same basic principles - even mRNA ones. When a virus invades your cells - which coincidentally occurs many times in your life - it injects its DNA into the cell. From that point on the DNA is read via transcription and the "cellular machinery" reacts to = the mRNA that is formed as a result. The ribosomes read that mRNA - "translation" - and respond by creating the parts of the virus which amalgamate into new copies of itself which upon being released into the bloodstream = repeat the process. That is the basis of viral replication. So the mRNA itself is disassembled when it is read and corresponding protein segments are produced in the cell. The genome of the cell is not altered and it eventually is destroyed anyways via apoptosis as noted to be replaced by a normal cell. So all your "concern" is about a process which happens anyways upon your being infected with a virus such as happens countless times in your life - yet you are still here. A vaccine is a vaccine is a vaccine as it simply is introducing "antigens" to your immune cells triggering an inflammatory response leading to antibody formation. It is only how those antigens are introduced that varies based upon vaccine type. p.s. - your supposed "studies" = meaningless twaddle spread via social media. Had you any real understanding here - which you don't as you are obviously reacting to online claims from fringe flakes - you would have noted that = people infected with actual Covid also suffer from blood clots - save for more often and of a more severe nature. The virus triggers strong inflammatory responses in people which lead to clot formation. So if a weakened vaccine can in rare cases trigger clots in a subset of people = imagine what a full-on infection with actual Covid can do......... You need to think about the totality of what is happening and why rather than "reacting". 🤔
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  119.  @ronc7743  😴😴😴 You know once upon a time I took a "critical reading" course in college. Based upon your circular responses here whereby you ignore everything I have said to repetitively cling to your poor assumptions ad nauseum = you might benefit from such a course..... p.s. - I work for no one as I am retired. I did however as already noted - which you ignored to latch onto your sophomoric conspiracy jag about me supposedly working for the pharmaceutical industry = learn the science here - as I have advocated for you to do. Here endeth the lesson.
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  120.  @ronc7743  Superficial analysis invariably yields = superficial conclusions. As always confirmation bias rules for some. Sad - but typical. Moral of the story: the vaccine injury program is funded by a tax paid by vaccine makers. The government however administers the program. So your funding request is to hire additional people etc. to administer the program - something it has been asking of the Congress for years now by the way. It is for = administration - not compensation case funding which comes from the trust fund financed via the tax. As an aside. While the number of cases filed each year is low overall - very low in fact considering the millions of doses of vaccines administered each year in the US = not all who file a case are approved as what is claimed might lack credible documentation to tie it to vaccination. Also just as with VAERS many claims represent minor things like a claim of an injured/sore shoulder from the injection to other minor complaints. In case you missed the commercials in the US there are lawyers who make a living filing vaccine compensation cases much as there are for work injury or automobile accidents etc. - aka "ambulance chasers". The VICP is such that legal fees are paid = even if the claim is rejected. So you can not go by raw claim numbers - which the vaccine industry routinely misrepresents. You must look at actual compensation cases approved = which are infinitesimal. Perhaps one or two dozen cases a year are approved for say the MMR compared to on average 10 million doses administered each year in the US. You see only what you want to see. 🤔
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  121.  @ronc7743  Must be desperate for attention to continue to dig the hole deeper....... After all you lost the argument many posts ago when your obvious lack of understanding here was exposed. Moral of the story: attacking me = does not obviate the science I articulate. I spent years learning it whereas you obviously did not. Ergo my eyes are "open" as always. As an aside. I believe the term you look for is "educated" - or "erudite" if you prefer. Enjoy your superficial uninformed assumptions.
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  122.  @ronc7743  🤭Like all publications the BMJ publishes a wide array of material = some fact-based research and some "opinions" - to be taken as such. So not only did you fail to articulate what you specifically allude to = I am willing to bet you are likely misrepresenting what was stated as well. That as always is soup du jour for vaccine opposition as they see only what they want to see to try to justify what are often poorly substantiated assumptions. C'est La Vie
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  123.  @ronc7743  Keep attacking me rather than confront what I note. lol! You end up exposing the weakness of your argument as clearly no compelling counterpoint exists for you = hence your trite ad hominem. 🥱
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  124.  @ronc7743  🥱 "Critical thinker" indeed... WHO = do you find in medical systems???? 🤔 Moral of the story: I am familiar with the study you allude to - as well as the joke of a channel you reference. In this case you are parroting classic superficial mischaracterization. So the study looked at employees of a medical system = in other words individuals who work with actively ill Covid patients. Thus they unlike the general public by definition incur vastly higher levels of exposure. Higher levels of exposure with a viral pathogen which has mutated several times now over the past several years into variants exponentially more infectious is like a person being squirted at first with a garden hose to now be doused with a fire hose. Firemen wear nomex which is fire retardant. Yet if caught in a conflagration they can still burn to death. Similarly vaccinated people when confronted with very high levels of exposure to the virus which has mutated to generate viral levels exponentially higher than when the vaccine was first developed to work against are concurrently at a greater risk for subsequent infection given that onslaught of viral exposure. Yet the metric here is not total prevention of infection as no vaccine has ever achieved that = it is reduction of adverse medical outcomes if said infection occurs - which your study did not address. It all still boils down = to being exposed in the first place. So by all means think harder and stop parroting superficial arguments such as your channel makes.
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  125.  @ronc7743  You keep attacking me = rather than confronting what I note. I of course understand as that is soup du jour for vaccine opposition. It is all assumption and parroting absent any real understanding. So here is your freebie. Look at what I write = does it appear like I have understanding of the subject............. 🤔
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  126.  @ronc7743  Still haven't learned to read. 🤣 Trite ad hominem merely exposes what I noted = you lack understanding and are reduced to the same.....
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  127.  @ronc7743  You must really be a glutton for punishment.... 🤣 1 - what constitutes a "serious side effect" and what follows??? 2 - meanwhile the other side of the equation which you superficial thinking moppets always fail to account for: a - actual Covid cases in France to date: 38+ million - per WHO. b - deaths from Covid: 158,000+ - per WHO c - number of doses of vaccine administered: 155+ million in France - Per WHO. d - estimated cost to French economy from Covid to date: ~480 BILLION Euros - per RFI (Radio France Internationale) So I could of course go on = but again the point is made. You see ONLY what you want to see and what is seen reflects superficial logic and a lack of understanding. So 47K "serious side effects" - which does not necessarily mean someone died by the way - out of 155 million doses administered and against 158K deaths from actual Covid = is not too bad considering the alternative. Bore another please. You are waaaay over your head here parroting what you obviously do not understand. 🥱
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  128. In essence yes. They view children as basically "property" which they use to justify what are really = their own ideological beliefs. So they therefore are not acting in the best interests of the child - only their own.
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  129. Less Hollywood = more history. Egypt of the 4th Dynasty was not yet an expansionist empire. That would come centuries later after the expulsion of the Hyksos - which is long after pyramids were built. So the condition of the graves of the workers buried at Giza indicate they were well treated and fed. Also they were buried Egyptian style - something not expected for slave labor. Meanwhile at Amarna - which dates to the early New Kingdom when references to military captives are seen and when pyramids were not longer built = one does see evidence of workers being mistreated. There are mass graves of young people who show evidence of being undernourished and worked to death = your captive workforce. So no = the pyramids were not built by slaves. The Pharaohs maintained a caste of professional workmen who were "salary workers" while they were supplemented by seasonal labor in the form of "the corvee" whereby able bodied Egyptians were required to work part of each year on public projects. Herodotus wrote the Great Pyramid workforce was swapped out every 90 days. 🤔
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  130. Born stooopid - or dropped on your head as a baby....
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  131.  @pj_ytmt-123  🤣 Oh......yeah = definite paranoiac - and not a terribly compelling one at that....
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  132.  @pj_ytmt-123  I rather think the term you seek is = "erudite" - or "educated" if you prefer........ I took the time to actually learn the science here whereas I suspect you did not....... 🥱
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  133. I was vaccinated against Smallpox as a child as it still raged in the world back then. People today with no living memory of those times have no idea of the way it used to be when outbreaks of Measles or Chickenpox etc. would close down schools etc..
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  134.  @stephaniecameron2594  Both viruses are morphologically similar. Thus per "cross-reactivity" antibodies generated against one also work against the other. Yet because Monkeypox is less contagious only those likely exposed need to be vaccinated. It does not spread via airborne like Smallpox and other viruses. Typically direct contact only.
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  135. Correct. The world stopped vaccinating people 40 years ago. Some militaries still do but that is it save for medical researchers. As an aside. It is questionable your immunity still holds anymore. The problem with assuming "lifetime immunity" is that your immune system wanes as time goes along + in the case of eradicated diseases you no longer see community exposure to "boost" your immune system. Think booster shots which with reexposure stimulate additional antibody generation. Older studies looking at duration of immunity of say Measles were done when people vaccinated years earlier still encountered the virus via periodic outbreaks - even if they themselves did not become infected. That community exposure is tantamount to booster shots. Smallpox is gone and thus your immune system has received no further "boosts" for decades now. 🤔
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  136. No - it makes perfect sense if you understand the process. People infected with Ebola are not actively infectious until = they are symptomatic. At that point however they are already sick such that they can not move around much - if at all being largely incapacitated. So with "hemorrhagic diseases" people will be "dripping fluids" from body orifices = vomiting/diarrhea/bleeding/serous exudate from their pores akin to oozing blisters from pockets of edema which form from burst blood vessels and so forth. Thus the risk of spread comes from physical contact from these fluids as a result of handling the infected - alive or dead. They will not be walking about sweating and sneezing at that point. 🤔
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  137. Ah...... no.
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  138. People are often afraid of things they are actually ignorant about. It is simply human nature. So despite the deadly nature of Ebola = it is not terribly infectious. If you avoid being exposed to bodily fluids from someone infected with it - who must also be actively ill - you will not catch it. Of course by the time they become symptomatic so as to also become infectious = they quickly thereafter become incapacitated. So it spread through Africa because of cultural mores which led people to handling the sick/dead instead of letting medical authorities deal with them. Rather than letting people be cared for at hospitals and not handling infected bodies families would do it themselves = and thereby become infected as well.
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  139. Yes. About 75% of infectious diseases which afflict man are = "zoonotic". Thus as you noted we are unable to eradicate them as we did with Smallpox as they have other reservoirs in nature to keep them going. This of course does not mean we should do nothing to mitigate their presence as they still cause considerable disruption to society across the socioeconomic spectrum given all the illness they cause. We therefore must continue to employ mitigation measures to include vaccination to limit their ability to spread and hence cause illness and death.
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  140. Yes. The eradication of a vaccine preventable infectious disease is reason enough to be glad. That is happened however during the height of the Cold War = is extraordinary. No less than the US and the USSR worked together along with others to facilitate the program which led to the eradication of Smallpox.
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  141. While time was always a factor = so was cost and resources available at the time of the Pharaoh in question. The larger pyramids were built in times of plenty. You also need to consider what the video speaks to = the deification of the Pharaohs into Ra. You see in the 4th Dynasty the Pharaohs altering their names to include "Ra/Re" into them - much as later Pharaohs included "Amun" into theirs. So it appears the 5th Dynasty Pharaohs expended more effort promoting their cult status than they did for their tombs. As an aside. It appears Khufu died before his pyramid complex was completed - but his son Djedefre who followed him finished it for him. Khufu was believed to have reigned ~32 years per the "cattle counts" while fragments of his mortuary temple depict him performing the Sed festival. The Sed was performed to celebrate the 30th year of rule. One must also consider the age of ascension as well. It is possible that Khufu ascended to the throne at a younger age - meaning he might therefore look forward to a longer rule. The same could be said for Ramses II who ruled longer than any other. Pharaohs who rose to the throne at an older age might be more pressed to finish their tomb given this fact.
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  142. Lay off the Tranq as it clearly is having an adverse impact on you...... - trust me. 🤦
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  143. You assume they are rational enough to be receptive to the information it speaks to......... = and that is a very large assumption for your part. 🤨
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  144. 🤦 Every once in a while people require visual reminders that there are complete imbeciles in the world. So that you for providing that reminder............
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  145. 🤦 I rather think you mean the plague that stopped = thanks TO vaccination........
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  146. lol! Paranoia induced incredulity makes for such a mundane argument really - so much so that it becomes fatuous. I would suggest you think harder here but alas........you have already demonstrated a lack of capacity in that department. Simple things for simple minds.
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  147. Meh. Variola evolved to only infect humans and then to do so primarily via airborne transmission. Cutaneous exposure would require prolonged contact - assuming as noted the virus was even viable which given the length of time involved is unlikely. In so much as the dead do not breath they would not exhale virion particles into the air while anyone handling such bodies would use precautions just as you see today whereby archeologists opening old tombs wear masks and gloves.
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  148. 🤦 "China" = "Asia" = largest landmass on the planet = highest population density in the world = still "wild" areas = area of the greatest amount of industrialization = subsequent high area of international travel = area of widespread deforestation and encroachment into those wild areas = "all of above" lends to zoonotic disease creation and transmission.........
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  149. Reston Virus = does not cause infections in humans - only primates. As such it will not spread as a virus to spread must be able to infecting/replicating itself in a host. You are exposed all the time to microorganisms from your environment which do not make you sick and which you do not spread further. Any virus which accesses your body can upon being encountered by your immune cells trigger antibody formation against it - "seroconversion." Unless however the virus is capable of infecting cells to reproduce itself - so that you then "shed" additional viruses into your environment to keep the chain of infection going = what viruses are inside of you will simply be eliminated by immune cells and/or die off. Moral: ingesting/inhaling/getting in through breaks in your skin is easy for a virus. What follows however depends upon the ability of the virus to infect your cells or not. There are as an example strains of Influenza - some which can infect humans while others can only make animals sick. They are all "Influenza viruses" but their capacity to infect other species is different.
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  150. Might was well watch Ancient Aliens as your claim reflects the same fictional trash. Garbage in ------> garbage out.
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  151. Ironic then that today when it has been virtually eradicated from the world the same as happened with Smallpox = these imbeciles forget the hard fought lessons of the past. Oh well........simple things for simple minds I guess. C'est La Vie Moral of the story: vaccines have always suffered from their own effectiveness. They reduce incidence of infectious diseases such that many today grow up with no living memory of "the bad old days" before vaccines were commonplace. Kinda sad really.
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  152. Darwin always wins in the end obviously........... The sad part however will not be the loss of the conspiracy-addled imbeciles who frankly added nothing to the human genepool = it will be the innocents they drag down with them. That is how it has always been. The many pay the price for a handful of idiots......... 🤷
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  153. Media overreaction as is so often the case. Ebola is indeed very dangerous. Fortunately however = it is not easily spread. To catch it you must come into contact with infected fluids from a person who is actively ill. Yet by that point the person is usually incapacitated or quickly will be. So you can not catch it sitting on a bus or moving about your daily life. The only way is via physical contact with actively ill people and/or their infected fluids. 🤔
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  154. Yet cVDPV is exceedingly rare - exceedingly. You are talking about 1 case out of millions of doses administered. Further there is little evidence of those rare cases then causing others to become infected. So long as there is high vaccination rates - meaning good local herd immunity - than the occasional case of cVDPV ends with the individual. Also it is only possible with the older OPV oral vaccine. It can not develop with the more modern IPV vaccine.
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  155. They are not really the same however. Once upon a time infectious diseases were named because of the symptoms they caused. There are loads of "pox" viruses in the world. As a aside. Monkeypox being present in places typifies how zoonosis is behind most of the infectious diseases which afflict man = and our tendency to deforest areas and to consume and interact with animals allows for "the jump" to cause these viruses to then infect humans. We are doing it to ourselves.
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  156. Ah........no.
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  157. They're not = hence the outbreaks. They are happening among unvaccinated populations. The NY one specifically is linked to the Hasidic community which refuses to vaccinate claiming religious reasons. They coincidentally were also responsible for the Measles epidemic which hit the eastern US several years ago. You are correct in that simple vaccination could avoid this nonsense.
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  158. Smallpox is gone = and good riddance. The last case in the world was in 1979. As noted by others Chickenpox is not Smallpox - not even close. They are completely unrelated infectious diseases caused by unrelated viruses. They however happen to infect similar areas of the body yielding the stereotypical "pox" legions. Moral of the story: once upon a time infectious diseases were named for the symptoms they caused. Thus diseases which caused pox lesions were all given pox names = Chickenpox/Smallpox/Horsepox/Monkeypox........ On a side note. Symptoms as alluded to represent the areas of the body being impacted. As such different organisms sometimes cause similar symptomatology despite being unrelated. The Flu is only caused by the Influenza virus. Yet a "common cold" is simply a term for an upper respiratory infection which can be caused by numerous innocuous viruses. But because they all infect the same upper respiratory tissues = they can cause similar symptoms for the most part.
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  159. It's always amazing what some idiots will be willing to believe...... Just goes to show how things like social media can be detrimental to intelligent cognition. I hope the moppets who believed there was Ebola at Burning Man make sure their "french model" buys the dinner.... 🤭
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  160. 🤭 Yes = "reality versus abstract" - the old problem........ Moral: people luv to blather on about "rights" - in the abstract. Yet as you alluded to "cause & effect" still exists here in the real world. Hence in matters of infectious disease the "rights" to the many > the rights of the few who happen to pose a risk to the rest. Societies taking action to limit the spread of diseases which crop up goes back a loooooong time. In the not so distant past as an example Lepers were still forced from their communities to live apart until antibiotics made Leprosy rare.
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  161. If you wish to worry then worry about Russia which has become more unhinged of late under Poo-tang who appears to be trying to obtain "an empire" before he dies. That is what becomes of despots who remain in control for too long = delusions of grandeur.....
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  162. Actually your best bet would be with supposed conservatives as they are the ones who cling to a singularly anachronistic worldview and tend towards anti-science. More progressive segments of society are forward thinking and base conclusions upon many different things = whereas conservatism has been clinging to the same utterly stale and increasingly passé ideology for generations now. Smallpox could be eradicated because the virus could only infect a single source = humans...........while conservatism also infects a single ideology. So we do not need to "vaccinate" against dogmatic conservatism as it is already on its way out given its outdated worldview in an ever-changing culture. The more the world becomes educated the less people the conservative "virus" has to infect to keep it going. 🤣
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  163. It is a matter of historical record. No they did not fear being infected as they unlike the Native American tribes had access to a vaccine as well as many simply had already caught and survived Smallpox previously.
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  164.  @UmatsuObossa  🤣Nice try - but you just embarrassed yourself again. People were variolating against Smallpox by the beginning of the 19th Century - and had workable vaccines soon thereafter. So by the time of the American West and infected blankets - latter half of the 19th Century - a Smallpox vaccine existed. You really shouldn't embarrass yourself after all.
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  165. Actually a pandemic infers epidemics which spread to other continents from its source. An epidemic is an outbreak above what would be considered normal for that place and time. So if there are outbreaks in Italy and Greece and the illness was traced to have come from say Africa then it could be argued as a pandemic - especially if it spreads beyond Europe as is usually likely. So it depends upon where it came from and its impact. Also there absolutely were pandemics in antiquity. Smallpox began in Africa to later hit Asia and beyond as one example via caravans.
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  166. A bit more complicated than that of course. Your immune system is pure = "stimulus -----> response." Accordingly the stronger the stimulus the greater the response - or conversely the milder the stimulus the milder the response. This is why one sometimes sees "secondary infections". The immune system being preoccupied fighting off a massive infection allows opportunistic organisms to gain a foothold triggering a secondary infection. So yes your body reacts to the presence of infectious pathogens via generating corresponding protein segments which match up to the same found on the surface of the organism - aka antibodies. Those antibodies are in turn created by "mature B-Cells" which upon being exposed to a given antigen will react by generating said antibodies. The "problem" however is that many infections will actually only yield = temporary immunity - meaning antibody generation of a period consistent with the level of stimulus which led to their creation which wanes in time. In cases of severe infection - meaning a massive onslaught of pathogen replication in the body and corresponding cellular disruption - one can see the development of = "affinity cells". Affinity cells are B-Cells which have in essence become "specialized". They will exist for years afterwards continuing to manufacture the specific IgG antibody they were sensitized to create. These are the basis of your "lifetime immunity". Moral of the story: about 75% of infectious diseases which afflict man are of "zoonotic origin" = meaning they began in other species such as animals and subsequently "jumped" into humans. Given this ability to jump back and forth that lends to mutative changes occurring with enough infections so that the morphology of the pathogen begins to change up. So with enough change vis a vis the "antigenic" structures found on the surface of a virus which allows it to attach to and infect certain cells whose structures match to much as keys to a specific lock = subsequent antibodies generated against a previous iteration may or may not match up anymore. Antibodies attach to antigen binding sites blocking them --------> which prevents the pathogen from being able to attack cells and replicate itself. The "inactivated" pathogen is then enveloped by other immune cells and is destroyed. The crux here being that your immune system is like a blind person reading braille by touch. They encounter and attack things they do not recognize as belonging via "touch"/chemical messages while their mechanism of attack as far as antibodies and T-Cells is dependent upon the morphology of the organism. If that morphology changes then your immune response is lost and your system has to begin again. If however via vaccination your immune system was already exposed to a weakened version of some virus it can quickly mount a defense which either prevents infection altogether - or some replication ends up happening albeit at a lower level. Less replication = less viral load and a better outcome for you.
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  167. Actually we are responsible here. Microorganisms simply exist to replicate and spread so long as they have an environment conducive to doing so. Humans on the other hand continue to expand our reach into previously wild areas and to consume animals under less than ideal conditions in some cases. Upwards of 75% of infectious diseases which infect man = are of zoonotic origin. So we are the ones helping to create the viruses which cause us problems. We interact and consume their hosts and encroach into their habitats while the nature of how our body replicates its cells lends to mutative adaptation yielding new variants of viruses etc..
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  168. The Great Temple of Karnak was built by his father Seti. On its columns is evidence of workers plastering over the cartouche of his father = and recutting his own in its place. You can tell this via parts of the plaster flaking away and via special light cameras which allow you to see what can not by the naked eye. Similarly there are the remains of Middle Kingdom pyramids as another example whereby their polished casing stones were stripped away to build something else and the workers left Rameses's cartouche behind as if to say "I did this."
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  169. Yet the Nazis towards the end of the war were manufacturing quantities of nerve gas. So the implication was that they were planning to use them - so much for Hitler's supposed reticence - but disruption to German industry from Allied bombing etc. prevented them from obtaining sufficient quantities much as happened with a number of their late war developments. If the war had lasted another year it's possible they would have started using chemical weapons.
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  170. And...... Your personal incredulity is not a cogent argument against a thing. It rather is a subjective rationalization.
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  171. Ah....... = no. The problem of "bush meat" is not because it is meat = it is how it is prepared - the same for ancient proscriptions against pork. Any meat properly prepared is perfectly safe for consumption. 🤨
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  172. 🤣🤦 There's always one.......... 🤷
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  173. Why?? Ebola is no problem really. It requires physical contact with infected who are actively sick to spread. So the solution is simple = do not touch infected.
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  174. Yes. There have been examples in the past of what you allude to. As an example. Some years ago there were Measles outbreaks. As a result formerly anti-vaccine hysterics upon seeing Measles start to burn through their communities and people ending up in a bad way = ended up getting their kids vaccinated....... It is always easy to stand up for something = "in the abstract." 🤨
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  175. Meanwhile I am saying perhaps you should forgo such uninformed assumption to instead = seek to understand. Follow the white rabbit Neo: 1 - the Sphinx is carved from the limestone bedrock = and limestone is porous. 2 - beneath the Giza plateau is the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System = ergo there is groundwater 4-5 meters below the Sphinx. 3 - via pressure gradient variance as water in the ground is often under greater pressure than above - hence why if you dig a well water seeps into the hole you create = moisture from below upwells through the porous bedrock to the surface where salt crystals are formed. They denude the surface of the stone causing it to flake away to touch. The process is called = "efflorescence." Moral of the story: the Mokattam Formation which forms the plateau the Sphinx is carved from has 3 main layers of differing densities - and hence hardness levels. The hardest part of the Sphinx is the lower body. The next hardest part is the upper neck and head. The softest part is the upper back and neck area = which was also the most degraded. So yes the Sphinx spent most of its life buried in sand and hence rainfall could not reach it. Yet sand shifts about and the surface of the stone weakened by efflorescence would still flake away over time = yielding what we saw. The Egyptian government via a USAID grant installed some years back underground water pumps to lower the water table and divert it from the necropolis. The Sphinx itself is constantly being maintained being coated with a neutralizing agent to slow the erosive process with some areas now covered over. Thus the Sphinx dates to the dynastic Egyptians and its uneven erosion is not due to age nor rainfall = but efflorescence. So now you know. 🤔 p.s. - there was no "lost" civilization. Arguing such is classic argumentum ad ignorantiam - a logical/deductive fallacy. A thing does not exist until you provide tangible, compelling physical evidence to show proof of concept.
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  176.  @AlexH8280  "I am saying it seems that some much earlier group of people in the region carved a massive animal, the head likely out of possibly a large jutting piece of rock, and the rest of the body out of the bedrock." Sorry if you do not even recognize what you yourself claim. C'est La Vie Moral of the story: enjoy your poorly formed assumption as already indicated. It is clear you lack understanding here - nor apparently a desire to correct that fault. Instead you as always happens go round and round trying to cling to your assumptions rather than confront actual evidence which makes such intenable. 🥱 p.s. - "wind" = pushes sand about - ever been to a desert as I have. So dunes of sand such as bury things like the Sphinx are pushed about over the years which cause friction against the body of the Sphinx = causing loosened areas to flake away akin to sandblasting. It is not the "wind" per se that causes the damage = but the sand the wind blows about. Also Egypt gets hit by periodic earthquakes as well which similarly shake things up. Perhaps it is time to stop assuming what you obvious do not understand - just saying.
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  177.  @AlexH8280  🥱round and round and round you go. As to statues. You know that Egyptologists have unearthed as an example smaller Sphinx statues partially completed which were abandoned in the quarries. In 2019 as an example a large partially completed "criosphinx" - half man/half ram - dating to Amenhotep III was unearthed at the quarry of Gebel el-Silsila. Smaller sphinxes line the "avenue of the Sphinxes" at Luxor as another example. It was common that when a Pharaoh died work began under them would halt as the workers moved onto to things the new Pharaoh wanted done. So Egypt is littered with half-completed objects and "size" does not matter. Then as now you got what you paid for. Hence wealthier Pharaohs during times of prosperity created more monumental structures - while lesser ones sufficed with smaller versions of the same. You are seeing only what you want to see to try to justify your assumptions = instead of confronting the evidence I have provided you.
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  178.  @AlexH8280  😴😴😴 It was apparent long ago that you desperately "want to believe" = just not "understand." Thus everything to date reflects you going round and round looking for excuses to ignore the evidence I have provided - while clinging to your assumptions. How sad -- if not unexpected. Moral of the story: I have provided you with evidence to explain why the Sphinx looks as it does + association to dynastic Egypt. Meanwhile you have responded as expected with continued inference to "some" supposed people for which you have provided exactly squat to demonstrate they exist outside of your imagination. That as so often is the case is all you seem to really have. Yet it is as I already noted for you classic argumentum ad ignorantiam. So here is your freebie as frankly this grows hackneyed. A thing is not real and hence true = unless you first can provide something tangible to ascribe validity to it. What you opt to believe - or not - in truth matters very little I'm afraid. Only credible evidence = plausibility - and hence "fact". You lack that. Enjoy your assumptions. p.s. - Gebel el-Silsila = GRANITE quarry. Granite is igneous stone and hence is not porous as limestone is - which the Giza Sphinx is carved from. Limestone is a sedimentary stone formed from ancient ocean floor and is naturally porous and is subject to erosion when exposed to fresh water which is akin to weak battery acid to it. That is why you see "sinkholes" develop in karst formations were flowing fresh water is present. Hopefully you at least have heard of them. Time to move on.
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  179. "Magic" = is never a treatment............and what has all this to do with Polio??? Also antibiotics do nothing for viral infections - something even a psychiatrist should know. So yes feeling "serene" and a reduction in stress - which suppresses immune functioning in the body - is always a good thing. Yet in matters of viral infectious disease epidemiology = vaccination is the only demonstrated metric for mitigation. Had there been a Polio vaccine back then Roosevelt would not have contracted Polio..........irrespective of how "positive" he felt about himself.
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  180. Monkeypox has been around a long, long time.
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  181. The industry adapted following the scare. Why do you think you see today many OTC meds come in = "unit dose" packaging. So meds in blister packs and safety seals on bottles etc. were a result of the scare and similar events. Prior to this almost all medications came in simple bottles which were not tamperproof.
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  182. Originally there was the oral vaccine. In the 1980's however "recombinant technology" was developed. That allowed for new types of vaccines to be created. The problem with older "attenuated" vaccines is that some viruses are soooo dangerous they are too risky to use attenuated as - while exceedingly rare - in people whose immune systems are not up to it they sometimes develop the illness. Typically however it is a mild form. So an "inactivated" form of the Polio vaccine was developed = your shot. It is not possible for the person to potentially develop "vaccine derived Poliovirus" as can happen with the old oral vaccine. Being newer however = it costs more. The old oral vaccine costs a few pennies a dose and thus poorer nations still use it instead of the more expensive IPV vaccine. p.s. - because Poliovirus replicates in the GI tract that is why you took the oral vaccine as Polio is caused from ingestion of the virus as opposed to inhaling it or through the skin. People typically catch Polio from contaminated water/sewage sources.
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  183. Hitler = ideological fanatic. So what is the great "red flag" of ideological fanaticism??? Answer: inability to consider the "possibility of error". Moral of the story: read Mein Kampf to see a central theme throughout it. He always assumed he was right and the rest of the world was supposedly wrong in some fashion. Ergo his worldview simply did not allow for the possibility that he was wrong in his beliefs and assumptions. That is the easiest way to discern between rational and irrational individuals. 🤔
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  184. No - but thank you for playing.
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  185. The problem with "freedom" of course is = it often comes at the expense of another's freedom. That is why in the public space it becomes a balancing act. People "want" the benefits of community living. They do not however have a supposed "right" to the same. When someone walks out their front door to interact with others they are tacitly acceding to certain rules of conduct. They will not willfully put those others at risk - and the others will reciprocate. That is what the vaccine opponents can't seem to grasp. For them their worldview usually does not go any further than the tip of their nose being egocentric and hence = selfish. 🤨
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  186.  @StoneInMySandal  Yup. As mummies were typically wrapped up with valuables they were usually destroyed in the process of robbing them. Also the religious beliefs of the Egyptians were predicated upon the spirit (Ka) having a "vessel" to inhabit - hence why they mummified their bodies in the first place. So in their mind no body = and the spirit of the dead person was essentially "erased" from the afterlife. Later on they further believed that the Ka could inhabit - if not a body - then a statue or similar object bearing the name of the deceased. For them the "object" became the person. That is why so many statues saw their noses hacked off as the Egyptians believed doing so prevented the spirit of the person from inhabiting the object as they "could not breathe". So mummies - especially later mummies - were often coated with resins which hardened with time. So the only way to unwrap the mummy was often to tear it apart. Tut's mummy was damaged when Carter literally had to rip off his gold burial mask as his inner coffin was full of hardened resins which had simply been poured over his mummy. Sometimes they simply set them on fire to collect any melted gold and valuables afterwards. There was recently a doco on excavations in the West Valley of the Valley of the Kings. Looking for hidden tombs Egyptologists uncovered a large scorched area = and nearby was part of a mummy's leg. So a tomb had been robbed and the mummy torn apart and burned looking for valuables. Facts. 🤔
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  187. As if he'd care......... Hancock et al are not in the business of seeking understanding - nor even telling the truth for that matter. Their business model is = monetizing the ignorance and gullibility of their followers via "monetizing speech". They do not care what is said - only that something is said so they can clickbait and profit from it. 🤨
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  188. Ah....... = no. Rabies is spread via contact only. You must be exposed via direct contact with an infected person. Accordingly while it can be a "virulent" pathogen not unlike say hemorrhagic viruses like Ebola virus - also spread via contact = it is not particularly transmissible. People can readily identify a person/animal infected with rabies and avoid them. As far as epidemiological impact the most problematic virus out there is = Influenza. It is endemic worldwide + it is highly transmissible + it can similarly be lethal + and it is zoonotic and hence readily mutates as it jumps between multiple species. Each year worldwide Influenza generates literally billions of cases which causes a massive public health and economic impact for the world.
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  189. Back then there was only one strain of Smallpox in circulation. Later on a "milder" strain was identified. So any viral illness was by definition potentially lethal as we did not really begin to develop antiviral medications until the 1980's onward. Accordingly if you caught a viral infectious disease then all doctors could do is to treat your symptoms and hope for the best. Now any infectious disease which is novel is by definition the worst as no one has ever encountered it before and thus there is no "herd immunity" to slow its spread. After a time as people come to catch it and survive one can see its impact wane - a bit. Smallpox once established typically killed 20-30% of those infected. When first introduced to North and South America however where people had never before encountered it nor any virus similar to it their immune systems had no basis to counter it. Think Influenza. There are lots of respiratory viruses - some of which are morphologically similar. So antibodies created against one virus can sometimes also help to neutralize similarly shaped viruses via "cross-reactivity" - which is how the Smallpox vaccine worked. It used the Cowpox virus which was similar in shape to the Smallpox virus so that antibodies created against it - based upon its morphology = also worked against the Smallpox virus. Peoples of North/South America did not domesticate cattle and hence had never been exposed to viruses like Cowpox or related Smallpox. Thus they has nothing to help with their immunity upon making exposure far more deadly.
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  190. No worries. Russia would cause itself massive problems if they released Smallpox back into the world. It would devastate the Russian people as well as others.
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  191.  @DarylBaines  SARS-CoV-2 is a = "zoonotic" virus. What does that mean?? It means it began in other species to "jump" into humans - and coincidentally has in the intervening years now jumped into yet other species. Covid is being seen now in other than man. So discern when speaking about vaccination between "zoonotic" - which makes up most viral pathogens which afflict humans - and "human-specific" = which is what Smallpox and Polio were. A human-specific virus means the virus has evolved to only infect man. As such man being it's only "host" - it lacking other hosts in nature as zoonotic viruses have = means it can potentially be eradicated if enough people are vaccinated. Cut a virus off from its' host and it has no where to spread and it dies out. Moral: Smallpox was eradicated via vaccination as it was human-specific. Polio is now also almost gone for the same reason. Zoonotic viruses like Covid or Influenza however can not be eradicated as they can exist in other species. Thus we can only continue to vaccinate to limit their presence in human society. We cannot however totally eliminate them.
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  192. Actually what is funny as you say is how vaccine opponents keep trying to make the same flawed arguments against the vaccines. lol! Moral of the story: what is the definition of insanity???? Answer: do the same thing over and over again and expecting a different result. Thus Covid vaccines underwent clinical trials the same as all vaccines do. Those clinical trials demonstrated safety and efficacy. Further these vaccines were approved for use by ACIP = which coincidentally is the same panel which approves vaccines for licensure - doh!!! So your oxymoron aside as "unapproved" vaccines are not APPROVED for use you know - for emergency use or otherwise - the Covid vaccines were approved but are not yet "licensed" = true - if irrelevant. Licensure is NOT the same as demonstrated safety and efficacy which is what the clinical trials demonstrated already. To be approved for licensure - which they will be in time by the way - requires long term data for things like how long the immunity lasts as well as other trial data for subsets of the population not trialed in the initial trials - such as small children or pregnant women or those with certain preexisting health issues not previously tested - or if booster shots are required and so on. So you assume much here - poorly - yet as we see you understand very little. Spewing "innuendo" makes for a poor argument in the face of overwhelming evidence to the contrary. Just though you might want to know. lol! Better luck next time.
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  193.  @yann6753  Confirmation bias is all consuming for some - especially those attempting to rationalize "innuendo". lol!! So one more time = really, really slow. Clinical trials can go on for years - not because they are trying to establish safety or efficacy as that is determined fairly quickly. They do so to ascertain OTHER data towards eventual licensure. In other words you must know how long the immunity lasts and so on before a vaccine is "licensed" to possibly be included into the schedule. To find that out you must literally follow clinical trial individuals to see how long they manufacture antibodies as well as if they acquire the illness via community exposure. That may take months - or even years. The Tetanus shot lasts 10 years = how do they know this??? They monitored people for = years - duh!!! So you are trafficking in innuendo here and losing - badly - because you do not understand what is going on resulting in your poor assumptions and leaps of logic. Enjoy your innuendo. lol!!
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  194.  @yann6753  1 - yes = I have a problem. 2 - yes - it hurts others. How do you think the new Delta variant - which is 1,000X more infectious by the way than the original variant - came into existence??? Answer: via people = LIKE YOU who did not avail themselves to vaccination. By allowing oneself to be vulnerable to infection you are giving the virus yet another chance to mutate into new potentially more virulent variants of itself. 3 - I do not claim to know everything = fatuous distraction for your part. I DO however understand the science here whereas clearly = you do not via your subjective and egocentric ramblings here. Moral of the story: you are grasping for rationalizations here to ignore the obvious. It's not "rocket science" = but it is science. To whit: a virus needs = "someone" to keep it going. Can't make it any simpler than that. By vaccinating you cut yourself off from the possible group of "someone's" to keep the virus going. So the data is conclusive here. In areas where vaccination rates are high = virus transmission is low. In areas where vaccination rates are low = virus transmission is high - and new and worse variants are developing and spreading. So you are either part of the solution = or you are part of the problem here. p.s. - in case your Greek alphabet is rusty Delta is the FORTH letter = ergo there are now 4 variants of SARS-CoV-2 in the world whereas there used to only be one. That is entirely due to unvaccinated people.
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  195.  @yann6753  "A potential higher viral replication rate of the Delta variant is proposed, which leads the viral loads in Delta infections to be ~1000 times higher than the 19A/19B strains infections on the day when the testing turns to be positive. This highlights more infectiousness of Delta variant during the early stage of infection is very likely, and the frequency of the population screening should be optimized for the intervention16. The more infectiousness of the Delta variant infections in pre-symptomatic phase highlights the need of timely quarantine for the suspicious infection cases or closely contacts before the clinical onset or the PCR screening." - paper published in Virological - dot org. Better luck next time. lol!! Also your rambling about Nazis here was sadly unexpected. Simple things for simple minds I guess. Enjoy your magical subjective - and selfish - world. We'll stick with the actual science out here in reality if you don't mind.
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  196. Actually the MoD was created by FDR = who was a victim of Polio. Upon his becoming president he used his office to raise awareness about the issue of Polio.
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  197. Yes Ebola is scary. What matters however is it = does not easily spread. People infected with Ebola are only infectious when they are actively ill - at which point they can not move about much. Also you must have direct fluidic contact to catch it. So you can be in proximity with infected and so long as their bodily fluids don't touch you = you will not catch it.
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  198. While your underlying point is certainly valid in that our deforestation etc. plays a large role in the formation of zoonotic viral pathogens - the likelihood of our being "wiped out" is more science fiction than science of course. That is not to say mankind would not incur a lot of damage as a result of a pandemic. Merely that as a general rule the more deadly the pathogen = the easier it is to control the spread. Any viral pathogen which is highly lethal tends to kill its' host quickly. This means outbreaks can be quickly identified and contained. So the most dangerous viruses are actually ones which are not super lethal + which are however easily spread via airborne exposure + which are highly mutable/zoonotic + and finally which make you infectious before you show symptoms. As scary as Ebola is you are not actually infectious until you are actively sick - and which point you quickly become incapacitated. Ebola in man is spread via contact with infectious fluids so simply avoiding touching the infectious will prevent its' spread.
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  199. Another recently created sockpuppet account spewing a largely unintelligible rant......... = never saw that one coming. 🥱
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  200. Be glad..... Prior to its' eradication Smallpox each year killed millions worldwide and infected 3-4X that number.
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  201. While your angst is understandable - it is misdirected. Ebola and HIV are as nothing from an epidemiological standpoint as they are not easily transmitted requiring physical contact. The same for rabies as one does not pick it up from the proverbial toilet seat. So from an infectious disease standpoint the infectious diseases which should cause you the most angst are = those easiest to spread - which means airborne. Moral of the story: for scale of "impact" the worst infectious disease is probably Influenza. It is endemic everywhere and its reach makes it ubiquitous. Yes most survive it = yet it still makes them ill for a time. This means people are sick ------> miss work/school -------> some see the doctor --------> most take medications of some type be they prescription or OTC ------> some end up hospitalized --------> some of those incur prolonged if not lifelong health problems as a result = and finally some die. Numbers are difficult to pin down because many nations do not track Influenza deaths among adults - especially older ones - seeing them as "a natural outcome" given other comorbidities the individual might have. All of above results in a massive "impact" across the socioeconomic spectrum which cost society an enormous amount of money and resources in addition to the mortality rate associated with it. So as terrible as some infectious diseases are on the surface if they really do not normally impact large numbers of individuals then their real impact is less. Influenza accounts for literally billions of cases annually worldwide. Think about what that represents. Have a nice day. 🤔
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  202. 😴😴 Pathetic......... - truly. 🥱
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  203. lol! Fortunately the ancient Egyptians did not need to recruit. The Pharaons maintained a caste of professional craftsmen who were "salary workers" - their salary being providing them housing and a stipend of food. Thus freed from the need to seek daily sustenance they could focus upon their task. These were supplemented by a labor pool of seasonal workers. Able-bodied Egyptians were required to labor part of each year on public works via "the corvee." As an aside. Herodotus stated these workers were rotated out every 90 days and replaced by new gangs. As they did specific tasks being broken down into organized teams they would like factory workers on an assembly line require minimal training. Their supervisors would be experts like the caste of craftsmen who oversaw these gangs. 🤔
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  204. Actually no = she was not a victim. She was offered an out = surgery to remove her gallbladder - which she refused. Had she done that should would not have had to spend the rest of her life in quarantine. So she may not have had a choice as far as becoming infected and subsequently colonized. What followed however was entirely her choice.
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  205. Yes it was. Partly because of the state of public health/medicine - or lack thereof - and largely due to its communicability.
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  206. Ah....... = no. 🤭
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  207. Always a laudable hope. Not a terribly realistic one however I'm afraid. Far too many today simply refuse to vaccinate. That insures those infectious diseases continue to perpetuate. Also not all viral pathogens are capable of eradication because most are actually zoonotic in nature. That means they started in animals to "jump" into humans. As such there are non-human reservoirs to keep them going. So Smallpox was eradicated because the virus evolved to be "human specific" = meaning it could only infect people. So vaccinate enough people and the virus having nowhere to go dies out. Some vaccine-preventable illnesses are human specific - Measles/Rubella/Polio..... - while some are not such as Influenza or Covid etc.. Those which are not can not be eliminated = merely controlled via ongoing vaccination efforts. 🤔
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  208. Only for those who didn't bother to learn the science - nor listen either apparently. Smallpox is gone.
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  209. Not ironically. All 3 viruses are related and hence you have "cross-reactivity" which allows antibodies against one to work against the others. It should be noted however that the Jynneos mPox/Smallpox vaccine is intended for use with a specific population = immunocompromised. For general Smallpox vaccination were it required then the ACAM2000 would likely be used. ACAM2000 however uses attenuated Vaccinia and thus can not be used with "at risk" populations who might have immune issues.
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  210.  @meckerhesseausfrankfurt4019  ACAM200 uses attenuated Vaccinia. While Vaccinia is typically not considered to be dangerous to people - using attenuated vaccines in special populations - i.e. HIV infected - is contraindicated. Thus an alternative was developed for use in this population. The Jynneos vaccines is a recombinant vaccine which has seen the Vaccine virus "inactivated" via genetic alteration. It can be administered to people who might be immunocompromised but the virus is inhibited in that it can not successfully replicate. This differs from other inactivated vaccines where the virus has been completely killed or attenuated vaccines where the virus has been weakened but is not dead. Thus it is active enough to achieve an immunological reaction in the body = but attempts to replicate are unsuccessful. This is not unlike certain antibiotics which are "bacteriostatic" in that they do not directly kill the bacteria - but it is damaged so that attempts to replicate are stifled. The trick is to weaken/kill the virus yet still trigger an inflammatory response by the body. Not every introduction of inactivated pathogens yield a sufficient response by the immune system to yield IgG antibody generation - even with adjuvant use. So the recent mPox outbreak saw delay in vaccination because of who it impacted. The government had to obtain sufficient stocks of the newer Jynneos. Had it occurred in the general population rather than among HIV individuals the government would have probably responded quicker using ACAM2000. While not used in the general population ACAM is still administered to the military and researchers where needed.
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  211. Wrong = but thank you for playing. lol! Next time dig a bit deeper and learn the actual evidence out there.
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  212.  @AshMundo  lol! The workman graffiti in the relieving chambers of the Great Pyramid is not debated = save for by those whose understanding is nil - yet who nevertheless promote dubious pseudo-historical claims. Thus the workman graffiti in the Great Pyramid mirrors that seen on the covering stones of the solar boats buried beside it which were discovered in the 1950's. How about on blocks of the Bent or Red Pyramids or even on the abandoned blocks found at Wadi al-Jarf in 2014 where the diary of Merer was discovered??? In these locations - and others - you see similar phyle markings written upon blocks in the same red ochre paint...........so I guess then all of the rest are supposedly forgeries as well. lol! Moral of the story: the graffiti is seen all over Egypt and is but one piece of a large body of evidence which ties the pyramids to the 4th Dynasty of the Old Kingdom and Khufu specifically. Merer's diary references the Great Pyramid and Giza by name in relation to Khufu. He called the pyramid "Akhet-Khufu" which means the horizon of Khufu - "pyramid" is a later Greek appellation. As the Egyptians referred to things by the Pharaoh responsible for them = the Great Pyramid and the Giza necropolis are tied to Khufu as their creator. Nuff said. You need to stop listening to nonsensical sources and learn the actual history.
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  213. "Inflammation" is inherent to our immune response. If carried away however it can as alluded to cause damage to us as well as any pathogens infecting us. So mortality rates with any novel pathogen are by definition higher as there is no herd immunity established to slow spread and our bodies never before encountering the organism do not know how to respond. As time goes on however mortality rates tend to drop for various reasons - herd immunity + better medical response and so forth. p.s. - the Covid virus contains a lot of bat DNA. That is significant since bats are the only mammal which flies. Why is that important? Answer: to fly demands a very high metabolism - read body temperature. So any viruses which colonize bats to subsequently "jump" to humans have the potential to resist very high body temperatures = hence subsequent cytokinetic storm as the immune system pushes the body temp higher and higher trying to defeat the virus until it exceeds our own temperature limits and cellular destruction occurs.
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  214. Whatever you think you said = failed....... Your botski program needs work. 🤨
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  215. He had a "club foot" meaning - his foot was malformed. He did not have a disease which caused his mobility problems as it was genetic. Yes FDR suffered from Polio and wore leg braces. If you notice photos of him are usually him sitting down rather than standing up. He died at = WARM SPRINGS Georgia. It is called that because of the natural warm water springs found there. People with Polio would go there for treatment by soaking themselves in the hot water - much as those with TB would go to mountain retreats to spend time in the cold air to try to improve their lung situation.
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  216. Not entirely. Yes you should always wash your hands. In this case however Mary = was colonized - making her a spreader. So it was not enough to wash her hands as she contaminated her environment as well. Thus the lesson as you say is to take medical advice to rectify problems like this. She could have had a surgery to end her being a carrier = but she refused - and thus spent the rest of her life quarantined. 🤨
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  217. Confirmation bias rules all for some it seems. Thank you for my daily laugh. Conspiracy theory and the ignorance and paranoia behind it make for such a mundane argument after all but sometimes one sees such fatuous assumptions based upon it that it is worth a chuckle or two. I would say think harder.......but you have already demonstrated that is unlikely to occur here. Oh well.
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  218. 🤦Someone needs to learn about = zoonotic transmission........ Almost 75% of infectious viral diseases which afflict man came from other species. That coincidentally simply indicates the obvious = there are far more numerous species on the planet than man. Moral: man interacts with his environment to include consumption of wild animals. That interaction = is what leads to viruses making their way into human populations.
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  219. I suggest you dig deeper. People around the world stopped being vaccinated against Smallpox 40+ years ago. Since then the only people who receive it are those in certain militaries along with medical researchers. So wanna bet you received the Chickenpox vaccine and not the Smallpox one............ p.s. - yes older people still have the scar - I have one - as back then it had not yet been eradicated.
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  220.  @vapid6311  People who do not understand and thus assume poorly. As to incidence. Where countries use the Chickenpox vaccine the incidence of it has massively declined. Cowpox is exceedingly rare = exceedingly. Few people handle infected cows - which is how you might catch it. lol!
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  221. Subsequent herd immunity allowed for repopulation. In other words if you have 1,000 people living in an area and Smallpox shows up to kill say 800 = those 200 who survive can go on to repopulate - along with others who similarly survived or were never exposed. So it did not strike all at once typically. Smallpox epidemics would be years if not decades apart in places. That allowed for people to repopulate while its recurring nature yielded individuals who were immune. As those immune come to represent the bulk of a population in a given area the potential mortality rates from subsequent epidemics would decline. A viral pathogen which is virulent is most deadly the first time it infects a human population as no one has immunity against it - their immune systems never before encountering it or a similar virus. 🤔
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  222. Wasted effort. Like showing Flerfs live feed from the ISS space station = they would simply gin up inane conspiracy rationalizations to justify their ignorance and paranoia about vaccines. You can not reason with irrationality I'm afraid. Stooopidity knows no bounds.
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  223. 🥱Okay - you are not a "conspiracy nut" - which to be honest is debatable - but you are clearly ignorant here. Many chemical agents are "non-persistent" = meaning they dissipate quickly from the environment. So the only way to have proof of their use is to either have direct evidence of the dispersal mechanism + the agent itself = or the symptomatology of the impacted. Ergo whether it is a commercial chemical agent or a military grade one any individuals exposed will manifest symptoms consistent with that exposure since we know what to look for with their use. So your evidence = IS the victims. 🤔
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  224. Amazing in that you are completely wrong....
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  225. When were you inoculated.......
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  226. Books written by people whose purpose is of course - to sell books - tend to not be a very accurate representation of reality. They as with all things must be viewed in context and taken with a grain of salt. Hence in the years since the breakup of the USSR no one has been nuked and no biological weapons have been employed. As an aside. Look at the Covid response. Despite the virus originating from Asia - as quite a lot of zoonotic viral pathogens do = the US and Europe were first on the scene with vaccines. The reason is obvious. Their microbiological capacity is superior to others. Ergo biological weapons should they be employed often come back to bite the user as once released they can not be controlled. In so much as the West is more advanced here = they make for the least susceptible targets. "Bugs" and nukes are weapons of fear and not practical use. They create far more problems than they purportedly solve and their use massively complicates command and control for the side which uses them. That is why nations moved away from them to begin with. 🤔
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  227.  @georgepatstanley  Still rationalizing I see. Anything to avoid learning the facts as was expected. So hate to break it to you but = Pharaohs paid for things the same as we do today........... Moral of the story: we see different size pyramids because of the time factor involved and the cost. Egypt underwent multiple periods of "want" and "plenty". Pharaohs who ruled during times of prosperity - as Khufu and his father before him did - were able to build large pyramids. Later Pharaohs who ruled during times when Egypt was less prosperous + who did not rule for extended periods of time = sufficed with smaller pyramids. Also after the 4th Dynasty the Pharaohs believing themselves as a reincarnation of Ra their Sun God spent less on pyramids to additionally build solar temples to solidify their cult standing. You need to stop with the superficial assumptions and start reading some history. 🤨
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  228.  @georgepatstanley  round and round and round they go repeating the same flaws claims.......... = yet still no understanding. I invite you to take an ESL course given your obvious reading comprehension issues here. Your botski program needs work...... 🥱
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  229. Translation: your assumed beliefs are being dashed by logic and evidence compelling you to "pick up your toys and flee the sandbox". 🤭
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  230. It stops her from being a carrier - but no it does not "cure" the disease itself. She was not actively sick. She was "colonized". The bacteria which causes Typhoid Fever can live in the bile in your intestines - which is stored in your gallbladder. Thus every time you go to the toilet - and not wash your hands as people back then frequently did not do = you shed the bacteria ------> to then spread it around when you touch things. So removing her gallbladder would have stopped her spreading the bacteria around so that she could have lived a normal life = but she refused. 🤔
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  231. Be glad you were "left out" as that means the scourge of Smallpox was gone. Having a scar is not a good thing as it meant you felt bad for some days and had a blister on your arm which hurt and bothered you. There are photos of people infected with actual Smallpox who survived and many years later their faces were "pockmarked" much as the arms of inoculated - myself included as a child. Trust me you didn't miss much.
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  232. Apparently you didn't look very hard as there is loads of information online about her. Yes she was a real person. What you need to understand about her is that she could have had an operation to remove her gallbladder which would have ended her quarantine = but she refused. Thus she for the rest of her life was "a carrier" who posed a risk to others. The bacteria which causes Typhoid lives in your intestines - your gallbladder specifically. So every time she used the toilet she spread it as people also did not wash their hands as they should back then either. This meant she contaminated surfaces she touched and food she prepared as she was a cook. 🤔
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  233. In a word = "bathhouses". HIV is primarily behaviorally spread - specifically via sexual promiscuity. Among the Gay culture multiple partner unprotected sex is a matter of historical record. So it is not so much because they are "Gay" as = their behavior vis a vis engaging in high risk sexual contact. There is the same risk among hetereosexual populations by the way - such as "swingers" - but they are less commonplace as a rule. 🤔
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  234. Ironic in how you claim the CDC supposedly lied = yet you when the opportunity presented itself failed to elucidate upon this claim........ Let me guess = your "friends" on Fakebook or Twit-Tok told you........ 🙄
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  235. And........... 🥱 It is a sterol precursor such as is seen with the production of lipids in the body - such as cholesterol. Your body is chock full of such lipids as cholesterol is a component of the membranes which make up every cell in your body.
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  236. Washing her hands would have lessened the chances of her infecting others = but she still would have been colonized - and hence infectious. She refused to have the operation to remove her gallbladder - where the bacteria lived inside her. Had she done that she would have no longer been dangerous to others.
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  237. Soo many words = yet nothing actually said - kinda sad really. Moral: I recognize that in your mind you supposedly accomplished great things with your verbose soliloquy. I am compelled to point out however that you did not....... You simply showed the nature of a dysfunctional mind whereby you apparently lacking the capacity for rational thought of a consistent nature = ramble on and you flit from topic to topic. 🤦🤷
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  238. Exactly. People who understand little to nothing and who as a result base all upon poorly informed assumptions while ignoring evidence from those who do actually know. Dunning-Kruger rules all for some. If she would have simply had an operation she could have lived a normal life - but she refused.
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  239. Look at the anti-vaxxer trolls in the comment section folks = then look at when their accounts were created. Moral: most are nothing more than recently created = sockpuppet accounts........ - and THAT tells you everything you need to know about the anti-vaccine industry.
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  240. I would note however that you must understand that many viral infectious diseases which afflict man can not be eradicated. About 75% of them are "zoonotic" = meaning they started in animals before jumping into humans. Accordingly the virus being able to infect other species will always have "a reservoir" in nature to sustain itself. Some infectious diseases however are "human specific" meaning the virus evolved to only infect man. Smallpox - which has been eradicated thanks to vaccination - and Poliovirus which is today almost gone are examples of these types of viruses. So we must continue to be vigilant. With enough vaccination infectious diseases like Polio or Measles etc. can be eradicated as we did with Smallpox. Others like Covid or Influenza however can only be controlled via regular vaccination. We can not eliminate them entirely as they exist in other species besides man. Enjoy your day. 🤔
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  241. It's nonsense of course. There is absolutely zero evidence of a supposed predynastic civilization capable of creating the Sphinx - not even a pottery shard to show such was real. Meanwhile there is loads of evidence tying it to the Egyptians of the 4th Dynasty. As an aside. The erosion of the Sphinx which is carved from the porous limestone bedrock is due to a process known as = efflorescence. There is groundwater below the Sphinx and videos here on YT showing Egyptologists and hydrologists drilling below it to hit water ~4-5 meters down. The Egyptian government per a USAID grant some years ago installed underground water pumps to lower the water table and divert it away from the necropolis to slow the erosive process which is slowly dissolving the statue.
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  242. Eradicated from nature........
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  243. Actually few of them were vaccinated against Smallpox as the world stopped doing so back in the early 1980's. Most people alive today have never been vaccinated against it unless they were born before that date. They grew up in a world where vaccine-preventable illnesses are rare if not nonexistent in many places. I agree they are idiots however.
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  244. 🤦 You might want to create another sockpuppet account - since you "just happened" to have created this one recently = and try again......... 🤣
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  245. Not Polio in that it has not been reintroduced to developed nations - while Smallpox is gone now. Yes to Measles however. The outbreaks of Polio were a result of the old oral Polio vaccine use which many Third World nations still use because it is so cheap compared to the newer inactivated vaccine. Use of OPV can rarely - very, very rarely - lead to the development of cVDPV. We are talking about 1 case in millions of doses of OPV administered. Normally if that individual is around vaccinated people = it stops with them. Yet Poliovirus is shed via the GI tract when people use the toilet + the virus can live for weeks outside the body. So a person with cVDPV can contaminate their local community and if they are around a lot of unvaccinated can potentially pass that along. So the cVDPV seen arose in = unvaccinated communities who refused to be vaccinated claiming religious reasons. For many years now the WHO has recommended using the IPV vaccine which costs more - but which cVDPV can not occur with use. You are correct about them however as there is no rational reason to not be vaccinated. 🤨
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  246. Whatever you have been smoking = best to stop. Just saying. p.s. - epidemiologists who have tracked the history of HIV have found cases of it in Africa as far back as the 1920's = well before the time of mass vaccination programs.
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  247. Whatever you have been smoking = stop - and open a window. lol!! Clearly you have absolutely no idea of what you try to claim here and apparently enjoy being embarrassed about it. Just saying. Moral of the story: Poliovirus was spread via = contaminated water sources as well as open sewers. The virus can survive outside the body for up to 2 months while people spread the virus via fecal contamination. Next time learn the science and forgo wasting people's time with such fatuous claims.
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  248.  @stephaniegormley9982  You are misinterpreting what is said and missing the obvious. 1 - Polio exists in the environment as I noted = specifically contaminated water sources. 2 - passive immunity from the mother to infant does not last. In so much as an infant must be exposed + that exposure occurs from their environment = timing of exposure does not matter as the problem is not "when" a child is exposed - but that they are exposed in the first place. 3 - Polio typically elicits what Salk alluded to. Some - REGARDLESS OF AGE OF EXPOSURE - will become infected yet will only incur mild symptoms. Some however will progress to the more severe form of the disease resulting in neurological involvement. Moral of the story: so the solution here was vaccination as the cause of Polio was infected people who contracted Poliovirus from their environment to re-contaminate the same. To assume an infant being exposed "hopefully" acquiring the mild form of Polio via maternal immunoglobulins lending to a possible reduction in incidence down the line is an unwarranted assumption. Despite improvements on sanitation Polio persisted. Upon the advent of a vaccine incidence of Polio dropped like a stone so that today is it virtually gone now from the world. "Wild" Polio today only exists in the mountainous regions of Afghanistan and Pakistan where conflict and the tribal nature of the areas prevent vaccination efforts. So the cure to Polio was never sanitation and it continued to persist before and after sanitation improved in many places. The cure was vaccination.
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  249. Not yet as Poliovirus still exists in the world - but we are close. All of the world eliminated Polio save for 2 countries where "wild" Poliovirus still exists today = Pakistan and Afghanistan. Given the mountainous and tribal nature of those countries where vaccine resistance is high + the fact that Polio is spread primarily via contaminated water sources = Polio still exists there. Because it still exists there continues to be a risk it might "break out" to once again crop up in other countries if enough people refuse to vaccinate to keep it in check. Moral of the story: like Smallpox Poliovirus is "human specific" = meaning the virus evolved to only infect people. As such if enough are vaccinated then the virus gets cut off from its source and dies out entirely = meaning eradication. So most of the world as "eliminated" Polio meaning it is no longer endemic in that country. Polio still exists in the world however and thus we have not yet "eradicated" it which means it does not exist = anywhere. p.s. - if the people of these countries would simply vaccinate then within this generation Polio could be gone entirely as happened to Smallpox and we would no longer need to vaccinate against it.
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  250. It is due to 2 variables I'm afraid: use of the old, cheap oral vaccine by many third world countries + unvaccinated. Being an attenuated vaccine there is an infinitesimally small chance the individual if their immune system is not up to snuff acquiring a mild form of the illness - called cVDPV. The odds of that person then causing other infections is equally tiny and demands among the local population = unvaccinated. Poliovirus is spread by contaminated sewer/water systems. So if everyone was vaccinated = the case of cVDPV would stop with the individual alone. It's ability to cause cases in NYS was entirely due to large numbers of unvaccinated there among a population who resists the same. It was entirely preventable.
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  251. Wrong. The chances of your still be immune is very slight at best. Once Smallpox was eradicated all "community exposure" ceased. That is like having a booster shot. In other words you are vaccinated and 10 years later you unknowingly are exposed. You do not become sick = but the exposure enhances your antibody generation via restimulation to prolong your immunity phase. While some vaccines do stimulate "long" antibody generation via affinity cell development your antibody production does wane in time while your immune system works less effectively as you get older. So people vaccinated decades ago - myself included - are more than likely not still immune. Safer to simply assume thusly.
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  252. Now there are. At the time of the last epidemic however while vaccines were in the final stages of development none had been approved.
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  253. It is not necessary to embarrass yourself via inference. Just say "I am ignorant of the facts". I assure you it is that obvious.
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  254.  @timhufnagel7462  lol! Gotta suck - all that paranoia. Also for future record. Vaccination science = is global. So it is not a company saying a thing = but the totality of global medical/science communities. Better luck next time. Enjoy your conspiracies - and the likely worthless "internet expert" claims which clearly drive it.
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  255. Covid is endemic now owing to millions of unvaccinated as well as it being a zoonotic pathogen which has now jumped into other species. Polio is a result of unvaccinated and international travel. The Poliovirus can survive in the environment for up to 2 months and is spread via excretion - hence it turning up in sewer systems. This strain was a result of the old OPV vaccine which the US has not used for 20+ years - meaning it came from overseas. In exceedingly rare cases - literally one out of millions - a person who takes OPV can develop a mild case of Polio known as cVDPV. They shed it into their environment where once again unvaccinated might acquire it. This can only happen if people are unvaccinated otherwise those rare cases would stop with the person in question.
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  256. Imagine that = wrong on all counts........ 🥱
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  257. As an aside. Think about the proscriptions enumerated in Hammurabi's Code - then think about when they date to. Now think about = the "10 Commandments". Moral of the story: the Commandments appear to be a "Christianized" version of some of the old Babylonian code proscriptions. When one considers how the Babylonians controlled parts of what would become the "Jewish homeland" - upon which the Christian religion was based - then one sees the stereotypical "overlap" encountered between differing cultures for which the beliefs of one can insinuate themselves into subsequent cultures which follow. The Christian Flood story as another example dovetails into the older Akkadian account. So these ancient codes and beliefs over time were adapted into what followed such as has become part of mainstream religions today. 🤔
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  258. Yup. Unlike many vaccine-preventable illnesses which are airborne = Poliovirus infects your intestinal tract. So the vaccine was ingested rather than injected as that is where the virus replicates. As Mary Poppins famously sang: "a spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go down......" 🍬
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  259. No = not quite. You are confusing "mRNA" technology for "recombinant viral vector" technology - which is what some modern vaccines use. The Ebola vaccines are a modified vector technology. mRNA = introduces a segment of RNA which causes the cell to generate proteins which mimic the morphological shape of the antigenic proteins/peptides found on the surface of a viral pathogen. Thus upon this segment entering the cell the ribosomes will produce corresponding segment of proteins similar to those found on the viral capsid. These exit the cell to generate an immune response. "Recombinant viral vector" = takes the gene responsible for antigen expression in your viral pathogen = and introduces that into an innocuous "vector". So now when the vector is introduced into the body - after attenuation - it enters the cell and causes copies of itself to be produced. The vector itself however is not dangerous while it has on its surface the antigenic structure needed for your immune system to generate corresponding IgG antibodies - which are what give you immunity. As an aside. There are also recombinant vaccines which cut up a viral pathogen to obtain the needed antigen and that is artificially reproduced. Then it is purified and used to create a vaccine along with an adjuvant to stimulate a local inflammatory response. Your immune cells reacting to the adjuvant encounter those antigens and react much as if a virus having the same on its surface had invaded your body. 🤔
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  260. It may be a perfect "nature" bioweapon = but not necessarily a good manmade one. The reason is that humans do not directly transmit it which is a key variable for bioweapon use. You must be exposed to the spores directly. Simply being around infected people is not enough. So it is effective as an agent for direct use such as area denial. It lacks the capacity for continual transmission however like you see with a virus which spreads from person to person. Also unlike viruses it can be treated with antibiotics.
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  261. Magnets attract or repel each other for no other reason than = that is the nature of their electromagnetic properties. Similarly a virus has no "consciousness of action". It simply exists and will be drawn - like a magnet - to cells which its shape and properties allow it infect so as to replicate itself. A fire will burn until such time as it runs out of oxygen and/or fuel to consume. Similarly a virus will replicate so long as it has cells to infect and the host's immune cells does not stop it. Living or dying does not come into the picture really. Viruses so lethal as to rapidly kill their hosts before they can spread would via the laws of evolution = burn themselves out. As such the viruses out there actually reflect ones capable of easily spreading - yet not so patently virulent as to kill their hosts before they can repeat the process. So do not "anthropomorphize" here via ascribing human "intent" to a virus. This is a simple chemical/biological reaction in play. A bacteria will replicate until it runs out of resources - read energy - to allow more replication. Similarly a virus will spread so long as it has a host to infect to keep itself going.
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  262.  @boblaryson3621  Think "keys". A virus can only infect cells whose cellular membrane is conducive to the structures on the surface of the virus attaching onto it so as to inject its genetic material into the cell. So like a lock = only a specific key will fit. Moral of the story: viruses and bacteria whose structure is such that they can attack our cells are considered pathogenic. As you noted there are lots of viruses are out there = but only certain ones have the right "key" to access our cells. The ones who do not can not harm us as they are unable to use our cells to replicate themselves. They are simply identified and removed by our immune cells if they access our circulatory system. What makes us sick is when the organism can replicate out of control to cause metabolic disruption.
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  263. Smallpox was eradicated decades ago....... - and there were no antiviral treatments then.
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  264. Wrong..........but thank you for playing. On a side note. Argumentum ad ignorantiam makes for a poor argument. I will leave you with the famous query Mark Lehner asked of Schoch long ago when he first made his silly claim about the Sphinx - and which Schoch has yet to answer = "where are the shards???" Better luck next time.
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  265. Actually you allude to the real crux here. Far too many only think in terms of "mortality". While people dying is always a paramount concern the real metric for infectious disease epidemiology is = "morbidity". So the true "cost" of infectious diseases are not the unlucky ones who die. It is the totality of the spread and what follows. A million cases of Measles is still a million cases even if "only" 5K people ultimately die.
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  266. 🤣 There's always one.......... 🥱
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  267. A person infected with Polio will cease to be infectious after a month to 6 weeks. Yet the virus can survive outside the body for up to a 2 months. That is what made it so infectious as people would shed it into sewage and water sources where it would infect others. Polio is almost gone from the world however - thanks to mass vaccination. It is only seen now in Pakistan and Afghanistan in those mountainous areas where communal water sources - polluted as noted - are still being used. If they would but vaccinate than Polio would be gone from the world the same as Smallpox.
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  268. Yes. Every nation has "proving grounds" which are typically some remote location where munitions can be tested away from populations.
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  269. Meanwhile you have no right to be in OUR public space. I guess you'll be ordering out a lot from now on........
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  270. Their analogy as you alluded to is therefore such horrible diseases are apparently = "God's" will....... - which then begs to ask is such a deity worthy of adoration. 🤨
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  271. Poliovirus in acquired via = ingestion of contaminated water typically. The recent outbreaks have been limited to communities where large numbers of people refused to vaccinate claimed religious reasons and who upon catching Polio contaminated their local environment. While Poliovirus can survive in the environment for 2-3 months it requires the person to ingest it as it replicates in your intestines. So as long as you drink water from treated sources + you wash your hands regularly and are not around a lot of unvaccinated people your chances of exposure are infinitesimal.
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  272. 🙄 Color me skeptical........ p.s. - in 2016 when there was an outbreak of Ebola in Sierra Leone = there was no Ebola vaccine available yet....
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  273. Some attempt to argue thusly based upon reported symptomatology. There is a problem however = when he developed his condition and the nature of that. GB often follows a respiratory infection. It is not recorded that FDR manifested such an illness prior to the onset of his symptoms. Also he developed his illness = in early August. So once again that is outside the normal seasonal range for respiratory illness epidemics in the Northeast US. It does however correlate with = Polio outbreaks. In so much as Polio is spread most typically from contaminated water sources and was most prevalent during summer months when people visit beaches and lakes then the timing and lack of a concurrent respiratory illness makes GB questioned. It is "possible" to develop it absent a contributory respiratory illness - of course. GB as a general rule however is often preceded by a URI and is seen during seasons when these are prevalent. FDR never recovered whereas most GB patients do. He might have represented the small number who manifest lifelong neurologic loss of course. So there are arguments on both sides. 🤨
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  274. TB poses a significant public health threat - not merely because of the virulent nature of the organism itself = but owing to our response to the same. Treatment of TB involves a months long course of medication - and people tend to be very "haphazard" about things. Ergo they might begin a course of therapy to eventually become lackadaisical leading to their either halting their medication or not taking it as directed. That leads to resistance and subsequently more virulent forms of the disease. 🤔
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  275. The gallbladder is not needed as it really is little more than a storage sac. The bile it holds - which is what the bacteria colonized - is actually made by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. So had she simply had her gallbladder removed she could have lived a normal life - but she refused. The bacteria colonize the gallbladder so that when she ate it was shed into her colon as bile was released and then out into the environment when she used the toilet. Then - as now - many did not wash their hands afterwards = which is how she spread it around.
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  276. Yes. Some viral pathogens are "human specific" - with Poliovirus being one. This means the virus evolved to only infect people. Thus it can not exist in nature anymore like say the Influenza virus can which can infect people as well as other species. So if people would simply vaccinate against these human specific viruses = they would be cut off from their hosts and eventually become eradicated entirely as happened with Smallpox. There are 3 strains of Poliovirus in the world. Thanks to mass vaccination = 2 of the 3 are now gone while the last strain is only seen in the mountainous areas of Pakistan and Afghanistan where conflict and a unwillingness to vaccinate prevents its elimination. 🤨
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  277. Ah..........no = but thank you for your attempt at facts and logic. As an aside. Smallpox disappeared from the world more than 40 years ago and it has not "re-emerged" yet......... 🤨
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  278. Blame the same ones who also caused the Measles epidemic a few years ago.
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  279. There are still some of us who were vaccinated against it as children as back then Smallpox had not been eradicated and still have our pockmark - though they can fade over time. So the vaccine opponents of today by and large grew up in a world where vaccine-preventable illnesses are rare or absent altogether. This makes their opposition myopic and the threat "abstract" in their minds as they have no living memory of "the bad old days". There are likely doctors in the US who have never seen a case of Measles etc. given how rare they have become whereas as a child such things were commonplace. That shows how superficial thinking the vaccine opponents are as they have no sense of history and tend to think only of themselves rather than others. C'est La Vie
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  280.  @gamefixxer5974  Both are zoonotic pathogens and both arose from species man regularly interacts with and consumes. That coincidentally is usually how it is done. About 75% of infectious viral diseases which afflict man came from other species owing to wet markets and commercial food production. Influenza often arises from porcine and avian sources whereas Coronaviruses are prevalent in bats which are routinely consumed in Asia and Africa. They spread of course owing to human interaction given our today large communities and immigration and business travel. Asia happens to be the largest landmass on the planet which still contains "wild areas" as well as a business hub for the world + it is where most of the world's population resides. So lots of infectious diseases begin in Asia to spread abroad = it is simply a matter of geography and population density.
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  281. Ignorance begets ignorance ad infinitum - especially if someone can profit from said ignorance. So vaccine opposition is very much a business these days as well as a misguided belief based upon said ignorance. Its continued presence among us speaks very much to the reality that most of the world today despite all our advances remains very much rooted in "ignorance" in general - and ignorance of science specifically. As always sunlight is the best disinfectant. So the solution to ignorance = is understanding - meaning education. Enjoy your day.
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  282. Key word in your post = "summer". Polio was primarily spread during the warmer months as that is when people as you alluded to got together to go to public parks and swimming etc.. Poliovirus is most spread via = infected water/sewage systems. People infected will contaminate a water source and proceed to infect their environments because the virus can survive for up to 2 months outside of the body. You became infected by ingesting the virus and shed it via your intestinal tract - meaning using the bathroom. As most people do not wash their hands or their bottoms afterwards....... 🤔
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  283.  @beccapeck5102  Dunning-Kruger is the new sign of our times. The internet has allowed people to supposedly "self-research" = except in matters of science a requisite background level is often required to actually understand a thing. Thus people as the saying goes often end up learning "just enough to get them into trouble" not really understanding a thing and yet formulating superficial inaccurate assumptions nonetheless. We also ironically enough suffer from vaccine's effectiveness. Haven grown up in a world were Smallpox was still around and there were periodic outbreaks of Measles etc. = we could see and understand the threat. Today in many places vaccines have reduced the incidence of these illnesses such that the threat becomes "abstract" for those who have never seen a case of Measles etc. and what they can do to a community. 🤔
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  284. Actually it is not so much as the virus mutates as people whose immune systems are impaired in some manner are unable to defeat the attenuated virus in the vaccine. That can in very rare instances set up "subacute infections". Normally in these rare instances the virus if the individual is around vaccinated people would simply stop there. Unfortunately Poliovirus however is hardy and can exist in the environment for up to 2 months. So it becomes possible - though still exceedingly rare - for these individuals infected with "cVDPV" to contaminate their local water/sewage systems as the virus is shed via the GI tract. In other words infected people pass the virus when using the toilet and via that and touching surfaces with their dirty hands can contaminate their environments. If they live around lots of unvaccinated people - as is the case in the places you noted - they can see others become infected as well. All this is easily avoidable if people would simply vaccinate + they use the modern "inactivated" vaccine rather than the older oral one. Many Third World nations still employ the old OPV vaccine because it is cheap - pennies a dose. For many years the WHO and NGO's have tried to encourage use of the newer IPV vaccine via negotiating for lower prices and donating supplies of it. cVDPV can not happen with the IPV vaccine - only the older oral one.
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  285. If you are vaccinated you have nothing to worry about. As an aside. GB uses the inactivated Polio vaccine which is injectable. It can not give you Polio. Meanwhile "wild" Polio only exists today in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Also poor Third World nations use the cheap oral vaccine which can in rare instances cause a person to develop Polio. Ergo = it was imported from somewhere. As long as everyone is vaccinated it will not spread and eventually the virus will die out.
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  286. Nice example of a non-sequitur. Last time I looked all the patent nostrum panacea rubbish peddled by the so-called "alternative medicine"/homeopathy industries = was not free. So people are paying for these supposed alternative treatments as well with the difference of course being that = modern allopathic medicine is regulated and has a better track record of efficacy. So you know that what you pay for is what you actually get and its comes with proven efficacy. You can not say the same for the supposed alternative. p.s. - to "cure" a thing means to eliminate its cause. Most idiopathic diseases which afflict man have no single etiology - if their origin is even known. So if you can not eliminate carcinogens etc. from the environment + you can not identify susceptibilities in each individual which might predispose them to an outcome = all you can do is to treat what might follow. People live longer today than they did a century ago = thanks to modern medicine. That is quite a contrast to the centuries of so-called "alternative medicine" use which yielded people dying in the 30's or whatever. Think harder.
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  287.  @gregjames9875  So argumentum ad nauseam is it. 🤭 Repeating a claim over and over again does not magically make it true. Perhaps one day you will come to understand this fact In matters of science = erudition and understanding are what matter and not what some convince themselves of via purported "self-researching" of internet nonsense. Degrees from the "University" of Fakebook/YT...... count for little here. You have shown us your understanding is lacking by your inability/unwillingness to articulate why what you claim is supposedly true. 🥱
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  288.  @gregjames9875  Hurtling questions of me which are not germane to the subject - nor lend any validity to your assertions - does not alter what was said. It is obvious you have no understanding here as I noted. That is not ad hominem = but observable fact. So thus far I see nothing to indicate a desire to rectify that underlying problem. Everything to date are attempts to justify the ignorance rather than expand one's understanding. Let us know if and when you genuinely desire to understand a thing. 🥱
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  289.  @gregjames9875  No response to what I noted huh. Accordingly I can deduce you have no understanding of microbiology - but I do. You have no understanding of physiology - and hence immunology or infectious disease pathophysiology.......but I do. No understanding of the nature of epidemiology either then........ = but I do. So the vaccines were created based upon the original variant of Covid = except it has mutated - and continues to do so. That of course can be commonplace for zoonotic viral pathogens such as represent about ~75% of the infectious diseases which afflict man. This means the current variants in circulation having mutated to alter their antigenic "protein spikes" now allow them to attach more readily to the various cellular membranes to infect those cells + to transfer their DNA better + and having picked up a Furin Cleavage Site to allow Furin which your body is chock full of and which acts upon proteins to facilitate said better binding to cells = generating an exponentially higher viral load as a response. More viruses in circulation = more antibodies required of a more accurate nature to counter that. Think guards. If you are attacked by 3 thugs - you respond by hiring 5 guards. If you are then attacked by 15 thugs...... = you need more guards - read antibodies. Still all is not lost. While the antibodies generated by the vaccines are not a perfect match they can still act to help attenuate the viral onslaught while the action of the vaccine in stimulating an immunological response helps to "prime" the immune system towards a similar invader upon exposure. So you may still catch Covid - with enough exposure - but you tend to get less sick because your immune system is already activated against a similar viral agent. Meanwhile as noted unvaccinated lacking that = are the easiest to infect and tend to shed the most viruses making them the main infectors of others. So even with a vaccine which is not "100% effective" at stopping infectious - an unrealistic expectation as noted = it can if enough are vaccinated still help to reduce local morbidity levels. Less infected = less transmission = eventually the chain of infection halts because = a virus can not maintain itself absent "a host". There is your free lesson on immunology and infectious disease epidemiology. Perhaps you should learn the science after all. 🤔
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  290.  @gregjames9875  Round and round and round you go = oblivious to what others noted. How sad.
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  291.  @gregjames9875  Digging the hole deeper now I see. So now you rationalize the deaths of innocents whose only "crime" is getting older and often being exposed by selfish egocentric individuals who are loathe to seek genuine understanding and who suffer from a dearth of empathy for others. So here is a freebie for you: Benefits from Immunization During the Vaccines for Children Program Era — United States, 1994–2013 "To summarize the impact of the U.S. immunization program on the health of all children (both VFC-eligible and not VFC-eligible) who were born during the 20 years since VFC began, CDC used information on immunization coverage from the National Immunization Survey (NIS) and a previously published cost-benefit model to estimate illnesses, hospitalizations, and premature deaths prevented and costs saved by routine childhood vaccination during 1994–2013. Coverage for many childhood vaccine series was near or above 90% for much of the period. Modeling estimated that, among children born during 1994– 2013, vaccination will prevent an estimated 322 million illnesses, 21 million hospitalizations, and 732,000 deaths over the course of their lifetimes, at a net savings of $295 billion in direct costs and $1.38 trillion in total societal costs. With support from the VFC program, immunization has been a highly effective tool for improving the health of U.S. children." Excerpt from an epidemiological report. As we see the "impact" of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases on society across the socioeconomic spectrum is not limited to the actual deaths they cause. They rather cost society writ large = a massive amount of money and resources dealing with all that illness as well as the direct impact of deaths - and people who do not die yet end up with lifelong health problems. So people as always only see what they want to see instead = of what is actually there before their eyes. Look harder.
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  292. No - Outbreak was fanciful rubbish........ = watch "Contagion" as that was a more realistic take on the emergence of a new novel viral pathogen. A lot of what was in the movie = was what happened with Covid.
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  293.  @HumorousLOL  So what do you know = more fanciful rubbish...... - not going too well for you is it. So here is your freebie: Ebola makes you contagious = AFTER you are actively symptomatic - by which time you are rapidly incapacitated..... Ergo Ebola despite having a high mortality rate as hemorrhagic fevers do = is not especially infectious. You can sit next to someone who is "prodromal" and not catch it. The "it goes airborne and wipes out a town" is Hollywood nonsense.
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  294. It would be ever better if you could show what he supposedly got wrong via credible evidence......... 🥱
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  295. Dunning-Kruger - it is the sign of our times. Social media is actually fomenting "social de-evolution" instead of benefiting mankind. The internet allows imbeciles to believe they are suddenly experts based upon their desire to believe it and excessive consumption of what they "want" to hear - rather than credible evidence and logic. Kinda sad really.
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  296. Polio has not changed. For some years now "wild" Poliovirus - WPV1 - has only existed in 2 countries = Afghanistan and Pakistan. It remains there owing to the mountainous regions involved + the tribal nature of those who live there + and conflict in the areas. The rest of the world has been free of Polio for a while now. p.s. - there remains incidence of cVDPV in places owing to the continued use of OPV. Those cases are rare however and typically limited. Because the older oral Polio vaccine is very cheap many countries continue to use it. Because it employs an attenuated virus rather than a dead one = occasionally a person who takes the vaccine develops a mild case of Polio as a result. The problem is their immune systems rather than the vaccine per se. Most will defeat the weakened organism while a few may not.
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  297. "Transmissibility" Ebola = zoonotic virus which is ONLY spread via contact with infected fluids. Further to be infectious a person must be actively ill - at which point they are typically incapacitated. SARS-CoV-2 = zoonotic virus which is spread by BOTH contact and airborne transmission. Further people infected with Covid are infectious BEFORE they manifest any symptoms so as to know they are even ill. Final thought. While both viruses are zoonotic = SARS-CoV-2 has already made "the jump" into multiple species besides man. Further despite multiple vaccines being available there are still sizeable populations who either can not access them - or simply refuse to. This means there are countless millions of unvaccinated people around the planet who provide the virus "free real estate" to spread and mutate along the way. 🤔
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  298. So millions dead from Covid is not a big deal then??? For most rational people millions dead would rate a global catastrophe. Also people living or dying from vaccine-preventable illnesses is more indicative of socioeconomic variables. Things like access to healthcare and the level of that care weigh heavily in who lives or dies = whereas becoming infected or not is the real metric of vaccine effectiveness. Vaccines help to reduce incidence and thus the impact of that presence of these infectious diseases in the public space. What follows that presence has nothing to do with the vaccine. You're missing the forest for the trees as the saying goes. Ebola has a high mortality rate = but it is not very infectious requiring direct fluidic contact to catch it. Influenza is highly communicable despite having a "lower" mortality rate compared to Ebola. So if you have a thousand cases of Ebola and 50 million cases of Influenza = which is the greater impact??? Ponder that if you will.
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  299. Wow....... = an actual botski....... 🤭
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  300. Odd.......not really 🤭 - in that everything you wrote = is wrong - except for the OPV being given via sugar cubes. Poliovirus being an enteric pathogen which is ingested to infect the cells of the intestinal tract requires the individual to consume it. The liquid vaccine medium is added to sugar cubes so that children will readily take it. As to the rest of your conspiratorial nonsense = Pffft! Perhaps you should have first learned of what you "try" to speak to before spouting off. It tends to save a lot of embarrassment. 🤔 p.s. - do not think I failed to notice how your account "just happened" to be fairly recently created - as soooo many of the sockpuppet troll accounts who attack videos like this one are.
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  301. Countries are actually groups of people = and people sadly can sometimes be self-consumed idiots who only care about wealth and power. Even today there are still "cultural Neanderthals" in the form of dictators walking among us who cling to anachronistic worldviews dreaming of "Empire" etc. The world moved on = but they did not - hence we must continue to be wary until such time as mankind finally grows up. 🤷
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  302. If she would have had her gallbladder removed = her problems would have been over. The bacteria colonizes the intestines - specifically the bile which is stored in the gallbladder. She refused to have the surgery and thus spent the remainder of her life in quarantine. 🤨
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  303. Lay off the Crack as it clearly is impacting your cognition - and not in a good way........... 🤦
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  304. Not necessarily China as much as = Asia writ large. So high population densities + wet markets and ancient (unsanitary) food handling practices + increasing encroachment into previously wild areas by humans = zoonotic pathogen transmission.
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  305. Upon becoming infected - hence "colonized" - she could have had surgery to remove her gallbladder. Then she would not have had to spend the rest of her life in quarantine as she did - but she refused. Once colonized she became a source of infection for others - washing her hands notwithstanding.
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  306. It has already mutated. Also "Bird Flu" obviously came from = birds....... So the Influenza virus being "zoonotic" is capable of jumping between various species to eventually jump into man as numerous other species of that virus have done. As an aside. About 75% of viral pathogens which afflict humans = came from other species. Because we consume them + live alongside them and encroach into wild areas which are their home they eventually "jump" into human populations.
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  307. Because of a conflict which compels them to access contaminated water sources. Polio is primarily spread via contaminated water/sewage systems. Had they been vaccinated prior they would have probably been okay. If Polio turns up that means unvaccinated who caught it to the contaminate their local area.
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  308. Remember where they were and the timeframe. Modern asepsis techniques did not become widespread until AFTER the HIV epidemic of the 70's-80's. Prior to that people often did not wear gloves and sterilization in "underdeveloped areas" like the Congolese jungle was hit & miss.
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  309. 🤣 There's one in every crowd..... Also as a historical aside. The rise of all this "Kemetism" pseudohistory nonsense dates to the 1960's-70's following the civil rights movement in the US. It was a "feel good" attempt on the part of some. It also coincidentally was the butt of comedic satire as well. Comics like Richard Pryor used to do routines about these "black nationalists" while movie actors like Bill Cosby incorporated this nonsense into movies via their belonging to "temples" and wearing a Fez. 🤭
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  310. "Mamma says that stupid is as stupid does" - Forrest Gump Moral of the story: spend your days listening to what passes for "conservative news" in the US and you may find yourself believing the world is flat + that secret cabals who eat children rule the world + and a host of other imbecilities. lol! Simple things for simple minds after all.
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  311. First is that immunity is not hereditary. Most immunity you develop in life as a response to being infected with something will be temporary. After a time depending upon many variables your antibody generation usually wanes leaving you vulnerable again. So regardless of what the parents were immune to their child when born is born with essentially "a blank slate". It obtains some antibodies prior to birth but since the mother's immune system created those rather than the child's they will in time break down leaving the child only it's underdeveloped immune system to try to protect it.
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  312. 🤭 There's always one......... Let me guess = a Faux News drone....... Perhaps you should read up on their Dominion settlement...... They admitted via their very own texts/emails that they purposely lie to their viewers because they fear they might change the channel if told the truth + their stock prices would drop as a result........... Garbage in --------> Garbage out - it never grows old. Amazing how gullible some people are. 🤷‍♂
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  313. Usual reasons = fear/ignorance/scientific illiteracy....... These are behind most societal problems in human history. Moral: people are like electricity in that they will take the path of least resistance. It is far easier "to assume" - even poorly - than to make the effort to learn and understand. It is simply human nature.
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  314. Born stooopid - or dropped on your head as a baby........ 🤦
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  315. 🤭 Good science fiction = bad science...... Any viral pathogen spread via contact which acts in such a rapid manner will not spread as in the movies. Unlike say an airborne spread illness which you can not see coming at you = infected are readily identifiable and dealt with. p.s. - this is what coincidentally inhibits Ebola from spreading out of control. The only reason it spread so much before was because of cultural practices of handling the infected/dead among people who were not educated about not touching them. Once they learned to avoid touching the sick = spread ceased.
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  316. "The road to Hell is paved with good intentions" Ergo it does not matter if she was as you say a "good person" if as a result of her intransigence and refusal to accede to medical advice she posed a threat to others. That becomes illustrative of what you noted = "selfishness". In her case the reason is as always - "ignorance". People who convince themselves they are right in matters for which they often are woefully ignorant are often the cause of many societal problems you will find. If she would have simply had her gallbladder removed she would not have needed to spend the rest of her life in quarantine. Whatever people may personally believe or not they have no right to potentially pose a risk to others via their action - or inaction. This is how it has always been. Not that long ago before we had antibiotics Lepers were driven from their communities and forced to live apart owing to the risk they posed to others. In matters of infectious disease the threat to the group supersedes any purported "individual rights". 🤔
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  317. A cutaneous lesion with a mild fever and malaise is hardly the end of the world......... Yes Smallpox was a horrible disease and the world is better off without it. 🤨
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  318. It just goes to show that the ability "to breed" = does not a responsible parent make...... So let us hope you do not make the same mistake since you were lucky enough to make it.
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  319. Ah....... - no. Afraid not. Smallpox was officially declared eradicated in = 1980. No - it has not come back as if it did it would burn through the world like a wildfire. Perhaps it is time for you to change professions to make such glaring errors.......... - just saying.
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  320. She was "a carrier" and thus she would have continued to infect others because she refused the treatment = removal of her gallbladder. The organism which causes Typhoid can reside in the gallbladder. Thus when the person eats and then defecates the organism is shed into the sewer system and gets onto their hands - where they spread it around. So she as you alluded to did not wash her hands back then as one should + she was continuously shedding the organism every time she went to the bathroom. Had she simply had her gallbladder removed she might have lived a normal life = but she refused - thus she was quarantined. 🤔
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  321. To add to that epidemiological experts having been studying Ebola for decades now feel the chances of it going airborne are slim to none. We as humans appear to be = a mistaken host. All the strains of Ebola out there - and even ancient Filoviruses in the archeological record which go back millions of years coincidentally - seem to indicate that the virus's original host was probably = bats. Moral: for Ebolavirus to make the jump to airborne would require assistance. It appears to have began in bats and was subsequently spread to primates - which is probably where man picked it up from. Yet because it is so virulent killing most of the infected this makes spread and mutation difficult. It is hard for new more virulent strains to arise in a virus which already kills most of those infected. Because Ebolavirus is only infectious when the person is showing symptoms - at which point they are rapidly incapacitated - and you require fluidic contact at this stage = it does not readily spread among humans. The only reason it spread in Africa is because of cultural practices of families handling the bodies of the dead. Once locals were educated and stopped this practice = epidemics cease.
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  322. Wrong. Perhaps in the future it is best not to speak as "we" in matters which are clearly about = "you". Just saying......... Moral of the story: when those vaccines became available like the MMR etc. = "we" flocked to get them......... That tells you that contrary to your revisionist history "we" actually recognized the need for said vaccines and availed ourselves to them. If people did not feel the need the vaccines would never have been developed + people would not have lined up to get them. Perhaps it is time to review history a tad more "objectively". 🤔
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  323.  @kevinstreeter6943  Anecdotal evidence = is merely evidence of anecdotes. So rather than "generalizing" so as to assume = educate yourself. Here is a freebie: Benefits from Immunization During the Vaccines for Children Program Era — United States, 1994–2013 "To summarize the impact of the U.S. immunization program on the health of all children (both VFC-eligible and not VFC-eligible) who were born during the 20 years since VFC began, CDC used information on immunization coverage from the National Immunization Survey (NIS) and a previously published cost-benefit model to estimate illnesses, hospitalizations, and premature deaths prevented and costs saved by routine childhood vaccination during 1994–2013. Coverage for many childhood vaccine series was near or above 90% for much of the period. Modeling estimated that, among children born during 1994– 2013, vaccination will prevent an estimated 322 million illnesses, 21 million hospitalizations, and 732,000 deaths over the course of their lifetimes, at a net savings of $295 billion in direct costs and $1.38 trillion in total societal costs. With support from the VFC program, immunization has been a highly effective tool for improving the health of U.S. children." Excerpt from epidemiological report - and evidence as to why anecdotes are of no value in consideration of impact of infectious diseases across the socioeconomic spectrum. It is not what "you see" = but what you do not that usually reflects the totality of a situation. As we see above those "innocuous" vaccine-preventable diseases are far more impactful than you assumed. It highlights what would have happened absent intervention of vaccination programs. Dig deeper. 🤔
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  324. "Peasants" stooopid enough to believe what you rant here = deserve to be controlled as clearly their cognitive capacity is lacking. Such imbeciles might trip over their own shadows causing society writ large to have to care for them for the rest of their lives. 🥱
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  325. Clearly you do not understand the economics of infectious disease epidemiology.
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  326. In how many people........... = you "conveniently" overlooked that part. 🥱 Moral: ALL attenuated vaccines have the potential to trigger a subacute infection in susceptible individuals....... What matters then is such occurs = exceedingly rarely - as in one case out of millions of doses of vaccines administered. That makes the risk infinitesimal. When balanced against the reality of numbers simply infected as the infectious disease spreads through a population then your "risk" becomes a non-issue. It simply means the individual's immune system for some reason failed to destroy the WEAKENED virus as is normally done and they developed a typically MILD case of the infection. Yet these same individuals if simply exposed would be viewed among those who became infected to generate adverse outcomes as the problem is not the vaccine = it is their immune system..... You should have learned the science instead of creating sockpuppet accounts to spread fear and innuendo.
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  327.  @Jumanji98  I so rarely get a chance to say it but here we go: That was a spectacularly moronic statement.......... Moral: please invest in a cranial helmet - fast....... I'd hate to see you trip over your shadow on a Sunny day to injure yourself given your display here of "logic" on par with a developmentally disabled 2 year old........ 🤦🤷
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  328. It is a foolish and ultimately dangerous assumption on the part of the vaccine opponents because Poliovirus can survive in the environment for up to 2 months. Thus Polio is not typically spread person to person as say Influenza might be = it rather is usually spread via contaminated water/sewage sources. So you pick it up from your environment via ingestion making vaccination all the more important. 🤔
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  329. Yeah...........because growing up in a world where people are not crippled by an infectious disease - all thanks to a vaccine - is worse than a handful of imbeciles who understand neither science nor what they "think" are their supposed rights. If these myopic egocentric anti-vaccine imbeciles had their way we would still be buying iron lungs in bulk. Simple things for simple minds I guess. 🤣
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  330.  @ronc7743  My My - you do seem to relish embarrassment. 🤭Round and round and round you go unable to move beyond your preconceptions and unwilling to confront the possibility of error of the same. That coincidentally is illustrative of = "ideological fanaticism" such as currently afflicts a subset of the political discourse in some nations today. People sooooo consumed with what "they want to believe" that they are unable/unwilling to move beyond their often superficial - and manifestly incorrect - assumptions. C'est La Vie
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  331. Not really. There tends to be an inverse infection paradigm for infectious pathogens. The ones which tend to be the deadliest tend to spread less easily than ones which - while still potentially lethal - tend to spread very easily while most recover with it being a matter of how sick they end up. So a truly deadly airborne pathogen with a high mortality rate would in the area of its initial spread kill off large numbers of infected. That would trigger a global lockdown much as happened with Covid which would limit its spread in time. Covid spread as it did because we lacked a vaccine + many infected were asymptomatic + most of the world at the time lack basic mitigation strategies like masks etc.. If as you say however it is exceptionally deadly = people seeing that will react differently - especially having gone through a pandemic already. 🤔 p.s. - probably the worst infectious disease from an epidemiological standpoint is = Influenza. While most recover its "net impact" worldwide is enormous infecting billions every year and causing a huge socioeconomic toll for society writ large from a healthcare standpoint + lost work productivity etc..
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  332. Sad but true. The frenetic far-Right of the political spectrum in the US has allowed itself to become consumed with paranoia leading to their embracing of what amounts to "willful ignorance". They represent the old adage: "cutting one's nose off to spite their face." Viruses of course do not care what your ideological worldview is. They exist solely to spread and thus it becomes a simple issue of = what if anything do you do to try to halt said spread and protect yourself - and others. The latter is key by the way. The QOP is not merely consumed with willful ignorance - but also with rank egocentrism. For them it has become a "I-ME-MINE" issue with their not caring about anyone else. Have a nice day.
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  333. Yes unfortunately as it was entirely preventable. The Polio cases in the US - Polio has not been seen there for decades - is entirely due to unvaccinated. If the community in question was not largely unvaccinated no cases would have occurred from the exposure.
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  334. 🤦 You mean women who were usually illiterate and who caught Cowpox without an inkling as to the nature of what was wrong or any possible interpretations for it....... - those women.
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  335. The sugar cube vaccine is an attenuated vaccine. It is actually a liquid and a drop is placed on sugar cubes to make it taste good for children. Because it is attenuated - hence the virus is alive but weakened - it must be given orally. The Poliovirus infects the cells of your intestinal tract which is how you catch it. So the only route the vaccine works is via ingestion as that is how people catch Polio = from infected water sources.
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  336. Seeking to gain knowledge is always laudable. One must be careful however that the information one is accessing is credible considering there is soooo much trash on the internet. The internet "world" is full of people who assume they understand things via supposed "self-researching" when they actually understanding little to nothing because they lack the knowledge base to discern between what is credible and what is not in matters of esoterica. Science is such a field. So enjoy learning = but stick to credible sources of information like this channel. Understand the concept of Dunning-Kruger Effect whereby people assuming are actually wrong - yet they do not understand this fact because they lack the understanding to recognize it. In other words you read some supposed science conclusions online ------> assume it to be true -----> yet you lack a background in it = so you do not understand why your assumed validity is actually wrong. DK leads to circular reasoning built upon poorly formed assumptions. Enjoy your day.
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  337. So many words when all you needed to say is: "I am ignorant of what I "try" to speak to - and my rant reflects this." I assure you it is that obvious......... 🤫
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  338.  @didyasaysomethin2me  🤣 "There are lies - damn lies = and statistics" Ergo I believe the term you were searching for is "educated" - or "erudite" if you prefer. That you once again fail to articulate anything whatsoever to indicate understanding of the science here speaks volumes.
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  339.  @didyasaysomethin2me  Argumentum ad ignorantiam is sooooooo mundane after all - as are conspiracy theory allusions. So how about a consolation prize. "WHO" is the main customer of vaccines??? Further "WHO" dictates the price they will pay for those vaccines??? When you can intelligently answer those questions you will hopefully see the woefully nonsensical basis of your rant here. I am not hopeful - but it is always possible. p.s. - do not think I failed to notice how you failed to articulate how the science here you infer as incorrect was supposedly the case. In so much as I actually studied said science = please feel free to articulate what is supposedly incorrect and why??? I look forward to your nonresponse. 🥱
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  340.  @didyasaysomethin2me  You didn't answer my questions - as expected. 🤣
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  341.  @didyasaysomethin2me  regale me with your understanding of infectious disease pathophysiology and the concepts behind infectious disease epidemiology............no??? Thus far all I see are trite inferences of "internet research" and a lot of conjecture. I assure you I do not need to "internet research" as I rather spent years learning the science here. Ergo it falls to you to provide proof of concept for your obvious assumptive-based claims here. If it is plausibly correct vis a vis the concepts behind vaccine employment - I will know. p.s. - methinks you might want to familiarize yourself with the concept of Dunning-Kruger. It is a logical/cognitive pitfall most commonly seen today among individuals who = "self-research" online when they lack the requisite knowledge base from which to discern what is credible and what is not in topics viewed as "esoteric". You can start with explaining how vaccines supposedly induce viral resistance considering they actually help reduce morbidity which is an instrumental component of the requirement vis a vis viruses' need to infect hosts so as to potentially mutate in the first place. 🤔
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  342.  @didyasaysomethin2me  So no evidence then. lol! As noted I have no need of internet searches since my degree in an applied science field = allows me to understand the science here - which you obviously do not. Let that be a lesson then. Yes you have "an opinion" - which you expressed. Alas........it proved to be incorrect for the reasons noted. So do not get pissy because you were shown to be in error in your assumptions = learn from the exchange. In matters of science it often requires more than "self research" for understanding as it can as we see lead to poorly informed assumptions. Here endeth the lesson.
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  343. Correct. It was initially built too steep coupled with a poor foundation as the ground at Dahshur was not conducive to supporting a large heavy stone structure. That is why at Giza the pyramids were subsequently built upon the bedrock itself using larger stone blocks while they followed standardized angles of assent for their sides. The Egyptians were big on "recycling" in that when they found something which worked they usually applied it going forward. Corbelled halls and chambers are an example of this.
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  344. Not necessarily. You are generalizing on what is actually a multi-factorial process. How long a countermeasure like a vaccine takes to develop is contingent upon what is known about the pathogen + how it acts in the body + and any previously existing technology which can be applied towards a new application. Here are 2 examples: 1 - the HIV virus attacks your immune system itself. You meanwhile rely upon that immune system = to defeat infectious pathogens. So it is exceedingly difficult to craft a vaccine - which requires your immune system to work - when what is being defended against disables that same immune system. Thus 40 years later = no viable HIV vaccine as yet. 2 - when the Model T Ford first came out it was years later before new model automobiles began to be produced. Today meanwhile mechanical engineers can push out new model cars sometimes every year or two = how??? Answer: by applying what was known from previous automobile technologies and adapting that to some new variation...........so it is with vaccines. Moral of the story: if you understand the structure of a virus and what part it uses to attack your cells - called antigens + you are able to replicate those in some form either via artificially reproducing them in a lab or modifying a "vector" via CRISPR to manifest those antigen structures = you can plug that into some "vaccine model" based upon previously proven vaccines to yield something which can work. They are not necessarily "starting from scratch" all the time you know. We've learned quite a bit about vaccine development the past 50+ years.
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  345. 🤣🤦 Someone needs to stop mixing Tranq with Crank = and get some fresh air........ You wouldn't by any chance be searching for "Q" would you........ 🙄
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  346. If she had simply had the operation to remove her gallbladder - where the bacteria colonizes in the body - she might have lived a normal life. She refused of course believing she was not responsible and hence spent her life in quarantine as she remained a public health threat. Remember what Mr. Spock famously quipped: "the needs of the many........."
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  347.  @Booksandlemonade  It is simply human nature. In the US many sadly fall into the description of: "scientific illiteracy." Like the Romans of old who fell into decadence the culture of the US has slid into = "endless distraction" - it now being an entertainment-based culture. Moral: people are like electricity in that they will typically take the path of least resistance. Hence it is far easier to assume than to make the effort to educate oneself so as to understand. Being ignorant of the science + of history + and having access to the internet and cable television which perpetuates A LOT of nonsense = yields woefully "distracted" and uneducated individuals on this subject. Dunning-Kruger is the bane of our times.
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  348. There are numerous "pox" viruses out there. Monkeypox is merely one of them and has been around for a long time. Air travel has allowed it to "jump" from Africa where cases normally occur to hit other countries. Sexual promiscuity meanwhile has allowed it to spread. Luckily it is less contagious and virulent than its cousin Smallpox.
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  349. Your incredulity is your problem and not the world's. Smallpox prior to its eradication infected worldwide typically 15-20,000,000 people annually - while killing usually 20-30% of those infected = hence 3-4,000,000 dead each year globally.
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  350. Just as ignorance of the law is no excuse = so ignorance about public health measures for which information is ubiquitous is also not a valid excuse. Any questions vis a vis vaccines can be easily had from numerous credible public health sources - both online and in local communities.
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  351. Prove it......... Otherwise all labs in the world per a joint agreement destroyed any samples they had decades ago save for the CDC and Russia. p.s. - there are many "pox" viruses in the world and they are not all the same. So only Smallpox matters and not its "cousins".
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  352. The Russian vaccine was developed in response to earlier vaccine attempts following the Ebola outbreak in West Africa - making it "a knock-off" if you will. Further it has only been tested on a small number of people in clinical trials and is only licensed for emergency use = in Russia. Ervebo on the other hand created by Merck is licensed for use in the US and EU being recognized by the WHO as a safe and effective vaccine. It has been employed in actual epidemics in Africa and has subsequently been administered to tens of thousands of people demonstrating its efficacy. So no one is "hiding" anything. There are several vaccines available today but not all as noted have been subject to the rigors of actual field testing and subsequent licensure in the global market. 🤨
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  353. G and this channel are censoring comments as usual. Yet = look at the comments which get through the filters.......... That tells you everything you need to know as to the nature of "preferred commentary". Post something substantive and meaningful - and scientifically accurate - and you'll likely be censored. Post misinformation/disinformation and toxic speech however........ 🤔
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  354. You mean = at least the parents acted rationally...........rather than listening to supposed "friends" on Fakebook/Instagarbage/Twit-R who try to second guess experts when their own supposed knowledge is exactly squat. 🤣
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  355. Ah.........no. Poliovirus was typically = ingested - via contaminated water sources and contact with infected surfaces to then ingest it. So it spread mostly in warm weather = because people then were in close contact. The virus replicates in the GI tract and is spread via = excretion. This is why the older oral Polio vaccine is eaten on a sugar cube rather than injected as the modern vaccine is. The virus is eaten and it tries to infect the intestinal tract much as occurs when you are infected normally. So people who did not wash themselves very well after using the toilet and who went swimming in lakes/ponds/pools could potentially contaminate those sources. Then those who followed invariably ingested some of that contaminated water - the same as contaminating a well source in some village etc. - to become infected. Unlike other viruses Poliovirus can remain active in the environment for 2-3 months after it is released. 🤨
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  356. Poliovirus is most typically spread via contaminated water/sewage systems as the virus is ingested unlike others which might be inhaled. Further the virus can survive for weeks outside the body. So cases of Polio would spike in the summer months because that is when you see people congregating at beaches etc.. or pinicing and so forth so that the virus can be shed and others exposed. It is the reverse of say airborne spread viruses like Influenza which peaks in the winter as people then are shut up in houses and offices. 🤔
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  357. Why did the Egyptians create mummies and place them in tombs??? Answer: they believed that their body was required for the afterlife + they tried to protect it from destruction/violation. Thus in so much as leaving mummies in the ground will often result in their destruction from the environment and/or things like insects then removing them to a museum where they will be protected and professionally preserved = facilitates what the ancient Egyptians were trying to achieve. p.s. - Tut's mummy actually IS in his tomb by the way. While other mummies have been removed to museums - his tomb being a protected site has his mummy still in it. It is sometimes removed for study = and returned. Also they created a duplicate tomb which is for tourists to visit so that his will not be damaged from the traffic of so many people visiting it.
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  358. Poor assumptions invariably lead to poor conclusions. So a person with Ebola is not infectious until they are symptomatic. By that point = they will already be largely incapacitated. Thus they will not be walking around using public restrooms etc.. Further you must come into contact with their infected bodily fluids. In other words they are flat out + oozing from their pores and body orifices = and THAT is what you must touch to become infected.
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  359. Ah.......no. The risk from biological warfare comes from rogue actors and not developed nations per se. Anyone who knows anything about it understands that it has no real practical value on the battlefield. It simply complicates the situation and hampers command and control by compelling military forces to operate under poor conditions. So biological weapons are primarily weapons of fear rather than practical use and they are only really are effective against unprepared targets = meaning civilian populations. This means the ones most likely to use them = terrorist States. We must therefore alway be prepared for eventualities we ourselves would never contemplate. Sad to be sure - but reality is often not very fair. 🤨
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  360. Anti-vaccination = is a business.......... - one which works hand in glove with the so-called "alternative medicine"/homeopathy industries. So RFK jr. like all anti-vaccine cretins seeks to cash in via peddling hysteria and selling worthless supplements and panaceas. That is their business model......
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  361. September 4, 2024........ = that is all the "wondering" required here........... p.s. - you sockpuppets should learn how to read as I exposed this little trick below....... 🤣🤦
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  362. The only Covid vaccines which employ the actual Covid virus are the Indian and Sino ones which are "inactivated" - read a dead virus. So to answer your question = it depends upon what type of vaccine you are attempting to make as there are different "models". That is a good thing by the way as not all vaccine models are conducive to use everywhere. The mRNA vaccine models require special storage and handling requirements not plausible for use in say parts of Africa etc.. Meanwhile a simple inactive vaccine which can be stored for weeks in a home refrigerator is better suited for use in underdeveloped areas where infrastructure is lacking. Thus depending upon the type of vaccine determines what is required to generate it. There were already samples of the Covid virus available after it first was seen. Since then other variants are also identified and thus would also "be on ice". They are useful as far as learning the viral structure and testing of vaccines against it = but you do not need them to actually produce the recombinant DNA vaccines which are made via CRISPR. Only the inactive vaccines need the virus which is artificially replicated and used to create vaccine. The "modified vector vaccines" use an Adenovirus while the mRNA ones use the gene found in the Covid virus responsible for antigen creation which has been slightly modified to lessen its reaction by the body. To introduce raw mRNA into the body would trigger an inflammatory cascade by the immune system - aka "cytokinetic storm". So the strand has had some nucleotide analogs inserted into it so reduce the chances of that occurring and it as well is artificially reproduced in large amounts. It still is structurally similar and thus yields antibodies which match up to the actual Covid virus as evidenced by their high efficacy rating = 95%.
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  363. Actually birds are an excellent vector as the capacity to infect other species - aka "zoonosis" = insures the pathogen stays put. Infectious pathogens which can only infect and thus spread via humans can be obviated when humans employ mitigation measures and even eradicated altogether as Smallpox was. Zoonotic organisms however always have a vector in nature which makes them impossible to eradicate = and thus more dangerous for man. The ability to jump between species also amplifies the risk for mutation.
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  364. Wrong. There is ample evidence linking the Great Pyramid to Khufu - to include contemporaneous evidence in the form of the diary of Merer. He was one of those who shipped the white Tura limestone to Giza used as casing stones on the pyramid. He refers to the pyramid as "Akhet-Khufu" and he named Khufu's half-brother Prince Ankhhaf as vizier in charge of construction at Giza. Also why the portcullis antechamber made of granite + the granite blocking plugs - still in place = if not a tomb????? As to your supposed "evidence" about the Egyptians finding them = Pffft! Garbage in --------> garbage out. So much for dates with "French models" found on the internet........... 🤭
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  365.  @bradbrandon2506  3 posts = nothing actually said. Just parroting of old talking points no one takes seriously. So here is a freebie. Anyone can claim something as supposed fabricated. To make it real however = you must prove the fabrication occurred + preferably show "why". Moral of the story: your incredulity means little I'm afraid. The diary is real until proven otherwise and it provides contemporaneous evidence relating to Giza and Khufu's pyramid to include referencing his family as noted. p.s. - here is another freebie. Early tombs like pyramids had accompanying = mortuary temples. Thus it was in the temples where references to the Pharaoh was found and not the tomb as that would come later. Khufu's mortuary temple was destroyed when the Old Kingdom collapse. Fragments of it exist however such as one showing him perform the Sed Festival. So if you are going to "opine" on a subject - perhaps you should first do some research. Just saying.
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  366.  @sc3639  Again with the paranoiac claptrap.... - you're on a role. Clearly you need to lay off of something given your warped sense of reality whereby you probably check under your bed at night to make sure some imaginary boogerman is not hiding there.
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  367. Whatever you thought you said = try again. How does one obtain samples from an individual who does not even know they were exposed?? You would have to take samples from large numbers of people to determine if they show antibodies - and even then it is questionable as to why they are seropositive. Also there is an Ebola vaccine which has been undergoing testing since the Ebola outbreak in Africa several years ago.
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  368. Actually like you see today in the US vis a vis people denying scientific reality and evidence = she refused to believe. She could have had an operation to remove her gallbladder where the bacteria colonized her gut and hence not have had to live the rest of her life in quarantine - but she refused.
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  369. Ebola is not especially communicable and hence can easily be controlled. You can stand next to someone with Ebola = and not catch it........
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  370. If Smallpox ever came back it would burn through civilization like a forest fire and likely cause millions of deaths. While we have a Smallpox vaccine available - like with Covid the world's population has no immunity and Smallpox makes you infectious before you know you are ill. So it would not be an "apocalypse" - but it would certainly be a calamity of epic proportions. 🤨
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  371. So no understanding of the science then - got it.
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  372. What makes you think they did not know. von Braun was one example was a prominent former Nazi scientist who went on to help create NASA - which was widely in the news of the era. So Americans of then would have been happy to have scientists working with them rather than the then Soviet Union who also scooped up former scientists - though they lived under far less ideal circumstances in the Soviet Union.
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  373. Yes. He understood that armies often suffered worse from disease than bullets. He also knew that Colonial America periodically incurred Smallpox epidemics - as happened by the way. A large Smallpox epidemic as one example swept through Colonial America in the early 1790's. The city of Philadelphia - the then capital of the new US - created a quarantine facility on an island in the Delaware River. All inbound ships to the city were stopped and anyone infected was detained on the island to try to prevent spread into the city.
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  374. 🤦‍♂ Lay off the Tranq as it clearly is adversely impacting your ability to inject with the world around you in a normal manner........ - just saying. p.s. - if Smallpox was back we would know it. It would spread like a forest fire akin to what Covid did and hundreds of thousands of not millions would probably be dead by now.
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  375. Immunity from vaccination wanes over time. The ACAM2000 vaccine used by the US military is recommended to have a booster shot every 3 years as needed for high risk exposure. As to using it for a weapon. Biological warfare is overhyped. As Covid showed viruses released into the general population tend to mutate and thus vaccine-induced immunity can be neutralized in time. It took years and a global effort to eradicate Smallpox before. It would be insane to reintroduce it.
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  376. Amazing in that despite everything you said = you actually said nothing. So who's displaying the real "verbosity" now....... 🤫
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  377. Unfortunately what you were immunized against back then for the most part = has long since worn off....... The simple reality is that immunity as a rule is transitory. Some pathogens being highly virulent can cause affinity cell formation to occur which results in prolonged antibody generation. Yet without subsequent exposure at some point down the line that antibody generation can wane. Most infections however yield temporary immunity. Also as you age your body begins to work less effectively to include your immune system. So it can less readily deal with infections the older you become. So studies to determine how long your body generates antibodies against say Measles as an example were done long ago when Measles was still fairly commonplace. In the intervening years it has become far less prevalent such that people vaccinated long ago who 20 years later still had high antibody titers were probably re-exposed via community exposure at some point - which is like getting a booster shot. Add another 20 years with no further community exposure however and those levels are likely less. So best not to assume you are protected as a result of vaccinations decades ago. Just saying 🤔
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  378. Yes. Polio like Smallpox would be eradicated by now if people would simply vaccinate. The outbreaks you infer were due to anti-vaxxers in combination with importation of the virus from overseas where the older oral vaccine is still in use.
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  379. I think you mean = how intelligent of them.........
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  380. Unvaccinated I'm afraid - as is typically the case. Poliovirus can survive in the environment for up to 2 months. People shed it via using the toilet - hence why it turns up in sewer systems. Though exceedingly rare - literally 1 case out of millions of doses administered - occasionally someone who takes the old oral Polio vaccine can develop a mild case of Polio. So the strain which turned up in the US among unvaccinated is such a strain - cVDPV. Someone overseas where OPV is still used - it hasn't been used in the US for more than 20 years - developed a mild case of Polio. They upon coming to the US spread it into the local environment where others caught it. What is important is if these communities were not largely unvaccinated = none of this could have happened.
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  381. If you refer to Monkeypox they are not comparable. Smallpox being airborne spread was a lot more infectious and hence harder to stop. Monkeypox is primarily spread via close physical contact and almost all of the cases are coming from a small subset of the population making it easier to stop.
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  382. Why vaccinate against a pathogen which no longer exists in nature??? Also how could you be sure that all the samples were destroyed as Russia after all has a looooong history of lying and doing covert things?? Finally in an age of genetic manipulation it becomes theoretically possible that the virus might be recreated by someone. Thus = we hope it remains gone and we keep samples in the event a vaccine must be adapted at some future point. p.s. - "lifetime immunity" is a bit of a misnomer. People vaccinated against Smallpox as some were long ago have long since lost that immunity. If Smallpox were to be used today it would burn like wildfire through the global population as few today save for researchers and some military who still vaccinate against it have any immunity. So immunity lasts for years in some cases = but not indefinitely.
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  383. What a feeble argument.......... Moral: an ESL course might assist you here - as would actually understanding. The topic is = "Ebola" - which is an infectious disease......... Now the infectious disease Ebola is caused by = Ebola Virus - which is a virus. You should have learned the science.
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  384. Here is a novel idea. First take an ESL course before you go off on grammatical dumpster fire rants online......... 🤨
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  385. Ah...... = no. If you do not understand the science here then simply say so and others can help with you that. Absent that perhaps it would be best not to broadcast your poor assumptions - just saying.
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