Hearted Youtube comments on Into Europe (@IntoEurope) channel.

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  15. Several point of interest: 1. China account for 95% of the world Rare Earth supply was based on a study back in 1980s which several things has drastically changed, in 2000s, the official reserve number is 528 million tons, while in 2009 that number decreased to 185 million tons 2. Additional survey on previous uncharted area such as the EEZ of Japan has proven there are abundant rare earth supply, as the demand and price increase, we should expect to see more and more previously unknown mining area within horizon. 3. The word 'reserve deposit' is a somewhat tricky terms, within EU border, there are in fact quite some large scale LREEs deposit, in Northern Spain and Poland and North sea as well as EEZ of Portugal but due to environmental regulation or government policy, mining in those area are either economic non viable or forbidden and therefore excluded in the data 4. Rare earth indeed provide China a leverage, but so far not a very effective one, the 2015 TWO rule out in EU, Japan favor against China limitation on element export, and lets not forget China rely 100% on ASML EUV lithography systems that is why the the embargo on China in 2019 nearly bankrupt the tech giants. 5. the Belt and road initiative has engulfed China own fiscal strength as well, their intention is to expand influence indeed but there is a reason why World Bank of the West did not invest in those developing countries either the ability to repay the investment or simply geopolitical stability, take Congo as an example, they recently revoke the copper mining right of a Chinese firm after the Chinese promise of funding on local hospital has not meet the schedule.
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  34. Excellent video Hugo thanks for sharing this. I’m myself a Swedish small scale livestock farmer and have been thinking about these issues for several years. It’s just like you said, these new policies introduced last year are driving farmers in two completely different directions. In the 60s and 70s farmers were basically told to produce as much food as they could by having subsidies coupled to production. The 80s brought about a quota system limiting production to stop the butter mountains and lakes of olive oil flooding the market. The 90s brought about a shift from price support to income support, ie direct payments based on the amount of land in production. Ultimately changing the priorities of producers and leading to the 80/20 ration you mention. Now, post COP21 the union is scrambling to move the sector in a new direction and fast resulting in a clash of paradigms that we are currently seeing. Apart from the regional differences that can easily be pointed to with for example nitrous oxide limits in the Netherlands to cheap grain flooding the Polish farmers. There are deeper systemic and cross cutting concerns that I think brought farmers to the streets in this capacity. It’s the feeling of being at the end of the line. The old timers (avg age of farmer in EU is over 62 have seen it he following trend through their lifetime. Falling incomes and rising costs. inequitable pricing structures across the food chain. lack of level playing field when it comes to ag imports. dissatisfaction with european negotiations on cheaper imports. A rapidly changing international context making markets and pricing increasingly volatile and risky. Increased bureaucratic burdens and even more too down demands with no or little tied compensation. At the same time the young farmers trying to get established in the sector see a lack of future prospects, and with the insanely high capital intensive start up cost coupled with even uncertain and rapidly changing pricing structure for both input and output it’s just too risky to pursue a life as a food producer. Another salt on the wounds is the huge problem that the profits of food production don’t lie with the farmer but at the retailers and input end (fertilizer and pesticide producers). there needs to be a redistribution of profits so consumers aren’t only ones that have to bear the load of increased food prices. While farmers are loosing money the retailers downstream and input producers upstream are getting away with insane profits. All the while banks are making out like bandits on the interest payments from the debts of farmers. The problem is not the commission has proposed stricter environmental demands that are slowly creeping into the system. Many farmers do care and want to see more biodiversity on their farms and want to adapt and transition to climate resilient production methods. But to do that costs money. And the demands now posed on European farmers have been unrolled to quickly and been too ambitious with not enough proposed funding. These protests are very important because they are shaping the direction of the future EU farming policies and the farming sector. However with the looming elections this summer this is going to be an issue for the next elected mandate. It’s easy to understand why farmers have a deep sense of being stuck under the thumbs or large corporations up- and downstream dictating their costs and incomes as well the beurocrats not willing to share in the burden and risk of being a food producer. And the irony is that the people hit first by the consequences of climate change and a decrease in biodiversity, which these environmental schemes try to address is the farmers themselves. I believe they want to move in a greener direction but we are not willing to carry the entire burden and do it alone. We demand that others take responsibility for their part in making this happen for everyone. As long as the farmer feels as if they are loosing at the benefit of others, farming in Europe will never be able to be part of the solution it needs to be. That’s just a sad fact. These protests need to show everyone how sick the system is and urge everyone, from consumer to policymakers and food producers alike that we need to have a deep and serious discussion of how we realign our cultural values about food and food production. Subsidies are just one tool. The deeper work of healing our food system is a ginormous undertaking but one future generations will thank us for doing.
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