Comments by "H. de Jong" (@h.dejong2531) on "Aftermath of the Biggest Volcano Eruption Ever Caught on Tape from Space - Tonga" video.

  1. Volcanos don't produce that much CO2 (1% of human emissions in an average year). There'll be a small effect on this year's average temperature (-0.1 ºC).
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  2. this video does not show details smaller than 500 meters. So you can see clouds, geography, but not small items like ships or missiles.
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  3. this video does not show details smaller than 500 meters. No missile is that large. And the video shows photos taken at 10-minute intervals.
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  4. That's nightfall.
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  5. don't be ridiculous. There would be radiation alarms going off everywhere. This volcano has had 5 eruptions in the last 10 years, and it's been active in the week before this big eruption.
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  6. There's no such thing as a 'heat molecule'.
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  7. All large explosions have similarities (they all produce a mushroom cloud, for example).
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  8. No, this is what happens naturally with a volcano.
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  9. this video has a resolution of 500 meters/pixel, and it consists of images taken 10 minutes apart. So you're looking at a cloud that's 1-2 km wide.
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  10. The current estimate is that this year's average temperature will drop by 0.011 ºC because of this eruption. We'd need a far larger eruption to counter the warming effect of our CO2 emissions.
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  11. this video has a resolution of 500 meters/pixel, and it consists of images taken 10 minutes apart. So you're looking at a cloud that's 1-2 km wide. That's not a missile entering the water, that's small-scale volcanic activity producing steam before the main explosion.
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  12. All large explosions look like that: the mushroom shape is caused by hot air rising in the middle, which causes the colder air around it to rush into the middle.
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  13. This volcano has erupted 5 times in the last 10 years, and it was active in the days before the explosion.
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  14. yes.
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  15. this video does not show details smaller than 500 meters. No missile is that large. All we have is one frame showing a cloud that's 1-2 km wide.
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  16. These are weather satellites. They don't need continuous video, one frame every 10 minutes is enough. The imaging system that takes these pictures, cycles through 16 filters to get details you can't get with an RGB camera. Then there's bandwidth: these images are 10k x10k pixels. Streaming that at 24 fps would take a lot of data.
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  17. on the list of things we do that influence our climate, space tourism is way down in the noise.
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  18.  @deozeo4442  Yes, all spaceflight is a bigger problem than space tourism alone. But, - it's still a small problem compared to e.g. aviation - with everything we do, there's a cost/benefit analysis. Each satellite we send up benefits us. Does that benefit outweigh the cost? I think so.
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  19. This volcano has had at least 5 eruptions in the last 10 years. It doesn't need our help.
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  20. Global warming is not caused by volcanoes. Volcanoes worldwide in total produce about 240 million tons CO2 annually on average. Human industry and road traffic produce 20 billion tons per year.
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  21. it's a figure of speech. These satellites use solid state storage.
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  22. That's nonsense. The volcano had been active since Friday; on Saturday a large part of the island disappeared in a landslide, which made the big eruption possible.
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  23.  @lynnB3159  that's incorrect. They take images at 10 minute intervals.
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  24. this video does not show details smaller than 500 meters. No missile is that large. All we have is one frame showing a cloud that's 1-2 km wide.
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  25.  @Ron-dt1cz  Something may be getting lost in translation. Heat is a property of a material: any molecule can be hot or cold. On an atomic level, this is the vibration level of the atoms. I've never seen a reference to a 'heat molecule', and I've studied physics.
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  26. And yet we can measure the movement of the tectonic plates.
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  27. Volcanoes produce little CO2. Most of that cloud is water vapor. Volcanoes worldwide in total produce about 240 million tons CO2 annually on average. Human industry and road traffic produce 20 billion tons per year.
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  28. This eruption isn't big enough to make a difference. Current estimate is that this year's average temperature will be 0.1 ºC lower than normal.
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  29. All large explosions have similarities (they all produce a mushroom cloud, for example).
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  30. volcanoes worldwide in total produce about 240 million tons CO2 annually on average. Human industry and road traffic produce 20 billion tons per year.
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  31.  @uio890138  If you have a closed system that can handle x amount of CO2, and you start adding (x*1.01) of CO2 each year, what happens? Yep, the atmospheric CO2 concentration starts to rise. This is not guesswork, we can measure this. At the same time, global average temperatures are rising in proportion with the CO2 we are adding to the atmosphere. That's not a coincidence, that's not a 'narrative', those are facts.  We know what sources of CO2 there are, and how much CO2 is produced by volcanoes. They don't produce enough to explain the increase in atmospheric CO2 we're seeing. The amount of fossil fuels we burn OTOH, does.
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  32. Volcanic eruptions produce far more SO2 than CO2. SO2 produces a cooling effect; the Pinatubo eruption lowered the average temperature by 0.6 ºC for 2 years. This eruption is much smaller, so the current estimate is a temperature change of -0.01 ºC for this year.
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  33.  @uio890138  Have you looked at the science? Because those factors are all taken into account. Natural temperature cycles happen over thousands of years. Our output is creating a temperature change over tens of years instead of thousands: a much faster change that nature can't keep up with.
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  34. this video does not show details smaller than 500 meters. No missile is that large. All we have is one frame showing a cloud that's 1-2 km wide.
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  35.  @theylivewesleep2623  there is footage from 2 geostationary satellites. Those are 36,000 km away from these events, and their maximum resolution is known (500 meters/pixel for both).
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  36.  @theylivewesleep2623  Yep. Science is better than guesswork.
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  37. That volcano has erupted 5 times in the last 10 years, and it was active in the week leading up to the big eruption on the 15th, including a big landslide on the 14th.
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  38.  @SeaJay_Oceans  Is there a sudden uptick though? I checked the statistics: for the past 20 years, it's been pretty constant at about 80 eruptions/year.
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  39. volcanoes worldwide in total produce about 240 million tons CO2 annually on average. Human industry and road traffic produce 20 billion tons per year.
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  40. this video has a resolution of 500 meters/pixel, and it consists of images taken 10 minutes apart. So you're looking at a cloud that's 1-2 km wide. This is consistent with small-scale volcanic activity before the big eruption, it's not consistent with a missile strike.
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  41.  @violetflame6596  The photos are timestamped. This satellite has been taking images every 10 minutes for years. You can also independently verify both resolution and timeframe, by counting the number of pixels (the original is a 10k x 10k image which shows the entire hemisphere with a radius of 12,000 km) and by e.g. measuring the shockwave (which propagates at a known speed).
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  42.  @violetflame6596  Did you see the part about independent verification? I don't have to trust anything to arrive at this conclusion, I'm using the exact same images you are. You are choosing to interpret the images as if they were high-resolution 24fps video, and I'm telling you that's not how this video was made. You're the one seeing things that are not there and calling them "facts".
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  43. volcanoes worldwide in total produce about 240 million tons CO2 annually on average. Human industry and road traffic produce 20 tons per year.
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  44. this video does not show details smaller than 500 meters. No missile is that large. All we have is one frame showing a cloud that's 1-2 km wide. The video shows photos taken at 10-minute intervals.
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  45. Random internet commenter thinks he's smarter than people who study this for a living.
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  46. we'd know by now from the fallout raining down all over the south Pacific.
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  47. Nothing to damage within 60 km.
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  48. As you can see in this video, our investment in space is enabling us to see Earth from a new angle, giving us information we never had before.
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  49. this video has a resolution of 500 meters/pixel, and it consists of images taken 10 minutes apart. So you're looking at a cloud that's 1-2 km wide.
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  50. This eruption isn't big enough to do that. Current estimate is that this year's average temperature will be 0.1 ºC lower than normal.
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  51. this video does not show details smaller than 500 meters. No missile is that large. All we have is one frame showing a cloud that's 1-2 km wide.
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  52. This is what a couple of amateurs with a background in science can derive from publicly-available information. Nothing sinister about it.
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  53. This eruption isn't big enough to do that. Current estimate is that this year's average temperature will be 0.01 ºC lower than normal.
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  54. That volcano has been active in the week before the big eruption. The day before the big eruption, there was a big landslide on the island. So it didn't need an asteroid to erupt.
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  55. The effect of this eruption on this year's average temperature will be tiny (-0.011 ºC).
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  56. The current estimate is that this year's average temperature will drop by 0.011 ºC because of this eruption. Predicting volcanic eruptions is difficult, because they are caused by processes inside the Earth's crust we can't monitor directly.
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  57. no. Waves that high would have wiped most of Tonga off the map. Actual wave height was less than 1 m. There's one source that claimed 15 m, but that was incorrect.
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  58. GOES W or Himawari-8, both are weather satellites.
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  59. Volcanoes produce little CO2. Most of that cloud is water vapor. Volcanoes worldwide in total produce about 240 million tons CO2 annually on average. Human industry and road traffic produce 20 billion tons per year.
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  60. whether it's audible or not depends on local circumstances. If you're behind a hill, you're less likely to hear it than when you're right on the coast.
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  61.  @MrEpic86  Depends where you are, it seems. SF Bay is mostly behind hills. By the time it reached Alaska, the sound wouldn't have been very loud, so it might have been drowned out by traffic. And are you sure nobody on the SF coast heard the sound?
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  62. This is a medium-sized volcanic eruption. They happen every 30 years or so. We were far away from 'getting wiped out'.
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  63.  @WahdatAlwojod  We measure the severity using seismic sensors: the eruption causes an earthquake that can be measured. The air pressure measured in the shockwave also gives us useful information. Eruptions this large are rare, that's true. Smaller eruptions are more common (80/year on average) so we have a decent amount of data to extrapolate from. And the nuclear tests in the 1940s-1960s gave us a lot of information on large explosions as well.
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  64. ​ @danielmconnolly7  The volcano is under water, and so is the lava.
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  65. This eruption isn't big enough to do that. Current estimate is that this year's average temperature will be 0.01 ºC lower than normal.
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  66.  @threwthelookingglass7194  The nice thing about science is that we don't have to guess. We can measure the volcano's output and make a pretty accurate estimate based on those measurements.
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  67. Current estimate of the effect on this year's average temperature is there'll be a tiny decrease, -0.011 ºC.
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  68. This eruption isn't big enough to do that. Current estimate is that this year's average temperature will be 0.1 ºC lower than normal.
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  69. volcanoes worldwide in total produce about 240 million tons CO2 annually on average. Human industry and road traffic produce 20 billion tons per year.
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  70. this video has a resolution of 500 meters/pixel, and it consists of images taken 10 minutes apart. So you're looking at a cloud that's 1-2 km wide.
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  71. this video has a resolution of 500 meters/pixel, and it consists of images taken 10 minutes apart. So you're looking at a cloud that's 1-2 km wide.
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  72. The eruption took out all of Tonga's internet links.
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  73. pretty much, yes.
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  74. Eruptions this size happen every 30 years or so.
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  75. no, a bit smaller.
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  76.  @bufordmaddogtannen5164  Show the data that confirms that, then. The actual effect of this volcano will be a slight cooling this year (-0.1ºC) due to the water vapor and SO2 produced.
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  77. this video has a resolution of 500 meters/pixel, and it consists of images taken 10 minutes apart. So you're looking at a cloud that's 1-2 km wide, not a missile.
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  78.  @_harbinjer  No, radiation is produced in all nuclear explosions. Splitting Uranium or Plutonium produces radiation itself, and the two 'halves' of the split atom are always unstable (=radioactive).
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  79.  @_harbinjer  I'm pasting that response when people see something in the video that isn't there. It's called pareidolia: the human brain tries to find patterns (e.g. movement) in video even if the source material doesn't contain any.
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  80. volcanoes worldwide in total produce about 240 million tons CO2 annually on average. Human industry and road traffic produce 20 billion tons per year.
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  81.  @TRANNYBASHER  it's pretty easy to measure this. Denying it based on no information at all makes no sense.
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  82. this video does not show details smaller than 500 meters. No missile is that large. All we have is one frame showing a cloud that's 1-2 km wide.
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  83. This volcano has erupted 5 times in the last 10 years, and it was active in the days before the explosion.
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  84. this video does not show details smaller than 500 meters. No missile is that large. All we have is one frame showing a cloud that's 1-2 km wide.
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  85. The net effect will be that this year's average temperature is lowered by 0.011 ºC.
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  86. no. It'll cause a tiny temperature drop this year, but nothing significant in the longer term.
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  87. most of the volcano is underwater, but there are 2 small islands on the edge. Too small to show up in these images.
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  88. this video does not show details smaller than 500 meters. No missile is that large. All we have is one frame showing a cloud that's 1-2 km wide. Also, the photos are taken at 10-minute intervals.
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  89.  @lynnB3159  what do you mean by 'how they managed to capture the explosion'? These satellites take a photo of the entire hemisphere every 10 minutes. They'll capture everything large enough to show up that happens to be visible when the picture is taken. Events shorter than 10 minutes are lost.
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  90. no. To get fallout, you have to have a nuclear reaction first. There isn't enough Uranium in the ground to do that.
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  91. this video does not show details smaller than 500 meters. No missile is that large. All we have is one frame showing a cloud that's 1-2 km wide.
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  92. All large explosions look similar. The mushroom effect is caused by hot air rising over the explosion site, which draws in colder air from the sides.
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  93. This volcano has erupted 5 times in the last 10 years, and it was active in the days before the explosion.
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