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  8. Purevjargal Puujee China: A New Cultural History - Sayfa 238 https://books.google.com.tr › books Cho-yun Hsu - 2012 - ‎Önizleme - ‎Diğer sürümler The Turko-Mongol Khitan (Qidan) arose at the end of the Tang, and in 938, during the Five Dynasties, Emperor Shi Jingtang of the Later Jin ceded sixteen northern prefects to them. From that point on, throughout several hundred years of the ... The New Encyclopaedia Britannica - 25. cilt - Sayfa 479 https://books.google.com.tr › books Encyclopaedia Britannica, inc - 2003 - ‎Snippet görünümü - ‎Diğer sürümler tribes of Tibet, such as the Hsi Hsia, and the Khitans (a Turco-Mongolian people from Manchuria) from raiding the borderlands and the local capital. The position of Yu- chou consequently became increasingly important. On the fall of T'ang ... https://books.google.com.tr › books The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History Touraj Daryaee · 2012 · History The Mongols were welcomed not only by the Muslims of the province but by the Turco-Mongol Khitans, who as ... Imagehttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk › Mongols... the mongols in iran - SOAS Research Online yazan: G Lane · 2012 · Alıntılanma sayısı: 11 · İlgili makaleler 8 Eki 2011 · the oxford handbook of iranian history ... Muslims of the province but by the Turco -Mongol Khitans, ... Imageeprints.lse.ac.uk › ...PDF Remnants of the Mongol imperial tradition - LSE Research Online yazan: IB Neumann · 2015 · Alıntılanma sayısı: 1 · İlgili makaleler The Khitans were a semi-nomadic Turko-Mongolian people that had established the. Liao dynasty, been displaced, and ... The Khitans are Turco-mongolic peoples
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  18. China: A New Cultural History - Sayfa 238 https://books.google.com.tr › books Cho-yun Hsu - 2012 - ‎Önizleme - ‎Diğer sürümler The Turko-Mongol Khitan (Qidan) arose at the end of the Tang, and in 938, during the Five Dynasties, Emperor Shi Jingtang of the Later Jin ceded sixteen northern prefects to them. From that point on, throughout several hundred years of the ... The New Encyclopaedia Britannica - 25. cilt - Sayfa 479 https://books.google.com.tr › books Encyclopaedia Britannica, inc - 2003 - ‎Snippet görünümü - ‎Diğer sürümler tribes of Tibet, such as the Hsi Hsia, and the Khitans (a Turco-Mongolian people from Manchuria) from raiding the borderlands and the local capital. The position of Yu- chou consequently became increasingly important. On the fall of T'ang ... https://books.google.com.tr › books The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History Touraj Daryaee · 2012 · History The Mongols were welcomed not only by the Muslims of the province but by the Turco-Mongol Khitans, who as ... Imagehttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk › Mongols... the mongols in iran - SOAS Research Online yazan: G Lane · 2012 · Alıntılanma sayısı: 11 · İlgili makaleler 8 Eki 2011 · the oxford handbook of iranian history ... Muslims of the province but by the Turco -Mongol Khitans, ... Imageeprints.lse.ac.uk › ...PDF Remnants of the Mongol imperial tradition - LSE Research Online yazan: IB Neumann · 2015 · Alıntılanma sayısı: 1 · İlgili makaleler The Khitans were a semi-nomadic Turko-Mongolian people that had established the. Liao dynasty, been displaced, and ... The Khitans are Turco-mongolic peoples like xianbei,hazara and barlas etc. So it is possible the rulers of Qara Khitai and Liao Empire had Turkic origins
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  25. Nomado I don’t said Xianbei is Turkic,i said they were Multhiethnic because Xianbei spoke more than one langauge also Mete Khan is our supreme leader and nothing to do with mongolic peoples. Xiongnu(Huns)are Turkic by linguistically,genetically,culturally etc. Not mongolic Imageasianhistory.oxfordre.com › acrefore Xiongnu - Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History The European Huns, who originated from the Xiongnu Empire, are known to have spoken primarily a Turkic language, more specifically ... Imagehttps://books.google.com.tr › books The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity Oliver Nicholson · 2018 · History Scythia Scythia Term used by Greek and Roman historians for a large area stretching from the ... of the troops were barbarian foederation of Germanic, Turkic (“Huns and "Bulgars), and ... Imagehttps://www.oxfordreference.com › ... Huns - Oxford Reference (Οὐ̑ννοι), an Asian (possibly Turkic) people that appears in Roman sources beginning with Ammianus Marcellinus; it is generally accepted. Imagehttps://projects.iq.harvard.edu › ...PDF The Hunnic Language of the Attila Clan – Projects at Harvard - Harvard University 4 Ara 1982 · character of the Hunnic language has consistently held a central ..... Also, the Chuvash cult seems to include ancestral beings. Imagehttps://www.historyfiles.co.uk › Bar... The Origins of the Huns - The History Files Although in the past the Huns are thought to have been Mongolian emigrants, it is far more likely that they were of Turkic origin. From Cambridge Imagehttps://books.google.com.tr › books Scarcity and Frontiers: How Economies Have Developed Through ... Edward B. Barbier · 2010 · Business & Economics Similarly, the Parni Indo-European nomadic tribe invaded the ancient Persian Empire ca. ... the Chinese Qin and Han Dynasties and the alliance of Turkic nomads, called the Xiongnu people. From Oxford Page 116 2.Who are the Turkic peoples This great family of peoples includes the Huns,Khazars,Avars and Bulgar Turks of former times, The present day Turks of the republic of Turkey,the Uzbeks,Kazakhs,Azerbaijanis,Kirgizs,Turkmenis, Tartars,Bashkirs and Chuvash of the USSR,and few others. From Harvard Imagehttps://books.google.com.tr › books The Harvard Dictionary of Music Willi Apel, Don Michael Randel · 2003 · Music The constant incursions in the Han's northern and northwestern frontiers by the Turkic nomads known as Xiongnu (the Huns) necessitated Han ... Imagehttps://www.britannica.com › place The Steppe - New barbarian incursions | Britannica Even the language spoken by the Huns is in dispute, though most experts believe they were of Turkish speech. https://www.britannica.com/place/the-Steppe/New-barbarian-incursions From Harvard Page 73 The principal invaders in the north were no longer the Turkic Xiongnu, Page 61 Xiongnu-Turkish nomads https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=nBDC2cqb6I0C&q=Yan%27an&dq=related:ISBN0674054555&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=Turkish&f=false Hun - Wiktionary A member of a nomadic tribe, the Huns, most likely of Turkic origin, which invaded Europe in the fourth century from Central Asia. There are also ... China Reconstructs - 34-35. ciltler - Sayfa 7 https://books.google.com.tr › books 1985 - ‎Snippet görünümü - ‎Diğer sürümler Their language, like that of the Xiongnu, belongs to the Turkic branch of the Altaic language family. In very ancient times their ancestors were closely related to the Xiongnu. In the mid-ninth century they moved to their present home in the ... mageasianhistory.oxfordre.com › acrefore Xiongnu - Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History The European Huns, who originated from the Xiongnu Empire, are known to have spoken primarily a Turkic language, more specifically ... Imagehttps://www.oxfordreference.com › ... Hephthalites - Oxford Reference Inner Asian 'Hunnic' group (or rather dynasty), perhaps of Turkic origin, whose name appears first in 456; by 467 they had displaced the ... Hun - Wiktionary A member of a nomadic tribe, the Huns, most likely of Turkic origin, which invaded Europe in the fourth century from Central Asia. There are also ... ^ Carter Vaughn Findley: The Turks in World History, Oxford University Press, 2004, p.29 ISBN 0195177266, 9780195177268 "It has been widely held that the Xiongnu, or at least their ruling clans, had or were acquiring a Turkic identity, or at least an Altaic one. [...]. By the end of the Xiongnu period, however, the Altaic peoples would be the ones most identified with the equestrian culture earlier developed among the Indo-European peoples of Inner Asia. Furthermore, the earliest clearly Turkic peoples appeared on the peripheries of the late Xiongnu Empire. [...] If not their ethnic progenitors, then, the Xiongnu had manifold ties to the later Turks." ^ Carter Vaughn Findley: The Turks in World History, Oxford University Press, 2004, p.21 ISBN 0195177266, 9780195177268: "The Xiongnu have been widely, although not universally, regarded as precursors of the Turkic peoples ^ John Man, Attila: the barbarian king who challenged Rome, Bantam, 2005, p.62. University of Michigan. ISBN 0593052919, 9780593052914: "The Xiongnu also worshipped Tengri. A history of the Han dynasty (206 BC - AD 8), written towards the end of the first century by the historian Pan Ku, in a section on the Xiongnu, says, 'They refer to their ruler by the title cheng li [a transliteration of tengri] ku t'u [son] shan-yii [king]' i.e. something like 'His Majesty, the Son of Heaven'. In early Turkish inscriptions, the ruler has his power from Tengri; and Tengri was the name given to Uighur kings of the eighth and ninth centuries." ^ Yuri Pines, The Everlasting Empire: The Political Culture of Ancient China and Its Imperial Legacy, Princeton University Press, 2012, p.37. ISBN 1400842271, 9781400842278: "The nomads had their own concept of Great Unity: they believed that the high god of the steppe, Heaven/Tengri, confers the right to rule on a single charismatic clan. This notion had already emerged vividly in the Xiongnu empire, and it surely influenced the nomadic rulers of China in their endorsement of the Chinese idea of unified rule." Imagehttps://academic.oup.com › 4.pdf The Huns and the End of the Roman Empire in Western ... - Oxford Academic Journals yazan: P HEATHER · 1995 · Alıntılanma sayısı: 102 · İlgili makaleler 9 Şub 2019 · was given to the Oxford 'After Rome' seminar, and I ... guess would seem to be that the Huns were the first group of Turkic, as. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/hunnic-empire .
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  31. The Khitans were a semi-nomadic Turko- Mongolian people that had established the. Liao dynasty, been displaced http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/66009/1/__lse.ac.uk_storage_LIBRARY_Secondary_libfile_shared_repository_Content_Neumann,%20I_Remnants%20of%20the%20Mongol%20imperial%20tradition_Neumann_Remnants_of_the_Mongol.pdf (Cambridge University Press) http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.560.2362&rep=rep1&type=pdf https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=76QyCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA101&lpg=PA101&dq=&source=bl&ots=N6_RV_OH6B&sig=ACfU3U2os-Hrz9TwsJx3beoL9L4XSGHzyQ&hl=tr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiGqM-h4-btAhUKzqQKHekQAYgQ6AEwBnoECBkQAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false (Cambridge University Press) Tribus turco-mongoles nomades, originaires du bassin du Liao He, établies en Chine du Nord depuis le ive s. https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/divers/Kitan/127592 membre d'un peuple turco-mongol nomade, établi en Chine du Nord depuis le IVe siècle relatif à un peuple turco-mongol nomade, établi en Chine du Nord depuis le IVe siècle https://www.universalis.fr/dictionnaire/khitan/ and the Khitans (a Turco-Mongolian people from Manchuria) https://www.britannica.com/place/Beijing/History https://www.britannica.com/place/Youzhou Born into a noble family of the Qara Khitai, a Turco-Mongol people originally from Northern China https://www.oxfordreference.com/search?q=Qara-Khitai&searchBtn=Search&isQuickSearch=true http://oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t355/e0031 https://www.academia.edu/6703236/Powerful_Women_in_the_Ilkhanate The Turko-Mongol Qara Khitai, forced into exile from their lands in northern China by the Jurchens https://oxfordre.com/asianhistory/search?q0=Khitai The Mongols were welcomed not only by the Muslims of the province but by the Turco-Mongol Khitans https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/13395/3/Mongols_in_Iran.pdf (Oxford University Press) https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=KjQ_AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT317&lpg=PT317&dq=bl&ots=b7dwy_nqNA&sig=ACfU3U1thYC5-HH20qT31j_MoIzDgyZqRQ&hl=tr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi-7sCr4ubtAhUEH-wKHTIgDv0Q6AEwAHoECAEQAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false (Oxford University Press) The Qara Khitai are often referred to as " the infidel Turks ” ( kāfir al - Turk , al - Atrāk al - kuffār ) , or simply as Turks . https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=B934LaVBaz8C&pg=PA143&dq=CAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITYPRESS&hl=tr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiO2cXy-9XtAhUcBhAIHfHwBnMQ6AEwAHoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=Atrak&f=false (Cambridge University Press) https://www.academia.edu/43490170/The_Qara_Khitai The Khitans were a nomadic “Turko-Mongol” people. https://libraetd.lib.virginia.edu/downloads/h415pb10b?filename=1_Huang_Chih-Jung_2019_SJD.pdf The Turko-Mongol Khitan (Qidan) arose at the end of the Tang https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=a2_GQpLPPl8C&pg=PA238&dq=&hl=tr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjrs53v5-btAhWmmIsKHQeqDqgQ6AEwAXoECAYQAg#v=onepage&q&f=false (Columbia University Press) Their fall from power came at the hands of the Qarakhitai , a Buddhist Turko - Mongol nomadic confederation https://books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&id=Q-RtAAAAMAAJ&dq=INDIANAUNIVERSITYPRESS&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Qarakhitai (Indiana University Press) Whether it is from Song China or from the land of the Turkic Khitans ruled by the Liao dynasty https://books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&id=wgonAQAAIAAJ&dq=WAYNESTATEUNOVERSITYPRESS&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=+khitans Khwarizm Shah's struggle with the Ghuzz and the Qara - Khitai Turks provided an opportunity to the rulers of a small principality - Ghur — to extend their power . https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=yrrXAAAAMAAJ&q=OXFORDUNIVERSITYPRESS&dq=khitai&hl=tr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjasMKc-ObtAhVkx4sKHdINCnQ4FBDoATABegQICRAC “Dadan” was first used in the Song dynasty ( 960–1279) to refer to a Turco-Mongol people called the Qidan, who established a powerful empire https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=5cUVCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA153&dq=&hl=tr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjkgoLZw-7tAhWtpYsKHQNDDOEQ6AEwAXoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q&f=false (University of Washington Press) The Khitans are sometimes called Turko - Mongols , and their language proto - Mongol , suggesting that those two branches of Altaic https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=SQWW7QgUH4gC&pg=PA34&dq=s&hl=tr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjP4p6R4u7tAhXBvosKHQeyDrkQ6AEwAXoECAQQAg#v=onepage&q&f=false (Harvard University Press) The ethnical and linguistic affiliation of the Khitans is still not clear. http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Song/khitans.html Traditional Chinese scholars did not much care about such matters and just called them offsprings of the Xianbei 鮮卑, a proto-Türkic federation that had ruled the northern steppe in the 3rd and 4th centuries. http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Song/khitans.html Khwarizm Shah's struggle with the Ghuzz and the Qara - Khitai Turks provided an opportunity to the rulers of a small principality - Ghur — to extend their power . https://books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&id=yrrXAAAAMAAJ&dq=OXFORDUNIVERSITYPRESS&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=+Khitai (Oxford University Press)
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  35. 🤣🤣🤣🤣😹😹😹 keep dreaming about history Prof. Dr. Nicola Di Cosmo in: The Turks: Early ages, Part 4. Huns (Xiongnu): The Origin and Rise of the Xiongnu Empire, Y. T., 2002, pp.217-227, University of Michigan, ISBN 9756782552, 9789756782552 "There is not much doubt among historians about the Turkish nature of the Great Hun Empire, which ruled between 318 B.C. and 216 A.D., as well as that of its predecessor proto-Huns, whose presence was confirmed by Chinese sources. The Great Hun Empire, the Western Hun Empire and especially the European Huns were examined comprehensively by Western historians." The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. — Xin Tangshu, 232 only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82] Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車,[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異,或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu " According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19] Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85] Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86] Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90] Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands. — Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower English Hunnish Turkish Apple Alma Elma Khan Han Han Wolf Böri Börü/Kurt Hear İşit İşit God Tengri Tengri/Allah Mother Ana Ana/Anne Daddy Ata Ata/Baba Day Kün Gün Horse At At Moon Ay Ay Real Öz Öz Soldier Er Er White Ak Ak Black Kara Kara Eye Köz Göz Islak Yaş/Yeş Yaş Nine(9) Toğuz Dokuz Thirty(30) Otuz Otuz Sky Kök Gök Boy Oglan Oğlan Arrow Ok Ok Clan Bog Boy Man Beg Bey East Dogu Doğu Nice Kozal Güzel Water Su Su Go Kit Git Golden Altun Altın Diamond Almaz Elmas Thorn Tigin Diken Rose Kül Gül Head Baş Baş İron Timur Demir Collisions and trade with the Xiongnu , fierce Turkic-speaking nomads of the north and west, began in the life- time of Confucius. “The Emergence of an International System in East Asia.” East Asia at the Center: Four Thousand Years of Engagement with the World, by WARREN I. COHEN, Columbia University Press, NEW YORK, 2000, pp. 1–61. which is about the Han Dynasty general Su Wu, who was captured in 100 b.c. while on a diplomatic mission to the Xiongnu , a Turkic clan in central Asia. “FROM LUN ON AND LUN HOP TO THE GREAT CHINA THEATER, 1922–1925.” Chinatown Opera Theater in North America, by Nancy Yunhwa Rao, University of Illinois Press, Urbana; Chicago; Springfield, 2017, pp. 152–184. The principal invaders in the north were no longer the Turkic Xiongnu , whose confederation had broken up “Reunification in the Buddhist Age.” China: A New History, Second Enlarged Edition, by John King Fairbank and Merle Goldman, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts; London, England, 2006, pp. 72–87. They aii belong to the Yugus branch of the western Xiongnu group of the Turkic languages, which are part of the Altaic language family. “The Frontier Ground and Peoples of Northwest China.” Familiar Strangers: A History of Muslims in Northwest China, by JONATHAN N. LIPMAN, University of Washington Press, SEATTLE; LONDON, 1997, pp. 3–23. Prof. Dr. Nicola Di Cosmo in: The Turks: Early ages, Part 4. Huns (Xiongnu): The Origin and Rise of the Xiongnu Empire, Y. T., 2002, pp.217-227, University of Michigan, ISBN 9756782552, 9789756782552 "There is not much doubt among historians about the Turkish nature of the Great Hun Empire, which ruled between 318 B.C. and 216 A.D., as well as that of its predecessor proto-Huns, whose presence was confirmed by Chinese sources. The Great Hun Empire, the Western Hun Empire and especially the European Huns were examined comprehensively by Western historians." Land conl icts were also a factor in the frequent clashes from the third century BC onwards between the Chinese Qin and Han Dynasties and the alliance of Turkic nomads, called the Xiongnu people. In the third century BC, the Xiongnu bordered the northwest frontier of Chinese imperial lands, and controlled many of the key trading centers along the land-based routes of the Silk Roads all the way to the Caucasus Mountains. Barbier, E. (2010). The Rise of Cities (from 3000 BC to 1000 AD). In Scarcity and Frontiers: How Economies Have Developed Through Natural Resource Exploitation (pp. 84-156). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511781131.004
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  36. *Although in the past the Huns are thought to have been Mongolian emigrants, it is far more likely that they were of Turkic origin. This point has been repeated by thousands of historians, sinologists, turcologists, altaistics, and other researchers. Let me try to state how this idea began with Sinology researchers.[1] *Maenchen-Helfen (1973), 386-9, also thinks that these names are the Germanic or Germanicized names of Turkic Huns.[2] *The language of the Huns has always been classified in the Turkic linguistic family.[3] *In the 5th century A . D . the Danube Slavs had lived in symbiosis with the Turkic Huns[4] *One of the first and most ferocious of such Asiatic (Turkic) peoples were the Huns.[5] *A large number of many different Turkic tribes were called Huns.[6] *It is conceivable that the Huns (Ephthalites), who irrupted into Central Asia in the early fifth century, were Turkic.[7] *Probably a substantial group of Hunnish peoples spoke some form of Turkic, a subfamily of the Altaic languages.[8] *Danube used by a large number of Turkic peoples - including Huns, Avars,Bulgars,Cumans.[9] * Among them, the Vandals were East Germanic, the Suevi or 'Swabians' were Central Germanic, the Huns were Turkic, and the Alans were Iranic (like the modern Ossetians).[10] *Also, with the various Turkic tribes on the west; especially with the Huns.[11] *Historic Turkic kingdoms (the earliest being the Great Hun Empire from 200 B.C., which stretched from Siberia to Tibet,and the last being the Ottoman Empire founded in A.D. 1299),hinting at a racial side to Turkish identity.[12] *By the fifth century, the last of the Tocharians was driven from the region by nomadic Huns, possibly the earliest of many subsequent waves of Tur- kic invaders in Central Asia.[13] *Who are the Turkic Peoples? This great family of peoples includes the Huns,Khazars,Avars and Bulgar-Turks of former times.[14] *The principal invaders in the north were no longer the Turkic Xiongnu[15] *Horses were vital to maintaining Han military strength against the increasing nomadic incur. sions from the Turkic Xiongnu tribal armies along the northern borders and in the northwest.[16] *The constant incursions in the Han's northern and northwestern frontiers by the Turkic nomads known as Xiongnu (the Huns) necessitated Han military expeditions across the Pamirs into Central Asia.[17] * By the 5th century many of the troops were barbarian foederation of Germanic, Turkic (“Huns and "Bulgars), and, perhaps, “Slavic origins [18] * The fact that the Bulgars of Asparukh - whom we considered descendants of the Huns led by Irnikh -were Turks.[19] *While the Hun hords of Attila that tried to conquer Europe were surely Proto-Türks.[20] Sources: *1- The Origins of the Huns-The History Files *2-The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe(Cambridge University Press)-Page 177 *3-Russian Translation Series of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology 1964 (Harvard University Press) *4-Among the People, Native Yugoslav Ethnography: Selected 1982(Michigan University Press) *5-Byzantium: Church, Society, and Civilization Seen Through Contemporary Eyes(University of Chicago Press)-Page 332 *6-Eurasian Studies Yearbook Volume 74 Eurolingua, 2002 *7-Islamic Peoples Of The Soviet Un-Page 384 *8-The Saga of the Volsungs: The Norse Epic of Sigurd the Dragon Slayer(University of California Press)-Page 15 *9-The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelth Century(University of Michigan Press)-Page 25 *10-Vanished Kingdoms: The Rise and Fall of States and Nations *11-China ancient and modern-Page-55 *12-Turkey: What Everyone Needs to Know®(Oxford University Press) *13-Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia-Page 251 *14-Oxford Symposium on Food & Cookery, 1989: Staplefoods : Proceedings *15-China: A New History, Second Enlarged Edition(Harvard University Press)-Page 73 *16-Monks and Merchants: Silk Road Treasures from Northwest China ; Gansu and Ningxia, 4th - 7th Century ; [on the Occasion of the Exhibition "Monks and Merchants: Silk Road Treasures from Northwest China", Organized by the Asia Society Museum, New York, October 13, 2001 - January 6, 2002 ...] *17-The Harvard Dictionary of Music-Page 261 *18- The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity-Page 1346 *19- The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia Volume 1-Page 202 *20-China Knowledge-Xiongnu Agathias calls them Onogur Huns (3.5.6, Frendo (1975), 72). A recently published seal gives the title of a fifth-century lord of Samarkand as “king of the Oghur Huns." in Vaissière, Etienne de la (212). Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity: 5 Central Asia and the Silk Road. Oxford University Press. pp. 144–150. There seems no doubt today that the Huns were a Turkish speaking people . I︠U︡riĭ Vladimirovich Gankovskiĭ Thus the Huns , speaking Turkic , were where we expect Mongols today and were of white race . Carroll Quigley by that of the Turkish - speaking Huns Nancy Van Deusen, ‎Nancy Elizabeth Van Deusen For further discusssion on the possible Hunnic/Turkic origins of the Torcilingi see below. The Heruli, another people closely associated with Odoacer, are also noted for their cranial deformation (Hunno-Alanic custom) and the presence Notes to pages 96–9 233 of partially Mongoloid peoples and eastern ritual mirrors among them, all indicative of a strong link with the Huns, see Pohl (1980), 277. 73. Anonymus Valesianus 8.37. 74. Kim, H. (2013). Notes. In The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe (pp. 159-275). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511920493.008 The path was that taken westward by migrating Goths in the fourth century and then by Turkic -altaic peoples, including the Huns . “Bulgaria.” Fare Well, Illyria, by David Binder, Central European University Press, 2013, pp. 85–100. In the late fourth and early fifth centuries AD, a new force appeared in the steppes adjacent to Khujand—the north- eastern outposts of the Iranian civilisation—namely, the Turkic tribes of the Ephthalites5 and the Huns . “Tajiks on the Crossroads of History, from Antiquity to the Age of Colonialism.” Tajikistan: A Political and Social History, by Kirill Nourzhanov and Christian Bleuer, ANU Press, 2013, pp. 11–26. .
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