Comments by "PAPAZA TAKLA ATTIRAN İMAM" (@papazataklaattiranimam) on "Jabzy"
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Arab dominance did not, however, continue in the political sphere, and one may describe the premodern history of Islam as falling into three periods of political regime. Until the tenth cen- tury, most regions of Islamdom were under the rule of Arabs; in the 10th and 11th centuries, many regions came under the rule of Persians; and from the 11th until the 19th century, almost all areas of the Muslim world were ruled by ethnic Turks or Mongols, whose dominance continued in the Middle East until World War I and the abolishment of the Ottoman Empire in 1924. For nearly a millennium in the Persianate world, the upper echelons of society were seen as divided along ethnic lines into Turks, who constituted the military and ruling class, and Tajiks, Persians, or non-Turks, who were the administrators, accountants, tax-collectors, and land owners. The division was viewed as natural and not unfair because Turks and Mongols were considered ethnically suited to military exploits because of their sturdiness, fierce nature, ability to endure hardship, and superior skills in horsemanship and archery. Even in contexts where Turks did not make up the bulk of the military, rul- ers often used troops belonging to foreign ethnic groups because of their military skills, internal solidarity, lack of attachment to the local populace, and direct allegiance to the ruler. The Fatimids in Egypt (969-1171) employed both troops who belonged to the Berber Kutama tribal confederation from North Africa and "Suda- nese" troops from sub-Saharan Africa. The 14th-century historian Ibn Khaldun argued, reflecting primarily on the Berber dynasties of North Africa, that there was a strong relationship between the life of political regimes and ethnic groups. Tribal groups from outside settled regions have much stronger ethnic solidarity than settled peoples, and this enabled them to work as efficient military units, conquering territories and establishing new dynasties. The settled life of the conquerors, however, corrupted them and made them lose their ethnic solidarity in just a few generations, and this made them vulnerable to new tribal invaders.
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Illyrian Fucker
Imagehttps://www.notablebiographies.com › ...
Muhammad Ali Pasha Biography - life, children, name, history, mother, young ...
Often referred to as the founder of modern Egypt, Muhammad Ali Pasha (c. 1769– 1849) was an Ottoman Turkish military leader who ...
https://www.notablebiographies.com/amp/supp/Supplement-Mi-So/Pasha-Muhammad-Ali.html
He was Turkish by origin and Turkish speaking, yet trained in a European province of the Ottoman Empire, so he brought with him political skills honed in the century-long conflict between the three great empires that disputed control of the Balkans. Commonly called Mehmet Ali, as a young man he worked for a while as a tobacco merchant, before taking a commission in the Ottoman Army.
http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/muhammadali.htm
Lately however, it has also started to be thought possible that his ancestors were Turkish, and actually migrated from South-East Anatolia.[10]
↑ Abu-Manneh, Butrus. "Mehmed Ali Paşa and Sultan Mahmud II: the genesis of a conflict" (in English) (Article). Turkish Historical Review (Brill Academic Publishers) 1 (1): 5. Template:Citation/identifier. Template:Citation/identifier.
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