Comments by "PAPAZA TAKLA ATTIRAN İMAM" (@papazataklaattiranimam) on "Overly Sarcastic Productions"
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After the ninth century, the Turks, newly converted to Islam, had grown to become more powerful than the Arabs. The Ghaznavids under Mahmud Ghaznavi began their expansion in the Indian frontier. In the wake of collapse of the Gurjara Pratiharas, he raided India seventeen times, demolishing several temples and massacring civilians. Mahmud conquer Punjab after defeating Kabul Shahis and undertook three expeditions into the Ganga Valley. The sole purpose of these raids were to loot wealth for his further Central Asian campaigns. By the end of 1015, Mahmud aided by his feudatory rulers crossed the foothills of Himalayas and defeated a local Rajput king at Baran in modern western Uttar Pradesh, Moving towards Mathura, he was opposed by Kalachuri ruler Kokkala-II, one of the major Rajput rulers of the area. The battle was hotly contested however Mahmud won the day and further plunders down several temples in Mathura. Mahmud conquered Kanauj in 1021 AD by defeating Kanauj King Chandella Gauda. Afterwards, Mahmud ransacked over wealthy Kanauj, then capital of Pratiharas. By the early 1020s the Rajput rulers at Gwalior and Kalinjar were able to hold off assaults by Maḥmūd, although the two cities did pay him heavy tribute.
In 1025 A.D, he demolished and looted the Somnath Temple and its Rajput ruler Bhimdev Solanki fled his capital Anahilapataka. The Rajput king Paramar Bhoj of Malwa assembled an army to attack him. However, Mahmud avoided the confrontation and never returned to India again.
Mahmmud during this campaigns successfully captured the Punjab region and thus became first Islamic invader to capture North-Western India. Over the next 160 years, the Turks did not invade India and did not expand their domain beyond the Punjab region. In later half of the twelfth century, Ghaznavids power declined rapidly and they lost their control over Central and West Asian territories. Despite the fact, The Rajputs never showed strategic insights and did not present a unified singular attack to recapture Punjab and North West frontier from Ghanzavids who ruled this area had become weak and it was from them that Shihabuddin Ghori captured Punjab and then invaded domain of Rajputs in 1191.
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The arrival of the Turks in the Muslim world pushed Muslim power further into India. Of particular note is Mahmud of Ghazni (r. 997-1030), a Turkic sultan who was the first to lead military expeditions deep into India. By establishing himself as the leader of an autonomous state based in Ghazni in the Afghan highlands, he was close enough to India to focus much of his attention on the subcontinent. His seventeen military campaigns into northern India served as the basis of his rule, bringing wealth and power to him and his empire. While his raids were no doubt detrimental to local power and rule in India, he also established major cultural centers and helped spread Persian culture throughout his reign. The legendary Persian poet Firdawsi, who perhaps did more to revive ancient Persian culture than any other person after the country's conversion to Islam, and al-Biruni, a scientist, historian, geologist and physicist, were both mainstays of Mahmud's court. Because of his status as a patron of the arts coupled with his ruthless raids into India, Mahmud of Ghazni's legacy in India today is colored by modern politics as much as anyone else.
Regardless of his legacy, Mahmud and the Ghaznavid Dynasty he founded laid the foundation for Muslim conquest in India. The succeeding dynasty, the Ghurids, also ruled out of Afghanistan, and managed to push their borders even further into India, capturing Delhi in 1192. The Ghurids relied on slave soldiers of Turkic origin who formed the core of their army, much like the contemporary Ayyubids further west in the Muslim world. Like their counterparts in Egypt, who established the Mamluk Sultanate, the slave soldiers in India eventually overthrew their masters and inaugurated their own dynasty: the Delhi Sultanate.
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Turkic Guy Tamerlane
Once again the invasion came from central Asia; this time it was Tamerlane, a Barlas Turk, who set up a new empire with Samarqand as his capital. Tamerlane is perhaps the greatest conqueror Asia has ever produced. The name Tamerlane, by which he is known to Europe, is derived from his nickname Timur-i-Lang or c The Lame Timur', for he was wounded in the foot in a minor encounter in Afghanistan. He was born in 13 3 5, the son of a chief of a Turkish tribe.
Elgood, C. (2010). The Empire of Tamerlane. In A Medical History of Persia and the Eastern Caliphate: From the Earliest Times Until the Year A.D. 1932 (Cambridge Library Collection - History of Medicine, pp. 324-347). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511710766.013
He was a Turk of the Barlas tribe; this tribe, like many others, boasted a Mongol name and ancestry, but for all prac- tical purposes it was Turkic. Turki was thus Timur’s mother tongue, although he may have known some Persian from the cultural milieu in which he lived; he almost certainly knew no Mongolian, though Mongol terminology had not quite disappeared from administrative documents and coins.
Soucek, S. (2000). Timur and the Timurids. In A History of Inner Asia (pp. 123-143). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511991523.011
The Timurid dynasty was founded in 1370 by the Turkic warlord Temür, usually known in the west as Tamerlane (Temür the lame).
Temür and his followers were Turks loyal to the Mongol tradition, but they were also Muslim and well acquainted with Perso-Islamic culture.
Forbes Manz, B. (2018, April 26). Tamerlane and the Timurids. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History.
Tamerlane (Timur-i Lang, Timur the Lame) (1336–1405) Outstanding political and military tactician;
rallied tribal support in the region east of the Ferghana Valley, and established a Turkic dynasty based on Samarkand
2010). Tamerlane. In The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages. : Oxford University Press.
Eastern Turkic Timurids and the Western Turkic Oghuz of the Ottoman Empire actually dated to the earliest days
Schluessel, Eric T. 2016. The Muslim Emperor of China: Everyday Politics in Colonial Xinjiang, 1877-1933. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences.
Though not Mongol himself, Timur himself had sought to enhance the legitimacy of his rule by assuming the mantle of the line of Chaghatai Khan, with whom he claimed kinship. He had adopted the title of Gurkan (son-in-law) in reference to his marriage to Tukul Khanum, whose father was directly related to Chaghatai Khan and additionally installed a puppet king from the Chaghatid clan on the throne. Quite appropriately therefore Babur, Humayun and Akbar saw themselves first and foremost as princes of the great house of Timur (1336 - 1405), who had conquered vast tracts of territory in Central Asia and even sacked Delhi in 1398. Additionally they traced their ancestry even further back to the Mongol warrior Chenggiz Khan (1167 - 1227), who had upon his death, divided his vast Mongol empire among his four sons, a crucial event later illustrated by Akbar's artists. Mughalistan (including the western Tarim Basin and Kashgar) and Transoxania were bestowed upon his second son Chaghatai Khan (d. 1242). When these two wings of dominion were split up late in the thirteenth century, Transoxania in the west became the scene of mass conversion to Islam and a great deal of intermarriage with Turkic tribes people before it eventually fell to Timur, a Barlas Turk. Timur's descendants had ruled Transoxania until they succumbed to the forces of the Shaibanid Turks in 1508- 9.
The remaining descendants of the surviving Timurids - the Chaghataid Turks, still survived in certain parts of Central Asia ( especially Ferghana), nurturing a festering ego ever since their dynasty had fallen into near oblivion.
Timurid central Asia and Mughal India : some correlations regarding urban design concepts and the typology of the Muslim house
Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1995.
"Belonging to a minor military family, and of Turkish origin, Timur was born in Transoxiana (present-day Uzbekistan) in the fourteenth century. He rose to prominence in the service of the local Mongol ruler, claimed to be descended from Chingiz-Khan, and defeated all competitors." Massoume Price (2005). Iran's Diverse Peoples: A Reference Sourcebook. ABC-CLIO. p. 56.
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2001–2005. "Tamerlane, c.1336–1405, Turkic conqueror, b. Kesh, near Samarkand. He is also called Timur Leng (Faisal R.).
Gérard Chaliand, Nomadic Empires: From Mongolia to the Danube translated by A.M. Berrett, Transaction Publishers, 2004. translated by A.M. Berrett. Transaction Publishers, p.75. ISBN 0-7658-0204-X. Limited preview at Google Books. p. 75., ISBN 0-7658-0204-X, p.75., "Timur Leng (Tamerlane) Timur, known as the lame (1336–1405) was a Muslim Turk. He aspired to recreate the empire of his ancestors. He was a military genius who loved to play chess in his spare time to improve his military tactics and skill. And although he wielded absolute power, he never called himself more than an emir.", "Timur Leng (Tamerlane) Timur, known as the lame (1336–1405) was a Muslim Turk from the Ulus of Chagatai who saw himself as Genghis Khan's heir."
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@jihangirastra3851 Once again the invasion came from central Asia; this time it was Tamerlane, a Barlas Turk, who set up a new empire with Samarqand as his capital. Tamerlane is perhaps the greatest conqueror Asia has ever produced. The name Tamerlane, by which he is known to Europe, is derived from his nickname Timur-i-Lang or c The Lame Timur', for he was wounded in the foot in a minor encounter in Afghanistan. He was born in 13 3 5, the son of a chief of a Turkish tribe.
Elgood, C. (2010). The Empire of Tamerlane. In A Medical History of Persia and the Eastern Caliphate: From the Earliest Times Until the Year A.D. 1932 (Cambridge Library Collection - History of Medicine, pp. 324-347). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511710766.013
He was a Turk of the Barlas tribe; this tribe, like many others, boasted a Mongol name and ancestry, but for all prac- tical purposes it was Turkic. Turki was thus Timur’s mother tongue, although he may have known some Persian from the cultural milieu in which he lived; he almost certainly knew no Mongolian, though Mongol terminology had not quite disappeared from administrative documents and coins.
Soucek, S. (2000). Timur and the Timurids. In A History of Inner Asia (pp. 123-143). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511991523.011
The Timurid dynasty was founded in 1370 by the Turkic warlord Temür, usually known in the west as Tamerlane (Temür the lame).
Temür and his followers were Turks loyal to the Mongol tradition, but they were also Muslim and well acquainted with Perso-Islamic culture.
Forbes Manz, B. (2018, April 26). Tamerlane and the Timurids. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History.
Tamerlane (Timur-i Lang, Timur the Lame) (1336–1405) Outstanding political and military tactician;
rallied tribal support in the region east of the Ferghana Valley, and established a Turkic dynasty based on Samarkand
2010). Tamerlane. In The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages. : Oxford University Press.
Eastern Turkic Timurids and the Western Turkic Oghuz of the Ottoman Empire actually dated to the earliest days
Schluessel, Eric T. 2016. The Muslim Emperor of China: Everyday Politics in Colonial Xinjiang, 1877-1933. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences.
Though not Mongol himself, Timur himself had sought to enhance the legitimacy of his rule by assuming the mantle of the line of Chaghatai Khan, with whom he claimed kinship. He had adopted the title of Gurkan (son-in-law) in reference to his marriage to Tukul Khanum, whose father was directly related to Chaghatai Khan and additionally installed a puppet king from the Chaghatid clan on the throne. Quite appropriately therefore Babur, Humayun and Akbar saw themselves first and foremost as princes of the great house of Timur (1336 - 1405), who had conquered vast tracts of territory in Central Asia and even sacked Delhi in 1398. Additionally they traced their ancestry even further back to the Mongol warrior Chenggiz Khan (1167 - 1227), who had upon his death, divided his vast Mongol empire among his four sons, a crucial event later illustrated by Akbar's artists. Mughalistan (including the western Tarim Basin and Kashgar) and Transoxania were bestowed upon his second son Chaghatai Khan (d. 1242). When these two wings of dominion were split up late in the thirteenth century, Transoxania in the west became the scene of mass conversion to Islam and a great deal of intermarriage with Turkic tribes people before it eventually fell to Timur, a Barlas Turk. Timur's descendants had ruled Transoxania until they succumbed to the forces of the Shaibanid Turks in 1508- 9.
The remaining descendants of the surviving Timurids - the Chaghataid Turks, still survived in certain parts of Central Asia ( especially Ferghana), nurturing a festering ego ever since their dynasty had fallen into near oblivion.
Timurid central Asia and Mughal India : some correlations regarding urban design concepts and the typology of the Muslim house
Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1995.
"Belonging to a minor military family, and of Turkish origin, Timur was born in Transoxiana (present-day Uzbekistan) in the fourteenth century. He rose to prominence in the service of the local Mongol ruler, claimed to be descended from Chingiz-Khan, and defeated all competitors." Massoume Price (2005). Iran's Diverse Peoples: A Reference Sourcebook. ABC-CLIO. p. 56.
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2001–2005. "Tamerlane, c.1336–1405, Turkic conqueror, b. Kesh, near Samarkand. He is also called Timur Leng (Faisal R.).
Gérard Chaliand, Nomadic Empires: From Mongolia to the Danube translated by A.M. Berrett, Transaction Publishers, 2004. translated by A.M. Berrett. Transaction Publishers, p.75. ISBN 0-7658-0204-X. Limited preview at Google Books. p. 75., ISBN 0-7658-0204-X, p.75., "Timur Leng (Tamerlane) Timur, known as the lame (1336–1405) was a Muslim Turk. He aspired to recreate the empire of his ancestors. He was a military genius who loved to play chess in his spare time to improve his military tactics and skill. And although he wielded absolute power, he never called himself more than an emir.", "Timur Leng (Tamerlane) Timur, known as the lame (1336–1405) was a Muslim Turk from the Ulus of Chagatai who saw himself as Genghis Khan's heir."
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@jihangirastra3851 Once again the invasion came from central Asia; this time it was Tamerlane, a Barlas Turk, who set up a new empire with Samarqand as his capital. Tamerlane is perhaps the greatest conqueror Asia has ever produced. The name Tamerlane, by which he is known to Europe, is derived from his nickname Timur-i-Lang or c The Lame Timur', for he was wounded in the foot in a minor encounter in Afghanistan. He was born in 13 3 5, the son of a chief of a Turkish tribe.
Elgood, C. (2010). The Empire of Tamerlane. In A Medical History of Persia and the Eastern Caliphate: From the Earliest Times Until the Year A.D. 1932 (Cambridge Library Collection - History of Medicine, pp. 324-347). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511710766.013
He was a Turk of the Barlas tribe; this tribe, like many others, boasted a Mongol name and ancestry, but for all prac- tical purposes it was Turkic. Turki was thus Timur’s mother tongue, although he may have known some Persian from the cultural milieu in which he lived; he almost certainly knew no Mongolian, though Mongol terminology had not quite disappeared from administrative documents and coins.
Soucek, S. (2000). Timur and the Timurids. In A History of Inner Asia (pp. 123-143). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511991523.011
The Timurid dynasty was founded in 1370 by the Turkic warlord Temür, usually known in the west as Tamerlane (Temür the lame).
Temür and his followers were Turks loyal to the Mongol tradition, but they were also Muslim and well acquainted with Perso-Islamic culture.
Forbes Manz, B. (2018, April 26). Tamerlane and the Timurids. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History.
Tamerlane (Timur-i Lang, Timur the Lame) (1336–1405) Outstanding political and military tactician;
rallied tribal support in the region east of the Ferghana Valley, and established a Turkic dynasty based on Samarkand
2010). Tamerlane. In The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages. : Oxford University Press.
Eastern Turkic Timurids and the Western Turkic Oghuz of the Ottoman Empire actually dated to the earliest days
Schluessel, Eric T. 2016. The Muslim Emperor of China: Everyday Politics in Colonial Xinjiang, 1877-1933. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences.
Though not Mongol himself, Timur himself had sought to enhance the legitimacy of his rule by assuming the mantle of the line of Chaghatai Khan, with whom he claimed kinship. He had adopted the title of Gurkan (son-in-law) in reference to his marriage to Tukul Khanum, whose father was directly related to Chaghatai Khan and additionally installed a puppet king from the Chaghatid clan on the throne. Quite appropriately therefore Babur, Humayun and Akbar saw themselves first and foremost as princes of the great house of Timur (1336 - 1405), who had conquered vast tracts of territory in Central Asia and even sacked Delhi in 1398. Additionally they traced their ancestry even further back to the Mongol warrior Chenggiz Khan (1167 - 1227), who had upon his death, divided his vast Mongol empire among his four sons, a crucial event later illustrated by Akbar's artists. Mughalistan (including the western Tarim Basin and Kashgar) and Transoxania were bestowed upon his second son Chaghatai Khan (d. 1242). When these two wings of dominion were split up late in the thirteenth century, Transoxania in the west became the scene of mass conversion to Islam and a great deal of intermarriage with Turkic tribes people before it eventually fell to Timur, a Barlas Turk. Timur's descendants had ruled Transoxania until they succumbed to the forces of the Shaibanid Turks in 1508- 9.
The remaining descendants of the surviving Timurids - the Chaghataid Turks, still survived in certain parts of Central Asia ( especially Ferghana), nurturing a festering ego ever since their dynasty had fallen into near oblivion.
Timurid central Asia and Mughal India : some correlations regarding urban design concepts and the typology of the Muslim house
Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1995.
"Belonging to a minor military family, and of Turkish origin, Timur was born in Transoxiana (present-day Uzbekistan) in the fourteenth century. He rose to prominence in the service of the local Mongol ruler, claimed to be descended from Chingiz-Khan, and defeated all competitors." Massoume Price (2005). Iran's Diverse Peoples: A Reference Sourcebook. ABC-CLIO. p. 56.
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2001–2005. "Tamerlane, c.1336–1405, Turkic conqueror, b. Kesh, near Samarkand. He is also called Timur Leng (Faisal R.).
Gérard Chaliand, Nomadic Empires: From Mongolia to the Danube translated by A.M. Berrett, Transaction Publishers, 2004. translated by A.M. Berrett. Transaction Publishers, p.75. ISBN 0-7658-0204-X. Limited preview at Google Books. p. 75., ISBN 0-7658-0204-X, p.75., "Timur Leng (Tamerlane) Timur, known as the lame (1336–1405) was a Muslim Turk. He aspired to recreate the empire of his ancestors. He was a military genius who loved to play chess in his spare time to improve his military tactics and skill. And although he wielded absolute power, he never called himself more than an emir.", "Timur Leng (Tamerlane) Timur, known as the lame (1336–1405) was a Muslim Turk from the Ulus of Chagatai who saw himself as Genghis Khan's heir."
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