Comments by "PAPAZA TAKLA ATTIRAN İMAM" (@papazataklaattiranimam) on "TED-Ed"
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Teragay, the chief of the tribe of Berlas, is said to 'i have been a tnau of distinguished piety and liberality, I and he inherited an incalculable number of slieep and goata,^ cattle and servants. His wife, Tekina Kha- I toum, was virtuous and beautiful; and on the 8th ' of April, 1336, she gave birth to a son, at their encampment, near the verdant walls^ of the delicious town of Kesh. This child was the future aspirant for universal empire.
Timour was of the race of Toorkish wanderers, and be was of noble lineage, amougst a people who thought much of their descent. His countrymen lived in tents, loved the wandering lives of warlike shepherds, better than the luxury and ease of cities; and, even in the countries which they had conquered, preferred an encampment in the open plains, to "a residence in the most splendid palaces.
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^ Timour was the son of Teragay Nevian. He gives the following account of his lineage, in his memoirs :—" My father told me that we were descendants from Abu-al-Atrak (father of the Turks) the son of Japhet. His fifth son, Aljeh Khan, had twin sons, Tatar and Mogul, who placed their feet on the paths of infidelity. Turaene Khan had a son Kabul, whose son, Munga Bahadur, was the father of Temugin, small estate, with not more than three or four mounted attendants. He lived iu a village, near this city of Kesh, for the men of this land prefer living in the villages, and in the plains, to living in cities. His son, also, had not more than four or five horses. I will now tell you, what was told to the ambassadors, as certain truth in this city, and in other parts. It is said that Timour, having four or five servants, went out one day to steal a sheep, and on another day a cow, by force, from the people of the country. When he had got them, be ate them with his followers ; and some because of the plunder, others because he was a brave and good hearted man, joined him, until he had a force of three hundred mounted followers. From that time be traversed the country, to rob and steal all he could lay hands on, for himself and bis companions, and he also frequented the roads, and plundered the merchants.'
Narrative of the embassy of Ruy Gonzalez de Clavijo to the court of Timour at Samarcand, A.D. 1403-6 by González de Clavijo, Ruy, d. 1412; Markham, Clements R. (Clements Robert), Sir, 1830-1916 ed
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On Saturday, the 12th of April, the Emperor of TrebizonJ sent for the ambassadorSj and when they ai-rivcd at his palace, they found him in a saloon, which was in an upper story ; and he received them very well. After they had spoken with him, they returned to their lodging. With the emperor was his son, who was about twenty-five years of age ; and the emperor was tall and handsome. The emperor and his son were dressed in imperial robes. They wore, on their heads, tall hats surmounted by golden cords, on the top of which were cranes' feathers; and the hats were bound with the skins of martens. They call the emperor Germanoli,' and his son Quelex -^ and they call the son emperor as well as the father, because it is the custom to call the eldest legitimate son emperor, although his father may be alive; and the Greek name for emperor, is Basilens. This emperor pays tribute to Timour Beg, and to other Turks, who are his neighbours. He is married to a relation of the Emperor of Constantinople, and his son is married to the daughter of a knight of Constantinople, and has two little daughters."
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The ancient Hellenes were conquered by the Romans . Emperor Justinian destroyed the last vestiges of Hellenic civilisation , and state Christianity created a new civilisation on the ruins of the old .
Koliopoulos, G. and Veremēs, T., 2007. Greece: the modern sequel. London: Hurst & Company, p.242.
Hellenes as they were called, were persecuted by the enforcement of these general rules; Justinian endeavored, above all things, to deprive them of education, and he had the University of Athens closed in 529; at the same time ordering wholesale conversations.
The Cambridge Medieval History volumes 1-5 by John Bagnell Bury, Paul Dalen (Goodreads Author) (Editor)
And there is also evidence that the word 'Hellene' now meant 'pagan', and Justinian did conduct persecutions of Hellenes. The world of Classics in the sixth century was not entirely rosy.
Scott, R., n.d. Byzantine chronicles and the sixth century
Wow very “Hellenic”
And don’t forget that the rulers were also NOT HELLENIC by origin
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Christian Orthodox people belonged to the millet-i Rum, and progressively, Greek became the dominant means of communication amongst the members of the millet, who were called by others and were calling themselves. Romioi. Interestingly, the term 'Hellene' still signified for most people the pagan classical tradition, and it was a term that especially the clergy was keen to eliminate. Certain evocations of the term 'Hellene' by Byzantine scholars (e.g. in the twelfth century) contained some elements of contemporary ethnic identification, but it never acquired widespread currency, it never really "caught" on' (Beaton 2007: 93).
Boys-Stones, G., Graziosi, B. and Vasunia, P., n.d. The Oxford handbook of Hellenic studies. p.21
A second way that Robert establishes the moral superiority of the French over and against the Greeks is by framing the French, rather than the Byzantines, as the true Romans. On this score, it is important to note that the very naming of the Byzantines as "Greek" was an explicit rejection of the Byzantine claim that they were "Roman"-as noted in the introduc tion, the people we call Byzantines never employed the term Byzantine (it is a modern categorization), never used the Latin Graecus, and only began to employ the Greek word "Hellene" around the time of the Fourth Cru sade. Rather, they almost always self-identified as Romans." Robert not only rejects their Roman identity by referring to them as Graeci, he re peatedly asserts that it is the French, not the Byzantines, who adhere to the "law of Rome."
Demacopoulos., 2019. Colonizing Christianity: Greek and Latin Religious Identity in the Era of the Fourth Crusade (Orthodox Christianity and Contemporary Thought) 1st Edition.. New York, N.Y.: Fordham University Press, p.18.
Byzantine Empire was not, especially then, a national Greek state but had a broadly international character, despite the fact that Greek was the official language. In that state the Bulgarian element was preserved and could develop.
Daskalov, R., 2021. Master narratives of the Middle Ages in Bulgaria. Leiden: Brill, p.114.
The writer uses the ambiguous term “Hellene,” which generally means “pagan” in Byzantine Greek. Plethon and his followers used the term almost to the exclusion of all others when referring to their own countrymen.
Nagy., 2003. Modern Greek Literature. Taylor & Francis, p.30.
" In its final centuries , the Byzantine Empire was also called " Romania . " Remnants of this Roman heritage are still evident in such terms as " Rum " and " Rumeli .
Georgius, Philippides, M. and Macarius, 1980. The fall of the Byzantine empire. Amherst, MA: Univ. of Massachusetts Pr., p.2.
Given Gennadios ' strong religious and traditional orientation , one would expect him to adhere carefully to the traditional Byzantine nomenclature wherein Hellene signified pagan and Rhomaios Byzantine .
Ćurčić, S. and Mouriki, D., 2019. The Twilight of Byzantium. Princeton: Princeton University Press, p.9.
And there is also evidence that the word 'Hellene' now meant 'pagan', and Justinian did conduct persecutions of Hellenes.
Scott, R., n.d. Byzantine chronicles and the sixth century.
The Byzantine Empire was officially called the Empire of the Romans, not the Greeks, Hellenes, or whatever. And if we proceed from the northern theory of the formation of the state, then we could not know about the Hellenic Greeks, Venetian-Venets in any way due to the lack of direct contacts. At that time, the word “Hellene” among the Romans meant a pagan and a traitor.
Attila Kagan of the Huns from the kind of Velsung Kindle Edition by Соловьев Сергей Юрьевич (Author)
The ancient Hellenes were conquered by the Romans . Emperor Justinian destroyed the last vestiges of Hellenic civilisation , and state Christianity created a new civilisation on the ruins of the old .
Koliopoulos, G. and Veremēs, T., 2007. Greece: the modern sequel. London: Hurst & Company, p.242.
Hellenes as they were called, were persecuted by the enforcement of these general rules; Justinian endeavored, above all things, to deprive them of education, and he had the University of Athens closed in 529; at the same time ordering wholesale conversations.
The Cambridge Medieval History volumes 1-5 by John Bagnell Bury, Paul Dalen (Goodreads Author) (Editor)
And there is also evidence that the word 'Hellene' now meant 'pagan', and Justinian did conduct persecutions of Hellenes. The world of Classics in the sixth century was not entirely rosy.
Scott, R., n.d. Byzantine chronicles and the sixth century
It is believed that there was some kind of trade route, but the object of exchange is not clear. The Baltic States could offer amber, but the path along the Elbe and then the Danube is better and safer than the path "From the Varangians to the Greeks" invented by idle historians. First, where did the Greeks come from? The Byzantine Empire was officially called the Empire of the Romans, not the Greeks, Hellenes, or whatever. And if we proceed from the northern theory of the formation of the state, then the Veneti Veneti could not know about the Greek-Hellenes, due to the lack of direct contacts. At that time, the word "Hellene" among the Romans meant a pagan and a traitor. And the term Varangian, unknown even among the Scandinavians, at least in Saxon Grammar it does not occur, from the word at all. The way from Wagry sounds more reasonable, and where? If we translate the term "Hellene" as a pagan, then we get that the way from Wagri to the east was the way of pagan pilgrims.
Russia the formation of the state in the 9th century Veneds and the severjans (northerners), part of the Huns, which became the basis of a new community Kindle Edition by Solovyov Sergey (Author)
Although the Breviarum has some major flaws, including a lacuna for nearly the entire reign of Constans II (r. 641-668), it is nonetheless one of the most important sources for his tory from the reign of Phocas through Constantine V-in no small part due to the fame of its author rather than the work's intrinsic merit.79 Nikephoros' use of names in this text is somewhat idiosyncratic. This short history does not have much on language-the sole mention of Latin names it 'Itaλ@v qwvn.80 He never refers to Greek, but 'Hellene' is invari ably a pejorative term, used in the sense of meaning 'pagan. On the other hand, he regularly glosses 'Christians' as meaning 'Romans' in a cultural and even political sense. Like other Greek-writing authors of this period, Nikephoros displays a high degree of laxity of precision in his terminology.
In spite of the relatively relaxed attitudes adopted by contemporaries with respect to linguistic labels, it is clear that the later medieval and mod ern colloquial usage of the signifier Roman' for the Greek language is unprecedented in the early middle ages. Where the 'Roman tongue" is mentioned in the sources, it is always Latin which is signified-and this is consistent from Procopius in the sixth century through Constantine VII in the tenth.
WHALIN, D., 2022. ROMAN IDENTITY FROM THE ARAB CONQUESTS TO THE TRIUMPH OF ORTHODOXY. [S.l.]: PALGRAVE MACMILLAN, p.31.
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Umayyads conquered the entire Iranic, Amazigh, Egyptian, Spanish, Portuguese, Basque, Aramaic, Canaanite peoples but they could’t even conquer one Turkic state or tribe because Tengrist nomadic Turkic empires stopped them.
These are;
Danube Bulgars, Turgesh Khaganate, Khazar Khaganate, Second Turkic Khaganate, Alchons, Nezaks and Turk Shahi.
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my dog's butler The ancient Hellenes were conquered by the Romans . Emperor Justinian destroyed the last vestiges of Hellenic civilisation , and state Christianity created a new civilisation on the ruins of the old .
Koliopoulos, G. and Veremēs, T., 2007. Greece: the modern sequel. London: Hurst & Company, p.242.
Hellenes as they were called, were persecuted by the enforcement of these general rules; Justinian endeavored, above all things, to deprive them of education, and he had the University of Athens closed in 529; at the same time ordering wholesale conversations.
The Cambridge Medieval History volumes 1-5 by John Bagnell Bury, Paul Dalen (Goodreads Author) (Editor)
And there is also evidence that the word 'Hellene' now meant 'pagan', and Justinian did conduct persecutions of Hellenes. The world of Classics in the sixth century was not entirely rosy.
Scott, R., n.d. Byzantine chronicles and the sixth century
Wow very “Hellenic”
And don’t forget that the rulers were also NOT HELLENIC by origin
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The Qur'an includes the Surat Ar-Rum, the sura dealing with "the Romans", sometimes translated as "The Byzantines," reflecting a term now used in the West. These Romans of the 7th century, referred to as Byzantines in modern Western scholarship, were the inhabitants of the surviving Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire. Since all ethnic groups within the Roman empire had been granted citizenship by 212 AD, these eastern peoples had come to label themselves Ρωμιοί or Ῥωμαῖοι Romaioi (Romans), using the word for Roman citizen in the eastern lingua franca of Koine Greek. This citizenship label became "Rûm" in Arabic.
The Eastern Roman, or Byzantine, Empire traced its origin as an institution to the foundation of Constantinople as the new capital of the Roman Empire in 330 by Constantine the Great. The Byzantine Empire survived the 5th century, when the Western Roman Empire fell, more or less intact and its populace continually maintained that they were Romaioi (Romans), not Hellenes (Greeks), even as the empire's borders gradually became reduced to in the end only encompassing Greek-speaking lands.
Nicol 1992, p. ix.
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In about 1440 John Argyropoulos wrote of the struggle for the freedom of ' Hellas ' in a letter addressed to John VIII as 'Emperor of Hellas'. We have come a long way from the days when the ambassador Liudprand of Cremona was thought unfit to be received at the Court because his credentials were addressed to the 'Emperor of the Greeks'. But 'Graeci' was never an acceptable term. George Scholarius, the future Patriarch Gennadius, who was to be the link between the old Byzantine world and the world of the Turcocratia, often uses 'Hellene' to mean anyone of Greek blood. But he had doubts about its propriety; he still retained the older view. When he was asked his specific opinion about his race, he wrote in reply: "Though I am a Hellene by birth, yet I would never say that I was a Hellene. For I do not believe as the Hellenes believed. I should like to take my name from my faith and, if anyone asked me what I am, to reply "a Christian". Though my father dwelt in Thessaly,' he adds, 'I do not call myself a Thessalian, but a Byzantine. For I am of Byzantium.' It is to be remarked that though he repudiates the name of Hellene he calls the Imperial City not New Rome or Constantinople, but by its old Hellenic name.
Runciman, S. (1970). IMPERIAL DECLINE AND HELLENIC REVIVAL. In The Last Byzantine Renaissance (The Wiles Lectures, pp. 1-23). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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The ancient Hellenes were conquered by the Romans . Emperor Justinian destroyed the last vestiges of Hellenic civilisation , and state Christianity created a new civilisation on the ruins of the old .
Koliopoulos, G. and Veremēs, T., 2007. Greece: the modern sequel. London: Hurst & Company, p.242.
Hellenes as they were called, were persecuted by the enforcement of these general rules; Justinian endeavored, above all things, to deprive them of education, and he had the University of Athens closed in 529; at the same time ordering wholesale conversations.
The Cambridge Medieval History volumes 1-5 by John Bagnell Bury, Paul Dalen (Goodreads Author) (Editor)
And there is also evidence that the word 'Hellene' now meant 'pagan', and Justinian did conduct persecutions of Hellenes. The world of Classics in the sixth century was not entirely rosy.
Scott, R., n.d. Byzantine chronicles and the sixth century
Wow very “Hellenic”
And don’t forget that the rulers were also NOT HELLENIC by origin
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The first Cossacks were of Turkic rather than Slavic stock .
(Cambridge University Press)
https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=LFCM2Ai0FBcC&pg=PA31&dq=and+the+first+Cossacks+were+of+Turkic+rather+than&hl=tr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiI0uOctKnpAhW4wcQBHfbUBE8Q6AEIJTAA#v=onepage&q=Turkic&f=false
proper name Cossack , the Turkish tribe
https://www.oxfordreference.com/search?q=proper+name+Cossack+%2C+the+Turkish+tribe&searchBtn=Search&isQuickSearch=true
According to Adzhi, while the majority of the Turkic peoples of Russia were Kipchaks and Khazars, Turkic Cossacks became the eastern Slavs.
According to old Cossacks chronicles they were Turkic(Khazar) origin.
Some researchers have unconvincingly contended that many Cossacks have Khazar origins.
Thus, Joseph Elias in his Memoirs of a Russian Zionist (Tel Aviv, 1955, Hebrew) tells of meetings with Jewish Cossacks of the Tzarist army who had a tradition of direct Khazar descent. More specific is the record of the Cossack writer D.
of genesis for a Cossack-Little Rossian nation that divides it off from the Russians both through Khazar origins and the Cossack element
[2] The connection is in part supported by old Cossack ethnonyms such as kazara (Russian: казара), kazarla (Russian: казарла), kozarlyhi(Ukrainian: козарлюги), kazare (Russian: казарре); cf. N. D. Gostev, "About the use of "Kazarа" and other derivative words," Kazarla ethnic magazine, 2010, №1. (link) The name of the Khazars in Old Russian chronicles is kozare (Ukrainian: козаре).
although later Cossack sources claimed Khazar origin.[3][4]
3^ "Dogovor i postanovlenie mezhdu Get'manom Orlikom i voiskom Zaporozhskim v 1710", in: Chteniia v Imperatorskom obshchestve istorii i drevnostei rossiiskikh (Moscow 1858)
4^ Ustnoe povestvovanie byvshego zaporozhtsa, zhitelya Yekaterinoslavskoi gubernii i uezda, sela Mikhailovskogo, Nikity Lyeontʹevicha Korzh [Oral Narrative of the Former Zaporozhian Cossack, a Resident of the Mikhailovsky Village in the Province of Yekaterinoslav, Nikita Leontovich Korzh]. Odessa: 1842.
According to the tradition of deriving the origin of the state or people from a certain people of antiquity, the Cossack chroniclers of the 18th century advocated the Khazar origin of the Cossacks.[7]
7^Ure, John (1999). The Cossacks. Constable.
https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=A2kiAQAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y
Gggggggg
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In about 1440 John Argyropoulos wrote of the struggle for the freedom of ' Hellas ' in a letter addressed to John VIII as 'Emperor of Hellas'. We have come a long way from the days when the ambassador Liudprand of Cremona was thought unfit to be received at the Court because his credentials were addressed to the 'Emperor of the Greeks'. But 'Graeci' was never an acceptable term. George Scholarius, the future Patriarch Gennadius, who was to be the link between the old Byzantine world and the world of the Turcocratia, often uses 'Hellene' to mean anyone of Greek blood. But he had doubts about its propriety; he still retained the older view. When he was asked his specific opinion about his race, he wrote in reply: "Though I am a Hellene by birth, yet I would never say that I was a Hellene. For I do not believe as the Hellenes believed. I should like to take my name from my faith and, if anyone asked me what I am, to reply "a Christian". Though my father dwelt in Thessaly,' he adds, 'I do not call myself a Thessalian, but a Byzantine. For I am of Byzantium.' It is to be remarked that though he repudiates the name of Hellene he calls the Imperial City not New Rome or Constantinople, but by its old Hellenic name.
Runciman, S. (1970). IMPERIAL DECLINE AND HELLENIC REVIVAL. In The Last Byzantine Renaissance (The Wiles Lectures, pp. 1-23). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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In about 1440 John Argyropoulos wrote of the struggle for the freedom of ' Hellas ' in a letter addressed to John VIII as 'Emperor of Hellas'. We have come a long way from the days when the ambassador Liudprand of Cremona was thought unfit to be received at the Court because his credentials were addressed to the 'Emperor of the Greeks'. But 'Graeci' was never an acceptable term. George Scholarius, the future Patriarch Gennadius, who was to be the link between the old Byzantine world and the world of the Turcocratia, often uses 'Hellene' to mean anyone of Greek blood. But he had doubts about its propriety; he still retained the older view. When he was asked his specific opinion about his race, he wrote in reply: "Though I am a Hellene by birth, yet I would never say that I was a Hellene. For I do not believe as the Hellenes believed. I should like to take my name from my faith and, if anyone asked me what I am, to reply "a Christian". Though my father dwelt in Thessaly,' he adds, 'I do not call myself a Thessalian, but a Byzantine. For I am of Byzantium.' It is to be remarked that though he repudiates the name of Hellene he calls the Imperial City not New Rome or Constantinople, but by its old Hellenic name.
Runciman, S. (1970). IMPERIAL DECLINE AND HELLENIC REVIVAL. In The Last Byzantine Renaissance (The Wiles Lectures, pp. 1-23). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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In about 1440 John Argyropoulos wrote of the struggle for the freedom of ' Hellas ' in a letter addressed to John VIII as 'Emperor of Hellas'. We have come a long way from the days when the ambassador Liudprand of Cremona was thought unfit to be received at the Court because his credentials were addressed to the 'Emperor of the Greeks'. But 'Graeci' was never an acceptable term. George Scholarius, the future Patriarch Gennadius, who was to be the link between the old Byzantine world and the world of the Turcocratia, often uses 'Hellene' to mean anyone of Greek blood. But he had doubts about its propriety; he still retained the older view. When he was asked his specific opinion about his race, he wrote in reply: "Though I am a Hellene by birth, yet I would never say that I was a Hellene. For I do not believe as the Hellenes believed. I should like to take my name from my faith and, if anyone asked me what I am, to reply "a Christian". Though my father dwelt in Thessaly,' he adds, 'I do not call myself a Thessalian, but a Byzantine. For I am of Byzantium.' It is to be remarked that though he repudiates the name of Hellene he calls the Imperial City not New Rome or Constantinople, but by its old Hellenic name.
Runciman, S. (1970). IMPERIAL DECLINE AND HELLENIC REVIVAL. In The Last Byzantine Renaissance (The Wiles Lectures, pp. 1-23). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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@alexginger1948 Souvenir Historique Du Congrès de Paris 1856. Traité de Paix Et D'amitié Entre la France, L'Autriche, L'Angleterre, la Prusse, la Russie, la Sardaigne Et la Turquie Signé À Paris Le 30 Mars 1856
Il suffira de les énumérer rapidement . F. Bianconi fit paraître en 1877 un ouvrage et une carte sur l'ethnographie et la statistique de la Turquie d'Europe , travail , comme l'a dit Kiepert , « incroyablement superficiel et peu sûr » .
Chrestiens lors deliurez : il n'y a celuy qui n'estime ceste iournée la plus fauorable à la Chrestiente , qui ayt esté depuis le regne du grand Ottoman , premier Empereur de Turquie .
Histoire ou commentaires de toutes choses mémorables,(1572), page 444
Sophy auoit faite à Acomath , frere du Turc , luy donnant secours auec le Soldan , pour s'emparer de la Turquie .
La Cosmographie Vniverselle D'André Thevet Cosmographe Dv Roy. Illvstree De, (1575), page 318
En Turquie entendue la mort , de Selim premier , Gazel Bellerbei de Surie rebella contre Soliman , estimant estre quitte du serment qu'il disoit auoir donné seulement à Selim , non à son successeur .
De l'excellence du Gouvernement Royal . Auec Exhortation aux Francois de, (1575), page 35
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