Youtube comments of Ryan McBeth (@RyanMcBethProgramming).
-
4000
-
1400
-
1000
-
Many lies have been spread by Americans regarding the response to Hurricane Helene. Here are the facts:
1. National Guard and Active Duty soldiers and Airmen from multiple states are assisting in search and rescue, aid delivery and cleanup. The primary goal is to get the roads open.
2. FEMA does not have arrest powers. They are not confiscating food.
3. Volunteers who are not coordinating with the National Guard are hurting more than they are helping.
4. The hurricane was not engineered by the US Government or Blackrock to grab land for a lithium mine.
If you are in need of immediate emergency assistance, please contact 911 directly for life-threatening situations and urgent emergencies.
For disaster relief, shelter information, and non-emergency assistance, please use the following resources:
NC Emergency Management: Visit https://www.ncdps.gov/emergency-management or call 1-800-858-0368
NC Department of Public Safety: For statewide alerts and updates, visit https://www.ncdps.gov
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA): https://www.fema.gov
American Red Cross: For emergency shelters, supplies, and assistance, visit https://redcross.org or call 1-800-733-2767. To report people affected by Helene, please call 1-800 RED CROSS, select 'Disaster' and provide as much information as possible to assist us in helping.
For uncensored video, check out my substack at:
https://ryanmcbeth.substack.com
Like my shirts? Get your own at:
https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/ryan-mcbeth
Want a personalized greeting:
https://www.cameo.com/ryanmcbeth
Watch all of my long form videos:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt670_P7pOGmLWZG78JlM-rG2ZrpPziOy
Twitter:
@ryanmcbeth
Instagram:
@therealryanmcbeth
BlueSky
@ryanmcbeth
Reddit:
/r/ryanmcbeth
Join the conversation:
https://discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
995
-
This critique is protected by fair use doctrine for commentary, criticism, news reporting, and scholarly reports.
The Uncensored version is at https://ryanmcbeth.substack.com
Get your own private intelligence agency at https://Veloxxity.com.
The original Tucker Carlson Col MacGregor Interview can be found here.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iMUAaWK79Vc
The 3:1 wounded to killed casualty ratio can be found here.
https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/nonfatal-casualties-and-changing-costs-war
Note that the paper states that “With recent medical advances, however, the U.S. wounded-to-killed ratio today ranges anywhere from 10:1 to 17:1.”
https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/nonfatal-casualties-and-changing-costs-war
This may have been true due to the COIN environment of Iraq and Afghanistan where MEDEVAC was not threatened with a contested environment. Read my article Goodbye MEDEVAC Bird for more on how LSCO may change the medical environment back to the traditional 3:1 ratio.
https://ryanmcbeth.substack.com/p/goodbye-medevac-bird
The figure of 500,000 serving in the Ukrainian Army came from The Guardian. Note that the Wikipedia answer is different, but includes reserves.
https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/nonfatal-casualties-and-changing-costs-war
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine
Nuclear Weapons in Europe provided by the Arms Control Center.
https://armscontrolcenter.org/fact-sheet-u-s-nuclear-weapons-in-europe/
Fact sheets on versions of the M2 Bradley from BAE Systems.
https://www.baesystems.com/en-us/product/bradley-fighting-vehicle
My video on the AT-4 Rocket “found” in Mexico.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQoMZM1dBI4
Russian Attack Submarines:
https://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/russia-submarine-capabilities/
Russian Bastions:
http://www.cjoscoe.org/infosite/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Conflict-2020-and-Beyond_A-Look-at-the-Russian-Bastion-Defence-Strategy.pdf
The article on Imminent Danger Pay is here.
https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2023/07/27/us-troops-in-ukraine-can-now-earn-hazard-pay/
The Palantir AIP video is here.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XEM5qz__HOU&t=64s
Islam in Russia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Russia
The Yakut people.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakuts
Dr. Caroline Orr Bueno’s Weaponized Spaces Article on “Hawaii, not Ukraine.”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakuts
The source of the $700 payment rumor.
https://apnews.com/article/maui-wildfires-hawaii-fema-misinformation-8562e2e81e03626acc5be30700d73120
For uncensored video, check out my substack at:
https://ryanmcbeth.substack.com
Like my shirts? Get your own at:
https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/ryan-mcbeth
Want a personalized greeting:
https://www.cameo.com/ryanmcbeth
Watch all of my long form videos:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt670_P7pOGmLWZG78JlM-rG2ZrpPziOy
Twitter:
@ryanmcbeth
Instagram:
@therealryanmcbeth
Reddit:
/r/ryanmcbeth
Join the conversation:
https://discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
954
-
925
-
920
-
762
-
749
-
724
-
619
-
587
-
559
-
546
-
507
-
The Karakova Dam was breached on June 5th 2023 at around 2:50 in the morning local time.
I believe that a structural collapse, not an explosion. Russia is still to blame for this calamity, but I believe the structural failure occurred due to overtopping and hydrodynamic scour due to frequent use of the southernmost sluice gate and spillway.
The full satellite footage and intelligence data can be found on my paid substack:
https://ryanmcbeth.substack.com/p/how-russia-destroyed-the-kakhovka
All Satellite images from https://skywatch.com.
Special thanks to the following Geologists, hydrologists, geologists and seismologists people for helping me with the project:
Civil Engineer Ján Krajčovič.
Civil Engineer MSc. Thomas Buchsbaum
Geotechnical Engineer Alexander Mckenney,
B.Eng., M.A.Sc., P.Eng (N.S.)
Andrew Mattox
Matt Taylor, Chartered Civil Engineer from Melbourne.
Professor Eric Dunham of Stanford University
For uncensored video, check out my substack at:
https://ryanmcbeth.substack.com
Like my shirts? Get your own at:
https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/ryan-mcbeth
Want a personalized greeting:
https://www.cameo.com/ryanmcbeth
Watch all of my long form videos:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt670_P7pOGmLWZG78JlM-rG2ZrpPziOy
Twitter:
@ryanmcbeth
Join the conversation:
https://discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
500
-
488
-
486
-
479
-
470
-
470
-
461
-
456
-
440
-
415
-
415
-
411
-
410
-
409
-
402
-
Based on the video evidence, I believe that the shells in video are 100mm shells that are typically used in the 1950's Soviet era T-54/55 tank or Chinese Type 59. These shells have been obsolete since the 1970s, so it is highly doubtful that either Russia or Ukraine would be using these systems today.
I believe that the shells in this video are new manufacture and headed to foreign state for their armed forces such as Pakistan, Iran or African states.
The original tweet is here:
https://twitter.com/songpinganq/status/1629240022342979587
You can explore CAT-UXO here:
https://cat-uxo.com/
For uncensored video, check out my substack at:
https://ryanmcbeth.substack.com
Like my shirts? Get your own at:
https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/ryan-mcbeth
Watch all of my long form videos:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt670_P7pOGmLWZG78JlM-rG2ZrpPziOy
Twitter:
@ryanmcbeth
Join the conversation:
https://discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
References and Rights:
122mm shell
https://cat-uxo.com/explosive-hazards/projectiles/122mm-of-462-projectile
152mm shell
https://cat-uxo.com/explosive-hazards/projectiles/152mm-of-540-projectile
155mm shell
105mm shell
https://cat-uxo.com/explosive-hazards/projectiles/105mm-m1-projectile
Shell Crater T-80 loader
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QHn_N3Vq9DM
Air Source Military
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sC2ePKRvo9k
By Vitaly V. Kuzmin - http://vitalykuzmin.net/?q=node/262, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=26328147
By Tyg728 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=66633534
By Vitaly V. Kuzmin - http://www.vitalykuzmin.net/?q=node/663, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=61888972
By Tyg728 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=61092818
391
-
391
-
389
-
388
-
386
-
381
-
369
-
366
-
366
-
365
-
363
-
359
-
353
-
347
-
344
-
336
-
326
-
323
-
313
-
310
-
If you would like the presentation from this video for a school report, the Power Point can be found here:
https://www.ryanmcbeth.com/single-post/nuclear-weapons-101
All isotopes exist in two forms: stable and unstable. These unstable isotopes are considered "radioactive" because they have too many neutrons compared with their protons. Nature abhors this imbalance and resolves it in a number of ways. It can turn a neutron into a proton, releasing a few protons and neutrons as "alpha particles" (which are basically helium without the electrons.) Or shed a neutron.
If shed neutrons are captured by other nearby isotopes and made unstable, the result can become a "chain reaction" where more neutrons are released by nearby atoms than absorbed. Under the right conditions, this can power cities. Left uncontrolled, it can destroy them.
Note: the final segment of this video is President Truman's address to the United States after the first atomic bomb was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima.
This video covers:
Types of Radiation
How a nuclear weapon works
Weapons effects,
Tactical and strategic warheads
Employment and delivery
Electromagnetic pulse.
Watch all of my long form videos:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt670_P7pOGmLWZG78JlM-rG2ZrpPziOy
Connect with me on
Twitter:
I don’t have a Patreon account. If you want to give me money, give it to:
HelpIsOnTheWayUA.com
Or
WCK.org
Or
Gsmsg.org
Join the conversation:
https://discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
References:
Types of radiation.
https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/students/science-101/what-are-different-types-of-radiation.html
How Fuel is made:
https://www.world-nuclear.org/nuclear-essentials/how-is-uranium-made-into-nuclear-fuel.aspx
How neutrons make things radioactive
http://hps.org/publicinformation/ate/q12968.html
The Gun-type design.
http://blog.nuclearsecrecy.com/2011/11/08/the-mysterious-design-of-little-boy/
Where does the plutonium come from?
https://fas.org/blogs/fas/2013/09/where-does-the-plutonium-come-from/#:~:text=The%20U%2D239%2C%20in%20turn,atom%20into%20one%20of%20plutonium.
Plutonium-240
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonium-240
The Devastating Effects of Nuclear Weapons
https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/devastating-effects-of-nuclear-weapons-war/
https://www.arpansa.gov.au/understanding-radiation/what-is-radiation/ionising-radiation/gamma-radiation
Irradiated food
https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/food-irradiation-what-you-need-know
Why Gamma rays are dangerous:
https://letstalkscience.ca/educational-resources/stem-in-context/gamma-rays-helper-or-hazard
Why are there so many different ways to measure radiation exposure?
https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2011/03/sievert-gray-rem-and-rad-why-are-there-so-many-different-ways-to-measure-radiation-exposure.html#:~:text=They%20provide%20a%20measure%20of,the%20body%20in%20different%20ways.
REM Chart
https://www.atomicarchive.com/science/effects/radiation-effects-human.html
Don’t use conditioner
https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/08/15/543647878/in-the-event-of-a-nuclear-blast-don-t-condition-your-hair
US Power Grid
https://www.epa.gov/green-power-markets/us-electricity-grid-markets#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20U.S.%20Energy,the%20country%20(EIA%2C%202016)
Diethylenetriamene pentaacetate (DTPA),
https://emergency.cdc.gov/radiation/pdf/dtpa.pdf
Pictures and rights:
"Dad awaiting an MRI prior to radiation therapy" by SilverStack is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0.
The Day After ABC (1993)
"Plutonium Puck" by Savannah River Site is licensed under CC BY 2.0.
"destruction" by monkeyc.net is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.
"death" by monkeyc.net is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.
"160913-F-BP133-163.jpg" by AirmanMagazine is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0.
"Datacenter" by e53 is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0.
"Whale and Dolphin Flying The Enola Gay" by asmith62378 is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.
"Miata" by gibsonsgolfer is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0.
PRESIDENT HARRY S TRUMAN TALKS ON ATOMIC BOMBS
Department of Defense. Department of the Army. Office of the Chief Signal Officer.
8/6/1945
299
-
297
-
294
-
294
-
292
-
285
-
279
-
272
-
268
-
267
-
260
-
259
-
257
-
254
-
253
-
253
-
252
-
250
-
249
-
247
-
NOTE: I may have been wrong about this and an updated video is here:
https://youtube.com/shorts/9y-sxaGGJSM
There's been a lot of misinformation about DPICM, so let me set the record straight. DPICM or Dual Purpose Improved Conventional Munitions or "cluster bombs" are a way of delivering ordinance to a target without the need for precision aiming.
The problem, is that when the DPICM shell opens up to deploy its submunitions, some submunitions (1%-3% for NATO, up to 40% for Russian) are damaged when they smack into each other. This means that they become "duds" and don't explode, although they are still dangerous, and essentially become land mines.
This means that they can't be used in urban areas where civilians may be present. It also means that you can't use them against targets you intend to overrun later because you are creating your own minefield.
DPICM isn't necessarily good against trenches either because their explosive power is more like a grenade than an artillery shell. So soldiers can hide in bunkers successfully against submunitions - these shells are devastating against soldiers and vehicles in the open, but not so good against solders under cover.
Because of the nature of the war in Ukraine, I believe that Ukraine will instead disassemble the DPICM 155 rounds and use them individually as drone-dropped munitions.
For uncensored video, check out my substack at:
https://ryanmcbeth.substack.com
Like my shirts? Get your own at:
https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/ryan-mcbeth
Want a personalized greeting:
https://www.cameo.com/ryanmcbeth
Watch all of my long form videos:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt670_P7pOGmLWZG78JlM-rG2ZrpPziOy
Twitter:
@ryanmcbeth
Join the conversation:
https://discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
247
-
245
-
241
-
235
-
234
-
232
-
232
-
231
-
The data, PowerPoints and Google Earth File along with a longer explanation is available here:
https://ryanmcbeth.substack.com/p/oops
Based on the analysis, I believe that there is almost no chance (a 0-5% chance) that intelligent life has visited Earth.
1. There seems to be a scarcity of life.
2. Earth may be difficult to detect.
3. The motivation of an alien to travel to Earth may be limited to defense - which means that the only reason we are alive as a species is that we havn't been visted.
Special thanks to:
Dr. Oisín Creaner, Assistant Professor in Physical Sciences at Dublin City University
Professor Marco Thiel, PhD, University of Aberdeen (UK)
Andy Silber, PhD
PhD Student Robin Mentel, University College Dublin
PhD Student Ethan from Northumbria University.
PhD Student Roland Timmerman from Leiden Observatory
Keane Halls from Bangor University
Scott Madison, a “Smarty-Pants” from New Mexico Tech
Ryan Frazee, Cosmologist, University of Kansas
And Brian Drourr, professional astrophotographer
Any mistakes I have made are solely my own.
For uncensored video, check out my substack at:
https://ryanmcbeth.substack.com
Like my shirts? Get your own at:
https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/ryan-mcbeth
Want a personalized greeting:
https://www.cameo.com/ryanmcbeth
Watch all of my long form videos:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt670_P7pOGmLWZG78JlM-rG2ZrpPziOy
Twitter:
@ryanmcbeth
Join the conversation:
https://discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
224
-
222
-
221
-
Go to https://ground.news/RyanMcbeth to stay fully informed. Subscribe through my link for 40% the Vantage plan for unlimited access this month only.
Professor Francois Balloux is the Chair in Computational Biology Systems at the University College, London. However, he is not an expert in the Law of Armed Conflict, weaponeering or targeting.
https://www.ucl.ac.uk/biosciences/people/francois-balloux
His reckless spreading of misinformation as to what constitutes Israeli "war crimes" was viewed over 1.6 million times.
The Geneva Conventions can be found here:
https://www.icrc.org/en/law-and-policy/geneva-conventions-and-their-commentaries
The basics of the LOAC or Law of Armed Conflict can be found here:
https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/assets/files/other/law1_final.pdf (PDF)
Essentially, the four types of lawful targets are:
Combatants
Military infrastructure
Supply lines and logistics
Weapons and ammunition
Generally unlawful targets (with very narrow exceptions) are:
Civilians and civilian infrastructure
Medical personnel and facilities
Cultural, religious, and historic sites
Surrendering combatants and prisoners of war:
NOTE:
The Law of Armed Conflict does not preclude militaries from firing at civilian locations, if it can be proven the adversary is using the civilians for cover.
Military Necessity and Proportionality work hand in hand to designate a lawful target. A target can be considered lawful and proportionate if value of its destruction, capture, or neutralization offers a concrete and direct military advantage and the destruction does not cause excessive civilian harm compared to the anticipated military advantage of the strike.
For uncensored video, check out my substack at:
https://ryanmcbeth.substack.com
Like my shirts? Get your own at:
https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/ryan-mcbeth
Want a personalized greeting:
https://www.cameo.com/ryanmcbeth
Watch all of my long form videos:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt670_P7pOGmLWZG78JlM-rG2ZrpPziOy
Twitter:
@ryanmcbeth
Instagram:
@therealryanmcbeth
BlueSky
@ryanmcbeth
Reddit:
/r/ryanmcbeth
Join the conversation:
https://discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
219
-
216
-
211
-
211
-
208
-
Get one of my t-shirts at BunkerBranding: https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/ryan-mcbeth
In 216 BC, Rome suffered its worst defeat in history at the Battle of Cannae.
Carthaginian general Hannibal has absolutely wrecked the Roman army, surrounding and annihilating them in a masterful tactical maneuver. Over 50,000 Roman soldiers are dead in a single day.
Rome responded by using asymmetric warfare with the "Fabian strategy" avoiding direct battles and Wearing Hannibal down. Rome ran out of men for its legions and resorted to enlisting teenagers, freed slaves, and criminals.
Instead of fighting Hannibal in Italy, Scipio invaded North Africa (204 BC), forcing Carthage to recall Hannibal.
Scipio decisively defeated Hannibal, ending the war in Rome’s favor.
Ukraine has asked for nothing except arms and ammunition, in a battle for their very survival.
We were there once in 1776. And if we don’t stand up for freedom now, what will we do when China arrives on our doorstep?
For uncensored video, check out my substack at:
https://ryanmcbeth.substack.com
Like my shirts? Get your own at:
https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/ryan-mcbeth
Want a personalized greeting:
https://www.cameo.com/ryanmcbeth
Watch all of my long form videos:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt670_P7pOGmLWZG78JlM-rG2ZrpPziOy
Twitter:
@ryanmcbeth
Instagram:
@therealryanmcbeth
BlueSky
@ryanmcbeth
Reddit:
/r/ryanmcbeth
Join the conversation:
https://discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
206
-
205
-
200
-
193
-
189
-
189
-
186
-
185
-
183
-
183
-
182
-
182
-
182
-
180
-
178
-
176
-
175
-
174
-
173
-
172
-
166
-
166
-
The headstamps on a recovered DShK shell casings appear to be marked with the Persian words "DShK" (دوشکا), Defense Industries organization (DIO) ساصد / سازمان صنایع دفاع جمهوری اسلامی ایران and the Persian number 70 (۷۰).
Since the primers on the shells were dented, this indicates the the shells were fired, possibly by a DShK machine gun. The DShK machine gun is an anti-material / anti-light armored vehicle machine gun firing a 12.7x108mm shell - something that is roughly the length of a man's hand.
There is no use case for using this weapon against protestors.
Like my shirts? Get your own at:
https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/ryan-mcbeth
Watch all of my long form videos:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt670_P7pOGmLWZG78JlM-rG2ZrpPziOy
Connect with me on
Twitter:
@ryanmcbeth
Telegram:
@rmcbeth
Web:
RyanMcBeth.com
I don’t have a Patreon account. If you want to give me money, give it to:
HelpIsOnTheWayUA.com
Join the conversation:
https://discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
Rights:
"Welcome to New Jersey" by bobbsled is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0.
People send me stuff from all over, but a lot seems aggregate at:
https://twitter.com/1500tasvir
By José Manuel Suárez, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4602887
Iran Map
https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/iran_map.htm
Iran football team
[Leonhard Foeger/Reuters]
By Magharebia - flickr, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=33017731
By Bug de l'an 2000 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=14719963
https://www.reddit.com/r/shittytechnicals/comments/yyeei5/toyota_pickup_with_a_20_mm_vulcan_in_yemen/
U.S. President George H. W. Bush greets Somali women and children while visiting U.S. troops in Somalia on January 2, 1993. Bush deployed thousands of U.S. troops to Somalia in 1992 to help the population deal with a devastating famine.
RICK WILKING/REUTERS
"An Oxfam committee meeting takes place (Ivory Coast)" by Oxfam International is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.
By Sajad-HasanAhmadi - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=69838679
"Vacation 50 CALIBER SHOOT! (17)" by postal67 is licensed under CC BY 2.0.
http://replica-weapons.com/replica-artillery-shells-and-projectiles/soviet-127x108-cartridges-replica-set.html
166
-
166
-
164
-
164
-
162
-
162
-
162
-
Watch all of my long form videos:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt670_P7pOGmLWZG78JlM-rG2ZrpPziOy
Connect with me on Twitter:
@ryanmcbeth
I don’t have a Patreon account. If you want to give me money, give it to:
HelpIsOnTheWayUA.com
Or
WCK.com
Join the conversation:
https://discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
The original video from @Бутусов Плюс is located here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aa6VuUd31qA
I believe that this video took place in Yoshkar-Ola, Russia sometime in September. The specific coordinates are here:
56.630005, 47.840576
And can be found on Google Maps here:
https://www.google.com/maps/search/prison+near+Yoshkar-Ola,+Russia/@56.629717,47.8395021,133m/data=!3m1!1e3
The green building is located here:
https://www.google.com/maps/@56.6297064,47.839473,123m/data=!3m1!1e3
The smokestack is located here:
https://www.google.com/maps/@56.6291139,47.8390943,122m/data=!3m1!1e3
You can see the smokestack from the road here:
https://www.google.com/maps/@56.6274389,47.8422612,3a,60y,328.5h,94.06t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sqBYqqVdycdJN2TIzUjsF5g!2e0!7i13312!8i6656
160
-
158
-
Thanks to Keeps for sponsoring this video & for the free product! Head to http://keeps.com/ryanmcbeth to get a special offer. Individual results may vary.
Are we fighting World War III right now? The argument can be made that the current global conflict, particularly centered around Ukraine, shares many characteristics with past world wars—multiple actors, new weapons systems, economic warfare, and pervasive propaganda. The conflict, which arguably began with Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014, has seen the West's response largely in the form of diplomatic and economic measures, avoiding direct military confrontation. An avoidance which is built on the presumption of nuclear weapon use. However, use of nuclear weapons is unlikely due to the significant strategic and political repercussions.
This new modern warfare is increasingly fought in cyberspace and through media. This new type of warfare aims to influence minds, shape perceptions, and create divisions through misinformation and fear. We are already fighting World War III whether you like it or not.
For uncensored video, check out my substack at:
https://ryanmcbeth.substack.com
Like my shirts? Get your own at:
https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/ryan-mcbeth
Want a personalized greeting:
https://www.cameo.com/ryanmcbeth
Watch all of my long form videos:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt670_P7pOGmLWZG78JlM-rG2ZrpPziOy
Twitter:
@ryanmcbeth
Instagram:
@therealryanmcbeth
BlueSky
@ryanmcbeth
Reddit:
/r/ryanmcbeth
Join the conversation:
https://discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
157
-
156
-
156
-
Join the conversation at:
https://discord.gg/AyX5j8chNE
Follow me on Twitter @ryanmcbeth
The Marine Corps was founded in 1775 as a force to augment the Navy when performing boarding actions, repelling borders and performing raids. But since that time, the USMC has turned into an agile, and creative expeditionary force that is often the first to arrive at an intervention.
Marine corps puppy killers
https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/puppy-killers/
Marine Corps history:
https://www.usmcu.edu/Research/Marine-Corps-History-Division/Brief-Histories/Brief-History-of-the-United-States-Marine-Corps/
New DoD Adviser Has Made Controversial Proposal: Get Rid of the Marine Corps
https://www.military.com/daily-news/2020/11/12/new-dod-adviser-has-made-controversial-proposal-get-rid-of-marine-corps.html
How to Absorb the Marine Corps into the Army and Navy
https://www.military.com/daily-news/2020/11/12/new-dod-adviser-has-made-controversial-proposal-get-rid-of-marine-corps.html
Marine Amphibious Landing in Korea, 1871
https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/m/marine-amphibious-landing-korea-1871.html
The Battle of Ganghwa, Korea, 1871
https://www.history.navy.mil/about-us/leadership/director/directors-corner/h-grams/h-gram-063/h-063-5.html
Close Air Support
MCWP 3-23.1
What is the most important innovation ever adopted by the Marine Corps?
November 2019 Proceedings
https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/2019/november/what-most-important-innovation-ever-adopted-marine-corps
Goodbye, tanks: How the Marine Corps will change, and what it will lose, by ditching its armor
https://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/your-marine-corps/2021/03/22/goodbye-tanks-how-the-marine-corps-will-change-and-what-it-will-lose-by-ditching-its-armor/#:~:text=%E2%80%9CWe%20have%20sufficient%20evidence%20to,the%20divestment%20of%20Marine%20tanks.
Army soldiers Celebrate MArine Corps Birthday.
https://www.army.mil/article/30358/marines_cut_cake_celebrate_234th_birthday
Deception in the Desert
Deceiving Iraq in Operation DESERT STORM
https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Books/Browse-Books/iBooks-and-EPUBs/Deception-in-the-Desert/#:~:text=On%2024%20February%2C%20the%20first,first%20phase%20in%20Coalition%20amphibious
Marines Over the Western Front
https://www.usni.org/magazines/naval-history-magazine/2006/june/marines-over-western-front
Rights:
"Marines Landing at Inchon, Korea, 15 September 1950" by Archives Branch, USMC History Division is marked with CC BY 2.0.
"The old Tun Tavern, Philadelphia. Drawing." by Marion Doss is marked with CC BY-SA 2.0.
"'Higgins Boat' - D-Day Amphibious Landing Craft" by string_bass_dave is marked with CC BY-SA 2.0.
"V-22 Osprey" by Tim Pohlhaus is marked with CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.
"Boeing V-22 Osprey" by Loco Steve is marked with CC BY 2.0.
"Monterrey falls during Mexican-American War" by MIRAR a FONDO is marked with CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.
155
-
Join Atlas VPN by clicking the link below and get 3 years of VPN service for only $1.99 a month:
https://get.atlasvpn.com/McBeth
Check out Preston Stewart's channel:warstories.coConnect with me on Twitter:@ryanmcbeth
Join the conversation:https://discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
Artillery is known as the King of Battle for a reason. Artillery can be a force multiplier for any unit when they get into trouble.
The Forward Observer (FO) and the Fire Direction Center (FDC) work together to calculate how to get the artillery rounds to the target. The gun crew aims, and feeds the shells.
The M777 is currently in use by the US Army, US Marine Corps, Ukrainian Army, Canadian Army, Australian Army, Saudi Arabian Army and Indian Army.
Thank you to:
Specialist Jack Carrol
Sergeant Dietrich Culley
Sergeant Christopher Lamb
Captain Preston Stewart
And all of the other soldiers and Marines who wish to remain anonymous that helped make this video.
Any mistakes in this video are my own.
Rights:
Charlie Battery: A Marine Artillery Unit in Iraq
By Andrew Lubin
ARMY TM 9-1025-211-10*
TC 3-09.81
"Prussian artillery under fire, Siegesfest 2017, Großbeeren (Brandenburg, Germany)" by Steffen Kamprath is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0.
"Versailles: Château de Versailles - Galeries de L'Histoire de France - La galerie des Batailles - Bataille de Wagram" by wallyg is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.
"File:WWI South Australian Signallers with Heliographs.jpg" by State Library of South Australia is licensed under CC BY 2.0.
"Soldiers with the Indian army fire their weapons during a room clearing demonstration at Chaubattia Military Station, India" by #PACOM is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.
"A reenactment at Romsey in Hampshire of French soldiers during a skirmish in the Napoleonic wars" by Anguskirk is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.
1169-Representacion de la Batalla de Elviñña (Coruña)by jl.cernadas
World War II Marine Corps Gun Crew Postcard 1942by Puzzler4879
155
-
155
-
154
-
153
-
151
-
150
-
148
-
146
-
143
-
140
-
139
-
139
-
139
-
136
-
135
-
134
-
133
-
133
-
132
-
132
-
131
-
127
-
Go to https://ground.news/Ryan to stay fully informed. Subscribe through my link for 40% the Vantage plan for unlimited access.
It is estimated that between 11 and 13 million illegal immigrants are in the USA. What would it cost to actually deport every single one?
According to the Immigration and Customs Enforcement numbers, along with the American Immigration council, a fugitive arrests costs roughly $6,736.87 per arrest.
Once the subject is detained, housing them costs $236.52 for a single person and $481.79 for a family.
Trial costs $1,719.57.
Deportation costs $1,479.29.
If the US were to detain, process, trial and deport or release every single illegal immigrant, it would most likely take at least 3 days.
Day 1: Capture, detention and processing.
Day 2: Trial
Day 3: Deportation or release.
This would cost the US Taxpayer $114,627,139,970.
If the process takes as long as 30 days, the cost would go up to $185,039,617,010.
If the process takes as long as a year, the cost would go up to $1,058,675,906,210.
Note that a one year wait is on the extreme end. The process might likely take between 3 and 30 days. But outliers could take longer.
For uncensored video, check out my substack at:
https://ryanmcbeth.substack.com
Like my shirts? Get your own at:
https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/ryan-mcbeth
Want a personalized greeting:
https://www.cameo.com/ryanmcbeth
Watch all of my long form videos:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt670_P7pOGmLWZG78JlM-rG2ZrpPziOy
Twitter:
@ryanmcbeth
Instagram:
@therealryanmcbeth
BlueSky
@ryanmcbeth
Reddit:
/r/ryanmcbeth
Join the conversation:
https://discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
126
-
125
-
125
-
123
-
Watch my how NORAD Tracks Santa video here:
https://youtu.be/ncUPKHXhaZk
Like my shirts? Get your own at:
https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/ryan-mcbeth
Want to donate money? Send it to:
HelpIsOnTheWayUA.com
or
wck.org
Supposedly, this Ukraine struck Engels Air Base in Russia with another drone. Russian Telegram claims that 5 Tu-95 and bombers were heavily damaged, 2 were lightly damaged and the strike resulted in several ground crew casualties.
I am not sure if this is true and satellite coverage has been hampered by clouds. However, if it is true than Russia needs to do one of 3 things:
#1. Step of their air defense game.
#2. Rebase their forces out of range of Ukrainian drones.
Both of these choices have associated costs. Rebasing will protect these assets, but it takes a lot of effort to move squadrons of aircraft -especially maintenance heavy bombers.
Protecting these bases with air defense assets will shrink the pool of air defense assets available at the borders of Ukraine.
Dilemmas not problems.
Watch all of my long form videos:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt670_P7pOGmLWZG78JlM-rG2ZrpPziOy
Connect with me on
Twitter:
@ryanmcbeth
Telegram:
@rmcbeth
Web:
RyanMcBeth.com
I don’t have a Patreon account. If you want to give me money, give it to:
HelpIsOnTheWayUA.com
Join the conversation:
https://discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
References and Rights:
https://twitter.com/PStyle0ne1/status/1607346936301993985
https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/av-orbat.htm
https://ourairports.com/airports/RU-8602/weather.html
https://news.yahoo.com/satellite-images-russian-airbase-engels-144156843.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/26/world/europe/russia-drone-attack-ukraine.html
https://www.chemguard.com/fire-suppression/catalog/foam-concentrates/aqueous-film-forming-foam-afff/c3b-lt29.aspx
https://www.wunderground.com/weather/ru/engels
By RAF - Photo http://www.defenceimagery.mod.uk/fotoweb/fwbin/download.dll/45153802.jpgMetadata source: http://www.defenceimagery.mod.uk/fotoweb/fwbin/fotoweb_isapi.dll/ArchiveAgent/5042/Search?FileInfo=1&MetaData=1&Search=45158140.jpg, OGL v1.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=36739848
By Alex Beltyukov - http://russianplanes.net/id166426, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=42174662
By Bernhard Gröhl - Own work, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1175181
https://nationalfoam.com/foam-concentrates/afff/aer-o-lite/
By Vitaly V. Kuzmin - http://vitalykuzmin.net/?q=node/521, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=29468421
123
-
122
-
121
-
121
-
121
-
120
-
If you wish to see unedited version of this video, the link to my Substack is here:
https://ryanmcbeth.substack.com/p/ukranian-bunker-attack-analysis-long
If you want to use my slides for hip-pocket training or a class/presentation, the slides are here:
https://www.ryanmcbeth.com/single-post/ukranian-bunker-attack-analysis.
This video shows a Russian attack on a Ukrainian OP/LP or Observation Post / Listening Post. A Russian solder somehow flanked this OP/LP, threw a grenade and then assaults the position. The Ukrainians in the OP/LP are possibly wounded and concussed, but do not attempt to fight back or return fire. At one point, one soldier shouts the words: "Friendlies."
Some people have used this shouting as an indicator that the Russian soldier was wearing a Ukrainian uniform or armband. I have no proof of this. Rather, I believe that the soldiers could not understand how an attack from behind came so fast, so they were confused and their concussions didn't help either.
The Russian soldier tries to grab one of the soldier's rifles, but then decides that he is running out of time, and he fires at both soldiers. Then, the Russian's comrades take up defensive positions to prepare for counter attack.
I don't believe this is a war crime. Based on the video evidence, I believe that the Russian soldier made every attempt to get the Ukrainians to surrender, but he didn't have the time to ask them twice.
While tragic, this is war. And keep in mind that the real war crime is the Russian invasion of Ukraine in the first place.
For uncensored video, check out my substack at:
https://ryanmcbeth.substack.com
Like my shirts? Get your own at:
https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/ryan-mcbeth
Watch all of my long form videos:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt670_P7pOGmLWZG78JlM-rG2ZrpPziOy
Twitter:
@ryanmcbeth
Telegram:
@rmcbeth
Web:
RyanMcBeth.com
Join the conversation:
https://discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
120
-
120
-
119
-
Achih from Mercer Island High School reached out to me to answer some questions about the Causes, Procedures, and aftermath of Nuclear War.
Answers to his questions are below:
1. What events do you believe could trigger a nuclear first strike, and how could the ongoing war in Ukraine specifically spark an exchange?
I think there are two scenarios. First would be a tactical strike on a Ukrainian unit that has broken through Russian lines. Although I think this would only happen if Russian lines were collapsing. The second would be if Russia wanted to breakthrough Ukrainian lines. Using a nuclear weapon to attrit forces before an attack was practiced by the US in the 1950s and the Soviets had similar tactics.
Also remember that precision guided munitions have capabilities we could only dream of back in the 1950's. Back then you might use a nuclear weapon on a bridge because bridges are so hard to destroy. Today use a few PGMs and call it a day. So in some senses, nuclear weapons are less useful, though they could be used in tactical attack or defense, or for destroying underground bunkers or naval targets like carriers.
2. Are there any known or believed Russian plans/procedures for a nuclear first strike outside of those outlined in the Army's Opposing Force Tactics from 2011?
We don't really know,. It can be assumed that they would use nuclear weapons for the above reason.
3. What parts of the United States, if any, would be the most likely to survive in a nuclear war?
The FEMA Map from 2015 shows a good example of likely targets. Although I don't see a full strike as a possibility. Remember you have two purposes to a nuclear strike - counter force and counter value. Counter force attrits your enemy's capability to fight. Counter-value attrits the economic ability of a country to wage war. I could see a single nuclear weapon being used on a target like WalMart's headquarters or datacenter. Or perhaps a port facility like New Orleans or Long Beach to snarl gas or shipping. Would the US respond in kind to one first strike? Maybe. But I don't see total commitment.
4. What are some commonly held beliefs or misinformation surrounding the possibility of a nuclear war?
I think the first is that nuclear war means total commitment. That might not necessarily be true. It is possible that nuclear weapons may be used on a tactical level in a limited capacity.
Second, one nuclear bomb does not mean that the world will end. We've detonated 2100 nuclear weapons since the Trinity test and we're still here.
Third, radiation is not the boogieman people make it out to be. For every 7 fold increase in time there is a 10 fold decrease in radiation. It would be safe to go outside for short periods after a few days.
Forth is EMP. People look at EMP like it is a world-ending weapon... but the truth is that we really don't know. The modern electrical grid deals with EMP all the time - it's called lightning and we are still around.
For uncensored video, check out my substack at:
https://ryanmcbeth.substack.com
Like my shirts? Get your own at:
https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/ryan-mcbeth
Want a personalized greeting:
https://www.cameo.com/ryanmcbeth
Watch all of my long form videos:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt670_P7pOGmLWZG78JlM-rG2ZrpPziOy
Twitter:
@ryanmcbeth
Instagram:
@therealryanmcbeth
BlueSky
@ryanmcbeth
Reddit:
/r/ryanmcbeth
Join the conversation:
https://discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
118
-
118
-
117
-
116
-
115
-
YouTube Demonetized this video so you can get it on Substack for free here:
https://open.substack.com/pub/ryanmcbeth/p/why-striking-lebanon-is-different?r=20h0ql&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web
Get a Ryan McBeth Inaction figure here:
https://www.theknifehandco.com/
Israel has spent the past 10 months mapping out every inch of southern Lebanon finding every base, every tunnel, every supply depot.
Striking Hezbollah is a very low-risk proposition compared to striking targets in Gaza or Iran.
Every single Gaza strike brought the possibility of mass casualties, but in Gaza, this was a feature, not a bug for HAMAS. HAMAS needs civilian casualties because they cannot win a fight against Israel. The world must be so horrified that they end the conflict with a cease-fire and a cease-fire means a HAMAS win.
However, civilians in southern Lebanon can flee north, which is something that cannot be done by residents of Gaza. This makes Hezbollah a much more attractive target and reduces the amount of propaganda that can be released by Hezbollah.
Hezbollah is in a bad situation and they are starting to realize that Iran is not coming to help them.
Iran views its proxies the same way Bane viewed his henchmen in The Dark Knight Rises - useful, but ultimately expendable. They are speed bumps on the road to attacking Iran.
Iran’s goal here is to hold off any attack until the next presidential election when they will have some idea of what the next administration might be like.
The losers, as always are the civilians caught in the middle.
For uncensored video, check out my substack at:
https://ryanmcbeth.substack.com
Like my shirts? Get your own at:
https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/ryan-mcbeth
Want a personalized greeting:
https://www.cameo.com/ryanmcbeth
Watch all of my long form videos:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt670_P7pOGmLWZG78JlM-rG2ZrpPziOy
Twitter:
@ryanmcbeth
Instagram:
@therealryanmcbeth
BlueSky
@ryanmcbeth
Reddit:
/r/ryanmcbeth
Join the conversation:
https://discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
115
-
Get your "Department of the Boat People" gear here: https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/ryan-mcbeth
USS Dwight D. Eisenhower (CVN 69) provides a wide range of flexible mission capabilities, to include maritime security operations, expeditionary power projection, forward naval presence, crisis response, sea control, deterrence, counter-terrorism, information operations, security cooperation and counter-proliferation.
I was able to spend 24 hours on the ship and got a chance to witness how this amazing crew worked together as a team. Thank you to the sailors of the USS Dwight D. Eisenhower for this amazing opportunity.
For uncensored video, check out my substack at:
https://ryanmcbeth.substack.com
Like my shirts? Get your own at:
https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/ryan-mcbeth
Want a personalized greeting:
https://www.cameo.com/ryanmcbeth
Watch all of my long form videos:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt670_P7pOGmLWZG78JlM-rG2ZrpPziOy
Twitter:
@ryanmcbeth
Join the conversation:
https://discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
113
-
113
-
112
-
112
-
112
-
110
-
108
-
108
-
106
-
105
-
105
-
104
-
Connect with me on Twitter:
@ryanmcbeth
Watch my long form videos:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt670_P7pOGmLWZG78JlM-rG2ZrpPziOy
Like the chest rig hanging up?
Get a Made in USA / Berry Act compliant chest rig or play carrier at:
https://dynamicprinciples.us/
I don’t have a Patreon account. If you want to give me money, give it to:
HelpIsOnTheWayUA.com
Or
WCK.com
Join the conversation:
https://discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
Here is the math:
The shell casing box is:
830mm x 484mm x 270mm.
The Howitzer carriage trail is 2.15 meters.
The average height of a Russian man is 176 cm.
I estimated 1933mm on the boxes so ~2 meters.
I estimated 1.5 box lengths of the pile height, or roughly 1.5 meters.
I estimated the slope at 35 degrees using Coffee Beans as a substitute for shell casings.
When plugged into a triangle that gives a hypotenuse of 2.616 meters.
This means the surface area of the pile is 5.23 square meters.
If the casing width is 578mm x 152mm, then a 152mm shell casing takes up .089 square meters.
Divide 5.23square meters into .089 square meters and you get 58.
Add 10% to cover shells that have fallen over and you get ~64 shells.
Links:
Angle of repose:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_repose#:~:text=The%20angle%20of%20repose%2C%20or,0%C2%B0%20to%2090%C2%B0.
https://arconpartners.net/products/ammunition/large-caliber/152-mm-round-with-full-variable-charge-and-high-explosive-projectile-he-for-152-mm-gun-howitzer-d-20-and-howitzer-gun-ml-20/
https://kintex.bg/product-4-74
http://www.armaco.bg/en/product/artilery-ammunitions-c15/152mm-he-round-p196#product
Triangle Calculator:
https://www.calculator.net/triangle-calculator.html?vc=&vx=&vy=1.5&va=35&vz=&vb=90&angleunits=d&x=89&y=31
Credits:
Original twitter video:
https://twitter.com/CasualArtyFan/status/1563941670403579909
Images:
"Black is myfavorite!" by cbgrfx123 is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0.
"File:2A65 Msta-B howitzer (14-11-2019) 06.jpg" by Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation is licensed under CC BY 4.0.
"File:2A65 Msta-B howitzer (24-10-2017) 03.jpg" by Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation is licensed under CC BY 4.0.
"File:2A65 Msta-B howitzer (24-10-2017) 01.jpg" by Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation is licensed under CC BY 4.0.
"File:ParkPatriot2015part6-59.jpg" by Vitaly V. Kuzmin is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.
"File:2A65 Msta-B howitzer (14-11-2019) 04.jpg" by Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation is licensed under CC BY 4.0.
"Russ, Sayre & Minnie by a pile of coffee bean skins at La Azotea Estate, Antigua, Guatemala, Photo by Char" by ali eminov is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0.
"Corn Harvest" by ConanTheLibrarian is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.
"Sorted gravel pile from Pleistocene glacial outwash (St. Louisville gravel pits, Licking County, Ohio, USA) 31" by James St. John is licensed under CC BY 2.0.
"Dirt Pile" by jddunn is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.
"suburban landscape (parking lot dirt pile)" by r.a. paterson is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.
"Empty Casings" by The U.S. Army is licensed under CC BY 2.0.
104
-
102
-
102
-
100
-
100
-
99
-
98
-
98
-
97
-
Grab my Intel Life Hoodie or a signed copy of The Win Machine here: https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/ryan-mcbeth
Information on FISA 702 and the full transcript of the hearing can be found here:
https://ryanmcbeth.substack.com/p/did-tulsi-gabbard-just-blow-her-confirmation
Lieutenant Colonel Tulsi Gabbard is a truly American story.
She’s of Samoan and European ancestry. She’s a Hindu. She served as a state representative, a city councilwoman and a Representative for Hawaii. She was also an Army medic who went to officer training, eventually running a Military Police platoon and later a Civil Affairs battalion.
In 2020 she ran for president of the United States.
But in her rush to popularity, the very mechanisms that gave her popular appeal also raise serious questions about her judgement, especially for a position as vital as Director of National Intelligence who will brief the president every day.
Some of these positions are:
* Her video on biological laboratories in Ukraine.
* Her tweet blaming the US and NATO for Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
* Her appearance on the Joe Rogan Podcast where she repeated Russian propaganda regarding $700 payments to victims of the Maui wildfires.
* Her appearance on Charlie Kirk where she called Ukraine a “Proxy War of regime change.”
Note that it is understandable that being a good podcast guest requires a level of outrageousness. However, one should be wary when the performance aids our adversaries.
Note that during the confirmation process, the Wall Street Journal released an article (may be paywalled) titled “As a Rising Political Star, Gabbard Paid to Mask Her Sect’s Ties to Alleged Scheme.” This detailed LTC Gabbard’s efforts to distance herself from a pyramid scheme connected to her Hindu sect. Article 6 of the US Constitution specifically forbids any kind of religious test for public office.
Much of the testimony revolved around Edward Snowden, who was mentioned 62 times. Edward Snowden was a government IT contractor who stole state secrets, eventually releasing those secrets to the press and fleeting to Russia. You can read his account of the story in his autobiography "Permanent Record."
FISA 702 is a section of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act which permits the government to conduct targeted surveillance of foreign persons located outside the United States. Typically, conducting a search for a US Citizen would require a warrant except under very specific “ticking time bomb” scenarios. A brief explanation can be found here: https://ryanmcbeth.substack.com/p/did-tulsi-gabbard-just-blow-her-confirmation
Of the footage I watched, the most disturbing part of the dismissal of TikTok as just another data collection tool. TikTok is a cyberweapon. My video on the topic is here: https://ryanmcbeth.substack.com/p/tiktok-is-a-cyberweapon
Note that it is extremely rare that a cabinet official does not get confirmed by the Senate. Typically, a controversial appointee withdraws their name before a vote.
Roughly 95% of nominees are eventually confirmed by the Senate.
For uncensored video, check out my substack at:
https://ryanmcbeth.substack.com
Like my shirts? Get your own at:
https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/ryan-mcbeth
Want a personalized greeting:
https://www.cameo.com/ryanmcbeth
Watch all of my long form videos:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt670_P7pOGmLWZG78JlM-rG2ZrpPziOy
Twitter:
@ryanmcbeth
Instagram:
@therealryanmcbeth
BlueSky
@ryanmcbeth
Reddit:
/r/ryanmcbeth
Join the conversation:
https://discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
97
-
96
-
96
-
96
-
95
-
95
-
95
-
93
-
Go to https://piavpn.com/mcbeth to get 83% off Private Internet Access with 4 months free!
Get my novel "The Win Machine" here: https://a.co/d/ekVdlci
Also available as an audiobook here: https://a.co/d/ekVdlci
In my novel “The Win Machine,” one plot point involves China’s attempt to break the Guinness Book of World Records in blood donated during a single day. Since blood donation is not popular in China, it is seen as a prelude to war.
It’s a good book and you should read it.
But what other signs might we see before a full scale invasion?
Stockpiling commodities: Food, fuel, medicines, machine tools and spare parts. Basically anything that can be embargoed. Note that China now has a playbook to see how the world will react with the war in Ukraine. It might use that playbook to predict how to survive and fight with sanctions.
Rare Earth Metal Restrictions: Rare earth metals are critical components in things like LED displays, touch screens, magnets, and radars. China might stop exporting these minerals or encourage the US to divest from rare earth mining.
Restrictions on VPN usage: VPNs or Virtual Private Networks act as tunnels to connect your computer to a “private” network. This might be your workplace, or it might be a VPN service that allows you to bypass local censorship or restrictions. Technically, VPN usage is banned in China without special permission. However, this ban isn’t aggressively enforced. If tourists and expatriates suddenly find the bans enforced, it could be an indicator.
Divesture of markets: You might see China divest from American and Western markets along with the purchase of more gold. You might also see China shift toward the homegrown CIPS banking system over the international SWIFT banking system.
Disinformation: China will use disinformation as a weapons effector with kinetic effects on target.
For uncensored video, check out my substack at:
https://ryanmcbeth.substack.com
Like my shirts? Get your own at:
https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/ryan-mcbeth
Want a personalized greeting:
https://www.cameo.com/ryanmcbeth
Watch all of my long form videos:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt670_P7pOGmLWZG78JlM-rG2ZrpPziOy
Twitter:
@ryanmcbeth
Instagram:
@therealryanmcbeth
BlueSky
@ryanmcbeth
Reddit:
/r/ryanmcbeth
Join the conversation:
https://discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
91
-
90
-
90
-
90
-
90
-
88
-
88
-
88
-
88
-
87
-
87
-
87
-
87
-
87
-
87
-
87
-
86
-
86
-
86
-
85
-
85
-
84
-
84
-
84
-
83
-
83
-
83
-
Get a Ryan McBeth Inaction Figure here: https://www.theknifehandco.com/
Sam, a high school student asked me several questions for an independent study project on misinformation and propaganda. The questions are:
1. What are some common examples of misinformation/deception/propaganda online?
2. Can misinformation be categorized based on intent, content type, medium, subject matter, and source? If so, how can one identify them and their differences?
3. Deception and propaganda seem to be distinct from other types of misinformation. Please help me understand the differences, if they are different, past being intentionally manipulative.
4. What techniques and strategies are necessary/essential to create and disseminate misleading information?
5. What are some of the psychological and social factors that make individuals more susceptible to misinformation?
6. How and why is it difficult to change somebody’s mind after they have been exposed to misinformation?
7. How does repetition and distraction play a big role when it comes to people believing misinformation?
8. What is the easiest way to detect misinformation?
9. To combat misinformation, what strategies can be implemented for developing countermeasures to promote critical thinking?
10. What are some other resources or materials that could help my research?
The MAGIC Disinformation Kill Chain stands for:
MAKE the goal
ACQUIRE the target
GENERATE the disinformation
INFILTRATE the target (or INITIATE the operation)
CASCADE the amplification
For uncensored video, check out my substack at:
https://ryanmcbeth.substack.com
Like my shirts? Get your own at:
https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/ryan-mcbeth
Want a personalized greeting:
https://www.cameo.com/ryanmcbeth
Watch all of my long form videos:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt670_P7pOGmLWZG78JlM-rG2ZrpPziOy
Twitter:
@ryanmcbeth
Instagram:
@therealryanmcbeth
BlueSky
@ryanmcbeth
Reddit:
/r/ryanmcbeth
Join the conversation:
https://discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
82
-
81
-
80
-
80
-
79
-
79
-
79
-
79
-
78
-
78
-
78
-
Join the discussion at:
https://discord.gg/AyX5j8chNE
Thermobaric weapons use a mixture of fuel, air and powered metal to create a massive fireball and explosion. These munitions are very useful against bunkers or buildings.
Note that the term "Vacuum bomb" is a misnomer. The bomb does not create a vacuum like in space, although it does use the surrounding oxygen in the air for use in the oxidization process.
Media:
Grain Silo Explosion:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5JZvjBoCGM
Combustible dust explosion:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5JZvjBoCGM
References:
How Grain Silos explode:
https://khqa.com/news/local/why-grain-bins-explode
US grain dust explosions decline in 2021
https://www.bakingbusiness.com/articles/55721-us-grain-dust-explosions-decline-in-2021
1 hurt in explosion at Elmore County grain silo
https://www.ktvb.com/article/news/local/mountain-home-grain-silo-explosion/277-3999133a-3adb-44d9-a655-ed1e6023539e
Grain silo explosion injures one in Canada
https://www.hazardexonthenet.net/article/184310/Grain-silo-explosion-injures-one-in-Canada.aspx
The danger of explosion in grain silos
https://www.cortemgroup.com/en/news/the-danger-of-explosion-in-grain-silos
Grain silo explodes in Eastern France
https://www.world-grain.com/articles/10479-grain-silo-explodes-in-eastern-france
MoD accidentally reveals British drones firing thermobaric missiles in Syria
https://dronewars.net/2018/05/02/mod-accidentally-reveals-british-drones-firing-thermobaric-missiles-in-syria/
NASA - 10 interesting things about air
https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2491/10-interesting-things-about-air/#:~:text=Air%20is%20mostly%20gas&text=The%20air%20in%20Earth's%20atmosphere,dioxide%2C%20neon%2C%20and%20hydrogen.
https://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather/atmospheric/is-humid-air-heavier-than-dry-air.htm
https://www.icrc.org/en/war-and-law/weapons
Quenching the wild wells of Kuwait
Richard L. Garwin and Henry W. Kendall
https://rlg.fas.org/Taming%20Wild%20Wells%20of%20Kuwait%20354011a0(2).pdf
RShG-1 Russia’s Latest Thermobaric Grenade
Adam Geibel
Infantry Magazine
September - December 2000
The Russian Way of War
Dr. Lester Grau, Charles K Bartles
Effect of metal powders on explosion of fuel-air explosives with delayed secondary igniters
Defense Technology
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214914720303408#!
Yong-xuWang, Yi Liu, Qi-ming Xu, Bin Li, Li-feng Xie
Media:
Grain Silo Explosion:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5JZvjBoCGM
Combustible dust explosion:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5JZvjBoCGM
References:
How Grain Silos explode:
https://khqa.com/news/local/why-grain-bins-explode
US grain dust explosions decline in 2021
https://www.bakingbusiness.com/articles/55721-us-grain-dust-explosions-decline-in-2021
1 hurt in explosion at Elmore County grain silo
https://www.ktvb.com/article/news/local/mountain-home-grain-silo-explosion/277-3999133a-3adb-44d9-a655-ed1e6023539e
Grain silo explosion injures one in Canada
https://www.hazardexonthenet.net/article/184310/Grain-silo-explosion-injures-one-in-Canada.aspx
The danger of explosion in grain silos
https://www.cortemgroup.com/en/news/the-danger-of-explosion-in-grain-silos
Grain silo explodes in Eastern France
https://www.world-grain.com/articles/10479-grain-silo-explodes-in-eastern-france
MoD accidentally reveals British drones firing thermobaric missiles in Syria
https://dronewars.net/2018/05/02/mod-accidentally-reveals-british-drones-firing-thermobaric-missiles-in-syria/
NASA - 10 interesting things about air
https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2491/10-interesting-things-about-air/#:~:text=Air%20is%20mostly%20gas&text=The%20air%20in%20Earth's%20atmosphere,dioxide%2C%20neon%2C%20and%20hydrogen.
https://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather/atmospheric/is-humid-air-heavier-than-dry-air.htm
https://www.icrc.org/en/war-and-law/weapons
Quenching the wild wells of Kuwait
Richard L. Garwin and Henry W. Kendall
https://rlg.fas.org/Taming%20Wild%20Wells%20of%20Kuwait%20354011a0(2).pdf
RShG-1 Russia’s Latest Thermobaric Grenade
Adam Geibel
Infantry Magazine
September - December 2000
The Russian Way of War
Dr. Lester Grau, Charles K Bartles
Effect of metal powders on explosion of fuel-air explosives with delayed secondary igniters
Defense Technology
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214914720303408#!
Yong-xuWang, Yi Liu, Qi-ming Xu, Bin Li, Li-feng Xie
77
-
76
-
76
-
75
-
73
-
Check out Rocket Money for free: https://RocketMoney.com/McBeth #rocketmoney #personalfinance
Any Sensor. Any Decider. Any Shooter. Keep that in mind. If deterrence fails, how will the US and its Allies defeat China in the Pacific? The plan comes down to Any Sensor. Any Decider. Any Shooter.
An Australian Special Forces soldier could notice a Chinese missile on an island, send all that information up to an American AWACS who then tasks the most effective and survivable unit to effect that target.
Project Convergence Capstone 4 is a yearly experiment held between the US Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force and Space Force, as well as the UK, France, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, and Australia to learn how to share data and work together to fuze sensors, deciders and shooters.
For uncensored video, check out my substack at:
https://ryanmcbeth.substack.com
Like my shirts? Get your own at:
https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/ryan-mcbeth
Want a personalized greeting:
https://www.cameo.com/ryanmcbeth
Watch all of my long form videos:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt670_P7pOGmLWZG78JlM-rG2ZrpPziOy
Twitter:
@ryanmcbeth
Instagram:
@therealryanmcbeth
BlueSky
@ryanmcbeth
Reddit:
/r/ryanmcbeth
Join the conversation:
https://discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
72
-
72
-
72
-
71
-
70
-
70
-
70
-
69
-
69
-
68
-
68
-
Go to https://ground.news/ryanmcbeth to stay fully informed. Subscribe through my link and get 40% the Vantage plan for unlimited access this month only.
All Video links and PDFs can be accessed from my substack at https://RyanMcBeth.Substack.com
On November 16th, 2023, IDF forces destroyed a monument to fallen Turkish Aid workers of the IHH. This video covers a history of why that happened, why the monument was built, why someone might destroy a monument during wartime and the legal justifications for doing so.
NOTE: A viewer pointed out that The Oslo Accords created 3 areas within the Occupied Territories. Area A is solely under Palestinian National Authority (PNA) jurisdiction, area B is under joint jurisdiction and Area C is solely under the jurisdiction of Israel. Therefore the enforcement of the 5758-1998 momuments law is limited to Israeli territory, and areas B and C of the Occupied Territories. In Area A, including Gaza, the PNA law applies. So Israel may be enforcing a law it has no right to enforce.
For uncensored video, check out my substack at:
https://ryanmcbeth.substack.com
Like my shirts? Get your own at:
https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/ryan-mcbeth
Want a personalized greeting:
https://www.cameo.com/ryanmcbeth
Watch all of my long form videos:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt670_P7pOGmLWZG78JlM-rG2ZrpPziOy
Twitter:
@ryanmcbeth
Instagram:
@therealryanmcbeth
BlueSky
@ryanmcbeth
Reddit:
/r/ryanmcbeth
Join the conversation:
https://discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
67
-
67
-
67
-
67
-
66
-
66
-
66
-
66
-
66
-
66
-
66
-
65
-
65
-
Like my Patriot Shirt? Get one at:
https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/ryan-mcbeth
Watch my Patriot video at:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RDJgQErMSdA
This long-range done attack is basically Ukraine's Doolittle moment. Russia now knows that its internal airbases are no longer safe and they may need to protect these areas with surface-to-air missile systems. This increases the stress on air defenders and equipment. It also increases the risk of mis-identifying and shooting down the wrong target.
In all, this is a dilemma, not a problem for Russia.
Connect with me on
Twitter:
@ryanmcbeth
I don’t have a Patreon account. If you want to give me money, give it to:
HelpIsOnTheWayUA.com
Join the conversation:
https://discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
Rights
By Bernhard Gröhl - Own work, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1175181.
Damage Walter Report: @walter_report
https://twitter.com/walter_report/status/1599840321994514432
Kursk Airport
Даниил Самойлов
By vitaly kuzmin - http://www.vitalykuzmin.net/keyword/air%20defence/i-MtJwptD/A, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=64857539
By Mil.ru, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=64978589
By Соколрус - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=40082350
By Mil.ru, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=106498775
65
-
65
-
64
-
64
-
63
-
62
-
62
-
62
-
61
-
61
-
61
-
61
-
60
-
Get my Live Laugh Launch shirts here:
https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/ryan-mcbeth
Despite being a peaceful nation with a relatively small population, Sweden boasts a robust arms industry, manufacturing weapons like the AT-4, Carl Gustav, and Bofors 40. This is largely due to Sweden's historical position between Finland and Norway during the Cold War, necessitating a strong defense capability. By maintaining their own arms production, Sweden ensures self-reliance in defense, as demonstrated by their contributions to international missions like KFOR in Kosovo and training efforts in Iraq. Joining NATO, Sweden brings a well-equipped military, including a strong army, air force, and navy, as well as a unique Total Defense policy that emphasizes preparedness for conflict. The video also showcases various Swedish military patches, highlighting different units and their contributions. Viewers are encouraged to send patches if they're from Sweden.
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
For uncensored video, check out my substack at:
https://ryanmcbeth.substack.com
Like my shirts? Get your own at:
https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/ryan-mcbeth
Want a personalized greeting:
https://www.cameo.com/ryanmcbeth
Watch all of my long form videos:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt670_P7pOGmLWZG78JlM-rG2ZrpPziOy
Twitter:
@ryanmcbeth
Instagram:
@therealryanmcbeth
BlueSky
@ryanmcbeth
Reddit:
/r/ryanmcbeth
Join the conversation:
https://discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
60
-
60
-
Join the conversation at:
https://discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Follow me on Twitter at:
@ryanmcbeth
The Crimea bridge was built by Russia after the Annexation of Crimea in 2014. This bridge is currently being used by Russia to shuttle troops and supplies into Crimea.
Why hasn't the bridge been destroyed? The answer to that goes back to America's involvement in Vietnam and the 7-year long quest to destroy the Thanh Hoa bridge. But the real answer may be something even more brilliant.
References:
Crimea SIze.
https://mapfight.xyz/map/crimea/#us.ma
A history of Crimea
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Crimea#Crimean_Khanate_(1441%E2%80%931783)
Russia Orders Military Drill, Stoking Tensions
https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304709904579406310892324006
New Rail Bridge to Crimea Strengthens Russia’s Hand Against Ukraine
https://www.wsj.com/articles/new-rail-bridge-to-crimea-strengthens-russias-hand-against-ukraine-11577379297
Russian Ministry of Defense releases video of armor crossing Crimea bridge
https://www.cnn.com/videos/world/2022/02/16/russia-ministry-of-defense-video-crimea-newday-intl-ldn-vpx.cnn
Historical Development of Bridges
http://www.bridgesdb.com/bridge-history-facts/historical-development-of-bridges/
Caravan Bridge
https://structurae.net/en/structures/caravan-bridge
Bridge Demolition Compilation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDoZkz0RqjI
Watch a perfectly executed bridge explosion in Germany
https://interestingengineering.com/bridge-explosion-demolition-germany
Slaying the Dragon
http://donhollway.com/thanh_hoa/
Breaking the Dragon’s Jaw
Air Force Magazine
The Air & Space Brief: Ukraine’s 56 fighter jets; Russia won’t leave American ISS astronaut behind; A ‘No Fly Zone’ test
https://www.defenseone.com/threats/2022/03/air-space-brief-ukraines-56-fighter-jets-russia-wont-leave-american-iss-astronaut-behind-no-fly-zone-test/363180/
Rights:
"File:Crimea Bridge.jpg" by Leon petrosyan is marked with CC BY-SA 4.0.
"Mongol Invasions" by AK Rockefeller is marked with CC BY-SA 2.0.
"Vietnam War" by expertinfantry is marked with CC BY 2.0.
"Posse of Hunters" by Illustrated in Blue is marked with CC BY 2.0.
"Lithuania’s Foreign Vice-Minister pays tribute to victims of deportation of Crimean Tatars" by Lithuanian MFA is marked with CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.
"Nicholas II and family" by OlestC is marked with CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.
By Kremlin.ru, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5377922
"Sevastopol (2005-08-103)" by Argenberg is marked with CC BY 2.0.
"Kiev monk hearing confession during protest" by jimforest is marked with CC BY 2.0.
"File:Viktor Yanukovych 27 April 2010-1.jpeg" by Premier.gov.ru is marked with CC BY 4.0.
"Vladimir Putin" by theglobalpanorama is marked with CC BY-SA 2.0.
http://www.aosgm.com/projects/crimean_bridge/index.php?sphrase_id=57027
"Roman Aquaduct - Pont du Gard, France" by Jonathan Gross is marked with CC BY-ND 2.0
"Indochina ca. 1930 - Région de Thanh Hoa - Tombeaux royaux - Khu Lăng Miếu tổ tiên Nhà Nguyễn tại Thanh Hóa, khoảng 1930" by manhhai is marked with CC BY-NC 2.0.
"Public Domain: President Johnson with Vice President Humphrey and General Abrams in Cabinet Room by Yoichi R. Okamoto, 1968 (Yoichi Robert) (NARA)" by pingnews.com is marked with CC PDM 1.0.
"Republic F-105 Thunderchief" by twm1340 is marked with CC BY-SA 2.0.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f61UCSdvbAI
"SAIGON (April 4, 1975)—Smoke rises from the wreckage of a US C-5A" by manhhai is marked with CC BY 2.0.
"Another Vietnam" by manhhai is marked with CC BY 2.0
"Upside down 'M' - Murray State Football Field" by Lori SR is marked with CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.
"Fed Ex Field Wide angle Tokina 11-16 mm lens" by Southern Merlund guy is marked with CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.
"са́ло" by Tinker Sailor Soldier Spy is marked with CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.
'Zbroya ta Bezpeka' military fair, Kyiv, Ukraine, 2021
"Russian surface-to-air missile system S-300 PMU2 Favorit. Комплекс С-300 ПМУ2 Фаворит." by Peer.Gynt is marked with CC BY-SA 2.0.
"File:92N6A radar for S-400.jpg" by vitaly kuzmin is marked with CC BY-SA 4.0.
60
-
59
-
59
-
59
-
59
-
58
-
58
-
57
-
57
-
57
-
56
-
55
-
55
-
54
-
54
-
54
-
54
-
54
-
53
-
53
-
53
-
53
-
53
-
52
-
52
-
52
-
52
-
52
-
51
-
51
-
51
-
50
-
50
-
49
-
49
-
49
-
49
-
48
-
48
-
48
-
47
-
46
-
46
-
45
-
45
-
45
-
45
-
44
-
44
-
44
-
44
-
44
-
43
-
43
-
43
-
43
-
42
-
42
-
42
-
42
-
42
-
41
-
41
-
41
-
41
-
41
-
40
-
40
-
40
-
40
-
40
-
40
-
39
-
39
-
39
-
39
-
39
-
39
-
39
-
38
-
Skip the waitlist and invest in blue-chip art for the very first time by signing up for Masterworks: https://masterworks.art/ryanmcbeth
Purchase shares in great masterpieces from artists like Pablo Picasso, Banksy, Andy Warhol, and more. 🎨
See important Masterworks disclosures: http://masterworks.io/cd
Want to support the channel and get my shirts here:
https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/ryan-mcbeth
Penicillin was a crucial factor in the Allied victory of World War II. This medicine helped soldiers get back on the battlefield faster. While Sulfa drugs were helpful, they were not effective against venereal disease, of which 10% of all soldiers eventually contracted.
Special thanks to:
Dr. Sieker for his immeasurable help with bactericidal science.
Dr. Asaf Shalev
Dr. Nils Böhringer University of Giessen
Biologist Benjamin Unruh
Dr. Benny Shapiro
Bao Ho of UMas Chan Medical School.
Dante Tomaino
Dr Guy Killick MRCVS for helping me get the Gram stain right.
And Dr. Abdullah Chahin for that amazing story about Duchesne
References:
Powder of Sympathy
https://royalsociety.org/blog/2022/01/powders-of-sympathy/
Mortality rates during childbirth
https://slate.com/technology/2013/09/death-in-childbirth-doctors-increased-maternal-mortality-in-the-20th-century-are-midwives-better.html
The Civil War: Sex and Soldiers
https://artsci.case.edu/dittrick/online-exhibits/history-of-birth-control/contraception-in-america-1800-1900/the-civil-war-sex-and-soldiers
General Washington Fines for VD
https://historycollection.com/these-famous-figures-suffered-during-historic-health-crises/16/
Civil War VD Rates
https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/facts.htm
Fit to Fight
https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2018/10/18/fit-to-fight-home-front-army-doctors-and-vd-during-ww-i/
Dyes in Germany
http://www.wollheim-memorial.de/en/entstehung_der_deutschen_farbenindustrie_en
Impact of Sulfa Drugs:
https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/app.2.2.118l
British World War I VD 11,000 soldiers
http://ww1centenary.oucs.ox.ac.uk/body-and-mind/the-british-army
Biscuit tins
https://www.mhs.ox.ac.uk/backfromthedead/exhibition/production/
Peoria played key role in mass production of penicillin
https://www.pjstar.com/story/news/local/2019/04/25/peoria-played-key-role-in/5340113007/
And if I perish (P210)
A Summary of Venereal Disease Statistics During World War II
https://achh.army.mil/history/book-wwii-communicablediseasesv5-appendixd
ernest-duchesne
https://incubator.rockefeller.edu/geek-of-the-week-ernest-duchesne/
Trenchfoot WWI (75000)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17219792/
Rights:
Enric likes Funk ;) - originally posted to Flickr as St Mary's Hospital
Camerawalker - Own work St Mary's hospital in Paddington London.
Gram Stain Courtesy Labs for Life, a partnership project of MoHFW and CDC
White Blood Cell Death / Georgia Atkin-smith
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y-EuAmKK5pM
E. coli Cells Explode / Credit: Bernhardt Lab
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jlyy1gN2UNY
Bacteria attacking White Blood Cells / British Society for Immunology
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KoN4bPG210o
Reconstructed skeleton of "Jane"
By Zissoudisctrucker - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=80955846
By Susannah Maidment et al. & Natural History Museum, London - Maidment SCR, Brassey C, Barrett PM (2015) The Postcranial Skeleton of an Exceptionally Complete Individual of the Plated Dinosaur Stegosaurus stenops (Dinosauria: Thyreophora) from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Wyoming, U.S.A. PLoS ONE 10(10): e0138352. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138352, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=45275061
By Arthur Charles-Orszag - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=76393927
By P.Lameiro - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=25626724
By Paja Jovanović (1859–1957) - Paja Jovanović (1970), Muzej grada Beograda, p. 30, PD-US, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6516071
By MamaGeek - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4010967
https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/image/L0057805.htmlWellcome Collection gallery (2018-04-06): https://wellcomecollection.org/works/yeqfhwph CC-BY-4.0, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=36204651
By Bundesarchiv, DH 2 Bild-F-01930 / CC-BY-SA 3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0 de, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5371958
By Augusto Ferrer-Dalmau - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=25464354
By Omargs10 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=47271172
By Bundesarchiv, Bild 141-0864 / CC-BY-SA 3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0 de, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5418734
By Bill Larkins - DSTunitedOAK, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=29362653
38
-
38
-
Go to https://ground.news/Ryan to stay fully informed. Subscribe through my link for 40% the Vantage plan for unlimited access.
Oops, I misspoke which happens sometimes when you do videos and don’t notice it. Eisenhower farewell address was in 1961, 1963. My bad.
The spreadsheet is available at https://ryanmcbeth.substack.com/
A lot of people believe that the military has a blank check when it comes to purchasing equipment, but there is a very careful and deliberate process called “RDA” or “Research Development Acquisition.”
The “R” and the “D” is the easiest part of the RDA process to understand. But people get hung up on the “A.”
Military equipment needs to meet certain criteria. Yes, you can buy a hammer from Home Depot, but will that hammer survive a supply drop by parachute? Can the hammer be decontaminated if subject to chemical attack? Will that hammer shatter in the arctic? And is that hammer made with materials from an adversarial foreign nation? Production temporarily halted on the F-35 in 2022 due to the discovery of rare earth metals sourced from China inside of a magnetic component of the F-35.
There are three decision support systems related to procurement:
* Joint Capability Integration and Development (JCIDS) - which provides requirements.
* Defense Acquisition Management - which supervises the formal process of each acquisition phase through milestones.
* Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution (PPBE) - which provides resources, such as funding.
So there is a very carful and well-regulated process to buying stuff for the US Military.
For uncensored video, check out my substack at:
https://ryanmcbeth.substack.com
Like my shirts? Get your own at:
https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/ryan-mcbeth
Want a personalized greeting:
https://www.cameo.com/ryanmcbeth
Watch all of my long form videos:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt670_P7pOGmLWZG78JlM-rG2ZrpPziOy
Twitter:
@ryanmcbeth
Instagram:
@therealryanmcbeth
BlueSky
@ryanmcbeth
Reddit:
/r/ryanmcbeth
Join the conversation:
https://discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
37
-
37
-
37
-
37
-
37
-
36
-
Interested in a Doculock Franchise? Click below:
https://doculockllc.com/mcbeth
Like my T-shirts?
https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/ryan-mcbeth
If the Bradley Fighting Vehicle is a very potent and capable platform that will give the Ukrainian Army a way to spot Artillery rounds, as well as carry infantry troops into battle and retain some anti-tank capability.
Connect with me on Twitter:
@ryanmcbeth
Watch my long form videos:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt670_P7pOGmLWZG78JlM-rG2ZrpPziOy
Join the conversation:
https://discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
Rights and References:
The Pentagon Wars
HBO 1998
Army FM 7-7J (Bradley)
Bradley Swim Pictures
https://forums.kitmaker.net/t/m2a0-bradley-swim-barrier-reference/16330
Reddit thread:
https://www.reddit.com/r/WarCollege/comments/erpmjm/having_just_watched_the_pentagon_wars_how_has_the/
https://www.battleorder.org/us-bradley-platoon
Modern Dragoons - Bradley Mechanized Infantry, CPT Christopher E. Lockhart, Infantry Magazine, Nov-Dec 1992/
AVAC
https://www.keymilitary.com/article/track-changed-tactics
Development of the American Tank-Infantry Team During World War II in Africa and Europe
by Captain J. L. Mudd Armor Magazine, September-October 1999.
Swim capability:
https://www.upi.com/Archives/1987/04/14/Army-suspends-combat-vehicle-swim-operations/1004545371200/
Desert storm:
https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ground/m2.htm
M2A2 ODS-SA
https://www.nationalguard.mil/News/Family-Programs/Article/575543/pennsylvania-army-guard-upgrades-to-latest-version-of-the-m2-bradley-fighting-v/
M2A4
https://www.armytimes.com/news/your-army/2022/04/25/first-unit-gets-modernized-bradley-fighting-vehicle/
Half Life Bradley
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wyYMQ6cFjFY
Panzer
By Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-783-0110-12 / Dörner / CC-BY-SA 3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0 de, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5413676
Tankers do tanker things:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O9f38CrCR5w
By RIA Novosti archive, image #1274 / RIA Novosti / CC-BY-SA 3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=15579759
By Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1988-1007-009,_Berlin,_39._Jahrestag_DDR-Gründung,_Parade.jpg: Mittelstädt, Rainerderivative work: Hohum (talk), CC BY-SA 3.0 de, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7497732
By Pibwl - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=15512587
By Konflikty.pl, Attribution, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=49673858
"Soviet soldier's on a combat mission ww2" by Za Rodinu is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.
"Vietnam War 1960s - Soldiers on dirt road in M113 APC" by manhhai is licensed under CC BY 2.0.
"File:RIAN archive 644460 First stage in the Soviet troop withdrawal from Afghanistan.jpg" by Yuriy Somov / Юрий Сомов is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
"DONG HA 1972 - South Vietnamese troops move up on M113 APC." by manhhai is licensed under CC BY 2.0..
"Vietcong models with RPG" by Der_Henk is licensed under CC BY 2.0.
"Vietnam War Photo" by manhhai is licensed under CC BY 2.0.
"1963 M113 APC. Bavaria, Germany" by mcdolan79 is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.
"Tên lửa chống tăng Maljutka AT-3 Sagger của Nga" by manhhai is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0.
"17 Mar 1973, Saigon, South VN --- Vietcong Lt. Gen. Tran Van Tra gestures during Press Conference" by manhhai is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0.
"Near Quang Tri on the DMZ border -- patrol along the 17th Parallel. Vietnam, 1971" by manhhai is licensed under CC BY 2.0.
"BMP-1 Jüterbog / Altes Lager" by 270862 is licensed under CC BY-ND 2.0.
https://egyptindependent.com/first-egyptian-soldier-to-raise-egyptian-flag-in-sinai-during-october-war-dies-at-72/
BMPs 4 wheeling
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f44JIUD5IWk
By Steve F-E-Cameron (Merlin-UK) - Self-photographed, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2121564
36
-
36
-
35
-
35
-
35
-
35
-
35
-
34
-
34
-
34
-
34
-
34
-
33
-
33
-
33
-
33
-
Thanks to Lumen for sponsoring. To get 20% off go to http://lumen.me/mcbeth and start improving your health today.
War doesn't just affect humans—it devastates animals too. From stray dogs caught in crossfire to zoo animals left behind, the impact of war on animals is often overlooked. But how do militaries handle animal welfare? Are there rules in place, or is this just an unavoidable consequence of war?
In this video, we explore:
🔹 The fate of pets, farm animals, and wildlife in war zones
🔹 How soldiers have historically saved (or harmed) animals during conflict
🔹 The impact of war on Ukraine’s animal population, from farm losses to stray rescues
🔹 The role animals have played in warfare—from elephants in ancient battles to modern-day war dogs
🔹 The ethical dilemmas soldiers face when encountering animals in war zones
Throughout history, animals have been used as weapons, companions, and even victims of military strategy. Some, like war horses of WWI, served heroically but suffered immensely. Others, like stray dogs adopted by soldiers, became unlikely war mascots. Even today, animals remain caught in the chaos of conflict, whether as casualties of bombings or as symbols of resilience when rescued by kind-hearted soldiers and civilians.
All of the Research Files available at RyanMcBeth.Substack.com
For uncensored video, check out my substack at:
https://ryanmcbeth.substack.com
Like my shirts? Get your own at:
https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/ryan-mcbeth
Want a personalized greeting:
https://www.cameo.com/ryanmcbeth
Watch all of my long form videos:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt670_P7pOGmLWZG78JlM-rG2ZrpPziOy
Twitter:
@ryanmcbeth
Instagram:
@therealryanmcbeth
BlueSky
@ryanmcbeth
Reddit:
/r/ryanmcbeth
Join the conversation:
https://discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
33
-
33
-
33
-
33
-
32
-
31
-
31
-
31
-
31
-
31
-
31
-
31
-
31
-
31
-
31
-
30
-
30
-
30
-
30
-
30
-
29
-
29
-
29
-
29
-
29
-
29
-
29
-
29
-
28
-
28
-
28
-
28
-
28
-
28
-
28
-
28
-
27
-
27
-
27
-
27
-
27
-
27
-
27
-
27
-
26
-
26
-
26
-
Want to learn how flyovers work? https://youtu.be/lznBG35Wf1s
American football is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players each, on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end. The objective is to advance the ball into the opposing team's end zone by either carrying it or throwing it, scoring points in the process. Teams have four downs, or chances, to advance the ball at least 10 yards; if successful, they retain possession, otherwise, the opposing team gains possession. Defense aims to stop the offense from scoring by tackling players or intercepting passes. The game is divided into four quarters, and the team with the most points at the end wins.
For uncensored video, check out my substack at:
https://ryanmcbeth.substack.com
Like my shirts? Get your own at:
https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/ryan-mcbeth
Want a personalized greeting:
https://www.cameo.com/ryanmcbeth
Watch all of my long form videos:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt670_P7pOGmLWZG78JlM-rG2ZrpPziOy
Twitter:
@ryanmcbeth
Instagram:
@therealryanmcbeth
BlueSky
@ryanmcbeth
Reddit:
/r/ryanmcbeth
Join the conversation:
https://discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
26
-
26
-
26
-
26
-
25
-
25
-
25
-
25
-
25
-
25
-
24
-
24
-
24
-
24
-
24
-
24
-
24
-
24
-
24
-
24
-
24
-
24
-
24
-
23
-
23
-
Go to https://ground.news/ryanmcbeth to stay fully informed. Subscribe through my link and get 40% the Vantage plan for unlimited access this month only.
All Video links and PDFs can be accessed from my substack at https://RyanMcBeth.Substack.com
On November 16th, 2023, IDF forces destroyed a monument to fallen Turkish Aid workers of the IHH . This video covers a history of why that happened, why the monument was built, why someone might destroy a monument during wartime and the legal justifications for doing so.
NOTE: A viewer pointed out that The Oslo Accords created 3 areas within the Occupied Territories. Area A is solely under Palestinian National Authority (PNA) jurisdiction, area B is under joint jurisdiction and Area C is solely under the jurisdiction of Israel. Therefore the enforcement of the 5758-1998 momuments law is limited to Israeli territory, and areas B and C of the Occupied Territories. In Area A, including Gaza, the PNA law applies. So Israel may be enforcing a law it has no right to enforce.
For uncensored video, check out my substack at:
https://ryanmcbeth.substack.com
Like my shirts? Get your own at:
https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/ryan-mcbeth
Want a personalized greeting:
https://www.cameo.com/ryanmcbeth
Watch all of my long form videos:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt670_P7pOGmLWZG78JlM-rG2ZrpPziOy
Twitter:
@ryanmcbeth
Instagram:
@therealryanmcbeth
BlueSky
@ryanmcbeth
Reddit:
/r/ryanmcbeth
Join the conversation:
https://discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
23
-
23
-
23
-
23
-
22
-
22
-
22
-
22
-
22
-
21
-
21
-
21
-
21
-
21
-
21
-
20
-
20
-
20
-
20
-
20
-
20
-
20
-
19
-
19
-
19
-
19
-
19
-
19
-
19
-
19
-
19
-
19
-
19
-
19
-
18
-
18
-
Like my Patriot Missile "Live, Laugh, Launch T-shirt?" Get your own at:
https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/ryan-mcbeth
Can a tank be driven across a river? The answer is that it depends on the thickness of the ice.
The formula for estimating how many inches of ice will support a vehicle's weight is h=4sqrt(P). Where P is the weight of the vehicle in tons. In the case of the Dnieper river, it seems like the most it freezes is 16 inches, which would only allow for a 16 ton vehicle - some some trucks and light infantry fighting vehicles like the BMP, but tanks would not be able to cross safely.
Watch all of my long form videos:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt670_P7pOGmLWZG78JlM-rG2ZrpPziOy
Connect with me on
Twitter:
@ryanmcbeth
I don’t have a Patreon account. If you want to give me money, give it to:
HelpIsOnTheWayUA.com
Join the conversation:
https://discord.gg/pKuGDHZHrz
Want to send me something?
Ryan McBeth Productions LLC
8705 Colesville Rd.
Suite 249
Silver Spring, MD 20910
USA
References:
https://rivergages.mvr.usace.army.mil/WaterControl/Districts/MVP/reports/ice/safety.html
https://rivergages.mvr.usace.army.mil/WaterControl/Districts/MVP/reports/ice/ice_load.html
Formula:
http://lakeice.squarespace.com/bearing-strength/
Ice weight formula:
https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/safety/ice/ice-thickness-guidelines-weight.html
P = Ah2, where P is the allowable load in pounds, A is the bearing strength of 50 psi, and H is the total ice thickness in inches. This formula is a starting point for creating ice safety guidelines, but
https://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/infrastructure/a1290/4212314/
Rights:
By Francis McLloyd, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1729444
Vehicle images: Ohara Corporation
https://www.oharacorp.co.jp/en/products/snowvehicles/antarctic/
The Ice Road
Netflix
C17-A Globemaster at Wilkins Aerodrome. Photo: Glenn Jacobson
https://www.antarctica.gov.au/antarctic-operations/travel-and-logistics/aviation/intercontinental-operations/c17/
By Vitaly V. Kuzmin - http://www.vitalykuzmin.net/Military/Rehearsal-in-Alabino-05April2017, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=57833635
By Vitaly V. Kuzmin - http://www.vitalykuzmin.net/Military/ARMY-2016-Demonstration/, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=52213091
Kamaz Truck
http://www.military-today.com/trucks/kamaz_4310.htm
"Frozen Hudson River - 2018, New York" by dhilung is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0.
"© AFP Photo - Chai Hin Goh" by @cpe is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.
"Snow spaces" by phenolog is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0.
"Aerial survey of polar ice, unprecedented three-dimensional views of Arctic and Antarctic ice sheets. Original from NASA. Digitally enhanced by rawpixel." by Free Public Domain Illustrations by rawpixel is licensed under CC BY 2.0.
"ice road truck" by useless no more is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.
"Snow or Ice, U.S. Army is Ready!" by The U.S. Army is licensed under CC BY 2.0.
"Sea Ice Thickness" by NASA ICE is licensed under CC BY 2.0.
https://www.armyrecognition.com/february_2017_global_defense_security_army_news_industry/new_pmp-m_mobile_pontoon_bridge_enters_in_service_with_russian_army_eastern_military_district_tass_10902172.html
18
-
18
-
18
-
18
-
18
-
18
-
18
-
18
-
18
-
18
-
18
-
18
-
18
-
18
-
17
-
17
-
17
-
17
-
17
-
17
-
17
-
17
-
17
-
17
-
17
-
17
-
17
-
17
-
17
-
16
-
16
-
16
-
16
-
16
-
16
-
16
-
16
-
16
-
15
-
15
-
15
-
15
-
15
-
15
-
15
-
15
-
15
-
15
-
15
-
15
-
15
-
15
-
15
-
15
-
15
-
15
-
15
-
15
-
14
-
14
-
14
-
14
-
14
-
14
-
14
-
14
-
14
-
14
-
14
-
14
-
14
-
14
-
13
-
13
-
13
-
13
-
13
-
13
-
13
-
13
-
13
-
13
-
13
-
13
-
13
-
13
-
13
-
13
-
13
-
12
-
12
-
12
-
12
-
12
-
12
-
12
-
12
-
12
-
12
-
12
-
12
-
12
-
11
-
11
-
11
-
11
-
11
-
11
-
11
-
11
-
11
-
11
-
11
-
11
-
11
-
11
-
11
-
11
-
11
-
11
-
11
-
11
-
11
-
10
-
10
-
10
-
10
-
10
-
10
-
10
-
10
-
10
-
10
-
10
-
10
-
10
-
10
-
10
-
10
-
10
-
10
-
10
-
10
-
10
-
10
-
10
-
10
-
10
-
10
-
10
-
10
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
7
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
Bigotry tends to come by rank, not by race, gender or even sexual orientation.
I have a bachelors degree in computer science, and a masters in engineering when I retired. But I had lieutenants with a criminal justice degree talk down to me like I was stupid.
Usually, the overt racism deflates out of you like a balloon Because you meet all sorts of people and they don’t conform to your stereotypes.
Back in the early 90’s when I was in basic training, I was the first Jew A number of inner city black kids had ever met, and I’m only a quarter Jewish. There were some kids in Iowa Who had never once seen a black guy.
But we do end up equal and nobody get special treatment. When I was in Germany, it was fairly common to spot GIs out in the town in Frankfurt or Munich, Because they always ran in packs of four. Two white guys, one black guy, one Hispanic guy, and one of the white guys hast to wear his damn cowboy hat.
The Irish part of me is Protestant. Probably the worst treatment I ever got was my Irish Catholic platoon sergeant who kept making jokes about me when he found out my family was from Ulster.
I also got people who asked me questions about Judaism from the standpoint of complete ignorance, and in all honesty I could barely answer those questions because I wasn’t that well informed either.
We also do tend to make fun of each other, and sometimes race, ethnicity, and religion is lumped into that. But a lot of that is because when you’re that tight, you can say stuff like that. It’s kind of hard to explain but it’s how men bond sometimes.
I served 20 years and nine months. I don’t think I ever encountered anyone who is genuinely racist. People like that just don’t last, and we don’t want them anyway.
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
4
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
3
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1