Comments by "D W" (@DW-op7ly) on "Tesla drops EV BOMBSHELL - axes its SUPERCHARGER team! | MGUY Australia" video.
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@mikebreen2890
Rare earths and EVs — it’s not about batteries
By Jeff Shepard | January 23, 2023
Rare earths play an important part in the sustainability of electric vehicles (EVs). While there are sustainability challenges related to EV batteries, rare earths are not used in lithium-ion batteries. They are necessary for the magnets that form the main propulsion motors. The batteries mostly rely on lithium and cobalt (not rare earths). At the same time, the magnets in the motors need neodymium or samarium and can also require terbium and dysprosium; all are rare earth elements. The most common rare-earth magnets are the neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) and samarium cobalt (SmCo).
This FAQ reviews what constitutes a rare earth element, considers where NdFeB and SmCo magnetic materials fit into the overall landscape of available magnetic materials, looks briefly at applications beyond EVs for rare earth magnetic materials, and presents examples of the efforts underway worldwide to minimize or eliminate the need for rare earths in high-performance magnets.
What’s rare about rare earths?
Contrary to their name, rare earths are neither rare nor earths. The 17 rare earths consist of fifteen lanthanides, including cerium, dysprosium, erbium, europium, holmium, gadolinium, lanthanum, lutecium, neodymium, praseodymium, promethium, samarium, terbium, thulium, and ytterbium and the metals scandium and yttrium.
They are relatively abundant in the earth’s crust but are “rare” because they occur in relatively low concentrations compared with the ores for other metals.
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