Comments by "August Hayek" (@hayek218) on "PragerU"
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Ao Li
1) On August 10, the Emperor issued an Imperial decree to accept the Potsdam Declaration. The reason for surrender, according to the Emperor as recorded in the Imperial Record (昭和天皇実録), was not the atomic bombs since at this stage Japan was not sure about what the bombs were. But it was the Soviet’s invasion because Japan no longer had an ability to hold a two-front war. (Already 66 other civilian cities were completely destructed by the US’s indiscriminately bombing that the destruction of two more cities, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, was not enough to trigger capitulation.) Subsequently, Japan accepted the Potsdam Declaration on August 15.
2) I am sure you are not assuming you know more about the operational situation than MacArthur, Eisenhower, Marshal, Arnold, Nimitz, Leahy.
3) Influenced by Marx. So?
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Nanking Massacre:
All the evidences for the Nanking Massacre were fabricated by Kuomintang for raising funds in US; used after the War by GHQ and US for Tokyo Trial and WGIP to record Japan as the aggressor and to lessen the guilt for the dropping of atomic bombs; and today exploited in CCP’s propaganda as a weapon to break up the ties among US, Japan, Taiwan and other US allies for their military expansion into the Pacific and Indian Ocean.
If you are confident, show your primary source evidence that convinced you that this fabrication is in fact a true story. So far all I saw from the people like yourself are: photos fabricated by the Publicity Section of Kuomintang to raise funds in US through Chang-kai Shek's wife, Mei-soon Lin, of so-called "Japanese soldiers" wearing look alike outfits made in China; hearsay from Kuomintang like the diary of Rabe who admitted that he did not see any civilian massacre, and thus did not testify at Tokyo Trial nor his diary was used in it; news articles distributed to the world mainly through an Australian journalist, Harold John Timperley, who was revealed by Kuomintang's documents in Taiwan in 2015 to be one of their five chief agents, and was responsible as the head of the London Brunch of Kuomintang’s Publicity Section regularly receiving money.
Also, all the confessions from Japanese veterans, which were presented by CCP and registered in UNESCO as evidences for the massacre in China, were made by members of a communist group called Chukiren. All of them, without an exception. They were brainwashed by CCP during their captivities. The CCP's objectives was to use them as activists in order to emotionally separate Japanese citizens from the government by brainwashing the Japanese how bad Japan behaved during the War, for a later communist revolution in Japan that the CCP was planning.
GHQ cooperated with this CCP's plan for their War Guilt Information Program, and the document for the operation was declassified in 2014 by The National Archives United Kingdom, TNA, in England under the name, Norman File KV2/3261, after a Canadian diplomat in charge, Egerton Herbert Norman, who committed suicide when he was suspected as a communist spy.
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Atomic Bombs:
The Atomic bombs were never needed for the Japanese to surrender and US knew it. But still they used them as human experiments. This is clearly shown in the following sequence of events:
(1) After Nazi surrendered on May 7, 1945, Churchill kept on pushing Truman to hold Potsdam meeting immediately in a hope to end the WWII as soon as possible. However, Truman kept on postponing it until the first test of the ABomb on July 16, 1945. The first Potsdam meeting was postponed until July 17.
(2) On May 8, US summoned Japan to accept “unconditional surrender."
(3) However, the "Unconditional surrender” that Truman strongly insisted, is a military term used for an army and not for a country. It has no definition in the International Law, and thus bewildered not only Japan but everyone else including US law philosophers, US generals like Eisenhower, or even Churchill.
(4) US found that Japan started negotiating to surrender through Soviet in June 1941, to which MacArthur said to the General Staff Office that the War is over. The resolution for starting to negotiate the terms of surrender through Soviet was passed on June 22, 1945 in Japan WITHOUT atomic bombs.
(5) Joseph Grew, the former ambassador to Japan, knew from his experiences and suggested to Truman on May 28, 1945 that if US agreed to keep the Emperor, Japan would surrender immediately.
(6) Both Eisenhower and Stimson agreed to Grew's idea and to proposed it to the President on July 20, 1945. MacArthur also wrote that the Japanese would fight til the last person if US would not promise to preserve the Emperor. Only Byrnes, who newly came to the office on July 3, 1945, disagreed and opposed.
(7) Six out of all the seven Five Star Generals were against the use of ABombs, and thought that Japan would surrender without them.
(against: MacArthur, Eisenhower, Marshal, Arnold, Nimitz, Leahy)
(8) Preservation of the Emperor was included in the final US official proposal for the condition of Japan's surrender.
(9) However, on the way to Potsdam on Augusta, Byrnes succeeded in persuading Truman to remove the clause on the Emperor. Grew, Stimson and others were not on the ship.
(10) Truman heard the ABobm test was successful on July 16, 1945 during the Potsdam meeting with a message “Babies satisfactorily born."
(11) Stimson arrived at Potsdam after the Abomb test, and asked Truman to re-include the clause of preserving the Emperor. But Truman very strongly opposed to the idea and refused by saying "you can go home if you do not like it."
(12) At the meeting in Potsdam on August 17, Truman asked Stalin, when Soviet would invade Japan. Stalin replied August 15. (Japan had a non-aggression pact with the Soviet. But in Yalta Conference held from February 4 to 11, 1945, FDR secretly agreed with Stalin to give Soviet some parts of Japan in return for breaking the pact and invading Japan.) Truman wrote on this day's dairy that if Soviet aggresses on August 15, Jap will end, meaning that if Truman used Abombs BEFORE August 15, his purpose for the use would be something other than ending the War.
(13) The Potsdam declaration was issued July 26, but it was not signed by Soviet, delaying the sign by the Japanese. It was Truman that refused the signature by Stalin.
(14) On the same day, July 26, Truman gave a command to drop the first ABomb on the earliest clear day after August 3.
(15) Just before Soviet's invasion, US dropped the ABombs, on August 6 and 9, 1945. On hearing this news, Soviet started invading Manchuria on August 9, sooner than the previously planned date by breaking the non-aggression pact.
(16) The Japanese did not even know what the bombs were, but they surrendered when they found Soviet started invading Manchuria, because with almost no power to fight back even against US, they could not hold a two-front war; Japan did not have other route than through Soviet for negotiating the terms of surrender.
(17) Truman said on US TV that they used the ABombs that they "invested" so much money.
(18) US intervened treating patients at hospitals for collecting medical data. In some cases, they let patients die without treatment to collect intestines for studies back in US.
(19) The Emperor Hirohito was not prosecuted in the Tokyo Tribunal, and he stayed as the Emperor. The position of the emperor was also kept under the new constitution which was illegally (by International Law) forced by the US. So the whole hustle about the preservation of the Emperor did not mean anything at all in the end.
(20) In his memoirs, Truman wrote "Japanese are beast. So are treated as."
(21) A famous book, "Just and Unjust Wars," written by a prominent US political philosopher at Harvard, Michael Waltzer, condemns the uses of atomic bombs as crimes. This book is used as a must-read text book at West Point today.
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snowman 1
Atomic Bombs:
The Atomic bombs were never needed for the Japanese to surrender and US knew it. But still they used them as human experiments. This is clearly shown in the following sequence of events:
(1) After Nazi surrendered on May 7, 1945, Churchill kept on pushing Truman to hold Potsdam meeting immediately in a hope to end the WWII as soon as possible. However, Truman kept on postponing it until the first test of the ABomb on July 16, 1945. The first Potsdam meeting was postponed until July 17.
(2) On May 8, US summoned Japan to accept “unconditional surrender."
(3) However, the "Unconditional surrender” that Truman strongly insisted, is a military term used for an army and not for a country. It has no definition in the International Law, and thus bewildered not only Japan but everyone else including US law philosophers, US generals like Eisenhower, or even Churchill.
(4) US found that Japan started negotiating to surrender through Soviet in June 1941, to which MacArthur said to the General Staff Office that the War is over. The resolution for starting to negotiate the terms of surrender through Soviet was passed on June 22, 1945 in Japan WITHOUT atomic bombs.
(5) Joseph Grew, the former ambassador to Japan, knew from his experiences and suggested to Truman on May 28, 1945 that if US agreed to keep the Emperor, Japan would surrender immediately.
(6) Both Eisenhower and Stimson agreed to Grew's idea and to proposed it to the President on July 20, 1945. MacArthur also wrote that the Japanese would fight til the last person if US would not promise to preserve the Emperor. Only Byrnes, who newly came to the office on July 3, 1945, disagreed and opposed.
(7) Six out of all the seven Five Star Generals were against the use of ABombs, and thought that Japan would surrender without them.
(against: MacArthur, Eisenhower, Marshal, Arnold, Nimitz, Leahy)
(8) Preservation of the Emperor was included in the final US official proposal for the condition of Japan's surrender.
(9) However, on the way to Potsdam on Augusta, Byrnes succeeded in persuading Truman to remove the clause on the Emperor. Grew, Stimson and others were not on the ship.
(10) Truman heard the ABobm test was successful on July 16, 1945 during the Potsdam meeting with a message “Babies satisfactorily born."
(11) Stimson arrived at Potsdam after the Abomb test, and asked Truman to re-include the clause of preserving the Emperor. But Truman very strongly opposed to the idea and refused by saying "you can go home if you do not like it."
(12) At the meeting in Potsdam on August 17, Truman asked Stalin, when Soviet would invade Japan. Stalin replied August 15. (Japan had a non-aggression pact with the Soviet. But in Yalta Conference held from February 4 to 11, 1945, FDR secretly agreed with Stalin to give Soviet some parts of Japan in return for breaking the pact and invading Japan.) Truman wrote on this day's dairy that if Soviet aggresses on August 15, Jap will end, meaning that if Truman used Abombs BEFORE August 15, his purpose for the use would be something other than ending the War.
(13) The Potsdam declaration was issued July 26, but it was not signed by Soviet, delaying the sign by the Japanese. It was Truman that refused the signature by Stalin.
(14) On the same day, July 26, Truman gave a command to drop the first ABomb on the earliest clear day after August 3.
(15) Just before Soviet's invasion, US dropped the ABombs, on August 6 and 9, 1945. On hearing this news, Soviet started invading Manchuria on August 9, sooner than the previously planned date by breaking the non-aggression pact.
(16) The Japanese did not even know what the bombs were, but they surrendered when they found Soviet started invading Manchuria, because with almost no power to fight back even against US, they could not hold a two-front war; Japan did not have other route than through Soviet for negotiating the terms of surrender.
(17) Truman said on US TV that they used the ABombs that they "invested" so much money.
(18) US intervened treating patients at hospitals for collecting medical data. In some cases, they let patients die without treatment to collect intestines for studies back in US.
(19) The Emperor Hirohito was not prosecuted in the Tokyo Tribunal, and he stayed as the Emperor. The position of the emperor was also kept under the new constitution which was illegally (by International Law) forced by the US. So the whole hustle about the preservation of the Emperor did not mean anything at all in the end.
(20) In his memoirs, Truman wrote "Japanese are beast. So are treated as."
(21) A famous book, "Just and Unjust Wars," written by a prominent US political philosopher at Harvard, Michael Waltzer, condemns the uses of atomic bombs as crimes. This book is used as a must-read text book at West Point today.
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Pearl Harbor:
Why Americans were in Hawaii in the first place? The King and Queen of Hawaii asked Japan to help the Kingdom against US invasion in 1880-90s, and this was the true beginning.
Cutting life lines like oil is an act of war. Enforcing the ABCD Encirclement together with sending the Hull Note can also be regarded as an act of declaring a war by the International Law. Because of the oil embargo by US, Japan’s oil was running out in January 1942. Then any country could have invaded Japan without too much effort.
The Pearl Harbor attack was two months before that.
On top of these, even though the US was a neutral country, it was supplying weapons to ROC and helping by way of the Flying Tigers, which is a blatant violation of the International Law.
After the War, when everything became clear, Douglas MacArthur testified on May 3, 1951 at the US Senate Committee on Armed Services which is the highest rank committee in which US military officers can testify, that Japan fought for its security (not for invasion), while Charles Willoughby, a major general in the U.S. Army, said that the Tokyo Trial was the worst hypocrisy in the history of mankind and that any country would go to a war like Japan did if they were treated the same way.
Hamilton Fish III, the Republican Leader at the time of the Pearl Harbor attack wrote after the WWII that nobody in the Congress knew such a provocative note (Hull Note) was delivered to Japan. Even though he was a member of the Foreign Affairs Committee, he was not informed. Because of the Note, Japan was left with no choice but to fight back or starve to death.
The former President Hoover told MacArthur that Pearl Harbor was a mad man’s (FDR) plot to get a way into the War to help Britain. FDR's contemptuous refusal of the Japanese Prime Minister's peace proposal in September were the crucial precursors to Pearl Harbor. If the US did not provoke Japan, they would not have attacked us.
VENONA Project declassified in 1995 revealed that there were more than 300 Soviet agents in the FDR’s administration. Also, after the collapse of Soviet, a former KGB’s spy, Vitali Pavlov, admitted in front of a TV camera that he was working with Harry Dexter White, who wrote the Hull Note, about the contents of the Note to lure Japan southwards. The name of operation was "Operation Snow," from the name, Harry Dexter “White.” Harry White committed suicide in 1948 after being susupected of being a Soviet spy.
Legally, there was no definition of aggression then and even now in the International Law. Plus, in the Pact of Paris, all countries were assured of self-interpretation rights. Kellogg and Briand send a letter to Japan confirming this, and this letter still exists.
The truth is that the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor was neither an illegal invasion nor cowardly action.
“Freedom Betrayed” by George Nash
“Tragic Deception” by Hamilton Fish III
“Stalin’s Secret Agents: The Subversion of Roosevelt’s Government” by M. Stanton Evens
"The Tokyo Trial and Beyond” by Judge Bernard Roling at Tokyo Trial
VENONA files
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Fabrication of history:
Unfortunately the modern history is a source of government legitimacy, territorial rights, national security, military advantage, economical profits, among other thing, so that lies and fabrications are more than a common place.
After the War, the US sacked 200,000 Japanese academics and public servants; burnt more books than Hitler did; and imposed pressure on media to rewrite the history as Churchill proudly said "History is written by the victors.” The pressure is being imposed even today.
Plus, China is ANNUALLY spending 10 billion US dollars to spread fabrications in US, Japan, UN and other US allies to use as a weapon to break up their ties for their expansions into the Pacific and Indian Ocean.
Several years ago, in response to China's and Korean's claims on Japan's history education, Stanford Uni. conducted research on the history education of five countries: China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and USA. They concluded that the history taught in Japan was the fairest; in China, propaganda; in Korea, fantasy.
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Atrocities by US soldiers:
You can read confessions by US soldiers for their atrocities they committed during the War in books like "Summer, 1945: Germany, Japan and the Harvest of Hate” by Thomas Goodrich.
"We Americans have the dangerous tendency in our international thinking to take a holier-than-thou attitude toward other nations. We consider ourselves to be more noble and decent than other peoples, and consequently in a better position to decide what is right and wrong in the world.
What kind of war do civilians suppose we fought, anyway? We shot prisoners in cold blood, wiped out hospitals, strafed lifeboats, killed or mistreated enemy civilians, finished off the enemy wounded, tossed the dying into a hole with the dead, and in the Pacific boiled the flesh off enemy skulls to make table ornaments for sweethearts, or carved their bones into letter openers....
We mutilated the bodies of enemy dead, cutting off their ears and kicking out their gold teeth for souvenirs, and buried them with their testicles in their mouths....
We topped off our saturation bombing and burning of enemy civilians by dropping atomic bombs on two nearly defenseless cities, thereby setting an all-time record for instantaneous mass slaughter.
As victors we are privileged to try our defeated opponents for their crimes against humanity; but we should be realistic enough to appreciate that if we were on trial for breaking international laws, we should be found guilty on a dozen counts. We fought a dishonorable war, because morality had a low priority in battle.
The tougher the fighting, the less room for decency, and in Pacific contests we saw mankind reach the blackest depths of bestiality." ---- Edgar Jones, WWII Veteran
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Korean comfort women:
All the Korean comfort women were highly paid prostitutes recruited by Korean dealers. There is NO primary source evidence whatsoever to indicate that there was coercion except for the dodgy statements made by the comfort women who only appears in places where no questions are allowed.
The reason for no questions is that in the past they made stupid mistakes that exposed their lies like they were kidnapped by Jeep (Jeep was used by US during Korean War and Japan does not have a single Jeep); the soldier opened his fastener (Japanese was using buttons); and some even mentioned base where only American bases were located during the Korean War.
Instead, there are many evidences to show that they were nothing but prostitutes such as recruitment ads, comfort women’s bank account recordings, diaries, police records of arresting bad Korean dealers who kidnapped girls, newspapers articles on arresting bad Korean dealers, US official report on a station in Burma, etc.
The biggest investigation conducted by a Korean professor at Seoul Uni, Prof. An, for which both Korean and Japanese government cooperated and in which he interviewed all the comfort women who claimed they were coerced, concluded that they are either making mistake or deliberately lying and that there is NO primary source evidence that indicate there was coercion in Korea or Japan. He also said that the objective of the Korean political group behind all this move is not the truth or justice, but it is to bash Japan. This is an investigation conducted by Koreans using Korean money.
Also, subsequently, US government conducted a huge investigation in its official archive during and after the war upon request from South Korean and China. But there found NO evidence whatsoever, and all they found were evidences to indicate that they were professional prostitutes.
So there is absolutely no nothing in Korea, Japan or US.
If you try to find an evidence, you will realize that there are many Korean who say there are plenty of evidences. But when you ask them to show or point to one, nobody can. Not only that, nobody knows what it is, where it is, or even who saw it.
This is what Koreans talk about themselves: according to the main editorial by the Chief Editor of Choson Ilbo, the biggest newspaper in South Korea, on Mar 6, 2012, Feb. 2, 2010 and Feb. 13, 2003, "Koreans lie as if they breathe” and “Koreans are the world’s biggest liar of all." Korea has the highest fraud rate and is the only country whose fraud rate exceeds that of robbery in OECD. Also, all of perjury, calumny and fraud rates in S Korea are some 160-670 times higher than those of Japan.
“The Sex History of the World War” by Magnus Hirschfeld
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US's 100 Year Secret Policy:
Towards the end of the 19th century, while the British Empire was losing its power, Alfred Mahan proposed to T. Roosevelt that US should fill this vacuum. To do that, he also proposed to secure the mastery of sea first in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, and then in the entire Atlantic Ocean; and then using this as a leverage, expand the mastery into the Pacific Ocean.
However, for this to be successful, Mahan stressed that US should never allow the rise of two countries which could potentially be the dominant powers in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, namely Germany and Japan.
More than a hundred years ago, this policy was secretly adopted by the US Government, and it is still intact today: the policy was confirmed with Mao when Nixon went to China in 1972; it was incorporated in the 1991 Defense Planning Guidelines, which was created as the US’s grand strategy for the new world order without Soviet, as exposed by Washington Post.
Even today, Japan does not have full sovereignty or diplomatic right as its national security is controlled by the US. The same is true for Germany also.
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Atomic Bombs:
The Atomic bombs were never needed for the Japanese to surrender and US knew it. But still they used them as human experiments. This is clearly shown in the following sequence of events:
1. Following the surrender of Nazi Germany on May 7, 1945, Churchill kept on urging Truman to hold the Potsdam meeting to end the WWII as soon as possible. However, Truman kept on postponing it until the ABomb test day on July 16, 1945. The first Potsdam meeting was held on the next day, July 17.
2. On May 8, 1945, US summoned Japan to accept “unconditional surrender.” (The idea for summoning unconditional surrender to Germany, Japan and Italy was a FDR’s idea, and was first mentioned at Casabranca Conference on Janurary 24, 1943.)
3. However, the “unconditional surrender” is a term used for an army but not for a country. It has no definition in the International Law, and under the Law of War, “unconditional surrender” in the sense used before the modern period could never be established legally in the 20th century. Thus the term bewildered not only Japan but everyone else including US law philosophers, US generals like Eisenhower, or even Churchill.
4. The Imperial Council of Military Leaders passed a resolution to negotiate terms of surrender through Soviet on June 22, 1945, without any knowledge of the US Abombs. The US found Japan starting this negotiation in the same month of June 1945, for which MacArthur said to the General Staff Office that the War is over.
5. Joseph Grew, the former ambassador to Japan suggested from his experiences to Truman on May 28, 1945 that if the US agrees to keep the Emperor, Japan would surrender immediately.
6. Stimson agreed to Grew's idea and proposed it to the President on June 16, 1945. MacArthur also wrote that the Japanese would fight til the last person if the US would not promise to preserve the Emperor. Only Byrnes, who newly came to the office on July 3, 1945, disagreed and opposed.
7. Six out of all the seven Five Star Generals were against the use of ABombs with a view that Japan would surrender without them.
(against: MacArthur, Eisenhower, Marshal, Arnold, Nimitz, Leahy)
8. Preservation of the Emperor was included in the US official proposal for the condition of Japan's surrender.
9. However, on the way to Potsdam on Augusta, Byrnes succeeded in persuading Truman to remove the clause on the Emperor. Grew, Stimson and others were not on the ship.
10. On July 16, 1945, in Potsdam, Truman received a message “Babies satisfactorily born," meaning the ABobm test was successful.
11. Stimson arrived at Potsdam after the Abomb test, and asked Truman to re-include the clause of preserving the Emperor. But Truman very strongly refused by saying you can go home if you do not like it.
12. During the first meeting in Potsdam on July 17, Truman asked Stalin, when Soviet would invade Japan. Stalin replied August 15. (Japan had a non-aggression pact with the Soviet. But in Yalta Conference held from February 4 to 11, 1945, FDR secretly agreed with Stalin to give Soviet some parts of Japan in return for breaking the pact and invading Japan.) Truman wrote on this day's dairy that "He'll be in the Jap War on August 15th. Fini Japs when that comes about.” This means that if Truman used Abombs BEFORE August 15, the purpose for the use would be something other than ending the War.
13. On July 25, 1945, Truman told Stimson to use the atomic bombs on Japan, and wrote on this day's diary that he is sure that the Japs will not accept the Potsdam Decleration.
14. The Potsdam declaration was issued on July 26, but it was not signed by Soviet, confusing the Japanese and delaying in their decision. It was Truman that refused the signature by Stalin.
15. On the same day, July 26, Truman gave commands to drop the ABombs on the earliest clear day after August 3. Note that the both commands for the two atomic bombs, the first uranium one dropped in Hiroshima and the second plutonium one dropped in Nagasaki, were given on the same day.
16. Just before Soviet's invasion, the US dropped the ABombs, on August 6 and 9, 1945. On hearing this news, Soviet started invading Manchuria on August 9, sooner than the previously planned date.
17. On the following day, August 9, the emperor issued an Imperial decree to accept the Potsdam Declaration. The reason for surrender, according to the emperor as recorded the Impearial Record, is not the atomic bombs since at this stage Japan was not sure about what the bombs were, but it was the Soviet’s invasion because Japan was not left with an ability to hold a two-front war. (Already 66 other civilian cities were completely destructed by the US’s indiscriminately bombing that the destruction of two more cities, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, was not too much of an impact.) Subsequently, Japan accepted the Potsdam Decleration on August 15.
18. Truman said in a TV announcement that the US used the ABombs that they "invested" so much money.
19. As early as in September 1945, "The Armed Forces Joint Commission for Investigating Effects of the Atomic Bomb in Japan" was formed and commenced large scale investigations. Some 1,300 Japanese doctors were pulled into the investigation examining more than 20,000 patients, 17,000 of which were children. Intestines of 200 bodies were sent to Armed Forces Institute of Pathology in Washington, D.C., for further study.
20. Based on the investigations, "Medical effects of the atomic bomb in Japan” was published from which a graph of mortality rates by atomic bombs vs distance from hypocenter was created. This became the basis of the US nuclear strategy as it gave the crucial figures to calculate the number of atomic bombs required to attack each enemy cities. Some example numbers of Hiroshima-type atomic bombs required to annihilate cities as calculated by the US Air Force from the graph are as follows: Moscow 6, Stalingrad 5, Vladivostok 3, Kirov 2, Tallin 4, Chelyabinak 3, etc.
As such, through these experiments, the US now became the only country in the world with Big Data for the effects of atomic bombs on target cities as well as on human bodies.
21. The Emperor Hirohito was not prosecuted in the Tokyo Tribunal, and he stayed as the Emperor. The position of the emperor was also kept under the new constitution which was illegally (by International Law) forced by the US. So the whole hustle about the preservation of the Emperor did not mean anything at all in the end.
22. In his memoirs, Truman wrote "Japanese are beast. So are treated as."
23. A famous book, "Just and Unjust Wars," written by a prominent US political philosopher at Harvard, Michael Waltzer, condemns the uses of atomic bombs as crimes. This book is used as a must-read text book at West Point today.
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