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This is a chronology and timeline of the European colonization of the Americas, with founding dates of selected European settlements.[1][2][3] Pre–Columbus edit 986: Norsemen settle Greenland and Bjarni Herjólfsson sights coast of North America, but doesn't land (see also Norse colonization of the Americas). c. 1000: Norse settle briefly in L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland.[4] c. 1450: Norse colony in Greenland dies out. 15th century edit 1491: Columbus sets sail aboard the Niña, Pinta, and Santa Maria. 1492: Columbus reaches the Bahamas,[5] Cuba and Hispaniola. 1492: La Navidad is established on the island of Hispaniola; it was destroyed by the following year. 1493: The colony of La Isabela is established on the island of Hispaniola.[6] 1493: Columbus arrives in Puerto Rico 1494: Columbus arrives in Jamaica. 1496: Santo Domingo, the first European permanent settlement, is built.[7] 1497: John Cabot reaches Newfoundland.[8] 1498: In his third voyage, Columbus reaches Trinidad and Tobago. 1498: La Isabela is abandoned by the Spanish. 1499: João Fernandes Lavrador maps Labrador and Newfoundland 16th century edit 1501: Corte-Real brothers explore the coast of what is today the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador 1502: Columbus sails along the mainland coast south of Yucatán, and reaches present-day Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama 1503: Las Tortugas noted by Columbus in passage through the Western Caribbean present-day Cayman Islands 1508: Ponce de León founds Caparra on San Juan Bautista (now Puerto Rico) 1511: Conquest of Cuba begins 1513: Ponce de León in Florida 1513: Núñez de Balboa claims the Pacific Ocean and its shores for Spain 1515: Conquest of Cuba completed 1517: Francisco Hernández de Córdoba lands on the Yucatán Peninsula 1519: Founding of Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz (Veracruz) 1519: Álvarez de Pineda explores the Gulf Coast of the United States 1519: Founding of Panama City by Pedro Arias Dávila 1521: Hernán Cortés completes the conquest of the Aztec Empire. 1521: Juan Ponce de León tries and fails to settle in Florida. 1524: Pedro de Alvarado conquers present-day Guatemala and El Salvador. 1524: Giovanni da Verrazzano sails along most of the east coast. 1525: Estêvão Gomes enters Upper New York Bay and reaches Nova Scotia[9][10] 1526: Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón briefly establishes the failed settlement of San Miguel de Gualdape in South Carolina, the first site of enslavement of Africans in North America and of the first slave rebellion. 1527: Fishermen are using the harbor at St. John's, Newfoundland and other places on the coast. 1531: Spanish found Puebla de Zaragoza and Santiago de Querétaro. 1535: Jacques Cartier reaches Quebec. 1536: Cabeza de Vaca reaches Mexico City after wandering through North America. 1538: Failed Huguenot settlement on St. Kitts in the Caribbean (destroyed by the Spanish). 1539: Hernando de Soto explores the interior from Florida to Arkansas. 1539: Francisco de Ulloa explores the Baja California peninsula. 1540: Coronado travels from Mexico to eastern Kansas. 1541: Spanish found Nueva Ciudad de Mechuacán (Morelia) 1540: López de Cárdenas reaches the Grand Canyon (the area is ignored for the next 200 years). 1541: Failed French settlement at Charlesbourg-Royal (Quebec City) by Cartier and Roberval. 1542: Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo reaches the California coast. 1559: Failed Spanish settlement at Pensacola, Florida. 1562: Failed Huguenot settlement in South Carolina (Charlesfort-Santa Elena site). 1564: French Huguenots at Jacksonville, Florida (Fort Caroline). 1565: Spanish slaughter French 'heretics' at Fort Caroline. 1565: Spanish found Saint Augustine, Florida. (Mission Nombre de Dios) 1566–1587: Spanish in South Carolina (Charlesfort-Santa Elena site). 1568: Dutch revolt against Spain begins. The economic model developed in the Netherlands would define colonial policies in the next two centuries. 1570: Failed Spanish settlement on Chesapeake Bay (Ajacán Mission). 1576: Spanish found León de los Aldama. 1576: Martin Frobisher reaches the coast of Labrador and Baffin Island. 1579: Sir Francis Drake claims New Albion. 1583: England formally claims Newfoundland (Humphrey Gilbert). 1585: Roanoke Colony founded by English on Roanoke Island, North Carolina, failed in 1587 1598: Failed French settlement on Sable Island off Nova Scotia. 1598: Spanish settlement in Northern New Mexico. 1600: By 1600 Spain and Portugal were still the only significant colonial powers. North of Mexico the only settlements were Saint Augustine and the isolated outpost in northern New Mexico. Exploration of the interior was largely abandoned after the 1540s. Around Newfoundland 500 or more boats annually were fishing for cod and some fishermen were trading for furs, especially at Tadoussac on the Saint Lawrence. 17th century 18th century edit 1701: Detroit – French 1702: Mobile – French 1706: Albuquerque – Spanish 1711: Beaufort, South Carolina - English 1714: Natchitoches – French 1714: Germanna, Virginia – Germans from Hessen-Nassau 1716: Natchez – French 1717: Germanna, Virginia – Germans from Baden-Württemberg 1718: New Orleans – French 1718: San Antonio – Spanish 1721: Germanna, Virginia – Germans 1721: Greenland – Danish 1729: George Town, South Carolina - English and French Huguenots 1729: Baltimore – British 1733: Province of Georgia – British 1734: Culpeper, Virginia – Germans 1738: Culpeper, Virginia; some to Bethlehem, Pennsylvania – Germans 1741: Guanajuato – Spanish 1763: St. Louis (Missouri) – French 1769: San Diego – Spanish 1770: Monterey – Spanish 1775: Tucson – Spanish 1776: San Francisco – Spanish 1777: San Jose – Spanish 1781: Los Angeles – Spanish 1784: Kodiak Island – Russian 1791: Santa Cruz – Spanish
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This is a chronology and timeline of the European colonization of the Americas, with founding dates of selected European settlements.[1][2][3] Pre–Columbus edit 986: Norsemen settle Greenland and Bjarni Herjólfsson sights coast of North America, but doesn't land (see also Norse colonization of the Americas). c. 1000: Norse settle briefly in L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland.[4] c. 1450: Norse colony in Greenland dies out. 15th century edit 1491: Columbus sets sail aboard the Niña, Pinta, and Santa Maria. 1492: Columbus reaches the Bahamas,[5] Cuba and Hispaniola. 1492: La Navidad is established on the island of Hispaniola; it was destroyed by the following year. 1493: The colony of La Isabela is established on the island of Hispaniola.[6] 1493: Columbus arrives in Puerto Rico 1494: Columbus arrives in Jamaica. 1496: Santo Domingo, the first European permanent settlement, is built.[7] 1497: John Cabot reaches Newfoundland.[8] 1498: In his third voyage, Columbus reaches Trinidad and Tobago. 1498: La Isabela is abandoned by the Spanish. 1499: João Fernandes Lavrador maps Labrador and Newfoundland 16th century edit 1501: Corte-Real brothers explore the coast of what is today the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador 1502: Columbus sails along the mainland coast south of Yucatán, and reaches present-day Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama 1503: Las Tortugas noted by Columbus in passage through the Western Caribbean present-day Cayman Islands 1508: Ponce de León founds Caparra on San Juan Bautista (now Puerto Rico) 1511: Conquest of Cuba begins 1513: Ponce de León in Florida 1513: Núñez de Balboa claims the Pacific Ocean and its shores for Spain 1515: Conquest of Cuba completed 1517: Francisco Hernández de Córdoba lands on the Yucatán Peninsula 1519: Founding of Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz (Veracruz) 1519: Álvarez de Pineda explores the Gulf Coast of the United States 1519: Founding of Panama City by Pedro Arias Dávila 1521: Hernán Cortés completes the conquest of the Aztec Empire. 1521: Juan Ponce de León tries and fails to settle in Florida. 1524: Pedro de Alvarado conquers present-day Guatemala and El Salvador. 1524: Giovanni da Verrazzano sails along most of the east coast. 1525: Estêvão Gomes enters Upper New York Bay and reaches Nova Scotia[9][10] 1526: Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón briefly establishes the failed settlement of San Miguel de Gualdape in South Carolina, the first site of enslavement of Africans in North America and of the first slave rebellion. 1527: Fishermen are using the harbor at St. John's, Newfoundland and other places on the coast. 1531: Spanish found Puebla de Zaragoza and Santiago de Querétaro. 1535: Jacques Cartier reaches Quebec. 1536: Cabeza de Vaca reaches Mexico City after wandering through North America. 1538: Failed Huguenot settlement on St. Kitts in the Caribbean (destroyed by the Spanish). 1539: Hernando de Soto explores the interior from Florida to Arkansas. 1539: Francisco de Ulloa explores the Baja California peninsula. 1540: Coronado travels from Mexico to eastern Kansas. 1541: Spanish found Nueva Ciudad de Mechuacán (Morelia) 1540: López de Cárdenas reaches the Grand Canyon (the area is ignored for the next 200 years). 1541: Failed French settlement at Charlesbourg-Royal (Quebec City) by Cartier and Roberval. 1542: Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo reaches the California coast. 1559: Failed Spanish settlement at Pensacola, Florida. 1562: Failed Huguenot settlement in South Carolina (Charlesfort-Santa Elena site). 1564: French Huguenots at Jacksonville, Florida (Fort Caroline). 1565: Spanish slaughter French 'heretics' at Fort Caroline. 1565: Spanish found Saint Augustine, Florida. (Mission Nombre de Dios) 1566–1587: Spanish in South Carolina (Charlesfort-Santa Elena site). 1568: Dutch revolt against Spain begins. The economic model developed in the Netherlands would define colonial policies in the next two centuries. 1570: Failed Spanish settlement on Chesapeake Bay (Ajacán Mission). 1576: Spanish found León de los Aldama. 1576: Martin Frobisher reaches the coast of Labrador and Baffin Island. 1579: Sir Francis Drake claims New Albion. 1583: England formally claims Newfoundland (Humphrey Gilbert). 1585: Roanoke Colony founded by English on Roanoke Island, North Carolina, failed in 1587 1598: Failed French settlement on Sable Island off Nova Scotia. 1598: Spanish settlement in Northern New Mexico. 1600: By 1600 Spain and Portugal were still the only significant colonial powers. North of Mexico the only settlements were Saint Augustine and the isolated outpost in northern New Mexico. Exploration of the interior was largely abandoned after the 1540s. Around Newfoundland 500 or more boats annually were fishing for cod and some fishermen were trading for furs, especially at Tadoussac on the Saint Lawrence. 17th century 18th century edit 1701: Detroit – French 1702: Mobile – French 1706: Albuquerque – Spanish 1711: Beaufort, South Carolina - English 1714: Natchitoches – French 1714: Germanna, Virginia – Germans from Hessen-Nassau 1716: Natchez – French 1717: Germanna, Virginia – Germans from Baden-Württemberg 1718: New Orleans – French 1718: San Antonio – Spanish 1721: Germanna, Virginia – Germans 1721: Greenland – Danish 1729: George Town, South Carolina - English and French Huguenots 1729: Baltimore – British 1733: Province of Georgia – British 1734: Culpeper, Virginia – Germans 1738: Culpeper, Virginia; some to Bethlehem, Pennsylvania – Germans 1741: Guanajuato – Spanish 1763: St. Louis (Missouri) – French 1769: San Diego – Spanish 1770: Monterey – Spanish 1775: Tucson – Spanish 1776: San Francisco – Spanish 1777: San Jose – Spanish 1781: Los Angeles – Spanish 1784: Kodiak Island – Russian 1791: Santa Cruz – Spanish
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