Comments by "Fredinno" (@innosam123) on "What if the French had Colonized India?" video.
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TapOnX https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/25766/what-would-happen-if-the-polar-ice-caps-of-mars-melted
Mars lacks enough water stored to form more than Titan-Style seas, assuming enough CO2 could even be sublimated to make it moderately stable, and that a singular asteroid impact would be sufficient.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_on_Mars
“More than 21 million km3 of ice have been detected at or near the surface of Mars, enough to cover the whole planet to a depth of 35 meters (115 ft).[13] Even more ice is likely to be locked away in the deep subsurface.[14]”
For comparison, the average depth of Earth’s oceans is 3.2 km. Either way, you get a desert that can’t be breathed in properly with barely any water. That is also likely toxic due to perchlorate.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Estimated_extent_of_the_Solar_Systems_habitable_zone.png
This is basically the problem. Mars is outside the ‘normal’ habitable zone most of the time, but is in the ‘extended’ habitable zone, where you can have super-earths, desert planets, or extreme Venus-like cloud planets be habitable (how you get all that atmosphere on Mars being a mystery). But not Earth-like planets. Basically you need either a very low albedo or an extreme amount of GHGs.
Maybe you could merge Venus and Mars into one entity, but that’s still only 93% of Earth’s mass. Maybe we can move Jupiter a bit further back to get more mass.
The V3 cannon existed in WW2. It couldn’t be aimed at new targets, so it was pretty bad as a weapon overall.
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Ivan the Great 2.0 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_gun
“Acceleration:
For a space gun with a gun barrel of length (
l
l), and the needed velocity (
v
e
v_{e}), the acceleration (
a
a) is provided by the following formula:[citation needed]
a
=
v
e
2
2
l
a={\frac {v_{e}^{2}}{2l}}
For instance, with a space gun with a vertical "gun barrel" through both the Earth's crust and the troposphere, totalling ~60 km (37 miles) of length (
l
l), and a velocity (
v
e
v_{e}) enough to escape the Earth's gravity (escape velocity, which is 11.2 km/s or 25,000 mph on Earth), the acceleration (
a
a) would theoretically be more than 1,000 m/s2 (3,300 ft/s2), which is more than 100 g-forces, which is about 3 times the human tolerance to g-forces of maximum 20 to 35 g[5] during the ~10 seconds such a firing would take.”
Aka: To say it’d need to be big is an understatement . Doesn’t matter either way, you still need rockets to circularize an orbit, and liquid fuel rockets had yet to exist. Even the Apollo astronauts used computers most of the time to help with or pilot spacecraft and rockets as well. So good freaking luck . Same thing with building rockets on the Moon to get back.
Doesn’t matter, the British still got a serious bloody nose from the Boers- who actually won on the long term anyways since they ended up taking over South Africa. It was still going on at the turn of the century.
Point is that the European powers were, frankly, busy, even at the turn of the century. You have to at least butterfly away WW1, and keep Germany (and possibly Italy and France) focused on overseas colonies. And even then, there was still the Middle East and East Asia left to partition up. The Americas if the USA or Britain can’t be bothered to stop an invasion there.
AltHistHub made a video on the habitable Moon though.
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