Comments by "Tony Wilson" (@tonywilson4713) on "BBC News" channel.

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  8. AEROSPACE ENGINEER HERE: I'm Australian but did my degree in America (late 80s) and one Friday we had a NASA engineer do a special lecture on Terraforming Mars. We were kind of excited as at that time (despite the Challenger accident) we believed we'd be building the next space station in the 90s, back to the moon early on the 2000s and off to Mars in the 2010s. We were shattered when he started with: "Sorry its impossible and here's why!" He then went and explained how you need think when considering an entire planet. You don't need to be an engineer or geologist or atmospheric scientist just BASIC MATH WILL DO. Once you understand the actual scope of dealing with a planetary issue things like this are irrelevant. For example there's currently around 2.5 Trillion tons of excess Carbon Dioxide in the atmosphere and by current estimates it will go past 3.5 Trillion tons by the mid 2030s. So to do a quick time estimate you simply divide 3.5 Trillion by 35,000 and get 100,000,000 years. So if you want to get that 3.5 Trillion tons out in something like 10 years you need about 10,000,000 of these plants built. If you want to do it 20 years then its 5,000,000 plants. As to the costs its even easier to estimate At $1,000 per ton 3.5 Trillion tons will cost $3.5 QUADRILLION tons to remove. 1/10th of $3.5 Quadrillion is $0.35 Quadrillion. So at $300 per ton its (3/10ths) which is $1.05 QUADRILLION And at $400 per ton its (4/10ths) which is $1.4 QUADRILLION So its reasonably easy to estimate that this method will cost between $1 and $1.5 QUADRILLION and that's provided we can find 5-10,000,000 SUITABLE locations and get enough materials to build those 5-10,000,000 plants. Then there's the small task of how do we power it, because power might be reasonably cheap in Iceland where they have enormous natural resources but what about the other 9,999 plants where are they going, how are they being powered and who's paying? By the way if every person on the planet planted 1,000 trees (seedlings) at a cost of $5 per tree. That would be 8 Trillion Trees and if each tree is capable on capturing 1-2tons of Carbon and sequestering it in the wood. Then we'd only need about 1 in 4 trees (~2.5 trillion) to reach maturity to capture that 3.5 Trillion of Carbon Dioxide. Yeah that would cost about $40 Trillion on basic costs which is a staggering amount of money until you consider the alternative is $1-$1.5 QUADRILLION, which is 25 times the cost at the low end. Best of all Trees don't need electricity they just need water and sun light and maybe some fertilizer. Once established their maintenance and upkeep costs are almost zero. If you plant trees that produce food and of building materials then even better.
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  16. I'm Australian and a British Journalist looked into the methods that America used. The documentary he made was done more than 10 years ago when there were issues over the lethal injections. It was also at a time when there were a number of ugly murders around the world and people were asking if capital punishment should be brought back. So this was a timely documentary in a number of ways, but most of all - what method. In the end when all the methods were looked at the cleanest and quickest was carbon dioxide. I remember the Lake Nyos disaster in 1986 when 1,700 people died from carbon dioxide asphyxiation remember how quick it was. Most of the bodies only took a few staggered steps before falling over. I'm an engineer and one of the things people are warned about across many industries are what we call "confined spaces." These are places where other gases can pool and the oxygen level is too low to support human consciousness. It can be incredibly dangerous. One of the major risks in confined spaces is carbon dioxide especially in open pits because CO2 is heavier than air and it can pool in the pit. Its well documented how quickly people succumb and pass out in such conditions. So its well known that if you flood a room with carbon dioxide almost any human or animal will past out within seconds and die shortly after with little or no trauma. In fact its well documented that if anything people have a moment of euphoria before passing out from carbon dioxide. WHAT HORRIFIED ME about that documentary wasn't the fact they found a quick way to simply turn off a human life but the RESPONSE of the chief medical officer they presented their findings to. He simply dismissed the idea of using Carbon Dioxide and how its far less likely to be traumatic. He said "Its a punishment its NOT meant to be pleasant."
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  20. AEROSPACE ENGINEER HERE: I'm Australian but did my degree in America (late 80s) and one Friday we had a NASA engineer do a special lecture on Terraforming Mars. We were kind of excited as at that time (despite the Challenger accident) we believed we'd be building the next space station in the 90s, back to the moon early on the 2000s and off to Mars in the 2010s. We were shattered when he started with: "Sorry its impossible and here's why!" He then went and explained how you need think when considering an entire planet. You don't need to be an engineer or geologist or atmospheric scientist just BASIC MATH WILL DO. Once you understand the actual scope of dealing with a planetary issue things like this are irrelevant. For example there's currently around 2.5 Trillion tons of excess Carbon Dioxide in the atmosphere and by current estimates it will go past 3.5 Trillion tons by the mid 2030s. So to do a quick time estimate you simply divide 3.5 Trillion by 35,000 and get 100,000,000 years. So if you want to get that 3.5 Trillion tons out in something like 10 years you need about 10,000,000 of these plants built. If you want to do it 20 years then its 5,000,000 plants. As to the costs its even easier to estimate At $1,000 per ton 3.5 Trillion tons will cost $3.5 QUADRILLION tons to remove. 1/10th of $3.5 Quadrillion is $0.35 Quadrillion. So at $300 per ton its (3/10ths) which is $1.05 QUADRILLION And at $400 per ton its (4/10ths) which is $1.4 QUADRILLION So its reasonably easy to estimate that this method will cost between $1 and $1.5 QUADRILLION and that's provided we can find 5-10,000,000 SUITABLE locations and get enough materials to build those 5-10,000,000 plants. Then there's the small task of how do we power it, because power might be reasonably cheap in Iceland where they have enormous natural resources but what about the other 9,999 plants where are they going, how are they being powered and who's paying? By the way if every person on the planet planted 1,000 trees (seedlings) at a cost of $5 per tree. That would be 8 Trillion Trees and if each tree is capable on capturing 1-2tons of Carbon and sequestering it in the wood. Then we'd only need about 1 in 4 trees (~2.5 trillion) to reach maturity to capture that 3.5 Trillion of Carbon Dioxide. Yeah that would cost about $40 Trillion on basic costs which is a staggering amount of money until you consider the alternative is $1-$1.5 QUADRILLION, which is 25 times the cost at the low end. Best of all Trees don't need electricity they just need water and sun light and maybe some fertilizer. Once established their maintenance and upkeep costs are almost zero. If you plant trees that produce food and of building materials then even better.
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  27.  @drewking250  If you really want to freak out then work out how many nuclear detonations it takes to heat the planet up just 1 degree. FYI - I did aerospace engineering and we once had a NASA guy do a special lecture on planetary sciences. He'd done a research project where they tried to work out what it would take to make Mars habitable. Their conclusion was "its effectively impossible" planets simply don't take being forcibly changed. That was 30 years ago so I did an upgrade a while back regarding what we have now effectively managed to do. The surface area of the Earth is just over 510,000,000 km^2 and if you take just the first 1km of the earths atmosphere you pretty much have 1/2 a billion cubic kilometers of air. Its pretty straight forward to calculate how much energy it takes to heat that from say 20 to 21 deg. C and yeah its a big number with lots of zeros. Its just as easy to divide that number by the published energy release from something like the Hiroshima bomb. So its pretty easy to estimate how many Hiroshimas you need to let off to heat the planet up by a degree. Its a very scary number and makes no sense until you realise that up in the sky is a mega huge nuclear fusion reactor beaming energy at us and all you need to do is trap a bit extra for a century to start making some very serious changes. This is why Venus although only being just a little bit closer (in astronomical terms) is also massively hotter. Heads up if you do that calculation don't go trying to explain the number to average people. They can't comprehend the answer let alone understand what it means. 🤷‍♂️🤷‍♀️
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  31. If you want to complain the complain about how other nations with similar systematic issues have not been banned. Drug cheating at the Olympics has been going on for decades. If Russia feels bad about getting caught then don't - you got caught wear it. BUT Russia has every right to scream about other nations cheating particularly China and America. I'm Australian but went to college in America in the late 80s on a sports scholarship for swimming. At the 92 Barcelona Olympics a girl from my club in California was cheated out of a gold by the Chinese and it was obvious they were cheating. FINA (the swimming governing body) were only checking swimmers they new had been tested before they went to Barcelona. That included a lot of people from various countries who were at college in America making it look like the testing was random. The British worked it out because one of their swimmers was at the University of Iowa which was a college I raced against. At the 2000 Sydney Olympics the husband of Marion Jones (who was later caught as part of the BALCO scandal) CJ Hunter was caught multiple times and yet still turned up in Sydney expecting to compete. It was later found out that the US Track & Field team had amassed around 150 failed tests prior to arriving in Sydney. Australia had a runner who finished 4th in 2 successive Olympics. Both times the 3 Americans in front of him were caught at competitions after the Olympics. The infamous Seoul Olympics 100m final where Ben Johnson was caught was a disgrace as every other Athlete in that final was either suspected or actually caught at later events. That included Carl Lewis. America has a terrible record of cheating in track and field. If Russia should be angry its should be because they are the only country punished like this.
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  42. AEROSPACE ENGINEER HERE: and that's a damn good answer Below is the same answer I gave elsewhere. The difference is your only looking at dealing with what goes into the atmosphere each year, when there's already a massive amount in the atmosphere that needs removing. I'm Australian but did my degree in America (late 80s) and one Friday we had a NASA engineer do a special lecture on Terraforming Mars. We were kind of excited as at that time (despite the Challenger accident) we believed we'd be building the next space station in the 90s, back to the moon early on the 2000s and off to Mars in the 2010s. We were shattered when he started with: "Sorry its impossible and here's why!" He then went and explained how you need think when considering an entire planet. You don't need to be an engineer or geologist or atmospheric scientist just BASIC MATH WILL DO. Once you understand the actual scope of dealing with a planetary issue things like this are irrelevant. For example there's currently around 2.5 Trillion tons of excess Carbon Dioxide in the atmosphere and by current estimates it will go past 3.5 Trillion tons by the mid 2030s. So to do a quick time estimate you simply divide 3.5 Trillion by 35,000 and get 100,000,000 years. So if you want to get that 3.5 Trillion tons out in something like 10 years you need about 10,000,000 of these plants built. If you want to do it 20 years then its 5,000,000 plants. As to the costs its even easier to estimate At $1,000 per ton 3.5 Trillion tons will cost $3.5 QUADRILLION tons to remove. 1/10th of $3.5 Quadrillion is $0.35 Quadrillion. So at $300 per ton its (3/10ths) which is $1.05 QUADRILLION And at $400 per ton its (4/10ths) which is $1.4 QUADRILLION So its reasonably easy to estimate that this method will cost between $1 and $1.5 QUADRILLION and that's provided we can find 5-10,000,000 SUITABLE locations and get enough materials to build those 10,000,000 plants. Then there's the small task of how do we power it, because power might be reasonably cheap in Iceland where they have enormous natural resources but what about the other 9,999 plants where are they going, how are they being powered and who's paying? By the way if every person on the planet planted 1,000 trees (seedlings) at a cost of $5 per tree. That would be 8 Trillion Trees and if each tree is capable on capturing 1-2tons of Carbon and sequestering it in the wood. Then we'd only need about 1 in 4 trees (~2.5 trillion) to reach maturity to capture that 3.5 Trillion of Carbon Dioxide. Yeah that would cost about $40 Trillion on basic costs which is a staggering amount of money until you consider the alternative is $1-$1.5 QUADRILLION, which is 25 times the cost at the low end. Best of all Trees don't need electricity they just need water and sun light and maybe some fertilizer. Once established their maintenance and upkeep costs are almost zero. If you plant trees that produce food and of building materials then even better.
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  49. You are right about flying to hubs but only 1/2 right about Concorde. Yes its was fuel hungry but then going fast in anything is a fuel consumption issue. If you use basic high school science class then you'd know from kinetic energy that going twice as fast requires 4 times the energy because its a squared law. Drag is also a velocity squared function so going twice as fast means 4 times the drag. It does get more complicated at supersonic speed but going those speeds is very fuel hungry. On the other hand Concorde ran very profitably and for many years was British Airways most profitable division. There's a great documentary made after they retired Concorde that was made with a lot of BA Concorde pilots. Its actually a great case study in effective market analysis. After BA realised Concorde was losing money they told the pilots they were going to shut it down. The pilots said it shouldn't be losing money because the planes were basically full for every flight. The BA board challenged the pilots and said if they could get it to make money they could keep flying. So the pilots checked the ticket records and found that the most frequent users were a bunch of bankers in New York, London and Paris. They found out that these guys were doing work where people still had to meet and sign contract papers. So for them being able to zip across the Atlantic sign some papers and zip back was brilliant. When the pilots asked the bankers what they thought the tickets were worth they got a monster shock - none of the bankers knew because their travel was always done by their secretaries. So they asked these bankers what a ticket was worth to them in terms of their time and got an even bigger shock because it was $1000s more than the actual ticket price. So the pilots upped the ticket price to what the bankers believed they were worth. People kept flying Concorde and they made heaps of money. The pilots kept the board to their word and the pilots ran the Concorde division for years and kept it very profitable. What hurt Concorde in the end was Osama Bin Laden because something like 100 of Concorde's most frequent flyers died in the 9/11 attack because they worked in the World Trade Center.
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  50. I absolutely agree with your sentiment, what she did met the "depraved indifference" clause of US Law. My problem is with how Donald Trump has behaved with these 3 recent executions. I don't have a problem with any nation or state executions for crimes they mandate for crimes beyond what society will tolerate. I do have a problem when any state steps outside that mandate. Because once that happens, justice takes a backseat to politics and executing people for political gai is one of the most disgusting things ANY NATION does and it is done way to often. In my home state of Victoria Australia the last man executed WAS DONE for political purposes. It was well understood that Ronald Ryan did not shoot and kill George Hodson. The ballistics proved it and the main witness lied, and both those points were understood at the time. Henry Bolte the State Premier at the time faced an election and told people that the hanging would help get him re-elected and it did. You can look up Brandon Bernard, Alfred Bourgeois & Lisa Montgomery and all their crimes were depraved. I don't have a problem with their trials, their sentences or the outcomes. In Montgomery's case a few have pointed out she went with clamps and others tools that showed she at some level knew what she was doing. Was she mentally ill? Absolutely - no sane person does what she did. My problem is Donald Trump who lost his mandate to make these decisions. For 130 years American Presidents had delayed all federal executions after the election. Once the election is held the American people have spoken and handed the mandate onto the next President. Americans are very quick to speak about "the will of the people" and on November 4 2020 the American people spoke and Donald Trump lost his mandate. Lets not forget one other thing. As Donald Trump sent these 3 to the chamber, he pardoned the Blackwater 4 who killed 14 people and injured 17 others in the Nisour Square Massacre. That included a 9 year old boy. That crime also met the requirements (at least in part) for depraved indifference. But the Blackwater 4 had Erik Prince as their boss. Erik Prince is the brother of Betsy De Vos, Donald Trump's Education Secretary. Donald Trump executed 3 and let go 4 others all for political gain and that stinks.
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