Comments by "" (@sunnysied713) on "How the US Stole Hawaii" video.

  1.  @ashokbobade9257  The U.S. didn't slaughter Native Hawaiians. The history of Native Hawaiians is very different from Native Americans.
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  2. Westerners were interacting with Native Hawaiians for 40 years BEFORE any missionaries arrived to Hawai'i. Lol. Westerners who migrated to Hawai'i and became denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom. They bought and leased land legally.
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  3.  @tinyflyingdragons9432  The best sources are primary documents (original documents, accounts, reports, legal documents, speeches and other historical evidence from the time period). History books are great for ideas and a starting point, but it's always great to look at, read and analyze things that were directly written, spoken and recorded by ALL sides, during the time period of people who experienced not. It takes a lot of work, but it's the only way to get an accurate assessment of the historical issues. Don't assume that one thing is 'true'. You need to read about and confirm it from multiple different sources.
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  4.  Noel Noel  White boy? Lol. You don't know my ohana. Hawai'i is free. Most of us love being part of the United States. Also, if people are going to learn about our history, then they should learn about all of it - not just some victim mentality propaganda. History isn't simple, cut-and-dry, black-and-white. I encourage everyone to research, verify and confirm everything that they read, see and hear.
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  5.  @ziggy6060  Do you know how it didn't go over my head?😏 Let me make it easier for you to understand... Did Kamehameha conquer and unify the islands on his own? No, he needed great help from westerners (British and Americans). Did the United States or Great Britain declare or claim Hawai'i as a colony? No. Did kanaka, westerners and asians build the country together? Yes, every step of the way. Were the westerners and asians denizens, citizens and royal subjects of Hawai'i? Yes. Did the westerners and asians live, work, pay taxes and support the Hawaiian Kingdom? Yes, the haole had a long history with Hawai'i from 1778 through 1893. Was the Hawaiian Kingdom a multiethnic, multicultural and multinational society? Yes. Did the Hawaiian Kingdom request protectorate status or annexation from other countries? Yes. King Kamehameha wanted to make Hawai'i a British protectorate (1800s). King Kamehameha III wanted to make Hawai'i a U.S. protectorate (1851) and later requested annexation by the U.S. (1854). King Kalākaua wanted to become a Japanese protectorate (1881). Did the United States 'steal' Hawai'i? No, the U.S. declined an annexation request in 1851 and 1893. The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation in 1898 (five years after the monarchy's overthrow) and the U.S. accepted. If the U.S. were greedy, landgrabbing colonialists, then why didn't they grab Hawai'i sooner? They weren't. Did the United States overthrow the Monarchy? No, the Morgan Report exonerated the U.S. soldiers and agents of any involvement in the Revolution of 1893. I suggest you look at the Committee of Safety and the Honolulu Rifles. There were 1,100 - 1,600 angry hawaiians who overthrew Queen Lili'uokalani after she attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. Some Hawaiians wanted to maintain the monarchy, some wanted a republic and some wanted annexation. Was Hawai'i an American colony? No, it was a country that got annexed by the U.S. after the Revolution of 1893 led to the creation of a provisional government and later the Republic of Hawaii. The rebels had control of the government and requested annexation. Did some colonists object to secession from the British Empire? Yes. Did some Texans object to annexation? Yes. Did some Californians object annexation? Yes. Did some kanaka object to Kamehameha's conquest of Hawai'i? Yes. Does it matter? No, the government decides what happens with the territory. There's no requirement for public referendum or plebiscite. Did Native Hawaiians wanted Statehood? Yes, Native Hawaiian activists lobbied hard for Statehood. In 1919, Prince Kūhio even wrote the first Statehood Bill. Did 93% of Hawaiian voters choose statehood? Yes. Did the hawaiians receive all the same rights as Americans? Yes. The Organic Act of 1900 gave Hawaiians U.S. citizenship and the Statehood Act of 1959 gave them representation in Congress and the right to vote in federal elections. See, the U.S. didn't 'steal' Hawai'i.😉
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  6.  @Tyso808  The U.S./Republic of Hawaii/Provisional Government didn't ban the Hawaiian language. The Hawaiian Kingdom enacted an education policy that highly favored English before the overthrow of the monarchy in 1893. King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1855): "To foster education and widen every channel that leads to knowledge, is one of our most imperative duties... It is of the highest importance, in my opinion, that education in the English language should become more general, for it is my firm conviction that unless my subjects become educated in this tongue, their hope of intellectual progress, and of meeting the foreigners on terms of equality, is a vain one." King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1856) that he was satisfied with the Board of Education's progress on English instruction "It is particularly gratifying to know that instruction in the English language is prosecuted with so much success among my native subjects. I recommend you to make as liberal a provision for the support of this class of schools as the state of my Treasury will admit." And this Hawaiian Kingdom Policy was very successful in adopting the English language as the main language of education and instruction. 1881: 66% English, 33% Hawaiian 1887: 84% English,16% Hawaiian 1892: 95% English, 5% Hawaiian 1896: 97% English, 3% Hawaiian The U.S. didn't ban hula. Hula was banned by Queen Ka'ahumanu in 1830 (because nudity was frowned upon by Christians), but most people didn't listen. Hula was still practiced privately and even publicly practiced, but with clothes. It was a loose 'ban'. In 1874, King Kalākau welcomed hula officially back into the palace. Land was always a problem. Before the Hawaiian Kingdom existed, the ali'i classes owned and controlled all the land. The maka'āinana were just feudal serfs. During the Hawaiian Kingdom, the ali'i and wealthy people still owned most of the land. The Great Māhele was a land policy failure. Now, the same problems exist. The U.S. didn't create a land problem... BUT they can definitely make things better.
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  7. The Hawaiian Kingdom country was built by kanaka, westerners and asians. It was a country and nothing like a Native American tribe. The Territory of Hawai'i wasn't slave-like. Lol. Many native hawaiian activists lobbied hard for statehood because they wanted the full benefits of being a State (such as Representatives, Senators, Presidential Election, federal money, etc). In 1919, Prince Kūhio even wrote the first Statehood Bill.
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  8. Also Puerto Rico: Can we please become a State?🙏
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  9.  @ziggy6060  You guys don't know anything about mo'olelo hawai'i. Why would you read that short post? Stupid people don't want to learn. It goes against your nature.😁👍
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  10.  @Tyso808  Hey, I did my best. Lol. There's a lot of misinformation floating around.😉
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  11.  @Erin-Thor  No, he didn't have a point - The Marquesians were the first aboriginal settlers of the Hawaiian Archipelago, but were conquered and overthrown by later Tahitians who became the 'new' Hawaiians. - The ali'i enslaved the maka'ainana in a feudal caste system and oppressed them with harsh kapu for almost 1,000 years. - The kanaka held the kauwā as slaves who were treated very poorly and used for human sacrifice. The mo'i had heaiu built for sacrifice rituals and the kauwā (and other enemies) were unfortunate victims. - The cheifdoms were warring constantly for 100 hundred years before Captain Cook even visited the islands in 1778. They were all fighting over land, power and wealth. - Kamehameha was an island warlord and imperialist who waged almost twenty years of war to conquer all the chiefdoms. He stole all the land, power and wealth for his kingdom. - The Hawaiian Kingdom conducted the Great Mahele, which was an epic failure of land policy since only 1% of the maka'ainana got land. - The Hawaiian Kingdom had a massive labor shortage and needed to import asian, migrant workers to support their agricultural industry. - The Hawaiian Kingdom leased/sold land for agricultural development and the the government became very wealthy from the leases, sales and taxes. The government, plantation owners, mills, canneries, etc all made a great deal of money. - The Hawaiian Kingdom condoned, supported and regulated the penal contract labor system where many Japanese had to work in slave-like conditions. - The United States ended the penal contract labor system, after annexation, with the Organic Act of 1900. The asian migrant workers were overjoyed. How exactly did the United States enslave Native Hawaiians??? If Hawaiians wanted to remain independent, then they could've voted to maintain Territory status. There was nothing slave-like with Hawaii's relationship with the U.S. Most Hawaiians voted to become a State because of the additional benefits (representation, federal money, more business, better quality of life, etc).
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  12.  @Eveablewastaken  It's not that deep? And it's reality? Lol. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  13.  @dennisschwartzentruber3204  I know a lot about Hawaiian history. How was the U.S. like the British in Hawai'i? It's a pretty simple question.
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  14.  @Eveablewastaken  Bro, I am calm... I calmly understand why this vid is complete nonsense. He twisted and skipped so much history. This vid is full of many historical inaccuracies, half-truths and propaganda.✌
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  15. kamehameha be like: fee fi fo fum, you're islands belong to my king-dom ;)
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  16. @Rezakoplak ! The U.S. didn't colonize Hawai'i. Hawai'i is located in the middle of the remote Pacific Ocean, which makes it very strategically important for economic, political and military power. It's also a beautiful island that has very fertile and productive farmland. It's not useless.
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  17.  @florafauna5883  Video: How the US Stole Hawaii Original Post: You can really tell that the U.S. inherited some british traits... Me: Such as? The U.S. had a very positive relationship with Hawaii. [proceeds to provide general overview on relations between the Hawaiian Kingdom and U.S.] You: Let's expand the discussion to other things bedsides Hawai'i. Are you sure you just don't like to be wrong? I don't think I can see the goal posts anymore. You made the classic mistake of arguing against a point that I didn't even make. That's also a strawman argument. Furthermore, I reminded you to stay on topic (Hawai'i), but you still continued to wriggle and wiggle.🐍 I accept your surrender. Have a great day!😄
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  18. I agree, there was a great deal of historical information that was intentionally omitted and withheld to push a slanted, personal narrative. It's insane. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  19. Brah, you thought this was spot on? You lived here for a few years and felt this dinky video was accurate? No chance. It was full of historical inaccuracies, half-truths and propaganda. It was very poorly researched and presented through a very biased lens.
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  20.  @florafauna5883  The original post is talking about how the U.S. inherited 'some British traits' with regards to this video about Hawai'i (the context is naturally implied). However, you want to expand the debate to all of American history and territory. Why? Because you're unable to provide me with 'food for thought' about the alleged U.S. 'colonialism' in Hawai'i. You're trying to move the goal posts. Please stay on topic. H-A-W-A-I-I.🌺
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  21. This video is full of many historical inaccuracies, half-truths and propaganda. Always perform your own independent research to confirm what you read, see and hear.
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  22. Such as?
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  23. The U.S. didn't fight any wars or battles with the Hawaiian Kingdom. Queen Lili'uokalani, the royalists, rebels and American soldiers all testified that U.S. soldiers played no active role in the Revolution of 1893. Queen Lili'uokalani had attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab, which instigated her overthrow. The Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles (1,100 - 1,600 local militiamen) forced her to abdicate the throne in a bloodless coup. The U.S. didn't 'steal' Hawai'i. In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation and the U.S. granted it.
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  24.  @temper5971  Do you think this was hard for me? Lol. A lot of people watched a goofy 5min youtube video and think they know Hawaiian history... because it had sexy maps. Lol. And, yes, Hawaiian history is deeper than aloha, palm trees and pretty beaches.😁🌴
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  25.  @joserizal9557  Chillax? You should tell that to Johnny Harris. Have you seen his low key research? Brah skipped over so much history to make a propaganda video. Lol
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  26. Except the United States didn't 'steal' Hawai'i.
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  27. Aloha 'Oe was written BEFORE the Revolution of 1893. Lol
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  28. Humans are a migratory species. Dutch people didn't magically appear in the Netherlands. They migrated from one area to the next. Their 'homeland' changed until they eventually settled in the Netherlands region. Then some people moved elsewhere. Your soul isn't tied to the land. That's silly.
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  29.  @IloveTS13haha  Yeah, we learned about the Philippines. The Philippines were originally a Spanish colony that the U.S. acquired after the Spanish American War. Who are you more mad at? Spain? Or the U.S.? Filipinos are divided. Some wanted to remain independent and some would've loved to have been part of the U.S. for economic prosperity, security, etc.
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  30.  @atyanthdutt6632  Brah, I live in Hawai'i. There's no historical record that the U.S.S. Boston ever aimed or fired its guns at the Hawaiian Kingdom. Never happened. Just because you read a tourist pamphlet, that doesn't mean you know mo'olelo hawai'i. Hawai'i is part of the United States. Most kanaka love being part of the U.S. Only a small minority 'hate America'.
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  31.  @atyanthdutt6632  Gunboat diplomacy? Do you know how that even works? Lol. The U.S.S. Boston landed soldiers as a peacekeeping force, with strict orders of neutrality, to protect the American consulate, lives and property. The U.S. didn't make any diplomatic demands of the Queen. Do you want a REAL example of gunboat diplomacy in Hawai'i? After the monarchy was overthrown, U.S. President Cleveland did everything he could to reinstate his friend, deposed Queen Lili'uokalani, back to the throne, but Hawaiian President Dole told him to pound sand. Later, Cleveland sent American warships to Hawai'i (with British and Japanese warships) to visibly prepare for an invasion, but the rebels called their bluff and would'nt yield. That's actual gunboat diplomacy. Can you please explain how the U.S.S. Boston was a form of 'gunboat diplomacy' when the U.S. made no diplomatic demands? That's gonna be tough... 😉
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  32.  @yeshiyangzom8532  Hawai'i didn't always choose to be independent. Hawai'i pursued protectorate status with three different countries: Great Britain, United States and Japan. Hawai'i requested annexation by the U.S. on three different occasions: Kamehameha III in 1854, Provisional Government in 1893, and Republic of Hawaii in 1898. After annexation, Native Hawaiian activists lobbied hard for Statehood. In 1919, Prince Kūhio even wrote the first Statehood Bill. In 1959, 93% of voters CHOSE Statehood. We don't want to be independent. We love the U.S.
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  33.  @kaptenlemper  Most of us love being part of the United States, which provides us a great deal of safety, resources and security. Do you think it's easy to survive in the middle of the remote Pacific Ocean? Among many much more larger and powerful countries? There's only a small, loud, fringe group of kanaka who want independence.
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  34.  @florafauna5883  This video is about Hawai'i. We're not talking about any other islands.
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  35. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli. Hawai'i was never a colony. Lol.
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  36.  @puidemare2337  Brah, in case you didn't know, kanaka maoli learned how to read and write from the missionaries. Native Hawaiians recorded their oral and modern history in a thing called 'books' and 'newspapers' in both 'olelo hawai'i and english. Queen Lili'uokalani admitted in her OWN book, Hawaii's Story, that she tried to prorogue the legislature, abrogate the existing constitution, unilaterally create her own constitution, strengthen her autocratic powers and defend her revolution with her royal guard. She admitted the same in her written formal testimony to Commissioner Blount and she included a copy of her testimony in Appendix B of her book. The Queen, her royalists, the rebels and American soldiers all testified that the U.S. military didn't actively participate in the Revolution of 1893. There's plenty of primary sources that disprove this silly video. Some Aunties and Uncles love to play the victim card. History isn't simple, black-and-white and cut-and-dry. It's very complex. Aloha.
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  37.  @coronatoday5290  Native Americans weren't wiped out by genocide. Lol. 90-95% of the population was ravaged by foreign disease. Native American tribes also fought, warred, conquered and committed genocide against one another long before any European discovered North America. Did you think they were all peaceful and lived harmoniously with one another? No chance, brah. Kanaka were no different, too. It's human nature. Every sin has been committed by every civilization throughout history.
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  38.  @GrievingForGrace  Expansionism is a common concept in all human civilizations, which expanded for pragmatic, economic, social or political reasons. That's not an 'American', 'British' or 'Roman' trait. It's a human trait. The Hawaiian chiefs would often fight over territory within their own islands and across the sea to neighboring islands. Before Captain Cook even discovered Hawai'i, there was over one hundred years of episodic war between all the chiefdoms. Then King Kamehameha conquered all the chiefdoms and expanded his Kingdom of Hawai'i. Later, King Kalākaua wanted to form a Polynesian Confederacy with many islands in Oceana where Hawai'i would be the leading member and shining example. There were many Mo'i who had imperialistic and expansionist ideas. Furthermore, animals will compete with one another over territory. That's just the nature of things. All civilizations have done this.
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  39.  @SaretGnasoh  How was the United States a disgusting hypocrite in Hawai'i? I doubt you know Hawaiian history. Did you think your country was better? Happy New Years!😄
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  40.  SeattleFanFromDa808  Did you think your soul is also tied to the land? It took thousands of years before Polynesians migrated across Oceana and discovered Hawai'i. Nobody's soul is tied to the land. Human beings have always been on the move. Make sure you take good notes. Lol
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  41.  @sjefkerolleman2094  Human beings migrated from the Great Britain and Germany regions into the Doggerland, before they slowly migrated to the Netherlands. Everyone comes from some place else. The Dutch didn't magically appear there. People migrated to Germany and Great Britain, then to the Doggerlands and then to Netherlands. Polynesians slowly migrated from Southeast Asia and throughout Oceana, over thousands of years, before they found Hawai'i. Now, modern people can easily travel anywhere they want. If you make your home in Netherlands or Hawaii, then you will slowly become part of those communities and cultures. If you're born in Netherlands or Hawaii, then it's even easier to assimilate. Everyone is a migrant or any immigrant. What happened to your ancestors souls when they left their homeland for the next place, and then the next place, and the one after that?
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  42.  @atyanthdutt6632  "I DiDn'T rEaD iT" is the most lazy copout argument. Like I said, you don't know Hawaiian history. Aloha!☺️
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  43. Do you even know the history of Hawai'i? It was never a U.S. colony. Lol
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  44.  @Manon627  I think you need to study Hawaiian history more clearly. Let me make it easier for you to understand... Did Kamehameha conquer and unify the islands on his own? No, he needed great help from westerners (British and Americans). Did the United States or Great Britain declare or claim Hawai'i as a colony? No. Did kanaka, westerners and asians build the country together? Yes, every step of the way. Were the westerners and asians denizens, citizens and royal subjects of Hawai'i? Yes. Did the westerners and asians live, work, pay taxes and support the Hawaiian Kingdom? Yes, the haole had a long history with Hawai'i from 1778 through 1893. Was the Hawaiian Kingdom a multiethnic, multicultural and multinational society? Yes. Did the Hawaiian Kingdom requested protectorate status or annexation from other countries? Yes. King Kamehameha wanted to make Hawai'i a British protectorate. King Kamehameha III requested annexation by the United States. King Kalākaua wanted to become a Japanese protectorate. Did the United States 'steal' Hawai'i? No, the U.S. declined an annexation request in 1851 and 1893. The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation in 1898 (five years after the monarchy's overthrow) and the U.S. accepted. If the U.S. were greedy, landgrabbing colonialists, then why didn't they grab Hawai'i sooner? They weren't.
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  45.  @Manon627  Did the United States overthrow the Monarchy? No, the Morgan Report exonerated the U.S. soldiers and agents of any involvement in the Revolution of 1893. I suggest you look at the Committee of Safety and the Honolulu Rifles. There were 1,100 - 1,600 angry hawaiians who overthrew Queen Lili'uokalani after she attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. Some Hawaiians wanted to maintain the monarchy, some wanted a republic and some wanted annexation. Was Hawai'i an American colony? No, it was a country that got annexed by the U.S. after the Revolution of 1893 led to the creation of a provisional government and later the Republic of Hawaii. The rebels had control of the government and requested annexation. Did some colonists object to secession from the British Empire? Yes. Did some Texans object to annexation? Yes. Did some Californians object annexation? Yes. Did some kanaka object to Kamehameha's conquest of Hawai'i? Yes. Does it matter? No, the government decides what happens with the territory. There's no requirement for public referendum or plebiscite. Did 93% of Hawaiian voters choose statehood? Yes. Did the hawaiians receive all the same rights as Americans? Yes. The Organic Act of 1900 gave Hawaiians U.S. citizenship and the Statehood Act of 1959 gave them representation in Congress and the right to vote in federal elections. See, it's not a colony (neither in historical or present day) ;)
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  46.  @shangerdanger  In 1893, Japanese intellectuals viewed native hawaiians as dojin, a derogatory term for 'land people'. The Japanese considered native hawaiians as mentally, physically and culturally inferior. They thought westerners were more advanced and were disgusted  with how the hawaiians didn't fight to protect their country (during the revolution). By that time, Japan was entering its period of modernization, imperialism and colonialism. They felt that the Pacific Islanders needed to be guided by a more advanced people. Hawai'i was an invaluable, strategic location for economic, political and military power in the Pacific. Did you see how Imperial Japan treated people during WWII???
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  47.  @shangerdanger  Hawai'i wasn't 'occupied' or 'illegally' annexed. There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424?seq=1 ✔✔✔
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  48.  @kanakaoiwi1609  That's still not a counterargument. If you read all that and still have nothing to say, but 'Nuh uh', then that means you lost the debate. Next time, don't accuse someone of not knowing Hawaiian history if you are ignorant on the subject. Every civilization has beautiful and ugly things. All you have to do is open the history book and dive deep into primary resources. History isn't simple, black-and-white, cut-and-dry. It's rich and complicated. Hawai'i is no different. Humans are humans.
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  49.  @IloveTS13haha  Yup. Always independently research, verify and confirm what you read, see and hear. History isn't simple, cut-and-dry, black-and-white.
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  50.  @atyanthdutt6632  There's no historical account that the U.S.S. Boston ever aimed its guns in a threatening way towards the Hawaiian Kingdom. Do you even know Hawaiian history?
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  51.  @atyanthdutt6632  Brah, you skirted around the question. How was the U.S.S. Boston used for 'gunboat diplomacy'? The ship didn't take any aggressive actions against the Hawaiian Kingdom, the U.S. never submitted any diplomatic demands to Queen Lili'uokalani and the U.S. soldiers weren't physically active in the Revolution of 1893. The Queen, her royalists, Committee of Safety, the rebels and the American soldiers all testified that the U.S. forces were not involved in the revolution. Even better, historical accounts show that the U.S. soldiers marched past 'Iolani Palace, saluted the Queen, lowered their flags as a sign of international neutrality, retired to their barracks and did absolutely nothing. No fighting. No demands. Where's your 'gunboat diplomacy'? Lol I didn't say that Cleveland successfully reinstated the Queen. He TRIED to reinstate her, but failed. He made demands and he even sent American warships with British and Japanese warships to Hawai'i to threaten the rebels, but they didn't budge. Later, President Cleveland asked Congress to investigate alleged U.S. involvement in the Revolution of 1893. The U.S. Senate on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report, which exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing. Cleveland then withdrew his support to reinstate the former queen, re-established diplomatic relations and negotiated treaties with the Republic of Hawaii. All of the Hawaiian Kingdom's allies and treaty holders (all 19 of them!) provided written and formal recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Territory of Hawaii. The international community accepted and legitimized every step of the process. The Harrison administration was pro-annexation. Cleveland was anti-annexation. And McKinley was pro-annexation. However, that doesn't mean the U.S. employed gunboat diplomacy. You haven't even explained how the U.S. illegally annexed the islands. Queen Lili'uokalani attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab, which blew up in her face and instigated her own overthrow by her own countrymen. Politically, the Apology Resolution was intended to help pave the way for federal tribal recognition of the Native Hawaiian people, just like the Native Americans. Legally, it had no effect on any settlement against the United States and didn't alter or modify the purity of land title own by the State of Hawaii. The Apology Bill doesn't support the hawaiian independence activists desire for secession and sovereignty. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the resolution was written with conciliatory and precatory language, not legal language that confers rights or acts as legislation. The Apology Resolution was an opinion statement, not a legal one. If they want federal recognition of the kanaka (similar to the Akaka Bill), then the Apology Bill is an olive branch that can be used to start that process. The Apology Bill doesn't legally support the hawaiian independence movement. The U.S. President, Congress and Military never enacted (or admitted) a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Government. The Apology Bill apoligized for the alleged role that some U.S. citzens and expatriates played in the hawaiian revolution that overthrew the monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by a bloodless and peaceful coup of wealthy and powerful haole, who were naturalized citizens and royal subjects, of the Hawaiian Kingdom.The Morgan Report was 1,176 pages of public interviews on all sides, with cross-examination and under oath (which the Blount Report did not do). The Apology Resolution is just a 5 page opinion statement full of 'whereas' clauses. It doesn't even remotely come close to refuting the Morgan Report, which is still the last word and final government report on the matter. Do you want to try again?😌
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  52.  @shangerdanger  King Kalākaua had electricity inatalled in 'Iolani Palace, which was invented, manufactured and installed by westerners. The power generation, distribution, and illumination equipment came from the United States. Kalākaua personally asked Thomas Edison to have his company provide electricity and lighting. In Maui, there were western operated sugar refineries that had electricity before the palace. The Hawaiian Kingdom was a very western-style country.
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  53.  @The.Hawaiian.Kingdom  The United Nations doesn't support and share the same OPINION as de Zayas. They've made no official statement that they believe Hawai'i is 'occupied'. De Zayas was an independent expert who just had an OPINION that there was a "strange form of occupation". Do you know what an opinion is? However, the United Nations distanced themselves from his OPINION and stated he should never have released his OPINION on U.N. letterhead. Aloha, you have seen this article multiple times: Hawaii politician stops voting, claiming islands are 'occupied sovereign country', The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/nov/29/hawaii-politician-jennifer-ruggles-sovereign-country A spokesman said De Zayas’ memo did not represent the opinion of the Office of the Commissioner for Human Rights. He said: “They are his own views and as such they should not have been sent out using our letterhead.” If the United Nations supported and shared de Zayas' opinion, then they would've surely released an OFFICIAL statement that Hawai'i is actually under 'occupation'. But that never happened. Tough cookies. Now, can you please provide everyone with REAL EVIDENCE that the United Nations shares your crazy conspiracy theories??? A FunkyImg of someone's independent opinion doesn't count for much. Otherwise, quit lying. P.S. Based on the timestamp of your previous comment, you don't even live in Hawai'i. Cheaper to move to the mainland, yes? I'm not harassing anyone. I'm just challenging your poorly constructed and weakly supported arguments. And you just don't like it when people expose your LIES.🤭
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  54.  @noticemesenpai69  That's not what happened. Lol. President Cleveland tried to reinstate Queen Lili'uokalani. He sent Minister Willis to demand that the Provisional Government comply, but President Dole firmly declined. The U.S., Britain and Japan stationed several warships to Hawai'i where they visibly prepared and threatened an amphibious assault and invasion. They tried to intimidate the Provisional Government, but the rebels were resolute. They would not surrender. If the United States actually 'stole' Hawai'i, then it would be easy for them to 'return' it. Not so. The rebels told everyone to pound sand. The U.S. 'invasion', 'war' and 'occupation' of Hawai'i is a huge lie and political propaganda.
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  55.  @ExploradorMundialX  Do you even know Hawaiian history? King Kamehameha wouldn't have been able to CONQUER all the island chiefdoms without great western help (weapons, supplies, counsel, training, tactics and combat support). Hawaiian Kings intentionally blended western systems (education, religion, economics, politics and military) with native hawaiian traditions. The kanaka, westerners and asians built the Hawaiian Kingdom together. They built the 'house' together. They were all ohana, kama'āina, denizens, citizens and royal subjects of Hawai'i. Did you think the Hawaiian Kingdom just magically sprouted in the middle of the remote Pacific Ocean all by itself? Without any help? Lol. By 1893, demographically, Hawai'i was roughly 1/3rd kanaka, 1/3rd westerner and 1/3rd asian. The Hawaiian Kingdom was a multiethnic, multinational and multicultural society (just like Hawai'i Nei still is today). Your understanding of mo'olelo hawai'i is shallow, while my knowledge runs deep. Please learn more about our history instead of relying on a slickly-edited, inaccurate, youtube propaganda video. History isn't simple, black-and-white, cut-and-dry.😉
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  56.  @kanakaoiwi1609  Just between foreigners? Before Captain Cook visited the islands, Hawai'i had 100 years of episodic warfare. It was all recorded in the mo'olelo. Tribes were crossing the interisland waters (up to 26 miles or more) to invade, battle and conquer other tribes. It wasn't a peaceful fantasy land. By 1782, kanaka were fielding massive militaries and having large battles. I think you're neglecting to provide a counterargument that's deeper than 'Nuh uh'. Them's the breaks. History isn't simple, black-and-white, cut-and-dry.
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  57. The U.S. didn't colonize Hawai'i. This video was full of historical inaccuracies, half truths and propaganda.
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  58.  @puidemare2337  Did you think this video was objective and fair? Not even close. Why did President Clinton issue an 'apology'? Politically, the Apology Resolution was intended to help pave the way for federal tribal recognition of the Native Hawaiian people, just like the Native Americans. Legally, it had no effect on any settlement against the United States and didn't alter or modify the purity of land title own by the State of Hawaii. The Apology Bill doesn't support the hawaiian independence activists desire for secession and sovereignty. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the resolution was written with conciliatory and precatory language, not legal language that confers rights or acts as legislation. The Apology Resolution was an opinion statement, not a legal one. If they want federal recognition of the kanaka (similar to the Akaka Bill), then the Apology Bill is an olive branch that can be used to start that process. The Apology Bill doesn't legally support the hawaiian independence movement. The U.S. President, Congress and Military never enacted (or admitted) a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Government. The Apology Bill apoligized for the alleged role that some U.S. citzens and expatriates played in the hawaiian revolution that overthrew the monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by a bloodless and peaceful coup of wealthy and powerful haole, who were naturalized citizens and royal subjects, of the Hawaiian Kingdom.The Morgan Report was 1,176 pages of public interviews on all sides, with cross-examination and under oath (which the Blount Report did not do). The Apology Resolution is just a 5 page opinion statement full of 'whereas' clauses. It doesn't even remotely come close to refuting the Morgan Report, which is still the last word and final government report on the matter. President Harrison, Cleveland, McKinley, ..., Clinton, etc all had different opinions on the annexation of Hawai'i. What matters the most is what actually happened? The people who cry foul play and claim that the Big Bad U.S. 'stole' Hawai'i are grossly distorting the truth to fit their own political narrative and agenda. There's plenty of primary sources from that historical period that prove otherwise. Things were far more complicated than they want to admit. Queen Lili'uokalani played a HUGE role in instigating her overthrow by her own countrymen.
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  59. Just a public service announcement for all my ohana. For everyone who don't know what they don't know. Annexation. After 128 years, there hasn't been a single United States or International Court decision that has declared that Hawai'i was 'occupied' or annexed 'illegally'. There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424?seq=1 ✔✔✔
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  60. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet, Taiwan or Hong Kong. Lol
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  61.  @muntasifsusmit  Hawai'i wasn't colonized either. Kamehameha would never have been able to conquer all the islands without great western help (weapons, supplies, tactics, training and combat support). Hawaiian Kings intentionally blended western systems (education, religious, economic, political and military) with native hawaiian traditions. The kanaka, westerners and asians were all denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom. They were all kama'āina who lived, had families, worked, paid taxes and built the Hawaiian Kingdom from start to finish. The 'Americans' didn't suddenly show up and overthrow the Queen. The Queen tried an unconstitutional and illegal power grab. She instigated her own overthrow. Her own subjects led a counter-revolution to depose her, end the monarchy and establish a republic. The concept of protectorates and annexation was nothing new for the Hawaiian Kingdom. It tried to obtain protectorate status from Great Britain, the United States and Japan. In 1851, during the French Crisis, King Kamehameha III secretly requested annexation by the United States, but (ironically) U.S. Secretary of State Webster declined. The Hawaiian Kingdom recognized that it needed a strong Big Brother to protect it.
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  62.  SeattleFanFromDa808  Your trash talk is just as bad as your critical thinking skills. Can you hand your phone to your sister?😂
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  63.  @pakelika100  Dr. David Keanu Sai advocates revisionist history and repeatedly tries to apply today's laws to historical events that happened before the laws were even created, which obviously cannot be done. He's a propagandaist, provocateur and conman, with a felony conviction, and he's a secessionist. Dr. Sigh😧 has a very flimsy legal argument. He also self-declared himself as Regent Pro-Tem of the 'Hawaiian Kingdom'. Lol
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  64.  @southernlights1890  The Hawaiian Kingdom was a multiethnic, multinational and multicultural society. Kamehameha wouldn't have been able to conquer all the island chiefdoms without great western help (weapons, supplies, counsel, training, tactics and combat support). He granted Young and Davis ali'i status, had them marry into his royal bloodline, gave them wealth and governorships. Hawaiian Kings intentionally blended western systems (education, religion, economics, political and military) with native hawaiian traditions. Kanaka, westerners and asians built the Hawaiian Kingdom together, from start to finish. They're all ohana and kama'āina. Hawai'i Nei continues to be a pluralistic and democratic society. No one ethnic group has de facto ownership and control of the āina.
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  65.  @The.Hawaiian.Kingdom  The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The United States never fought any wars with the Hawaiian Kingdom or kanaka maoli. Are we going to ask everyone who is descendants of Kamehameha, the mo'i and ali'i and kupuna to leave Hawai'i to 'right all the wrongs'??? I doubt it.
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  66.  @The.Hawaiian.Kingdom  Are you still spreading crazy lies and conspiracy theories? Lol. Can you please provide me a link to an official United Nations statement that demonstrates/proves that they actually support and share his OPINION that Hawai'i is under 'occupation'? The U.N. backpedaled from his INDEPENDENT OPINION. Do you have any links to prove otherwise? I don't think so. You can't fool me. Be better, do better ;)
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  67.  @The.Hawaiian.Kingdom  Finally, you acknowledge, admit and agree that the United Nations doesn't share the same opinion/position as de Zayas. We found common ground.🎉 The U.N. doesn't support the Hawaiian independence movement. They don't believe that Hawai'i is an occupied territory or that it was illegally annexed. The United Nations hasn't passed any resolution to condemn or challenge United States ownership of Hawai'i, nor have they submitted any case of territorial dispute to the International Court of Justice. The United Nations hasn't contested this issue... because there's no legitimate case. De Zayas released his independent opinion on official UN letterhead (which was a mistake) and the U.N. quickly declared that they don't share his position. The de Zayas opinion letter didn't make any major waves in local news and wasn't even noticable in international news. It was a nothing burger... but, please, enjoy clutching to those funkyimg's. Yikes.😖 The National Lawyers Guild is a progressive public interest association. The statement was made by the Hawaiian Kingdom SUBCOMMITTEE of the National Lawyers Guild, which is co-chaired by... wait for it.. Dr. David Keanu Sai (who is also the self-declared Regent Pro-Tem of the 'Hawaiian Kingdom' who pushes conspiracy theories about 'military occupation', 'war crimes', 'genocide', and 'illegal annexation'). There's nothing sensational, revolutionary or groundbreaking about the NLG's statement. The International Association of Democratic Lawyers (IADL) is another organization of left-wing and progressive jurists' associations. Dr. Sai also worked with the IADL to craft their paper thin resolution. Please let me know when the American Bar Association endorses the independence movement or the International Court of Justice rules in favor of Dr. Sai's flim flam legal arguments and hollow propaganda. Nothing what he says rings true. One more thing. Have the NLG, IADL, Dr. Sai or others submitted and won any cases in U.S. or International Court? Nope. Nada. Zilch. But I thought their legal arguments were legitimate? Sorry, they're not. Too bad, so sad.😌 P.S. You don't live in Hawai'i. You may have family here and probably grew up local, in Maui, but you don't live in Hawai'i anymore. You make many posts at 2, 3 and 4am, which is insane, especially for a middle-aged woman with kids (being a mother is a full-time job of it's own, big ups to you). How do you stay up so very late with three companies and a family? Lol. Covid-19 doesn't make regular, work-at-home people do strange graveyard shifts. That's just a weak cover story. Are you a vampire, too? Lol. Nah, you abandoned your kuleana. Can't blame you. Hawai'i is very expensive. How's life on the mainland? It's cheaper, yea? Makes sense. You got receipts? More like bad credit. You have nothing but conspiracy theories, propaganda and crazy, secessionist dreams. You probably dream of moving the fam back to the rock after 'liberation'. Keep Hawaiian Kingdom dreamin'.🤭💭 Blessings to you and yours. Aloha.
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  68.  @AdviceFromAHipoCrite  Supremacist narrative? Wut?! Lol. Did you think this silly and short propaganda video represents real history with all of it's slickly edited mistruths and historical inaccuracies? How did the U.S. use its military to overthrow the monarchy? The U.S.S. Boston landed 162 marines and sailors who were given strict orders of neutrality as peacekeepers to protect American lives and property (in case there was a bloody rebellion). The U.S. troops marched past 'Iolani Palace, saluted the Queen and lowered their flag as a sign of international neutrality. They didn't actively participate in the revolution. Captain Wiltse of the U.S.S. Boston gave these instructions to Commander Swinburne of the American troops: You will take command of the battalion and land in Honolulu for the purpose of protecting our legation, consulate, and the lives and property of American citizens, and to assist in preserving public order. Great prudence must be exercised by both officers and men, and no action taken that is not fully warranted by the condition of affairs and by the conduct of those who may be inimical to the treaty rights of American citizens. Both sides (rebels and royalists) provided no statements or evidence that the Americans assisted the rebels. There's no testimony that the American soldiers patrolled the streets, surrounded government buildings, raided offices, engaged in any fire fights, or did anything to actively overthrow the hawaiian queen. By all accounts, they were chilling in their barracks... doing nothing. Meanwhile, the Committee of Safety had 1,100 - 1,600 Honolulu Rifle militiamen who were actively rebelling against a queen who attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. Queen Lili'uokalani: I told them it was my intention to promulgate a new constitution... At 12pm, I prorogued the legislature... Early in January I mentioned to Captain Nowlein of the household guards, and Mr. Wilson the marshall, my intentions to promulgate a new constitution, and to prepare themselves to quell any riot or outbreak from the opposition. They assured me they would be ready; and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy... HOW exactly did the U.S. military overthrow the monarchy? Are you confusing 162 American marines and sailors who did absolutely nothing with a local Hawaiian militia consisting of 1,100 - 1,600 militiamen who were angry that their Queen attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab? Did you actually think she was overthrown for no reason?🤔
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  69.  @youtubeboxing719  Did you guys think it was going to be super easy to complain about the U.S. and Hawai'i? C'mon, you watched this dumb video. You should be able to easily explain how the U.S. 'colonized' Hawai'i. Oh wait, I don't think you can. Did your mouth write a check that your brain can't cash. Maybe you want some 'sympathy'? So far, you're just throwing empty punches. Colonizers? Lol
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  70.  @zachcomposto535  This dumb video didn't show any genocide or ethnic cleansing by the United States in Hawai'i. Where did you see that? 👀 Lol. You claimed there was 'borderline ethnic cleansing' in Hawai'i, but there was no deliberate killing of kanaka maoli. There was no genocide. The Hawaiian culture was affected by Western social, religious, political, economic and military ideas, but that's not G-E-N-O-C-I-D-E. Lol. Kamehameha fought a long war for over a decade to force his enemies to submit to his rule. He conquered the island chiefdoms and stole their land. During the Battle of Nu'uanu, Kamehameha and his na ali'i koa forced his enemies off the Pali where they fell to their deaths. The bodies were decapitated and their heads were buried hundreds of feet away from their corpses. In 1898, people found 800 skulls of the Oahu warriors that were killed. Is that not an atrocity? Kamehameh stole the āina and mana of other kanaka. Is that not a war crime? Should the international community intervene to restore the eight islands back to their chiefdom glory? Kamehameha was an imperialist who took from others with force and built the Hawaiian Kingdom on sand soaked in kanaka blood. People often selectively choose what parts of history they acknowledge. They're willfully ignorant of the unpleasant parts. King Kamehameha II banned the harsh, oppressive kapu religious legal system and old ancestral religion. He forbade those practices. Did a Hawaiian King erase part of their culture? Yes. The kapu system was a terrible system and the kanaka are better off without it. Kamehameha conquered the islands with 12,000 men and 1,000 war canoes over a ten year bloody war campaign. The Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles took the islands with 1,100-1,600 militiamen in a single day without killing anyone (without any help from the 162 neutral U.S. marines and sailors). Who was closer to being 'genocidal'? Kemehameha conquered. There was no U.S. genocide in Hawai'i. If you want more answers, look at the bottom of the cliffs, braddah. The dead still speak. If you disagree, then can you give me a specific example of U.S. 'ethnic cleansing' in Hawai'i? Don't worry, I'll wait. Lol ⌚
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  71.  @zachcomposto535  Westerners legally purchased and leased land from the Hawaiian Kingdom. How exactly did westerners force kanaka off their land? Lol. Do you know Hawaiian history? The Great Māhele of 1848 was the biggest land policy failure of Hawaiian Kingdom history. The king, ali'i and konohiki screwed over the maka'ainana and took all the āina for themselves. Only less than 1% of the maka'ainana got land, which was about 30,000 acres. The powerful kanaka monarchy and nobility class got 4 million acres. 1 million for the King, 1.5 million for the government and 1.5 million for the nobility. Even worse, the kanaka elitists mismanaged their finances and sold off a great deal of land to foreigners to repay debts. These land policies screwed over the common folk, the real hawaiians, the ones who actually managed and cultivated the ahupua'a for generations. The feudal lords of chiefdom days became the royal nobility of the Hawaiian Kingdom. And the exploitation didn't stop. The Great Māhele was a Great Crime of kanaka-on-kanaka fraud. The āina is life, mana, wealth, prosperity and happiness. The kanaka royalty and nobility classes stole all the land and screwed over the commoners, who had tended the ahupua'a for generations. They put native hawaiians behind the eight ball. ethnic cleansing - the mass expulsion or killing of members of an unwanted ethnic or religious group in a society. So, again, how did the United States commit 'borderline ethnic cleansing'? Feel free to watch this silly video one more time. Lol
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  72. Hawai'i is nothing like Palestine. Lol
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  73. In the U.S., you can even make a lucrative career by constantly criticizing your country and government. Lol. But it's a 'very bad' place ;)
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  74. Rose, did you think this video was objective? This video was full of historical inaccuracies, half truths and propaganda. Always independently research, verify and confirm what you read, see and hear. Queen Lili'uokalani tried an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature, unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  75.  @BrooklynBeTheBoro  The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
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  76.  @pakelika100  Kamehameha V overthrew the government in 1864. He prorogated the legislature, abrogated the constitution and unilaterally created his own constitution, and increased the monarchy's power, which was illegal. Sound familiar? Queen Lili'uokalani tried to do the same thing. First, she tried to ammend the existing 1887 Constitution, but she repeatedly failed. Her supporters wanted her to do the same as Kamehameha V and just 'proclaim' a new constitution. She drafted the Constitution of 1893, but her Ministers wouldn't sign it because it was illegal and would cause civil unrest (i.e. riots and/or rebellion). Some of her ministers informed her political opponents about her scheme... and the rest is history. The Queen never submitted her Constitution for approval by the Legislature. She just wanted to proclaim the old one was dead and HER new one was the new law of the land, which was very illegal. It was a reckless power grab that cost her the throne.  Kamehameha V was also the first to impose property, income and literacy tests for voting. He ended universal suffrage in 1864, well before the 1887 Constitution. King Kalākaua wasn't physically forced to sign the 1887 Constitution. His political enemies threatened to overthrow him if he didn't make political concessions. They didn't storm Palace 'Iolani and force him to sign a new constitution. Kalākaua had a weak government. He couldn't defend against their intimidation tactics. Instead of directly dealing with his problem via political negotiation/compromise, police response or military action,  he asked his international allies (United States, Great Britain, France, Japan, and Portugal) to help him, but they advised that he agree to the terms set by the Hawaiian League. He capitulated. No one physically put a gun to his head or bayonet to his throat. He conceded in order to save his throne. He didn't assert his authority and defend his government. Kalākaua was already a timid ruler and acted like a figurehead before the Revolution of 1887 even happened. Historically, there have been many civil/uncivil protests/riots/rebellions/revolutions that have changed politics, policy and government. The Right to Revolution goes all the way back to John Locke and even earlier. By its nature, every revolution is 'illegal' from the perspective of the side who lost. The Queen and Hui Kālaiʻāina opposed the 1887 Constitution. They wanted to amend it and regain power. They organized a petition for a new constitution. Lili'uokalani claimed that "out of a possible 9500 registered voters, 6500, or two-thirds, had signed these petitions" and she couldn't ignore their request and be "deaf to the voice of the people, which tradition tells us is the voice of God." Unfortunately, the petitions have been lost to history, only a small, incomplete part remains. Queen Lili'uokalani repeatedly tried to ammend the 1887 Constitution, but all her efforts failed. So she tried a very risky and illegal move. She wanted to abrogate the existing constitution, prorogate the legislature, unilaterally make her own, promulgate it via (magical) royal proclamation and defend her revolution with the military. This was very illegal and unconstitutional. And it backfired on her - very badly. She instigated her own overthrow. She used the 'will of the people' as a pretense for a power grab.
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  77.  SeattleFanFromDa808  Was your sister not available?😆
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  78. This video is full of historical inaccuracies, half-truths and propaganda.
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  79. Hell no! Do you want to be a royal subject to a King/Queen? I sure wouldn't.
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  80. We have representation in local, state and federal government.
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  81.  @The.Hawaiian.Kingdom  The United Nations never declared that Hawaii was under military occupation. De Zayas reported in a memo that Hawaii was under a "strange form of occupation" by the U.S. However, he doesn't officially represent the U.N. He's a volunteer who had a short term as a United Nations Independent Expert on the Promotion of a Democratic and Equitable International Order. A spokesperson distanced the U.N. from the memo and said that "They are his own views and as such they should not have been sent out using our letterhead.” The United Nations made no officual statement in support of de Zayas. Later, de Zayas admitted that Hawaii is "formally part of the US". Dr. David Keanu Sai's website "hawaiiankingdom.org" omits all this material and pertinent information. No one has been able to prove in domestic or international courts that the Annexation of Hawaii was illegal for 127+ years. The United Nations doesn't share or support De Zayas' personal opinion.
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  82.  @ConradLihilihi  This video is full of many historical lies, half truths and propaganda. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  83.  @The.Hawaiian.Kingdom  President Cleveland tried to reinstate Queen Lili'uokalani. He sent Minister Willis to demand that the Provisional Government comply, but President Dole firmly declined. The U.S., Britain and Japan stationed several warships to Hawai'i where they visibly prepared and threatened an amphibious assault and invasion. The British and Japanese followed the lead of the United States. They tried to intimidate the Provisional Government, but the rebels were resolute. They would not surrender. If the United States actually 'stole' Hawai'i, then it would be easy for them to 'return' it. Not so. The rebels told everyone to pound sand. The U.S. 'invasion', 'war' and 'occupation' of Hawai'i is a huge lie and political propaganda.
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  84.  @The.Hawaiian.Kingdom  Auwe, you're spitting so much nonsense! Smh. The Great Māhele of 1848 was the biggest land policy failure of Hawaiian Kingdom history. The king, ali'i and konohiki screwed over the maka'ainana and took all the land for themselves. Only less than 1% of the maka'āinana claimed land, which was about 30,000 acres. The powerful kanaka monarchy and nobility class got 4 million acres. 1 million for the King, 1.5 million for the government and 1.5 million for the nobility. Even worse, the kanaka elitists mismanaged their finances and sold off a great deal of land to foreigners to repay debts. The allodial land rights were designed to protect powerful kanaka while the actual land policies screwed over the common folk, the real hawaiians, the ones who actually managed and cultivated the land for generations. There are many protesters who complain about their "allodial" rights because they're hungry for a huge windfall based on genealogical claim... because their ancestors exploited their own people for great personal gain. The feudal lords of chiefdom days became the royal nobility of the Hawaiian Kingdom. And the exploitation didn't stop. The Great Māhele was a Great Crime of kanaka-on-kanaka fraud. The āina is life, mana, wealth, prosperity and happiness. The kanaka royalty and nobility classes stole all the land and screwed over the commoners, who had tended the ahupua'a for generations. They put native hawaiians behind the eight ball. It's a huge myth that the Hawaiian language was banned/eradicated by the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii or United States. The Hawaiian Kingdom enacted an education policy that highly favored English before the overthrow of the monarchy in 1893. King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1855): "To foster education and widen every channel that leads to knowledge, is one of our most imperative duties... It is of the highest importance, in my opinion, that education in the English language should become more general, for it is my firm conviction that unless my subjects become educated in this tongue, their hope of intellectual progress, and of meeting the foreigners on terms of equality, is a vain one." King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1856) that he was satisfied with the Board of Education's progress on English instruction "It is particularly gratifying to know that instruction in the English language is prosecuted with so much success among my native subjects. I recommend you to make as liberal a provision for the support of this class of schools as the state of my Treasury will admit." And this Hawaiian Kingdom Policy was very successful in adopting the English language as the main language of education and instruction. 1881: 66% English, 33% Hawaiian 1887: 84% English,16% Hawaiian  1892: 95% English, 5% Hawaiian 1896: 97% English, 3% Hawaiian The NLG is a progressive public interest association. The statement was made by the Hawaiian Kingdom SUBCOMMITTEE of the National Lawyers Guild, which is co-chaired by... wait for it.. Dr. David Keanu Sai. There's nothing sensational, revolutionary or groundbreaking about their statement. Please let me know when the American Bar Association endorses hawaiian independence.
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  85.  @ConradLihilihi  'Colonizer' history books? What are you talking about? Hawai'i was never colonized by the U.S. Lol. Real talk. Queen Lili'uokalani admitted in her OWN BOOK, _Hawaii's Story, and in her official, written testimony to Commissioner Blount that she attempted to overthrow the existing government. Go and read her official book. She failed to legally and peacefully amend the existing constitution... so she desperately tried a power grab... that backfired horribly in her face. She wanted to overthrow the government just like King Kamehameha V overthrew the government when he refused to take the oath to the 1852 Constitution, abrogated the constitution, unilaterally created his OWN constitution, strengthened his autocratic powers (because he didn't want Hawai'i to become a Republic, because, hey, he wanted the King to be the most powerful branch of the Constitutional Monarchy) and he proclaimed the Constitution of 1864... which instituted income, property and literacy tests for voting rights. He made a brazen power play and got away with it. Queen Lili'uokalani wanted to rip a page outta his playbook, but it didn't work. Her opposition knocked her clean on her 'okole, she surrendered, abdicated the throne, pledged allegiance to the Republic of Hawai'i... And the rest is history. Thems the breaks, brah. Don't believe. Go ahead, compare the 1852 and 1864 Constitutions. It's all there. While you're at it, go and read the Queen's Abdication Letter and her Oath Pledge. Please learn more about the real Hawaiian history, not youtube conspiracy theories, propaganda and wishful thinking. Let's talk story, not fairytales.
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  86.  @aerophy2894  Lol. That's nice, but can you please explain HOW the Americans acted like the 'British' in Hawai'i? Do you think that the United States 'stole' Hawai'i? You seem to imply that the word 'British' is something inappropriate or 'evil'. Can you clarify your own argument? Did you think this was a good video?
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  87.  James F  Hawai'i doesn't want independece. Why would we? We're in the middle of the remote Pacific Ocean. We import over 90% of our food and energy. Our agricultural sector is dead because shipping is too expensive to import and export food, there's higher operational costs and everything is cheaper/fresher on mainland Americas and Asia. Our two biggest industries are Tourism ($16B) and Military ($16B). Hawai'i has a first world standard of living and enjoys safety and security by being part of the United States. Why would we stupidly want to leave? The United States has a very large territory, economy, military and has great political influence. Good luck waiting for it to fall. That's gonna take some time. Don't hold your breath, James.😜
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  88.  @Thegreatscumbaggg  Awww, the poor kitty cat is afraid to actually learn about Hawaiian history. She doesn't even have an argument. That makes you a scardy cat. Did you actually think that the U.S. 'stole' Hawai'i? Nope. Lol. Scurry along now, little kitten. Go lick your paws. Come back when you actually have a well supported opinion. Right now, your clap backs are all hiss and no bite.😂🙀☠️
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  89.  @Thegreatscumbaggg  Your troll game is so bad! Got em!!!😂😂😂💀✌️
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  90.  @SilverWolf21566  Thanks! I'm glad that you independently research and verify. Not many people do that any more. It's fun to dive into history and dive into the deeper context. I also like to look at the primary historical documents (like journals, reports, newspapers, etc) of the time period and it lines up with the history books. Most people think history is simple, but geopolitics is often very complex. This vid is a great example of lazy, junkfood history.
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  91. Cleveland was a good friend of Lili'uokalani and he tried to help reinstate her. He had Minister Willis demand that she be returned to the throne, but the Provisional Government rebuffed them. The U.S., Great Britain and Japan even sent warships to Hawai'i to visibly prepare for an invasion, but the insurgents called their bluff and wouldn't yield to their intimidation tactics. President Cleveland asked Congress to investigate alleged U.S. involvement in the Revolution of 1893. The Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report, which exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing. Cleveland withdrew all his support to reinstate the former queen, re-established diplomatic relations with the Republic of Hawaii and even negotiated treaties with them.
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  92. Kanaka and Westerners were trading for 40 years before the missionaries arrived. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old ancestral religion, terminated the harsh, oppressive kapu religious legal system and fought a war to defend his policies. The missionaries arrived SIX MONTHS LATER. By 1893, all the missions had been declared successful and they ended (decades before the revolution). The Hawaiian Kingdom's government made a lot of money 🤑 from sugar through (leasing, taxes, exports, etc). The United States had significant sugar production from Louisiana, Texas and Cuba. Many American politicians and businessmen opposed the annexation of Hawai'i because they didn't want to compete with Hawaiian sugar. The U.S. didn't steal Hawai'i. Queen Lili'uokalani attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab that instigated her own overthrow by her countrymen.
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  93.  @itshenry8977  If Americans weren't there, then Hawai'i would've been conquered by France, Great Britain, or Russia (who had all taken aggressive military action against Hawai'i). France invaded Honolulu. Great Britain had once annexed Hawai'i. And Russia had built forts in Kaua'i. Imperial Japan probably would've conquered Hawai'i because they looked down at Native Hawaiians. The United States was extremely important to Hawaiian development.
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  94.  @kanakaoiwi1609  Polynesians are just an ethnic group. Marquesians, Tahitians, Samoa, Hawai'i, etc are all Polynesians. If the Tahitians migrate to Hawai'i, which were originally inhabited by the Marquesians, then it's not okay because it's Polynesian-on-Polynesian aggression. Kapu was religious law, just like the Ten Commandments in Christianity. However, the Hawaiian Kings could create kapu for whatever they wish. Kamehameha was gifted cattle, which was a very valuable source of meat and sign of wealth. He didn't want anyone to touch his free-ranging cattle. So what did he do? He placed a kapu on it. It anyone hunted his cattle, then they would be punished with death. The old, ancestral religion didn't just disappear overnight. It's common knowledge that the missionaries arrived in 1820, several months after King Kamehameha II abolished the old ancestral religion and ended kapu in 1819. Before the missionaries arrived, the ancestral religion and kapu were under siege. First, the maka'āinana were growing resentful of the oppressive, harsh kapu religious laws. Women especially hated kapu and the restrictions that prevented them from getting power and being seen more as equals. Queen Ka'ahumanu was very influential, powerful and she HATED kapu. There were prophecies that kapu and the feudal/caste system would fall. Westerners visited the islands, broke kapu, and the gods didn't punish them with calamity. This undermined the religion and kapu. Kanaka women would swim/paddle out to greet and interact with haole men and these violations also continued on land, which broke kapu, but had little godly consequences. Slowly, the power of kapu and the native religion weakened. Furthermore, foreign diseases also ravaged the local population, which challenged the spiritual world view of native hawaiians. The spiritual consciousness of Hawai'i was in great flux, which made it easier for the missionaries in the 1820s to arrive and begin conversion. King Kamehameha II (Kamehameha I's son) was partially converted, but the guy did have 4-5 favorite wives and liked to drink rum. He wasn't a full convert. Lol. The missionaries helped convert kanaka, but they weren't the primary cause of religious change. Kapu sucked. Good riddance.
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  95. Did you actually think this video was historically accurate? This video was very poorly researched. It was full of historical inaccuracies, half-truths and propaganda. There was no U.S. genocide in Hawai'i.
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  96. Completely factual? Ha ha. This video is full of historical inaccuracies, half truths and propaganda. The United States didn't 'steal' Hawai'i. Lol. Queen Lili'uokalani tried an illegal and unconstitutional powergrab. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature, unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  97. Captain Lord Paulet annexed and held Hawai'i for five months. Great Britain didn't want any more colonies (they had too many and they were expensive to protect and manage). They just wanted to make money from trade. And, no, the United States didn't 'steal' Hawai'i. Queen Lili'uokalani tried an unconstitutional and illegal power grab, but her political opponents (denizens, citizens and royal subjects) found out about her secret scheme and led a successful counter-revolution to overthrow her in 1893. In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii formally requested that the United States annex their country.
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  98.  @anitamendez116  Just name the law. It's as simple as that. What law of 1898 required a treaty, and only a treaty, for annexation of foreign land? You studied your whole life, right? This should be easy. Mahalo, in advance.
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  99. Kamehameha waged a 20 year war to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He stole all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a Warlord, Imperialist and Conqueror. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū, and wage war he did. Does that also make his empire 'evil'? ;)
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  100.  @algoshosdigitalplayground2226  The Honolulu Rifles were commissioned and approved by the Hawaiian Kingdom government. King Kalākaua even gave them their name. The militia provided security services and appeared for royal events at the palace. The Rifles were funded by local Hawaiians, not the U.S.
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  101.  @foreverknight3448  What U.S. genocide? Over 95% of Native Americans were killed by foreign disease. Disease killed a HUGE MAJORITY of indigenous people. Before Columbus even discovered North America, Native American tribes fought, conquered and committed genocide against one another. After Western contact, Native American tribes allied themselves with Europeans to fight common enemies. There was still warfare between Native American tribes as well as between Native Americans and European colonists.
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  102.  @foreverknight3448  You haven't even provided an example of 'wide scale American genocide'. Do you even know U.S. history? Lol. Every study shows that European diseases, such as smallpox, was extremely deadly. Native Americans also gave Europeans syphilis, which killed millions of people in Europe. Yay! Mother Nature.
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  103.  @foreverknight3448  Ah, so you can't talk about genocide, so now you're trying to change the subject to slavery and reservations. I accept your surrender. The United States did NOT engage in wide scale genocide of Native American. Disease killed ~95% of the indigenous population. Maybe you should go yell at Mother Nature?🤔
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  104.  @puidemare2337  Brah, Johnny Harris also didn't live through the Revolution of 1893 or the Annexation of 1898. Neither did you or I, but guess who did? Queen Lili'uokalani. She admitted to Commissioner Blount and in her OWN book, Hawaii's Story, that she attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. I think she's a good source of information. Queen Lili'uokalani: I told them it was my intention to promulgate a new constitution... At 12pm, I prorogued the legislature... Early in January I mentioned to Captain Nowlein of the household guards, and Mr. Wilson the marshall, my intentions to promulgate a new constitution, and to prepare themselves to quell any riot or outbreak from the opposition. They assured me they would be ready; and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy... There's no primary sources or historical evidence that the U.S. military had any active involvement in the Revolution of 1893. How did the U.S. use its military to overthrow the monarchy? The U.S.S. Boston landed 162 marines and sailors who were given strict orders of neutrality as peacekeepers to protect American lives and property (in case there was a bloody rebellion). The U.S. troops marched past 'Iolani Palace, saluted the Queen and lowered their flag as a sign of international neutrality. They didn't actively participate in the revolution. Captain Wiltse of the U.S.S. Boston gave these instructions to Commander Swinburne of the American troops: You will take command of the battalion and land in Honolulu for the purpose of protecting our legation, consulate, and the lives and property of American citizens, and to assist in preserving public order. Great prudence must be exercised by both officers and men, and no action taken that is not fully warranted by the condition of affairs and by the conduct of those who may be inimical to the treaty rights of American citizens. Both sides (rebels and royalists) provided no statements or evidence that the Americans assisted the rebels. There's no testimony that the American soldiers patrolled the streets, surrounded government buildings, raided offices, engaged in any fire fights, or did anything to actively overthrow the hawaiian queen. By all accounts, they were chilling in their barracks... doing nothing. Meanwhile, the Committee of Safety had 1,100 - 1,600 Honolulu Rifle militiamen who were actively rebelling against a queen who attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. I have researched a great deal of primary sources and historical documents. There is no evidence of a hostile U.S. military overthrow. What research have you done? History may be written by the victors, but it may also be rewritten by the losers. It goes both ways. That's why people have to examine the actual evidence (writing, speeches, newspapers, reports, etc) of the time period for all parties involved. Just because the Clinton Administration issued a dinky, five-page 'apology' resolution, that doesn't mean it's 'true'. The Apology Resolution has no legal effect on the purity of the United States' title and claim to Hawai'i. Queen Lili'uokalani was overthrown by her countrymen in 1893 and, in 1898, they requested annexation by the United States. The Hawaiian Legislature unanimously approved the annexation and the U.S. Congress approved it with a two thirds majority by both the Senate and House of Representatives. Johnny Harris doesn't address any of these details. He only (mis)speaks about history in a way that promotes his propaganda. Then he moves on to the next hi$$$story topic, for clicks and money. Lol
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  105. Historically, the United States didn't need Hawaiian sugar because Cuba, Louisiana and Texas produced a significant amount. Many U.S. politicians and businessmen opposed Hawaiian sugar and competition.
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  106. What 'crimes' did the U.S. commit in Hawai'i?
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  107.  @joehinds29988  How? The U.S. fought no wars or battles with the Hawaiian Kingdom. Queen Lili'uokalani was overthrown by her own countrymen after she attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. The Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles (1,100 - 1,600 armed militiamen) were denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom. How exactly did the U.S. steal Hawai'i? Good luck. Did you actually think this video was historically accurate? Lol
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  108. Most Hawaiians love being part of the U.S. The hawaiian independence movement consists of a tiny, fringe group of conspiracy theorists and secessionists. This isn't a 'white' or 'brown' thing.
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  109. Just a public service announcement for all my ohana. Annexation. After 128 years, there hasn't been a single United States or International Court decision that has declared that Hawai'i was 'occupied' or annexed 'illegally'. There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424?seq=1 ✔✔✔
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  110. Every country builds an empire during the growth and development. Even the Kingdom of Hawai'i was imperialistic, expansionist and had even bigger imperial dreams. Empires are a mixture of good and bad. There are always positive and negative consequences.
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  111.  @infiniteannus3389  Thank You!😄👍
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  112.  @atyanthdutt6632  Nah, the story of Hawai'i isn't simple, cut-and-dry, black-and-white.
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  113. Did you think that this was an accurate representation of Hawaiian history? Not a chance. It's full of misinformation, half truths and propaganda.
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  114.  @saikauwe3601  Yes, this video was poorly researched.
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  115. The U.S. didn't even 'steal' Hawai'i or use 'force' to annex Hawai'i. Lol
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  116.  @pakelika100  Lili'uokalani's Power Grab The Queen's draft of the 1893 Constitution had the following: - Members of the privy council, notary public, and agents would be able to run for the legislature. This was political double-dipping. For example, the Privy Council consisted of the King's cabinet ministers, who were politically aligned with the King. Queen Lili'uokalani wanted to allow her cabinet ministers to also be able to serve in the Legislature, which increases her political power. Also, it's fundamentally wrong to allow one person to serve in both the executive and legislative branches. - The Queen would be given the power to call meetings of the legislature. Queen Lili'uokalani tried to increase power for the sovereign (herself). - The Queen’s private lands and other property were made inviolable. The Kamehameha dynasty ended with Kamehameha V. Kalākaua and Lili'uokalani were no longer sovereigns with inviolable land and property. - The Queen would sign all bills before they became law. The 1887 constitution allowed the Legislature to repass bills with a two-thirds majority and overcome a sovereign's vetoe. Kalākua's reign was considered corrupt. The Legislative branch was given stronger, conditional approval authority. - Nobles would be appointed by the Queen instead of elected. Obviously, this gives more power to the sovereign because Lili'uokalani can appoint noblemen (instead of a more democratic election). The people would concede more power to the sovereign. - American and European residents, granted suffrage in 1887, would lose the right to vote. Voting rights would be taken away from a large demographic group. By 1893, the demographics of Hawai'i were roughly 1/3rd kanaka, 1/3rd westerners and 1/3rd asian. - The Queen would be able to appoint governors of each island for four years. More power for the sovereign. - Article 78 of the 1887 Constitution which required the monarch to perform "with the advice and consent of the Cabinet" was left out. This removed legislative checks-and-balances over the executive branch. If the Queen was proposing minor reforms, then her Constitution of 1893 wouldn't raise any eyebrows. But it wasn't minor. She was upset about the 1887 Constitution just like the westerners were upset about the 1864 Constitution. Queen Lili'uokalani was attempting a major power grab. And, no, the Legislature wasn't ready to pass the new constitution. The Revolution of 1887 had caused a significant power shift. Queen Lili'uokalani kept her plan secret, within her inner circle. She planned on proclaiming (surprise!!!🎉) a new constitution... and she ordered the military to put down any rebellion (that's a power play... and a bit tyrannical). That's a premidated crime. Unfortunately, someone leaked her plan. And the rest is history. Lili'uokalani instigated her own overthrow. Her plan was illegal. Sure, many kanaka would've approved of her power grab and many westerners opposed it. Nevertheless, she overstepped her constitutional powers and suffered the consequences. She's a victim of her own arrogance.
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  117.  @pakelika100  The Hawaiian League threatened to overthrow King Kalākaua because of his corrupt governance and irresponsible fiscal spending. They didn't threaten to assassinate him.
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  118.  @pakelika100  Larsen v Hawaiian Kingdom doesn't prove anything about the perpetuity of the Hawaiian Kingdom. Even the PCA judges openly stated that they can't make any decisions about territory or boundary. Why? Because the case was filed under United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) arbitration rules. INTERNATIONAL TRADE.  Dr. Sai and Larsen filed their arbitration case under international trade. Furthermore, the judges dismissed the case. There was no judgement for either Larsen or Dr. Sai. There was no judgement that the 'Hawaiian Kingdom' still exists. There was no judgement. Period. The case was dismissed. If the PCA stated that the Hawaiian Kingdom still exists, then please provide an excerpt from the actual arbitration award that made such a statement. It doesn't exist. Feel free to prove me wrong. Dr. David Keanu Sai and Mr. Larsen presented a nice horse and pony show. Dr. Sai has a PhD in Political Science (not International Law). He received no arbitration award that states the 'Hawaiian Kingdom' still exists. Again, where is it? His legal stunt failed to earn a legal win, but he scored a propaganda touchdown. Did you actually read the arbitration award?
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  119.  @pakelika100  Pat, now you're just trolling! C'mon, my guy.😂 If Larsen v Hawaiian Kingdom was so significant for the independence movement and U.S. affairs, then how come it didn't make national/international news? Or lead to any United Nations resolutions??? Because it was insignificant and inconsequential. Now, you can hide behind the appeal to expert fallacy as much as you want, but you still haven't provided any statements from the PCA award that prove that the 'Hawaiian Kingdom' still exists. That speaks volumes. Even an armchair analyst can see through Dr. David Keanu Sai's flimsy legal arguments. As an international 'lawayer', he and Mr. Larsen still left the PCA with empty hands.😔👐
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  120. Correct. Also, Queen Lili'uokalani attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab, which provoked her overthrow.
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  121. The U.S. would probably laugh. Hawai'i is an integrated territory of Hawai'i. Taiwan has been an independent, self-governed territory for about 70yrs.
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  122. Arlenn, you don't know anything about Hawaiian history. Lol. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  123. Yeah, people there are still people who speak native hawaiian. It's making a resurgence.
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  124.  @tinyflyingdragons9432  The 93% of statehood voters were Hawaiian residents (kanaka, asians, caucasians, etc). Before the Revolution of 1893, demographically, the population of the Hawaiian Kingdom was roughly one third kanaka, one third westerner and one third asian. Many westerners and asians had migrated to the Kingdom throughout its history. Many kanaka had also died from foreign diseases. After annexation, more Americans and others migrated to Hawai'i. The kanaka were the majority political power until the 1940s, then Japanese-Americans had majority control. The kanaka and caucasians are the minority, even today.
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  125.  Eagle  The original comment is in reference and relative to alleged U.S. 'wrongdoings' in Hawai'i. What's the video about? H-A-W-A-I-I. You guys desperately want to expand the discussion to all of U.S. history. Why? Because the U.S. didn't 'steal' Hawai'i. You guys know very little about Hawaiian history and are suckers for propaganda with slick editing and sexy maps. Have a Nice Day. Aloha!😃🌺
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  126.  @seanco1372  No problem. The story of Hawai'i isn't this lopsided victory where the U.S. steamrolled the islands. In 1893, the U.S. wasn't a super-power but, in 1959, it was. The Hawaiian Kingdom was torn apart by social, political, cultural and economic forces (internal and external). There were classic power struggles (migrants vs natives, ali'i vs maka'āinana, monarchy vs businessmen, royalists vs republicans, technology vs tradition, etc). Mother Nature surely didn't do kanaka any favors with the waves of epidemics that ravaged the population. The 'Big Bad' USA story doesn't fit very well. If anything, the history is much more complicated. There isn't a clear 'good guy' and 'bad guy'. Everyone had a hand in the success and downfall (whether direct or indirect). The U.S./Republic of Hawaii/Provisional Government didn't ban the Hawaiian language. The Hawaiian Kingdom enacted an education policy that highly favored English before the overthrow of the monarchy in 1893. King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1855): "To foster education and widen every channel that leads to knowledge, is one of our most imperative duties... It is of the highest importance, in my opinion, that education in the English language should become more general, for it is my firm conviction that unless my subjects become educated in this tongue, their hope of intellectual progress, and of meeting the foreigners on terms of equality, is a vain one." King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1856) that he was satisfied with the Board of Education's progress on English instruction "It is particularly gratifying to know that instruction in the English language is prosecuted with so much success among my native subjects. I recommend you to make as liberal a provision for the support of this class of schools as the state of my Treasury will admit." And this Hawaiian Kingdom Policy was very successful in adopting the English language as the main language of education and instruction. 1881: 66% English, 33% Hawaiian 1887: 84% English,16% Hawaiian 1892: 95% English, 5% Hawaiian 1896: 97% English, 3% Hawaiian The U.S. didn't ban hula. Hula was banned by Queen Ka'ahumanu in 1830 (because nudity was frowned upon by Christians), but most people didn't listen. Hula was still practiced privately and even publicly practiced, but with clothes. It was a loose 'ban'. In 1874, King Kalākau welcomed hula officially back into the palace. The Great Mahele of 1848 was the biggest land policy failure of Hawaiian Kingdom history. The king, ali'i and konohiki screwed over the maka'ainana and took all the land for themselves. Only less than 1% of the maka'ainana got land, which was about 30,000 acres. The powerful kanaka monarchy and nobility class got 4 million acres. 1 million for the King, 1.5 million for the government and 1.5 million for the nobility. Even worse, the kanaka elitists mismanaged their finances and sold off a great deal of land to foreigners to repay debts. The allodial land rights were designed to protect powerful kanaka while the actual land policies screwed over the common folk, the real hawaiians, the ones who actually managed and cultivated the land for generations. There are many protesters who complain about their "allodial" rights because they're hungry for a huge windfall based on genealogical claim... because their ancestors exploited their own people for great personal gain. The feudal lords of chiefdom days became the royal nobility of the Hawaiian Kingdom. And the exploitation didn't stop. The Great Mahele was a Great Crime of kanaka-on-kanaka fraud. The āina is life, mana, wealth, prosperity and happiness. The kanaka royalty and nobility classes stole all the land and screwed over the commoners, who had tended the ahupua'a for generations. They put native hawaiians behind the eight ball. Politically, the Apology Resolution was intended to help pave the way for federal tribal recognition of the Native Hawaiian people, just like the Native Americans. Legally, it had no effect on any settlement against the United States and didn't alter or modify the purity of land title own by the State of Hawaii. The Apology Bill doesn't support the hawaiian independence activists desire for secession and sovereignty. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the resolution was written with conciliatory and precatory language, not legal language that confers rights or acts as legislation. The Apology Resolution was an opinion statement, not a legal one. If they want federal recognition of the kanaka (similar to the Akaka Bill), then the Apology Bill is an olive branch that can be used to start that process. The Apology Bill doesn't legally support the hawaiian independence movement. The U.S. President, Congress and Military never enacted (or admitted) a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Government. The Apology Bill apoligized for the alleged role that some U.S. citzens and expatriates played in the hawaiian revolution that overthrew the monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by a bloodless and peaceful coup of wealthy and powerful haole, who were naturalized citizens and royal subjects, of the Hawaiian Kingdom.The Morgan Report was 1,176 pages of public interviews on all sides, with cross-examination and under oath (which the Blount Report did not do). The Apology Resolution is just a 5 page opinion statement full of 'whereas' clauses. It doesn't even remotely come close to refuting the Morgan Report, which is still the last word and final government report on the matter
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  127.  @zachcomposto535   Zach, was that your counterargument? You read my post... and that was the best you could come up with? Lol. Kanaka, Westerners and Asians built the Hawaiian Kingdom, from start to finish. The Hawaiian Kingdom was a country with a multiethnic, multinational and multicultural society. It was no longer a loose collection of tribes, constantly at war over āina, mana and wealth. The Kingdom always served the rich and powerful (mo'i, ali'i, konohiki, kahuna and haole), not the maka'āinana. Before 1864, the Kingdom sold more than 320,000 acres to just 213 Westerners. In 1865, the King sold the entire island of Ni'ihau (over 61,000 acres) to one Westerner. By 1893, the Kingdom sold over 600,000 acres to Westerners for plantation use. They sold huge chunks of land at an average price of 92 cents per acre. Meanwhile, only 333 kanaka were financially able to purchase 90,000 acres of land (based on land grant data). The maka'āinana were getting shortchanged by their own government. Like I said, the Great Māhele was a huge government land policy failure. Did you think that the rich, powerful, elitist native hawaiian's care about the poor? Nope. The ali'i treated the maka'āinana poorly during the old chiefdom days and continued to do so when Hawai'i nationalized and modernized. Westerners legally purchased and leased land. Tell me that you don't know Hawaiian history without telling me you don't know Hawaiian history.😌
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  128.  @zachcomposto535  You still don't have a counterargument! Ha ha! Listen, brah, you clearly don't know mo'olelo hawai'i. Don't try to flex, you might pull a muscle.😂
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  129. Pipe down, Milt. I'm from Hawai'i, too. This wasn't even close to the actual history. The U.S. didn't bully or steal Hawai'i. There was a great deal of misinformation, half-truths and propaganda in this video.
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  130.  @pakelika100  Kamehameha steamrolled the islands and threatened Kauai. Kauai yielded because of intimidation. Later, Kaumualii (who was the former mo'i) tried to form an alliance with Russia to liberate his kingdom. The Russians built several forts, but the plan was abandoned (failed) after Kaumualii found out that 1) the Russians didn't have the backing of the Tsar and 2) Kamehameha wasn't happy with what was going on there ;)
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  131.  @ianhomerpura8937  The Hawaiian Kingdom was a weak country that consistently depended on the help of stronger, more powerful nations. The Kingdom couldn't defend itself against the French Crisis, Russian incursion into Kauai, Captain Lord Paulet's annexation for Britain, Kalākua election riots, Revolution of 1864, Revolution of 1887, and Revolution of 1893. It always required help from foreign powers. Early on, Hawai'i wanted to become a British protectorate. In 1851, during the French Crisis, King Kamehameha III secretly requested annexation by the United States, but (ironically) the U.S. declined. King Kalākaua wanted to make Hawai'i a Japanese protectorate, but the Emperor declined. In 1893, the Provisional Government requested annexation, but the U.S. declined again. In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation by the U.S. (a third time by Hawaii!!!), but this time it accepted. And this was five years after the overthrow. This hardly looks like American aggression. Hawai'i was a feeble country that always needed the protection of a Big Brother.
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  132. The United States never attacked or waged war against the Hawaiian Kingdom. Even Queen Lili'uokalani testified that the United States played no active role in the Revolution of 1893. Did you blindly believe this video?
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  133. It's a State. Check your birth certificate, address, bills, driver's license, paycheck, passport and a modern map ;)
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  134. The United States didn't fight any wars or battles with the Hawaiian Kingdom. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet, Hong Kong or Taiwan. The U.S. fought wars against Great Britain, Mexico and Spain where it conquered territory, but it didn't do anything like that to Hawai'i. The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation. In fact, Hawai'i requested annexation and protectorate status from the U.S. on multiple different occasions from the 1850s thru 1890s.
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  135.  @Renanaguilar  United States of America. The word 'American' is perfectly fine to describe U.S. nationals. Canadian. Mexican. American. There's no confusion between the three North American countries and nationalities.
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  136.  @Renanaguilar  Again, you are confused by the names of continents and the names of nationalities. When someone is of 'Brazilian' nationality, are you confused by their country of origin? If someone says 'American', then are you confused about their country of origin? Americans don't refer to themselves as 'North Americans', which would truly be an expression of imperialism because the continent of North America has many countries besides the U.S.A. Do Argentinians refer to themselves as 'South Americans'? I hope not, because the continent of South America has many other countries. Now, it looks like you are just annoyed that our country is called the 'United States of America' and that our nationality is referred to as 'Americans'. When someone refers to an 'American', nobody confuses them with a Chilean. I know I don't have to state the obvious... but sometimes it needs to be done ;)
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  137. In 1830, Queen Ka’ahumanu banned hula in public places, but it was lightly enforced. Hula wasn't criminalized and punished on a large scale. Some people, such as Christians, didn't like how the hula was practiced while naked. Simple problem, simple solution. The dancers put on clothes.
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  138. No problem, history isn't simple, black-and-white and cut-and-dry. This video is full of historical inaccuracies, half-truths and propaganda.
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  139. Robert Wilcox led a rebellion in 1895 to reinstate Lili'uokalani, but they lost.
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  140. Brah, Native Hawaiians weren't peaceful. Before Captain Cook discovered Hawai'i, there was over a hundred years of episodic warfare.
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  141.  @kakela2883  Hey Kakela, I hope all is well. TMT Let's Gooooo!!!
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  142.  The Four Horsemen  It's all historically accurate. I suggest you perform your own, independent research to verify and confirm. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  143.  @Wanderer628  My friend, don't brag so soon. Lol. Do you even know mo'olelo hawai'i? It certainly isn't as simple, cut-and-dry, black-and-white as you claim. Kamehameha V overthrew the government in 1864. He prorogated the legislature, abrogated the 1852 Constitution, unilaterally created his own constitution and strengthened his autocratic powers (removed checks and balances, weakened power sharing and strengthened the king to be more like an absolute monarch), which was unconstitutional and illegal. Sound familiar? Queen Lili'uokalani tried to do the same thing. First, she tried to ammend the existing 1887 Constitution, but she repeatedly failed. Her supporters wanted her to do the same as Kamehameha V and just 'proclaim' a new constitution. She drafted the Constitution of 1893, but her Ministers wouldn't sign it because it was illegal and would cause civil unrest (i.e. riots and/or rebellion). Some of her ministers informed her political opponents about her scheme... and the rest is history. The Queen never submitted her Constitution for approval by the Legislature. She just wanted to proclaim the old one was dead and HER new one was the new law of the land, which was very illegal. It was a reckless power grab that cost her the throne.   King Kalākaua wasn't physically forced to sign the 1887 Constitution. His political enemies threatened to overthrow him if he didn't make political concessions. His political opponents didn't storm Palace 'Iolani and force him to sign a new constitution. Kalākaua had a weak government. He couldn't defend against their intimidation tactics. Instead of directly dealing with his problem via political negotiation/compromise, police response or military action,  he asked his international allies (United States, Great Britain, France, Japan, and Portugal) to help him, but they advised that he agree to the terms set by the Hawaiian League. He capitulated. No one physically put a gun to his head or bayonet to his throat. He conceded in order to save his throne. He didn't assert his authority and defend his government. Kalākaua was already a timid ruler and acted like a figurehead before the Revolution of 1887 even happened. Historically, there have been many civil/uncivil protests/riots/rebellions/revolutions that have changed politics, policy and government. The Right to Revolution goes all the way back to John Locke and even earlier. By its nature, every revolution is 'illegal' from the perspective of the side who lost. Lili'uokalani's Power Grab The Queen's draft of the 1893 Constitution had the following: - Members of the privy council, notary public, and agents would be able to run for the legislature. This was political double-dipping. For example, the Privy Council consisted of the King's cabinet ministers, who were politically aligned with the King. Queen Lili'uokalani wanted to allow her cabinet ministers to also be able to serve in the Legislature, which increases her political power. Also, it's fundamentally wrong to allow one person to serve in both the executive and legislative branches. - The Queen would be given the power to call meetings of the legislature. Queen Lili'uokalani tried to increase power for the sovereign (herself). - The Queen’s private lands and other property were made inviolable. The Kamehameha dynasty ended with Kamehameha V. Kalākaua and Lili'uokalani were no longer sovereigns with inviolable land and property. - The Queen would sign all bills before they became law. The 1887 constitution allowed the Legislature to repass bills with a two-thirds majority and overcome a sovereign's vetoe. Kalākua's reign was considered corrupt. The Legislative branch was given stronger, conditional approval authority. - Nobles would be appointed by the Queen instead of elected. Obviously, this gives more power to the sovereign because Lili'uokalani can appoint noblemen (instead of a more democratic election). The people would concede more power to the sovereign. - American and European residents, granted suffrage in 1887, would lose the right to vote. Voting rights would be taken away from a large demographic group. By 1893, the demographics of Hawai'i were roughly 1/3rd kanaka, 1/3rd westerners and 1/3rd asian. - The Queen would be able to appoint governors of each island for four years. More power for the sovereign. - Article 78 of the 1887 Constitution which required the monarch to perform "with the advice and consent of the Cabinet" was left out. This removed legislative checks-and-balances over the executive branch. If the Queen was proposing minor reforms, then her Constitution of 1893 wouldn't raise any eyebrows. But it wasn't minor. She was upset about the 1887 Constitution just like the westerners were upset about the 1864 Constitution. Queen Lili'uokalani was attempting a major power grab. And, no, the Legislature wasn't ready to pass the new constitution. The Revolution of 1887 had caused a significant power shift. Queen Lili'uokalani kept her plan secret, within her inner circle. She planned on proclaiming (surprise!!!🎉) a new constitution... and she ordered the military to put down any rebellion (that's a power play... and a bit tyrannical). That's a premidated crime. Unfortunately, someone leaked her plan. And the rest is history. Lili'uokalani instigated her own overthrow. Her plan was illegal. Sure, many kanaka would've approved of her power grab and many westerners opposed it. Nevertheless, she overstepped her constitutional powers and suffered the consequences. She's a victim of her own arrogance.
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  144.  @Wanderer628  There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 ✔✔✔
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  145.  @Wanderer628  Kamehameha conquered and unified Hawai'i with great help from westerners (weapons, supplies, tactics, counsel, training and combat support). Hawaiian Kings intentionally blended western systems (education, religious, economic, political and military) with native hawaiian traditions. Kamehameha rewarded Young and Davis (who were instrumental to his victories) with ali'i status, great wealth, governorships, and some even married into his royal family. The kanaka and haole were ohana. Queen Emma is the granddaughter of Young. Davis acted as mo'i when Kamehameha was away on travel. The kanaka and haole built the country together - from start to finish. The Hawaiian Kingdom was a multiethnic, multinational and multicultural society. By 1893, demographically, the Kingdom was roughly 1/3rd kanaka, 1/3rd westerner and 1/3rd asian. Some wanted to maintain the monarchy, some wanted to replace it with a republic and some wanted annexation. And the rest is history. Unfortunately, the Hawaiian Kingdom was a weak country that consistently depended on the help of stronger, more powerful nations. The Kingdom couldn't defend itself against the French Crisis, Russian incursion into Kauai, Captain Lord Paulet's annexation for Britain, Kalākua election riots, Revolution of 1864, Revolution of 1887, and Revolution of 1893. It always required help from foreign powers. Early on, Hawai'i wanted to become a British protectorate. In 1851, during the French Crisis, King Kamehameha III secretly requested annexation by the United States, but (ironically) the U.S. declined. King Kalākaua wanted to make Hawai'i a Japanese protectorate, but the Emperor declined. In 1893, the Provisional Government requested annexation, but the U.S. declined again. In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation by the U.S. (a third time by Hawaii!!!), but this time it accepted. And this was five years after the overthrow. This hardly looks like American aggression. Hawai'i was a feeble country that always needed the protection of a Big Brother.
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  146.  @Wanderer628  Try again, buddy. Politically, the Apology Resolution was intended to help pave the way for federal tribal recognition of the Native Hawaiian people, just like the Native Americans. Legally, it had no effect on any settlement against the United States and didn't alter or modify the purity of land title own by the State of Hawaii. The Apology Bill doesn't support the hawaiian independence activists desire for secession and sovereignty. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the resolution was written with conciliatory and precatory language, not legal language that confers rights or acts as legislation. The Apology Resolution was an opinion statement, not a legal one. If you want federal recognition of the kanaka (similar to the Akaka Bill), then the Apology Bill is an olive branch that can be used to start that process. The Apology Bill doesn't legally support the hawaiian independence movement. The U.S. President, Congress and Military never enacted (or admitted) a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Government. The Apology Bill apoligized for the alleged role that some U.S. citzens and expatriates played in the hawaiian revolution that overthrew the monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by a bloodless and peaceful coup of wealthy and powerful haole, who were denizens, citizens and royal subjects, of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The Morgan Report refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing since they didn't participate in the overthrow, support the hawaiian insurgents in any way and didn't act aggressively or violently against the monarchy. The Morgan Report was 1,176 pages of public interviews on all sides, with cross-examination and under oath (which the Blount Report did not do). The Apology Resolution is just a 5 page opinion statement full of 'whereas' clauses. It doesn't even remotely come close to refuting the Morgan Report. You don't know Hawaiian history ;)
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  147.  @Wanderer628  The Hawaiian Kingdom Constitution of 1864 was the first constitution to have property, income and literacy requirements for voting. It was the first to impose significant voting restrictions. The Constitution of 1887 followed King Kamehameha V's lead. Article 62: Every male subject of the Kingdom, who shall have paid his taxes, who shall have attained the age of twenty years, and shall have been domiciled in the Kingdom for one year immediately preceding the election; and shall be possessed of Real Property in this Kingdom, to the value over and above all incumbrances of One Hundred and Fifty Dollars of a Lease-hold property on which the rent is Twenty-five Dollars per year --or of an income of not less than Seventy-five Dollars per year , derived from any property or some lawful employment , and shall know how to read and write , if born since the year 1840... At this point, I body slammed your lame argument through every floor of a skyscraper. Welcome to rock bottom. Lol. Hawaiian history is very complex. It's not as one dimensional as your thinking. Hippity hoppity, your argument is now my property.😂👊💥👊💥
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  148. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  149. There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 ✔✔✔
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  150.  @anitamendez116  Are you sure, Anita? You're either in denial or intentionally pushing false history and propaganda.
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  151.  @anitamendez116  I have researched all of his arguments. They're bogus. You can't retroactively take today's laws and apply them to historical events that happened before the laws were even created. The relevant Hague, Geneva and International Laws didn't even exist in 1898.
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  152.  @anitamendez116  If you've been studying this your whole life, then please tell me what United States or International Law of 1898 states that a treaty, and only a treaty, can be used for annexation of foreign land. My aunties and uncles have a real tough time answering this question. Show me the palapala with the laws that require the United States to show a treaty for annexation of Hawai'i.
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  153.  @anitamendez116  Anita, it shouldn't be this difficult for you to name the international law of 1898 that requires that a treaty (and only a treaty) must be used for annexation of foreign land. I have reviewed all of Dr. David Keanu Sai's flim flam legal arguments... and he only points to laws that were created AFTER the Annexation of 1898. You can't take today's laws and apply them to historical events that happened before the laws were even created. Dr. Sai wishes he could, but he can't. Obviously.
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  154.  @anitamendez116  Likewise, my friend. But, if you should find the name of that law, then please let me know. Blessings to you and yours.🌄
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  155. Every country will eventually fall, even yours ;)
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  156.  @ceruleanprince7139  The technology was invented, manufactured and installed by haole. Kalākaua simply purchased electricity for his Palace. There's nothing notable or significant about that minor accomplishment. Brah, some kanaka hate the haole, but they love to brag about the literary rates (missionaries) and electricity (westerners).
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  157.  @ceruleanprince7139  The United States had exclusive naval rights to Pearl Harbor due to the Treaty of Reciprocity of 1887. The United States had the right to land troops on Hawaiian soil if there was a threat to its military, consolate or citizens (such as a potential civil war). Demographically, by 1893, Hawai'i was roughly 1/3rd kanaka, 1/3rd western and 1/3rd asian. It's very disingenuous (and somewhat racist) to say that all the westerners and asians weren't 'Hawaiian' because they didn't have koko hawai'i. The Hawaiian Kingdom was a western style country. Did you think it became a western style country without westerners? Kamehameha would never have been able to conquer all the islands without great western help (weapons, tactics, counsel, supplies, training and combat support). Hawaiian Kings intentionally blended western systems (education, religious, political, economic and military) with native hawaiian traditions. The kanaka, westerners and asians were denizens, citizens and royal subjects. Many were kama'āina.
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  158. Nah, his vids are full of historical inaccuracies, half-truths and propaganda.
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  159.  @algoshosdigitalplayground2226  The United States didn't fight any wars or battles with the Hawaiian Kingdom. They didn't overthrow Queen Lili'uokalani. How exactly were they 'evil'? Queen Lili'uokalani was overthrown by the Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles (a local Hawaiian militia force of 1,100 - 1,600 men) after she attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab.
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  160.  @victorledezma6652  Do you think the video fairly and objectively discussed the history of Hawai'i? It left many inconvenient details out. Queen Lili'uokalani tried an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature, unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  161.  @evelynisdeefuck  James Dole was only 16 in 1893 and he didn't move to Hawai'i until 1899. You're getting confused with Sanford B. Dole.
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  162. Queen Lili'uokalani instigated her own overthrow when she attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. The Hawaiian Kingdom doesn't still exist. It was extinguished after the Provisional Government created the Republic of Hawaii in 1894 and its independence ended in 1898 after annexation. The Kingdom still exists... in a history book. After 128 years, there isn't a single U.S. or International Court decision that has declared that the annexation was 'illegal'.
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  163. Politically, the Apology Resolution was intended to help pave the way for federal tribal recognition of the Native Hawaiian people, just like the Native Americans. Legally, it had no effect on any settlement against the United States and didn't alter or modify the purity of land title own by the State of Hawaii. The Apology Bill doesn't support the hawaiian independence activists desire for secession and sovereignty. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the resolution was written with conciliatory and precatory language, not legal language that confers rights or acts as legislation. The Apology Resolution was an opinion statement, not a legal one. If you want federal recognition of the kanaka (similar to the Akaka Bill), then the Apology Bill is an olive branch that can be used to start that process. The Apology Bill doesn't legally support the hawaiian independence movement. The U.S. President, Congress and Military never enacted (or admitted) a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Government. The Apology Bill apoligized for the role that some U.S. citzens and expatriates played in the hawaiian revolution that overthrew the monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by a bloodless and peaceful coup of wealthy and powerful haole, who were denizens, citizens and royal subjects, of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The Morgan Report refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing since they didn't participate in the overthrow, support the hawaiian insurgents in any way and didn't act aggressively or violently against the monarchy. The Morgan Report was 1,176 pages of public interviews on all sides, with cross-examination and under oath (which the Blount Report did not do). The Apology Resolution is just a 5 page opinion statement full of 'whereas' clauses. It doesn't even remotely come close to refuting the Morgan Report.
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  164.  @solivagant1170  I'm glad.😄
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  165.  @1shaymocha  Hawai'i had a Traditional Monarchy and later a Constitutional Monarchy that was controlled by the Mo'i and Ali'i (basically the Native Hawaiian elitists). Westerners bought and leased land legally. Kanaka and haole worked together to build the Hawaiian Kingdom. Most people don't know Hawaiian history (besides a YouTube video here and there). The Mo'i requested help from western advisors to create a western-style government, which had its advantages.
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  166.  @DeVince-J.  You also don't have a counterargument. Do you even know Hawaiian history, De'Vince? You clearly don't. Lol
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  167. Did Johnny talk about how Queen Lili'uokalani attempted to prorogate the Legislature, abrogate the existing Constitution, unilaterally create her own, strengthen her autocratic powers and defend her revolution with her Royal Guard? Or how Queen Lili'uokalani testified that the United States played no active role in the Revolution of 1893? Or how Hawaiian Kings had requested U.S. protectorate status and later annexation by the U.S. (but the U.S. repeatedly declined)? Or how about when the Provisional Government of Hawaii requested annexation in 1894 and the U.S. declined again? Dang... Johnny Boy intentionally skipped many inconvenient parts of Hawaiian History. Lol
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  168. The mainland United States isn't barred from learning Hawaiian history. Lol. Hawai'i had requested protectorate status on three different occasions: Great Britain (King Kamehameha, 1800s), United States (King Kamehameha III, 1851), and Japan (King Kalākaua, 1881). Hawai'i had requested annexation by the United States on three different occasions: King Kamehameha III (1854), Provisional Government (1893), and Republic of Hawaii (1898). Hawaii sought protectorate status and annexation on MANY ocassions. By 1893, demographically, the Hawaiian Kingdom was roughly 1/3rd kanaka, 1/3rd western and 1/3rd asian. Some people supported the monarchy, some wanted a republic and some advocated for annexation. Guess which group 'won'? The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation by the United States and the Republic's Legislature unanimously voted for it. *Later, native hawaiian activists lobbied hard for statehood. In 1919, Prince Kūhio even authored the first Statehood Bill. In 1959, 93% of voters CHOSE to become a State instead of remaining a territory. Like bruh, do some research :)
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  169. Every country can be described as a cancer/pandemic, even yours. Lol.
    2
  170. They're not that good. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    2
  171. Not even close. Lol. The United States didn't invade or fight a war in Hawai'i.
    2
  172.  @funnycity6671  That's not even funny. Why? Because you were so desperate that you changed topics. I accept your surrender. No treaty. LMAO!😂 And, bro, Mexico was defeated by the Texans before the U.S. got involved (years later) and had to beat Mexico a second time. Texas was an independent country for several years before the U.S. annexed it (and kicked Mexico's butt again). You don't know Hawaiian or any other U.S. history. Stop watching Johnny Harris videos. Lol
    2
  173.  @LY-bi6sv   The United States didn't force it's culture upon Native Hawaiians (kanaka maoli). Kamehameha wouldn't have been able to conquer all the island chiefdoms and unify Hawai'i without great western help (weapons, supplies, counsel, training, tactics and combat support). Hawaiian Kings intentionally blended western systems (education, religious, economic, political and military) with Native Hawaiian traditions. The kanaka, westerners and asians built the Hawaiian Kingdom from start to finish. They're all ohana and kama'āina. How did the U.S. 'force' Native Hawaiians to give up their culture? That never happened. It's a huge myth that the Hawaiian language was banned/eradicated by the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii or United States. The Hawaiian Kingdom enacted an education policy that highly favored English before the overthrow of the monarchy in 1893. King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1855): "To foster education and widen every channel that leads to knowledge, is one of our most imperative duties... It is of the highest importance, in my opinion, that education in the English language should become more general, for it is my firm conviction that unless my subjects become educated in this tongue, their hope of intellectual progress, and of meeting the foreigners on terms of equality, is a vain one." King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1856) that he was satisfied with the Board of Education's progress on English instruction "It is particularly gratifying to know that instruction in the English language is prosecuted with so much success among my native subjects. I recommend you to make as liberal a provision for the support of this class of schools as the state of my Treasury will admit." And this Hawaiian Kingdom Policy was very successful in adopting the English language as the main language of education and instruction. 1881: 66% English, 33% Hawaiian 1887: 84% English,16% Hawaiian 1892: 95% English, 5% Hawaiian 1896: 97% English, 3% Hawaiian The Hawaiian Kingdom was a multiethnic, multinational and multicultural society. There are many different reasons as to why 'olelo hawai'i went extinct (assimilation, lack of use, shame, modernization, etc). However, the biggest thing that impacted Hawaiian culture was foreign disease. Over 90% of kanaka died because of disease (similar to Native Americans). All of that is obviously going to have a huge impact on the practice and decline of native languages.
    2
  174. ... is an awesome country.😎
    2
  175.  @larryharris7541  The U.S. didn't colonize Hawai'i. Lol. Let me make it easier for you to understand... Did Kamehameha conquer and unify the islands on his own? No, he needed great help from westerners (British and Americans). Did the United States or Great Britain declare or claim Hawai'i as a colony? No. Did kanaka, westerners and asians build the country together? Yes, every step of the way. Were the westerners and asians denizens, citizens and royal subjects of Hawai'i? Yes. Did the westerners and asians live, work, pay taxes and support the Hawaiian Kingdom? Yes, the haole had a long history with Hawai'i from 1778 through 1893. Was the Hawaiian Kingdom a multiethnic, multicultural and multinational society? Yes. Did the Hawaiian Kingdom requested protectorate status or annexation from other countries? Yes. King Kamehameha wanted to make Hawai'i a British protectorate. King Kamehameha III requested annexation by the United States. King Kalākaua wanted to become a Japanese protectorate. Did the United States 'steal' Hawai'i? No, the U.S. declined an annexation request in 1851 and 1893. The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation in 1898 (five years after the monarchy's overthrow) and the U.S. accepted. If the U.S. were greedy, landgrabbing colonialists, then why didn't they grab Hawai'i sooner? They weren't. Did the United States overthrow the Monarchy? No, the Morgan Report exonerated the U.S. soldiers and agents of any involvement in the Revolution of 1893. I suggest you look at the Committee of Safety and the Honolulu Rifles. There were 1,100 - 1,600 angry hawaiians who overthrew Queen Lili'uokalani after she attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. Some Hawaiians wanted to maintain the monarchy, some wanted a republic and some wanted annexation. Was Hawai'i an American colony? No, it was a country that got annexed by the U.S. after the Revolution of 1893 led to the creation of a provisional government and later the Republic of Hawaii. The rebels had control of the government and requested annexation. Did some colonists object to secession from the British Empire? Yes. Did some Texans object to annexation? Yes. Did some Californians object annexation? Yes. Did some kanaka object to Kamehameha's conquest of Hawai'i? Yes. Does it matter? No, the government decides what happens with the territory. There's no requirement for public referendum or plebiscite. Did 93% of Hawaiian voters choose statehood? Yes. Did the hawaiians receive all the same rights as Americans? Yes. The Organic Act of 1900 gave Hawaiians U.S. citizenship and the Statehood Act of 1959 gave them representation in Congress and the right to vote in federal elections. See, it's not a colony. There, I educated you ;)
    2
  176.  @larryharris7541  Larry, you live next to a large local Hawaiian population? Probably some people who abandoned their kuleana and left the Rock for the mainland, yea? Lulz. And you watched some documentaries, too? Lol. That's your 'ike loa? Second and third hand knowledge? I doubt you know any real mo'olelo hawai'i. I have studied far more history and went deeper into our culture and primary sources than you ever have. Don't even try to flex. You might pull a muscle. The United States didn't 'steal' Hawai'i. Lol. Queen Lili'uokalani tried an illegal and unconstitutional powergrab. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature, unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    2
  177. The United Nations never stated that Hawai'i was illegally occupied. Lol
    2
  178. What if I told you there's lots of missing history, lies and half truths in this video? Did you think it was honest and objective?
    2
  179.  @fuamatu05  The editing and presentation of this vid was great, not gonna lie. But I can point out many historical inaccuracies and falsehoods. This is definitely a propaganda video... and a dangerously good one.
    2
  180. King Kamehameha V was the first to limit voting rights with his constitution. The Hawaiian Kingdom Constitution of 1864 had income requirements, property requirements and a voter test. It disenfranchised voting rights for many denizens, especially the asian penal contract workers. Article 62: Every male subject of the Kingdom, who shall have paid his taxes, who shall have attained the age of twenty years, and shall have been domiciled in the Kingdom for one year immediately preceding the election; and shall be possessed of Real Property in this Kingdom, to the value over and above all incumbrances of One Hundred and Fifty Dollars of a Lease-hold property on which the rent is Twenty-five Dollars per year --or of an income of not less than Seventy-five Dollars per year , derived from any property or some lawful employment , and shall know how to read and write , if born since the year 1840... Kamehameha V overthrew the government in 1864. He prorogated the legislature, abrogated the 1852 Constitution, unilaterally created his own constitution and strengthened his autocratic powers (removed checks and balances, weakened power sharing and strengthened the king to be more like an absolute monarch), which was unconstitutional and illegal. Sound familiar? Queen Lili'uokalani tried to do the same thing. First, she tried to ammend the existing 1887 Constitution, but she repeatedly failed. Her supporters wanted her to do the same as Kamehameha V and just 'proclaim' a new constitution. She drafted the Constitution of 1893, but her Ministers wouldn't sign it because it was illegal and would cause civil unrest (i.e. riots and/or rebellion). Some of her ministers informed her political opponents about her scheme... and the rest is history. The Queen never submitted her Constitution for approval by the Legislature. She just wanted to proclaim the old one was dead and HER new one was the new law of the land, which was very illegal. It was a reckless power grab that cost her the throne.   King Kalākaua wasn't physically forced to sign the 1887 Constitution. His political enemies threatened to overthrow him if he didn't make political concessions. His political opponents didn't storm Palace 'Iolani and force him to sign a new constitution. Kalākaua had a weak government. He couldn't defend against their intimidation tactics. Instead of directly dealing with his problem via political negotiation/compromise, police response or military action,  he asked his international allies (United States, Great Britain, France, Japan, and Portugal) to help him, but they advised that he agree to the terms set by the Hawaiian League. He capitulated. No one physically put a gun to his head or bayonet to his throat. He conceded in order to save his throne. He didn't assert his authority and defend his government. Kalākaua was already a timid ruler and acted like a figurehead before the Revolution of 1887 even happened. Historically, there have been many civil/uncivil protests/riots/rebellions/revolutions that have changed politics, policy and government. The Right to Revolution goes all the way back to John Locke and even earlier. By its nature, every revolution is 'illegal' from the perspective of the side who lost. Lili'uokalani's Power Grab The Queen's draft of the 1893 Constitution had the following: - Members of the privy council, notary public, and agents would be able to run for the legislature. This was political double-dipping. For example, the Privy Council consisted of the King's cabinet ministers, who were politically aligned with the King. Queen Lili'uokalani wanted to allow her cabinet ministers to also be able to serve in the Legislature, which increases her political power. Also, it's fundamentally wrong to allow one person to serve in both the executive and legislative branches. - The Queen would be given the power to call meetings of the legislature. Queen Lili'uokalani tried to increase power for the sovereign (herself). - The Queen’s private lands and other property were made inviolable. The Kamehameha dynasty ended with Kamehameha V. Kalākaua and Lili'uokalani were no longer sovereigns with inviolable land and property. - The Queen would sign all bills before they became law. The 1887 constitution allowed the Legislature to repass bills with a two-thirds majority and overcome a sovereign's vetoe. Kalākua's reign was considered corrupt. The Legislative branch was given stronger, conditional approval authority. - Nobles would be appointed by the Queen instead of elected. Obviously, this gives more power to the sovereign because Lili'uokalani can appoint noblemen (instead of a more democratic election). The people would concede more power to the sovereign. - American and European residents, granted suffrage in 1887, would lose the right to vote. Voting rights would be taken away from a large demographic group. By 1893, the demographics of Hawai'i were roughly 1/3rd kanaka, 1/3rd westerners and 1/3rd asian. - The Queen would be able to appoint governors of each island for four years. More power for the sovereign. - Article 78 of the 1887 Constitution which required the monarch to perform "with the advice and consent of the Cabinet" was left out. This removed legislative checks-and-balances over the executive branch. If the Queen was proposing minor reforms, then her Constitution of 1893 wouldn't raise any eyebrows. But it wasn't minor. She was upset about the 1887 Constitution just like the westerners were upset about the 1864 Constitution. Queen Lili'uokalani was attempting a major power grab. And, no, the Legislature wasn't ready to pass the new constitution. The Revolution of 1887 had caused a significant power shift. Queen Lili'uokalani kept her plan secret, within her inner circle. She planned on proclaiming (surprise!!!🎉) a new constitution... and she ordered the military to put down any rebellion (that's a power play... and a bit tyrannical). That's a premidated crime. Unfortunately, someone leaked her plan. And the rest is history. Lili'uokalani instigated her own overthrow. Her plan was illegal. Sure, many kanaka would've approved of her power grab and many westerners opposed it. Nevertheless, she overstepped her constitutional powers and suffered the consequences. She's a victim of her own arrogance
    2
  181. Wrong. If someone was born in the Hawaiian Kingdom, then they were automatically granted citizenship. They were kama'āina. The Kingdom had a western style government and they implemented the jus soli system.
    2
  182. Dr. David Keanu Sai didn't prove anything. Lol
    2
  183. Really? This was such a poorly researched and biased piece of propaganda. What State do you live in?
    2
  184. James Dole didn't migrate to Hawai'i to start his fruit business until 1899, which was six years after the Revolution of 1893 and one year after the Annexation of 1898. Lol
    2
  185. Hawai'i wasn't stolen, my friend. Most people don't know much about mo'olelo hawai'i. Did Kamehameha conquer and unify the islands on his own? No, he needed great help from westerners (British and Americans). Did the United States or Great Britain declare or claim Hawai'i as a colony? No. Did kanaka, westerners and asians build the country together? Yes, every step of the way. Were the westerners and asians denizens, citizens and royal subjects of Hawai'i? Yes. Did the westerners and asians live, work, pay taxes and support the Hawaiian Kingdom? Yes, the haole had a long history with Hawai'i from 1777 through 1893. Was the Hawaiian Kingdom a multiethnic, multicultural and multinational society? Yes. Did the Hawaiian Kingdom requested protectorate status or annexation from other countries? Yes. King Kamehameha wanted to make Hawai'i a British protectorate. King Kamehameha III requested annexation by the United States. King Kalākaua wanted to become a Japanese protectorate. Did the United States 'steal' Hawai'i? No, the U.S. declined an annexation request in 1851 and 1893. The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation in 1898 (five years after the monarchy's overthrow) and the U.S. accepted. If the U.S. were greedy, landgrabbing colonialists, then why didn't they grab Hawai'i sooner? They weren't. Did the United States overthrow the Monarchy? No, the Morgan Report exonerated the U.S. soldiers and agents of any involvement in the Revolution of 1893. I suggest you look at the Committee of Safety and the Honolulu Rifles. There were 1,100 - 1,600 angry hawaiians who overthrew Queen Lili'uokalani after she attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. Some Hawaiians wanted to maintain the monarchy, some wanted a republic and some wanted annexation. Was Hawai'i an American colony? No, it was a country that got annexed by the U.S. after the Revolution of 1893 led to the creation of a provisional government and later the Republic of Hawaii. The rebels had control of the government and requested annexation. Did some colonists object to secession from the British Empire? Yes. Did some Texans object to annexation? Yes. Did some Californians object annexation? Yes. Did some kanaka object to Kamehameha's conquest of Hawai'i? Yes. Does it matter? No, the government decides what happens with the territory. There's no requirement for public referendum or plebiscite. Did 93% of Hawaiian voters choose statehood? Yes.
    2
  186. It's a huge myth that the Hawaiian language was banned/eradicated by the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii or United States. The Hawaiian Kingdom enacted an education policy that highly favored English before the overthrow of the monarchy in 1893. King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1855): "To foster education and widen every channel that leads to knowledge, is one of our most imperative duties... It is of the highest importance, in my opinion, that education in the English language should become more general, for it is my firm conviction that unless my subjects become educated in this tongue, their hope of intellectual progress, and of meeting the foreigners on terms of equality, is a vain one." King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1856) that he was satisfied with the Board of Education's progress on English instruction "It is particularly gratifying to know that instruction in the English language is prosecuted with so much success among my native subjects. I recommend you to make as liberal a provision for the support of this class of schools as the state of my Treasury will admit." And this Hawaiian Kingdom Policy was very successful in adopting the English language as the main language of education and instruction. 1881: 66% English, 33% Hawaiian 1887: 84% English,16% Hawaiian 1892: 95% English, 5% Hawaiian 1896: 97% English, 3% Hawaiian
    2
  187. Hawai'i is nothing like Georgia or Crimea. Lol
    2
  188. That's not what happened in Hawai'i. I suggest you read up on how the Hawaiian Kingdom converted to Christianity and how land was purchased and leased in the country.
    2
  189. Nobody used religion to fool native hawaiians to give up their land. Westerners had to buy and lease land from the Hawaiian Kingdom government. The Hawaiian Kingdom government made a lot of money $$$ from the sale and lease of those lands. Did you think the wealthy and powerful Mo'i and Ali'i didn't like to get rich? Lol
    2
  190. The Hawaiian Kingdom was a western style country... because it was created by kanaka, westerners and asians (from start to finish). Hawai'i had sought protectorate status from Great Britain, United States and Japan and had requested annexation by the U.S. on three different occasions.
    2
  191. Did you actually believe this silly video? Do more research. Lol
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  192. There's many unmentioned topics.😉 Kamehameha V overthrew the government in 1864. He prorogated the legislature, abrogated the 1852 Constitution, unilaterally created his own constitution and strengthened his autocratic powers (removed checks and balances, weakened power sharing and strengthened the king to be more like an absolute monarch), which was unconstitutional and illegal. Sound familiar? Queen Lili'uokalani tried to do the same thing. First, she tried to ammend the existing 1887 Constitution, but she repeatedly failed. Her supporters wanted her to do the same as Kamehameha V and just 'proclaim' a new constitution. She drafted the Constitution of 1893, but her Ministers wouldn't sign it because it was illegal and would cause civil unrest (i.e. riots and/or rebellion). Some of her ministers informed her political opponents about her scheme... and the rest is history. The Queen never submitted her Constitution for approval by the Legislature. She just wanted to proclaim the old one was dead and HER new one was the new law of the land, which was very illegal. It was a reckless power grab that cost her the throne.   King Kalākaua wasn't physically forced to sign the 1887 Constitution. His political enemies threatened to overthrow him if he didn't make political concessions. His political opponents didn't storm Palace 'Iolani and force him to sign a new constitution. Kalākaua had a weak government. He couldn't defend against their intimidation tactics. Instead of directly dealing with his problem via political negotiation/compromise, police response or military action,  he asked his international allies (United States, Great Britain, France, Japan, and Portugal) to help him, but they advised that he agree to the terms set by the Hawaiian League. He capitulated. No one physically put a gun to his head or bayonet to his throat. He conceded in order to save his throne. He didn't assert his authority and defend his government. Kalākaua was already a timid ruler and acted like a figurehead before the Revolution of 1887 even happened. Historically, there have been many civil/uncivil protests/riots/rebellions/revolutions that have changed politics, policy and government. The Right to Revolution goes all the way back to John Locke and even earlier. By its nature, every revolution is 'illegal' from the perspective of the side who lost.
    2
  193. Lili'uokalani's Power Grab The Queen's draft of the 1893 Constitution had the following: - Members of the privy council, notary public, and agents would be able to run for the legislature. This was political double-dipping. For example, the Privy Council consisted of the King's cabinet ministers, who were politically aligned with the King. Queen Lili'uokalani wanted to allow her cabinet ministers to also be able to serve in the Legislature, which increases her political power. Also, it's fundamentally wrong to allow one person to serve in both the executive and legislative branches. - The Queen would be given the power to call meetings of the legislature. Queen Lili'uokalani tried to increase power for the sovereign (herself). - The Queen’s private lands and other property were made inviolable. The Kamehameha dynasty ended with Kamehameha V. Kalākaua and Lili'uokalani were no longer sovereigns with inviolable land and property. - The Queen would sign all bills before they became law. The 1887 constitution allowed the Legislature to repass bills with a two-thirds majority and overcome a sovereign's vetoe. Kalākua's reign was considered corrupt. The Legislative branch was given stronger, conditional approval authority. - Nobles would be appointed by the Queen instead of elected. Obviously, this gives more power to the sovereign because Lili'uokalani can appoint noblemen (instead of a more democratic election). The people would concede more power to the sovereign. - American and European residents, granted suffrage in 1887, would lose the right to vote. Voting rights would be taken away from a large demographic group. By 1893, the demographics of Hawai'i were roughly 1/3rd kanaka, 1/3rd westerners and 1/3rd asian. - The Queen would be able to appoint governors of each island for four years. More power for the sovereign. - Article 78 of the 1887 Constitution which required the monarch to perform "with the advice and consent of the Cabinet" was left out. This removed legislative checks-and-balances over the executive branch. If the Queen was proposing minor reforms, then her Constitution of 1893 wouldn't raise any eyebrows. But it wasn't minor. She was upset about the 1887 Constitution just like the westerners were upset about the 1864 Constitution. Queen Lili'uokalani was attempting a major power grab. And, no, the Legislature wasn't ready to pass the new constitution. The Revolution of 1887 had caused a significant power shift. Queen Lili'uokalani kept her plan secret, within her inner circle. She planned on proclaiming (surprise!!!🎉) a new constitution... and she ordered the military to put down any rebellion (that's a power play... and a bit tyrannical). That's a premidated crime. Unfortunately, someone leaked her plan. And the rest is history. Lili'uokalani instigated her own overthrow. Her plan was illegal. Sure, many kanaka would've approved of her power grab and many westerners opposed it. Nevertheless, she overstepped her constitutional powers and suffered the consequences. She's a victim of her own arrogance.
    2
  194. Nah, this vid is full of misinformation, historical inaccuracies, half-truths and propaganda. But the editing and presentation is slick! The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  195. Mahalo, I agree that history is very complex. As humans, we often make simple assumptions and observations of our world and tell nice, neat stories as to how everything 'fits'. More often than not, history is very complicated and messy. It's rarely straight forward with 'bad guys' and 'good guys'. When we dive into history, it challenges our simple framework and reveals many valuable lessons. Unfortunately, the Hawaiian Kingdom fell apart due to various social, economic and political pressures. As usual, there was a classic struggle between the old and the new, rich and the poor, culture clash and so on. Ten minutes does no justice (and actually harms) to understanding how Hawai'i was annexed by the U.S.
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  196.  @saikauwe3601  Everyone needs to independently research, verify and confirm what they read, see and hear. History has many great lessons to learn if you're willing to put in the effort.
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  197.  @emmcbride672  Unfortunately, the kia'i are pushing a lot of misinformation, lies and propaganda about the TMT science project. It's a bunch of ugly island politics to support their independence movement. If you would like to consider a counterargument to any of their claims, then feel free to ask me any questions. I have studied this issue extensively and have had many conversations with kia'i, kanaka and my fellow Hawaiians.
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  198. Hawai'i wasn't stolen. Lol
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  199.  @nasserineD  I'm glad you agree.😃 Queen Lili'uokalani tried an illegal and unconstitutional powergrab. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature, unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  200.  @richardramfire3971  Hawai'i isn't one of those 'horrible' things. The U.S. has also done many great things for the world. Every nation is beautiful and ugly. All you have to do is open up a history book. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  201.  @richardramfire3971  Did Kamehameha conquer and unify the islands on his own? No, he needed great help from westerners (British and Americans). Did the United States or Great Britain declare or claim Hawai'i as a colony? No. Did kanaka, westerners and asians build the country together? Yes, every step of the way. Were the westerners and asians denizens, citizens and royal subjects of Hawai'i? Yes. Did the westerners and asians live, work, pay taxes and support the Hawaiian Kingdom? Yes, the haole had a long history with Hawai'i from 1778 through 1893. Was the Hawaiian Kingdom a multiethnic, multicultural and multinational society? Yes. Did the Hawaiian Kingdom requested protectorate status or annexation from other countries? Yes. King Kamehameha wanted to make Hawai'i a British protectorate. King Kamehameha III requested annexation by the United States. King Kalākaua wanted to become a Japanese protectorate. Did the United States 'steal' Hawai'i? No, the U.S. declined an annexation request in 1851 and 1893. The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation in 1898 (five years after the monarchy's overthrow) and the U.S. accepted. If the U.S. were greedy, landgrabbing colonialists, then why didn't they grab Hawai'i sooner? They weren't. Did the United States overthrow the Monarchy? No, the Morgan Report exonerated the U.S. soldiers and agents of any involvement in the Revolution of 1893. I suggest you look at the Committee of Safety and the Honolulu Rifles. There were 1,100 - 1,600 angry hawaiians who overthrew Queen Lili'uokalani after she attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. Some Hawaiians wanted to maintain the monarchy, some wanted a republic and some wanted annexation. Was Hawai'i an American colony? No, it was a country that got annexed by the U.S. after the Revolution of 1893 led to the creation of a provisional government and later the Republic of Hawaii. The rebels had control of the government and requested annexation. Did some colonists object to secession from the British Empire? Yes. Did some Texans object to annexation? Yes. Did some Californians object annexation? Yes. Did some kanaka object to Kamehameha's conquest of Hawai'i? Yes. Does it matter? No, the government decides what happens with the territory. There's no requirement for public referendum or plebiscite. Did 93% of Hawaiian voters choose statehood? Yes. Did the hawaiians receive all the same rights as Americans? Yes. The Organic Act of 1900 gave Hawaiians U.S. citizenship and the Statehood Act of 1959 gave them representation in Congress and the right to vote in federal elections.
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  202.  @nick-k7k   I never said that the U.S. didn't have an imperialism period. I said the United States didn't 'steal' Hawai'i. Big difference. Pay attention. Lol. In 1893, Queen Lili'uokalani attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab, which led to her overthrow by her own countrymen. In 1894, they formed a new government. Later, in 1898, the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation by the U.S. and the U.S. accepted. Meanwhile, Kamehameha was a Warlord and Imperialist who waged a 20 year war campaign to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He stole all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. There's a very good reason why the Big Island is called Hawai'i and the entire volcanic archipelago is also called Hawai'i. Lol. Kamehameha's aumakua was the god of war, Kū, and wage war he did. The United States didn't fight any wars or battles with the Hawaiian Kingdom. Did you actually think Johnny Harris provided a well researched, fair and objective discussion of mo'olelo hawai'i? Not a chance, brah. This video was fruit loops.
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  203.  @HiperKich  The kanaka caused many island birds to go extinct due to human predation, habitat destruction and invasive plant and animal species. There's a great deal of archaeological, paleoenvironmental and anthropogenic evidence that the kupuna had a causal, destructive impact. The kanaka developed population centers in the flat lowlands. They used fire to burn and clear dry areas for agriculture to encourage pili grass for thatching. This converted lowland from dry-mesic forests to taiga grasslands. The fire-clearing, deforestation and cultivation was so heavy and extensive that James Cook, James King and George Vancouver recorded and discussed it in their voyage journals. This destroyed a great deal of habitat for birds, especially the ground-nesting ones. Next, the kanaka introduced invasive animals, such as dogs, chickens, pigs and the infamous pacific rat. The dogs would prey on ground birds, pigs would disrupt habitats, chickens would compete for food and the pacific rat caused all sorts of trouble (such as stealing all the seeds). Lastly, there were many large flightless birds. It was easy for the kanaka (and other animals) to catch them. There are archaelogical firepits with charred bird bones. The kanaka are responsible for the extinction of an estimated half of the the endemic bird species. The polynesians and their invasive, alien species inflicted massive damage to the native flora and fauna for a thousand years before any westerners visited the shores. They weren't great stewards of the land (like everyone else). Sorry, the harmonious indigenous people are a romantic myth. It's shallow, ethnic marketing and pseudo-cultural pride.
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  204.  @whiteeagle6370  Human beings are always the invasive species - including the 'indigenous' ones ;)
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  205.  @pakelika100  Blount could've taken sworn testimony at the Hawaiian U.S. Consulate, which is technically an extension of U.S. soil. The Morgan investigation took sworn testimony under oath, but Blount did not. The Morgan Report is the final, official, government word on the Revolution of 1893. Dr. David Keanu Sai is pissing in the wind and singing a mele. Dr. Sai: It's all coming back to me now!😃🎶 The people who participated in the statehood vote weren't ignorant. 93% of voters CHOSE statehood because they wanted the full benefits of joining the United States. Many native hawaiian activists, including Prince Kūhio, wanted statehood. The Lāhui worked hard for statehood... and got it. Cheee!😆 Hawai'i no longer wanted "He Mele Lāhui Hawaiʻi" and they chose "The Star-Spangled Banner". War crimes? My friend, you have an overactive imagination. Malama pono.
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  206. No, that was the Japan and Philippines during World War II.
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  207.  @pakelika100  Let's take a look at the Larsen v Hawaiian Kingdom case that went to the Permanent Court of Arbitration. The Tribunal didn't award a decision in favor of the hawaiian sovereignty movement. Legally, the Court awarded nothing meaningful in the judgement. A rule for Larsen or Hawaiian Kingdom would've been a symbolic win. They got zilch. No win - for anyone. Larsen and 'Hawaiian Kingdom' both lost. The Tribunal clearly stated that the arbitration rules (that Larsen and Sai filed and agreed to) only dealt with international trade. INTERNATIONAL TRADE 😞 (Take a moment to let that sink in) and not territorial/boundary disputes. NOT TERRITORY BOUNDARY DISPUTES. The Tribunal was perplexed as to why both parties acted like friends👬, who presented the SAME evidence and showed no sign of disagreement (weird!). Larsen didn't even seek damages (weirder!). The Triubunal sat through this charade because both parties completed all the appropriate paperwork and paid for the adjudication. And how did the PCA adjudicate? They dismissed the case under the grounds that "there is no dispute between the parties capable of submission to arbitration" AND, even if it were, the sovereign state that owns the territory, the U.S., wasn't party to the proceedings. The U.S. would never join a flim flam arbitration case about "international trade".  Check out the arbitration award. The stated that they couldn't make a decision on whether the "Hawaiian Kingdom" existed in perpetuity: "the Tribunal can neither decide that Hawaii is not part of the USA, nor proceed on the assumption that it is not. To take either course would be to disregard a principle which goes to heart of the arbitral function in international law." David Sai staged a nice publicity stunt and created some sensational propaganda. And people gobbled it up. He came back empty-handed and made zero progress for his cause, but he still spiked the football and strutted around like a rooster🐓 who just laid an egg (unreal!). Why would the U.S. join this ridiculous arbitration case?
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  208.  @pakelika100  His Excellency? You sure? Dr. David Keanu Sai was found guilty of first degree attempted theft in 1999, which is a felony, due to his Perfect Title scam. And you're going to try and tell me that he has a brilliant legal mind? He's only excellent at conning people. Like I said, take a look at the palapala for the Larsen v Hawaiian Kingdom PCA award and SHOW me where the judges stated that the Hawaiian Kingdom exists in perpetuity. Last time I checked, the judges have the last word in a legal court proceeding (not the Claimant or Respondant). What exactly did the Tribunal say about this international trade case? Oh yeah, they said we don't know why you guys are here, we lack jurisdiction to address your issues (international trade, not boundary or territory disputes), and all relevant parties are not part of the case. Case dismissed.
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  209.  @pakelika100  After 127 years, there is no United States or International Court ruling that has declared that Hawai'i is 'occupied' or the annexation was 'illegal'. Queen Lili'uokalani attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab, which caused a counter-revolution. She instigated her own overthrow by the Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles who were denizens, citizens and royal subjects. The American soldiers didn't actively participate in the overthrow, which is confirmed by all sides (including the Blount and Morgan reports). There was no military occupation because the U.S. military never invaded or fought any battles or wars with the Hawaiian Kingdom.
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  210.  @pakelika100  Queen Lili'uokalani admitted in her formal written testimony to Commissioner Blount that she planned on replacing the existing constitution with her OWN and she was ready to use military force to defend her revolution. Lili'uokalani's book, Hawaii's Story, also included a copy of the same testimony in Appendix B. Early in January I mentioned to Captain Nowlein of the household guards, and Mr. Wilson the marshall, my intentions to promulgate a new constitution, and to  prepare themselves to quell any riot or outbreak from the opposition. They assured me they would be ready; and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy... The Queen admitted she was taking radical steps to try and increase the power of the monarchy. I think she qualifies as a Native Hawaiian historian... and she was there.
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  211.  @pakelika100  Larsen and Sai filed the arbitration case under the United Nations Commission on International Trade (UNCITRAL) arbitration rules, which doesn't apply to territory or boundary disputes. Even the Tribunal noted that "that neither the UNCITRAL Rules nor, for that matter, the UNCITRAL Model Law of International Commercial Arbitration (the Model Law) has any effect as such in international law." Larsen v Hawaiian Kingdom was file with the PCA as an international trade dispute. Furthermore, UNCITRAL doesn't require that parties be a state. UNCITRAL has been used to resolve a variety of arbitration disputes, such as those between private commercial parties where no arbitral institution is involved, investor-State disputes, State-to-State disputes and commercial disputes administered by arbitral institutions. Why did the Permanent Court of Arbitration hear Larsen v Hawaiian Kingdom? Great question!😆 Because both the claimant (Lance Larsen) and the respondent (Dr. David Keanu Sai) paid to have the court case adjudicated. They filled out all the necessary paperwork and listed 'Hawaiian Kingdom' as respondent. They could've listed 'Santa's Village', 'Narnia', 'Asgard' or 'The Lost City of Atlantis'. It doesn't matter. The Tribunal has to refer to what's filed on the paperwork. And what did they conclude? They declared that they CANNOT determine whether or not the 'Hawaiian Kingdom' does or does not exist today AND they only referred to that country in the PAST tense. The Tribunal reviewed the bogus case, quickly dismissed it and awarded no judgement for anyone. That's a goose egg, my friend. Go and read the arbitration award. The PCA didn't conclude that the 'Hawaiian Kingdom' still exists in perpetuity. Dr. David Keanu Sai desperately tries to con people into thinking that it does because he filed paperwork. Auwe, my friend, it takes more than filing paperwork to prove within court that a sovereign country still exists. Furthermore, anyone with basic common sense knows that you can't use international trade arbitration rules to settle boundary or territory disputes. It's a scam.
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  212.  @pakelika100  Queen Lili'uokalani admitted that she tried to prorogue the legislature, abrogate the existing constitution, replace it with her own, strengthen her autocratic power and defend her revolution with military force. Sorry, but she admitted it. Her actions were illegal and unconstitutional. Any honest historian would acknowledge those historical facts ;)
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  213.  @pakelika100  I look at all historical accounts and arguments - regardless of whether native hawaiian, western or asian. We have to be objective and non-biased. History is complex and often ugly.
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  214.  @pakelika100  Do you even know Lance Larsen's complaint? Larsen received several fines for driving his car without a driver's license or a license plate. He received multiple fines for breaking Hawai'i State law. He refused to comply with the law and didn't pay the penalty fines so he was jailed for 30 days. Larsen accused Sai (self-proclaimed Regent Pro-Tem of the 'Hawaiin Kingdom') of failing to protect his rights as a 'Hawaiian Kingdom' citizen. Larsen and Sai were friends who conspired together to get a flim flam case (involving motor vehicle fines) submitted to the PCA. The Tribunal saw through their charade and dismissed the case. presumption - an idea that is taken to be true, and often used as the basis for other ideas, although it is not known for certain. Yes, Dr. David Keanu Sai has made the presumption that the Hawaiian Kingdom still exists in perpetuity. However, the Tribunal clearly stated that it doesn't share this presumption and, legally, cannot make such a declaration... because it's an arbitration case about international trade... and motor vehicles fines. Smh. Kamehameha V abrogated the 1852 Constitution and replaced it with HIS Constitution of 1864 (which was illegal and unconstitutional). The Hawaiian League abrogated the 1864 Constitution  and replaced it with THEIR Constitution of 1887 (which was illegal and unconstitutional). Queen Lili'uokalani tried to abrogate the 1887 Constitution and replace it with HER Constitution of 1893 (which was illegal and unconstitutional). Do you see the pattern? However, she failed miserably. Her political opponents led a successful counter-revolution to overthrow her. All revolutions are inherently illegal. Queen Lili'uokalani instigated her own overthrow. The Kū'ē Petitions showed that a majority of kanaka opposed annexation, not a majority of hawaiians. The Hawaiian Kingdom was built by kanaka, westerners and asians. They were kama'āina and ohana. The Kingdom was a multiethnic, multicultural and multinational society. Some wanted to maintain the monarchy, some wanted to replace it with a republic and others wanted annexation. The Kū'ē petitions don't matter because the royalists didn't have control of the government. In 1895, Robert Wilcox led a counter-revolution to reinstate the former queen, but the royalists were defeated in several battles. The new government defended its power and cemented its control over the country. There were some Hawaiians, Texans and Californians who opposed the annexation of their countries, but only the government's vote mattered. The Republic of Hawaii voted unanimously for annexation. China could try to annex the United States, but they'd have to fight us for it. The winner would  decide. The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation. The U.S. accepted the offer and memorialized it with a joint resolution. Both countries formed a mutual, bilateral agreement that they accepted, approved and acted accordingly. The U.S. didn't just 'grab' Hawai'i. There was no United States or International Law of 1898 that stated only a treaty (and only a treaty) must be used for annexation of foreign land. Similarly, there were no laws of 1898 that said a joint resolution couldn't be used to memorialize an annexation agreement. Go ahead and name the law of 1898? No can? Racism? Brah, there was racism between kanaka and haole during the Kingdom and there is still racism between kanaka and haole today. Racism goes both ways. There are many beautiful (and ugly) parts to each culture and civilization. The kanaka and haole are no different. All you have to do is open up their history books. One man's hero is another's villain.
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  215.  @pakelika100  All of the Hawaiian Kingdom's international allies and treaty holders (all nineteen of them!) provide de facto, written and formal recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every transition of Hawai'i from Kingdom to U.S. Territory. Robert Wilcox led a counter-revolution in 1895 to reinstate Queen Lili'uokalani, but the royalists lost the battles. The new government defended its power and cemented its control over the country. After the Morgan report was released, President Cleveland withdrew his support to reinstate the former queen, reestablished diplomatic relations with the Republic and negotiated treaties with them. Queen Lili'uokalani TRIED to transfer her sovereign power to the United States, but the U.S. never accepted it. There was no meeting of the minds between Lili'uokalani and Cleveland where they both signed an agreement to transfer and accept power. The U.S. Congress never ratified any such agreement and the U.S. never held temporary sovereign power on behalf of the Hawaiian Kingdom. Cleveland only offered to help mediate a solution to the rebellion in Hawai'i. There was never a formal, binding agreement to do so. Hawai'i followed a path similar to Texas. Both failed annexation attempts using treaty, but were later annexed by joint resolution with one huge difference. The Newlands Resolution was passed by a TWO THIRDS majority by both the Senate and the House of Representatives, which exceeds the approval criteria of even a treaty. The House passsd the resolution with a vote of 209 to 91 (69%) on June 15, 1898. The Senate passed the resolution on July 6, 1898 with a tally of 42 to 21 (66%). President McKinley signed it on July 7, 1898. Ironically, if they chose to ratify another treaty, then it would've passed Congress. Regardless, the Newlands Resolution had 2/3rds support from both houses, which beats the ratification requirements of a treaty. The U.S. Constitution doesn't define the process and powers for annexation of foreign land. Article 6 doesn't cover it. President Jefferson ran into this problem when he wanted to acquire the Louisiana Territory. He wanted to make an amendment to fix this problem, but the Senate blocked him and thought a treaty was good enough. This same loophole allows a joint resolution to be used for annexation. There is no violation of the Constitution because the constitution is silent on this issue. There have been many instances in U.S. history where acts and joint resolutions have been used instead of treaties. The annexation of Texas and Hawai'i and end of World War I was achieved with joint resolution. And Texas is 41 times BIGGER than tiny Hawai'i. There are many more examples in this journal: "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" James W. Garner https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 A petition only matters if the government heeds the will of the people. Some people wanted to maintain the monarchy, some wanted a republic and some wanted annexation. The royalists were defeated. The rebels had firm control of the government from 1893 to 1898. That's five years of full control over the government apparatus. Did the Republic of Hawaii listen to the Kū'ē Petition? No. Does a petition have any legal and binding weight. No. Did the American colonists hold a public vote to secede from the British Empire? No, only the colonial governments voted, not the people. Did the Californians or Texans hold a public referendum for annexation? No, only the vote of their republican governments mattered. Did Kamehameha hold a plebiscite to unify Hawai'i? No, he used an axe, spear, knife, musket and cannon for his consensus building. There were always those who disagree with annexation. However, the most important thing is whether you are on the winning side of the revolution. Surrender is never a good 'survival' strategy. Again, if Russia tried to annex the U.S. with simple legislation, then the U.S. and Russia would most likely have to fight a war. The U.S. and Republic of Hawai'i never fought a war. The Republic of Hawaii offered an annexation deal, the U.S. accepted and it was memorialized with the Newlands Resolution, which was ratified with a TWO THIRDS majority by BOTH the Senate and House of Representatives. Clearly, you don't understand the Larsen v Hawaiian Kingdom case or the arbitration award. Effectively, Larsen and Sai were buddies who filled out all the necessary palapala to get a flim flam case about DMV fines into the PCA with international trade arbitration rules, but the Tribunal quickly dismissed the case because it had no merit and was outside their jurisdiction. Sai's presumption was null and void and his propaganda stunt was dead on arrival. That failed case did nothing to advance the independence movement. His Excellency has failed excellently for thirty years.
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  216.  @geokomalo2790  Even the Native Americans migrated to the Americas and the Native Hawaiians migrated to Hawai'i. The 'true' Americans were conquered by someone else just like the 'true' Hawaiians (Marquesians) were conquered by someone else (Tahitians). Yes, indigenous peoples took over other indigenous peoples. Tribes fought and conquered other tribes. Do you want to talk about the Aztec Empire or Kamehameha? Humans didn't just magically arrive to the Americas or Hawai'i. Everyone migrated, competed and conquered.
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  217.  @pakelika100  Lili'uokalani's revolution of 1893 failed. And so did Wilcox's counter-revolution in 1895. Meanwhile, the Republic of Hawaii was successfully annexed. Dr. Sai has published many refutable arguments. Publications aren't the be-all-end-all. A hui hou :)
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  218.  @pakelika100  The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i... until the Tahitians showed up, instituted a feudal caste system, oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religious law and declared themselves divine, hereditary rules, descendants of Akua. They became the 'new' Hawaiians. It's good to be King (mo'i)... not so good to be a peasant (maka'āinana).
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  219.  @mastersonogashira1796  The United States didn't take Hawai'i by force. The U.S. didn't fight any battles or wars with the Hawaiian Kingdom. The U.S.S. Boston landed 162 soldiers (marines and SAILORS - Lol) who were given strict orders of neutrality as peacekeepers to protect American lives and property. They didn't surround any government buildings, raid any offices, patrol any streets, provide any material aid to the rebels, or engage in any fire fights. They just marched passed 'Iolani Palace, saluted the Queen, lowered their flag as an international sign of neutrality and retired to their barracks. They did not actively engage in the revolution. Meanwhile, the Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles assembled a local, hawaiian militia force of 1,100 - 1,600 men (who were denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom). The Queen attempted to overthrow the government with an illegal and unconstitutional power play, but her (Hawaiian) political opponents found out about her secret plan and overthrew her. Aloha 'Oe. Nobody forced Lili'uokalani to act irresponsibly naive, arrogant and stupid. The Americans didn't overthrew her. Her own subjects had enough of her nonsense. Has there ever been a 'good' King or Queen? Lol
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  220.  @narutoamvs2878  The U.S. government provides certain benefits to kanaka maoli that are based on race. Serious Question. How are you going to administer social benefits based on RACE without blood quantum? Do you know how pissed off people would be if a person with 1% native hawaiian blood got $1/99yr Hawaiian Homelands and someone with 100% koko hawai'i did not? How would you administer race-based benefits? It ain't simple. Politically, the Apology Resolution was intended to help pave the way for federal tribal recognition of the Native Hawaiian people, just like the Native Americans. Legally, it had no effect on any settlement against the United States and didn't alter or modify the purity of land title own by the State of Hawaii. The Apology Bill doesn't support the hawaiian independence activists desire for secession and sovereignty. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the resolution was written with conciliatory and precatory language, not legal language that confers rights or acts as legislation. The Apology Resolution was an opinion statement, not a legal one. If you want federal recognition of the kanaka (similar to the Akaka Bill), then the Apology Bill is an olive branch that can be used to start that process. The Apology Bill doesn't legally support the hawaiian independence movement. The U.S. President, Congress and Military never enacted (or admitted) a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Government. The Apology Bill apoligized for the role that some U.S. citzens and expatriates played in the hawaiian revolution that overthrew the monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by a bloodless and peaceful coup of wealthy and powerful haole, who were denizens, citizens and royal subjects, of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The Morgan Report refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing since they didn't participate in the overthrow, support the hawaiian insurgents in any way and didn't act aggressively or violently against the monarchy. The Morgan Report was 1,176 pages of public interviews on all sides, with cross-examination and under oath (which the Blount Report did not do). The Apology Resolution is just a 5 page opinion statement full of 'whereas' clauses. It doesn't even remotely come close to refuting the Morgan Report.
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  221.  @mastersonogashira1796  The United States and Britain were often involved in Hawaiian domestic and international crises, such as the Russian incursion into Kauai, French Crises, Lord Paulet Affair that annexed Hawai'i for Great Britain for five months, Kalākaua Election Riots and many other periods of Hawaiian unrest. British Hawaiian Minister Wodehouse wanted an American ship to have long-term dock and patrol in Hawai'i in case there were problems. After the Revolution of 1887, President Cleveland's administration informed the U.S. Hawaiian Mininster that he should land U.S. troops to protect life and property if there was another rebellion. In 1893, Queen Lili'uokalani tried an illegal and unconstitutional power grab and got knocked onto her 'okole. The hawaiian rebels found out about her secret plan and requested help from U.S. Mininster Stevens. Stevens could only land troops to protect American life and property. He couldn't use American troops to actively support the rebellion against their tyrannical queen. The best he could do was offer political support to recognize the new provisional government if their revolution succeeded. The American troops landed and did absolutely nothing to help win the revolution. The Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles did it all by themselves.
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  222.  @pakelika100  Pat, you don't know mo'olelo hawai'i? This is grade school stuff. There's a lot of archaeological and anthropological evidence showing Marquesians as the first settlers of Hawai'i. They found many adzes, fishhooks, and pendants at early settlement sites that were similar. Both languages show linguistic evidence that the Hawaiian alelo has Marquesian roots. Computer simulations show that the Marquesians had over an 80 percent chance of reaching Hawai'i, based on their tradition of ‘imi fenua. The first wave of colonization by the Marquesians occurred between the third and fifth centuries. Even the 'legend' of the menehune support Marquesian early settlement. Everyone knows that multiple waves of polynesians migrated to Hawai'i. Everyone also agrees that 'magic elves' (the legend of little menehune) don't exist. Anthropology studies the characteristics of human societies and their evolution. Folklore is very important to social anthropology. The magical, elfish menehune (who were skilled craftspeople that built magnificent heiau, loko iʻa and other structures overnight) is most likely a modern folk tale (created after post-western contact). However, from an anthropological view, the menehune are very interesting. The Tahitian word for commoner is manahune. The manahune were the royal subjects and property of the ruling ari'i class. When theTahitians were conquered by people from Raiatea (who weren't very kind), 'manahune' took on the negative connotation ('lowly class'). If anyone resisted ar'i rule, then they were banished and lost all hereditary rights and social status. Here's one Tahitian mele that talks about how people were exiled to the mountains and sea: Go down to the depths of Toareva, Thy bones shall be scattered over the long road of exile; Forever shall thy face be covered with clouds of darkness; Thine eyes shall nevermore look upon the light of day; For you have tainted the blood of the gods. Go! We know you no more. The mountains and the sea are now your legacy. Modern people confused low social status with shortness in height. Thus, magic elves ;) The Marquesans don't have the word 'manahune' in their vocabulary. Their word for commoner is maka'āinana, which also became the accepted hawaiian word for commoners who tended the ahupua'a. The Tahitian manahune and the Marquesian/Hawaiian maka'āinana were royal subjects and commoners. When the Tahitians migrated to Hawai'i, they brought along with them a feudal caste structure and kapu. They took control of the islands and may have labeled the previous settlers as manahune, which later became menehune. Hawai'i has a long oral tradition and things change over time. Now, here's where it gets even more interesting. The 1820 Census of Kaua'i reported more than 2,000 people where 65 were reported as 'menehune'. This was a 'careful census' (conducted by Kaumuali'i) that officially reported the existence of menehune in government documents. Who were the menehune? They were descendants of the Marquesians who had arrived earlier.
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  223.  @mastersonogashira1796  American troops often landed on Hawai'i to conduct practice drills and exercises. It wasn't uncommon for American troops to be on Hawaiian soil.
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  224.  @mastersonogashira1796  If China had a history of sending soldiers to resolve our U.S. domestic and international problems and we asked them for help because our President was making an illegal and unconstitutional power play, then, no problem, they can show up to protect Chinese people and property. They also probably wouldn't want to participate in our civil war and would stay neutral. I didn't miss the point, your point was just poorly constructed.😉
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  225.  @bjornssonfilm  Republic of Hawaii: We would like to join the United States. Please annex us.😄🌸 United States: Okay.😄💍 Activists: ThEY sTOle HaWAii!!!
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  226.  @mastersonogashira1796  The American Colonists also received help from the French when they seceded from the British Empire. Similarly, the Hawaiian Rebels received political support from the United States, but the American soldiers didn't go in guns blazing!💥🔥💀 The 162 marines and sailors (SAILORS! Lol) chilled in their barracks... and did nothing to physically participate in the Revolution of 1893. Meanwhile, Queen Lili'uokalani attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab and got her 'okole handed to her by the Committee of Safety and 1,100 - 1,600 armed, angry militiamen who were denizens and citizens of Hawai'i... AND her royal subjects.
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  227.  @pakelika100  Who's Ken Conklin? And does he have a felony conviction for first degree attempted theft like Dr. David Keanu Sai. After thirty years, Dr. Sigh😧 hasn't won a single major battle for the independence movement. That marshmallow 'okole is nothing but a snake oil salesman and a con man who's trying to pull a fast one over the lāhui. His 'theories' are nothing but pol-sci propaganda. Lol
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  228.  @mastersonogashira1796  Brah, you don't know Hawaiian history. The U.S. didn't 'overthrow' or 'steal' Hawai'i. Sure, the U.S. has done some shadey things... just like every other country and civilization in history. All you gotta do is open up a history book ;) For example, the Hawaiian Kingdom monarchy and government condoned, supported and regulated the penal contract labor system, which was like slavery for many Asian migrant workers. After the Annexation of 1898, the U.S. passed the Organic Act of 1900 which ended the penal contract labor system in Hawai'i. See, the United States isn't all bad. Lol😉
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  229.  @pakelika100  I don't have to prove my point in front of Dr. Sigh.😧 He validates my argument with his repeated failures. Thanks, your 'Excellency'. After thirty years, he hasn't won a single, significant court case for the independence movement. After 127 years, no one has proven that Hawai'i is 'occupied' or that the annexation was 'illegal'. Every criminal claims that they're 'innocent'. Dr. David Keanua Sai is no different. He's so 'brilliant' that he couldn't successfully defend himself from his 'wrongful' felony conviction. Lol
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  230. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet or Taiwan. The U.S. didn't 'steal' Hawai'i. The U.S. didn't fight any wars or battles with the Hawaiian Kingdom... and it didn't forcefully invade, overthrow or conquer Hawai'i.
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  231. Hawai'i wasn't colonized. Did Kamehameha conquer and unify the islands on his own? No, he needed great help from westerners (British and Americans). He wouldn't have been able to conquer all the island chiefdoms without great western help (weapons, supplies, tactics, training, counsel and combat support). Did the United States or Great Britain declare or claim Hawai'i as a colony? No. Did kanaka, westerners and asians build the country together? Yes, every step of the way. Hawaiian Kings intentionally blended western systems (education, religious, economic, political and military) with native hawaiian traditions. Were the westerners and asians denizens, citizens and royal subjects of Hawai'i? Yes. Many migrated to Hawai'i, built their lives and had children in Hawai'i. They were kama'āina. Did the westerners and asians live, work, pay taxes and support the Hawaiian Kingdom? Yes, the haole had a long history with Hawai'i from 1777 through 1893. Was the Hawaiian Kingdom a multiethnic, multicultural and multinational society? Yes. Did the Hawaiian Kingdom requested protectorate status or annexation from other countries? Yes. King Kamehameha wanted to make Hawai'i a British protectorate. In 1851, King Kamehameha III requested annexation by the United States, but (ironically) the U.S. declined. King Kalākaua wanted to become a Japanese protectorate, but the Japanese emperor declined. Did the United States 'steal' Hawai'i? No, the U.S. declined an annexation request in 1851 and 1893. The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation in 1898 (five years after the monarchy's overthrow) and the U.S. accepted. President Cleveland asked Congress to investigate alleged U.S. involvement in the Hawaiian Revolution of 1893. The Senate Committee on Foreign Relations released the Morgan Report, which exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing. Cleveland withdrew his support to reinstate the former queen, reestablished diplomatic relations with the Republic of Hawaii and negotiated treaties with them. If the U.S. were greedy, landgrabbing colonialists, then why didn't they grab Hawai'i sooner? They weren't. Did the United States overthrow the Monarchy? No, the Morgan Report exonerated the U.S. soldiers and agents of any involvement in the Revolution of 1893. I suggest you look at the Committee of Safety and the Honolulu Rifles. There were 1,100 - 1,600 angry hawaiians who overthrew Queen Lili'uokalani after she attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. Some Hawaiians wanted to maintain the monarchy, some wanted a republic and some wanted annexation. Was Hawai'i an American colony? No, it was a country that got annexed by the U.S. after the Revolution of 1893 led to the creation of a provisional government and later the Republic of Hawaii. The rebels had control of the government and requested annexation. Did some colonists object to secession from the British Empire? Yes. Did some Texans object to annexation? Yes. Did some Californians object annexation? Yes. Did some kanaka object to Kamehameha's conquest of Hawai'i? Yes. Does it matter? No, the government decides what happens with the territory. There's no requirement for public referendum or plebiscite. Did 93% of Hawaiian voters choose statehood? Yes. Do Hawaiians share the same rights as everyone else? Yes, the Organic Act of 1900 gave U.S. citizenship to the Territory of Hawai'i and the State Admission Act of 1959 gave them full representation and voting rights in federal government. See, it's not a colony ;)
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  232. Native Americans often warred, conquered and stole land from one another. Do you want to talk about the Aztecs? They conquered many Central American city states. No one owns land. You can only defend it. Mexico failed to defend its territory from the Comanches, Texas and the United States. They lost several important wars.
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  233. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  234.  @Manon627  Go ahead, pick one point and let's talk about it. I'm very confident you don't know what you're talking about. Do you even have a counterargument? Don't be scared.😄
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  235. No they aren't. Lol
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  236. The Hawaiian Kingdom relied on local militias to help defend the country and government. In 1884, the second company of the Honolulu Rifles were organized and approved of by King Kalākaua. In 1893, Queen Lili'uokalani attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab, which instigated her overthrow. She wanted to abrogate the existing constitution, prorogue the legislature, unilaterally create her own constitution, strengthen her autocratic powers and defend her revolution with her royal guard. Her political opponents found out about her secret plot and they mobilized a large militia of 1,100 - 1,600 men. The rebels asked for U.S. help against their tyrannical queen, but the U.S. could only send a neutral, peacekeeping force to protect U.S. lives and property. The U.S. Minister of Hawaii offered political support to recognize the rebels it they could overthrow the Queen. The U.S. soldiers (only 162 marines and SAILORS) didn't play an active role in the Revolution of 1893. They didn't surround the city, patrol any streets, raid any government offices, engage in combat or provide any material aid to the rebels.
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  237. @Billy Mays The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  238. Great Britain, France, Russia, Spain, Japan and even Canada all had eyes and interest in Hawai'i. Great Britain once briefly annexed Hawai'i to the United Kingdom. France attacked and briefly held Honolulu. Russia built forts on Kauai Island. Hawai'i was seen as a valuable and strategic location by many countries around the world.
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  239.  @NZ_NATIV3  Same to you. I like learning about history because it's interesting to see how things actually transpired. Have a good one!
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  240.  @mclovinmclovin5395  King Kamehameha had 21 wives. Lol
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  241. This video is full of historical inaccuracies, half truths and propaganda. Queen Lili'uokalani attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab, which led to her overthrow. After annexation, Native Hawaiian activists lobbied hard for statehood. In 1919, Prince Kūhio even wrote the first Statehood Bill. In 1959, 93% of voters chose Statehood.
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  242. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  243. The United States didn't steal Hawai'i. Even Queen Lili'uokalani testified, during the Blount and Morgan investigations, that the U.S. military played no active role in the Revolution of 1893.
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  244. Democrats and Republicans are both terrible. Never trust anything said by a career politician. This is true all over the world. Lol
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  245.  @richegarcia4531  You clearly don't know mo'olelo hawai'i. Have you even read a real hawaiian history book and primary historical artifacts? Did you think they just overthrew Queen Lili'uokalani for no reason? The Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles were denizens, citizens and royal subjects of Hawai'i. Did you think your simple articles cover the complex history of Hawai'i? Did you blindly believe this youtube vid? I gave you TONS of Hawaiian history. Go and independently research and verify. You shame, you starve. Rojah?😁👊💥👊💥
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  246. The Marquesians were the first aboriginal colonizers of the Hawaiian archipelago. Did the Marquesians consent to the Tahitians who showed up a few hundred years later to take control of all the islands, create a feudal caste system, impose a new religion, and enforce harsh kapu religious law? Did the other chiefdoms consent to Kamehameha killing them and stealing their land, power and wealth? Kamehameha was a Warlord, Imperialist and a Conqueror. Did the British consent to the American colonists secession from the Empire? No, the British considered them as traitors, secessionist and terrorists just like Queen Lili'uokalani considered the Committee of Safety and insurgents. Ironically, Queen Lili'uokalani was also a traitor because she took an oath to uphold, protect and defend the constitution. Instead of trying to solve problems with political solutions, she tried to take a shortcut with armed revolution and a power play that backfired on her.
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  247. This wasn't even remotely close to the truth. Queen Lili'uokalani was overthrown after she attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. The U.S. soldiers didn't actively participate in the Revolution of 1893.
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  248.  @saikauwe3601  That did happen. It's history. Lol
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  249.  @noticemesenpai69  In 1893, Japanese intellectuals viewed native hawaiians as dojin, a derogatory term for 'land people'. The Japanese considered native hawaiians as mentally, physically and culturally inferior. They thought westerners were more advanced and were disgusted with how the hawaiians didn't fight to protect their country (during the revolution). By that time, Japan was entering its period of modernization, imperialism and colonialism. They felt that the Pacific Islanders needed to be guided by a more advanced people. Hawai'i was an invaluable, strategic location for economic, political and military power in the Pacific.
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  250.  @saikauwe3601   Brah, I provided a reference to a research paper from the Japanese Journal of American Studies, No. 23 (2012), Hiromi Monobe). It's from a Japanese journal. You got no counterargument. Lol
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  251.  @saikauwe3601  You got no counterargument! Sit down, playa. You're making a fool of yourself.😂
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  252.  @frruitloop7488  Yikes, you don't have a counterargument. Have a nice day. Lol
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  253.  @Unknown-ht5re  The Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles, a local, Hawaiian militia force of 1,100 - 1,600, overthrew Lili'uokalani. They were denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom (not U.S. forces). They were pissed that Lili'uokalani attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. Queen Lili'uokalani, the royalists, the rebels and the American soldiers all testified that the U.S. soldiers DID NOT actively participate in the Revolution of 1893. Afterwards, the U.S., Britain and Japan sent warships to visibly prepare for an invasion, but the rebels didn't yield to their intimidation tactics. If the U.S. overthrew Hawai'i, then why didn't the rebels listen to the President (especially with the threat of invasion)??? President Cleveland asked Congress to investigate the alleged U.S. involvement. The Senate Committee on Foreign Relations released the Morgan Report, which exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing. Cleveland then withdrew all his support to reinstate the former queen, re-established diplomatic relations with the Republic of Hawai'i and even negotiated treaties with them. In 1898 (five years after the revolution), the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation and the U.S. accepted. All of the Hawaiian Kingdom's allies (all 19 of them!) provided de facto, written and formal recognition of Hawaii's transition from country to Provisional Government, to Republic of Hawaii, to Territory, to State. The international community legitimized every step of the process. That doesn't look at all like a hostile overthrow/annexation/conquest.
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  254.  @bobobsen  Nuanced view? Lol. Did you want me to provide wishy-washy support of your personal, uninformed bias that the United States 'stole' Hawai'i. If you read several of my comments, then you must've not learned much. You clearly don't know Hawaiian history. Please don't misinform yourself using a cheesy, short YouTube propaganda video. Put the actual work into it, my guy. History isn't simple, cut-and-dry, black-and-white. Educate yourself. The Hawaiian Kingdom was a multiethnic, multicultural and multinational society. By 1893, the population was roughly equal parts kanaka, westerner and asian. Did you think that Hawai'i was only populated by kanaka maoli? Lol. They were all kama'āina, denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom. Did you think that Hawai'i had monolithic politics, with no internal conflict? The Hawaiian Kingdom was gradually torn apart by social, economic and political unrest. Hawai'i wanted to obtain protectorate status on many different occasions (with Great Britain, United States and Japan). They even made several requests for U.S. annexation. There is zero historical evidence that the United States actively used it's military to overthrow the monarchy. Zero. Zilch. Nada. Even Queen Lili'uokalani and the royalists testified to Commissioner Blount that the American soldiers showed no physical aggression. However, the Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles were a different story. They were very alarmed and pissed that THEIR Queen made an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. How was that stupid power play supposed to end? She instigated her own overthrow. Aloha 'Oe. Where do you see nuance? It's hard to play the sad victim card under those circumstances.
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  255.  Eagle  What's this video about? H-A-W-A-I-I. Try to keep up. How was the U.S. government acting 'evil' in Hawai'i? How did the U.S. actually 'steal' Hawai'i? This poorly researched video ignored/omitted so much inconvenient history to push lazy propaganda. And many viewers fell for it... because they blindly believe things without question... because the man in the video said it was 'true'... and he had sexy maps. Everyone should independently research, verify and confirm what they read, see and hear. Did you actually think this story was a slam dunk, open-and-shut case?
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  256.  @Thegreatscumbaggg  Looks like you got a hairball!🐱🤮...😂
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  257. There's many pros/cons to the Jones Act. https://www.hawaiibusiness.com/jones-act-pro-and-con/ Hawai'i benefits greatly from it's relationship with the United States: safety, security, stability, federal money, economics, politics, etc. The two biggest industries are Tourism ($16B) and Military ($16B). Did you think it was going to be cheap and easy to live on a tropical, island paradise?
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  258.  @Anonnonner9546  'Real' Hawaiian history? Did you think this video was Real-Hawaiian-History? Queen Lili'uokalani admitted in her own book, Hawaii's Story, written by her, that she tried to abrogate the existing constitution, prorogate the legislature, unilaterally create her own constitution, strengthen her autocratic powers and defend her revolution with military force. She instigated her own overthrow. Are you telling me that the Queen's👑 own book isn't Real Hawaiian History? Lol
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  259. The U.S. didn't conduct any ethnic cleansing or genocide in Hawai'i, not even borderline stuff. Where'd you guys hear that nonsense? Lol
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  260. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  261. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
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  262. The Native American experience isn't the same as Native Hawaiian. Sure, we both experienced devastating disease (and there are other similarities), but there are still major differences between the two. In Hawai'i, the kanaka, westerners and asians worked together to build a country in the Middle of the remote Pacific Ocean. Hawaiians were a country and a nationality consisting of many different ethnicities, nationalities and cultures. The North America dynamics between the First Peoples and European colonists were much more different and had much more conflict. Captain Cook discovered Hawai'i in 1878, much later than when Columbus discovered North America in 1492. Native Americans have 56 million acres of reservation land, which is a huge chunk of the United States.
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  263. Most people hated kapu and the feudal caste system. In 1819, King Kamehameha II banned kapu (good riddance) and abolished the ancient ancestral religion. This was done SIX MONTHS BEFORE the arrival of the first missionaries.
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  264.  @alapakeheanu4776  Real Hawaiian? Did kanaka build the Hawaiian Kingdom by themselves? Nope. The kanaka and haole built the Hawaiian Kingdom together - from start to finish. Kamehameha wouldn't have been able to CONQUER and 'unify' the islands without great help from westerners (weapons, supplies, training, tactics, counsel and combat support). Hawaiian Kings intentionally blended western systems (education, religious, economic, political and military) with native hawaiian traditions. In 1893, demographically, Hawai'i was roughly 1/3rd kanaka, 1/3rd westerner and 1/3rd asian. The Hawaiian Kingdom was multiethnic, multicultural and multinational. Real 'Hawaiians'??? Most 'Hawaiians' today are hapa, mixed with koko hawai'i, westerners and asians. There's only 4,000-8,000 pure 💯 kanaka maoli in Hawai'i. There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 ✔✔✔
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  265.  @ieatbananaswiththepeel  The joke wasn't historically accurate... or funny.😉
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  266.  @kanakaoiwi1609  True, the Hawaiian Kingdoms aligned itself with many different countries before Kamehameha unified all the islands (through war, conquest and intimidation). Unfortunately, the Hawaiian Kingdom was a weak country that consistently depended on the help of stronger, more powerful nations. The Kingdom couldn't defend itself against the French Crisis, Russian incursion into Kauai, Captain Lord Paulet's annexation for Britain, Kalākua election riots, Revolution of 1864, Revolution of 1887, and Revolution of 1893. It always required help from foreign powers. Early on, Hawai'i wanted to become a British protectorate. In 1851, during the French Crisis, King Kamehameha III secretly requested annexation by the United States, but (ironically) the U.S. declined. King Kalākaua wanted to make Hawai'i a Japanese protectorate, but the Emperor declined. In 1893, the Provisional Government requested annexation, but the U.S. declined again. In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation by the U.S. (a third time by Hawaii!!!), but this time it accepted. And this was five years after the overthrow. This hardly looks like American aggression. Hawai'i was a feeble country that always needed the protection of a Big Brother. The Hawaiian Kingdom did have friendly, but not perfect relations with Japan. The Hawaiian Kingdom condoned, managed and supported the penal contract labor system where many Japanese had to work in slave-like conditions on plantations. In 1881, Kalākaua proposed to the Japanese Emperor that they form a confederacy and make Hawai'i a Japanese protectorate. He also wanted to arrange a marriage between his niece, Princess Ka’iulani, and Japan’s Prince Yamashina. The Emperor declined because he didn't want to upset the United State. During the 1887 Revolution, King Kalākaua asked his international allies for assistance, but they refused and advised him to accept the demands and reforms of the Hawaiian League. They weren't very eager to help. During the 1893 Revolution, British Minister Wodehouse requested support from Great Britain, but they declined. Japan wasn't eager to aid Hawai'i. In 1893, Japanese intellectuals viewed native hawaiians as dojin, a derogatory term for 'land people'. The Japanese considered native hawaiians as mentally, physically and culturally inferior. They thought westerners were more advanced and were disgusted with how the hawaiians didn't fight to protect their country (during the revolution). By that time, Japan was entering its period of modernization, imperialism and colonialism. They felt that the Pacific Islanders needed to be guided by a more advanced people. Hawai'i was an invaluable, strategic location for economic, political and military power in the Pacific. King Kamehameha wanted Hawai'i to be a British Protectorate. The ka hae hawai'i has the British Union Jack and design patterns of the United States flag. He wanted to endear himself to Britain and the U.S. Clearly, the Hawaiian Kingdom had close ties and an affinity for western countries and lifestyles. The United States had exclusive naval rights to Pearl Harbor due to the Treaty of Reciprocity of 1887, six years before the Revolution of 1893. There were many American politicians and businessmen who opposed the annexation. There was already significant American sugar production from Louisiana, Texas and Cuba. Hawaiian sugar was seen as an undesirable competitor. Of course, after Hawai'i was annexed, it became a territory where it entered a phase of absorption and integration into the U.S. The Treaty of Reciprocity 1875 made BOTH the Hawaiian Kingdom and sugar/fruit industries a lot of money. In 1874, Hawai'i generated $1.8M in exports. By 1890, it was $13.3M (an increase of over 700%). Then it went downhill. The U.S. Tariff Act of 1890 caused an economic depression in Hawai'i. Hawai'i had strong ties to the United States. U.S. Minister Stevens bragged that Hawaiian ports had much more U.S. flags than any other nations. British Minister Wodehouse complained to Britain that the U.S. had far too much influence. The United States didn't pursue the annexation of Hawai'i, but it eventually happened in a natural way. The Revolution of 1893 was the final tipping point.
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  267.  @Bthefilmer  Not that hard. The U.S. didn't cause the Revolution of 1887. Of course Kalākaua capitulated under duress and threat of overthrow. They were angry with his governance and controversies. However, King Kalākaua wasn't physically forced to sign the 1887 Constitution. His political enemies threatened to overthrow him if he didn't make political concessions. His political opponents didn't storm Palace 'Iolani and force him to sign a new constitution. Kalākaua had a weak government. He couldn't defend against their intimidation tactics. Instead of directly dealing with his problem via political negotiation/compromise, police response or military action, he asked his international allies (United States, Great Britain, France, Japan, and Portugal) to help him, but they advised that he agree to the terms set by the Hawaiian League. He capitulated. No one physically put a gun to his head or bayonet to his throat. He conceded in order to save his throne. He didn't assert his authority and defend his government. Kalākaua was already a timid ruler and acted like a figurehead before the Revolution of 1887 even happened. Historically, there have been many civil/uncivil protests/riots/rebellions/revolutions that have changed politics, policy and government. The Right to Revolution goes all the way back to John Locke and even earlier. By its nature, every revolution is 'illegal' from the perspective of the side who lost. If the American colonists lost the Revolutionary War, then Great Britain would have punished, imprisoned and executed many of them - because what they did was also ILLEGAL. Kamehameha V was the first to overthrew the Hawaiian government in 1864 (also controversial during that time period). He prorogated the legislature, abrogated the 1852 Constitution, unilaterally created his own constitution and strengthened his autocratic powers (removed checks and balances, weakened power sharing and strengthened the king to be more like an absolute monarch), which was unconstitutional and illegal. Sound familiar? Queen Lili'uokalani tried to do the same thing. First, she tried to ammend the existing 1887 Constitution, but she repeatedly failed. Her supporters wanted her to do the same as Kamehameha V and just 'proclaim' a new constitution. She drafted the Constitution of 1893, but her Ministers wouldn't sign it because it was illegal and would cause civil unrest (i.e. riots and/or rebellion). Some of her ministers informed her political opponents about her scheme... and the rest is history. The Queen never submitted her Constitution for approval by the Legislature. She just wanted to proclaim the old one was dead and HER new one was the new law of the land, which was very illegal. It was a reckless power grab that cost her the throne. The Apology Resolution (Public Law 103-150) addressed the Revolution of 1893 and alleged U.S. involvement. It doesn't involve the Revolution of 1887 ('Bayonet Constitution'). Also, the Apology Resolution was an OPINION statement, based on the huge number of whereas clauses. It didn't have any legal and actionable effect. And it certainly did nothing to invalidate the Morgan Report. The Morgan Report was the last official conclusion on the matter, and it exonerated the U.S. military and its agents. To this day, nothing has overturned or superceded it.
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  268.  @alapakeheanu4776  The last island Kingdom of Kauai (who also owned Ni'ihau) surrendered to Kamehameha because of military intimidation and aggression. Kamehameha had tried TWICE to invade and conquer Kauai, but failed. King Kaumualii was afraid of a third invasion and agreed to form an alliance where Kaumualii would yield to Kamehameha and act as a vassal ruler.
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  269. James Dole didn't migrate to Hawai'i to start his fruit company until 1899, which was six years after the Revolution of 1893 and one year after the annexation of 1898. The Dole company didn't even exist when the monarchy was overthrown or Hawai'i became a Territory.
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  270. Have you ever heard of a 'good' King or Queen? Lol. Queen Lili'uokalani attempted to prorogate the legislature, abrogate the existing constitution, unilaterally create her OWN constitution, strengthen her autocratic power and use the military to defend her revolution... BUT her political opponents found out about her secret scheme, organized, mobilized and led a successful counter-revolution to overthrow her instead. The Queen tried to make a power grab, but it backfired badly for her.
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  271. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  272. Every civilization in North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia has conquered and taken land. That being said, the U.S. didn't steal Hawai'i. Most people don't study history. It's a lot of knee-jerk reactions.
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  273.  @kurtbrandso2087  Kamehameha V overthrew the government in 1864. He prorogated the legislature, abrogated the 1852 Constitution, unilaterally created his own constitution and strengthened his autocratic powers (removed checks and balances, weakened power sharing and strengthened the king to be more like an absolute monarch), which was unconstitutional and illegal. Sound familiar? Queen Lili'uokalani tried to do the same thing. First, she tried to ammend the existing 1887 Constitution, but she repeatedly failed. Her supporters wanted her to do the same as Kamehameha V and just 'proclaim' a new constitution. She drafted the Constitution of 1893, but her Ministers wouldn't sign it because it was illegal and would cause civil unrest (i.e. riots and/or rebellion). Some of her ministers informed her political opponents about her scheme... and the rest is history. The Queen never submitted her Constitution for approval by the Legislature. She just wanted to proclaim the old one was dead and HER new one was the new law of the land, which was very illegal. It was a reckless power grab that cost her the throne.   King Kalākaua wasn't physically forced to sign the 1887 Constitution. His political enemies threatened to overthrow him if he didn't make political concessions. His political opponents didn't storm Palace 'Iolani and force him to sign a new constitution. Kalākaua had a weak government. He couldn't defend against their intimidation tactics. Instead of directly dealing with his problem via political negotiation/compromise, police response or military action,  he asked his international allies (United States, Great Britain, France, Japan, and Portugal) to help him, but they advised that he agree to the terms set by the Hawaiian League. He capitulated. No one physically put a gun to his head or bayonet to his throat. He conceded in order to save his throne. He didn't assert his authority and defend his government. Kalākaua was already a timid ruler and acted like a figurehead before the Revolution of 1887 even happened. Historically, there have been many civil/uncivil protests/riots/rebellions/revolutions that have changed politics, policy and government. The Right to Revolution goes all the way back to John Locke and even earlier. By its nature, every revolution is 'illegal' from the perspective of the side who lost.
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  274.  @kurtbrandso2087  The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  275.  @kurtbrandso2087  Robett Wilcox led a counter-revolution (Revolution of 1895), but the royalists were defeated in several battles. The new government defended itself and cemented its control and power over the government and country. Queen Lili'uokalani and her royalists surrendered in 1893 and they were defeated in 1895. The rebels overthrew the monarchy, which is an act of 'conquering'.
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  276. Oh god, you just described all of humanity! Lol. Did you think your country didn't have colonization, porn, processed food, industrialization, destruction of nature, climate change, etc??? Feminism? Lol. Did you actually think treating women with respect and as equals is a bad thing? Lol. All men and women have strength and weaknesses. They should be given the same rights and opportunities to learn, grow and prosper. I guess your country still believes in sexism and oppression? Where do you live? In a fairytale universe? Ha ha
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  277.  @zoda5898  There is no significant difference. The Marquesians migrated to Hawai'i first. They were the FIRST aboriginal settlers. Then the Tahitians showed up and took control of the islands. Power shift. After that, the chiefdoms fought amongst themselves stealing the land back and forth until... Kamehameha steamrolled all the chiefdoms with western help (weapons, supplies, counsel, training, tactics and combat support). Until then, it was impossible to conquer and maintain control of all of the islands. It's called Hawai'i because the Big Island conquered all of the other islands to create the Kingdom of Hawai'i. Please spare me the "Who had it first" argument. It doesn't matter who had it first, but who has it now. Hawai'i is part of the United States. We're not ruled by the mo'i, ali'i, konohiki or queen. We live in a diverse society with people from all over the world. If every defeated people pissed and moaned about the land they lost, then this world would be stuck in endless struggle, conflict and warfare. Do you think the Marquesians, Tahitians, Chiefdoms, Mo'i, and Monarchy were happy when they lost? Do you think the islands liked being conquered by Kamehameha? Nope. The United States never fought any battles or wars with the Hawaiian Kingdom. Queen Lili'uokalani attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab, which led to the Revolution of 1893. The Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles (1,100 - 1,600 militiamen) took control of the country. They were all denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom. In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation and the U.S. granted it.
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  278. James Dole didn't migrate to Hawai'i to start his fruit company until 1899, six years after the overthrow and one year after annexation.
    2
  279. Most of us love the U.S. Do you think we want to be a third world country? Lol
    1
  280. Hawai'i wasn't colonized. Captain Cook visited Hawai'i in 1778. Westerners were interacting with kanaka maoli for 40 years before the missionaries arrived. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old, ancestral religion, commanded all the heiau to be destroyed, terminated the harsh kapu religious legal system and fought a small war to defend his policies. This all happened six months before the missionaries arrived to Hawai'i.
    1
  281. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  282. The Committee of Safety organized the coup and they were denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The Queen was overthrown by 1,100-1,600 Honolulu Rifles who were a local, hawaiian militia. Lol
    1
  283. The missionaries came in 1819, long before the Revolution of 1893. Captain Cook visited Hawai'i in 1778. Westerners were interacting with native hawaiians for 40 years before any missionaries arrived. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old, ancestral religion, commanded all heiau to be destroyed, terminated the harsh kapu religious legal system and fought a small war to defend his policies, which all happened six months before the arrival of missionaries. The missionaries didn't overthrow Queen Lili'uokalani. She attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab and was, consequently, overthrown by counter-revolution led by the Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles (1,100-1,600 local militiamen), who were denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom.
    1
  284.  @Bon3zB3ats  No source needed, it's common knowledge that you can easily find with a Google search (if you're interested).
    1
  285. And the losers also try to re-write it.
    1
  286. Politically, the Apology Resolution was intended to help pave the way for federal tribal recognition of the Native Hawaiian people, just like the Native Americans. Legally, it had no effect on any settlement against the United States and didn't alter or modify the purity of land title own by the State of Hawaii. The Apology Bill doesn't support the hawaiian independence activists desire for secession and sovereignty. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the resolution was written with conciliatory and precatory language, not legal language that confers rights or acts as legislation. The Apology Resolution was an opinion statement, not a legal one. If they want federal recognition of the kanaka (similar to the Akaka Bill), then the Apology Bill is an olive branch that can be used to start that process. The Apology Bill doesn't legally support the hawaiian independence movement. The U.S. President, Congress and Military never enacted (or admitted) a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Government. The Apology Bill apoligized for the alleged role that some U.S. citzens and expatriates played in the hawaiian revolution that overthrew the monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by a bloodless and peaceful coup of wealthy and powerful haole, who were naturalized citizens and royal subjects, of the Hawaiian Kingdom.The Morgan Report was 1,176 pages of public interviews on all sides, with cross-examination and under oath (which the Blount Report did not do). The Apology Resolution is just a 5 page opinion statement full of 'whereas' clauses. It doesn't even remotely come close to refuting the Morgan Report, which is still the last word and final government report on the matter.
    1
  287. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet or Taiwan. Lol
    1
  288.  @nikkoallen6637  So many lies!😂 Let's go through them. 1. All of the observatories are maintained and functional, except for the CSO and Hoku Kea, which were voluntarily shutdown as part of negotiations for TMT. After 50 years of operation, the maunakea observatories have not 'messed up' the water table. There were no major environmental incidents on the mauna. The NASA Outrigger Environmental Impact Statement concluded that maunakea has had negligible impact on maunakea hydrology (streams, aquifer, water tables and drinking supply). 2. The TMT is a multinational project between six major countries (United States, Canada, Brazil, Japan, China and India), national science foundations and academic institutions. The astronomy sector has a large economic impact on the State of Hawai'i, especially Hawai'i County. 3. The construction of TMT doesn't obstruct any cultural, religious, traditional or recreational practice on the mauna.  Hunting and gathering would not be blocked. 4. The TMT is a super-telescope 144x and 28x more powerful than the Hubble and James Webb space telescopes, respectively. The TMT conservation district use permit legally requires that FIVE scopes be removed in exchange for ONE new one. 5 for 1, that's an awesome compromise!
    1
  289. Brah, Americans don't have to apologize for a Hawaiian Revolution in 1893 where denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom overthrew their Queen who tried to prorogate the legislature, abrogate the existing constitution, unilaterally create her OWN constitution and defend her revolution with military force, which was highly illegal and unconstitutional. Queen Lili'uokalani attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab and her plan backfired badly on her.
    1
  290. Unfortunately, you're unable to defend your opinion, but you want to debate with any professor about the sovereignty issue. Hands down, I can take you in a debate. Wan try, brah?
    1
  291. There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 ✔✔✔
    1
  292. The United States didn't 'colonize' Hawai'i. The Organic Act of 1900 gave all citizens constitutional rights and allowed them to form a self-government. That's not a colony.
    1
  293. The U.S. didn't overthrow the Hawaiian Kingdom's monarchy. Lol
    1
  294. President Dole of the Republic of Hawai'i didn't start the Dole company. That was his cousin James Dole who migrated to Hawai'i in 1899, one year after Hawai'i was annexed and became a U.S. territory and eight years after the revolution that overthrew the monarchy.
    1
  295.  @Cataquack823  What cultural 'genocide'? Please don't misuse the word 'genocide'. There was no genocide in Hawai'i.
    1
  296. The Kingdom is Dead, brah.
    1
  297. But his research skills aren't. There was a lot of historical inaccuracies, half truths and propaganda in this video.
    1
  298. And who isn't free in Hawai'i?
    1
  299. James Dole didn't migrate to Hawai'i to start his fruit company until 1899, which was one year after annexation of 1898 and six years after the annexation of 1893.
    1
  300.  @midimusicforever  The same thing applies to a revolution that challenges your government. You don't just surrender control of the country ;)
    1
  301. Hawai'i is free :)
    1
  302. Queen Lili'uokalani instigated her own overthrow when she tried to prorogate the legislature, abdicate the existing constitution, unilaterally create her own constitution, strengthen her autocratic powers and defend her revolution with military force (all highly unconstitutional and illegal). Her political opponents found out, led a successful counter-revolution and overthrew her. She was later arrested, tried for treason, imprisoned under house arrest in 'Iolani Palace (luxury suite), forced to abdicate the throne and retired with a nice pension on her personal estate. Aloha 'Oe.
    1
  303. Hawai'i wasn't colonized. Did Kamehameha conquer and unify the islands on his own? No, he needed great help from westerners (British and Americans). Did the United States or Great Britain declare or claim Hawai'i as a colony? No. Did kanaka, westerners and asians build the country together? Yes, every step of the way. Were the westerners and asians denizens, citizens and royal subjects of Hawai'i? Yes. Did the westerners and asians live, work, pay taxes and support the Hawaiian Kingdom? Yes, the haole had a long history with Hawai'i from 1778 through 1893. Was the Hawaiian Kingdom a multiethnic, multicultural and multinational society? Yes. Did the Hawaiian Kingdom requested protectorate status or annexation from other countries? Yes. King Kamehameha wanted to make Hawai'i a British protectorate. King Kamehameha III requested annexation by the United States. King Kalākaua wanted to become a Japanese protectorate. Did the United States 'steal' Hawai'i? No, the U.S. declined an annexation request in 1851 and 1893. The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation in 1898 (five years after the monarchy's overthrow) and the U.S. accepted. If the U.S. were greedy, landgrabbing colonialists, then why didn't they grab Hawai'i sooner? They weren't. Did the United States overthrow the Monarchy? No, the Morgan Report exonerated the U.S. soldiers and agents of any involvement in the Revolution of 1893. I suggest you look at the Committee of Safety and the Honolulu Rifles. There were 1,100 - 1,600 angry hawaiians who overthrew Queen Lili'uokalani after she attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. Some Hawaiians wanted to maintain the monarchy, some wanted a republic and some wanted annexation. Was Hawai'i an American colony? No, it was a country that got annexed by the U.S. after the Revolution of 1893 led to the creation of a provisional government and later the Republic of Hawaii. The rebels had control of the government and requested annexation. Did some colonists object to secession from the British Empire? Yes. Did some Texans object to annexation? Yes. Did some Californians object annexation? Yes. Did some kanaka object to Kamehameha's conquest of Hawai'i? Yes. Does it matter? No, the government decides what happens with the territory. There's no requirement for public referendum or plebiscite. Did 93% of Hawaiian voters choose statehood? Yes. Did the hawaiians receive all the same rights as Americans? Yes. The Organic Act of 1900 gave Hawaiians U.S. citizenship and the Statehood Act of 1959 gave them representation in Congress and the right to vote in federal elections. See, Hawai'i wasn't a colony.
    1
  304. Human beings, of all races, ethnicities, etc, have done wrong. Even Native Hawaiians have fought, warred, conquered, stole, enslaved and raped. That being said, the U.S. didn't conquer, steal or colonize Hawai'i.
    1
  305. Go ahead, please explain how 'evil' the U.S. was in Hawai'i. Do you even know Hawaiian history?
    1
  306. When Kamehameha conquered all the islands with a 20 year war campaign, 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes, was that 'brown' entitlement?
    1
  307. Sooooo many people who don't know hawaiian history. Lol
    1
  308. The U.S. didn't steal Hawai'i. Do you even know Hawaiian history?
    1
  309. Half-assed summary ;) The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  310.  @alapakeheanu4776  Japan and England weren't ready and willing to go to war against the United States over Hawai'i. In 1881, Kalākaua proposed to the Japanese Emperor that they form a confederacy and make Hawai'i a Japanese protectorate. He also wanted to arrange a marriage between his niece, Princess Ka’iulani, and Japan’s Prince Yamashina. The Emperor declined because he didn't want to upset the United State. Japan would never have gone to war against the U.S. in 1893. If Japan did propose war, then this would've made huge internatioal news and bolstered the argument (and fear) that Japan wanted to acquire Hawai'i. During the 1887 Revolution, King Kalākaua asked his international allies for assistance, but they refused and advised him to accept the demands and reforms of the Hawaiian League. They weren't very eager to help. During the 1893 Revolution, British Minister Wodehouse requested support from Great Britain, but they declined. Great Britain and Japan weren't eager to fight the U.S. over Hawai'i. You're sadly mistaken or confused. Great Britain and Japan were willing to JOIN the United States, who had threatened military action against the Provisional Government to resinstate the deposed Queen. If the U.S. actually invaded and overthrew the monarchy, then it would be very easy to reinstate Lili'uokalani. But it wasn't. Queen Lili'uokalani was overthrown by a good ol' fashioned homegrown coup who were also citizens, denizens and royal subjects of Hawai'i. They were kama'āina and also a few kanaka. They basically told the U.S. to pound sand. President Cleveland sent two American warships to Hawai'i. The warships aimed their guns at the capital and visibly prepared for an amphibious assault and invasion. Great Britain and Japan wanted to join and help the United States with the invasion. They wanted to intimidate the Provisional Government, but it didn't work. Eight days later, American Minister Wodehouse admitted to President Dole that the invasion threat was just a heavy handed negotiation tactic. In 1893, Japanese intellectuals viewed native hawaiians as dojin, a derogatory term for 'land people'. The Japanese considered native hawaiians as mentally, physically and culturally inferior. By that time, Japan was entering its period of modernization, imperialism and colonialism. They felt that the Pacific Islanders needed to be guided by a more advanced people. Hawai'i was an invaluable, strategic location for economic, political and military power in the Pacific.
    1
  311. Hawai'i wasn't a U.S. colony. Lol
    1
  312. Lisa, how was the United States 'brutal' in Hawai'i? Do you even know Hawaiian history? Hegemony? You definitely don't know much about Hawaii's past or present. Hawai'i has been a multiethnic, multinational and multicultural for a loooooong time.
    1
  313. There was no 'cultural' genocide. And please don't misuse the word 'genocide'. There was no genocide in Hawai'i.😒
    1
  314. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch. King Kalākaua tried to arrange a marriage with the Emperor of Japan between a Hawaiian Princess and a Japanese Prince and he wanted to make Hawai'i a Japanese protectorate... BUT the Emperor politely declined because the Prince was already promised to marry someone else AND he didn't want to upset/amtagonize the United States.
    1
  315. Some kanaka are salty like the Pacific Ocean. They ignore all of the injustices committed by the mo'i, ali'i and konohiki, but they want to cry bloody murder at how the greedy queen and her royalists were defeated by 'haole' (who were denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom). The Great Mahele of 1848 was the biggest land policy failure of Hawaiian Kingdom history. The king, ali'i and konohiki screwed over the maka'ainana and took all the land for themselves. Only less than 1% of the maka'ainana got land, which was about 30,000 acres. The powerful kanaka monarchy and nobility class got 4 million acres. 1 million for the King, 1.5 million for the government and 1.5 million for the nobility. Even worse, the kanaka elitists mismanaged their finances and sold off a great deal of land to foreigners to repay debts. The allodial land rights were designed to protect powerful kanaka while the actual land policies screwed over the common folk, the real hawaiians, the ones who actually managed and cultivated the land for generations. There are many protesters who complain about their "allodial" rights because they're hungry for a huge windfall based on genealogical claim... because their ancestors exploited their own people for great personal gain. The feudal lords of chiefdom days became the royal nobility of the Hawaiian Kingdom. And the exploitation didn't stop. The Great Mahele was a Great Crime of kanaka-on-kanaka fraud. The āina is life, mana, wealth, prosperity and happiness. The kanaka royalty and nobility classes stole all the land and screwed over the commoners, who had tended the ahupua'a for generations. They put native hawaiians behind the eight ball.
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  316. Westerners (Americans and British) were trading with Native Hawaiins for thirty years before any missionaries arrived. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old, ancestral religion, terminated the harsh kapu religious legal system and commanded all heiau to be destroyed. This happened six months before the arrival of missionaries.
    1
  317.  @michaelvalmo  The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  318. The U.S. didn't steal Hawai'i. Lol
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  319.  @guzman-do  The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  320.  @guzman-do  The kanaka and haole built the Hawaiian Kingdom together - from start to finish. Kamehameha wouldn't have been able to CONQUER and 'unify' the islands without great help from westerners (weapons, supplies, training, tactics, counsel and combat support). Hawaiian Kings intentionally blended western systems (education, religious, economic, political and military) with native hawaiian traditions. In 1893, demographically, Hawai'i was roughly 1/3rd kanaka, 1/3rd westerner and 1/3rd asian. The Hawaiian Kingdom was multiethnic, multicultural and multinational.
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  321.  @guzman-do  Try again, chief.😄 Kamehameha V overthrew the government in 1864. He prorogated the legislature, abrogated the 1852 Constitution, unilaterally created his own constitution and strengthened his autocratic powers (removed checks and balances, weakened power sharing and strengthened the king to be more like an absolute monarch), which was unconstitutional and illegal. Sound familiar? Queen Lili'uokalani tried to do the same thing. First, she tried to ammend the existing 1887 Constitution, but she repeatedly failed. Her supporters wanted her to do the same as Kamehameha V and just 'proclaim' a new constitution. She drafted the Constitution of 1893, but her Ministers wouldn't sign it because it was illegal and would cause civil unrest (i.e. riots and/or rebellion). Some of her ministers informed her political opponents about her scheme... and the rest is history. The Queen never submitted her Constitution for approval by the Legislature. She just wanted to proclaim the old one was dead and HER new one was the new law of the land, which was very illegal. It was a reckless power grab that cost her the throne.   King Kalākaua wasn't physically forced to sign the 1887 Constitution. His political enemies threatened to overthrow him if he didn't make political concessions. His political opponents didn't storm Palace 'Iolani and force him to sign a new constitution. Kalākaua had a weak government. He couldn't defend against their intimidation tactics. Instead of directly dealing with his problem via political negotiation/compromise, police response or military action,  he asked his international allies (United States, Great Britain, France, Japan, and Portugal) to help him, but they advised that he agree to the terms set by the Hawaiian League. He capitulated. No one physically put a gun to his head or bayonet to his throat. He conceded in order to save his throne. He didn't assert his authority and defend his government. Kalākaua was already a timid ruler and acted like a figurehead before the Revolution of 1887 even happened. Historically, there have been many civil/uncivil protests/riots/rebellions/revolutions that have changed politics, policy and government. The Right to Revolution goes all the way back to John Locke and even earlier. By its nature, every revolution is 'illegal' from the perspective of the side who lost. President Cleveland asked Congress to investigate alleged American involvement in the hawaiian revolution. The Senate Committee on Foreign Relations released the Morgan Report, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing. That was the final nail in the coffin. Cleveland withdrew his support for the reinstatement of the deposed queen. Lili'uokalani's Power Grab The Queen's draft of the 1893 Constitution had the following: - Members of the privy council, notary public, and agents would be able to run for the legislature. This was political double-dipping. For example, the Privy Council consisted of the King's cabinet ministers, who were politically aligned with the King. Queen Lili'uokalani wanted to allow her cabinet ministers to also be able to serve in the Legislature, which increases her political power. Also, it's fundamentally wrong to allow one person to serve in both the executive and legislative branches. - The Queen would be given the power to call meetings of the legislature. Queen Lili'uokalani tried to increase power for the sovereign (herself). - The Queen’s private lands and other property were made inviolable. The Kamehameha dynasty ended with Kamehameha V. Kalākaua and Lili'uokalani were no longer sovereigns with inviolable land and property. - The Queen would sign all bills before they became law. The 1887 constitution allowed the Legislature to repass bills with a two-thirds majority and overcome a sovereign's vetoe. Kalākua's reign was considered corrupt. The Legislative branch was given stronger, conditional approval authority. - Nobles would be appointed by the Queen instead of elected. Obviously, this gives more power to the sovereign because Lili'uokalani can appoint noblemen (instead of a more democratic election). The people would concede more power to the sovereign. - American and European residents, granted suffrage in 1887, would lose the right to vote. Voting rights would be taken away from a large demographic group. By 1893, the demographics of Hawai'i were roughly 1/3rd kanaka, 1/3rd westerners and 1/3rd asian. - The Queen would be able to appoint governors of each island for four years. More power for the sovereign. - Article 78 of the 1887 Constitution which required the monarch to perform "with the advice and consent of the Cabinet" was left out. This removed legislative checks-and-balances over the executive branch. If the Queen was proposing minor reforms, then her Constitution of 1893 wouldn't raise any eyebrows. But it wasn't minor. She was upset about the 1887 Constitution just like the westerners were upset about the 1864 Constitution. Queen Lili'uokalani was attempting a major power grab. And, no, the Legislature wasn't ready to pass the new constitution. The Revolution of 1887 had caused a significant power shift. Queen Lili'uokalani kept her plan secret, within her inner circle. She planned on proclaiming (surprise!!!🎉) a new constitution... and she ordered the military to put down any rebellion (that's a power play... and a bit tyrannical). That's a premidated crime. Unfortunately, someone leaked her plan. And the rest is history. Lili'uokalani instigated her own overthrow. Her plan was illegal. Sure, many kanaka would've approved of her power grab and many westerners opposed it. Nevertheless, she overstepped her constitutional powers and suffered the consequences. She's a victim of her own arrogance. Haole means 'foreigner'. Go ahead, try and claim differently. You don't know mo'olelo hawai'i.😁👌
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  322.  @guzman-do  Let me make it easier for you to understand... Did Kamehameha conquer and unify the islands on his own? No, he needed great help from westerners (British and Americans). Did the United States or Great Britain declare or claim Hawai'i as a colony? No. Did kanaka, westerners and asians build the country together? Yes, every step of the way. Were the westerners and asians denizens, citizens and royal subjects of Hawai'i? Yes. Did the westerners and asians live, work, pay taxes and support the Hawaiian Kingdom? Yes, the haole had a long history with Hawai'i from 1777 through 1893. Was the Hawaiian Kingdom a multiethnic, multicultural and multinational society? Yes. Did the Hawaiian Kingdom requested protectorate status or annexation from other countries? Yes. King Kamehameha wanted to make Hawai'i a British protectorate. King Kamehameha III requested annexation by the United States. King Kalākaua wanted to become a Japanese protectorate. Did the United States 'steal' Hawai'i? No, the U.S. declined an annexation request in 1851 and 1893. The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation in 1898 (five years after the monarchy's overthrow) and the U.S. accepted. If the U.S. were greedy, landgrabbing colonialists, then why didn't they grab Hawai'i sooner? They weren't. Did the United States overthrow the Monarchy? No, the Morgan Report exonerated the U.S. soldiers and agents of any involvement in the Revolution of 1893. I suggest you look at the Committee of Safety and the Honolulu Rifles. There were 1,100 - 1,600 angry hawaiians who overthrew Queen Lili'uokalani after she attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. Some Hawaiians wanted to maintain the monarchy, some wanted a republic and some wanted annexation. Was Hawai'i an American colony? No, it was a country that got annexed by the U.S. after the Revolution of 1893 led to the creation of a provisional government and later the Republic of Hawaii. The rebels had control of the government and requested annexation. Did some colonists object to secession from the British Empire? Yes. Did some Texans object to annexation? Yes. Did some Californians object annexation? Yes. Did some kanaka object to Kamehameha's conquest of Hawai'i? Yes. Does it matter? No, the government decides what happens with the territory. There's no requirement for public referendum or plebiscite. Did 93% of Hawaiian voters choose statehood? Yes. See, it's not a colony ;)
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  323.  @guzman-do  Ho brah, how do you think you can clapback when you have zero counterargument?😂 Book? You should crack one open and, while you're at it, read some historical primary documents, too. But don hurt yourself, my guy. I don wan you flex dat brain too hard, you might pulla muscle. Ya know, da small kine. No worry, beef curry. Uncle Sunny gonna help you out real good like. I got you, son! Kamehameha wasn't able to CONQUER and 'unify' Hawai'i without the help of Young and Davis, who were instrumental to his victory. He rewarded them with ali'i status, governorships, great wealth, had some marry into his royal family and he even had them act as mo'i when he left Big Island. Queen Emma is Young's granddaughter. The kanaka and haole are ohana. Everything's cherry. Rojah? Well, look at that. Shhhhh.... Little guy's all tuckered out. Good night, my little Anela.
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  324. The missionaries arrived forty years after Captain Cook discovered Hawai'i. They arrived six months after, in 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old ancestral religion, terminated the harsh kapu religious legal system and commanded all heiau to be destroyed. The missionaries didn't start the sugar plantations. All of the missions had completed well before the Revolution of 1893. Even his jokes are poorly researched and historically inaccurate (lies). Lol
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  325.  @ProfessorEGadd  Hawai'i is strategically located in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, which makes it invaluable for economic, political and military power. It lacks the minerals and resources to sustain an advanced, modern society (such as mineral ore and fossil fuels). It's remote location makes imports and exports very expensive, due to shipping cost and transit time. 90% of Hawaii's energy is imported. Agriculture is dead because it can't compete with mainland America or Asia. Economically, the two largest industries are Tourism ($16B) and Military ($16B). A free and independent Hawai'i has very little economic and military power. The Hawaiian Kingdom often depended on the help of stronger, more powerful nations. The Kingdom couldn't defend itself against the French Crisis, Russian incursion into Kauai, Captain Lord Paulet's annexation for Britain, Kalākua election riots, Revolution of 1864, Revolution of 1887, and Revolution of 1893. It always required help from foreign powers. Early on, Hawai'i wanted to become a British protectorate. In 1851, during the French Crisis, King Kamehameha III secretly requested annexation by the United States, but (ironically) the U.S. declined. King Kalākaua wanted to make Hawai'i a Japanese protectorate, but the Emperor declined. In 1893, the Provisional Government requested annexation, but the U.S. declined again. In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation by the U.S. (a third time by Hawaii!!!), but this time it accepted. And this was five years after the overthrow. This hardly looks like American aggression. Hawai'i needs the protection of a Big Brother.
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  326. How the Tahitians stole Hawai'i How Kamehameha stole Hawai'i How Great Britain stole Hawai'i How the Committee of Safety stole Hawai'i. Ironically, the U.S. never stole Hawai'i.
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  327.  @pakelika100  So Pat, you're also unable to state the specific United States or International Law of 1898 that requires that a treaty (and only a treaty) be used for annexation of foreign land. Oh boy, you activists are caught in hard rub. You can't take today's laws and use them to adjudicate historical events that happened before those laws even existed. Time machine, maybe? The law doesn't work that way. If it did, then do you know how many countries would be in trouble??? Every one of them - even the Hawaiian Kingdom. Kamehameha committed many human rights violations when he stole all the land for his Kingdom (cough, empire, cough!). He was a warlord and imperialist that committed many war crimes, atrocities and human rights violations. Prior to modern international law, customary international law was based on natural law, was non-binding, lacked jurisdiction and was almost impossible to enforce between states. It was a loose patchwork of customs, norms and legal ideas that was informal. Customary international laws weren't coalesced, formalized, codified and, most importantly, accepted until the early 20th century, AFTER the annexation. The applicable, formal, established multi-lateral laws of the Hague, Geneva Convention, International Court, etc didn't exist back in 1898. Customary international law had no teeth back then. Chew on that!😄 The United States has acquired foreign territory through many different ways. The Republic of Texas requested annexation by the United States and the U.S. accepted it with a joint resolution in 1845. This set a legal precedent, which allowed the U.S. to annex foreign land with joint resolution. The Republic of Hawai'i REQUESTED annexation by the United States and the U.S. ACCEPTED the offer in 1898, which memorialized the bilateral, mutual agreement. The Newlands Resolution was ratified by BOTH the Senate and the House of Representatives with a TWO THIRDS MAJORITY, which exceeds the approval criteria of a Treaty. Both Houses! Two Thirds Majority! You get the point. Both parties (the Republic of Hawaii and the U.S.) agreed to, adhered to and acted in accordance with the terms of the agreement. The Republic of Hawaii didn't resist or oppose annexation. In fact, they initiated the annexation process. They sent out the invitation. Unfortunately, the (former) royalists were not happy (obviously). But it's not abnormal to have dissenters (sour grapes). When Texas was annexed, there were also some citizens who objected. And that's normal. However, only the government's voice matters. The Republic of Hawaii CHOSE annexation (just like the Republic of Texas). Not only did the Republic of Hawaii propose annexation, its Legislature unanimously APPROVED it. That is CONSENT.👫💝 Again, I will ask you to specify the U.S. or International Law of 1898 that prescribes that a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for the annexation of foreign land. No can? Oppenheim published his International Law Volumes I and II in 1905 and 1906, respectively (which is also well after the 1898 overthrow and also just academic books). Was the United States a member party to any international organizations or agreements that required it, by law, to use a treaty (and only a treaty) for annexation of foreign land? No. The Hawaiian independence activists want to use laws and agreements that were created AFTER the annexation of 1898 to somehow de-legitimize the annexation... with laws and agreements that didn't even exist during that time period. Again, do you have a time machine? The U.S. Constitution doesn't define how to annex foreign land, which is still true, even today. The Constitution is silent on the issue. Article VI doesn't state that a Treaty must be used for annexation of foreign land (but nice try😉). President Thomas Jefferson, Architect of the Constitution (and strict constitutionalist), ran into this same exact problem when he tried to aquire the Lousiana Territory. He quickly observed that the Constitution didn't define the process or enumerate the powers to annex foreign land. He argued that the Constitution has no provisions to take on foreign territores: "The General Government has no powers but such as the Constitution gives it… it has not given it power of holding foreign territory, and still less of incorporating it into the Union. An amendment of the Constitution seems necessary for this.” He drafted an Amendment to the Constitution to define the processs and powers. However, the Senate disregarded his draft, blocked him, preferred to loosely interpret the constitution, and thought a treaty was 'good enough'. Since the constitution was never ammended, the same loose interpretation allows a treaty, joint resolution or any other agreement mechanism to be used to annex foreign land. The Newlands Resolution was a satisfactory mechanism to memorialize the mutual, bilateral agreement to cede the Hawaiian territory to the United States. Now, the activists continue to stamp and shout, "Show me the Treaty!😠", but, when you ask them to "Show me the Law that Requires Me to Show You a Treaty😏", they got bumpkiss and whimper off. Lol. A treaty isn't the only mechanism for establishing international agreements. The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 Furthermore, in the modern era, Presidential executive orders have also served the same function as a treaty. Acts, Joint Resolutions and Executive orders can take the place of treaties. But... But... But I thought treaties are the ONLY way to establish international agreements! Nope. The Department of Justice issued a memorandum opinion in 1988. Opinions change over time, administration-to-administration. But opinions aren't fact or law. When the Hawaiian Annexation question was being debated, many people looked at its constitutionality. Congress decided that a joint resolution was perfectly adequate to memorialize an annexation agreement. That's how the debate ended. That's a Fact.😉
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  328.  @pakelika100  Pat, the U.S. ended World War I with the Knox-Porter joint resolution. That's not very 'municipal'. Lol. Texas was annexed via joint resolution H.J. Res. 46 and it's forty-one (41) times bigger than the Aloha State. That set the legal precedent for annexation of foreign territory via joint resolution. My condolences. Hawai'i was annexed with the Newlands Resolution, which was ratified by both the Senate and House of Representatives with a two thirds majority. A treaty requires only two thirds majority from just the Senate. In 1898, the U.S. wasn't bound by any international law, agreement or member organization that required a treaty (and only a treaty). Thems the breaks. What U.S. law of 1898 states that a joint resolution cannot be used for the annexation of foreign land? There is none. There's more than one way to skin a cat.😉 Strawman? That's Dr. David Keanu Sai's 'aumakua and genealogical line of ressoning. His fallacies run deep. All he can do is gaze at an upside down flag and make upside down arguments about a long dead Kingdom. Lol I'll say it again (so the back row can hear). You can't apply today's laws to historical events that occurred before the laws were even created. Dr. David Keanu Lie almost exclusively applies today's international laws, frameworks and institutions (such as the Hague and Geneva Conventions) to a historical period where the applicable laws and systems didn't even exist. That braddah needs to trade in his Yota for the Doc's DeLorean, cuz he needs to either go Back to the Future or Back to the Drawing Board. Armed conflict? Military occupation? You running a fever? Can you name a battle or war between the U.S. and Hawaiian Kingdom? Nope. What was the combat death toll? Zero, because there was no combat. How many U.S. soldiers landed during the Revolution of 1893? 162 marines and sailors (SAILORS!). Did they fight? No. Did they actively participate in the revolution? No. Did they return back to the U.S.S. Boston?  Yes.     Wow! Your 'American military occupation' argument is totally unsupported. It sounds more like political histrionics. No doubt, the British Empire viewed the American Rebels (such as George Washington) as secessionists, terrorists and traitors. Queen Lili'uokalani felt the same about the Hawaiian Rebels who overthrew her monarchy. The losers always paint themselves as 'victims'.  Do you know what's silly (and irresponsible)? Queen Lili'uokalani tried to prorogue the legislature, abrogate the constitution, unilaterally create her own constitution, strengthen her autocratic powers and use the military to defend her revolution. Nobody forced the Queen to Act Stupid. She gave her political enemies ample rope to hang her with... and they hung her out to dry. That's on her crownless head.
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  329.  @pakelika100  Pat, did you just say that Dr. David Keanu Sai doesn't self-promote himself? My friend, he self-declared himself as the "Regent Pro Tempore of the Hawaiian Kingdom". His Excellency, Shmexcellency!👑 That's a huge self-PROMOTION... and a megalomaniacal ego! Dave's a King in his own Mind. His royal crest is Bullshido.💩 Some noses work better than others, I guess.
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  330. Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign, conquered all the island chiefdoms and STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. Legit. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. How exactly did the United States 'steal' Hawai'i???
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  331. Why did President Clinton issue an 'apology'? Politically, the Apology Resolution was intended to help pave the way for federal tribal recognition of the Native Hawaiian people, just like the Native Americans. Legally, it had no effect on any settlement against the United States and didn't alter or modify the purity of land title own by the State of Hawaii. The Apology Bill doesn't support the hawaiian independence activists desire for secession and sovereignty. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the resolution was written with conciliatory and precatory language, not legal language that confers rights or acts as legislation. The Apology Resolution was an opinion statement, not a legal one. If they want federal recognition of the kanaka (similar to the Akaka Bill), then the Apology Bill is an olive branch that can be used to start that process. The Apology Bill doesn't legally support the hawaiian independence movement. The U.S. President, Congress and Military never enacted (or admitted) a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Government. The Apology Bill apoligized for the alleged role that some U.S. citzens and expatriates played in the hawaiian revolution that overthrew the monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by a bloodless and peaceful coup of wealthy and powerful haole, who were naturalized citizens and royal subjects, of the Hawaiian Kingdom.The Morgan Report was 1,176 pages of public interviews on all sides, with cross-examination and under oath (which the Blount Report did not do). The Apology Resolution is just a 5 page opinion statement full of 'whereas' clauses. It doesn't even remotely come close to refuting the Morgan Report, which is still the last word and final government report on the matter. President Harrison, Cleveland, McKinley, ..., Clinton, etc all had different opinions on the annexation of Hawai'i. What matters the most is what actually happened? The people who cry foul play and claim that the Big Bad U.S. 'stole' Hawai'i are grossly distorting the truth to fit their own political narrative and agenda. There's plenty of primary sources from that historical period that prove otherwise. Things were far more complicated than they want to admit. Queen Lili'uokalani played a HUGE role in instigating her overthrow by her own countrymen.
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  332. The U.S. didn't 'steal' Hawai'i.
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  333. The U.S. didn't care about Hawaiian sugar. There were many politicians and businessmen opposing annexation because the U.S. had significant sugar production in Louisiana, Texas and Cuba. They didn't want extra competition.
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  334.  @saikauwe3601  Apparently, you don't know much about mo'olelo hawai'i. This vid has a lot of historical inaccuracies, half-truths and propaganda.
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  335.  @saikauwe3601  You don't read any history. Period. Lol. Queen Lili'uokalani tried to abrogate the existing constitution, prorogate the legislature, unilaterally create her OWN constitution, strengthen her autocratic powers, and use military force to defend her revolution (which was highly illegal and unconstitutional). She even admitted to this in her written, formal testimony to Commissioner Blount and in her OWN BOOK, Hawaii's Story. Appendix B even contains a copy of her testimony. She made an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. There is zero documented evidence that the U.S.S. Boston aimed it's guns in a threatening way towards any Hawaiian targets. Read some ReAl hIsTOrY. Lol
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  336.  @saikauwe3601  Queen Lili'uokalani admitted in her OWN BOOK, Hawaii's Story, that she tried to overthrow the government, proclaim her OWN new constitution and defend her revolution with military force: Queen Lili'uokalani: I told them it was my intention to promulgate a new constitution. At 12pm, I prorogued the legislature. Early in January I mentioned to Captain Nowlein of the household guards, and Mr. Wilson the marshall, my intentions to promulgate a new constitution, and to prepare themselves to quell any riot or outbreak from the opposition. They assured me they would be ready; and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy... Are you calling the Queen a liar??? Lol
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  337. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  338. Asians are the huge majority in Hawai'i. Kanaka maoli and caucasians are a small minority.
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  339. No, most Hawaiians like being part of the United States because it provides social, economic, political and military security. Only a tiny, vocal minority want independence.
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  340. King Kamehameha was a warlord and imperialist who fought a twenty year war campaign to conquer Hawai'i. The United States didn't fight any wars or battles with the Hawaiian Kingdom. They didn't overthrow the monarchy or steal Hawai'i.
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  341. Except Queen Lili'uokalani was overthrown by a local Hawaiian militia of 1,100 - 1,600 militiamen who were angry that she attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab AND the American soldiers didn't actively participate in the Revolution of 1893. I mean... people can actually study history and not rely on a cheesy youtube vid for their education. Lol
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  342. No we didn't steal Hawai'i. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  343. Too bad, most of it wasn't true. This video was full of historical inaccuracies, half truths and propaganda. It wasn't an objective review of Hawaiian history.
    1
  344. No can, this video was full of historical inaccuracies, half-truths and propaganda. Mo'olelo hawai'i isn't simple, black-and-white, cut-and-dry. It's far more complex than this.
    1
  345. Hawai'i is nothing like Taiwan, Tibet or Hong Kong. Lol
    1
  346.  @hylimm  The difference is that China performed a military invasion, fought a small war and conquered Tibet; China wants to conquer Taiwan through either peaceful or military means; and China has committed many human rights violations in Hong Kong. The U.S. didn't fight any wars or battles against the Hawaiian Kingdom.
    1
  347. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  348. The United States helped the Kingdom of Hawaii during the French Crisis, Captain Lord Paulet Annexation for Great Britain Crisis, Kalākaua Election Riot and so on. The British and Americans helped create the Hawaiian Kingdom, from start to finish. Lol
    1
  349. No, it wasn't entirely peaceful. Robert Wilcox led a counter-revolution to reinstate deposed queen Lili'uokalani in 1895, but (after several battles) the royalists were defeated.
    1
  350.  @midimusicforever  The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  351.  @midimusicforever  The kanaka, westerners and asians were all denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom. They were all kama'āina who lived, had families, worked, paid taxes and built the Hawaiian Kingdom from start to finish. The 'Americans' didn't suddenly show up and overthrow the Queen. The Queen tried an unconstitutional and illegal power grab. She instigated her own overthrow. Her own subjects led a counter-revolution to depose her, end the monarchy and establish a republic. The concept of protectorates and annexation was nothing new for the Hawaiian Kingdom. It tried to obtain protectorate status from Great Britain, the United States and Japan. In 1851, during the French Crisis, King Kamehameha III secretly requested annexation by the United States, but (ironically) U.S. Secretary of State Webster declined. The Hawaiian Kingdom recognized that it needed a strong Big Brother to protect it. Even President Cleveland referred to it as a 'feeble' country.
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  352.  @midimusicforever  The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  353.  @mariobeanes4430  Politically, the Apology Resolution was intended to help pave the way for federal tribal recognition of the Native Hawaiian people, just like the Native Americans. Legally, it had no effect on any settlement against the United States and didn't alter or modify the purity of land title own by the State of Hawaii. The Apology Bill doesn't support the hawaiian independence activists desire for secession and sovereignty. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the resolution was written with conciliatory and precatory language, not legal language that confers rights or acts as legislation. The Apology Resolution was an opinion statement, not a legal one. If you want federal recognition of the kanaka (similar to the Akaka Bill), then the Apology Bill is an olive branch that can be used to start that process. The Apology Bill doesn't legally support the hawaiian independence movement. The U.S. President, Congress and Military never enacted (or admitted) a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Government. The Apology Bill apoligized for the role that some U.S. citzens and expatriates played in the hawaiian revolution that overthrew the monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by a bloodless and peaceful coup of wealthy and powerful haole, who were denizens, citizens and royal subjects, of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The Morgan Report refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing since they didn't participate in the overthrow, support the hawaiian insurgents in any way and didn't act aggressively or violently against the monarchy. The Morgan Report was 1,176 pages of public interviews on all sides, with cross-examination and under oath (which the Blount Report did not do). The Apology Resolution is just a 5 page opinion statement full of 'whereas' clauses. It doesn't even remotely come close to refuting the Morgan Report.
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  354. Hawai'i is free :)
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  355. Politically, the Apology Resolution was intended to help pave the way for federal tribal recognition of the Native Hawaiian people, just like the Native Americans. Legally, it had no effect on any settlement against the United States and didn't alter or modify the purity of land title own by the State of Hawaii. The Apology Bill doesn't support the hawaiian independence activists desire for secession and sovereignty. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the resolution was written with conciliatory and precatory language, not legal language that confers rights or acts as legislation. The Apology Resolution was an opinion statement, not a legal one. If they want federal recognition of the kanaka (similar to the Akaka Bill), then the Apology Bill is an olive branch that can be used to start that process. The Apology Bill doesn't legally support the hawaiian independence movement. The U.S. President, Congress and Military never enacted (or admitted) a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Government. The Apology Bill apoligized for the alleged role that some U.S. citzens and expatriates played in the hawaiian revolution that overthrew the monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by a bloodless and peaceful coup of wealthy and powerful haole, who were naturalized citizens and royal subjects, of the Hawaiian Kingdom.The Morgan Report was 1,176 pages of public interviews on all sides, with cross-examination and under oath (which the Blount Report did not do). The Apology Resolution is just a 5 page opinion statement full of 'whereas' clauses. It doesn't even remotely come close to refuting the Morgan Report, which is still the last word and final government report on the matter.
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  356. The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation by the United States.
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  357.  @zin.nesis1  The U.S. never fought any wars or battles with the Hawaiian Kingdom. Russia fought a war, conquered and annexed Crimea from the Ukraine. Big difference.
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  358.  @zin.nesis1  Do you even know Hawaiian history? Queen Lili'uokalani tried an illegal and unconstitutional powergrab. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature, unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch. Queen Lili'uokalani, the royalists, rebels and American soldiers all formally testified that the U.S. military played no active role in the Revolution of 1893. Huge Difference.
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  359.  @zin.nesis1  Well, this video was about H-A-W-A-I-I. You were able to watch a jankity 11 minute propaganda video about Hawai'i, but you weren't able to read a few short paragraphs? This video was full of misinformation, half truths and propaganda. Always independently research, verify and confirm what you read, see and hear. Don't blindly trust youtube.🙂✌️
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  360.  @zin.nesis1  Think?🤔 You have no counterargument so that makes my argument superior. Lol. Queen Lili'uokalani admitted in her formal, written testimony to Commissioner Blount and in own book, Hawaii's Story, (which she wrote) that she tried to overthrow the existing government. Aloha 'Oe.
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  361. Queen Lili'uokalani was overthrown after she attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. She instigated her own overthrow.
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  362.  @ceruleanprince7139  Hawai'i wasn't technologically advanced for its time. Palace 'Iolani had electricity generation, distribution and lighting that was invented, manufactured, and installed by Americans. Maui sugar refineries had electricity before the Palace.
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  363.  @ceruleanprince7139  The Hawaiian Kingdom was a modern country because of the British, Americans and Asians who helped build the country. The Committee of Safety (who overthrew the monarchy) consisted of 6 Hawaiian subjects, 5 American citizens, 1 German subject, and 1 British subject. Many were denizens, citizens and royal subjects of Hawai'i. It wasn't an 'American' Revolution. They all migrated, had families, lived, worked, paid taxes and built Hawai'i. It was a Hawaiian revolution. The United States played no active role in the revolution and overthrow.
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  364. Hawai'i is nothing like Tiben or Crimea. Lol
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  365. Let me tell you about Jesus. OR Let me tell you about Kapu Which one sounds more dangerous? The Bible or harsh, oppressive Kapu religious law and a feudal caste system based on hereditary rule?
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  366. Humans have always fought and conquered one another, regardless of color. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. Is brown-on-brown violence okay? ;) The United States never fought any wars with the Hawaiian Kingdom or the kanaka maoli. The U.S. didn't conquer Hawai'i.
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  367. The U.S. didn't fight any battles or wars with the Hawaiian Kingdom. Lol
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  368. "Kanaka doing a bunch of Kanaka shit." "Hapa doing a bunch of Hapa shit." "Humans doing a bunch of Human shit."
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  369. Haunani Kay Trask was a racist who pushed propaganda and hatred to divide the community. King Kalākaua had a much more positive impact for our culture than Trask ever did. Good riddance to her.
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  370.  @rjrod1326  Trask did a lot of shady things to build up pride to dangerous nationalistic, militant and ethno-facist levels. She did more harm than good, because she did everything the wrong way (with hate and racism in her heart, no real aloha). Not very akamai. She pushed historical half-truths, inaccuracies and propaganda. In the end, she did more harm than good. Here's one of Trask's infamous poems: Racist white woman I could kick you in your face Puncture both your eyes You deserve this kind of violence Just a knife slitting your heart A fist in your mouth There's plenty of blame to go around for the decline in the life of kanaka maoli (which go all the way back to the native hawaiian feud caste system, Mo'i, Ali'i, Kapu, etc). Trask lied to our faces and said it was all the haole's fault. She was selective with her accountability and was willing to do any hewa to push her radical agenda.
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  371. Not in Hawai'i. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  372. The United States didn't steal Hawai'i. And Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet.
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  373. Not even close. The Queen tried to overthrow the existing government, create her own constitution and make a stronger monarchy... but people found out about her secret plot, led a successful counter-revolution and overthrew her. She tried to make an illegal and unconstitutional power grab, but it backfired horribly on her.
    1
  374. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet.
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  375. No it doesn't. Lol. Japan committed a surprise military attack against Pearl Harbor. Even the Japanese military planners thought it was a poor decision to attack. The United States never fought any wars or battles against the Hawaiian Kingdom. There's also no historical evidence (from the royalist, rebel or U.S. sides) that the U.S. military played any active role in the Revolution of 1893. Even Queen Lili'uokalani admitted, in her written testimony, that the U.S. military took no aggressive actions against her government or royalist forces.
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  376. @John Freddy The 162 marines and sailors (don't forget about the sailors - Lol) stood around and did absolutely nothing. They didn't participate with the rebels. They didn't provide any kind of support. They didn't patrol any streets or raid any government buildings. They marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flag and saluted the Queen, which was an international sign of neutrality. They just hanged out in their barracks and were bored. Even Queen Lili'uokalani admitted they did absolutely nothing. Meanwhile, the Committee of Safety and rebels were, ya know, rebelling. The Queen and her royalist forces couldn't stop them and they SURRENDERED. That's a revolution. One side won, the other side lost. The American soldiers just sat on their 'okole and watched.
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  377. This video is full of misinformation, half truths and historical inaccuracy. Johnny Harris doesn't fairly and objectively discuss Hawaiian history. He only cherry-picks the parts that serve his agenda.
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  378. It's a huge myth that the Hawaiian language was banned/eradicated by the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii or United States. The Hawaiian Kingdom enacted an education policy that highly favored English before the overthrow of the monarchy in 1893. King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1855): "To foster education and widen every channel that leads to knowledge, is one of our most imperative duties... It is of the highest importance, in my opinion, that education in the English language should become more general, for it is my firm conviction that unless my subjects become educated in this tongue, their hope of intellectual progress, and of meeting the foreigners on terms of equality, is a vain one." King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1856) that he was satisfied with the Board of Education's progress on English instruction "It is particularly gratifying to know that instruction in the English language is prosecuted with so much success among my native subjects. I recommend you to make as liberal a provision for the support of this class of schools as the state of my Treasury will admit." And this Hawaiian Kingdom Policy was very successful in adopting the English language as the main language of education and instruction. 1881: 66% English, 33% Hawaiian 1887: 84% English,16% Hawaiian  1892: 95% English, 5% Hawaiian 1896: 97% English, 3% Hawaiian There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 ✔✔✔
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  379.  @alapakeheanu4776  Do you know the mo'olelo hawai'i? During the Revolution of 1887, Japan and England weren't ready and willing to go to war against the United States over Hawai'i. In 1881, Kalākaua proposed to the Japanese Emperor that they form a confederacy and make Hawai'i a Japanese protectorate. He also wanted to arrange a marriage between his niece, Princess Ka’iulani, and Japan’s Prince Yamashina. The Emperor declined because he didn't want to upset the United State. Japan would never have gone to war against the U.S. in 1893. If Japan did propose war, then this would've made huge internatioal news and bolstered the argument (and fear) that Japan wanted to acquire Hawai'i. During the 1887 Revolution, King Kalākaua asked his international allies for assistance, but they refused and advised him to accept the demands and reforms of the Hawaiian League. They weren't very eager to help. During the 1893 Revolution, British Minister Wodehouse requested support from Great Britain, but they declined. Great Britain and Japan weren't eager to fight the U.S. over Hawai'i. You're sadly mistaken or confused.
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  380. Native Hawaiian and other activists lobbied hard for statehood. Prince Kūhio even wrote the first statehood bill in 1919.
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  381.  @von8089  In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii proposed annexation by the United States. The Republic of Hawaii's legislature unanimously approved the annexation request and terms. The U.S. Senate and House of Representatives BOTH approved the Newlands Resolution with a TWO THIRDS majority ratification. The U.S. legally annexed Hawai'i. You may now kiss the bride. United States😚😄Hawai'i🌸
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  382.  @alapakeheanu4776  There were some people who supported the monarchy, some who wanted a republic and some who wanted annexation. Queen Lili'uokalani attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab and the monarchy got overthrown. The Provisional Government formed the Republic of Hawaii, which requested annexation, became a U.S. Territory (1899) and, in 1959, 93% of voters chose Statehood.
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  383.  @cathz8295  I'm glad you're laughing at your lack of knowledge about Hawaiian history. Lol😉
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  384.  @jillconner5062  Don't be salty, Jill. Did you blindly believe this Johnny Harris 'research'? He left so many inconvenient facts and history out of his 'discussion'. I don't get paid, but Johnny certainly made a lot of money off this propaganda video. Lol
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  385.  @toon_scaling  The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
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  386.  @lovemoviesful2  The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  387. What force? The Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles rolled Lili'uokalani and the royalists like a cocount into the ocean. Brah, she surrendered without a fight in one day. Lol
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  388. The United States didn't 'occupy' Hawai'i. Lol
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  389. Westerners were trading with Native Hawaiians for 40 years before any missionaries arrived. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old ancestral religion, terminated the harsh, oppressive kapu religious legal system, commanded all heiau to be destroyed and fought a small war to enforce his policies. The missionaries arrived SIX MONTHS LATER. President Cleveland asked the U.S. Congress to investigate alleged American involvement in the Revolution of 1893. The Senate Committee on Foreign Relations released the Morgan Report, which exonerated the U.S. military and it's agents of any wrongdoing. After receiving the report, Cleveland withdrew all his support to reinstate the former queen, re-established diplomatic relations with the Republic of Hawaii and negotiated treaties with them. Hawai'i isn't an occupied nation. In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation and the U.S. accepted their offer. The Hawaiian Legislature unanimously approved and the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives ratified it with a two thirds majority.
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  390. There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 ✔✔✔
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  391. Hawai'i is nothing like Kuwait. Lol. Iraq launched a real military invasion and conquered Kuwait with violent, military FORCE . The United States fought the Persian Gulf War to liberate Kuwait. The U.S. never fought any major battles or wars with the Hawaiian Kingdom. It didn't invade or conquer Hawai'i. The American troops didn't actively participate in the Revolution of 1893. The Committee of Safey and Honolulu Rifles (an armed force of 1,100 - 1,600 militiamen) overthrew Queen Lili'uokalani after she tried an illegal and unconstitutional power grab to strengthen her autocratic powers. The monarchy was overthrown by a local rebellion that established a new Provisional Government, then the Republic of Hawaii and later requested and received annexation by the United States. Nobody fought a war with the Republic of Hawaii to 'liberate' Hawai'i. The Senate Committee on Foreign Relations released the Morgan Report, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any alleged wrongdoing. President Cleveland withdrew his support to reinstate the deposed queen, reestablished diplomatic relations with the Republic of Hawaii and negotiated treaties with them. All of the Hawaiian Kingdom's allies and treaty partners (all nineteen of them) provided de facto and formal, written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The International Community legitimized every transition from Hawaiian Kingdom to U.S. Territory. Hawai'i and Kuwait are not the same.
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  392.  @hawaiianhistory1012  The U.S.S. Boston deployed 162 marines and sailors as a peacekeeping force under commands of neutrality to protect American life and property. They didn't fight with the insurgents, raid any buildings or provide any material support. The Blount and Morgan reports didn't document any physicsl aggression by the U.S. soldiers. That's hardly a military invasion force. The Honolulu Rifles (who were very well trained) had a militia force of about 1,100 - 1,600 men (who were well supplied and had raided a local armory). That, on the other hand, is a LARGE armed insurgency. No, Queen Lili'uokalani wouldn't have been able to "easily put down" the rebellion. The royalists had about 950 men, with about a dozen artillery pieces and a gatling gun. Queen Liliuokalani could've TRIED to defend her government from the revolution. It would've been a bloody battle, for sure. After realizing this, she got cold feet and surrendered. She thought (hoped) President Harrison or her good friend Grover Cleveland (president-elect who would take office in six weeks) would restore her government. Wishful thinking. That was a grave miscalculation. She thought the U.S. would fight her battle. However, it was her responsibility to defend her government, but she didn't. After annexation, all people (who lived in Hawai'i) became U.S. citizens after the Organic Act of 1900 and all people born in Hawai'i (including the children of immigrants) became U.S. citizens with the right to vote due to the 14th Amendment. Asian immigrants who arrived AFTER the Organic Act didn't have the right to vote. In 1920, women got the right to vote (which had never happened in Hawai'i). Native Hawaiians were a majority of the voters all the way through the 1930s; native hawaiian activists even lobbied hard for statehood (Prince Kūhio even authored the first Hawai'i Statehood bill in 1819). Congress allowed Chinese immigrants to become citizens in 1943 and later Japanese and other Asian immigrants got the right in 1952. In 1959, everyone got the right to vote for U.S. representatives, senators and the president after they became a State. That's the full picture of voting rights in Hawai'i :) Racism? Sure, there was some racism by the Hawaiian Kingdom and United States against Asians and vice versa. For example, the Hawaiian Kingdom promoted, supported and maintained the asian penal contract labor system, which (thankfully) ended after U.S. Annexation with the Organic Act of 1900.
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  393.  @hawaiianhistory1012  It's a huge myth that the Hawaiian language was banned/eradicated by the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii or United States. The Hawaiian Kingdom enacted an education policy that highly favored English before the overthrow of the monarchy in 1893. King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1855): "To foster education and widen every channel that leads to knowledge, is one of our most imperative duties... It is of the highest importance, in my opinion, that education in the English language should become more general, for it is my firm conviction that unless my subjects become educated in this tongue, their hope of intellectual progress, and of meeting the foreigners on terms of equality, is a vain one." King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1856) that he was satisfied with the Board of Education's progress on English instruction "It is particularly gratifying to know that instruction in the English language is prosecuted with so much success among my native subjects. I recommend you to make as liberal a provision for the support of this class of schools as the state of my Treasury will admit." And this Hawaiian Kingdom Policy was very successful in adopting the English language as the main language of education and instruction. 1881: 66% English, 33% Hawaiian 1887: 84% English,16% Hawaiian  1892: 95% English, 5% Hawaiian 1896: 97% English, 3% Hawaiian The Hawaiian Kingdom enacted an education policy that transitioned rom Native Hawaiian medium schools to English-only immersion schools. Many people don't know about (or blatantly ignore) the English initiatives of the King and Legislature. In 1882, the Board of Education implemented a policy where all academic subjects were to be taught only in English and all other languages were discouraged (Kanaka, Japanese, Portuguese, Filipino, etc). They believed that total immersion would lead to quicker English language proficiency. Between 1834-1948, there were over 100 different Hawaiian language newspapers. Furthermore, some Hawaiian newspapers actively opposed the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and the Annexation. There wasn't a public-wide ban of the 'olelo. The 'olelo was not used for formal school instruction (based on Hawaiian Kingdom long-term policy trends), but the Hawaiian Language was still available as an elective course at the high school level. More importantly, the language wasn't 'banned' in private and other public spaces. If the ohana didn't pass on the 'olelo hawai'i to their keike, then that's on them. Culture and language always starts at home. The Japanese penal contract laborers endured truly harsh social, economic and political conditions and disadvantages. However, they were able to maintain their native language with community support and secondary language schools. Meanwhile, the kanaka voluntarily allowed their language to dwindle for various reasons (more advantageous and beneficial, Hawaiian Kingdom policy, perceived shame of speaking native tongue, embracing Western ideals, etc). There was no law that abolished the language. There are some who perpetuate a 'ban' as propaganda, but they don't have history to back them up.
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  394.  @hawaiianhistory1012  It's no secret that John Stevens was pro-annexation. Before and after the revolution of 1893, he promoted the annexation, often in official U.S. correspondence. However, that doesn't mean that he or the United States overthrew the Monarchy. Queen Lili'uokalani was trying to make an illegal power grab. She wanted to prorogate the legislature, abrogate the existing constitution, unilaterally create her own constitution, strengthen her autocratic power and use the military to defend her revolution (which was highly illegal and unconstitutional). Nobody forced her to do that. Her political opponents found out, organized, mobilized, and led a successful counter-revolution to overthrow her. They asked the United States for help. Stevens offered political support to the rebels, just like other nations provided American colonists political support during their War for Independence. He told them that if they could take control of the government buildings, such as the police station, then the U.S. would recognize their provisional government. Did the U.S. soldiers actively participate in the revolution? No.The U.S. soldiers were given strict commands to protect American life and property. They didn't patrol any streets, surround any buildings, raid an office buildings or provide any material aid to the rebels. The soldiers marched past 'Iolani Palace, saluted the Queen and lowered their flag, which is the international sign of neutrality. There is no 'smoking gun' because the U.S. didn't fire a single shot. The United States politically helped the Hawaiian Kingdom many times, such as during the French Crisis, Paulet Annexation Crisis and Kalākaua Election Riots. There's no problem with Stevens providing political support against the Queen's illegal plans to overthrow the government and defend her position with military force. The Blount Report and Morgan Report agreed that the U.S. Military acted honorably, successfully carried out their mission and remained neutral. Kamehameha V overthrew the government in 1864. He prorogated the legislature, abrogated the 1852 Constitution, unilaterally created his own constitution and strengthened his autocratic powers (removed checks and balances, weakened power sharing and strengthened the king to be more like an absolute monarch), which was unconstitutional and illegal. Sound familiar? Queen Lili'uokalani tried to do the same thing. First, she tried to ammend the existing 1887 Constitution, but she repeatedly failed. Her supporters wanted her to do the same as Kamehameha V and just 'proclaim' a new constitution. She drafted the Constitution of 1893, but her Ministers wouldn't sign it because it was illegal and would cause civil unrest (i.e. riots and/or rebellion). Some of her ministers informed her political opponents about her scheme... and the rest is history. The Queen never submitted her Constitution for approval by the Legislature. She just wanted to proclaim the old one was dead and HER new one was the new law of the land, which was very illegal. It was a reckless power grab that cost her the throne.   King Kalākaua wasn't physically forced to sign the 1887 Constitution. His political enemies threatened to overthrow him if he didn't make political concessions. His political opponents didn't storm Palace 'Iolani and force him to sign a new constitution. Kalākaua had a weak government. He couldn't defend against their intimidation tactics. Instead of directly dealing with his problem via political negotiation/compromise, police response or military action,  he asked his international allies (United States, Great Britain, France, Japan, and Portugal) to help him, but they advised that he agree to the terms set by the Hawaiian League. He capitulated. No one physically put a gun to his head or bayonet to his throat. He conceded in order to save his throne. He didn't assert his authority and defend his government. Kalākaua was already a timid ruler and acted like a figurehead before the Revolution of 1887 even happened. Historically, there have been many civil/uncivil protests/riots/rebellions/revolutions that have changed politics, policy and government. The Right to Revolution goes all the way back to John Locke and even earlier. By its nature, every revolution is 'illegal' from the perspective of the side who lost. The Queen and Hui Kālaiʻāina opposed the 1887 Constitution. They wanted to amend it and regain power. They organized a petition for a new constitution. Lili'uokalani claimed that "out of a possible 9500 registered voters, 6500, or two-thirds, had signed these petitions" and she couldn't ignore their request and be "deaf to the voice of the people, which tradition tells us is the voice of God." Unfortunately, the petitions have been lost to history, only a small, incomplete part remains. Queen Lili'uokalani repeatedly tried to ammend the 1887 Constitution, but all her efforts failed. So she tried a very risky and illegal move. She wanted to abrogate the existing constitution, prorogate the legislature, unilaterally make her own, promulgate it via (magical) royal proclamation and defend her revolution with the military. This was very illegal and unconstitutional. And it backfired on her - very badly. She instigated her own overthrow. She used the 'will of the people' as a pretense for a power grab.
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  395.  @hawaiianhistory1012  The Hawaiian Kingdom Constitution of 1864 had income requirements, property requirements and a voter test. It disenfranchised voting rights for many people, especially poor kanaka and asians Article 62: Every male subject of the Kingdom, who shall have paid his taxes, who shall have attained the age of twenty years, and shall have been domiciled in the Kingdom for one year immediately preceding the election; and shall be possessed of Real Property in this Kingdom, to the value over and above all incumbrances of One Hundred and Fifty Dollars of a Lease-hold property on which the rent is Twenty-five Dollars per year --or of an income of not less than Seventy-five Dollars per year , derived from any property or some lawful employment , and shall know how to read and write , if born since the year 1840... There were some people on both sides of this debate who used racist arguments to support/oppose annexation. Blount and Morgan both had checkered, racist pasts. However, the Morgan report was considered to be the more thorough and objective report because witness interviews happened in public under sworn oath and with cross examination and he interviewed participants from all sides, which had not happened in the Blount investigation. Many people criticized the integrity of Blount's investigation. The Morgan Report is still the official, final word on the Revolution of 1893. Commissioner Blount was the only person who investigated and wrote the Blount Report. President Cleveland secretely appointed one (1) person to act on his behalf, delegated him a high level of authority and power, didn't receive Senate confirmation and he didn't even notify the Senate of his appointment. Cleveland gave one man paramount power and secret instructions to investigate the revolution and provisional government. And how did Blount conduct his investigation? He had private and informal conversations with royalists and annexationists. However, he only requested that royalists meet with him to give formal statements, which weren't under oath, and they were recorded by a stenographer to be later memorialized in the Blount Report. After only ONE WEEK in office, President Cleveland empowered ONE MAN to secretly conduct an investigation that was lopsided and lacked integrity. Cleveland was trying to reinstate his friend Liliuokalani as soon as possible. Blount falsely claimed that the United States military and agents overthrew the government. The U.S. President (Cleveland) was a Democrat and the Democrats had majority control of the Senate. The Senate Committee on Foreign Relations consisted of nine (9) members - five (5) Democrats and four (4) Republicans. The Blount Report involved one person while the Morgan Report involved a Committee of nine, non-partisan committee members of the Senate. The Committee on Foreign Relations required  that 1) witnesses from both sides (royalist and annexationist) undergo formal interview, 2) interviews occurred in open, public hearings, 3) witnesses were sworn under oath to tell the truth and 4) witnesses could be cross-examined. In contrast, Blount held formal interviews with only royalists, held secret, private meetings, didn't require testimony under oath and there was no cross-examination. The Morgan Report repudiated the Blount Report and exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing. The Senate Committee on Foreign Relations conducted a more objective, non-biased, transparent and procedural investigation than Blount. Even the dissenting monority opinion agreed that U.S. soldiers remained neutral during the overthrow. The Morgan Report is still, to this day, the official, last word and final government report on U.S. military involvement in the Hawaiian overthrow.
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  396.  @hawaiianhistory1012  The Treaty of Reciprocity 1875 made BOTH the Hawaiian Kingdom and sugar/fruit industries a lot of money. In 1874, Hawai'i generated $1.8M in exports. By 1890, it was $13.3M (an increase of over 700%). Then it went downhill. The U.S. Tariff Act of 1890 caused an economic depression in Hawai'i. Sanford B. Dole was a lawyer and later became President of the Republic of Hawaii. James Dole was his cousin and he migrated to Hawai'i in 1899 (six years AFTER the overthrow). Sanford Dole wasn't a 'fruit oligarch'. There were many American politicians and businesses who opposed annexation of Hawai'i because of it's undesired competition to local industries. For example, the U.S. already had significant sugar production from Louisiana, Texas and Cuba. Many wanted Hawaiian sugar out of the American marketplace. Saddam Hussein was a brutal Iraqi dictator who invaded and conquered Kuwait with military force. It was a war. There were 420 Kuwaitis killed and 12,000 captured. Since when did Saddam Hussein become an expert on mo'olelo hawai'i? Lol. He clearly used Hawai'i as propaganda to justify and defend his military conquest. Does the hawaiian independence movement really want to rely on SADDAM HUSSEIN for expert testimony? I think not. Let's take a look at the Larsen v Hawaiian Kingdom case that went to the Permanent Court of Arbitration. The Tribunal didn't award a decision in favor of the hawaiian sovereignty movement. Legally, the Court awarded nothing meaningful in the judgement. A rule for Larsen or Hawaiian Kingdom would've been a symbolic win. They got zilch. No win - for anyone. Larsen and 'Hawaiian Kingdom' both lost. The Tribunal clearly stated that the arbitration rules (that Larsen and Sai filed and agreed to) only dealt with international trade. INTERNATIONAL TRADE 😞 (Take a moment to let that sink in) and not territorial/boundary disputes. NOT TERRITORY BOUNDARY DISPUTES. The Tribunal was perplexed as to why both parties acted like friends👬, who presented the SAME evidence and showed no sign of disagreement (weird!). Larsen didn't even seek damages (weirder!). The Triubunal sat through this charade because both parties completed all the appropriate paperwork and paid for the adjudication. And how did the PCA adjudicate? They dismissed the case under the grounds that "there is no dispute between the parties capable of submission to arbitration" AND, even if it were, the sovereign state that owns the territory, the U.S., wasn't party to the proceedings. The U.S. would never join a flim flam arbitration case about "international trade".  Check out the arbitration award. The stated that they couldn't make a decision on whether the "Hawaiian Kingdom" existed in perpetuity: "the Tribunal can neither decide that Hawaii is not part of the USA, nor proceed on the assumption that it is not. To take either course would be to disregard a principle which goes to heart of the arbitral function in international law." David Sai staged a nice publicity stunt and created some sensational propaganda. And people gobbled it up. He came back empty-handed and made zero progress for his cause, but he still spiked the football and strutted around like a rooster🐓 who just laid an egg (unreal!). Dr. David Keanu Sai is a revisionist historian who tries to retroactively apply today's laws to historical events that happened before the laws were created, which obviously can't be done.
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  397.  @hawaiianhistory1012  In the Hawaiian Kingdom, the kanaka midde class and (especially) upper class elites were bilingual. They went to the best schools and many, such as Queen Lili'uokalani, were sent abroad to western countries for education. Furthermore, the Hawaiian Kingdom implemented an education policy where most medium schools transitioned to full immersion, english-only schools. By 1892 (one year before the revolution), 95% of all schools were english-only. Many kanaka (leaders, academics, etc) knew both 'olelo hawai'i and english. Remember, Hawai'i had an excellent literacy rate! Between 1834-1948, there were over 100 different Hawaiian language newspapers. There were no sedition acts that prevented freedom of speech. Native hawaiians were able to share their voice and it was recorded in history. So it's pretty laughable when you claim that kanaka voices were not represented in history books. Independence activists pretend that there's an entire treasure trove of 'secret' information that has just been discovered - over 100 years after the Revolution of 1893. That's not true. It's always been there, in plain view of everyone and readily accessible. Did Queen Lili'uokalani and the royalists not have access to this 'hidden' knowledge? Lol. If there was some kind of never-before-seen, 'brand new', smoking gun historical evidence, then activists would be parading it around... but, no, they got nuthin'. That's a hard rub, cousin. Please don't try and compare Hawai'i to Poland in World War II. Did the Committee of Safety launch an air and ground blitzkrieg to pound the Kingdom into submission? No. Did the Honolulu Rifles construct concentration, work and death camps to exterminate undesirable kanaka? No. There's no comparison. The Revolution of 1893 was a peaceful and bloodless coup that overthrew a queen who was attempting an unconstitutional and illegal power grab. She surrendered after one day. At least the Poles fought to defend their country against a much superior and powerful military force. Meanwhile, the hawaiian rebels rolled the royalists like a coconut into the ocean. The NEA is a progressive, liberal labor union. Education history textbooks, in general, do not cover history in depth. I wouldn't be surprised if some independence activist propaganda made it into some classrooms. Dr. David Keanu Sai is a revisionist historian who wants to retroactively apply today's laws to historocal events that occurred before the laws were even created, which obviously can't be done. Sai has even written some sketchy articles for the NEA; they're full of historical inaccuracies, half-truths and propaganda. He openly talks about controlling the narrative. No doubt, he is a biased and non-objective source of information. Ken Conklin? Who's he? Another hawaiian independence activist? Brah, are you telling me that only people, who fluently speak the 'olelo, can talk about Hawaii's history? No can. You're trying to silence a lot of kanaka, hapa and haole (who don't know the native language). That's messed up! Hewa. Everyone can talk about hawaiian history and issues. Hawai'i Nei is a multiethnic, multicultural and multinational society (just like it was during the Kingdom). Everyone's voice has mana. Everyone can talk story. Be better, do better.
    1
  398. The missionaries didn't invade Hawai'i and many American politicians and businessmen opposed Hawaiian sugar. Lol
    1
  399. James Dole didn't migrate to Hawai'i and start his fruit business until 1899, six years after the overthrow and one year after annexation.
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  400. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
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  401. How exactly did the U.S. screw over Hawai'i? Did you actually think Hawai'i was stolen?
    1
  402. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli. Russia fought actual wars in Georgia and Crimea to annex their land.
    1
  403. No one ethnic group has de facto ownership of any land. Hawai'i is a multiethnic, multicultural and multinational community.
    1
  404. The U.S. never overthrew Hawai'i. And Hawai'i was never colonized. Lol
    1
  405. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  406. The U.S. never stole Hawai'i. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  407.  @yellowcressentxxi570  The joke didn't fly over my head. I just thought it was stupid.😁
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  408. Hawai'i was attacked, looted or stolen by the United States.
    1
  409. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  410. The U.S. didn't steal Hawai'i. Lol
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  411. ... And a video about how every country stole their land from someone else.😒 The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  412. The United States never stole Hawai'i.
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  413. And how Kamehameha stole Hawai'i. However, the United States didn't steal Hawai'i.
    1
  414. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  415. Hawaiian Kingdom died a long time ago ;)
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  416. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet. Lol. The People's Republic of China launched a full scale military invasion to conquer and annex Tibet. There were over 3,000 Tibetans killed, wounded or captured. Another 200,000 - 1,000,000 Tibetans died during the Great Leap Forward, which was the worst human-caused famine in history. The U.S. didn't fight any major battles or wars with the Hawaiian Kingdom.
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  417. And does this disgruntled Canadian actually know Hawaiian history? Or are you wingin' it based on one youtube video? ;)
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  418. Brah, this wasn't even close. This video was full of historical inaccuracies, half-truths and propaganda.  The U.S. didn't 'conquer' or 'steal' Hawai'i with force. Lol. Queen Lili'uokalani tried an illegal and unconstitutional powergrab. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature, unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  419. James Dole didn't migrate to start his fruit business until 1899, which was six years after the Revolution of 1893 and one year after the Annexation of 1898.
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  420. The United States didn't steal Hawai'i. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet ;)
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  421.  @harsha2993  Are you sure? Hawai'i was never colonized. Kamehameha would never have been able to conquer all the islands without the help of western traders, weapons, tactics, materials, advice, training and support. Hawaiian Kings intentionally integrated western systems (education, religious, political, economic and military) with Hawaiian traditions. The kanaka and haole built the country together and became one ohana, blended by aloha. Who was the first western governor of Hawai'i? Isaac Davis and John Young were valuable advisors who were very instrumental to King Kamehameha's success. The King granted Davis ali'i status, had him marry into his family and made him governor of O'ahu. When Kamehameha left Big Island, Young acted as governor of Hawai'i on his behalf. Young was also the grandfather of Queen Emma. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch. Mahalo.
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  422.  @harsha2993  You have no counterargument. I pity your work ethic and dedication. Hawai'i isn't India. It's not the same experience.
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  423.  @harsha2993  The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli. What more do you need? Ethnic, religious groups do not have de facto ownership of any land in the world, not even India. India has an infamous caste system and still has problematic caste discrimination.
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  424.  @harsha2993  There were many U.S. politicians and businessmen who opposed the annexation of Hawai'i because they didn't want competition from Hawaiian sugar. The U.S. had significant sugar production from Louisiana, Texas and Cuba. Do you even research? I pity your work ethic and dedication. Did you graduate from YouTube? In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old ancestral religion, commanded that all the heiau be destroyed and terminated the harsh kapu religious law SIX MONTHS BEFORE any missionaries arrived to Hawai'i. Why? Because feudal caste systems and kapu suck. They were very oppressive. The kanaka maoli were already hated and were growing weary of kapu... before Captain Cook even discovered the islands. You don't know the mo'olelo hawai'i. I get it.😁👌
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  425.  @harsha2993  You have no counterargument. LMAO!😂👊💥👊💥
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  426. Hong Kong, Tibet and Taiwan are nothing like Hawai'i. Lol
    1
  427. James Dole didn't migrate to Hawai' to start his fruit business until 1899, which was 6 years after the Revolution of 1893 and 1 year after annexation.
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  428. The United States already had exclusive naval rights to Pearl Harbor due to the Treaty of Reciprocity of 1887, six years before the overthrow.
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  429. Hawai'i isn't like Israel or Palestine. Lol
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  430. The U.S. hasn't done anything 'inhuman' to native hawaiians. Do you even know Hawaiian history? Lol. Kanaka maoli haven't experienced anything remotely close to the Uyghurs.
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  431.  @LDogSmiles  I suggest you state your argument. How was the United States 'inhumane' to kanaka maoli?
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  432. The U.S. didn't steal Hawai'i.
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  433. The U.S. didn't steal Hawai'i. Lol
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  434.  @xBrabus76  The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  435.  @xBrabus76  Brah, don't confuse Hawai'i with 9/11. Queen Lili'uokalani admitted that she tried to overthrow the government in her book, Hawaii's Story. She even includes a copy of her formal written testimony to Commissioner Blount as an appendex. Go ahead, do your own independent research. Verify everything you read, see and hear on your own. Study the actual history and primary documents.
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  436. The Hawaiian flag contains elements of the British flag (Union Jack) and American flag (red, white and blue stripes) because they wanted to cozy up to those two allies.
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  437. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
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  438. Kamehameha was a warlord and an imperialist... and he wasn't a Christian. Lol
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  439.  @bishopduperret9158  Try again, brah. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch. Lili'uokalani's Power Grab The Queen's draft of the 1893 Constitution had the following: - Members of the privy council, notary public, and agents would be able to run for the legislature. This was political double-dipping. For example, the Privy Council consisted of the King's cabinet ministers, who were politically aligned with the King. Queen Lili'uokalani wanted to allow her cabinet ministers to also be able to serve in the Legislature, which increases her political power. Also, it's fundamentally wrong to allow one person to serve in both the executive and legislative branches. - The Queen would be given the power to call meetings of the legislature. Queen Lili'uokalani tried to increase power for the sovereign (herself). - The Queen’s private lands and other property were made inviolable. The Kamehameha dynasty ended with Kamehameha V. Kalākaua and Lili'uokalani were no longer sovereigns with inviolable land and property. - The Queen would sign all bills before they became law. The 1887 constitution allowed the Legislature to repass bills with a two-thirds majority and overcome a sovereign's vetoe. Kalākua's reign was considered corrupt. The Legislative branch was given stronger, conditional approval authority. - Nobles would be appointed by the Queen instead of elected. Obviously, this gives more power to the sovereign because Lili'uokalani can appoint noblemen (instead of a more democratic election). The people would concede more power to the sovereign. - American and European residents, granted suffrage in 1887, would lose the right to vote. Voting rights would be taken away from a large demographic group. By 1893, the demographics of Hawai'i were roughly 1/3rd kanaka, 1/3rd westerners and 1/3rd asian. - The Queen would be able to appoint governors of each island for four years. More power for the sovereign. - Article 78 of the 1887 Constitution which required the monarch to perform "with the advice and consent of the Cabinet" was left out. This removed legislative checks-and-balances over the executive branch. If the Queen was proposing minor reforms, then her Constitution of 1893 wouldn't raise any eyebrows. But it wasn't minor. She was upset about the 1887 Constitution just like the westerners were upset about the 1864 Constitution. Queen Lili'uokalani was attempting a major power grab. And, no, the Legislature wasn't ready to pass the new constitution. The Revolution of 1887 had caused a significant power shift. Queen Lili'uokalani kept her plan secret, within her inner circle. She planned on proclaiming (surprise!!!🎉) a new constitution... and she ordered the military to put down any rebellion (that's a power play... and a bit tyrannical). That's a premidated crime. Unfortunately, someone leaked her plan. And the rest is history. Lili'uokalani instigated her own overthrow. Her plan was illegal. Sure, many kanaka would've approved of her power grab and many westerners opposed it. Nevertheless, she overstepped her constitutional powers and suffered the consequences. She's a victim of her own arrogance.
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  440.  @bishopduperret9158  There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 ✔✔✔
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  441.  @fate3071  Thanks, I did the deep dive. The mo'olelo hawai'i is very messy.
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  442. This video was full of historical inaccuracies, half truths and propaganda. It wasn't well done.
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  443.  @HaunaniPao  Here's one example. The United States didn't 'steal' Hawai'i. Queen Lili'uokalani tried an illegal and unconstitutional powergrab. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature, unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  444.  @HaunaniPao  President Cleveland asked Congress to investigate alleged U.S. involvement. The Senate Committee of Foreign Relations released the Morgan Report, which exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing. Why? Because there was no evidence from either side (rebels or royalists) that the American soldiers actively participated in the revolution. There were 162 peaceful U.S. marines and SAILORS versus 1,100-1,600 Honolulu Rifles of local hawaiians who raided the armory, patrolled the streets, surrounded government building, raided offices, engaged in small skirmishes and overthrew the monarchy. Meanwhile, the U.S. soldiers, by every account, took no hostile actions. Furthermore, Queen Lili'uokalani even ADMITTED in her written, formal testimony to Commissioner Blount (and later in her OWN book, Hawaii's Story, Appendix B) that she tried to prorogate the legislature, abrogate the existing constitution, unilaterally create and proclaim her OWN constitution, strengthen her autocratic powers and defend her revolution with military force (which was highly illegal and unconstitutional). After reviewing the Morgan Report, President Cleveland then withdrew all of his support to reinstate the deposed queen, re-established diplomatic relations with the Republic of Hawaii, and negotiated treaties with them. The Queen instigated her own overthrow. This is what Queen Lili'uokalani wrote in her own book: Queen Lili'uokalani: I told them it was my intention to promulgate a new constitution... At 12pm, I prorogued the legislature... Early in January I mentioned to Captain Nowlein of the household guards, and Mr. Wilson the marshall, my intentions to promulgate a new constitution, and to prepare themselves to quell any riot or outbreak from the opposition. They assured me they would be ready; and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy... Queen Lili'uokalani was overthrown by the Committee of Safety and the Honolulu Rifles, who were her own countrymen and royal subjects. She was overthrown by a local Hawaiian militia force that consisted of 1,100 - 1,600 men. The Americans only landed a neutral peacekeeping force of 162 soldiers (marines and SAILORS). Queen Lili'uokalani, the royalists, the insurgents and the American soldiers all testified that the U.S. military didn't actively participate in the Revolution of 1893.
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  445.  @HaunaniPao  I think Hawai'i would've eventually become a protectorate, then bq territory and, finally, incorporated into the United States. The U.S. had strong ties with Hawai'i, throughout its history. American presence and influence was so strong that U.S. ships greatly outnumbered all other countries and British Minister Wodehouse worried that American-U.S. ties were inevitable. Unfortunately, the Hawaiian Kingdom was a weak country that consistently depended on the help of stronger, more powerful nations. The Kingdom couldn't defend itself against the French Crisis, Russian incursion into Kauai, Captain Lord Paulet's annexation for Britain, the Kalākua election riots, Revolution of 1864, Revolution of 1887, and Revolution of 1893. It always required help from foreign powers. Early on, Hawai'i wanted to become a British protectorate. In 1851, during the French Crisis, King Kamehameha III secretly requested protectorate status by the United States, but (ironically) the U.S. declined. Later, in 1854, Kamehameha III entered into negotiation for annexation by the U.S., but negotiations ended after he died and the next Mo'i withdrew. King Kalākaua wanted to make Hawai'i a Japanese protectorate, but the Emperor declined. In 1893, the Provisional Government requested annexation, but the U.S. declined again. In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation by the U.S. (a third time by Hawaii!!!), but this time it accepted. And this was five years after the overthrow. Hawai'i was a feeble country that always needed the protection of a Big Brother. It's very hard for a remote island, stuck in the middle of the Pacific Ocean to achieve social, economic and political stability in a modern world of ocean-faring super-powers. Eventually, Kūhio or someone else would make the deal.
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  446.  @HaunaniPao  It's a huge myth that the Hawaiian language was banned/eradicated by the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii or United States. The Hawaiian Kingdom enacted an education policy that highly favored English before the overthrow of the monarchy in 1893. King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1855): "To foster education and widen every channel that leads to knowledge, is one of our most imperative duties... It is of the highest importance, in my opinion, that education in the English language should become more general, for it is my firm conviction that unless my subjects become educated in this tongue, their hope of intellectual progress, and of meeting the foreigners on terms of equality, is a vain one." King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1856) that he was satisfied with the Board of Education's progress on English instruction "It is particularly gratifying to know that instruction in the English language is prosecuted with so much success among my native subjects. I recommend you to make as liberal a provision for the support of this class of schools as the state of my Treasury will admit." And this Hawaiian Kingdom Policy was very successful in adopting the English language as the main language of education and instruction. 1881: 66% English, 33% Hawaiian 1887: 84% English,16% Hawaiian 1892: 95% English, 5% Hawaiian 1896: 97% English, 3% Hawaiian
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  447.  @HaunaniPao  I don't know if the United States would've treated kanaka any better or worse. The ali'i didn't exactly do a great job of taking care of kanaka maoli. The Great Māhele of 1848 was the biggest land policy failure of Hawaiian Kingdom history. The king, ali'i and konohiki screwed over the maka'ainana and took all the āina for themselves. Only less than 1% of the maka'ainana got land, which was about 30,000 acres. The powerful kanaka monarchy and nobility class got 4 million acres. 1 million for the King, 1.5 million for the government and 1.5 million for the nobility. Even worse, the kanaka elitists mismanaged their finances and sold off a great deal of land to foreigners to repay debts. These land policies greatly hurt the common folk, the real hawaiians, the ones who actually managed and cultivated the ahupua'a for generations. The feudal lords of chiefdom days became the royal nobility of the Hawaiian Kingdom. And the exploitation didn't stop. The Great Mahele was a Great Crime of kanaka-on-kanaka fraud. The āina is life, mana, wealth, prosperity and happiness. The kanaka royalty and nobility classes stole all the land and screwed over the commoners, who had tended the ahupua'a for generations. They put native hawaiians behind the eight ball. Kanaka, Westerners and Asians built the Hawaiian Kingdom, from start to finish, and became ohana. They blended cultures and helped create something new and beautiful. Greedy rich native hawaiians are no different than greedy rich haole... because greed is greed. Do you think the ruling ali'i class could've done a better job of guiding Hawai'i through modernization and helping its people?
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  448.  @HaunaniPao  Politically, the Apology Resolution was intended to help pave the way for federal tribal recognition of the Native Hawaiian people, just like the Native Americans. Legally, it had no effect on any settlement against the United States and didn't alter or modify the purity of land title own by the State of Hawaii. The Apology Bill doesn't support the hawaiian independence activists desire for secession and sovereignty. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the resolution was written with conciliatory and precatory language, not legal language that confers rights or acts as legislation. The Apology Resolution was an opinion statement, not a legal one. If they want federal recognition of the kanaka (similar to the Akaka Bill), then the Apology Bill is an olive branch that can be used to start that process. The Apology Bill doesn't legally support the hawaiian independence movement. The U.S. President, Congress and Military never enacted (or admitted) a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Government. The Apology Bill apoligized for the alleged role that some U.S. citzens and expatriates played in the hawaiian revolution that overthrew the monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by a bloodless and peaceful coup of wealthy and powerful haole, who were naturalized citizens and royal subjects, of the Hawaiian Kingdom.The Morgan Report was 1,176 pages of public interviews on all sides, with cross-examination and under oath (which the Blount Report did not do). The Apology Resolution is just a 5 page opinion statement full of 'whereas' clauses. It doesn't even remotely come close to refuting the Morgan Report, which is still the last word and final government report on the matter. Who's peace did the U.S. keep? Well, Hawai'i didn't erupt into a Civil War. The Queen tried to lead a revolution, which caused a national crisis. By definition, her actions were illegal and unconstitutional. She did try to make a power grab. Did you expect the U.S. to defend her and the monarchy?
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  449. You don't know the mo'olelo hawai'i. Queen Lili'uokalani instigated her own overthrow when she tried to prorogate the legislature, abdicate the existing constitution, unilaterally create her own constitution, strengthen her autocratic powers and defend her revolution with military force (all highly unconstitutional and illegal). Her political opponents found out, led a successful counter-revolution and overthrew her. She was later arrested, tried for treason, imprisoned under house arrest in 'Iolani Palace (luxury suite), forced to abdicate the throne and retired with a nice pension on her personal estate. Aloha 'Oe.
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  450. Try again. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
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  451.  @ralphiemcdingus2075  Samoa and Tonga had surfing before Hawai'i. The ancient Peruvians were surfing on caballitos de totora about 3,000 - 5,000 years ago. Hawai'i popularized surfing.
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  452. Did you think Native American tribes didn't steal land from other Native American tribes? And, no, the Revolution of 1893 wasn't about 'white' nationalism or supremacy. Do you even know Hawaiian history? Lol
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  453. Not true, many love being part of the United States.
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  454. As if those groups didn't conquer others? Lol. That being said, the U.S. didn't 'steal' Hawai'i.
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  455. It's nothing like that. Lol. Politically, the Apology Resolution was intended to help pave the way for federal tribal recognition of the Native Hawaiian people, just like the Native Americans. Legally, it had no effect on any settlement against the United States and didn't alter or modify the purity of land title own by the State of Hawaii. The Apology Bill doesn't support the hawaiian independence activists desire for secession and sovereignty. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the resolution was written with conciliatory and precatory language, not legal language that confers rights or acts as legislation. The Apology Resolution was an opinion statement, not a legal one. If you want federal recognition of the kanaka (similar to the Akaka Bill), then the Apology Bill is an olive branch that can be used to start that process. The Apology Bill doesn't legally support the hawaiian independence movement. The U.S. President, Congress and Military never enacted (or admitted) a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Government. The Apology Bill apoligized for the role that some U.S. citzens and expatriates played in the hawaiian revolution that overthrew the monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by a bloodless and peaceful coup of wealthy and powerful haole, who were denizens, citizens and royal subjects, of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The Morgan Report refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing since they didn't participate in the overthrow, support the hawaiian insurgents in any way and didn't act aggressively or violently against the monarchy. The Morgan Report was 1,176 pages of public interviews on all sides, with cross-examination and under oath (which the Blount Report did not do). The Apology Resolution is just a 5 page opinion statement full of 'whereas' clauses. It doesn't even remotely come close to refuting the Morgan Report.
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  456. The U.S. doesn't want to destroy Hawaiian culture. Lol
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  457. Hawai'i is nothing like Taiwan. Lol
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  458.  @tieyiklunmliu  Hawai'i isn't a colony. Do you even know hawaiian history? Lol
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  459.  @tieyiklunmliu  Let me make it easier for you to understand... Did Kamehameha conquer and unify the islands on his own? No, he needed great help from westerners (British and Americans). Did the United States or Great Britain declare or claim Hawai'i as a colony? No. Did kanaka, westerners and asians build the country together? Yes, every step of the way. Were the westerners and asians denizens, citizens and royal subjects of Hawai'i? Yes. Did the westerners and asians live, work, pay taxes and support the Hawaiian Kingdom? Yes, the haole had a long history with Hawai'i from 1777 through 1893. Was the Hawaiian Kingdom a multiethnic, multicultural and multinational society? Yes. Did the Hawaiian Kingdom requested protectorate status or annexation from other countries? Yes. King Kamehameha wanted to make Hawai'i a British protectorate. King Kamehameha III requested annexation by the United States. King Kalākaua wanted to become a Japanese protectorate. Did the United States 'steal' Hawai'i? No, the U.S. declined an annexation request in 1851 and 1893. The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation in 1898 (five years after the monarchy's overthrow) and the U.S. accepted. If the U.S. were greedy, landgrabbing colonialists, then why didn't they grab Hawai'i sooner? They weren't. Did the United States overthrow the Monarchy? No, the Morgan Report exonerated the U.S. soldiers and agents of any involvement in the Revolution of 1893. I suggest you look at the Committee of Safety and the Honolulu Rifles. There were 1,100 - 1,600 angry hawaiians who overthrew Queen Lili'uokalani after she attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. Some Hawaiians wanted to maintain the monarchy, some wanted a republic and some wanted annexation. Was Hawai'i an American colony? No, it was a country that got annexed by the U.S. after the Revolution of 1893 led to the creation of a provisional government and later the Republic of Hawaii. The rebels had control of the government and requested annexation. Did some colonists object to secession from the British Empire? Yes. Did some Texans object to annexation? Yes. Did some Californians object annexation? Yes. Did some kanaka object to Kamehameha's conquest of Hawai'i? Yes. Does it matter? No, the government decides what happens with the territory. There's no requirement for public referendum or plebiscite. Did 93% of Hawaiian voters choose statehood? Yes. Do native hawaiians have the same rights as U.S. citizens? Yes, the Organic Act of 1900 gave everyone U.S. citizenship and the Statehood act allowed them to have congressional representations and to vote in federal elections. See, it's not a colony ;)
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  460.  @tieyiklunmliu  It wasn't a colony. Clearly, you don't know what a colony is ;) And, no, the United States didn't conquer Hawai'i. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  461.  @tieyiklunmliu  Dp you know why there was a large wealth gap between kanaka maoli and westerners in Hawai'i? Because of the legacy of its feudal caste system. The Great Mahele of 1848 was the biggest land policy failure of Hawaiian Kingdom history. The king, ali'i and konohiki screwed over the maka'ainana and took all the land for themselves. Only less than 1% of the maka'ainana got land, which was about 30,000 acres. The powerful kanaka monarchy and nobility class got 4 million acres. 1 million for the King, 1.5 million for the government and 1.5 million for the nobility. Even worse, the kanaka elitists mismanaged their finances and sold off a great deal of land to foreigners to repay debts. The allodial land rights were designed to protect powerful kanaka while the actual land policies screwed over the common folk, the real hawaiians, the ones who actually managed and cultivated the land for generations. There are many protesters who complain about their "allodial" rights because they're hungry for a huge windfall based on genealogical claim... because their ancestors exploited their own people for great personal gain. The feudal lords of chiefdom days became the royal nobility of the Hawaiian Kingdom. And the exploitation didn't stop. The Great Mahele was a Great Crime of kanaka-on-kanaka fraud. The āina is life, mana, wealth, prosperity and happiness. The kanaka royalty and nobility classes stole all the land and screwed over the commoners, who had tended the ahupua'a for generations. They put native hawaiians behind the eight ball.
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  462. President Cleveland asked Congress to investigate alleged U.S. involvement in the Revolution of 1893. The Senate Committee on Foreign Relations released the Morgan Report, which exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing. Cleveland withdrew all his support to reinstate Lili'uokalani, reestablished diplomatic relations with the Republic of Hawaii and negotiated treaties with them.
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  463. Did you think this video was accurate? The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  464. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet, Xinjiang, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. Lol
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  465. Hawai'i wasn't stolen or invaded by the United States. Lol
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  466. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  467. Hawai'i is free. We all have the same rights and opportunities as every other American citizen.
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  468. The TMT is being constructed at 13,200 ft, which is one mile away and 600 ft in elevation below from the holy summit. The TMT conservation district use permit legally requires that FIVE observatories be removed in exchange for ONE new one. That's a great compromise!
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  469. Hawai'i is nothing like Taiwan, Tibet or Hong Kong. Lol
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  470. Not quite. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  471. The British and American traders already worked with Native Hawaiians for 30 years before any missionaries arrived to Hawai'i. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old, ancestral religion, commanded all heiau to be destroyed and terminated the harsh, oppressive kapu religious law six months before the arrival of missionaries. The missionaries taught kanaka maoli how to read and write, gave them a written language (invaluable!), and educated them. Missionaries do a lot of other things, besides preach. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  472.  @alapakeheanu4776  Brah, in 1893, Japanese intellectuals viewed native hawaiians as dojin, a derogatory term for 'land people'. The Japanese considered native hawaiians as mentally, physically and culturally inferior. By that time, Japan was entering its period of modernization, imperialism and colonialism. They felt that the Pacific Islanders needed to be guided by a more advanced people. Hawai'i was an invaluable, strategic location for economic, political and military power in the Pacific.
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  473. British and American traders were working with Hawai'i for thirty years before the missionaries arrived. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old religion, commanded all heiau to be destroyed and ended the harsh, oppressive kapu religious law SIX MONTHS before any missionaries arrived. This video's a joke. Also, many countries are suspicious of the Chinese government ;)
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  474. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  475. Hawai'i is nothing like Taiwan, Tibet or Hong Kong. Did you actually believe that the U.S. stole Hawai'i because you watched a short YouTube video with sexy maps? Lol
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  476. Meh, what arse has China kicked? Their country is very much agricultural and underdeveloped, economy has greatly slowed down and they haven't fought/won any major wars to flex their domestic or international strength. Taiwan is still free and independent. It's hard to call them a 'rising empire'.
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  477. Politically, the Apology Resolution was intended to help pave the way for federal tribal recognition of the Native Hawaiian people, just like the Native Americans. Legally, it had no effect on any settlement against the United States and didn't alter or modify the purity of land title own by the State of Hawaii. The Apology Bill doesn't support the hawaiian independence activists desire for secession and sovereignty. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the resolution was written with conciliatory and precatory language, not legal language that confers rights or acts as legislation. The Apology Resolution was an opinion statement, not a legal one. If you want federal recognition of the kanaka (similar to the Akaka Bill), then the Apology Bill is an olive branch that can be used to start that process. The Apology Bill doesn't legally support the hawaiian independence movement. The U.S. President, Congress and Military never enacted (or admitted) a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Government. The Apology Bill apoligized for the role that some U.S. citzens and expatriates played in the hawaiian revolution that overthrew the monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by a bloodless and peaceful coup of wealthy and powerful haole, who were denizens, citizens and royal subjects, of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The Morgan Report refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing since they didn't participate in the overthrow, support the hawaiian insurgents in any way and didn't act aggressively or violently against the monarchy. The Morgan Report was 1,176 pages of public interviews on all sides, with cross-examination and under oath (which the Blount Report did not do). The Apology Resolution is just a 5 page opinion statement full of 'whereas' clauses. It doesn't even remotely come close to refuting the Morgan Report.
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  478. The U.S. didn't steal Hawai'i. Lol
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  479. This video had a lot of historical inaccuracies, half truths and propaganda.
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  480. Wow, that's a lot of BS, all in one post. The U.S. didn't 'steal' Hawai'i. Lol
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  481. Hawai'i is fee :D
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  482. There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 ✔✔✔
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  483.  @matalimanaito6341  The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  484.  @matalimanaito6341  Kamehameha V overthrew the government in 1864. He prorogated the legislature, abrogated the constitution and unilaterally created his own constitution, and increased the monarchy's power, which was illegal. Sound familiar? Queen Lili'uokalani tried to do the same thing. First, she tried to ammend the existing 1887 Constitution, but she repeatedly failed. Her supporters wanted her to do the same as Kamehameha V and just 'proclaim' a new constitution. She drafted the Constitution of 1893, but her Ministers wouldn't sign it because it was illegal and would cause civil unrest (i.e. riots and/or rebellion). Some of her ministers informed her political opponents about her scheme... and the rest is history. The Queen never submitted her Constitution for approval by the Legislature. She just wanted to proclaim the old one was dead and HER new one was the new law of the land, which was very illegal. It was a reckless power grab that cost her the throne.  Kamehameha V was also the first to impose property, income and literacy tests for voting. He ended universal suffrage in 1864, well before the 1887 Constitution. King Kalākaua wasn't physically forced to sign the 1887 Constitution. His political enemies threatened to overthrow him if he didn't make political concessions. They didn't storm Palace 'Iolani and force him to sign a new constitution. Kalākaua had a weak government. He couldn't defend against their intimidation tactics. Instead of directly dealing with his problem via political negotiation/compromise, police response or military action,  he asked his international allies (United States, Great Britain, France, Japan, and Portugal) to help him, but they advised that he agree to the terms set by the Hawaiian League. He capitulated. No one physically put a gun to his head or bayonet to his throat. He conceded in order to save his throne. He didn't assert his authority and defend his government. Kalākaua was already a timid ruler and acted like a figurehead before the Revolution of 1887 even happened. Historically, there have been many civil/uncivil protests/riots/rebellions/revolutions that have changed politics, policy and government. The Right to Revolution goes all the way back to John Locke and even earlier. By its nature, every revolution is 'illegal' from the perspective of the side who lost. The Queen and Hui Kālaiʻāina opposed the 1887 Constitution. They wanted to amend it and regain power. They organized a petition for a new constitution. Lili'uokalani claimed that "out of a possible 9500 registered voters, 6500, or two-thirds, had signed these petitions" and she couldn't ignore their request and be "deaf to the voice of the people, which tradition tells us is the voice of God." Unfortunately, the petitions have been lost to history, only a small, incomplete part remains. Queen Lili'uokalani repeatedly tried to ammend the 1887 Constitution, but all her efforts failed. So she tried a very risky and illegal move. She wanted to abrogate the existing constitution, prorogate the legislature, unilaterally make her own, promulgate it via (magical) royal proclamation and defend her revolution with the military. This was very illegal and unconstitutional. And it backfired on her - very badly. She instigated her own overthrow. She used the 'will of the people' as a pretense for a power grab.
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  485. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet. Lol
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  486. Or How Every Piece of Land was Stolen from Someone Else😊
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  487. The U.S. didn't 'steal' Hawai'i.
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  488. Brah, the Hawaiian Kingdom, as a country, existed for 50 years. Furthermore, Kamehameha conquered all the island chiefdoms and 'unified' them by 1810, which means that an independent, unified Hawai'i existed for 83 years. The U.S. didn't bully Hawai'i. Lol. In fact, the U.S. and Great Britain were it's strongest allies, which is why Ka Hae Hawai'i has the union jack and red, white and blue stripes on it. Kamehameha tried really hard to endear himself to both of those western powers. Hawai'i even sought U.S. protectorate status and annexation over 50 years BEFORE the Revolution of 1893 happened. Later, in 1898, the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation and the U.S. accepted the offer. Where was the 'bullying'?
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  489. The United States is considered to be a huge melting pot of different cultures. And Hawai'i is a multiethnic, multinational and multicultural society. The Hawaiian Kingdom was constructed by kanaka, westerners and asians. Kamehameha would never have been able to conquer the island chiefdoms if he didn't have great western help (weapons, supplies, tactics, training, counsel and combat support). Hawaiian Kings blended western systems (education, religious, economics, political and military) with native hawaiian traditions. The kanaka, westerners and asians were kama'āina. They were all denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Kingdom. Obviously, when two cultures meet, there's going to be a great deal of cross-pollination. The U.S. didn't destroy Hawaii's culture.
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  490. Brah, you don't even know Hawaiian history. Western traders were interacting with kanaka maoli for about 30 years before the first missionaries arrived. You watched one slick propaganda video and thought you learned somethin'. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  491. After that: How Native Americans stole land from other Native Americans. Followed by: How your home was stolen from someone else.
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  492. ​ @AceXINFAMY  Woke politics is the political movement that believes racism inherently exists in existing sociopolitical system and that equity must be given to minority groups that have been negatively impacted. It's a social movement that, like any political ideology, can be extremist or nearsighted. Like any politics, people are too focused on 'my is side right, your side is wrong'. Sometimes cnversations can be toxic, where people are willing to yell and condemn, but they don't listen and engage in healthy, civil discourse. History is often very complex and messy, but political activists will sometimes engage in historical revisionism, misrepresentation or, even worse, propaganda.
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  493.  @AceXINFAMY  No, that's not what I said. Lol. Please don't try and put words in my mouth. Maybe you should re-read my original post? Everyone supports equality. The problem with woke politics (just like every other political ideology) is extremism, lack of critical thinking, misinformation, confirmation bias, echo chambers, mob mentality, uncivil discourse, propaganda, etc. History is often misrepresented, historically revised, and replaced with political lies. That doesn't help promote an honest and objective conversation with fair and effective solutions. One of the most controversial aspects of woke activism is the concept of 'social equity'. Social equity 'recognizes that each person has different circumstances and allocates the exact resources and opportunities needed to reach an equal outcome.' Some people oppose the idea of social equity because they believe that social equality is sufficient for a fair and just society. If you were playing a videogame and one player was given extra life, resources, etc (that they didn't earn), then would you think the game is 'fair'. Everyone should be able to work hard, accomplish greatness and be recognized for their achievements. Others believe that special groups need to be given a social handicap where they get special treatment and extra resources, often at the expense/detriment of other groups. There's no problem with creating social initiatives to promote other groups, but it can be debated how much is too much/little and where does it cross the line and become unfair/unjust for all citizens. Social equity is extremely controversial. Almost every American is an immigrant or descendant of immigrants from other countries who left their homelands, where they suffered hardships or injustice, and they immigrated to the United States. They hoped to work hard to better themselves, their families and communities. Many Americans support equality, but not some of the radical ideas of woke politics.
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  494.  @Cataquack823  The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch. There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 ✔✔✔ There was no genocide in Hawai'i.
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  495.  @TOFKAS01  The U.S. soldiers (162 marines and SAILORS - Lol) didn't actively participate in the Revolution of 1893. They were given strict orders of neutrality as a peacekeeping force to protect American lives and property from potential violent, civil unrest. They marched past 'Iolani Palace, saluted the Queen and lowered their flag as an international sign of neutrality. Then they returned to their barracks and did nothing of import. The U.S. soldiers (162 Lol) didn't surround any government buildings, raid any offices, patrol any streets, offer any material aid to the rebels and didn't engage in any fire fights. Meanwhile, Queen Lili'uokalani was more concerned about 1,100 - 1,600 armed, angry, hawaiian militiamen (denizens, citizens and royal subject of Hawai'i) who were there to overhrow her for attempting an illegal and unconstitutional power grab.
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  496. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli. There was no U.S. 'brutality' inflicted upon native hawaiians. Lol
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  497.  @dddddd-mm5nu  Not at all. Lol.. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  498.  @dddddd-mm5nu  Yeah, sure dude, history is never that simple, cut-and-dry, black-and-white. Lol. Queen Lili'uokalani even admitted in her OWN book, Hawaii's History, that she tried to overthrow the government. She even included a copy of her her formal, written testimony to Commissioner Blount in Appendix B: Early in January I mentioned to Captain Nowlein of the household guards, and Mr. Wilson the marshall, my intentions to promulgate a new constitution, and to  prepare themselves to quell any riot or outbreak from the opposition. They assured me they would be ready; and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy... As you can clearly see, the Queen instigated her own overthrow. She even admitted it in her own testimony and book. The Hawaiian Kingdom was built (from start to finish) by kanaka, westerners and asians. They were kama'āina. Her political opponents found out about her secret plot. Then they organized, mobilized and led a successful counter-revolution to overthrow her. The Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles were denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Kingdom. There were 1,100 - 1,600 armed rebels who took control of the government (not the U.S).  The Queen was definitely concerned about the large, local (hawaiian) insurgent force that assembled to challenge her government. And what happened? She got cold feet, surrendered and yielded control to the rebels (who formed a new government). The U.S. didn't 'invade' Hawai'i. It landed 162 marines and SAILORS (Sailors! Lol) as a peacekeeping force who were given strict orders of neutrality. They didn't actively participate in the revolution. They just chilled in their barracks. That's not an 'invasion' force. Can you name a major battle or war between the U.S. and Hawai'i? Nope.  Captain Wiltse of the U.S.S. Boston gave these instructions to Commander Swinburne of the American troops: You will take command of the battalion and land in Honolulu for the purpose of protecting our legation, consulate, and the lives and property of American citizens, and to assist in preserving public order. Great prudence must be exercised by both officers and men, and no action taken that is not fully warranted by the condition of affairs and by the conduct of those who may be inimical to the treaty rights of American citizens. That's not an invasion plan. Did the American soldiers help the insurgents or engage in any firefights? No, there was no violence against American life or property. There was no civil war requiring their intervention. They maintained their neutrality during a crisis and were successful with their peacekeeping mission. Maybe you should try researching more before believing a cute youtube vid full of historical inaccuracies, half-truths and propaganda.😄👌
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  499.  @dddddd-mm5nu  What do you think is more 'scary'? 162 U.S. marines and sailors chilling in their barracks, doing nothin? Or 1,100 - 1,600 armed militiamen (who were your royal subjects) wanting to overhrow YOU because you tried an illegal and unconstitutional power grab? Lol. There are no accounts (on either side) of American soldiers actively participating in the revolution. President Cleveland was a great friend of Lili'uokalani who demanded that she be reinstated. He even sent warships to visibly prepare for a land invasion of Hawai'i, but the new government refused to yield to their intimidation tactics. Cleveland asked Congress to investigate alleged U.S. involvement in the Revolution of 1893. The Senate Commiton on Foreign Relations released the Morgan Report, which exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing. Cleveland withdrew his support to reinstate the former queen, reestablished diplomatic relations with the Republic of Hawaii and negotiated treaties with them.
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  500.  @dddddd-mm5nu  There are HUGE differences between Native Hawaiians and Native Americans. They're not the same. Did the United States fight any major battles or wars with the Hawaiian Kingdom? Nope. In 1851, during the French Crisis, King Kamehameha III requested annexation by the U.S., but (ironically) Secretary of State Daniel Webster declined. In 1893, the U.S. did not accept the Provisional Government's annexation request. Wow! If the U.S. were greedy land thieves, then they would've snatched it up in 1851 or 1893. In 1898, FIVE years after the overthrow, the U.S. finally accepted the Republic of Hawaii's annexation request. This doesn't sound like a simple 'land grab'.😉
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  501. Which countries has the U.S. grabbed in the past one hundred years? Lol
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  502.  @IloveTS13haha  Thank You very much for the discussion. There we many unfortunate things that happened in the Philippines. God Bless.
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  503.  @kurtbrandso2087  The U.S. already had exclusive naval rights to Pearl Harbor via the Treaty of Reciprocity 1887, six years before the overthrow. In 1851, during the French Crisis, King Kamehameha III requested annexation by the United States, but (ironically) Secretary of State Daniel Webster declined. Lol
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  504. Would you prefer in the name of autocratic monarchies and subjugation?
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  505. The U.S. didn't conquer and take over Hawai'i. Lol. Did the U.S. fight any wars with the Hawaiian Kingdom? No. Hawai'i isn't like Puerto Rico. We have Statehood ;)
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  506. Can you vote? Then it's a democracy. After you live in a fascist state, then you'll know what fascism is. The United States is awesome!
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  507. Can you handle the truth? The Hawaiian Kingdom was constructed by kanaka, westerners and asians. Kamehameha would never have been able to conquer the island chiefdoms if he didn't have great western help (weapons, supplies, tactics, training, counsel and combat support). Hawaiian Kings blended western systems (education, religious, economics, political and military) with native hawaiian traditions. The kanaka, westerners and asians were kama'āina. They were all denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Kingdom.
    1
  508.  @fredyy2514  Every civilization has used debt traps (and many other clever tools of persuasion and control). Did you think Great Britain invented the debt trap? That's as old as the first negotiation from one human to the next. As soon as one man used his cunning to defeat/exploit another, the debt trap came into existence... just like fire. Lol
    1
  509.  @absurd_patience  <--- Found the racist. Do you even have a counterargument? Or is it just racism 💯 with you?
    1
  510.  DL  Yea, I heard that crazy conspiracy theory from some kanaka. Between 1834-1948, there were over 100 different Hawaiian language newspapers. There isn't any historical evidence that supports that false claim that the military was hunting/assassinating royal family. There are no Native Hawaiian newspaper articles or reports that talk about intentional murder of the Ali'i or Mo'i. When you ask them for evidence with primary sources, they have nothing but empty pockets. Always research deeply whatever people tell you. Hawai'i is full of bonker theories.
    1
  511.  @sandilemfeka4658  Please read my response to Mark Mendez. Hawai'i was a Constitutional Monarchy with rules on how land could be purchased and leased. The Great Māhele land program also increased the opportunity for land purchase and leased. Historically, Hawai'i was never a U.S. colony. Do you know the history of Hawai'i?
    1
  512.  @TheFlyingFish692  The Native Hawaiian population was destroyed due to foreign disease, which killed 95% of the population (very similar to Native Americans). And it took a few decades to happen. Blame it on Mother Nature. There was no U.S. or European genocide in Hawai'i. This is all common knowledge. Lol 😄
    1
  513.  @TOFKAS01  The Russians did build several forts on Kauai. Lol. And I did accidentally find and read a Russia Today article that lamented that Russia missed a great 'opportunity' with Hawai'i. Hawai'i is a great strategic location for economic, political and military power. Many countries would love that territory because it's in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.
    1
  514. The U.S. didn't commit any war crimes in Hawai'i. What are you talking about? Lol
    1
  515.  @gamerabossb1777  This videos about Hawai'i. Again, the U.S. didn't commit any war crimes in Hawai'i.🙂
    1
  516.  @wilcowen6284  Prince Kūhio even authored the first Hawai'i Statehood bill in 1819. Native Hawaiians lobbied hard for Statehood. In 1959, 93% of voters choose Statehood over remaining a territory.
    1
  517. Politically, the Apology Resolution was intended to help pave the way for federal tribal recognition of the Native Hawaiian people, just like the Native Americans. Legally, it had no effect on any settlement against the United States and didn't alter or modify the purity of land title own by the State of Hawaii. The Apology Bill doesn't support the hawaiian independence activists desire for secession and sovereignty. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the resolution was written with conciliatory and precatory language, not legal language that confers rights or acts as legislation. The Apology Resolution was an opinion statement, not a legal one. If you want federal recognition of the kanaka (similar to the Akaka Bill), then the Apology Bill is an olive branch that can be used to start that process. The Apology Bill doesn't legally support the hawaiian independence movement. The U.S. President, Congress and Military never enacted (or admitted) a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Government. The Apology Bill apoligized for the role that some U.S. citzens and expatriates played in the hawaiian revolution that overthrew the monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by a bloodless and peaceful coup of wealthy and powerful haole, who were denizens, citizens and royal subjects, of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The Morgan Report refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing since they didn't participate in the overthrow, support the hawaiian insurgents in any way and didn't act aggressively or violently against the monarchy. The Morgan Report was 1,176 pages of public interviews on all sides, with cross-examination and under oath (which the Blount Report did not do). The Apology Resolution is just a 5 page opinion statement full of 'whereas' clauses. It doesn't even remotely come close to refuting the Morgan Report.
    1
  518.  @ralphiemcdingus2075  The U.S.S. Boston never pointed its gun at Honolulu or at any other Hawaiian target. Lol. There's no historical account, on either side, that American soldiers actively participated in the Revolution of 1893.
    1
  519. Nah, Hawai'i wasn't stolen. Lol. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  520. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet.
    1
  521. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  522. There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 ✔✔✔
    1
  523.  @hawaiianhistory1012  Politically, the Apology Resolution was intended to help pave the way for federal tribal recognition of the Native Hawaiian people, just like the Native Americans. Legally, it had no effect on any settlement against the United States and didn't alter or modify the purity of land title own by the State of Hawaii. The Apology Bill doesn't support the hawaiian independence activists desire for secession and sovereignty. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the resolution was written with conciliatory and precatory language, not legal language that confers rights or acts as legislation. The Apology Resolution was an opinion statement, not a legal one. If you want federal recognition of the kanaka (similar to the Akaka Bill), then the Apology Bill is an olive branch that can be used to start that process. The Apology Bill doesn't legally support the hawaiian independence movement. The U.S. President, Congress and Military never enacted (or admitted) a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Government. The Apology Bill apoligized for the role that some U.S. citzens and expatriates played in the hawaiian revolution that overthrew the monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by a bloodless and peaceful coup of wealthy and powerful haole, who were denizens, citizens and royal subjects, of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The Morgan Report refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing since they didn't participate in the overthrow, support the hawaiian insurgents in any way and didn't act aggressively or violently against the monarchy. The Morgan Report was 1,176 pages of public interviews on all sides, with cross-examination and under oath (which the Blount Report did not do). The Apology Resolution is just a 5 page opinion statement full of 'whereas' clauses. It doesn't even remotely come close to refuting the Morgan Report. The NEA is a very liberal and progressive organization. I have read their three part series (articles) on Hawai'i and it's full of misinformation, half-truths and propaganda. Do you know why? Because it was written by Dr. David Keanu Sai (guest writer). That's already a HUGE warning sign. A PhD thesis paper is NOT irrefutable (especially in the field of political science). Malama pono.😁
    1
  524. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The United States never fought any wars or battles against the Hawaiian Kingdom. Is 'brown-on-brown' violence now magically 'okay'?
    1
  525. Are you sure? The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  526.  @TOFKAS01  There was no 'brutal occupation' or even an 'occupation' in Hawai'i. Brah, if Americans have to give up Hawai'i, Oklahoma and other territory, then kanaka and first peoples need to go back to Southeast Asia and Eurasia. Lol
    1
  527. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet. Lol
    1
  528.  @112313  The Americans didn't 'invade' Hawai'i. Lol. Can you name any major battles or wars between the United States and Hawaiian Kingdom? Nope. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  529. Hawai'i wasn't colonized by the United States.
    1
  530.  @charleshong5610  Hawai'i had many large military bases, which were very important to the U.S. war effort in the Pacific Theater during World War II. The U.S. never invaded or went to war with the Hawaiian Kingdom. There were no major battles, fighting or casualties. Based on the Rebels, Royalists and American accounts, the U.S. soldiers weren't physically involved in the Revolution of 1893. China, on the other had, launched a full scale, REAL military invasion and conquered Tibet. Many Tibetans were killed and wounded.
    1
  531.  @charleshong5610  In 1950, during the Battle of Chamdo, the People's Liberation Army had 40,000 soldiers who invaded and conquered Tibet. There were 3,341 Tibetans who were killed, wounded, surrendered, captured, or defected. Meanwhile, in Hawai'i, the U.S.S. Boston only landed 162 marines and sailors (sailors - Lol) who were given strict orders of neutrality. They didn't fight, kill, wound or capture anyone. Zero. The U.S. military didn't actively participate in the overthrow of the monarchy. Even Queen Lili'uokalani and her royalists testified to Commissioner Blount that the U.S. military didn't fight or participate in the Revolution of 1893. The PLA invaded and conquered Tibet.
    1
  532.  @charleshong5610  No, that's not factual. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch. The Chinese military, on the other hand, invaded and conquered Tibet with a large military campaign where many Tibetans were killed, injured and captured.
    1
  533. The United States never banned 'olelo hawai'i.
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  534. British and Americans were trading with Hawai'i for thirty years before any missionaries arrived. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old, ancestral religion, commanded all heiau to be destroyed and terminated the harsh, oppressive kapu religious law six months before missionaries came to Hawai'i. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  535. He didn't actually tackle it. This vid is full of historical inaccuracies, half-truths and propaganda. It was more like a holding penalty. Lol
    1
  536. Ummm... Polynesians were invasive, alien species who arrived to Hawai'i (about a thousand years ago) in canoes. We aren't local. Lol
    1
  537. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet.
    1
  538. There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 ✔✔✔
    1
  539. Hawai'i wasn't colonized.
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  540.  @lux7264  Let's see if they actually were colonized... Did Kamehameha conquer and unify the islands on his own? No, he needed great help from westerners (British and Americans). Did the United States or Great Britain declare or claim Hawai'i as a colony? No. Did kanaka, westerners and asians build the country together? Yes, every step of the way. Were the westerners and asians denizens, citizens and royal subjects of Hawai'i? Yes. Did the westerners and asians live, work, pay taxes and support the Hawaiian Kingdom? Yes, the haole had a long history with Hawai'i from 1777 through 1893. Was the Hawaiian Kingdom a multiethnic, multicultural and multinational society? Yes. Did the Hawaiian Kingdom requested protectorate status or annexation from other countries? Yes. King Kamehameha wanted to make Hawai'i a British protectorate. King Kamehameha III requested annexation by the United States. King Kalākaua wanted to become a Japanese protectorate. Did the United States 'steal' Hawai'i? No, the U.S. declined an annexation request in 1851 and 1893. The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation in 1898 (five years after the monarchy's overthrow) and the U.S. accepted. If the U.S. were greedy, landgrabbing colonialists, then why didn't they grab Hawai'i sooner? They weren't. Did the United States overthrow the Monarchy? No, the Morgan Report exonerated the U.S. soldiers and agents of any involvement in the Revolution of 1893. I suggest you look at the Committee of Safety and the Honolulu Rifles. There were 1,100 - 1,600 angry hawaiians who overthrew Queen Lili'uokalani after she attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. Some Hawaiians wanted to maintain the monarchy, some wanted a republic and some wanted annexation. Was Hawai'i an American colony? No, it was a country that got annexed by the U.S. after the Revolution of 1893 led to the creation of a provisional government and later the Republic of Hawaii. The rebels had control of the government and requested annexation. Did some colonists object to secession from the British Empire? Yes. Did some Texans object to annexation? Yes. Did some Californians object annexation? Yes. Did some kanaka object to Kamehameha's conquest of Hawai'i? Yes. Does it matter? No, the government decides what happens with the territory. There's no requirement for public referendum or plebiscite. Did 93% of Hawaiian voters choose statehood? Yes. See, they weren't colonized.
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  541. The U.S. never invaded Hawai'i. Can you name a war or major battle between the U.S. and Hawaiian Kingdom? Nope.
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  542. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
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  543. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
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  544.  @ceruleanprince7139  The U.S.S. Boston landed 162 marines and SAILORS as part of a neutral, peacekeeping force. They didn't surround any buildings, raid any offices or take any physical, violent actions against the monarchy. Meanwhile, the Committee of Safety had a local, homegrown militia of 1,100 - 1,600 armed men. The Queen was more worried about the rebels at her gates than the U.S. soldiers chilling in their barracks.
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  545. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  546.  @ceruleanprince7139  Queen Lili'uokalani didn't have the constitutional power to declare a new constitution (on her own). Based on the constitution, she had to work with the Legislature to ammend the existing constitution. She tried to do it without them, which is a unilateral move. Kamehameha V overthrew the government in 1864. He prorogated the legislature, abrogated the 1852 Constitution, unilaterally created his own constitution and strengthened his autocratic powers (removed checks and balances, weakened power sharing and strengthened the king to be more like an absolute monarch), which was unconstitutional and illegal. Sound familiar? Queen Lili'uokalani tried to do the same thing. First, she tried to ammend the existing 1887 Constitution, but she repeatedly failed. Her supporters wanted her to do the same as Kamehameha V and just 'proclaim' a new constitution. She drafted the Constitution of 1893, but her Ministers wouldn't sign it because it was illegal and would cause civil unrest (i.e. riots and/or rebellion). Some of her ministers informed her political opponents about her scheme... and the rest is history. The Queen never submitted her Constitution for approval by the Legislature. She just wanted to proclaim the old one was dead and HER new one was the new law of the land, which was very illegal. It was a reckless power grab that cost her the throne.   King Kalākaua wasn't physically forced to sign the 1887 Constitution. His political enemies threatened to overthrow him if he didn't make political concessions. His political opponents didn't storm Palace 'Iolani and force him to sign a new constitution. Kalākaua had a weak government. He couldn't defend against their intimidation tactics. Instead of directly dealing with his problem via political negotiation/compromise, police response or military action,  he asked his international allies (United States, Great Britain, France, Japan, and Portugal) to help him, but they advised that he agree to the terms set by the Hawaiian League. He capitulated. No one physically put a gun to his head or bayonet to his throat. He conceded in order to save his throne. He didn't assert his authority and defend his government. Kalākaua was already a timid ruler and acted like a figurehead before the Revolution of 1887 even happened. Historically, there have been many civil/uncivil protests/riots/rebellions/revolutions that have changed politics, policy and government. The Right to Revolution goes all the way back to John Locke and even earlier. By its nature, every revolution is 'illegal' from the perspective of the side who lost. Lili'uokalani's Power Grab The Queen's draft of the 1893 Constitution had the following: - Members of the privy council, notary public, and agents would be able to run for the legislature. This was political double-dipping. For example, the Privy Council consisted of the King's cabinet ministers, who were politically aligned with the King. Queen Lili'uokalani wanted to allow her cabinet ministers to also be able to serve in the Legislature, which increases her political power. Also, it's fundamentally wrong to allow one person to serve in both the executive and legislative branches. - The Queen would be given the power to call meetings of the legislature. Queen Lili'uokalani tried to increase power for the sovereign (herself). - The Queen’s private lands and other property were made inviolable. The Kamehameha dynasty ended with Kamehameha V. Kalākaua and Lili'uokalani were no longer sovereigns with inviolable land and property. - The Queen would sign all bills before they became law. The 1887 constitution allowed the Legislature to repass bills with a two-thirds majority and overcome a sovereign's vetoe. Kalākua's reign was considered corrupt. The Legislative branch was given stronger, conditional approval authority. - Nobles would be appointed by the Queen instead of elected. Obviously, this gives more power to the sovereign because Lili'uokalani can appoint noblemen (instead of a more democratic election). The people would concede more power to the sovereign. - American and European residents, granted suffrage in 1887, would lose the right to vote. Voting rights would be taken away from a large demographic group. By 1893, the demographics of Hawai'i were roughly 1/3rd kanaka, 1/3rd westerners and 1/3rd asian. - The Queen would be able to appoint governors of each island for four years. More power for the sovereign. - Article 78 of the 1887 Constitution which required the monarch to perform "with the advice and consent of the Cabinet" was left out. This removed legislative checks-and-balances over the executive branch. If the Queen was proposing minor reforms, then her Constitution of 1893 wouldn't raise any eyebrows. But it wasn't minor. She was upset about the 1887 Constitution just like the westerners were upset about the 1864 Constitution. Queen Lili'uokalani was attempting a major power grab. The Legislature wasn't ready to pass the new constitution. The Revolution of 1887 had caused a significant power shift. Queen Lili'uokalani kept her plan secret, within her inner circle. She planned on proclaiming (surprise!!!🎉) a new constitution... and she ordered the military to put down any rebellion (that's a power play... and a bit tyrannical). That's a premidated crime. Unfortunately, someone leaked her plan. And the rest is history. Lili'uokalani instigated her own overthrow. Her plan was illegal. Sure, many kanaka would've approved of her power grab and many westerners opposed it. Nevertheless, she overstepped her constitutional powers and suffered the consequences. She's a victim of her own arrogance. The U.S.S. Boston deployed 162 marines and sailors as a peacekeeping force under commands of neutrality to protect American life and property. They didn't fight with the insurgents, raid any buildings or provide any material support. The Blount and Morgan reports didn't document any physicsl aggression by the U.S. soldiers. That's hardly a military invasion force. The Honolulu Rifles had a militia force of about 1,100 - 1,600 men. That, on the other hand, is a LARGE armed insurgency. The royalists had about 950 men, with about a dozen artillery pieces and a gatling gun. Queen Liliuokalani could've TRIED to defend her government from the revolution, but it would've been bloody. However, she got cold feet and chose to surrender because she thought (hoped) her friend Grover Cleveland would restore her government when he became President six weeks later. That was a grave miscalculation. She thought the U.S. would fight her battle. That was her responsibility to defend the homeland and she didn't.
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  547. The United States didn't invade Hawai'i. Hawai'i isn't the same as the Philippines.
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  548. ... Also the Lakota stole the Black Hills from the Cheyenene and many other tribes. Lol
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  549. Response :)
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  550. The Hawaiian Kingdom was a weak country that consistently depended on the help of stronger, more powerful nations. The Kingdom couldn't defend itself against the French Crisis, Russian incursion into Kauai, Captain Lord Paulet's annexation for Britain, Kalākua election riots, Revolution of 1864, Revolution of 1887, and Revolution of 1893. It always required help from foreign powers. Early on, Hawai'i wanted to become a British protectorate. In 1851, during the French Crisis, King Kamehameha III secretly requested annexation by the United States, but (ironically) the U.S. declined. King Kalākaua wanted to make Hawai'i a Japanese protectorate, but the Emperor declined. In 1893, the Provisional Government requested annexation, but the U.S. declined again. In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation by the U.S. (a third time by Hawaii!!!), but this time it accepted. And this was five years after the overthrow. This hardly looks like American aggression. Hawai'i was a feeble country that always needed the protection of a Big Brother. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
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  551.  @m.g.e2519  I'm glad you agree.😄
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  552. @YeahThatLiam The U.S. never stole Hawai'i. That gives me comfort.😁
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  553. President Sanford B. Dole of the Republic of Hawaii didn't start the Dole pineapple company. His cousin, James Dole, migrated to Hawai'i in 1899 after Hawai'i was annexed as a territory.
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  554.  @zihanzheng7569  The U.S. didn't just show up and take Hawai'i. The U.S. didn't fight any battles or wars with the Hawaiian Kingdom. Queen Lili'uokalani, the royalists, rebels and American soldiers all testified that the U.S. military didn't play an active part in the Revolution of 1893. The U.S. soldiers didn't surround any government buildings, raid any offices, patrol any streets, provide any material aid to the rebels or engage in any combat. The American soldiers marched past 'Iolani Palace, saluted the Queen, lowered their flag as a sign of international neutrality, retired to their barracks, chilled there and did nothing. The U.S. soldiers were sent from the U.S.S. Boston on a peacekeeping mission to protect American lives and property with strict orders of neutrality (in case there was civil war). There were only 162 soldiers (marines and SAILORS - Lol). Only 162! With sailors!!! Queen Lili'uokalani was more worried about the 1,100 - 1,600 Honolulu Rifles, a local Hawaiian militia, that was angry that the Queen attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. She instigated her own overthrow. Meanwhile, China conquered Tibet, which had been autonomous and independent for ~40 years. China sent the People's Liberation Army with 40,000 troops to conquer Tibet. During the Battle of Chamdo, over 3,000 Tibetans were killed, captured or wounded. The U.S. didn't kill any native hawaiians or engage in any war with the Hawaiian Kingdom. In 1893, the Provisional Government of Hawai'i requested annexation, but the U.S. declined. In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation and, this time, the U.S. accepted the offer (five years after the revolution). How exactly did the U.S. 'steal' Hawai'i??? Lol
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  555.  @Anytbing_lol  Satirical account? Lol. Queen Lili'uokalani admitted in her own book, Hawaii's Story, that she tried to overthrow the existing government and promulgate a new constitution. Queen Lili'uokalani: I told them it was my intention to promulgate a new constitution. At 12pm, I prorogued the legislature. Early in January I mentioned to Captain Nowlein of the household guards, and Mr. Wilson the marshall, my intentions to promulgate a new constitution, and to prepare themselves to quell any riot or outbreak from the opposition. They assured me they would be ready; and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy... Did you guys actually think the Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles overthrew her without a good reason???
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  556.  @Anytbing_lol  The book Hawaii's Story was written by Queen Lili'uokalani. 👑 Do you think that she isn't a good source? She was actually there...and... ummm... the Queen. That's her book. Lol Furthermore, the Native Hawaiians were also imperialistic, just like the United States and every other civilization. Human expansion is a common trait of all people.
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  557.  @damianjf6357  Mexico lost two separate wars to the Califonians, Texans and United States. The Republic of Texas declared it's independence from Mexico, defended itself and remained an independent country for 10 years before negotiating annexation by the United States. Mexico couldn't defend itself from the Comanche, let alone hold onto it's territory. The U.S. didn't fight any wars with Hawai'i. The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation and the U.S. accepted. Hawai'i, California and Texas are free. They enjoy being part of the United States.🤗❤️
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  558.  @Anytbing_lol  The U.S. didn't 'steal' Hawai'i. How is that 'bad' imperialism?
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  559.  @Anytbing_lol  If the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation by the United States and the U.S. accepted their offer, then how is it 'bad'? The Republic of Hawaii's legislature unanimously approved the annexation deal. The U.S. Senate and House of Representatives both ratified the annexation with a two thirds majority, which is stronger approval criteria than a treaty. The Republic of Hawaii and United States created a mutual, bilateral agreement that they both accepted, adhered to and enacted. That's not 'bad' imperialism. Lol
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  560.  @Anytbing_lol  The Revolution of 1893 involved 1,100- 1,600 rebels who were denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The kanaka, westerners and asians built the Hawaiian Kingdom from start to finish. Kamehameha would never have been able to conquer all the island chiefdoms without great western help (weapons, materials, tactics, counsel, training and combat support). Kamehameha rewarded Young and Davis with ali'i status, governorships, wealth and some even married into his family. The kanaka and haole are ohana and kama'āina. Hawaiian Kings intentionally blended western systems (education, religious, economic, political and military) with native hawaiian traditions. Demographically, in 1893, Hawai'i was roughly 1/3rd kanaka, 1/3rd westerner and 1/3rd asian. They were all kama'āina and subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom. Queen Lili'uokalani tried to overthrow the government, prorogate the legislature, abrogate the existing constitution, unilaterally create her own constitution, strengthen her autocratic powers and defend her revolution with military force (all highly unconstitutional and illegal). Her political opponents found out about her scheme, led a successful counter-revolution and overthrew the Queen head over heels. She was charged with treason, arrested, imprisoned and forced to abdicate the throne. Aloha 'Oe. Some people wanted to maintain the monarchy, some wanted to create a republic and some wanted annexation. Everyone didn't have to agree to annexation. When the American colonists wanted to rebel against the British Empire, there were some who wanted to remain loyal to the crown. When Kamehameha conquered the islands, there were many kanaka who didn't want to be conquered (obviously). When Texas and California were annexed by the United States, there were some Californians and Texans objected. The same applies to Hawai'i. The only thing that matters is who has majority control. The rebels were able to overthrow the monarchy, establish a provisional government and create a republic. The new government was able to defeat the royalists when they attempted a violent counter-revolution in 1895. The rest is history.
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  561.  @atatkk  Nah, no deal. The United States didn't steal Hawai'i. The history is far more complicated. However, if China gives the mainland back to Taiwan, then we can talk.😉
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  562. It's a huge myth that the Hawaiian language was banned/eradicated by the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii or United States. The Hawaiian Kingdom enacted an education policy that highly favored English before the overthrow of the monarchy in 1893. King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1855): "To foster education and widen every channel that leads to knowledge, is one of our most imperative duties... It is of the highest importance, in my opinion, that education in the English language should become more general, for it is my firm conviction that unless my subjects become educated in this tongue, their hope of intellectual progress, and of meeting the foreigners on terms of equality, is a vain one." King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1856) that he was satisfied with the Board of Education's progress on English instruction "It is particularly gratifying to know that instruction in the English language is prosecuted with so much success among my native subjects. I recommend you to make as liberal a provision for the support of this class of schools as the state of my Treasury will admit." And this Hawaiian Kingdom Policy was very successful in adopting the English language as the main language of education and instruction. 1881: 66% English, 33% Hawaiian 1887: 84% English,16% Hawaiian  1892: 95% English, 5% Hawaiian 1896: 97% English, 3% Hawaiian
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  563. You're right. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
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  564. Red People!!! Orange People!!! Yellow People!!! Green People!!! Blue People!!! Purple People!!! Black People!!!
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  565. How did the missionaries use religion to 'steal', 'kill' and 'destroy'?
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  566. Do you even know hawaiian history? The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  567. Did the U.S. fight a war with the Hawaiian Kingdom? Nope :)
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  568. The U.S. didn't steal Hawai'i.
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  569.  @TOFKAS01  The U.S. Constitution doesn't allow states to voluntarily secede. The U.S. civil war proved that it's very difficult. Hawai'i could only secede if 1) the U.S. allowed it (highly unlikely, because the majority of kanaka and haole like being American) or 2) Hawai'i defeated the U.S. and earned its independence (near impossible).
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  570. Not really. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  571. The U.S. didn't steal Hawai'i. If the U.S. is a virus, then so is your country. I doubt your history is great.🙃
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  572. The United States didn't invade, conquer or 'steal' Hawai'i. Do you want China to invade, conquer and steal Taiwan? Lol
    1
  573. Queen Lili'uokalani hid weapons on the grounds of 'Iolani Palace to support a counter-revolution. She was arrested, charged for treason and placed under house arrest inside the palace. And, before that, she attempted to abrogate the existing constitution, prorogate the legislature, unilaterally create her OWN constitution, strengthen her autocratic powers and use military force to defend her revolution, which was highly illegal and unconstitutional. She instigated her own overthrow and then tried to support a counter-revolution to reinstate her to the throne. How was she unjustly jailed?
    1
  574.  @eddted2876  Are you sure? Do you want to talk about Hawaiian history? The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  575.  @eddted2876  Of course I know what I'm talking about. Lol. Queen Lili'uokalani even admitted in her OWN book, Hawaii's Story, that she tried to overthrow the government. She admitted the same in her formal, written testimony to Commissioner Blount and she even included a copy of her testimony in Appendix B of her book. Did you think the Queen was overthrown for no reason???
    1
  576.  @mikeaskme3530  The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch. Mahalo.
    1
  577. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  578. Do you think the Chinese government is famous for their democracy, freedom/liberties, humanitarianism and peace-loving nature? Nope. Lol
    1
  579. @Material Girl The original post was trying to compare China and its territorial expansion to the U.S. and Hawai'i. We're not talking about African Americans. Stay on topic. Paying? Nobody's paying me to talk about the history of Hawai'i. That's a very weak clapback. Lol. What lies have I told? Do you even know Hawaiian history???
    1
  580. The U.S. didn't steal Hawai'i. Lol. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  581. That's hilarious... because the United States didn't actively participate in the Revolution of 1893... they didn't fire any shots or kill anyone... because they chilled in their barracks.
    1
  582. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  583. 'White' people didn't steal Hawai'i. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) That's 'brown' on 'brown' violence. The United States never fought any wars or battles with the Hawaiian Kingdom or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  584. There's no comparison between Hawaiian and Hong Kong. Can the people of Hong Kong peacefully protest without REAL fear of human rights violations? Hong Kong would love😍 to have the freedom and liberty of Hawai'i and American citizenship.
    1
  585. A slow immigration is not an invasion. Lol
    1
  586. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  587.  @johncher  Wake up! The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  588. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  589. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  590. Hawai'i wasn't stolen by the U.S. Lol
    1
  591.  @geraldarnoult  The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  592.  @geraldarnoult  What? Was that even a counterargument? So you're perfectly okay with Queen Lili'uokalani's illegal and unconstitutional power grab? And her plan to use the military to defend her revolution?
    1
  593. Hawai'i is nothing like Crimea. Russia had to fight an actual war to annex Crimea and take it from Ukraine. The U.S. didn't fight any wars or battles against the Hawaiian Kingdom.
    1
  594.  @r41n31  The U.S.S. Boston landed only 162 marines and sailors (SAILORS! - Lol) on a neutral, peacekeeping mission. Even Queen Lili'uokalani and her royalists stated that the American soldiers didn't actively participate in the Revolution of 1893. The U.S. soldiers didn't fight, patrol any streets, surround any government buildings, raid any offices or kill/hurt anyone. Zero bloodshed. They just chilled in their barracks... and did nothing. Also, those American soldiers only stayed for a very short period of time and returned to their ship. Can you name any wars or battles between the U.S. and Hawaiian Kingdom? Nope. Queen Lili'uokalani was more concerned about the 1,100 - 1,600 Honolulu Rifles (a local hawaiian militia) who were angry that the queen attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. Meanwhile, Russia had thousands of troops supporting the Ukranian insurgents. The Russian Navy even blockaded the port of Sevastopol. Many people died and were injured during the war. Hawai'i is nothing like Crimea. Your argument is pAtHeTiC. Lol
    1
  595. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli. Why should Americans be ashamed?
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  596.  @HaanBerry  King Kamehameha tried to make Hawai'i a British protectorate in the 1800s. Then King Kamehameha III requested annexation by the United States in 1851, but (ironically) Secretary of State Daniel Webster declined. Then King Kalākaua tried to make Hawai'i a Japanese protectorate in 1881, but the Emperor of Japan declined. Hawai'i was an unstable country that experienced a great deal of social, economic and political unrest. It always needed the help of a stronger Big Brother. When the Republic of Hawai'i requested annexation in 1898, the U.S. finally accepted (and it was FIVE years after the Revolution of 1893).
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  597.  @merlumili  Blindly? Study some Hawaiian history and not a YouTube video. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  598.  @merlumili  You watched an 11 minute, bootleg 'history' video, but you can't read a few short paragraphs about actual history. Lol
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  599.  @merlumili  You can stand by your opinion, but your opinion is weakly supported. History is never simple, black-and-white. It's very complex. The U.S. didn't do anything 'shameful'. There are HUGE differences between Native Hawaiians and Native Americans. The U.S. has done far more controversial things than annex a country that requested to be annexed. Lili'uokalani attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power play, but it backfired badly on her. Aloha 'Oe. Lol. The U.S. didn't actively participate in the overthrow or fight any wars with the Hawaiian Kingdom. I'm quite proud of that ;)
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  600. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli. Your land was stolen, too ;)
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  601. The Russians built some military forts in Kauai and the former King of Kauai wanted Russians to help declare independence from Kamehameha. I'm not joking!😂
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  602.  @kekukunairvine6627  The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  603.  @kekukunairvine6627  There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 ✔✔✔
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  604.  @kekukunairvine6627  Politically, the Apology Resolution was intended to help pave the way for federal tribal recognition of the Native Hawaiian people, just like the Native Americans. Legally, it had no effect on any settlement against the United States and didn't alter or modify the purity of land title own by the State of Hawaii. The Apology Bill doesn't support the hawaiian independence activists desire for secession and sovereignty. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the resolution was written with conciliatory and precatory language, not legal language that confers rights or acts as legislation. The Apology Resolution was an opinion statement, not a legal one. If you want federal recognition of the kanaka (similar to the Akaka Bill), then the Apology Bill is an olive branch that can be used to start that process. The Apology Bill doesn't legally support the hawaiian independence movement. The U.S. President, Congress and Military never enacted (or admitted) a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Government. The Apology Bill apoligized for the role that some U.S. citzens and expatriates played in the hawaiian revolution that overthrew the monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by a bloodless and peaceful coup of wealthy and powerful haole, who were denizens, citizens and royal subjects, of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The Morgan Report refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing since they didn't participate in the overthrow, support the hawaiian insurgents in any way and didn't act aggressively or violently against the monarchy. The Morgan Report was 1,176 pages of public interviews on all sides, with cross-examination and under oath (which the Blount Report did not do). The Apology Resolution is just a 5 page opinion statement full of 'whereas' clauses. It doesn't even remotely come close to refuting the Morgan Report. And, NO, the United Nations HAS NOT made a determination that the 'Hawaiian Kingdom' still exists.
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  605.  @kekukunairvine6627  The United Nations never declared that Hawaii was under military occupation. De Zayas reported in a memo that Hawaii was under a "strange form of occupation" by the U.S. However, he doesn't officially represent the U.N. He's a volunteer who had a short term as a United Nations Independent Expert on the Promotion of a Democratic and Equitable International Order. A spokesperson distanced the U.N. from the memo and said that "They are his own views and as such they should not have been sent out using our letterhead.” The United Nations made no officual statement in support of de Zayas. Later, de Zayas admitted that Hawaii is "formally part of the US". Dr. David Keanu Sai's website "hawaiiankingdom.org" omits all this material and pertinent information. No one has been able to prove in domestic or international courts that the Annexation of Hawaii was illegal for 126+ years. President Cleveland asked Congress to investigate alleged U.S involvement in Hawaii's Revolution of 1893. The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations released the Morgan Report, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerates the U.S. military and agents of any involvement. After the report was delivered, Cleveland withdrew all of his support to reinstate the deposed queen, reestablished diplomatic relations with the Republic of Hawaii and negotiated treaties with them. There's no U.S. or International Law of 1898 that states that a treaty (and only a treaty) must be used for annexation of foreign land. There's no U.S. or international law of 1898 that states a joint resolution can't be used for annexation. The Newlands Resolution was ratified with a two thirds majority by BOTH the Senate and House of Representatives, which exceeds the approval criteria of a treaty. Texas was annexed via joint resolution, set a legal precedent and it's 41 times bigger than Hawai'i. Kamehameha V overthrew the government in 1864. He prorogated the legislature, abrogated the 1852 Constitution, unilaterally created his own constitution and strengthened his autocratic powers (removed checks and balances, weakened power sharing and strengthened the king to be more like an absolute monarch), which was unconstitutional and illegal. Sound familiar? Queen Lili'uokalani tried to do the same thing. First, she tried to ammend the existing 1887 Constitution, but she repeatedly failed. Her supporters wanted her to do the same as Kamehameha V and just 'proclaim' a new constitution. She drafted the Constitution of 1893, but her Ministers wouldn't sign it because it was illegal and would cause civil unrest (i.e. riots and/or rebellion). Some of her ministers informed her political opponents about her scheme... and the rest is history. The Queen never submitted her Constitution for approval by the Legislature. She just wanted to proclaim the old one was dead and HER new one was the new law of the land, which was very illegal. It was a reckless power grab that cost her the throne.   King Kalākaua wasn't physically forced to sign the 1887 Constitution. His political enemies threatened to overthrow him if he didn't make political concessions. His political opponents didn't storm Palace 'Iolani and force him to sign a new constitution. Kalākaua had a weak government. He couldn't defend against their intimidation tactics. Instead of directly dealing with his problem via political negotiation/compromise, police response or military action,  he asked his international allies (United States, Great Britain, France, Japan, and Portugal) to help him, but they advised that he agree to the terms set by the Hawaiian League. He capitulated. No one physically put a gun to his head or bayonet to his throat. He conceded in order to save his throne. He didn't assert his authority and defend his government. Kalākaua was already a timid ruler and acted like a figurehead before the Revolution of 1887 even happened. Historically, there have been many civil/uncivil protests/riots/rebellions/revolutions that have changed politics, policy and government. The Right to Revolution goes all the way back to John Locke and even earlier. By its nature, every revolution is 'illegal' from the perspective of the side who lost.
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  606.  @kekukunairvine6627  There was no executive agreement between Queen Likiuokalani and President Cleveland to transfer sovereign control to the United States. There was no meeting where Cleveland formally accepted Liiuokalani's executive powers AND he never formally obligated the United States to reinstate her monarchy. The Queen tried to transfer her powers, but the U.S. never formally accepted them. Cleveland was a friend of Liliuokalani and he agreed to help mediate a solution to reinstate her. That all fell apart after the Queen refused to pardon the insurgents and demanded their execution (beheading). Furthermore, the insurgents were unwilling to reinstate the monarchy. Historically, executive agreements were considered politically binding to distinguish them from treaties which are legally binding. In the modern era, U.S. executive agreements are binding internationally if they are 1) negotiated and entered into under the president's authority in foreign policy, 2) as commander-in-chief of the armed forces, or from 3) a prior act of Congress. So far, so good right? Wait! It's too good to be true. President Cleveland didn't draft, review and sign one formal executive agreement document that clearly and concisely explained the what the agreement was (similar to proposing legislation, resolution or treaty) and gain Liliuokalani's approval signature. They just had a series of correspondence letters. They had a dicussion of how they could mutually tackle problems, but this falls short of a legal and binding agreement that imposes an enforceable obligation. FURTHERMORE, the modern power of executive agreement didn't exist until the Supreme Court decision of United States v. Pink (1942)._ Since the 1940s , the vast majority of international agreements have been completed by presidents as executive agreements rather than as treaties. This major policy evolution occurred without changes to the Constitution, though Supreme Court decisions and practice by the political branches have validated the change. Furthermore, the criteria for executive agreements was documented in the Department of State's Foreign Affairs Manual, which was published in 1980 per the Foreign Services Act. Independence activists frequently tries to take laws, processes and other legal ideas that existed AFTER 1898 to make a counterfeit argument. There were some people on both sides of this debate who used racist arguments to support/oppose annexation. Blount and Morgan both had checkered, racist pasts. However, the Morgan report was considered to be the more thorough and objective report because witness interviews happened in public under sworn oath and with cross examination and he interviewed participants from all sides, which had not happened in the Blount investigation. Many people criticized the integrity of Blount's investigation.
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  607.  @kekukunairvine6627  The Morgan Report is still the official, final word on the Revolution of 1893. Commissioner Blount was the only person who investigated and wrote the Blount Report. President Cleveland secretely appointed one (1) person to act on his behalf, delegated him a high level of authority and power, didn't receive Senate confirmation and he didn't even notify the Senate of his appointment. Cleveland gave one man paramount power and secret instructions to investigate the revolution and provisional government. And how did Blount conduct his investigation? He had private and informal conversations with royalists and annexationists. However, he only requested that royalists meet with him to give formal statements, which weren't under oath, and they were recorded by a stenographer to be later memorialized in the Blount Report. After only ONE WEEK in office, President Cleveland empowered ONE MAN to secretly conduct an investigation that was lopsided and lacked integrity. Cleveland was trying to reinstate his friend Liliuokalani as soon as possible. Blount falsely claimed that the United States military and agents overthrew the government. The U.S. President (Cleveland) was a Democrat and the Democrats had majority control of the Senate. The Senate Committee on Foreign Relations consisted of nine (9) members - five (5) Democrats and four (4) Republicans. The Blount Report involved one person while the Morgan Report involved a Committee of nine, non-partisan committee members of the Senate. The Committee on Foreign Relations required  that 1) witnesses from both sides (royalist and annexationist) undergo formal interview, 2) interviews occurred in open, public hearings, 3) witnesses were sworn under oath to tell the truth and 4) witnesses could be cross-examined. In contrast, Blount held formal interviews with only royalists, held secret, private meetings, didn't require testimony under oath and there was no cross-examination. The Morgan Report repudiated the Blount Report and exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing. The Senate Committee on Foreign Relations conducted a more objective, non-biased, transparent and procedural investigation than Blount. Even the dissenting monority opinion agreed that U.S. soldiers remained neutral during the overthrow. The Morgan Report is still, to this day, the official, last word and final government report on U.S. military involvement in the Hawaiian overthrow. Now, we get to international law. You can't take today's laws and use them to adjudicate historical events that happened before those laws even existed. Time machine, maybe? The law doesn't work that way. If it did, then do you know how many countries would be in trouble??? Everyone of them - even the Hawaiian Kingdom. Kamehameha committed many human rights violations when he stole all the land for his Kingdom (cough, empire, cough!). He was a warlord and imperialist that committed many war crimes, atrocities and human rights violations. Prior to modern international law, customary international law was based on natural law, was non-binding, lacked jurisdiction and was almost impossible to enforce between states. It was a loose patchwork of customs, norms and legal ideas that was informal. Customary international laws weren't coalesced, formalized, codified and, most importantly, accepted until the early 20th century, after the annexation. The applicable, formal, established multi-lateral laws of the Hague, Geneva Convention, International Court, etc didn't exist back in 1898. Customary international law had no teeth back then.
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  608. Early on, in the Hawaiian Kingdom, most schools were taught in the Native Hawaiian language with great help from missionaries, who recorded their language, taught them how to read and write and helped run the medium schools. Later, the Hawaiian Kingdom enacted an education policy that highly favored English before the overthrow of the monarchy in 1893. King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1855): "To foster education and widen every channel that leads to knowledge, is one of our most imperative duties... It is of the highest importance, in my opinion, that education in the English language should become more general, for it is my firm conviction that unless my subjects become educated in this tongue, their hope of intellectual progress, and of meeting the foreigners on terms of equality, is a vain one." King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1856) that he was satisfied with the Board of Education's progress on English instruction "It is particularly gratifying to know that instruction in the English language is prosecuted with so much success among my native subjects. I recommend you to make as liberal a provision for the support of this class of schools as the state of my Treasury will admit." And this Hawaiian Kingdom Policy was very successful in adopting the English language as the main language of education and instruction. 1881: 66% English, 33% Hawaiian 1887: 84% English,16% Hawaiian  1892: 95% English, 5% Hawaiian 1896: 97% English, 3% Hawaiian
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  609.  @mito88  The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
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  610. Even your country stole its land from someone else ;)
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  611.  @mito88  Hey, people claim that the U.S. 'stole' Hawai'i. The American soldiers did nothing during the Revolution of 1893. Compare that to Kamehameha's 20 year war campaign and conquest. Now, let's take a look at the Revolution of 1893... The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  612. Hawai'i wasn't colonized.
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  613.  @firm1z  Let me make it easier for you to understand... Did Kamehameha conquer and unify the islands on his own? No, he needed great help from westerners (British and Americans). He wouldn't have been able to conquer all the island chiefdoms without great western help (weapons, supplies, tactics, training, counsel and combat support). Did the United States or Great Britain declare or claim Hawai'i as a colony? No. Did kanaka, westerners and asians build the country together? Yes, every step of the way. Hawaiian Kings intentionally blended western systems (education, religious, economic, political and military) with native hawaiian traditions. Were the westerners and asians denizens, citizens and royal subjects of Hawai'i? Yes. Many migrated to Hawai'i, built their lives and had children in Hawai'i. They were kama'āina. Did the westerners and asians live, work, pay taxes and support the Hawaiian Kingdom? Yes, the haole had a long history with Hawai'i from 1777 through 1893. Was the Hawaiian Kingdom a multiethnic, multicultural and multinational society? Yes. Did the Hawaiian Kingdom requested protectorate status or annexation from other countries? Yes. King Kamehameha wanted to make Hawai'i a British protectorate. In 1851, King Kamehameha III requested annexation by the United States, but (ironically) the U.S. declined. King Kalākaua wanted to become a Japanese protectorate, but the Japanese emperor declined. Did the United States 'steal' Hawai'i? No, the U.S. declined an annexation request in 1851 and 1893. The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation in 1898 (five years after the monarchy's overthrow) and the U.S. accepted. President Cleveland asked Congress to investigate alleged U.S. involvement in the Hawaiian Revolution of 1893. The Senate Committee on Foreign Relations released the Morgan Report, which exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing. Cleveland withdrew his support to reinstate the former queen, reestablished diplomatic relations with the Republic of Hawaii and negotiated treaties with them. If the U.S. were greedy, landgrabbing colonialists, then why didn't they grab Hawai'i sooner? They weren't. Did the United States overthrow the Monarchy? No, the Morgan Report exonerated the U.S. soldiers and agents of any involvement in the Revolution of 1893. I suggest you look at the Committee of Safety and the Honolulu Rifles. There were 1,100 - 1,600 angry hawaiians who overthrew Queen Lili'uokalani after she attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. Some Hawaiians wanted to maintain the monarchy, some wanted a republic and some wanted annexation. Was Hawai'i an American colony? No, it was a country that got annexed by the U.S. after the Revolution of 1893 led to the creation of a provisional government and later the Republic of Hawaii. The rebels had control of the government and requested annexation. Did some colonists object to secession from the British Empire? Yes. Did some Texans object to annexation? Yes. Did some Californians object annexation? Yes. Did some kanaka object to Kamehameha's conquest of Hawai'i? Yes. Does it matter? No, the government decides what happens with the territory. There's no requirement for public referendum or plebiscite. Did 93% of Hawaiian voters choose statehood? Yes. Do Hawaiians share the same rights as everyone else? Yes, the Organic Act of 1900 gave U.S. citizenship to the Territory of Hawai'i and the State Admission Act of 1959 gave them full representation and voting rights in federal government. See, it's not a colony ;)
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  614.  @firm1z  Brah, the Hawaiian Kingdom wouldn't even exist without the westerners and asians. There was no colonization. The Hawaiian Kingdom was a COUNTRY that requested annexation/protectorate status from many different other countries (Great Britain, United States and Japan). Due to social, economic and political unrest, the political group that was pro-U.S. annexation eventually 'won'. That's not colonization. Colonies don't get equal rights and representation in government. Lol. The Republic of Hawai'i requested annexation and the United States accepted. Huge difference.
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  615. The story of Native Hawaiians is incredibly different than that of Native Americans. Native Hawaiians, Westerners and Asians worked together to build the country of the Kingdom of Hawaii. Hawai'i was built with a native foundation that incorporated western social, religious, economic and political systems. Native Americans would have loved to have this opportunity. There was no 'brutality' in Hawai'i. The Native Hawaiians did not fight bloody wars against one another.
    1
  616.  @jewelleryaddict  The United States didn't fight any bloody battles or wars against the Hawaiian Kingdom. Even Queen Lili'uokalani admitted in testimony and in her own autobiography book that the United States didn't actively participate in the Revolution of 1893. The Hawaiian Kingdom formally REQUESTED and negotiated annexation in the early 1850s, but the U.S. declined. When the Provisional Government of Hawai'i requested annexation in 1893, the U.S. declined. President Cleveland was good friends with Queen Lili'uokalani and he supported her reinstatement to the throne. The U.S., Great Britain and Japan even sent warships and threatened invasion to force the rebels to yield, but the rebels called their bluff. Cleveland requested a thorough investigation of what happened during the revolution. The world learned that Queen Lili'uokalani attempted to terminate the existing constitution, unilaterally create her own, strengthen her autocratic powers and defend her power grab with her Royal Guard, which was illegal and unconstitutional. After Cleveland learned about the details, the U.S. ceased its support for the Queen. When Hawai'i requested annexation in 1898, the U.S. finally accepted.
    1
  617. Robert Wilcox led the Revolution of 1895 to try and reinstate Lili'uokalani, but they lost (and, no, they weren't massacred - Lol).
    1
  618. And how Hawai'i stole Hawai'i. And your country stole your country. Lol
    1
  619. The U.S. didn't steal Hawai'i. Most people have a very simplified view of history.
    1
  620.  @ralphiemcdingus2075  Hawaiian activists lobbied hard for statehood. In 1819 , Prince Kūhio wrote the first Statehood bill. That's not a long time.
    1
  621. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet, Taiwan, Hong Kong, etc.
    1
  622.  @TOFKAS01  There were many native hawaiian and other activist groups that lobbied HARD for statehood. Prince Kūhio even wrote the first statehood bill in 1919. In 1959, 93% of voters chose statehood.
    1
  623. The U.S. didn't fight any 'horrendous wars' with Native Hawaiians. Lol. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The United States has never fought any wars or battles with the Hawaiian Kingdom or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  624. Exactly! Look at Donald Trump... and we still haven't had a Civil War or tried to take over the world. That's pretty damn impressive.😁👍 And, no, Americans aren't any more greedy, arrogant or illiterate than the rest of the world. The U.S. is still the number one superpower.. so we're not doing that bad.😉
    1
  625.  @dtoxicks  Germany almost conquered all of Europe. How many countries did it take to beat them? Are you honestly going to say that the U.S. isn't a superpower?!😂
    1
  626.  @dtoxicks  Germany was very technologicaly advanced and had a huge military buildup during World War II, which made them a very formidable adversary. Germany was stupid to attack Russia and the Japanese pulled the United States (who was isolationist) into World War II with an attack on Pearl Harbor. Had those two major events not happened, Germany would've probably defeated Western Europe's superpowers. Based on military strength, the U.S. is still a number one superpower. When World War III happens, who do you want in your corner? Russia? China? Everyone likes to criticize Americans, but Americans have spilt a lot of their own blood to fight and counter other superpowers.
    1
  627.  @dtoxicks  Did I say that the U.S. was invincible? The Texans defeated Mexico and then the U.S. defeated Mexico. Mexico defeated Spain, Spain defeated the Aztec Empire and the Aztec Empire defeated many indigenous city states (but you think that's okay - Lol). With all that being said, the U.S. didn't 'steal' Hawai'i. Can you name any wars or battles between the United States and the Hawaiian Kingdom? Nope.
    1
  628.  @dtoxicks  James Dole migrated to Hawai'i to start his fruit company in 1899, which was six years after the overthrow and one year after annexation. Lol. (This video was very stupid) The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  629. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet.
    1
  630. Hawai'i is nothing like Uyghur or Tibet. It's a huge myth that the Hawaiian language was banned/eradicated by the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii or United States. The Hawaiian Kingdom enacted an education policy that highly favored English before the overthrow of the monarchy in 1893. King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1855): "To foster education and widen every channel that leads to knowledge, is one of our most imperative duties... It is of the highest importance, in my opinion, that education in the English language should become more general, for it is my firm conviction that unless my subjects become educated in this tongue, their hope of intellectual progress, and of meeting the foreigners on terms of equality, is a vain one." King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1856) that he was satisfied with the Board of Education's progress on English instruction "It is particularly gratifying to know that instruction in the English language is prosecuted with so much success among my native subjects. I recommend you to make as liberal a provision for the support of this class of schools as the state of my Treasury will admit." And this Hawaiian Kingdom Policy was very successful in adopting the English language as the main language of education and instruction. 1881: 66% English, 33% Hawaiian 1887: 84% English,16% Hawaiian  1892: 95% English, 5% Hawaiian 1896: 97% English, 3% Hawaiian
    1
  631. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  632. Even the Polynesians were colonists. They traveled slowly across Oceana for thousands of miles and eventually colonized the remote Hawaiian Archipelago. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i, then the Tahitians came and took control, then the independent chiefdoms fought with one another over land, power and wealth for centuries, then Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes where he conquered and stole everything. He was a warlord and an imperialist. Then Kamehameha V overthrew the government in 1864, then the Hawaiian League overthrew the government in 1887, then Queen Lili'uokalani tried to overthrow the government in 1893, but it failed and she got overthrown by the Committee of Safety in a counter-revolution, it was annexed a few years later (1898) and became a state (1959, 93% vote in favor). Sometimes you're the winner and sometimes you're the loser. The U.S. didn't 'steal' Hawai'i.
    1
  633. Queen Lili'uokalani tried to prorogate the legislature, abrogate the existing constitution, unilaterally create her OWN constitution, strengthen her autocratic powers and defend her revolution with military force (which was highly illegal and unconstitutional)... but people found out about her secret scheme, organized, mobilized and overthrew her instead in a successful counter-revolution. She instigated her own overthrow. Aloha 'Oe.
    1
  634. Foreign disease killed over 90% of Native Americans.
    1
  635. Buddy, you have no idea how many wars Russia has fought and how many lands it has conquered in its long history. Hawai'i is nothing like Ukraine. The United States didn't fight any wars or battles against the Hawaiian Kingdom.
    1
  636.  @beccaminkin8399  Captain Cook discovered Hawai'i in 1778. Westerners were interacting with kanaka for 40 years BEFORE missionaries even arrived. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old, ancestral religion, commanded all the heiau to be destroyed and terminated the harsh, oppressive kapu religious legal system. The missionaries arrived six months later.
    1
  637.  @freejack1  Are you going to talk about native hawaiian religion, the ali'i, kahuna and harsh, oppressive kapu religious law? How about their feudal caste system and hereditary rule based on divine right? What about the oppression of the maka'āinana? Or native hawaiian war and violence? Lol
    1
  638.  @freejack1  You still dodged all the questions. Hawai'i had a feudal caste system where the mo'i (king) and ali'i (nobility chiefs) declared that they were the descendants of Akua (god) and had a divine right to rule. The maka'āinana (commoners) were subjugated and oppressed by harsh kapu (religious law) for generations. They were bound to their ahupua'a (parcels of land) and were property of the mo'i, ali'i and konohiki (landlords). There was very limited social mobility. Status was determined by your genealogy and what social level you had in society. At the bottom wrong, the Native Hawaiians even had the kauwā (slaves), who were treated as untouchables and used for human sacrifice during religious ceremonies. Before western contact, the kanaka maoli (native hawaiians) were engaged in over a hundred years of continuous, episodic warfare. They were supporting and fielding MASSIVE armies. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina (land), mana (power) and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole (foreigners) have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli. Captain Cook discovered Hawai'i in 1778. Westerners were interacting with kanaka for 40 years BEFORE missionaries even arrived. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old, ancestral religion, commanded all the heiau to be destroyed and terminated the harsh, oppressive kapu religious legal system. The missionaries arrived six months later. If you're going to talk about mo'olelo hawai'i (hawaiian history), then you need to cover it fairly. There's 'violence' in relgion because there's violence in humans.
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  639. Yes, Kamehameha did CONQUER all the island chiefdoms and he STOLE all their āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i with a brutal and lengthy military campaign (~20 years). That's robbery. Meanwhile, the United States never fought any wars or major battles with the Hawaiian Kingdom. The U.S. didn't 'steal' Hawai'i.
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  640. James Dole didn't migrate to Hawai'i to start his business until 1899 (six years after the Revolution of 1893).
    1
  641. With that attitude, then even your home was stolen, too. Lol. However, the U.S. didn't 'steal' Hawai'i. Many people over-simplify history.
    1
  642.  @anothergermanmapper7754  Yes, and most of those Celtic, German, etc civilizations had inter-tribal wars and wars with other civilizations/countries. Land has been 'stolen' many times. In North America, Native American tribes were no different. During the pre-columbian period, they fought wars, committed genocide and stole land from one another. Humans are humans. There's nothing different about any group.
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  643. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
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  644. What? Lol. Westerners were interacting with Native Hawaiians for 40 years BEFORE missionaries even arrived. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old ancestral religion, commanded all the heiau to be destroyed, terminated the harsh, oppressive kapu religious legal system and fought a war to defend his policies. The first missionaries arrived SIX MONTHS LATER. The missionaries didn't 'steal' Hawai'i.
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  645. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet. Go and compare them. Lol
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  646. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch. There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 ✔✔✔
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  647. His research is terrible. He omitted or misrepresented so many details. Johnny Harris is an activists and propagandist, not a historian who cares about objective and unbiased discussion of historical events.
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  648. @John Freddy We can talk about any part of Hawaii's history. We have to look at ALL perspectives to understand the real history. That way, we can remain objective and fair. History isn't simple, cut and dry and black and white. It's often complex and messy.
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  649.  @mixflip  How did that U.S. take over Hawai'i by force or coercion? Queen Lili'uokalani and her royalists admitted that the U.S. soldiers didn't play any active, aggressive, physical role in the Revolution of 1893. Meanwhile, the Honolulu Rifles stormed the capital with a large militia force and compelled the Queen to surrender.
    1
  650.  @mikeaskme3530  If were going to remember the past, then we need to remember all parts. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Lili'uokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  651.  @ballstate2473  The purpose of this video was to push an activist history full of inaccuracies, half-truths and propaganda.
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  652.  @gary.420  Do you think that the mo'i, ali'i and konohiki were innocent? Do you think Kings, Queens and Nobleman are generally good and charitable to their subjects? The Great Mahele of 1848 was the biggest land policy failure of Hawaiian Kingdom history. The king, ali'i and konohiki screwed over the maka'ainana and took all the land for themselves. Only less than 1% of the maka'ainana got land, which was about 30,000 acres. The powerful kanaka monarchy and nobility class got 4 million acres. 1 million for the King, 1.5 million for the government and 1.5 million for the nobility. Even worse, the kanaka elitists mismanaged their finances and sold off a great deal of land to foreigners to repay debts. The allodial land rights were designed to protect powerful kanaka while the actual land policies screwed over the common folk, the real hawaiians, the ones who actually managed and cultivated the land for generations. There are many protesters who complain about their "allodial" rights because they're hungry for a huge windfall based on genealogical claim... because their ancestors exploited their own people for great personal gain. The feudal lords of chiefdom days became the royal nobility of the Hawaiian Kingdom. And the exploitation didn't stop. The Great Mahele was a Great Crime of kanaka-on-kanaka fraud. The āina is life, mana, wealth, prosperity and happiness. The kanaka royalty and nobility classes stole all the land and screwed over the commoners, who had tended the ahupua'a for generations. They put native hawaiians behind the eight ball.
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  653.  Horner 37  Every home is built on stolen land. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  654.  Zod 23  There was no 'segregation', 'slaughter' or 'genocide' by the United States in Hawai'i. Now, that being said, almost every civilization is guilty of such actions (including the United States, Hawai'i and every other country). All you have to do is open up their history books. The kanaka have slaughtered, segregated and committed genocide upon other kanaka. Kamehameha is just one of many examples. The native hawaiian chiefdoms engaged in active, episodic and horrific warfare - long before any western contact. It is what it is, my friend.
    1
  655. The U.S. didn't 'steal' Hawai'i. Lol
    1
  656.  @KomainuKennels  Try again, brah.😁 The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  657.  @KomainuKennels  The Hawaiian Kingdom was a weak country that consistently depended on the help of stronger, more powerful nations. The Kingdom couldn't defend itself against the French Crisis, Russian incursion into Kauai, Captain Lord Paulet's annexation for Britain, Kalākua election riots, Revolution of 1864, Revolution of 1887, and Revolution of 1893. It always required help from foreign powers. Early on, Hawai'i wanted to become a British protectorate. In 1851, during the French Crisis, King Kamehameha III secretly requested annexation by the United States, but (ironically) the U.S. declined. King Kalākaua wanted to make Hawai'i a Japanese protectorate, but the Emperor declined. In 1893, the Provisional Government requested annexation, but the U.S. declined again. In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation by the U.S. (a third time by Hawaii!!!), but this time it accepted. And this was five years after the overthrow. This hardly looks like American aggression. Hawai'i was a feeble country that always needed the protection of a Big Brother.
    1
  658.  @KomainuKennels  Brah, you got no counterargument. LMAO!😂 The U.S. didn't steal Hawai'i. Clearly, you don't know mo'olelo hawai'i. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. That's thievery, island style.😉🌴 The U.S. never fought any wars or battles with the Hawaiian Kingdom or the kanaka maoli. In 1898 (five years after the Revolution of 1893), the Republic of Hawaii requested annnexation by the United States and the U.S. accepted. So, homie, how did the U.S. 'steal' Hawai'i??? They didn't. Lol Hawai'i is part of America. Bruh Moment.
    1
  659.  @KomainuKennels  You got no counterargument!😂 How did the U.S. steal Hawai'i??? Maybe you need to watch the video again. I don't know what's worse, this video or your troll game. You just can't handle reality. Thanos: Reality is often disappointing.😒
    1
  660. The missionaries came in 1819, long before the Revolution of 1893. Captain Cook visited Hawai'i in 1778. Westerners were interacting with native hawaiians for 40 years before any missionaries arrived. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old, ancestral religion, commanded all heiau to be destroyed, terminated the harsh kapu religious legal system and fought a small war to defend his policies, which all happened six months before the arrival of missionaries. The missionaries didn't overthrow Queen Lili'uokalani. She attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab and was, consequently, overthrown by counter-revolution led by the Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles (1,100-1,600 local militiamen), who were denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The 'Jesus, sugar-loving missionaries' is just propaganda. The missionaries weren't involved in the Revolution of 1893.
    1
  661. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  662.  @pakelika100  Who the hell is Ken Conklin? Lol. And, also, it appears that you don't have a counterargument. History isn't simple, black-and-white, cut-and-dry. Queen Lili'uokalani instigated her own overthrow after she attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab.
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  663.  @pakelika100  Pat, you're grasping at straws. If people didn't go out and vote on the Statehood question, then they forfeited their political voice. They neglected their kuleana and their mana was wasted. Now, if people left the Statehood question box empty, then that means they didn't vote on the question. They didn't vote whether to become a state or not. Therefore, there obviously is no vote to count. An empty box does not represent a 'No' vote and it doesn't represent a 'Yes' vote... because the box is empty. There is no Yes/No vote because no choice was marked. Blank ballots do not count as Yes/No in the Statehood vote... because they're BLANK! Obviously. Lol. Nice try with trying to obfuscate the pertinent facts. So, again, what percentage of voters who actually voted in favor of Statehood? 93% of voters chose Statehood. That's a HUGE majority!!! Clearly, you're trying to dance around that very, unpleasant fact... because the truth doesn't fit your personal narrative. NINETY-THREE PERCENT (93%) of all votes cast and registered wanted Hawai'i to join the United States. Right now, I'm looking up at our place on the Stars and Stripes... and it looks beautiful. Meanwhile, you keep staring at an upside-down, dead flag from a bygone era. That's the problem. Your thinking is upside down. And your perspective is cross-eyed ;)
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  664. Nope, not because of Hawai'i. The U.S.S. Boston deployed 162 marines and sailors as a peacekeeping force under commands of neutrality to protect American life and property. They didn't fight with the insurgents, raid any buildings or provide any material support. The Blount and Morgan reports didn't document any physicsl aggression by the U.S. soldiers. That's hardly a military invasion force. The Honolulu Rifles had a militia force of about 1,500 men. That, on the other hand, is a LARGE armed insurgency. The royalists had about 950 men, with about a dozen artillery pieces and a gatling gun. Queen Liliuokalani could've defended her government from the revolution. However, she chose to surrender because she thought her friend Grover Cleveland would restore her government when he became President six weeks later. That was a grave miscalculation. She thought the U.S. would fight her battle. That was her responsibility to defend the homeland and she didn't.
    1
  665. What fake history? Did you think this video was real? Not a chance. This video was full of historical inaccuracies, half-truths and propaganda. Lol
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  666. The United States didn't steal Hawai'i. Lol. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  667.  @marypiorodrigues8973  Oops, I missed the sarcasm. Lol
    1
  668. Make sure the movie contains all the details. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  669.  @dub6pimp  There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 ✔✔✔
    1
  670. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  671. @Kamar Guezzi The entymology of "haole" goes way back to the chant of Kūaliʻi. The word haole means foreigner, outsider or stranger. Anyone who wasn't kanaka maoli was a haole, such as the Portuguese (regardless of skin tone). Now, it's mostly used as a racial slur and term.
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  672.  Max Smith  The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch. There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 ✔✔✔
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  673.  @abnernakihei  There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that says that a joint resolution cannot be used for annexation. Conversely, there's no U.S. or International Law of 1898 that says that a treaty (and only a treaty) must be used for annexation of foreign land. The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation and their legislature unanimously passed THEIR own treaty of annexation. The Newlands Resolution contains identical language to the first proposed treaty and it was ratified by two thirds of both Houses of Congress (which is stronger than the approval criteria of even a treaty). Hawai'i was annexed under a mutual, bilateral agreement between the Republic of Hawaii and the United States. Both parties accepted, followed, executed and behaved accordingly within the terms of the agreement. The Newlands Resolution menorialized the agreement, which makes the annexation legal and binding. Hawai'i followed a path similar to Texas (which set legal precedent for joint resolution as a valid mechanism). Both failed annexation attempts using treaty, but were later annexed by joint resolution with one huge difference. Again, the Newlands Resolution was passed by a TWO THIRDS majority by both the Senate and the House of Representatives, which exceeds the approval criteria of even a treaty. The House passsd the resolution with a vote of 209 to 91 (69%) on June 15, 1898. The Senate passed the resolution on July 6, 1898 with a tally of 42 to 21 (66%). President McKinley signed it on July 7, 1898. Ironically, if they chose to ratify another treaty, then it would've passed Congress. Regardless, the Newlands Resolution had 2/3rds support from both houses, which beats the ratification requirements of a treaty. The U.S. Constitution doesn't define the process and powers for annexation of foreign land. Article 6 doesn't cover it. President Jefferson ran into this problem when he wanted to acquire the Louisiana Territory. He wanted to make an amendment to fix this problem, but the Senate blocked him and thought a treaty was good enough. This same loophole allows a joint resolution to be used for annexation. There is no violation of the Constitution because the constitution is silent on this issue. There have been many instances in U.S. history where acts and joint resolutions have been used instead of treaties. The annexation of Texas and Hawai'i and end of World War I was achieved via joint resolution. There are many more examples in this journal: "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" James W. Garner https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 The Kū'ē Petitions only prove that many kanaka opposed annexation. By 1893, demographically, Hawai'i was roughly 1/3rd kanaka, 1/3rd westerner and 1/3rd asians. They were all denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom, which became the Republic of Hawai'i. After the revolution, the monarchy was overthrown and the royalists no longer had control of the government. There are no international laws of 1898 that require a public referendum or plebiscite for annexation. Sure, some people opposed annexation and others supported it. Unfortunately, the opposition didn't control the government apparatus. Vermont, the Republic of Texas and the Republic of California were also sovereign, independent countries with their own governments and international diplomatic relations. However, their citizens were also not required to have a public vote on the annexation question. There were many people who opposed annexation, but only the government's vote mattered. The Legislature of the Republic of Hawaii unanimously voted in favor of annexation. After 126+ years, there hasn't been a single U.S. or International Court ruling that has declared that Hawai'i is 'occupied' or the annexation was 'illegal'.
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  674.  @abnernakihei  Dr. David Keanu Sai is an expert in political science, not law. His political and legal arguments are very weak. He's trying to retroactively apply today's laws to historical events that happened BEFORE the laws were even created (which obviously cannot be done). He also ignores the full context of history, presents half-truths and practices revisionist history. I have investigated all of his arguments and they don't hold up to the most basic scrutiny. He's leading a polsci propaganda campaign to advance his hawaiian independence politics. He doesn't care about law or the mo'olelo hawai'i. After 30 years, he still hasn't won any significant victories for the movement. He's a con man. Queen Lili'uokalani (and the royalists), British Minister Wodehouse (and his allies), President Cleveland (and the anti-annexationists) and many other brilliant men and women could not prove the alleged 'illegality' of the annexation. Brah, I don't have to talk about my kanaka-ness, hapa-ness or haole-ness. Race and ethnicity don't matter. We're all ohana, kama'āina and in this together. Only our ideas matter, along with honest, thoughtful and objective discussion. Perform your own independent research to verify everything you read, hear and see. Malama pono.
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  675. The U.S. didn't steal Hawai'i.
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  676.  @kenken1704  The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. Is he also a 'terrorist'. He sure did terrible things and the maka'āinana were terrified. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
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  677. @Wilfy Martinez Nah, he's off the charts exaggerating. He's include the huge number of deaths from foreign diseases.
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  678.  @PinoyAbnoy  China is the cheap labor source for the rest of the world.
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  679.  @teofilol2666  Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet.
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  680.  @PinoyAbnoy  You know the answer. China isn't highly developed and has a very low standard and cost of living, which makes labor costs very low. When international trade agreements were relaxed, foreign companies transferred many manufacturing operations to China where labor was very cheap in order to maximize profits. It's simple economics.
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  681.  @alapakeheanu4776  There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 ✔✔✔
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  682. You need to research more of our hawaiian history. In 1851, during the French Crisis, King Kamehameha III requested annexation by the United States, but (ironically) Secretary of State Daniel Webster declined. History isn't simple, black-and-white or cut-and-dry.
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  683. The U.S. didn't rob Hawai'i or Alaska. Russia sold Alaska. The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation by the United States, in 1898, and the U.S. accepted.
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  684. Hawai'i is definitely better off with the United States :)
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  685. The NLG is a progressive public interest association. The statement was made by the Hawaiian Kingdom SUBCOMMITTEE of the National Lawyers Guild, which is co-chaired by... wait for it.. Dr. David Keanu Sai. There's nothing sensational, revolutionary or groundbreaking about their statement. Please let me know when the American Bar Association endorses hawaiian independence
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  686. Did it talk about how Queen Lili'uokalani attempted to make an illegal and unconstitutional power grab that provided her own overthrow?
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  687.  SeattleFanFromDa808  Queen Lili'uokalani admitted in her OWN book, Hawaii's Story, that she tried to make an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. Have you read her book? Here's an excerpt. Queen Lili'uokalani: I told them it was my intention to promulgate a new constitution... At 12pm, I prorogued the legislature... Early in January I mentioned to Captain Nowlein of the household guards, and Mr. Wilson the marshall, my intentions to promulgate a new constitution, and to prepare themselves to quell any riot or outbreak from the opposition. They assured me they would be ready; and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy... If you didn't know, then now you know. We need to look at all historical evidence. It's historical fact that Queen Lili'uokalani tried to toss the existing constitution and magically replace it with her own (without following the constitutional amendment process). She instigated her own overthrow. When people found out about her secret scheme, they rolled her like a coconut down a hill into the beach. Aloha 'Oe!
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  688.  SeattleFanFromDa808  Are you calling Queen Lili'uokalani a liar? Go read her book. It's available on line and in your local library. Reading is fundamental. And knowledge is power. 😌
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  689. The United States didn't steal Hawai'i. Lol
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  690. Hawai'i is no longer a country. The Republic of Hawaii requested and received annexation in 1898. The Law of Warfare, FM 27-10, was released in 1956. NINETEEN FIFTY-SIX. You can't apply the laws of 1956 to the events of 1898. You can't use the laws of the future to protest the events of the past. Dr. Sai repeatedly takes a revisionist approach to history and tries to argue events of the past with laws that didn't even exist during that time period. He's one bakatade. Lol
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  691. The United States never went to war with the Hawaiian Kingdom.
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  692. The video has great production quality, but the information content is full of historical inaccuracies, half-truths and propaganda.
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  693. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli. Were the Tahitians local? Technically, we can claim every immigrant isn't one of us, but that would be racist or xenophobic. The Hawaiian Kingdom was built by kanaka, westerners and asians - from start to finish. They were all denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom. They're kama'āina and ohana.
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  694. The U.S. had significant sugar production in Louisiana, Texas and Cuba. Many American politicians and businessmen opposed the annexation of Hawai'i because they didn't want competition. Lol
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  695. Politically, the Apology Resolution was intended to help pave the way for federal tribal recognition of the Native Hawaiian people, just like the Native Americans. Legally, it had no effect on any settlement against the United States and didn't alter or modify the purity of land title own by the State of Hawaii. The Apology Bill doesn't support the hawaiian independence activists desire for secession and sovereignty. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the resolution was written with conciliatory and precatory language, not legal language that confers rights or acts as legislation. The Apology Resolution was an opinion statement, not a legal one. If you want federal recognition of the kanaka (similar to the Akaka Bill), then the Apology Bill is an olive branch that can be used to start that process. The Apology Bill doesn't legally support the hawaiian independence movement. The U.S. President, Congress and Military never enacted (or admitted) a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Government. The Apology Bill apoligized for the role that some U.S. citzens and expatriates played in the hawaiian revolution that overthrew the monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by a bloodless and peaceful coup of wealthy and powerful haole, who were denizens, citizens and royal subjects, of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The Morgan Report refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing since they didn't participate in the overthrow, support the hawaiian insurgents in any way and didn't act aggressively or violently against the monarchy. The Morgan Report was 1,176 pages of public interviews on all sides, with cross-examination and under oath (which the Blount Report did not do). The Apology Resolution is just a 5 page opinion statement full of 'whereas' clauses. It doesn't even remotely come close to refuting the Morgan Report.
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  696. How's your country's industrial military complex doing? Lol. That being said, the U.S. didn't conquer Hawai'i. The U.S. didn't wage war or fight any battles against the Kingdom of Hawai'i. Even Queen Lili'uokalani testified and wrote that the U.S. soldiers didn't participate in the Revolution of 1893.
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  697. The editing is great, but the content is full of historical inaccuracies, half-truths and propaganda.
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  698.  @zazarays  The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch. Lili'uokalani's Power Grab The Queen's draft of the 1893 Constitution had the following: - Members of the privy council, notary public, and agents would be able to run for the legislature. This was political double-dipping. For example, the Privy Council consisted of the King's cabinet ministers, who were politically aligned with the King. Queen Lili'uokalani wanted to allow her cabinet ministers to also be able to serve in the Legislature, which increases her political power. Also, it's fundamentally wrong to allow one person to serve in both the executive and legislative branches. - The Queen would be given the power to call meetings of the legislature. Queen Lili'uokalani tried to increase power for the sovereign (herself). - The Queen’s private lands and other property were made inviolable. The Kamehameha dynasty ended with Kamehameha V. Kalākaua and Lili'uokalani were no longer sovereigns with inviolable land and property. - The Queen would sign all bills before they became law. The 1887 constitution allowed the Legislature to repass bills with a two-thirds majority and overcome a sovereign's vetoe. Kalākua's reign was considered corrupt. The Legislative branch was given stronger, conditional approval authority. - Nobles would be appointed by the Queen instead of elected. Obviously, this gives more power to the sovereign because Lili'uokalani can appoint noblemen (instead of a more democratic election). The people would concede more power to the sovereign. - American and European residents, granted suffrage in 1887, would lose the right to vote. Voting rights would be taken away from a large demographic group. By 1893, the demographics of Hawai'i were roughly 1/3rd kanaka, 1/3rd westerners and 1/3rd asian. - The Queen would be able to appoint governors of each island for four years. More power for the sovereign. - Article 78 of the 1887 Constitution which required the monarch to perform "with the advice and consent of the Cabinet" was left out. This removed legislative checks-and-balances over the executive branch. If the Queen was proposing minor reforms, then her Constitution of 1893 wouldn't raise any eyebrows. But it wasn't minor. She was upset about the 1887 Constitution just like the westerners were upset about the 1864 Constitution. Queen Lili'uokalani was attempting a major power grab. The Legislature wasn't ready to pass the new constitution. The Revolution of 1887 had caused a significant power shift. Queen Lili'uokalani kept her plan secret, within her inner circle. She planned on proclaiming (surprise!!!🎉) a new constitution... and she ordered the military to put down any rebellion (that's a power play... and a bit tyrannical). That's a premidated crime. Unfortunately, someone leaked her plan. And the rest is history. Lili'uokalani instigated her own overthrow. Her plan was illegal. Sure, many kanaka would've approved of her power grab and many westerners opposed it. Nevertheless, she overstepped her constitutional powers and suffered the consequences. She's a victim of her own arrogance.
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  699.  @zazarays  No problem :)
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  700. Hawai'i is free :)
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  701.  @4our587  Hawai'i doesn't want to be independent from the United States. We're an island in the remote Pacific Ocean. Hawai'i enjoys peace and prosperity as a U.S. State.
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  702.  @4our587  There's only 4,000 - 8,000 kanaka maoli with 💯 koko hawai'i. The rest of the people who are 'Native Hawaiian' are either hapa, Pacific Islanders or Southeast Asians pretending to be kanaka. Do you think we want to be a third world country in the middle of the ocean? Not a chance, buddy. We love the U.S.💕
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  703.  @4our587  Brah, I live here. You have no clue what you're talking about. Only a tiny, vocal minority want to secede because they all think they'll get rich if they break away and magically take all the tourist money for themselves. Lol. Everyone here knows that the United States provides economic prosperity, safety and security. I'm speaking for most Hawaiians. In 1919, Prince Kūhio wrote the first Statehood bill. In 1959, 93% of Hawaiian voters chose Statehood, instead of remaining a Territory.
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  704.  @4our587  93% of Hawaiians voted for Statehood. What makes you think we want to be independent? Why would we NOT want to be part of a world superpower who helps us negotiate in trade and provides us economic and military security? I don't have to speak for everyone. I speak for most people with basic common sense. Lol.
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  705.  @4our587  After Hawai'i was annexed, Native Hawaiian activists pushed hard for Statehood. In 1919, Prince Kūhio even wrote and submitted the first Statehood Bill to Congress. The Hawaiian Kingdom was a multiethnic, multicultural, and multinational society before it was ever a U.S. Territory or State. We were very diverse. Kanaka maoli and haole all built the country together. After Hawai'i gained Statehood in 1959, there was a great deal of celebration. Sure, some kanaka complained. Sour grapes. Do you think everyone was happy when Kamehameha conquered all the chiefdoms, stole all the āina, mana and wealth, and created his Kingdom of Hawai'i? Not a chance. Lol
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  706.  @exoels  Unfortunately, the Native Hawaiian population was decimated by foreign diseases, similar to what happened to Native Americans on the mainland. Mother Nature can be cruel sometimes. Hawai'i was geologically and socially isolated from the rest of the world. The indigenous people didn't have immuno-resistance. Today, there's only 4,000 - 8,000 kanaka with 💯 koko hawai'i. The rest of the 'Native Hawaiians' are hapa, meaning they're mixed with aloha and the blood of different peoples. The Hawaiian Kingdom was built by many different people: kanaka maoli, westerners and asians. Did you think that only one ethnic group had the right to vote? That wouldn't be fair or democratic.
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  707.  @exoels  It's a huge myth that the Hawaiian language was banned/eradicated by the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii or United States. The Hawaiian Kingdom enacted an education policy that highly favored English before the overthrow of the monarchy in 1893. King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1855): "To foster education and widen every channel that leads to knowledge, is one of our most imperative duties... It is of the highest importance, in my opinion, that education in the English language should become more general, for it is my firm conviction that unless my subjects become educated in this tongue, their hope of intellectual progress, and of meeting the foreigners on terms of equality, is a vain one." King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1856) that he was satisfied with the Board of Education's progress on English instruction "It is particularly gratifying to know that instruction in the English language is prosecuted with so much success among my native subjects. I recommend you to make as liberal a provision for the support of this class of schools as the state of my Treasury will admit." And this Hawaiian Kingdom Policy was very successful in adopting the English language as the main language of education and instruction. 1881: 66% English, 33% Hawaiian 1887: 84% English,16% Hawaiian 1892: 95% English, 5% Hawaiian 1896: 97% English, 3% Hawaiian
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  708.  @exoels  Brah, I gave you excerpts from Royal Speeches from the Hawaiian Kingdom! LMAO!😂
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  709. The United States didn't 'steal' Hawai'i. Lol
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  710. Brah, the U.S. didn't erased hawaiian culture or force their's onto the kanaka maoli. Lol. Westerners were interacting with Native Hawaiians for 40 years BEFORE any missionaries showed up. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old ancestral religion, commanded all heiau to be destroyed, terminated the harsh, oppressive kapu religious legal system and fought a war to defend his policies. The missionaries arrived SIX MONTHS LATER. Kamehameha would never have been able to conquer all the island chiefdoms without great help from westerners (weapons, supplies, counsel, training, tactics and combat support). Hawaiian Kings intentionally blended western systems (education, religious, economic, political and military) with native hawaiian traditions. How exactly did 'whites' destroy their culture?
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  711.  @sammyk702  Proof? The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The United Stated never fought any wars with the Hawaiian Kingdom or the kanaka maoli. The Great Māhele of 1848 was the biggest land policy failure of Hawaiian Kingdom history. The king, ali'i and konohiki screwed over the maka'āinana and took all the land for themselves. Only less than 1% of the maka'ainana got land, which was about 30,000 acres. The powerful kanaka monarchy and nobility class got 4 million acres. 1 million for the King, 1.5 million for the government and 1.5 million for the nobility. Even worse, the kanaka elitists mismanaged their finances and sold off a great deal of land to foreigners to repay debts. The allodial land rights were designed to protect powerful kanaka while the actual land policies screwed over the common folk, the real hawaiians, the ones who actually managed and cultivated the land for generations. They exploited their own people for great personal gain. The feudal lords of chiefdom days became the royal nobility of the Hawaiian Kingdom. And the exploitation didn't stop. The Great Māhele was a Great Crime of kanaka-on-kanaka fraud. The āina is life, mana, wealth, prosperity and happiness. The kanaka royalty and nobility classes stole all the land and screwed over the commoners, who had tended the ahupua'a for generations. They put native hawaiians behind the eight ball. That's 'brown' on 'brown'. Brah, where's your proof?
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  712. Westerners were interacting with Native Hawaiians for 40 years before any missionaries showed up. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old ancestral religion, commanded all heiau to be destroyed, terminated the harsh kapu religious legal system and fought a war to defend his policies. This all happened SIX MONTHS BEFORE any missionaries arrived. The missionaries didn't overthrow the monarchy. All the missionaries were concluded by the time of the Revolution of 1893. Why? Because the Hawaiian Kingdom was already a primarily Christian Nation. The missions were successful. But this silly video doesn't talk about any of this history.
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  713. You don't know hawiian history ;)
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  714. Are you sure it's REAL history? The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  715. Robert Wilcox led a revolution in 1895 to physically and violently reinstate the deposed queen, but the royalists were defeated and the new government cemented its rule over the country.
    1
  716. Did the American colonists have a public referendum as to whether they would secede from the British empire? Nope, every colony's government voted to rebel, not the actual people. Did Kamehameha hold a petition when he conquered all the islands with a 20 year war campaign? Nope, his ballot box was a canon. BLAM!!! A plebiscite is not required for annexation. The Republic of Hawaii's legislature unanimously voted in favor of annexation. They requested annexation by the United States.
    1
  717. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  718. The United States didn't steal Hawai'i. Lol
    1
  719.  @ProfessorEGadd  In 1959, there was no international law that requires a country to provide an option for secession. It only required a vote to either 1) remain a territory or 2) become incorporated and integrated into the country. 93% of Hawaiian voters chose Statehood over remaining a Territory. Territory status is closer to independence than Statehood is... and Hawai'i chose to become a State.
    1
  720.  @ProfessorEGadd  I clarified that the statehood vote was lawful. Hawaiian residents chose statehood instead of remaining a territory. It's highly unlikely that people would've chosen to secede. Prince Kūhiō, heir to the Kalākaua throne, even authored the first Hawai'i Statehood bill in 1919. It was very popular and had a lot of activist support.
    1
  721. There was no genocide in Hawai'i.
    1
  722. The United States didn't colonize Hawai'i. Lol
    1
  723. The United States didn't colonize, steal or destroy Hawai'i. You're as salty as the Pacific Ocean. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  724. Many U.S. politicians and businesses opposed Hawaiian annexation because of competition with American intetests. The U.S. already had significant sugar production from Louisiana, Texas and Cuba. The British and American traders already worked with Native Hawaiians for 30 years before any missionaries arrived to Hawai'i. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old, ancestral religion, commanded all heiau to be destroyed and terminated the harsh, oppressive kapu religious law six months before the arrival of missionaries.
    1
  725. Politically, the Apology Resolution was intended to help pave the way for federal tribal recognition of the Native Hawaiian people, just like the Native Americans. Legally, it had no effect on any settlement against the United States and didn't alter or modify the purity of land title own by the State of Hawaii. The Apology Bill doesn't support the hawaiian independence activists desire for secession and sovereignty. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the resolution was written with conciliatory and precatory language, not legal language that confers rights or acts as legislation. The Apology Resolution was an opinion statement, not a legal one. If you want federal recognition of the kanaka (similar to the Akaka Bill), then the Apology Bill is an olive branch that can be used to start that process. The Apology Bill doesn't legally support the hawaiian independence movement. The U.S. President, Congress and Military never enacted (or admitted) a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Government. The Apology Bill apoligized for the role that some U.S. citzens and expatriates played in the hawaiian revolution that overthrew the monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by a bloodless and peaceful coup of wealthy and powerful haole, who were denizens, citizens and royal subjects, of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The Morgan Report refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing since they didn't participate in the overthrow, support the hawaiian insurgents in any way and didn't act aggressively or violently against the monarchy. The Morgan Report was 1,176 pages of public interviews on all sides, with cross-examination and under oath (which the Blount Report did not do). The Apology Resolution is just a 5 page opinion statement full of 'whereas' clauses. It doesn't even remotely come close to refuting the Morgan Report.
    1
  726. Red. White. And Blue. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  727. Hawai'i is nothing like Crimea. Russia actually fought a war to conquer and annex Crimea. They actually stole Crimea from the Ukraine.
    1
  728.  @Ambigious  Politically, the Apology Resolution was intended to help pave the way for federal tribal recognition of the Native Hawaiian people, just like the Native Americans. Legally, it had no effect on any settlement against the United States and didn't alter or modify the purity of land title own by the State of Hawaii. The Apology Bill doesn't support the hawaiian independence activists desire for secession and sovereignty. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the resolution was written with conciliatory and precatory language, not legal language that confers rights or acts as legislation. The Apology Resolution was an opinion statement, not a legal one. If you want federal recognition of the kanaka (similar to the Akaka Bill), then the Apology Bill is an olive branch that can be used to start that process. The Apology Bill doesn't legally support the hawaiian independence movement. The U.S. President, Congress and Military never enacted (or admitted) a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Government. The Apology Bill apoligized for the role that some U.S. citzens and expatriates played in the hawaiian revolution that overthrew the monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by a bloodless and peaceful coup of wealthy and powerful haole, who were denizens, citizens and royal subjects, of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The Morgan Report refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing since they didn't participate in the overthrow, support the hawaiian insurgents in any way and didn't act aggressively or violently against the monarchy. The Morgan Report was 1,176 pages of public interviews on all sides, with cross-examination and under oath (which the Blount Report did not do). The Apology Resolution is just a 5 page opinion statement full of 'whereas' clauses. It doesn't even remotely come close to refuting the Morgan Report.
    1
  729. Every religion has been used to justify land grabbing. Lol. That being said, the missionaries didn't steal any land in Hawai'i. There religious missions were completed a few decades before the Revolution of 1893.
    1
  730. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  731. China conducted a REAL military invasion and violent conquest to annex Tibet. Many Tibetans were killed, injured and captured. The United States didn't fight any major battles or wars with the Hawaiian Kingdom. China took aggressive military action against Tibet. Hawai'i was nothing like Tibet.
    1
  732. After 127 years, there hasn't been a single United States or International Court decision that has declared that Hawai'i is 'occupied' or that it was 'illegally' annexed. The TMT is blocked from construction because the protesters are literally blocking the road (and breaking the law). Lol. The protesters had their due process, challenged the harmless science project in court and lost all the way up to the State Supreme Court. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of TMT and affirmed that the TMT's conservation district use permit was legal.
    1
  733. The U.S. didn't unilaterally annex Hawai'i, without its permission. The Provisional Government had requested annexation in 1893 and later the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation. The Hawaiian Legislature unanimously agreed and the both the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives ratified it with a two thirds majority. That's a mutual, bilateral agreement. Furthermore, this wasn't the only time that Hawai'i sought annexation or protectorate status. In 1851, King Kamehameha III requested protectorate status (which the U.S. declinee) and later, in 1854, he entered into negotiations for annexation by the U.S. (but the deal fell apart after he died and the next Mo'i backed out). King Kamehameha even sought protectorate status from Great Britain and King Kalākaua sought protectorate status from Japan. Politically, the Apology Resolution was intended to help pave the way for federal tribal recognition of the Native Hawaiian people, just like the Native Americans. Legally, it had no effect on any settlement against the United States and didn't alter or modify the purity of land title own by the State of Hawaii. The Apology Bill doesn't support the hawaiian independence activists desire for secession and sovereignty. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the resolution was written with conciliatory and precatory language, not legal language that confers rights or acts as legislation. The Apology Resolution was an opinion statement, not a legal one. If they want federal recognition of the kanaka (similar to the Akaka Bill), then the Apology Bill is an olive branch that can be used to start that process. The Apology Bill doesn't legally support the hawaiian independence movement. The U.S. President, Congress and Military never enacted (or admitted) a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Government. The Apology Bill apoligized for the alleged role that some U.S. citzens and expatriates played in the hawaiian revolution that overthrew the monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by a bloodless and peaceful coup of wealthy and powerful haole, who were naturalized citizens and royal subjects, of the Hawaiian Kingdom.The Morgan Report was 1,176 pages of public interviews on all sides, with cross-examination and under oath (which the Blount Report did not do). The Apology Resolution is just a 5 page opinion statement full of 'whereas' clauses. It doesn't even remotely come close to refuting the Morgan Report, which is still the last word and final government report on the matter.
    1
  734. The U.S. didn't steal Hawai'i. Lol
    1
  735. Brah, it was a forest fire in a hurricane that was caused by downed power lines. Hawai'i is always full of crazy conspiracy theories. Everything is always X-files over here.
    1
  736. Politically, the Apology Resolution was intended to help pave the way for federal tribal recognition of the Native Hawaiian people, just like the Native Americans. Legally, it had no effect on any settlement against the United States and didn't alter or modify the purity of land title own by the State of Hawaii. The Apology Bill doesn't support the hawaiian independence activists desire for secession and sovereignty. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the resolution was written with conciliatory and precatory language, not legal language that confers rights or acts as legislation. The Apology Resolution was an opinion statement, not a legal one. If you want federal recognition of the kanaka (similar to the Akaka Bill), then the Apology Bill is an olive branch that can be used to start that process. The Apology Bill doesn't legally support the hawaiian independence movement. The U.S. President, Congress and Military never enacted (or admitted) a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Government. The Apology Bill apoligized for the role that some U.S. citzens and expatriates played in the hawaiian revolution that overthrew the monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by a bloodless and peaceful coup of wealthy and powerful haole, who were denizens, citizens and royal subjects, of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The Morgan Report refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing since they didn't participate in the overthrow, support the hawaiian insurgents in any way and didn't act aggressively or violently against the monarchy. The Morgan Report was 1,176 pages of public interviews on all sides, with cross-examination and under oath (which the Blount Report did not do). The Apology Resolution is just a 5 page opinion statement full of 'whereas' clauses. It doesn't even remotely come close to refuting the Morgan Report.
    1
  737. Mario, I don't think you know Hawaiian history. Can I speak with Luigi? Lol
    1
  738. After 127 years, there hasn't been a single United States or International Court ruling that Hawai'i is 'occupied' or illegally annexed.
    1
  739. Disliking a video doesn't make them 'Trump supporters'. Lol
    1
  740. I don't even think you know what terrorism is. Lol
    1
  741.  @aliaskari456  Don't worry, buddy, take all the time that you need. Have you tried a dictionary? Try 'T' for 'terrorism'. Lol. I'll even use it in a sentence: The United States didn't commit any terrorism in Hawai'i.
    1
  742.  @aliaskari456  I'm glad that you agree that the U.S. isn't a terrorist country. For a second, I thought you were trying to spread propaganda ;)
    1
  743. Hawai'i was united by Kamehameha, who was a Warlord and an Imperialist.
    1
  744. Hawai'i is not like Tibet. Lol.
    1
  745. The U.S. didn't use its military to overthrow Hawai"i. Lol. The 162 American soldiers (marines and SAILORS) didn't actively participate in the Revolution of 1894. Queen Lili'uokalani was far more worried about the 1,100-1,600 armed militiamen (who were denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom) that wanted to overthrow her because she attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab.
    1
  746. The U.S. didn't 'steal' Hawai'i.
    1
  747.  @wiktorjachyra1869  The U.S. didn't steal Hawaii's independence. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  748. The U.S. didn't steal Hawai'i. Was it like the Mexican-American, Spanish-American War or Indian wars? Nope.
    1
  749.  @np4653  The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation by the United States. In 1898, the Hawaiian Legislature unanimously approved and the U.S. Congress approved with a two thirds majority by both the Senate and House of Representatives. How, exactly, did the U.S. steal Hawai'i??? King Kamehameha III had requested protectorate status by the U.S. in 1851 and, in 1854, he even started the negotiation process for annexation (but he died before it could be completed). This was ~40 years before the Revolution of 1893 and the Annexation of 1898.
    1
  750. There was no 'colonization', 'invasion', 'occupation' or 'genocide' in Hawai'i. Lol
    1
  751.  @marcuslittle4428  Try again, boss. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  752.  @marcuslittle4428  The kanaka and haole built the Hawaiian Kingdom together - from start to finish. Kamehameha wouldn't have been able to CONQUER and 'unify' the islands without great help from westerners (weapons, supplies, training, tactics, counsel and combat support). Hawaiian Kings intentionally blended western systems (education, religious, economic, political and military) with native hawaiian traditions. In 1893, demographically, Hawai'i was roughly 1/3rd kanaka, 1/3rd westerner and 1/3rd asian. The Hawaiian Kingdom was multiethnic, multicultural and multinational. Real 'Hawaiians'??? Most 'Hawaiians' today are hapa, mixed with koko hawai'i, westerners and asians. There's only 4,000-8,000 pure 💯 kanaka maoli in Hawai'i. There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 ✔✔✔
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  753.  @marcuslittle4428  You clearly don't know Hawaiian history. Let me make it easier for you to understand... Did Kamehameha conquer and unify the islands on his own? No, he needed great help from westerners (British and Americans). Did the United States or Great Britain declare or claim Hawai'i as a colony? No. Did kanaka, westerners and asians build the country together? Yes, every step of the way. Were the westerners and asians denizens, citizens and royal subjects of Hawai'i? Yes. Did the westerners and asians live, work, pay taxes and support the Hawaiian Kingdom? Yes, the haole had a long history with Hawai'i from 1777 through 1893. Was the Hawaiian Kingdom a multiethnic, multicultural and multinational society? Yes. Did the Hawaiian Kingdom requested protectorate status or annexation from other countries? Yes. King Kamehameha wanted to make Hawai'i a British protectorate. King Kamehameha III requested annexation by the United States. King Kalākaua wanted to become a Japanese protectorate. Did the United States 'steal' Hawai'i? No, the U.S. declined an annexation request in 1851 and 1893. The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation in 1898 (five years after the monarchy's overthrow) and the U.S. accepted. If the U.S. were greedy, landgrabbing colonialists, then why didn't they grab Hawai'i sooner? They weren't. Did the United States overthrow the Monarchy? No, the Morgan Report exonerated the U.S. soldiers and agents of any involvement in the Revolution of 1893. I suggest you look at the Committee of Safety and the Honolulu Rifles. There were 1,100 - 1,600 angry hawaiians who overthrew Queen Lili'uokalani after she attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. Some Hawaiians wanted to maintain the monarchy, some wanted a republic and some wanted annexation. Was Hawai'i an American colony? No, it was a country that got annexed by the U.S. after the Revolution of 1893 led to the creation of a provisional government and later the Republic of Hawaii. The rebels had control of the government and requested annexation. Did some colonists object to secession from the British Empire? Yes. Did some Texans object to annexation? Yes. Did some Californians object annexation? Yes. Did some kanaka object to Kamehameha's conquest of Hawai'i? Yes. Does it matter? No, the government decides what happens with the territory. There's no requirement for public referendum or plebiscite. Did 93% of Hawaiian voters choose statehood? Yes. See, it's not a colony ;)
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  754.  @marcuslittle4428  Brah, feel free to research any individual point. Verify and confirm everything you read, see and hear. I have studied mo'olelo hawai'i for a long time and have dived deep into the actual history and primary documents. Queen Lili'uokalani instigated her own overthrow. Kamehameha V overthrew the government in 1864. He prorogated the legislature, abrogated the 1852 Constitution, unilaterally created his own constitution and strengthened his autocratic powers (removed checks and balances, weakened power sharing and strengthened the king to be more like an absolute monarch), which was unconstitutional and illegal. Sound familiar? Queen Lili'uokalani tried to do the same thing. First, she tried to ammend the existing 1887 Constitution, but she repeatedly failed. Her supporters wanted her to do the same as Kamehameha V and just 'proclaim' a new constitution. She drafted the Constitution of 1893, but her Ministers wouldn't sign it because it was illegal and would cause civil unrest (i.e. riots and/or rebellion). Some of her ministers informed her political opponents about her scheme... and the rest is history. The Queen never submitted her Constitution for approval by the Legislature. She just wanted to proclaim the old one was dead and HER new one was the new law of the land, which was very illegal. It was a reckless power grab that cost her the throne.   King Kalākaua wasn't physically forced to sign the 1887 Constitution. His political enemies threatened to overthrow him if he didn't make political concessions. His political opponents didn't storm Palace 'Iolani and force him to sign a new constitution. Kalākaua had a weak government. He couldn't defend against their intimidation tactics. Instead of directly dealing with his problem via political negotiation/compromise, police response or military action,  he asked his international allies (United States, Great Britain, France, Japan, and Portugal) to help him, but they advised that he agree to the terms set by the Hawaiian League. He capitulated. No one physically put a gun to his head or bayonet to his throat. He conceded in order to save his throne. He didn't assert his authority and defend his government. Kalākaua was already a timid ruler and acted like a figurehead before the Revolution of 1887 even happened. Historically, there have been many civil/uncivil protests/riots/rebellions/revolutions that have changed politics, policy and government. The Right to Revolution goes all the way back to John Locke and even earlier. By its nature, every revolution is 'illegal' from the perspective of the side who lost. President Cleveland asked Congress to investigate alleged American involvement in the hawaiian revolution. The Senate Committee on Foreign Relations released the Morgan Report, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing. That was the final nail in the coffin. Cleveland withdrew his support for the reinstatement of the deposed queen. Lili'uokalani's Power Grab The Queen's draft of the 1893 Constitution had the following: - Members of the privy council, notary public, and agents would be able to run for the legislature. This was political double-dipping. For example, the Privy Council consisted of the King's cabinet ministers, who were politically aligned with the King. Queen Lili'uokalani wanted to allow her cabinet ministers to also be able to serve in the Legislature, which increases her political power. Also, it's fundamentally wrong to allow one person to serve in both the executive and legislative branches. - The Queen would be given the power to call meetings of the legislature. Queen Lili'uokalani tried to increase power for the sovereign (herself). - The Queen’s private lands and other property were made inviolable. The Kamehameha dynasty ended with Kamehameha V. Kalākaua and Lili'uokalani were no longer sovereigns with inviolable land and property. - The Queen would sign all bills before they became law. The 1887 constitution allowed the Legislature to repass bills with a two-thirds majority and overcome a sovereign's vetoe. Kalākua's reign was considered corrupt. The Legislative branch was given stronger, conditional approval authority. - Nobles would be appointed by the Queen instead of elected. Obviously, this gives more power to the sovereign because Lili'uokalani can appoint noblemen (instead of a more democratic election). The people would concede more power to the sovereign. - American and European residents, granted suffrage in 1887, would lose the right to vote. Voting rights would be taken away from a large demographic group. By 1893, the demographics of Hawai'i were roughly 1/3rd kanaka, 1/3rd westerners and 1/3rd asian. - The Queen would be able to appoint governors of each island for four years. More power for the sovereign. - Article 78 of the 1887 Constitution which required the monarch to perform "with the advice and consent of the Cabinet" was left out. This removed legislative checks-and-balances over the executive branch. If the Queen was proposing minor reforms, then her Constitution of 1893 wouldn't raise any eyebrows. But it wasn't minor. She was upset about the 1887 Constitution just like the westerners were upset about the 1864 Constitution. Queen Lili'uokalani was attempting a major power grab. The Legislature wasn't ready to pass the new constitution. The Revolution of 1887 had caused a significant power shift (her wings were clipped). Queen Lili'uokalani kept her plan secret, within her inner circle. She planned on proclaiming (surprise!!!🎉) a new constitution... and she ordered the military to put down any rebellion (that's a power play... and a bit tyrannical). That's a premidated crime. Unfortunately, someone leaked her plan. And the rest is history. Lili'uokalani instigated her own overthrow. Her plan was illegal. Many kanaka would've approved of her power grab and many westerners opposed it. Nevertheless, she overstepped her constitutional powers and suffered the consequences. She's a victim of her own arrogance.
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  755. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli. How did China conquer Tibet? ;)
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  756. Are you serious? Sorry, don't know if you're being sarcastic.
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  757. Unfortunately, this video is full of misinformation, historical inaccuracies and propaganda. Always independently research, verify and confirm what you read, see and hear.
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  758. The TMT isn't being constructed on any sacred land. They performed an exhaustive survey of the build site and confirmed that no heiau, ahu, petroglyphs, kanu iwi, kanu piko or places of pule/mele will be impacted. The TMT doesn't obstruct any religious, cultural, environmental or recreational practices. Its one mile away from the holy summit. Maunakea has 12 levels of sacredness from the sea floor to the summit. However, the kanaka often used the mauna for pragmatic reasons, with destructive consequences.The kupuna created the largest prehistoric adze quarry in the world, which covers 7 miles, is heavily concentrated around 1.5 square miles and extends up to 13,000 ft on the mauna. The kupuna scarred huge swaths of āina as they quarried basalt rock to make stone tools and weapons. They created an industrial complex with heiau, ahu, rock shelters, craft areas, signs and they left huge rock litters of destruction. That was all on the 'sacred' mauna, yea? Aloha āina? Nope. Fast forward to today. The Hawaiian Volcanic Observatory is built on the outer rim of the Kilauea Caldera, which is another sacred mauna and the physical manifestation of Pele. The 'protectors' aren't protecting that 'sacred' volcano. Why? Because they don't want to die from an eruption, fiery lava or noxious gases. The kia'i sure know how to compromise. Lulz. That's a major contradiction. The protesters can't claim that the mauna is sacred and nothing has been built there when the ancestors built a huge quarry on Maunakea and, today, a volcanic observatory exists on Kilauea. Mauna Kea connects Mother Earth with Father Sky just like a telescope bridges the āina with the lewa lani. It's the same form, fit and function - a natural fit. Spiritual practitioners can practice ancient astronomy while modern people can practice modern astronomy. The summit of Maunakea was restricted to high chiefs and priests (exclusively males). Then astronomers had the Mauna Kea Access Road constructed to support astronomy. Now, anybody can go up to the summit and enjoy that magical and beautiful place. Times change - for the better. Kanaka can even drive their 4x4, diesel trucks up the access road... and complain about astronomy... using their smartphones... created by science... to say dumb things... about astronomy. Irony, yea? The protesters don't support science. In the contested case hearing for the TMT conservation district use application, the protesters stated, on the public record, that they want ALL TELESCOPES REMOVED from the mauna. Brah, they don't love science. Protesters oppose astronomy, geothermal energy, wind farms and spaceports in Hawai'i Nei. It looks like they hate a whole lotta science. Not very akamai. Knowledge is power. You shame, you starve ;)
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  759. The U.S. never conquered Hawai'i. Even Queen Lili'uokalani formally testified, during the Blount and Morgan investigations, and wrote in her own book, Hawaii's Story, that U.S. soldiers played no active part in the Revolution of 1893. The Queen was overthrown by her own countrymen after she attempted to end the existing constitution and replace it with her own, which was illegal and unconstitutional.
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  760. James Dole was only 16 when the Revolution of 1893 happened. He didn't migrate to Hawai'i to start his fruit business until 1899, which was 6 years after the revolution and 1 year after the annexation.
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  761. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet. Lol
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  762.  @khust2993  Khust29, get ready to feel stupid.😄 Kmehameha conquered almost all the other hawaiian islands. Then he threatened and intimidated Kauai and Ni'ihau into submission where he ruled via proxy. Kamehameha fought a twenty year long war campaign to conquer Hawaii. He was a warlord and an imperialist! Later, the Hawaiian Kingdom claimed/annexed many other Pacific islands: Nihoa Pearl and Hermes Atoll Necker Island Laysan Lisianski Island Ocean Atoll Midway Atoll French Frigate Shoals Maro Reef Gardner Pinnacles Palmyra Atoll Johnston Atoll Jarvis Island Stewart Islands And King Kalākaua tried to build a Polynesian Confederation with many other islands (such as Samoa) Like I said, Kamehameha was a warlord and an imperialist. The Hawaiian Kingdom tried to build its own Pacific EMPIRE within Oceana.
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  763. @John Freddy The United States and Hawaiian Kingdom both built empires... except the United States was much larger and more successful! Hawaiians can't cry about imperialism when they tried to build their own.😄
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  764.  @ProfessorEGadd  Hawai'i is free. What freedom do they lack? Kanaka maoli can work, own property, vote and so on. The Hawaiian Kingdom experienced a great deal of social, economic and political unrest. After annexation, Hawai'i stabilized and enjoyed many benefits of the mainland United States. How would Hawai'i have been better off without the U.S.?
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  765.  @ralphiemcdingus2075  In 1898, the U.S. had significant sugar production from Louisiana, Texas and Cuba. Cuba-U.S. relations were pretty stable during that time period. Cuba was only an American protectorate, not a territory, and gained indpendence in 1902. Cuba made a lot of many off of sugar (just like the Hawaiian Kingdom). Cuban-American relations didn't become unstable until the Great Depression in 1929 (which caused sugar prices to drop) and the Cuban Revolution of 1953 (due to Batista's harsh regime). Many American politicians and businessmen opposed annexation of Hawai'i because of the undesirable competition from Hawaiian sugar.
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  766. Hawai'i wasn't colonized. Take a look at the history of the Hawaiian Kingdom.
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  767. Leave Maunakea outta this. There's nothing wrong with the TMT project. Imua TMT!
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  768. Italian-American Pizza. 😆🍕
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  769. Welcome to Hawai'i. It's full of hate, racism and propaganda. Did you think the person on the loudspeaker was telling the truth? Not even close. Queen Lili'uokalani tried an illegal and unconstitutional powergrab. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature, unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch. Always independently research, verify and confirm everything that you read, see and hear.
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  770. History is always more complicated. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  771.  @bradavon  Hawai'i was nothing like Crimea. The United States didn't steal Hawai'i. Did the U.S. fight any battles or wars with the Hawaiian Kingdom? Nope. Queen Lili'uokalani, the royalists, the insurgents and the American soldiers all testified and agreed that the U.S. soldiers played no active role in the Revolution of 1893.
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  772. Hawai'i is free :)
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  773. Kamehameha V overthrew the government in 1864. He prorogated the legislature, abrogated the 1852 Constitution, unilaterally created his own constitution and strengthened his autocratic powers (removed checks and balances, weakened power sharing and strengthened the king to be more like an absolute monarch), which was unconstitutional and illegal. Sound familiar? Queen Lili'uokalani tried to do the same thing. First, she tried to ammend the existing 1887 Constitution, but she repeatedly failed. Her supporters wanted her to do the same as Kamehameha V and just 'proclaim' a new constitution. She drafted the Constitution of 1893, but her Ministers wouldn't sign it because it was illegal and would cause civil unrest (i.e. riots and/or rebellion). Some of her ministers informed her political opponents about her scheme... and the rest is history. The Queen never submitted her Constitution for approval by the Legislature. She just wanted to proclaim the old one was dead and HER new one was the new law of the land, which was very illegal. It was a reckless power grab that cost her the throne.   King Kalākaua wasn't physically forced to sign the 1887 Constitution. His political enemies threatened to overthrow him if he didn't make political concessions. His political opponents didn't storm Palace 'Iolani and force him to sign a new constitution. Kalākaua had a weak government. He couldn't defend against their intimidation tactics. Instead of directly dealing with his problem via political negotiation/compromise, police response or military action,  he asked his international allies (United States, Great Britain, France, Japan, and Portugal) to help him, but they advised that he agree to the terms set by the Hawaiian League. He capitulated. No one physically put a gun to his head or bayonet to his throat. He conceded in order to save his throne. He didn't assert his authority and defend his government. Kalākaua was already a timid ruler and acted like a figurehead before the Revolution of 1887 even happened. Historically, there have been many civil/uncivil protests/riots/rebellions/revolutions that have changed politics, policy and government. The Right to Revolution goes all the way back to John Locke and even earlier. By its nature, every revolution is 'illegal' from the perspective of the side who lost. Lili'uokalani's Power Grab The Queen's draft of the 1893 Constitution had the following: - Members of the privy council, notary public, and agents would be able to run for the legislature. This was political double-dipping. For example, the Privy Council consisted of the King's cabinet ministers, who were politically aligned with the King. Queen Lili'uokalani wanted to allow her cabinet ministers to also be able to serve in the Legislature, which increases her political power. Also, it's fundamentally wrong to allow one person to serve in both the executive and legislative branches. - The Queen would be given the power to call meetings of the legislature. Queen Lili'uokalani tried to increase power for the sovereign (herself). - The Queen’s private lands and other property were made inviolable. The Kamehameha dynasty ended with Kamehameha V. Kalākaua and Lili'uokalani were no longer sovereigns with inviolable land and property. - The Queen would sign all bills before they became law. The 1887 constitution allowed the Legislature to repass bills with a two-thirds majority and overcome a sovereign's vetoe. Kalākua's reign was considered corrupt. The Legislative branch was given stronger, conditional approval authority. - Nobles would be appointed by the Queen instead of elected. Obviously, this gives more power to the sovereign because Lili'uokalani can appoint noblemen (instead of a more democratic election). The people would concede more power to the sovereign. - American and European residents, granted suffrage in 1887, would lose the right to vote. Voting rights would be taken away from a large demographic group. By 1893, the demographics of Hawai'i were roughly 1/3rd kanaka, 1/3rd westerners and 1/3rd asian. - The Queen would be able to appoint governors of each island for four years. More power for the sovereign. - Article 78 of the 1887 Constitution which required the monarch to perform "with the advice and consent of the Cabinet" was left out. This removed legislative checks-and-balances over the executive branch.
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  774. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch. Hawai'i isn't the same as Tibet.
    1
  775. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  776. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  777. Hawai'i is very, very different from Crimea.
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  778.  @ralphiemcdingus2075  Hawai'i had a high literacy rate because of western missionaries. Before Captain Cook arrived, we didn't even have a written language. The power generation, distribution and lighting for 'Iolani Palace was invented, manufactured and installed by westerners (namely American companies).
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  779. There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 ✔✔✔
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  780.  Max Smith  There's about a dozen groups in Hawai'i who all think that they're the legitimate government of the 'Hawaiian Kingdom'. They're building castles in the sky and doing nothing real to improve the lives and conditions of the lāhui. Everyone is trying to get rich and powerful with bogus independence scams.
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  781.  @ponokealii  The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch. Politically, the Apology Resolution was intended to help pave the way for federal tribal recognition of the Native Hawaiian people, just like the Native Americans. Legally, it had no effect on any settlement against the United States and didn't alter or modify the purity of land title own by the State of Hawaii. The Apology Bill doesn't support the hawaiian independence activists desire for secession and sovereignty. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the resolution was written with conciliatory and precatory language, not legal language that confers rights or acts as legislation. The Apology Resolution was an opinion statement, not a legal one. If you want federal recognition of the kanaka (similar to the Akaka Bill), then the Apology Bill is an olive branch that can be used to start that process. The Apology Bill doesn't legally support the hawaiian independence movement. The U.S. President, Congress and Military never enacted (or admitted) a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Government. The Apology Bill apoligized for the role that some U.S. citzens and expatriates played in the hawaiian revolution that overthrew the monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by a bloodless and peaceful coup of wealthy and powerful haole, who were denizens, citizens and royal subjects, of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The Morgan Report refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing since they didn't participate in the overthrow, support the hawaiian insurgents in any way and didn't act aggressively or violently against the monarchy. The Morgan Report was 1,176 pages of public interviews on all sides, with cross-examination and under oath (which the Blount Report did not do). The Apology Resolution is just a 5 page opinion statement full of 'whereas' clauses. It doesn't even remotely come close to refuting the Morgan Report. After the Morgan Report was released, President Cleveland withdrew all support for the the reinstatement of Lili'uokalani, continued diplomatic relations with the Republic of Hawaii and negotiated treaties with them. The Republic of Hawaii had firm control of the Hawaiian government and nation. Robert Wilcox led the Revolution of 1895, which tried to forcefully reinstate Lili'uokalani, but they failed. The new government defended its powers and cemented its control over the country for FIVE YEARS after the overthrow. The Hawaiian Kingdom was a weak country that consistently depended on the help of stronger, more powerful nations. The Kingdom couldn't defend itself against the French Crisis, Russian incursion into Kauai, Captain Lord Paulet's annexation for Britain, Kalākua election riots, Revolution of 1864, 1887, and 1893. It always required help from foreign powers. Early on, Hawai'i wanted to become a British protectorate. In 1851, during the French Crisis, King Kamehameha III secretly requested annexation by the United States, but (ironically) the U.S. declined. King Kalākaua wanted to make Hawai'i a Japanese protectorate, but the Emperor declined. In 1893, the Provisional Government requested annexation, but the U.S. declined again. In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation by the U.S. (a third time by Hawaii!!!), but this time it accepted. And this was five years after the overthrow. This hardly looks like American aggression. Hawai'i was a feeble country that always needed the protection of a Big Brother.
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  782.  @alapakeheanu4776  The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  783.  @alapakeheanu4776  The Great Mahele of 1848 was the biggest land policy failure of Hawaiian Kingdom history. The king, ali'i and konohiki screwed over the maka'ainana and took all the land for themselves. Only less than 1% of the maka'ainana got land, which was about 30,000 acres. The powerful kanaka monarchy and nobility class got 4 million acres. 1 million for the King, 1.5 million for the government and 1.5 million for the nobility. Even worse, the kanaka elitists mismanaged their finances and sold off a great deal of land to foreigners to repay debts. The allodial land rights were designed to protect powerful kanaka while the actual land policies screwed over the common folk, the real hawaiians, the ones who actually managed and cultivated the land for generations. There are many protesters who complain about their "allodial" rights because they're hungry for a huge windfall based on genealogical claim... because their ancestors exploited their own people for great personal gain. The feudal lords of chiefdom days became the royal nobility of the Hawaiian Kingdom. And the exploitation didn't stop. The Great Mahele was a Great Crime of kanaka-on-kanaka fraud. The āina is life, mana, wealth, prosperity and happiness. The kanaka royalty and nobility classes stole all the land and screwed over the commoners, who had tended the ahupua'a for generations. They put native hawaiians behind the eight ball.
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  784. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet. Lol
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  785. Mexico partied when they defeated Spain. Now, some people still whine about their loss to the Texans and the United States. The U.S. never fought any wars with the Hawaiian Kingdom.
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  786.  @anothergermanmapper7754  Bro, that NEA article was written by a guest writer. Dr. David Keanu Sai is a propagandist who pushes revisionist history. He wants Hawai'i to secede from the U.S. He retroactively tries to use today's laws for historical events that occurred before the laws were even created, which obviously can't be done. The U.S. never fought any wars with the Hawaiian Kingdom. Lol. Go ahead, can you name some major battles? Nope. How many U.S. and Hawaiian Kingdom casualties were there? Zero, the U.S. soldiers never engaged in combat. They didn't physically participate in the Revolution of 1893. Did the U.S. ever declare war? Nope, only the U.S. Legislative branch has the power to declare war. Congress made no such declaration. President Cleveland asked Congress to investigate alleged U.S. involvement in the Revolution of 1893. The Senate Committee delivered the Morgan Report, which exonerated the U.S. military or agents of any wrongdoing. President Cleveland then withdrew all of his support to reinstate the former queen, re-established diplomatic relations with the Hawaiian Republic and negotiated treaties with them.
    1
  787. The United States never colonized Hawai'i. That being said, every country (including the United States) has had colonies or conquered land. That's human nature. Even Polynesians would conquer one another or colonize other islands, which led to the displacement of other people. The Marquesians were the first aboriginal settlers of the Hawaiian Archipelago... until the Tahitians came along, conquered them and claimed power for themselves.
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  788.  Durian Durian  China isn't even a superpower yet ;)
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  789. We never forced Hawai'i to be a Territory or a State. The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation and 93% of voters CHOSE to become a state.
    1
  790. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  791.  @localTechno  Everyone has to protect their 'home' from others. Queen Lili'uokalani attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. She instigated her own overthrow. The Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles overthrew her during the Revolution of 1893. In 1895, Robert Wilcox tried to lead a counter-revolution but the royalists were defeated (again). Queen Lili'uokalani tried to create a revolution, but she failed and was unable to defend her throne, power and control over the country. Game Over. The Hawaiian Monarchy crumbled due to a classic power struggle, which is an ongoing theme in human history.
    1
  792. Politically, the Apology Resolution was intended to help pave the way for federal tribal recognition of the Native Hawaiian people, just like the Native Americans. Legally, it had no effect on any settlement against the United States and didn't alter or modify the purity of land title own by the State of Hawaii. The Apology Bill doesn't support the hawaiian independence activists desire for secession and sovereignty. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the resolution was written with conciliatory and precatory language, not legal language that confers rights or acts as legislation. The Apology Resolution was an opinion statement, not a legal one. If you want federal recognition of the kanaka (similar to the Akaka Bill), then the Apology Bill is an olive branch that can be used to start that process. The Apology Bill doesn't legally support the hawaiian independence movement. The U.S. President, Congress and Military never enacted (or admitted) a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Government. The Apology Bill apoligized for the role that some U.S. citzens and expatriates played in the hawaiian revolution that overthrew the monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by a bloodless and peaceful coup of wealthy and powerful haole, who were denizens, citizens and royal subjects, of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The Morgan Report refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing since they didn't participate in the overthrow, support the hawaiian insurgents in any way and didn't act aggressively or violently against the monarchy. The Morgan Report was 1,176 pages of public interviews on all sides, with cross-examination and under oath (which the Blount Report did not do). The Apology Resolution is just a 5 page opinion statement full of 'whereas' clauses. It doesn't even remotely come close to refuting the Morgan Report.
    1
  793. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  794.  @nasserineD  Did you actually think that this video objectively and fairly covered Hawaiian history? Nope. It's full of misinformation, half-truths and propaganda. For example, westerners traded with kanaka for 40 years before any missionaries arrived. In 1819, King Kamehameha abolished the old, ancestral religion, terminated the harsh kapu religious legal system and fought a war to defend his policies. The missionaries arrived SIX MONTHS LATER. By 1893, all of the missionaries were deemed successful and they had ended (decades earlier). The Hawaiian Kingdom government made a great deal of money from sugar (taxes, exports, etc). The U.S. produced a significant amount of sugar in Louisiana, Texas and Cuba. American politicians and businessmen opposed annexation of Hawaii because they didn't want to compete with Hawaiian sugar. History isn't simple, black-and-white, cut-and-dry. It's very complex.
    1
  795. Wouldn't it be your parents and grandparent's fault for not keeping the language and culture alive? Also, everyone is mixed. Did you honestly feel entitled to know three languages?
    1
  796.  @karnish4956  The content was full of historical inaccuracies, half-truths and propaganda. The editing was great, but the research was dreadful.
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  797. The U.S. didn't steal Hawai'i. There's no reason to be ashamed.
    1
  798.  @richardramfire3971  Kamehameha V overthrew the government in 1864. He prorogated the legislature, abrogated the 1852 Constitution, unilaterally created his own constitution and strengthened his autocratic powers (removed checks and balances, weakened power sharing and strengthened the king to be more like an absolute monarch), which was unconstitutional and illegal. Sound familiar? Queen Lili'uokalani tried to do the same thing. First, she tried to ammend the existing 1887 Constitution, but she repeatedly failed. Her supporters wanted her to do the same as Kamehameha V and just 'proclaim' a new constitution. She drafted the Constitution of 1893, but her Ministers wouldn't sign it because it was illegal and would cause civil unrest (i.e. riots and/or rebellion). Some of her ministers informed her political opponents about her scheme... and the rest is history. The Queen never submitted her Constitution for approval by the Legislature. She just wanted to proclaim the old one was dead and HER new one was the new law of the land, which was very illegal. It was a reckless power grab that cost her the throne.   King Kalākaua wasn't physically forced to sign the 1887 Constitution. His political enemies threatened to overthrow him if he didn't make political concessions. His political opponents didn't storm Palace 'Iolani and force him to sign a new constitution. Kalākaua had a weak government. He couldn't defend against their intimidation tactics. Instead of directly dealing with his problem via political negotiation/compromise, police response or military action,  he asked his international allies (United States, Great Britain, France, Japan, and Portugal) to help him, but they advised that he agree to the terms set by the Hawaiian League. He capitulated. No one physically put a gun to his head or bayonet to his throat. He conceded in order to save his throne. He didn't assert his authority and defend his government. Kalākaua was already a timid ruler and acted like a figurehead before the Revolution of 1887 even happened. Historically, there have been many civil/uncivil protests/riots/rebellions/revolutions that have changed politics, policy and government. The Right to Revolution goes all the way back to John Locke and even earlier. By its nature, every revolution is 'illegal' from the perspective of the side who lost. Lili'uokalani's Power Grab The Queen's draft of the 1893 Constitution had the following: - Members of the privy council, notary public, and agents would be able to run for the legislature. This was political double-dipping. For example, the Privy Council consisted of the King's cabinet ministers, who were politically aligned with the King. Queen Lili'uokalani wanted to allow her cabinet ministers to also be able to serve in the Legislature, which increases her political power. Also, it's fundamentally wrong to allow one person to serve in both the executive and legislative branches. - The Queen would be given the power to call meetings of the legislature. Queen Lili'uokalani tried to increase power for the sovereign (herself). - The Queen’s private lands and other property were made inviolable. The Kamehameha dynasty ended with Kamehameha V. Kalākaua and Lili'uokalani were no longer sovereigns with inviolable land and property. - The Queen would sign all bills before they became law. The 1887 constitution allowed the Legislature to repass bills with a two-thirds majority and overcome a sovereign's vetoe. Kalākua's reign was considered corrupt. The Legislative branch was given stronger, conditional approval authority. - Nobles would be appointed by the Queen instead of elected. Obviously, this gives more power to the sovereign because Lili'uokalani can appoint noblemen (instead of a more democratic election). The people would concede more power to the sovereign. - American and European residents, granted suffrage in 1887, would lose the right to vote. Voting rights would be taken away from a large demographic group. By 1893, the demographics of Hawai'i were roughly 1/3rd kanaka, 1/3rd westerners and 1/3rd asian. - The Queen would be able to appoint governors of each island for four years. More power for the sovereign. - Article 78 of the 1887 Constitution which required the monarch to perform "with the advice and consent of the Cabinet" was left out. This removed legislative checks-and-balances over the executive branch. If the Queen was proposing minor reforms, then her Constitution of 1893 wouldn't raise any eyebrows. But it wasn't minor. She was upset about the 1887 Constitution just like the westerners were upset about the 1864 Constitution. Queen Lili'uokalani was attempting a major power grab. And, no, the Legislature wasn't ready to pass the new constitution. The Revolution of 1887 had caused a significant power shift. Queen Lili'uokalani kept her plan secret, within her inner circle. She planned on proclaiming (surprise!!!🎉) a new constitution... and she ordered the military to put down any rebellion (that's a power play... and a bit tyrannical). That's a premidated crime. Unfortunately, someone leaked her plan. And the rest is history. Lili'uokalani instigated her own overthrow. Her plan was illegal. Sure, many kanaka would've approved of her power grab and many westerners opposed it. Nevertheless, she overstepped her constitutional powers and suffered the consequences. She's a victim of her own arrogance.
    1
  799.  @hypstermyster  You hit the nail on the head. It's 'journalistic activism', which is just fancy propaganda. Most people watch these slickly created videos and believe a carefully crafted lie (that doesn't hold up to basic scrutiny). We need to always independently verify what we read, see and hear. This fake journalism does nothing but harm to understanding history and solving today and future problems.
    1
  800. 93% of Hawaiian voters chose statehood in 1959. What 'illegitimacy'?
    1
  801. And China respects the territorial integrity of Taiwan. Hong Kong... not so much ;)
    1
  802.  @unluckySomeone  The Great Mahele of 1848 was the biggest land policy failure of Hawaiian Kingdom history. The king, ali'i and konohiki screwed over the maka'ainana and took all the land for themselves. Only less than 1% of the maka'ainana got land, which was about 30,000 acres. The powerful kanaka monarchy and nobility class got 4 million acres. 1 million for the King, 1.5 million for the government and 1.5 million for the nobility. Even worse, the kanaka elitists mismanaged their finances and sold off a great deal of land to foreigners to repay debts. The allodial land rights were designed to protect powerful kanaka while the actual land policies screwed over the common folk, the real hawaiians, the ones who actually managed and cultivated the land for generations. There are many protesters who complain about their "allodial" rights because they're hungry for a huge windfall based on genealogical claim... because their ancestors exploited their own people for great personal gain. The feudal lords of chiefdom days became the royal nobility of the Hawaiian Kingdom. And the exploitation didn't stop. The Great Mahele was a Great Crime of kanaka-on-kanaka fraud. The āina is life, mana, wealth, prosperity and happiness. The kanaka royalty and nobility classes stole all the land and screwed over the commoners, who had tended the ahupua'a for generations. They put native hawaiians behind the eight ball. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch. The United States didn't steal Hawai'i.
    1
  803.  @unluckySomeone  Brah, don't be lazy. Independently research and verify everything you read, see and hear. The mo'olelo hawai'i is very complicated. It def ain't as simple as they 'stole it'.
    1
  804.  @avisheksarraf2046  During their colonization time periods, the Spanish and Portuguese were infamous for brutality, cruelty and human rights violations. Also, Imperial Japan didn't treat aboriginal people very well. Did you think your country was perfect? Lol
    1
  805. And they're all equally full of misinformation and propaganda ;)
    1
  806.  @Chuck_vs._The_Comment_Section  It still doesn't change that those videos are full of historical inaccuracies, mistruths and propaganda. It's POLITICAL satire intended to promote misinformation. Most people don't know much about their own history, let alone Hawaii's. History isn't simple, black-and-white and cut-and-dry. But those videos are lazy and dumb at. Lol
    1
  807.  @Chuck_vs._The_Comment_Section  I'm glad that you agree that these videos are misleading and full of falsehoods.😉👍
    1
  808.  @Chuck_vs._The_Comment_Section  Did you think those videos were historically accurate and objective, and not propaganda?
    1
  809.  @Chuck_vs._The_Comment_Section  It's propaganda, not fighting words.😌 Did you actually believe those cheap, biased videos? Lol. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature, unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  810. Hawai'i was united by Kamehameha, who was a Warlord and an Imperialist.
    1
  811.  @utibeumoh6055  It is a fair question. Hawai'i is located in an extremely strategic location for economic, political and military power. It's right in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. Also, the territory is very small and difficult to defend as an independent, sovereign nation. Hawaii's greatest asset is agriculture, but its extreme remote isolation makes its imports and exports far too expensive. Agriculture is currently dead in Hawai'i Nei. Everything is cheaper on mainland America and Asia. 90% of Hawaii's energy is imported and it lacks the mineral and other critical resources to maintain a first world status. Historically, Hawai'i has been challenged by the French, British, Russia, United States and its own population (Revolution of 1893) and it was unable to defend itself. Hawai'i often needed the intervention of other, more powerful countries to settle its international conflicts (French Crisis, Paulet Affair, Russian incursion into Kauai, Kalākaua Election Riots, etc). President Cleveland described it as a 'feeble' country. Who would've been a better country to annex Hawai'i than Great Britain or the United States? Hawai'i is now safe because it's backed by the largest superpower in the world.
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  812. Hi!
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  813. The U.S. didn't 'steal' Hawai'i.
    1
  814. Do you think everyone will get rid of their nuclear weapons? Nope, the genie is already out of the bottle.
    1
  815. Or how Hawai'i stole Hawai'i. Or how Britain stole Britain Or how France stole France. Or how China stole China. Or how India stole India. Or how Russia stole Russia. Or how <Country> stole <Same Country>😉
    1
  816. Hawai'i wasn't stolen. The U.S. did acquire a lot of land via wars and legal purchase.
    1
  817. Share this with them, too! The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  818. In 1893, the Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles (1,100-1,600 armed militiamen) overthrew Queen Lili'uokalani who was attempting to prorogate the legislature, abrogate the existing constitution, unilaterally create her own constitution, strengthen her autocratic powers and defend her revolution with military force (which was all highly illegal and unconstitutional). The U.S. landed 162 soldies with strict orders of neutrality on a peacekeeping mission to protect American lives and property, but they played no active role in the revolution. In 1898 (five years after the revolution), the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation and the U.S accepted the offer. How exactly did the U.S. 'steal' Hawai'i???
    1
  819. It's not the same. It's a huge myth that the Hawaiian language was banned/eradicated by the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii or United States. The Hawaiian Kingdom enacted an education policy that highly favored English before the overthrow of the monarchy in 1893. King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1855): "To foster education and widen every channel that leads to knowledge, is one of our most imperative duties... It is of the highest importance, in my opinion, that education in the English language should become more general, for it is my firm conviction that unless my subjects become educated in this tongue, their hope of intellectual progress, and of meeting the foreigners on terms of equality, is a vain one." King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1856) that he was satisfied with the Board of Education's progress on English instruction "It is particularly gratifying to know that instruction in the English language is prosecuted with so much success among my native subjects. I recommend you to make as liberal a provision for the support of this class of schools as the state of my Treasury will admit." And this Hawaiian Kingdom Policy was very successful in adopting the English language as the main language of education and instruction. 1881: 66% English, 33% Hawaiian 1887: 84% English,16% Hawaiian  1892: 95% English, 5% Hawaiian 1896: 97% English, 3% Hawaiian
    1
  820. Most (a huge majority) prefer to be a state and part of the U.S. There's only a small fringe group that prefers independence.
    1
  821. The United States didn't steal Hawai'i. Learn the mo'olelo hawai'i.
    1
  822. And it's also probably inaccurate. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  823. If you're a tour guide and you think THIS is accurate history, then you must be a horrible tour guide. Lol. This video is full of historical inaccuracies, half-truths and propaganda.
    1
  824.  @annemiura7767  This video did a great job of omitting historical facts and events and distorting history to promote a false narrative. It was very poorly researched.
    1
  825.  @nick-k7k  Propaganda bot?!😂 Is that your lazy counterargument? Lol
    1
  826.  @dusk5956  This video was full of historical misinformation, half-truths and propaganda. Johnny Harris didn't do a great job with his research and preparation. This wasn't a fair and objective analysis.
    1
  827.  @jamesolelo4406  Brah, was that supposed to be a weak counterargument? Or just a weak clapback?😂
    1
  828. The Russian invasion and war of Ukraine was nothing like Hawai'i. The United States didn't invade or fight any battles against the Kingdom of Hawai'i. There is no historical evidence (from royalists, rebels or U.S. soldiers) that the U.S. military participated in the Revolution of 1893. Johnny Harris has intentionally committed a great deal of historical information. This video is full of historical half truths, inaccuracies and propaganda.
    1
  829. British and Americans were trading with Hawai'i for thirty years before any missionaries arrived. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old, ancestral religion, commanded all heiau to be destroyed and terminated the harsh, oppressive kapu religious law six months before missionaries came to Hawai'i.
    1
  830. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  831. Robert Wilcox led the revolution of 1895 and, after several battles, the royalists were defeated by the insurgents. The Republic of Hawaii defended its government and cemented its control over the country.
    1
  832.  @MrHistory269  No, Queen Lili'uokalani didn't have the moral high ground. She planned to effectively overthrow the government and increase the monarchy's powers... AND... she was willing to use force to defend her revolution. She wanted to abrogate the existing constitution and just magically proclaim (HER) new constitution. She instructed her supporters to defend her actions: Early in January I mentioned to Captain Nowlein of the household guards, and Mr. Wilson the marshall, my intentions to promulgate a new constitution, and to  prepare themselves to quell any riot or outbreak from the opposition. They assured me they would be ready; and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy... [her formal, written testimony to Commissioner Blount] But, when push came to shove, Lili'uokalani got cold feet after her government was surrounded and overrun by 1,100 - 1,600 armed militiamen (her own royal subjects)... so she surrendered, abdicated the throne and pledged loyalty to the new government.
    1
  833. Every country has 'stolen' land, even your own. That being said, the United States didn't 'steal' Hawai'i.
    1
  834. Hawai'i was nothing like Ukraine. Nice try. Lol
    1
  835. Westerners were trading and interacting with kanaka for forty years BEFORE the missionaries arrived. It was business first. Lol
    1
  836. Did you actually believe this video? Lol
    1
  837. It's a huge myth that the Hawaiian language was banned/eradicated by the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii or United States. The Hawaiian Kingdom enacted an education policy that highly favored English before the overthrow of the monarchy in 1893. King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1855): "To foster education and widen every channel that leads to knowledge, is one of our most imperative duties... It is of the highest importance, in my opinion, that education in the English language should become more general, for it is my firm conviction that unless my subjects become educated in this tongue, their hope of intellectual progress, and of meeting the foreigners on terms of equality, is a vain one." King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1856) that he was satisfied with the Board of Education's progress on English instruction "It is particularly gratifying to know that instruction in the English language is prosecuted with so much success among my native subjects. I recommend you to make as liberal a provision for the support of this class of schools as the state of my Treasury will admit." And this Hawaiian Kingdom Policy was very successful in adopting the English language as the main language of education and instruction. 1881: 66% English, 33% Hawaiian 1887: 84% English,16% Hawaiian  1892: 95% English, 5% Hawaiian 1896: 97% English, 3% Hawaiian
    1
  838.  @tOnySi  Brah, if 'white' people never visited Hawai'i, then we would still be living in the Stone Age. Brah, do you even know mo'olelo hawai'i? If Captain Cook never visited the islands, then some other powerful Europeans would've discovered the islands, such as the Spanish or Portuguese (who were people of 'color' and had a history, during that time period, of being cruel to other native peoples). Next, the Marquesians were the first aboriginal colonizers of the Hawaiian archipelago. The Tahitians showed up a few hundred years later to take control of all the islands, create a feudal caste system, impose a new religion, enforce harsh kapu religious law and oppress the maka'āinana for centuries. Did the other chiefdoms like it when Kamehameha killed them and stole all their āina, mana and wealth? Did the British like it when the American colonists seceded from the Empire? No, the British considered them as traitors, secessionist and terrorists just like Queen Lili'uokalani considered the Committee of Safety and insurgents. Ironically, Queen Lili'uokalani was also a traitor because she took an oath to uphold, protect and defend the constitution. Instead of trying to solve problems with political solutions, she tried to take a shortcut with armed revolution and a power play that backfired on her. Play stupid games, when stupid prizes.
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  839. Would you prefer Kamehameha?😘💀
    1
  840. Anita, you're still wrong ;) The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  841. There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 ✔✔✔
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  842.  @anitamendez116  History is very interesting. Even Queen Lili'uokalani admitted that she tried to overthrow the government - in her own book, Hawaii's Story. Hawaiian independence activists have overactive imaginations and believe in fairytales. They spread crazy propaganda :)
    1
  843. How about how the Fench stole Louisiana?
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  844.  @lalouisianecreole4883  I didn't know that the French were also Native American ;) You fully understand my point, monsieur. I have no problem with the conquest by the Native Americans, French or Americans. Everyone conquered and was conquered.
    1
  845. The United States never fought any battles or wars with Hawai'i. The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation in 1898. The Hawaiian Legislature unanimously approved it and the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives ratified it with a two thirds majority. Gunpoint? LMAO!😂
    1
  846.  @winterlilikoi1899  It wasn't at gunpoint. Lol. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  847.  @winterlilikoi1899  Queen Lili'uokalani and the Hui Kālaiʻāina opposed the 1887 Constitution. They wanted to amend it and regain power. They organized a petition for a new constitution. Lili'uokalani claimed that "out of a possible 9500 registered voters, 6500, or two-thirds, had signed these petitions" and she couldn't ignore their request and be "deaf to the voice of the people, which tradition tells us is the voice of God." Unfortunately, the petitions have been lost to history, only a small, incomplete part remains. Queen Lili'uokalani repeatedly tried to amend the 1887 Constitution, but all her efforts failed. So she tried a very risky and illegal move. She wanted to abrogate the existing constitution, prorogate the legislature, unilaterally make her own, promulgate it via (magical) royal proclamation and defend her revolution with the military. This was very illegal and unconstitutional. And it backfired on her - very badly. She instigated her own overthrow. She used the 'will of the people' as a pretense for a power grab. Lili'uokalani's Power Grab The Queen's draft of the 1893 Constitution had the following: - Members of the privy council, notary public, and agents would be able to run for the legislature. This was political double-dipping. For example, the Privy Council consisted of the King's cabinet ministers, who were politically aligned with the King. Queen Lili'uokalani wanted to allow her cabinet ministers to also be able to serve in the Legislature, which increases her political power. Also, it's fundamentally wrong to allow one person to serve in both the executive and legislative branches. - The Queen would be given the power to call meetings of the legislature. Queen Lili'uokalani tried to increase power for the sovereign (herself). - The Queen’s private lands and other property were made inviolable. The Kamehameha dynasty ended with Kamehameha V. Kalākaua and Lili'uokalani were no longer sovereigns with inviolable land and property. - The Queen would sign all bills before they became law. The 1887 constitution allowed the Legislature to repass bills with a two-thirds majority and overcome a sovereign's vetoe. Kalākua's reign was considered corrupt. The Legislative branch was given stronger, conditional approval authority. - Nobles would be appointed by the Queen instead of elected. Obviously, this gives more power to the sovereign because Lili'uokalani can appoint noblemen (instead of a more democratic election). The people would concede more power to the sovereign. - American and European residents, granted suffrage in 1887, would lose the right to vote. Voting rights would be taken away from a large demographic group. By 1893, the demographics of Hawai'i were roughly 1/3rd kanaka, 1/3rd westerners and 1/3rd asian. - The Queen would be able to appoint governors of each island for four years. More power for the sovereign. - Article 78 of the 1887 Constitution which required the monarch to perform "with the advice and consent of the Cabinet" was left out. This removed legislative checks-and-balances over the executive branch. If the Queen was proposing minor reforms, then her Constitution of 1893 wouldn't raise any eyebrows. But it wasn't minor. She was upset about the 1887 Constitution just like the westerners were upset about the 1864 Constitution. Queen Lili'uokalani was attempting a major power grab. And, no, the Legislature wasn't ready to pass the new constitution. The Revolution of 1887 had caused a significant power shift. Queen Lili'uokalani kept her plan secret, within her inner circle. She planned on proclaiming (surprise!!!🎉) a new constitution... and she ordered the military to put down any rebellion (that's a power play... and a bit tyrannical). That's a premidated crime. Unfortunately, someone leaked her plan. And the rest is history. Lili'uokalani instigated her own overthrow. Her plan was illegal. Sure, many kanaka would've approved of her power grab and many westerners opposed it. Nevertheless, she overstepped her constitutional powers and suffered the consequences. She's a victim of her own arrogance. Too bad, so sad.
    1
  848.  @winterlilikoi1899  No problem, go ahead and address the first one. The United States didn't steal Hawai'i at gunpoint. The Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles were denizens, citizen and royals subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom. Even Queen Lili'uokalani admitted that the U.S. soldiers didn't take part in the Revolution of 1893. Big difference.
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  849. The United States didn't 'steal' Hawai'i. Lol
    1
  850. James Dole didn't migrate to Hawai'i to start his fruit business until 1899, which was six years after the Revolution of 1893 and one year after the Annexation of 1898.
    1
  851. The United States never took Hawai'i by force. Name a major battle between the U.S. and Hawaiian Kingdom? Lol
    1
  852.  @davidstevens3371  By definition, force implies violence. Obviously. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch. But, meh, she didn't care about the constitution. President Cleveland asked Congress to investigate alleged U.S. involvement in the Revolution of 1893. The Senate Committee on Foreign Relations released the Morgan Report, which refuted the previous Blount Report and exonerated the U.S. military and agents. Cleveland then withdrew all support for the deposed Queen, continued diplomatic relations with the Republic of Hawaii and negotiated treaties between the two countries. The United States didn't 'steal' Hawai'i. Queen Lili'uokalani was reckless and arrogant. She caused her own downfall. Yessah Blessah!😆
    1
  853.  @davidstevens3371  Nah, I'm not a teacher, but I've done enough independent research where I could be a teacher. I can write most of this off the top of my head. Lol
    1
  854.  @davidstevens3371  In short, many islanders were upset because the monarchy was overthrown and they lost, which is hard to accept. Some people like to claim that they were 'forced' by the U.S. to be 'American', which plays into the victim mentality. In reality, the rebels defeated the royalists in one day with a surrender that was pretty embarrassing (no major fighting or bloodshed). That's why some people will say that the Queen gave up because 'she loved her people and was afraid of genocide'. Then there are the people who say the Queen was tricked. It's easier to say you were 'tricked' or 'cheated' because it hides how the Queen was too scared to fight. She knew that her plan to suddenly proclaim a new constitution (which was illegal) would potentially cause civil unrest or riots. She definitely remembered what happened to Kalākaua and the Revolution of 1887. So she instructed her military to suppress any opposition, if needed. However, when she saw 1,100 - 1,600 militiamen surround and raid the government buildings, she knew she bit off more than she could chew. She got cold feet and surrendered. King Kamehameha would've fought like a lion and gone down swinging, but she went out like a lamb. Even worse, she provoked the counter-revolution and cost the country its independence. That's why some people say the Queen's defeat was 'forced', an 'act of love' or a 'trick'. Some people can't hold an L. Even worse, what happened 127 years ago doesn't really matter for today. Those shirts are propaganda... and salty alternative facts.
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  855.  @davidstevens3371  I've studied some of the more modern stuff, like Mauna Kea and the Thirty Meter Telescope. That's another circus show. Lol
    1
  856. Hawaiian Kings intentionally blended western systems (education, religion, economic, political and military) with native hawaiian traditions. The Hawaiian Kingdom was a very western-style country.
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  857.  @clightning9703  Do you even know Hawaiian history? Lol. The Hawaiian Kingdom had rifles, artillery, gatlin guns and a gunboat.
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  858.  @clightning9703  Are you kidding me? Lol. King Kamehameha was able to conquer all the island chiefdoms with great western help (weapons, supplies, tactics, training, counsel and combat support). Peaceful? He waged a 20 year war with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer the islands. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for his Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and imperialist. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is called Hawai'i. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. The Hawaiian Kingdom had strong ties to western traders and purchased modern weaponry. Kamehameha traded sandalwood to amass a great fortune and obtain all the weapons he would need to create and keep his Kingdom. Before Captain Cook even visited Hawai'i, there was over a hundred years of continuous, episodic warfare. The kanaka were maintaining and fielding incredibly large armies. And they were crossing dozens of miles of sea (in canoes) to fight their island neighbors. Lol
    1
  859.  @clightning9703  The Native Hawaiians weren't docile and harmonious. It's far from the truth. They had a four month Makahiki season of peace to given thanks to th god Lono, which meant that the other eight months were a season for conflict/war. Before Captain Cook arrived, there was LOTS of War. Kamehameha conquered almost all the other hawaiian islands. Then he threatened and intimidated Kauai and Ni'ihau into submission where he ruled via proxym Later, the Hawaiian Kingdom claimed/annexed many other Pacific islans: Nihoa Pearl and Hermes Atoll Necker Island Laysan Lisianski Island Ocean Atoll Midway Atoll French Frigate Shoals Maro Reef Gardner Pinnacles Palmyra Atoll Johnston Atoll Jarvis Island Stewart Islands And King Kalākaua tried to build a Polynesian Confederation with many other islands (such as Samoa) Like I said, Kamehameha was a warlord and an imperialist. The Hawaiian Kingdom tried to build its own Pacific EMPIRE within Oceana. The kanaka maoli weren't a peaceful indigenous people. That's a romantic myth.
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  860.  @clightning9703  The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch. Technically, the U.S. did 'save' Hawai'i from a potential Civil War between the rebels and royalists. They stabilized the region.
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  861. Hawai'i is no longer a country. It was legally annexed in 1898.
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  862. This video is full of many historical inaccuracies, half-truths and propaganda. Always perform your own independent research to confirm what you read, see and hear. Queen Lili'uokalani tried to prorogate the legislature, abrogate the existing constitution, unilaterally create her OWN constitution, strengthen her autocratic powers and defend her revolution with military force (which was highly illegal and unconstitutional)... but people found out about her secret scheme, organized, mobilized and overthrew her instead in a successful counter-revolution. She instigated her own overthrow. Aloha 'Oe.
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  863. The United States didn't fight any battles or wars against the Hawaiian Kingdom. Russia invaded Ukraine with one hundred thousand soldiers, thousand of tanks and armored vehicles and hundreds of aircraft. The U.S. had one warship, landed 162 Marines and Sailors, were given strict orders of neutrality, and they didn't participate in any battles. Even Queen Lili'uokalani formally testified that the U.S. military didn't fight with or help the rebels.
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  864. The British and U.S. propped up the Hawaiian Kingdom as a country for its entire life. Lol. The Hawaiian Kingdom wanted protectorate status from Great Britain, but they declined. In 1851, during the French Crisis, King Kamehameha III requested annexation by the U.S., but (ironically) Secretary of State Daniel Webster declined.
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  865.  @pakelika100  You need sources? Lol. Did you think ~1,000 years of alien, invasive species (pigs, chickens, dogs, rats, plants, insects, disease, etc) and human settlement, hunting, farming, timber harvesting, fire clearing, warfare, etc didn't have a massive destructive impact on the endemic flora and fauna of the island ecosystem? War is a costly enterprise. Cook, Vancouver and other westerners noted in their travel journals that they were surprised by the level of deforestation on the islands. Canoes don't grow on trees; they're made from them. Lol. The exploitation of nature didn't stop. King Kamehameha commanded that the maka'āinana harvest the lucrative sandalwood trees for trade. Within a few decades, the sandalwood supply was depleted due to overharvesting. You clearly don't know Hawaiian history.
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  866. Hawai'i had the kauwā who were the lowest members of the feudal caste system. They were slaves and also used for human sacrifice. The United States never instituted slavery in Hawai'i.
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  867. Nah, cousin, Hawai'i wasn't 'stolen'. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  868.  @latenyts6480  The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
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  869.  @latenyts6480  It's a huge myth that the Hawaiian language was banned/eradicated by the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii or United States. The Hawaiian Kingdom enacted an education policy that highly favored English before the overthrow of the monarchy in 1893. King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1855): "To foster education and widen every channel that leads to knowledge, is one of our most imperative duties... It is of the highest importance, in my opinion, that education in the English language should become more general, for it is my firm conviction that unless my subjects become educated in this tongue, their hope of intellectual progress, and of meeting the foreigners on terms of equality, is a vain one." King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1856) that he was satisfied with the Board of Education's progress on English instruction "It is particularly gratifying to know that instruction in the English language is prosecuted with so much success among my native subjects. I recommend you to make as liberal a provision for the support of this class of schools as the state of my Treasury will admit." And this Hawaiian Kingdom Policy was very successful in adopting the English language as the main language of education and instruction. 1881: 66% English, 33% Hawaiian 1887: 84% English,16% Hawaiian  1892: 95% English, 5% Hawaiian 1896: 97% English, 3% Hawaiian
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  870.  @latenyts6480  The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  871. President Cleveland also asked Congress to investigate alleged U.S. involvement in the Revolution of 1893. The Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report, which exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing. Cleveland then withdrew all his support to reinstate the deposed queen, re-established diplomatic relations with the Republic of Hawai'i and negotiated treaties with them.
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  872. I doubt you know Hawaiian history. Did you think this video was historically accurate? What convinced you to believe in this propaganda? Was it the sexy maps? Or the phrase Jesus Sugar-Loving Americans'? Lol. This video was full of a historical inaccuracies, half truths and propaganda.
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  873. Politically, the Apology Resolution was intended to help pave the way for federal tribal recognition of the Native Hawaiian people, just like the Native Americans. Legally, it had no effect on any settlement against the United States and didn't alter or modify the purity of land title own by the State of Hawaii. The Apology Bill doesn't support the hawaiian independence activists desire for secession and sovereignty. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the resolution was written with conciliatory and precatory language, not legal language that confers rights or acts as legislation. The Apology Resolution was an opinion statement, not a legal one. If you want federal recognition of the kanaka (similar to the Akaka Bill), then the Apology Bill is an olive branch that can be used to start that process. The Apology Bill doesn't legally support the hawaiian independence movement. The U.S. President, Congress and Military never enacted (or admitted) a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Government. The Apology Bill apoligized for the role that some U.S. citzens and expatriates played in the hawaiian revolution that overthrew the monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by a bloodless and peaceful coup of wealthy and powerful haole, who were denizens, citizens and royal subjects, of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The Morgan Report refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing since they didn't participate in the overthrow, support the hawaiian insurgents in any way and didn't act aggressively or violently against the monarchy. The Morgan Report was 1,176 pages of public interviews on all sides, with cross-examination and under oath (which the Blount Report did not do). The Apology Resolution is just a 5 page opinion statement full of 'whereas' clauses. It doesn't even remotely come close to refuting the Morgan Report.
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  874.  @neozeon2567  Hawai'i was never colonized. Let me clarify... Did Kamehameha conquer and unify the islands on his own? No, he needed great help from westerners (British and Americans). Did the United States or Great Britain declare or claim Hawai'i as a colony? No. Did kanaka, westerners and asians build the country together? Yes, every step of the way. Were the westerners and asians denizens, citizens and royal subjects of Hawai'i? Yes. Did the westerners and asians live, work, pay taxes and support the Hawaiian Kingdom? Yes, the haole had a long history with Hawai'i from 1777 through 1893. Was the Hawaiian Kingdom a multiethnic, multicultural and multinational society? Yes. Did the Hawaiian Kingdom requested protectorate status or annexation from other countries? Yes. King Kamehameha wanted to make Hawai'i a British protectorate. King Kamehameha III requested annexation by the United States. King Kalākaua wanted to become a Japanese protectorate. Did the United States 'steal' Hawai'i? No, the U.S. declined an annexation request in 1851 and 1893. The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation in 1898 (five years after the monarchy's overthrow) and the U.S. accepted. If the U.S. were greedy, landgrabbing colonialists, then why didn't they grab Hawai'i sooner? They weren't. Did the United States overthrow the Monarchy? No, the Morgan Report exonerated the U.S. soldiers and agents of any involvement in the Revolution of 1893. I suggest you look at the Committee of Safety and the Honolulu Rifles. There were 1,100 - 1,600 angry hawaiians who overthrew Queen Lili'uokalani after she attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. Some Hawaiians wanted to maintain the monarchy, some wanted a republic and some wanted annexation. Was Hawai'i an American colony? No, it was a country that got annexed by the U.S. after the Revolution of 1893 led to the creation of a provisional government and later the Republic of Hawaii. The rebels had control of the government and requested annexation. Did some colonists object to secession from the British Empire? Yes. Did some Texans object to annexation? Yes. Did some Californians object annexation? Yes. Did some kanaka object to Kamehameha's conquest of Hawai'i? Yes. Does it matter? No, the government decides what happens with the territory. There's no requirement for public referendum or plebiscite. Did 93% of Hawaiian voters choose statehood? Yes. Did the hawaiians receive all the same rights as Americans? Yes. The Organic Act of 1900 gave hawaiians U.S. citizencitizenship and the Statehood Act of 1959 gave them representation in Congress and the right to vote in fededal elections. See, it's not a colony ;)
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  875.  @myopicthunder  The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  876.  @ameerhejazi2746  In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation (five years after the overthrow) and the U.S. accepted. Why should the U.S. give it back? In 1851, during the French Crisis, King Kamehameha III requested annexation by the United States, but (ironically) Secretary of State Daniel Webster declined. In 1898, the U.S. accepted.
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  877.  @pedro.mmm9  The huge majority of hawaiians don't want independence and like being American.
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  878.  @pakelika100  Slow down, Pat, you can't dismiss the Morgan Report that easily (but I know you want to😉). There were some people on both sides of this debate who used racist arguments to support/oppose annexation. Blount and Morgan both had checkered, racist pasts. However, the Morgan report was considered to be the more thorough and objective report because witness interviews happened in public under sworn oath and with cross examination and he interviewed participants from all sides, which had not happened in the Blount investigation. Many people criticized the integrity of Blount's investigation. Commissioner Blount was the only person who investigated and wrote the Blount Report. President Cleveland secretely appointed one (1) person to act on his behalf, delegated him a high level of authority and power, didn't receive Senate confirmation and he didn't even notify the Senate of his appointment. Cleveland gave one man paramount power and secret instructions to investigate the revolution and provisional government. And how did Blount conduct his investigation? He had private and informal conversations with royalists and annexationists. However, he only requested that royalists meet with him to give formal statements, which weren't under oath, and they were recorded by a stenographer to be later memorialized in the Blount Report. After only ONE WEEK in office, President Cleveland empowered ONE MAN to secretly conduct an investigation that was lopsided and lacked integrity. Cleveland was trying to reinstate his friend Liliuokalani as soon as possible. Blount falsely claimed that the United States military and agents overthrew the government. Cleveland declared that the revolution was improper due to alleged U.S. involvement. He asked Congress to quickly investigate the matter and resolve the issue, i.e. reinstate Lili'uokalani (former Queen) to her throne. The Senate Committee of Foreign Relations then commissioned an investigation, which led to the Morgan Report, the repudiation of the Blount Report and the exoneration of the U.S. military and agents. The U.S. President (Cleveland) was a Democrat and the Democrats had majority control of the Senate. The Senate Committee on Foreign Relations consisted of nine (9) members - five (5) Democrats and four (4) Republicans. The Blount Report involved one person while the Morgan Report involved a Committee of nine, non-partisan committee members of the Senate. The Committee on Foreign Relations required  that 1) witnesses from both sides (royalist and annexationist) undergo formal interview, 2) interviews occurred in open, public hearings, 3) witnesses were sworn under oath to tell the truth and 4) witnesses could be cross-examined. In contrast, Blount held formal interviews with only royalists, held secret, private meetings, didn't require testimony under oath and there was no cross-examination. The Morgan Report repudiated the Blount Report and exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing. The Senate Committee on Foreign Relations conducted a more objective, non-biased, transparent and procedural investigation than Blount. Even the dissenting monority opinion agreed that U.S. soldiers remained neutral during the overthrow. The Morgan Report is still, to this day, the official, last word and final government report on U.S. military involvement in the Hawaiian overthrow. President Cleveland accepted the conclusions of the Morgan Report, withdrew his support for the reinstatement of Liliuokalani, engaged in diplomatic relations with the Provisional Government, provided formal recognition of the Republic of Hawaii and established diplomatic ties and treaties with the new country. All of the Hawaiian Kingdom's allies (all nineteen!) and treaty partners provided de facto and formal recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Territory of Hawaii. The international community legitimized every step of Hawaii's transition from Hawaiian Kingdom, to Provisional Government, to Republic of Hawaii and to Territory of the United States.
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  879.  @pakelika100  Many Native Hawaiian activist and other groups lobbied HARD for statehood. Prince Kūhio even wrote the first Statehood bill in 1919. Lol
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  880. Did you know that Queen Lili'uokalani attempted to overthrow the government and this illegal and unconstitutional act led to her overthrow? That's very shady, but this vid won't talk about all the history... just the things that suits his propaganda narrative.
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  881. The U.S. didn't steal Hawai'i. Lol. Also, there were many American politicians and businessmen who opposed annexation of Hawai'i because the U.S. already had significant sugar production in Louisiana, Texas and Cuba.
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  882. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet, Hong Kong, Taiwan, etc
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  883. How was the United States like the 'Nazis' in Hawai'i? Do you even know Hawaiian history?
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  884. Brah, plenty of people who talk about 'our āina' don't actually care about our āina. Lol
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  885. You can easily read up on all of this conflicts. It's never a simple, black-and-white, cut-and-dry reason. Russia's invasion of Ukraine is aggressive expansionism. Putin has publicly stated that he wants to conquer Ukraine and reclaim the glory of the Soviet Union. NATO was designed to specifically counter any Soviet (or Russian) threats in Europe.
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  886. This vid was full of historical inaccuracies, half-truths and propaganda.
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  887. The U.S. didn't steal Hawai'i. Are you nothing but your DNA? If so, then how many crimes did your ancestors commit? Lol
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  888. Captain Cook discovered Hawai'i in 1778. Westerners were interacting with kanaka for 40 years BEFORE missionaries even arrived. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old, ancestral religion, commanded all the heiau to be destroyed and terminated the harsh, oppressive kapu religious legal system. The missionaries arrived six months later.
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  889. Kanaka and Westerners were trading for 40 years before the missionaries arrived. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old ancestral religion, terminated the harsh, oppressive kapu religious legal system and fought a war to defend his policies. The missionaries arrived SIX MONTHS LATER. By 1893, all the missions had been declared successful and they ended (decades before the revolution). The Hawaiian Kingdom's government made a lot of money 🤑 from sugar through (leasing, taxes, exports, etc). The United States had significant sugar production from Louisiana, Texas and Cuba. Many American politicians and businessmen opposed the annexation of Hawai'i because they didn't want to compete with Hawaiian sugar.
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  890. Hawai'i is not like Tibet ;)
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  891. Keep waiting.☺
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  892. The U.S. didn't steal Hawai'i. Lol. King Kamehameha waged a 20+ year war, with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes, to conquer all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. That's kanaka-on-kanaka violence. Did you think POC don't know how to fight, wage war, conquer and steal land? It's part of human nature... And it it has happened throughout all of human history. But the U.S. didn't fight any battles or wage any battles against the Kingdom of Hawai'i, nor did it steal Hawai'i.
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  893. Nah, the United States fought and won it's Independence.😄
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  894.  @ULHIS  The United States didn't 'steal' Hawai'i. Lol. Kamehameha would never have been able to conquer all the island chiefdoms without great western help (weapons, supplies, counsel, training, tactics and combat support). Hawaiian Kings intentionally blended western systems (education, religion, economics, political and military) with native hawaiian traditions. Kanaka, westerners and asians worked to build the Hawaiian Kingdom from start to finish. They're kama'āina and ohana. That being said, the Hawaiian Kingdom was a weak country that consistently depended on the help of stronger, more powerful nations. The Kingdom couldn't defend itself against the French Crisis, Russian incursion into Kauai, Captain Lord Paulet's annexation for Britain, Kalākua election riots, Revolution of 1864, Revolution of 1887, and Revolution of 1893. It always required help from foreign powers. Early on, Hawai'i wanted to become a British protectorate. In 1851, during the French Crisis, King Kamehameha III secretly requested annexation by the United States, but (ironically) the U.S. declined. King Kalākaua wanted to make Hawai'i a Japanese protectorate, but the Emperor declined. In 1893, the Provisional Government requested annexation, but the U.S. declined again. In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation by the U.S. (a third time by Hawaii!!!), but this time it accepted. And this was five years after the overthrow. This hardly looks like American aggression. Hawai'i was a feeble country that always needed the protection of a Big Brother. Hawai'i is a small archipelago in the middle of the remote Pacific Ocean, middle of nowhere. After the annexation, Hawai'i became much more stable and prosperous. Native Hawaiian activists lobbied hard for statehood. In 1919, Prince Kūhio even wrote the first statehood bill. In 1959, 93% of Hawaiians voted overwhelmingly in favor of Statehood. What cost? Hawai'i is happy to be part of the U.S.A.😄👍
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  895.  @mastersonogashira1796  Colonization? Let me make it easier for you to understand... Captain Cook discovered Hawai'i in 1778. They were not politically unified. Far from it. There were several separate kingdoms and over a hundred years of continuous, episodic warfare. You know, Aloha!😵💀😵💀 Did Kamehameha conquer and unify the islands on his own? No, he needed great help from westerners (British and Americans). He used an army of 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chidfdoms with great western help (weapons, supplies, tactics, training, counsel and combat support). There would never even be a Kingdom of Hawai'i without western involvement. The ISLANDS were far too difficult to capture and HOLD... because they were ISLANDS.😉 Did the United States or Great Britain declare or claim Hawai'i as a colony? No. Did kanaka, westerners and asians build the country together? Yes, every step of the way. Were the westerners and asians denizens, citizens and royal subjects of Hawai'i? Yes. Did the westerners and asians live, work, pay taxes and support the Hawaiian Kingdom? Yes, the haole had a long history with Hawai'i from 1778 through 1893. Was the Hawaiian Kingdom a multiethnic, multicultural and multinational society? Yes. Did the Hawaiian Kingdom requested protectorate status or annexation from other countries? Yes. King Kamehameha wanted to make Hawai'i a British protectorate. King Kamehameha III requested annexation by the United States. King Kalākaua wanted to become a Japanese protectorate. Did the United States 'steal' Hawai'i? No, the U.S. declined an annexation request in 1851 and 1893. The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation in 1898 (five years after the monarchy's overthrow) and the U.S. accepted. If the U.S. were greedy, landgrabbing colonialists, then why didn't they grab Hawai'i sooner? They weren't. Did the United States overthrow the Monarchy? No, the Morgan Report exonerated the U.S. soldiers and agents of any involvement in the Revolution of 1893. I suggest you look at the Committee of Safety and the Honolulu Rifles. There were 1,100 - 1,600 angry hawaiians who overthrew Queen Lili'uokalani after she attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. Some Hawaiians wanted to maintain the monarchy, some wanted a republic and some wanted annexation. Was Hawai'i an American colony? No, it was a country that got annexed by the U.S. after the Revolution of 1893 led to the creation of a provisional government and later the Republic of Hawaii. The rebels had control of the government and requested annexation. Did some colonists object to secession from the British Empire? Yes. Did some Texans object to annexation? Yes. Did some Californians object annexation? Yes. Did some kanaka object to Kamehameha's conquest of Hawai'i? Yes. Does it matter? No, the government decides what happens with the territory. There's no requirement for public referendum or plebiscite. Did 93% of Hawaiian voters choose statehood? Yes. Did the hawaiians receive all the same rights as Americans? Yes. The Organic Act of 1900 gave Hawaiians U.S. citizenship and the Statehood Act of 1959 gave them representation in Congress and the right to vote in federal elections. See, it's not a colony ;)
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  896.  @bjornssonfilm  The coup consisted of denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom. Why? Because Queen Lili'uokalani tried to make a risky and stupid power grab, which was illegal and unconstitutional. In general, have you ever heard of a 'good' king or queen? Lol. Lili'uokalani instigated her own overthrow. She played with fire and got burned.
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  897. The United States didn't steal Hawai'i. The U.S. never fought any battles or wars with the Hawaiian Kingdom. China, however, invaded, conquered and annexed Tibet with military force.
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  898.  @bingqizhou6339  Do you agree that China stole Tibet with military force?
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  899.  @nabielw  Hawai'i was never colonized. Kamehameha would never have been able to conquer all the islands without the help of western traders, weapons, tactics, materials, advice, training and support. Hawaiian Kings intentionally integrated western systems (education, religious, political, economic and military) with Hawaiian traditions. The kanaka and haole built the country together and became one ohana, blended by aloha. Who was the first western governor of Hawai'i? Isaac Davis and John Young were valuable advisors who were very instrumental to King Kamehameha's success. The King granted Davis ali'i status, had him marry into his family and made him governor of O'ahu. When Kamehameha left Big Island, Young acted as governor of Hawai'i on his behalf. Young was also the grandfather of Queen Emma. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  900. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet. Lol. The People's Republic of China launched a full-scale, military invasion to conquer Tibet. Over 3,000 Tibetans were killed, injured or captured. The U.S. never fought any battles or wars with the Hawaiian Kingdom.
    1
  901.  @hanfucolorful9656  Tibet was an autonomous, independent state for a long time... before China's military invaded and violently conquered it in 1950. Take a look at the Battle of Chamdo. Now, that's a REAL military invasion and occupation.
    1
  902.  @hanfucolorful9656  If Tibet was part of China, then China wouldn't have to invade, conquer and annex Tibet. Lol Battle of Chamdo https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Chamdo
    1
  903. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  904.  @BraddaMarlon  The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli. Kamehameha STOLE Hawai'i
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  905. Kamehameha was a definitely a 'bully'. He waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli. The U.S. didn't 'bully' the Hawaiian Kingdom. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch. President Cleveland did send several warships to Hawai'i to visibly prepare for an amphibious invasion to intimidate the insurgents to give into demands for them to reinstate former Queen Lili'uokalani. Now that's a form of bullying.
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  906. James Dole didn't start is fruit company until her migrated to Hawai'i in 1899, which was one year after the annexation of 1898 and six years after the Revolution of 1893.
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  907.  @SugerSprinkledFun  James Dole grew up in Massachusetts and he was only 16 when the Revolution of 1893 occured.. How exactly did James take advantage of anything? In Hawai'i, it had always been easy for people to purchase/lease land for agricultural development. By 1890, Hawaiian exports had increased over 700% from 1874, which generated lots of tax revenue for the Hawaiian government. It wasn't hard to get farmland. James Dole had to save $16,240 before he could move to Honolulu in 1899 and buy his 64-acre homestead. How did he take advantage of anyone? He wasn't even in Hawai'i when the Revolution or Annexation happened and he had to work hard for his dreams. The overthrow of the monarchy happened 128 years ago. Nobody is alive to remember anything that happened during that historical event. There are no living memories. Furthermore, the U.S. Congress never sanctioned by Congress (and 1893 isn't exactly a 'modern' Congress). Queen Lili'uokalani, her royalists, the rebels and the American soldiers testified that the U.S. military did not play an active role in the Revolution of 1893. They didn't surround the capitol, patrol any streets, raid any offices, engage in any combat or provide any material aid to the insurgents. President Cleveland asked Congress to investigate alleged U.S. involvement. The Senate Committee on Foreign Relations released the Morgan Report, which exonerated the U.S. military of any wrongdoing. Cleveland then withdrew all his support to reinstate the former queen, re-established diplomatic relations with the Republic of Hawai'i and negotiated treaties with them. Queen Lili'uokalani made an illegal and unconstitutional power grab, which instigated her own overthrow.
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  908.  @stevieb9585  The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  909. And your country has never practiced regime change? Or conquered any other territories and their people? Lol. That being said, the United States didn't steal or conquer Hawai'i. Did you actually believe this silly propaganda video from Johnny Harris?😂
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  910. Hawai'i is a very valuable strategic location for economic, political and military power. It's right in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. It's also a very important location for U.S. national security in the Pacific. Polynesians migrated for thousands of years from Southeast Asia across Oceana to colonize many islands... and they weren't part of mainland asia. There's no rule that all of a country's territory must be part of one contiguous land mass.
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  911.  @poopyfayrtrecords2859  Kalākaua's regime was very corrupt and Lili'uokalani was his hānai'd sister. In the late 18th century, the Hawaiian Kingdom was wealthy from sugar (not sandalwood) and it was going through an economic depression due to the McKinley Tariffs. Today, Hawaii's agricultural economy is dead due to its remote location in the Pacific Ocean, high labor costs, high shipping costs and goods are much more cheaper and fresher in mainland North America and Asia.
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  912. The U.S. didn't 'steal' Hawai'i. Lol
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  913.  @km6832  Patriot? Lol. Queen Lili'uokalani tried an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature, unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch. Do some better research, Patriot.
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  914.  @saikauwe3601  I'm glad you agree :)
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  915.  @FaisalWsk  Russia is a very LARGE country. Did you think it got that big without conquering people and stealing their lands? Do you even know Russian history? Now, look at Russia trying to conquer Ukraine.
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  916. This video was wrong on so many levels. Lol
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  917. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  918.  @rafael2105  The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  919. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet. Lol
    1
  920. Hawai'i wasn't colonized.
    1
  921.  @atatkk  The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation by the United States. How did the U.S. rob anybody? Do you even know why the Hawaiians overthrew Queen Lili'uokalani? She tried to make an unconstitutional and illegal power grab and defend her revolution with military force... but people found out and overthrew her. She was the robber. Lol
    1
  922. Unfortunately, the Native Americans and Native Hawaiians weren't able to defend themselves from European settlers. Some land was acquired through negotiation, and some through war and conflict. There's no 'inheritance' if one cannot protect their 'inheritance'. Native American and Native Hawaiian tribes often fought, warred, conquered and stole the 'inheritance' of other tribes. When a tribe was victorious, they would celebrate. When they lost, they would complain. Everyone likes to win, no one likes to lose. This is an old story that has been told all around the world, in many human civilizations, throughout history.
    1
  923. Native Hawaiians can rent, lease and buy land - just like everyone else.
    1
  924. Of course it's going to appear earlier in Hawaiian schools... because it's Hawaiian History. That being said, this video is full of historical inaccuracies, half truths and propaganda.
    1
  925. There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 ✔✔✔
    1
  926.  @Kaleookamahina  There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that says that a joint resolution cannot be used for annexation. Conversely, there's no U.S. or International Law of 1898 that says that a treaty (and only a treaty) must be used for annexation of foreign land. The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation and their legislature unanimously passed THEIR own treaty of annexation. The Newlands Resolution contains identical language to the first proposed treaty and it was ratified by two thirds of both Houses of Congress (which is stronger than the approval criteria of even a treaty). Hawai'i was annexed under a mutual, bilateral agreement between the Republic of Hawaii and the United States. Both parties accepted, followed, executed and behaved accordingly within the terms of the agreement. The Newlands Resolution menorialized the agreement, which makes the annexation legal and binding. Hawai'i followed a path similar to Texas (which set legal precedent for joint resolution as a valid mechanism). Both failed annexation attempts using treaty, but were later annexed by joint resolution with one huge difference. Again, the Newlands Resolution was passed by a TWO THIRDS majority by both the Senate and the House of Representatives, which exceeds the approval criteria of even a treaty. The House passsd the resolution with a vote of 209 to 91 (69%) on June 15, 1898. The Senate passed the resolution on July 6, 1898 with a tally of 42 to 21 (66%). President McKinley signed it on July 7, 1898. Ironically, if they chose to ratify another treaty, then it would've passed Congress. Regardless, the Newlands Resolution had 2/3rds support from both houses, which beats the ratification requirements of a treaty. The U.S. Constitution doesn't define the process and powers for annexation of foreign land. Article 6 doesn't cover it. President Jefferson ran into this problem when he wanted to acquire the Louisiana Territory. He wanted to make an amendment to fix this problem, but the Senate blocked him and thought a treaty was good enough. This same loophole allows a joint resolution to be used for annexation. There is no violation of the Constitution because the constitution is silent on this issue. There have been many instances in U.S. history where acts and joint resolutions have been used instead of treaties. The annexation of Texas and Hawai'i and end of World War I was achieved via joint resolution. There are many more examples in this journal: "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" James W. Garner https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 The Kū'ē Petitions only prove that many kanaka opposed annexation. By 1893, demographically, Hawai'i was roughly 1/3rd kanaka, 1/3rd westerner and 1/3rd asians. They were all denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom, which became the Republic of Hawai'i. After the revolution, the monarchy was overthrown and the royalists no longer had control of the government. There are no international laws of 1898 that require a public referendum or plebiscite for annexation. Sure, some people opposed annexation and others supported it. Unfortunately, the opposition didn't control the government apparatus. Vermont, the Republic of Texas and the Republic of California were also sovereign, independent countries with their own governments and international diplomatic relations. However, their citizens were also not required to have a public vote on the annexation question. There were many people who opposed annexation, but only the government's vote mattered. The Legislature of the Republic of Hawaii unanimously voted in favor of annexation. After 126+ years, there hasn't been a single U.S. or International Court ruling that has declared that Hawai'i is 'occupied' or the annexation was 'illegal'.
    1
  927.  @Kaleookamahina  The United Nations never declared that Hawaii was under military occupation. De Zayas reported in a memo that Hawaii was under a "strange form of occupation" by the U.S. However, he doesn't officially represent the U.N. He's a volunteer who had a short term as a United Nations Independent Expert on the Promotion of a Democratic and Equitable International Order. A spokesperson distanced the U.N. from the memo and said that "They are his own views and as such they should not have been sent out using our letterhead.” The United Nations made no officual statement in support of de Zayas. Later, de Zayas admitted that Hawaii is "formally part of the US". Dr. David Keanu Sai's website "hawaiiankingdom.org" omits all this material and pertinent information. No one has been able to prove in domestic or international courts that the Annexation of Hawaii was illegal for 126+ years. Be careful, with what you see, hear and read. Always independently research and verify everything.
    1
  928.  @PowersOfDarkness  Did you watch the video? The U.S. never fought any wars or battles against the Hawaiian Kingdom. The U.S.S. Boston landed 162 marines and sailors (SAILORS! Lol) on a neutral, peacekeeping mission to protect American life and property. All sides (Hawaiian Royalists, Hawaiian Rebels and U.S. Soldiers) agreed that the U.S. soldiers didn't take any active part in the Revolution of 1893. They didn't surround any government buildings, raid any offices, patrol any streets, enage in any fire fights or give any material aid to the rebels. They just chilled in their barracks on standby in case there was going to be a civil war. Meanwhile, Queen Lili'uokalani was more afraid of the 1,000-1,600 Honolulu Rifles who were angry at her for attempting an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. Big difference. However, this video doesn't talk about how the Queen tried to abrogate the existing constitution, prorogate the legislature, unilaterally create her OWN constitution, strengthen her autocratic powers and defend her revolution with military force. She instigated her own overthrow. Aloha 'Oe.
    1
  929.  @PowersOfDarkness  How did the U.S. 'take over'? Lol. Lili'uokalani was overthrown in 1893 after SHE attempted to overthrow the government. In 1893, the new Provisional Government requested annexation, but the U.S. declined. In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation (5 years after the revolution) and the U.S. accepted. Hawai'i sought protectorate status from three different countries: Great Britain (declined), United States (declined) and Japan (declined). They requested annexation by the United States on three different occasions: King Kamehameha III (1854, declined)), Provisional Government (1893, declined) and Republic of Hawai'i (1898, accepted). After annexation, Native Hawaiian activists lobbied hard for Statehood. In 1919, Prince Kūhio even wrote the first statehood bill. In 1959, 93% of voters CHOSE Statehood.
    1
  930.  @PowersOfDarkness  The Honolulu Rifles had 1,100 - 1,600 trained militiamen (who raided an armory), which dwarfed the 162 U.S. soldiers. Also, historical records show that the U.S. soldiers marched past 'Iolani Palace, saluted the Queen, lowered their flag as the international sign of neutrality and retired to their barracks. Even the Queen admitted in her testimony that the U.S. soldiers took no aggressive actions. The Queen attempted an illegal and constitutional power grab and it backfired on her badly. Hawai'i pursued protectorate status from many different countries and requested annexation by the U.S. on 3 separate occasions.
    1
  931. There was never a hunt of high blood ali'i. Lol. That's an urban legend. Do you have any scholarly articles or actual primary source materials that support that conspiracy theory?
    1
  932. The United States didn't attack Hawai'i, but Imperial Japan did attack Pearl Harbor.
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  933. You just described every civilization in human history of every race, ethnicity and creed. Lol
    1
  934.  @QUINSYlarynx  Most civilizations  - Looked to expand their territory - Obviously, it's easier to settle an underdeveloped territory if you have strength in numbers and resources - People fight with their brains and with physical force, no surprises there - Want to maintain, protect and grow trade because that brings more wealth, resources and influence - Take advantage of other tribes/countries/groups because humans are very competitive - Money is the root of all evil. Have you seen many people who aren't enticed by wealth and power in history? Lol - Every civilization has considered themselves the 'greatest' and the 'bestest' and it's their 'oyster'. Why? Because people see their personal story from their own personal lens. Do you really think a civilization is going to tell themselves that they 'suck' and don't 'deserve' anything. Quite the opposite. Civilizations will often justify their actions and rationalize their decisions so that it appears that they did the 'right' thing. Like I said, you described every civilization in all human history and of every race, ethnicity and creed.
    1
  935.  @TheModernLibertarian  Hawai'i still has Kill Haole Day where native hawaiian kids (or people pretending to be 'native hawaiian') bully/beat up white kids in school. It's racism that many in the lāhui don't want to acknowledge or condemn.
    1
  936.  @TheModernLibertarian  Brah, it depends on the school, town and island. Kill Haole Day is still around. If you never experienced it, then consider yourself lucky. I've seen white kids get bullied and take lickins. Racism is a two-way street. If you've lived here, then you've definitely seen it and felt it OR just happen to live in a better neighborhood/community.
    1
  937.  @harir6316  Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet. China would love to annex Taiwan, but they're hesitant because of U.S. foreign policy.
    1
  938. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  939. Do you even know Hawaiian history? The United States didn't 'steal' Hawai'i. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  940. The U.S. didn't steal/conquer Hawai'i and they certainly didn't kill kanaka maoli or 'kill' the native hawaiian culture, language or traditions. Do you even know hawaiian history?
    1
  941.  @joeypaller4854  The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The United States has never fought any battles or wars with the Hawaiian Kingdom. Queen Lili'uokalani attempted to prorogate the legislature, abrogate the existing constitution, unilaterally create her own constitution, strengthen her autocratic powers and defend her revolution with military force (which was highly illegal and unconstitutional)... but her political opponents found out about her secret plan, organized, mobilized and led a successful counter-revolution. The Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles (1,100-1,600 armed militiamen), who were denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom, overthrew her. She tried to make a power grab, but it backfired on her badly. The U.S. landed 162 marines and sailors (SAILORS!) who were given strict orders of neutrality as peacekeepers to protect American lives and property who played no active part in the revolution. How exactly did the U.S. 'steal' or 'conquer' Hawai'i? Lol
    1
  942. British and American traders were working and dealing with kanaka for 30 years before the first missionaries even arrived in Hawai'i.
    1
  943. Hawaii's two biggest industries are Tourism ($16B) and Military ($16B). Agriculture is dead. How do you expect an island, in the middle-of-nowhere, in the remote Pacific Ocean, to generate wealth?
    1
  944. No chance.
    1
  945. The U.S. didn't steal Hawai'i. China needs to free Tibet and return the mainland to Taiwan :)
    1
  946. This vid is full of historical inaccuracies, half truths and propaganda. History isn't simple, cut-and-dry, black-and-white.
    1
  947. The whole world has Covid-19. 'Bad' karma for everyone! Lol
    1
  948. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  949. There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 ✔✔✔
    1
  950. The United Nations never declared that Hawaii was under military occupation. De Zayas reported in a memo that Hawaii was under a "strange form of occupation" by the U.S. However, he doesn't officially represent the U.N. He's a volunteer who had a short term as a United Nations Independent Expert on the Promotion of a Democratic and Equitable International Order. A spokesperson distanced the U.N. from the memo and said that "They are his own views and as such they should not have been sent out using our letterhead.” The United Nations made no officual statement in support of de Zayas. Later, de Zayas admitted that Hawaii is "formally part of the US". Dr. David Keanu Sai's website "hawaiiankingdom.org" omits all this material and pertinent information. No one has been able to prove in domestic or international courts that the Annexation of Hawaii was illegal for 126+ years. Here's one MORE example of Dr. David Keanu Sai's bogus claims. Let's take a look at the Larsen v Hawaiian Kingdom case that went to the Permanent Court of Arbitration. The Tribunal didn't award a decision in favor of the hawaiian sovereignty movement. Legally, the Court awarded nothing meaningful in the judgement. A rule for Larsen or Hawaiian Kingdom would've been a symbolic win. They got zilch. No win - for anyone. Larsen and 'Hawaiian Kingdom' both lost. The Tribunal clearly stated that the arbitration rules (that Larsen and Sai filed and agreed to) only dealt with international trade. INTERNATIONAL TRADE 😞 (Take a moment to let that sink in) and not territorial/boundary disputes. NOT TERRITORY BOUNDARY DISPUTES. The Tribunal was perplexed as to why both parties acted like friends👬, who presented the SAME evidence and showed no sign of disagreement (weird!). Larsen didn't even seek damages (weirder!). The Triubunal sat through this charade because both parties completed all the appropriate paperwork and paid for the adjudication. And how did the PCA adjudicate? They dismissed the case under the grounds that "there is no dispute between the parties capable of submission to arbitration" AND, even if it were, the sovereign state that owns the territory, the U.S., wasn't party to the proceedings. The U.S. would never join a flim flam arbitration case about DMV🚗 drivers license and license plate fines and "international trade".  Check out the arbitration award. They stated that they couldn't make a decision on whether the "Hawaiian Kingdom" existed in perpetuity: "the Tribunal can neither decide that Hawaii is not part of the USA, nor proceed on the assumption that it is not. To take either course would be to disregard a principle which goes to heart of the arbitral function in international law." David Sai staged a nice publicity stunt and created some sensational propaganda. And people gobbled it up. He came back empty-handed and made zero progress for his cause, but he still spiked the football and strutted around like a rooster🐓 who just laid an egg (unreal!). The NLG is a progressive public interest association. The statement was made by the Hawaiian Kingdom SUBCOMMITTEE of the National Lawyers Guild, which is co-chaired by... wait for it.. Dr. David Keanu Sai. There's nothing sensational, revolutionary or groundbreaking about their statement. Please let me know when the American Bar Association endorses hawaiian independence.
    1
  951. No, kapu was very oppressive. That's why King Kamehameha abolished the old, ancestral religion, commanded all the heiau to be destroyed and terminated the harsh kapu religious law. This all happened SIX MONTHS before the arrival of missionaries to Hawai'i. Kapu sucks!
    1
  952. The U.S. didn't 'steal' Hawai'i. Lol
    1
  953. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet. Lol
    1
  954. A little more than half of Puerto Ricans (52.5%) voted in favor of Statehood in the 2020 referendum.
    1
  955. The Great Mahele of 1848 was the biggest land policy failure of Hawaiian Kingdom history. The king, ali'i and konohiki screwed over the maka'ainana and took all the land for themselves. Only less than 1% of the maka'ainana got land, which was about 30,000 acres. The powerful kanaka monarchy and nobility class got 4 million acres. 1 million for the King, 1.5 million for the government and 1.5 million for the nobility. Even worse, the kanaka elitists mismanaged their finances and sold off a great deal of land to foreigners to repay debts. The allodial land rights were designed to protect powerful kanaka while the actual land policies screwed over the common folk, the real hawaiians, the ones who actually managed and cultivated the land for generations. There are many protesters who complain about their "allodial" rights because they're hungry for a huge windfall based on genealogical claim... because their ancestors exploited their own people for great personal gain. The feudal lords of chiefdom days became the royal nobility of the Hawaiian Kingdom. And the exploitation didn't stop. The Great Mahele was a Great Crime of kanaka-on-kanaka fraud. The āina is life, mana, wealth, prosperity and happiness. The kanaka royalty and nobility classes stole all the land and screwed over the commoners, who had tended the ahupua'a for generations. They put native hawaiians behind the eight ball.
    1
  956. Queen Lili'uokalani instigated her own overthrow when she tried to prorogate the legislature, abdicate the existing constitution, unilaterally create her own constitution, strengthen her autocratic powers and defend her revolution with military force (all highly unconstitutional and illegal). Her political opponents found out, led a successful counter-revolution and overthrew her. She was later arrested, tried for treason, imprisoned under house arrest in 'Iolani Palace (luxury suite), forced to abdicate the throne and retired with a nice pension on her personal estate. Aloha 'Oe.
    1
  957.  @skyswift8084  The U.S. didn't colonize Hawai'i. Most people don't even know what 'colonialism' is. It's just a buzzword people thrown around to support political propaganda.
    1
  958. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  959. James Dole migrated to Hawai'i in 1899, which was six years after the Revolution of 1893 and one year after the Annexation of 1898. Cancel culture is stupid. Lol
    1
  960. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli. The Great Mahele of 1848 was the biggest land policy failure of Hawaiian Kingdom history. The king, ali'i and konohiki screwed over the maka'ainana and took all the land for themselves. Only less than 1% of the maka'ainana got land, which was about 30,000 acres. The powerful kanaka monarchy and nobility class got 4 million acres. 1 million for the King, 1.5 million for the government and 1.5 million for the nobility. Even worse, the kanaka elitists mismanaged their finances and sold off a great deal of land to foreigners to repay debts. The allodial land rights were designed to protect powerful kanaka while the actual land policies screwed over the common folk, the real hawaiians, the ones who actually managed and cultivated the land for generations. There are many protesters who complain about their "allodial" rights because they're hungry for a huge windfall based on genealogical claim... because their ancestors exploited their own people for great personal gain. The feudal lords of chiefdom days became the royal nobility of the Hawaiian Kingdom. And the exploitation didn't stop. The Great Mahele was a Great Crime of kanaka-on-kanaka fraud. The āina is life, mana, wealth, prosperity and happiness. The kanaka royalty and nobility classes stole all the land and screwed over the commoners, who had tended the ahupua'a for generations. They put native hawaiians behind the eight ball. Who had the land?
    1
  961. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  962. Auwe, you're very confused, kid. Queen Lili'uokalani tried an illegal and unconstitutional powergrab. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature, unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  963. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  964. The U.S. didn't steal Hawai'i. Lol
    1
  965. The U.S. didn't 'steal' Hawai'i.
    1
  966.  @liltree8382  This isn't even close to the complete hawaiian history. This vid was full of misinformation, half truths and propaganda. Lol. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  967. Because this wasn't the real story. It's just a slickly edited propaganda video. It's full of historical inaccuracies, half truths and propaganda.
    1
  968. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  969. What if I told you that this isn't the whole story and not an accurate portrayal of Hawaiian history?
    1
  970.  @akramsocisse4872  Polynesians migrated from Southeast Asia to eventually Hawai'i. Should they go back to Southeast Asia???
    1
  971. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  972. The United States didn't do anything shameful.
    1
  973. The Great Mahele of 1848 was the biggest land policy failure of Hawaiian Kingdom history. The king, ali'i and konohiki screwed over the maka'ainana and took all the land for themselves. Only less than 1% of the maka'ainana got land, which was about 30,000 acres. The powerful kanaka monarchy and nobility class got 4 million acres. 1 million for the King, 1.5 million for the government and 1.5 million for the nobility. Even worse, the kanaka elitists mismanaged their finances and sold off a great deal of land to foreigners to repay debts. The allodial land rights were designed to protect powerful kanaka while the actual land policies screwed over the common folk, the real hawaiians, the ones who actually managed and cultivated the land for generations. There are many protesters who complain about their "allodial" rights because they're hungry for a huge windfall based on genealogical claim... because their ancestors exploited their own people for great personal gain. The feudal lords of chiefdom days became the royal nobility of the Hawaiian Kingdom. And the exploitation didn't stop. The Great Mahele was a Great Crime of kanaka-on-kanaka fraud. The āina is life, mana, wealth, prosperity and happiness. The kanaka royalty and nobility classes stole all the land and screwed over the commoners, who had tended the ahupua'a for generations. They put native hawaiians behind the eight ball. Who had the land?
    1
  974.  @pakelika100  It's the truth! How many maka'āinana got land during the Great Māhele? Only 1%. Hewa. The mo'i, ali'i and konohiki robbed all the āina, mana and wealth for themselves. Since when have Kings, Queens and Noblemen surrendered wealth and power to the common people? Again, how many native hawaiians received land during the Great Māhele? Only 1%. Fact. Indisputable truth. Maopopo? The Great Māhele was the biggest failure in Hawaiian Kingdom land policy. It would be different if 50% of maka'āinana got land... and then somehow lost it to the haole. But one percent? That's a low down dirty shame, braddah. And you can feel that in your bones. Since when have the rich given freely and greatly to the poor. When?
    1
  975.  @pakelika100  My friend, please answer me this simple question. After the Great Māhele, what percentage of āina did the maka'āinana get?
    1
  976.  @pakelika100  Even Dr. Donovan Preza acknowledges that native hawaiians claimed only 28,658 acres during the Great Māhele, which was less than 1% of the land. Is Dr. Preza now unqualified and untrustworthy in your eyes? Do you disagree with his statement that less than 1% of the aina was claimed by kanaka maoli? Is Preza not a reliable source? The Great Māhele has been studied by many native hawaiian and other scholars and they all agree to this simple fact.
    1
  977.  @pakelika100  Pat, you just made a whole buncha empty statements with no support to back up your opinion. I'm sorry if you now think that Dr. Preza is unbelievable, unreliable and unworthy. Maybe you should tell him in person ;)
    1
  978. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch. Politically, the Apology Resolution was intended to help pave the way for federal tribal recognition of the Native Hawaiian people, just like the Native Americans. Legally, it had no effect on any settlement against the United States and didn't alter or modify the purity of land title own by the State of Hawaii. The Apology Bill doesn't support the hawaiian independence activists desire for secession and sovereignty. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the resolution was written with conciliatory and precatory language, not legal language that confers rights or acts as legislation. The Apology Resolution was an opinion statement, not a legal one. If you want federal recognition of the kanaka (similar to the Akaka Bill), then the Apology Bill is an olive branch that can be used to start that process. The Apology Bill doesn't legally support the hawaiian independence movement. The U.S. President, Congress and Military never enacted (or admitted) a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Government. The Apology Bill apoligized for the role that some U.S. citzens and expatriates played in the hawaiian revolution that overthrew the monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by a bloodless and peaceful coup of wealthy and powerful haole, who were denizens, citizens and royal subjects, of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The Morgan Report refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing since they didn't participate in the overthrow, support the hawaiian insurgents in any way and didn't act aggressively or violently against the monarchy. The Morgan Report was 1,176 pages of public interviews on all sides, with cross-examination and under oath (which the Blount Report did not do). The Apology Resolution is just a 5 page opinion statement full of 'whereas' clauses. It doesn't even remotely come close to refuting the Morgan Report.
    1
  979. It wasn't about sugar. Lol. The U.S. had significant sugar production from Louisiana, Texas and Cuba. Many American politicians and businessmen didn't support annexation because they didn't want competition from Hawaiian sugar.
    1
  980. Republic of Hawaii: Aloha United States, could you please annex Hawai'i? We would love to join your country.🙏 United States: Okay, we recognize the benefits of joining together.😁 [The Republic of Hawaii and United States agree to terms of annexation in a mutual, bilateral agreement where both sides accepted and act accordingly to the terms of the agreement.] Irrational Person: Imperialism!!!😠🔥
    1
  981.  @pakelika100  Pat, are you now denying that the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation and that the United States accepted the offer in 1898 (which was FIVE years after the Revolution of 1893)? You are in a major State of denial (historical pun intended😉).
    1
  982.  @pakelika100  Are you denying that native hawaiian activists heavily lobbied to become a State? Are you denying that Prince Kūhio wrote the first Statehood bill in 1919?
    1
  983.  @pakelika100  Ah, you're ignoring the questions at hand and retreating to propaganda talking points. Trying to change the topic? Lol. After 127 years, there hasn't been a single United States or International Court decision that has ruled that Hawai'i is 'occupied' or 'illegally' annexed. Native Hawaiian activists, our kupuna, lobbied hard for Statehood and Prince Kūhio even wrote the first Statehood bill in 1919. You can't face future, if you don't face (and remember) the past (just don't get drunk from nostalgia of a time long gone). Many kanaka were hopeful to join the U.S. Hawai'i Nei is happy that they succeeded :)
    1
  984. British and American traders were working with Hawai'i for thirty years before the missionaries arrived. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old religion, commanded all heiau to be destroyed and ended the harsh, oppressive kapu religious law SIX MONTHS before any missionaries arrived. This video's a joke.
    1
  985. After 128 years, there hasn't been a single United States or International Court decision that has declared that Hawai'i was 'occupied' or annexed 'illegally'. There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424?seq=1 ✔✔✔
    1
  986. The U.S.S. Boston never fired its guns upon the Hawaiian Kingdom. There was no war, major battle or fighting between the U.S. and Hawai'i.
    1
  987. Queen Lili'uokalani instigated her own overthrow when she tried to prorogate the legislature, abdicate the existing constitution, unilaterally create her own constitution, strengthen her autocratic powers and defend her revolution with military force (all highly unconstitutional and illegal). Her political opponents found out, led a successful counter-revolution and overthrew her. She was later arrested, tried for treason, imprisoned under house arrest in 'Iolani Palace (luxury suite), forced to abdicate the throne and retired with a nice pension on her personal estate. Aloha 'Oe.
    1
  988. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli. The Great Mahele of 1848 was the biggest land policy failure of Hawaiian Kingdom history. The king, ali'i and konohiki screwed over the maka'ainana and took all the land for themselves. Only less than 1% of the maka'ainana got land, which was about 30,000 acres. The powerful kanaka monarchy and nobility class got 4 million acres. 1 million for the King, 1.5 million for the government and 1.5 million for the nobility. Even worse, the kanaka elitists mismanaged their finances and sold off a great deal of land to foreigners to repay debts. The allodial land rights were designed to protect powerful kanaka while the actual land policies screwed over the common folk, the real hawaiians, the ones who actually managed and cultivated the land for generations. There are many protesters who complain about their "allodial" rights because they're hungry for a huge windfall based on genealogical claim... because their ancestors exploited their own people for great personal gain. The feudal lords of chiefdom days became the royal nobility of the Hawaiian Kingdom. And the exploitation didn't stop. The Great Mahele was a Great Crime of kanaka-on-kanaka fraud. The āina is life, mana, wealth, prosperity and happiness. The kanaka royalty and nobility classes stole all the land and screwed over the commoners, who had tended the ahupua'a for generations. They put native hawaiians behind the eight ball.
    1
  989.  @toon_scaling  The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  990. All these young idiots in the comments. YouTube generation.😉
    1
  991.  @athleticdemon8519  Yawn. Can you at least say something intelligent?🥱
    1
  992.  @athleticdemon8519  Interesting. Okay, now it's my turn.😌 The U.S. didn't 'conquer' or 'steal' Hawai'i with force. Lol. Queen Lili'uokalani tried an illegal and unconstitutional powergrab. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature, unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  993.  @athleticdemon8519  Interesting. I love big sentences. Did you know that Hawai'i was legally annexed? After 128 years, there hasn't been a single United States or International Court decision that has declared that Hawai'i was 'occupied' or annexed 'illegally'. There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424?seq=1 ✔✔✔
    1
  994. It's a huge myth that the Hawaiian language was banned/eradicated by the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii or United States. The Hawaiian Kingdom enacted an education policy that highly favored English before the overthrow of the monarchy in 1893. King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1855): "To foster education and widen every channel that leads to knowledge, is one of our most imperative duties... It is of the highest importance, in my opinion, that education in the English language should become more general, for it is my firm conviction that unless my subjects become educated in this tongue, their hope of intellectual progress, and of meeting the foreigners on terms of equality, is a vain one." King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1856) that he was satisfied with the Board of Education's progress on English instruction "It is particularly gratifying to know that instruction in the English language is prosecuted with so much success among my native subjects. I recommend you to make as liberal a provision for the support of this class of schools as the state of my Treasury will admit." And this Hawaiian Kingdom Policy was very successful in adopting the English language as the main language of education and instruction. 1881: 66% English, 33% Hawaiian 1887: 84% English,16% Hawaiian  1892: 95% English, 5% Hawaiian 1896: 97% English, 3% Hawaiian
    1
  995. Did you think China is NOT a threat? Lol
    1
  996. Many U.S. politicians and businesses opposed Hawaiian annexation because of competition with American intetests. The U.S. already had significant sugar production from Louisiana, Texas and Cuba. The British and American traders already worked with Native Hawaiians for 30 years before any missionaries arrived to Hawai'i. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old, ancestral religion, commanded all heiau to be destroyed and terminated the harsh, oppressive kapu religious law six months before the arrival of missionaries.
    1
  997. ... Except it isn't like he says it is.
    1
  998. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  999. Hawai'i is nothing like Taiwan. Lol
    1
  1000.  @HAL_-sg1up  Hypocrites? Lol. Did you actually believe Johnny Harris? This video is full of historical inaccuracies, half-truths and propaganda. The U.S. didn't 'conquer' or 'steal' Hawai'i with force. Lol. Queen Lili'uokalani tried an illegal and unconstitutional powergrab. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature, unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch. How is Hawai'i like Taiwan? They're not.😄
    1
  1001.  @HAL_-sg1up  Brah, we're talking about Hawai'i... And you're trying to deflect to the Middle East. Do you even have a counterargument? Lol
    1
  1002. James Dole didn't migrate to Hawai'i to start his fruit company until 1899, which was six years after the Revolution of 1893 and one year after the Annexation of 1898.
    1
  1003. Hawai'i was a U.S. Territory. In 1941, Japan did attack Pearl Harbor, which was U.S. soil. Obviously. It was a foolish sneak attack and an act of war.
    1
  1004. Robet Wilcox led a counter-revolution to reinstate the deposed queen Lili'uokalani, but the royalists were defeated. The new government defended itself and cemented its control and power over the country.
    1
  1005. Did you actually believe this video? Lol
    1
  1006. There's a lot of missing info. Lili'uokalani wasn't a poor victim.
    1
  1007. The U.S. didn't steal Hawai'i.
    1
  1008.  @johnniebrown2132  The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1009. The kanaka, westerners and asians built together the country known as the Hawaiian Kingdom. It's nothing like the Native Americans in North America.
    1
  1010. The United States didn't conquer or steal Hawai'i. Everyone ignores that the Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles (with 1,100 - 1,600 militiamen) overthrew an arrogant, naive and incompetent Queen who wanted to make a brazen, unconstitutional and illegal power grab. She instigated her own overthrow. The Republic of Hawaii asked for annexation (five years after the overthrow) and the U.S. accepted the offer.
    1
  1011. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch. There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 ✔✔✔
    1
  1012. Show me the U.S. or International Law of 1898 that requires the U.S. to show you a treaty (and only a treaty) for the annexation of foreign land.
    1
  1013. Westerners were trading and interacting with kanaka maoli for 40 years BEFORE the first missionaries arrived. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old, ancestral religion, commanded all the heiau to be destroyed and terminated the harsh, oppressive kapu religious law. The missionaries arrived SIX MONTHS later. History isn't simple, cut-and-dry, and black-and-white. It's much more complicated.
    1
  1014. There is no law of 1898 that mandates a Treaty for annexation of land. Lance Larson v Hawaiian Kingdom was a frivolous case that Dr. Sai had orchestrated as a political stunt. The case was thrown out and no judgement was awarded to his friend, Mr. Larson.
    1
  1015.  @thealohamu808  Larson v Hawaiian Kingdom didn't prove that the Hawaiian Kingdom still exists. Let's take a look at the Larsen v Hawaiian Kingdom case that went to the Permanent Court of Arbitration. The Tribunal didn't award a decision in favor of the hawaiian sovereignty movement. Legally, the Court awarded nothing meaningful in the judgement. A rule for Larsen or Hawaiian Kingdom would've been a symbolic win. They got zilch. No win - for anyone. Larsen and 'Hawaiian Kingdom' both lost. The Tribunal clearly stated that the arbitration rules (that Larsen and Sai filed and agreed to) only dealt with international trade. INTERNATIONAL TRADE 😞 (Take a moment to let that sink in) and not territorial/boundary disputes. NOT TERRITORY BOUNDARY DISPUTES. The Tribunal was perplexed as to why both parties acted like friends👬, who presented the SAME evidence and showed no sign of disagreement (weird!). Larsen didn't even seek damages (weirder!). The Tribunal sat through this charade because both parties completed all the appropriate paperwork and paid for the adjudication. And how did the PCA adjudicate? They dismissed the case under the grounds that "there is no dispute between the parties capable of submission to arbitration" AND, even if it were, the sovereign state that owns the territory, the U.S., wasn't party to the proceedings. The U.S. would never join a flim flam arbitration case about "international trade". Check out the arbitration award. The stated that they couldn't make a decision on whether the "Hawaiian Kingdom" existed in perpetuity: "the Tribunal can neither decide that Hawaii is not part of the USA, nor proceed on the assumption that it is not. To take either course would be to disregard a principle which goes to heart of the arbitral function in international law." David Sai staged a nice publicity stunt and created some sensational propaganda. And people gobbled it up. He came back empty-handed and made zero progress for his cause, but he still spiked the football and strutted around like a rooster🐓 who just laid an egg (unreal!). Dr. David Keanu Sai is a revisionist historian who tries to retroactively apply today's laws to historical events that happened before the laws were created, which obviously can't be done.
    1
  1016.  @thealohamu808  The National Lawyers Guild is a progressive public interest association. The statement was made by the Hawaiian Kingdom SUBCOMMITTEE of the National Lawyers Guild, which is co-chaired by... wait for it.. Dr. David Keanu Sai (who is the self-declared Regent Pro-Tem of the 'Hawaiian Kingdom' who pushes conspiracy theories about 'military occupation', 'war crimes', 'genocide', and 'illegal annexation'). There's nothing sensational, revolutionary or groundbreaking about the NLG's statement. Please let me know when the American Bar Association endorses Dr. Sai's flim flam legal arguments and hollow propaganda. Nothing what he says rings true. The NEA is also a known progressive organization. Neither of these organizations has any real merit. National Water Protector Legal Collective? Lol And, no, the International Criminal Court has NOT endorsed Dr. Sai's propaganda. But, please, feel free to provide more specific details of their statement so that I may easily investigate and debunk it :)
    1
  1017.  @thealohamu808  Again, not true. Why did the Permanent Court of Arbitration hear Larson v Hawaiian Kingdom? Great question! Because both the claimant (Lance Larson) and the respondent (Dr. David Keanu Sai) paid to have the court case adjudicated. They filled out all the necessary paperwork, paid the filing fee and listed 'Hawaiian Kingdom' as respondent. They could've listed 'Santa's Village', 'Narnia', 'Asgard' or 'The Lost City of Atlantis'. It doesn't matter. The Tribunal has to refer to what's filed on the paperwork. And what did they conclude? They declared that they CANNOT determine whether or not the 'Hawaiian Kingdom' does or does not exist today AND they only referred to that country in the PAST tense. Lance Larson and Keanu Sai conspired to file a court case with the Permanent Court of Arbitration under UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules 1976. UNCITRAL is the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law. This wasn't even a court that could settle territorial boundary disputes or war crimes. Larson and Sai made a plan where Larsen would drive without a Hawaiian license plate and driver's license. He didn't pay any of his fines and spent 30 days in jail as a penalty. They both then submitted the SAME set of evidence, which AGREED with one another. Larson even refused to seek any kind of damage award. All of those facts are extremely suspicious. Sai claimed he was acting Regent Pro Tem for the Kingdom of Hawaii. Larson sued the Kingdom (Sai) for failing to protect him from the State of Hawaii. The Tribunal of Arbiters had to hear the case because the Claimant filed suit against the Hawaiian Kingdom and (once upon a time) the country did actually exist. The Tribunal dismissed the case because they couldn't rule on the legality of anyone's actions because the United States would have to be a party of the case since they annexed and owned Hawaii. Larson v. Hawaiian Kingdom proved absolutely nothing about the former country's existence and the legality of Hawaii's annexation. The case was dismissed. If either Larson or 'Hawaiian Kingdom' won, then it would've proven the continued existence of the former country. David Sai made a false victory proclamation despite winning nothing other than a public relations stunt. Have you ever read the arbitration award from start to finish? They filed paperwork and were quickly dismissed. The Tribunal even said that they cannot rule on any of the wild accusations that Larson and Sai had claimed. It was very embarrassing for them.
    1
  1018. The United States didn't steal Hawai'i.
    1
  1019.  @reynaldoparedez5543  The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1020. Johnny Harris didn't investigate the truth. Lol. He's pushing propaganda. Plus, his research skills and historical knowledge are absolutely awful.
    1
  1021. What does 'white people' have to do with it? Lol
    1
  1022. Everyone 'stole' their land. Even Hawaiians stole Hawaiian land. Lol
    1
  1023.  @danielchangvargas79  Try again. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1024. Hawai'i isn't occupied. Lol
    1
  1025.  @fisnikramadani5962  Try again!😆 The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch. There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 ✔✔
    1
  1026. The U.S. didn't 'colonize' Hawai'i. Lol
    1
  1027.  @anothergermanmapper7754  Hawai'i was never a U.S. colony. Let me make it easier for you to understand... Did Kamehameha conquer and unify the islands on his own? No, he needed great help from westerners (British and Americans). Did the United States or Great Britain declare or claim Hawai'i as a colony? No. Did kanaka, westerners and asians build the country together? Yes, every step of the way. Were the westerners and asians denizens, citizens and royal subjects of Hawai'i? Yes. Did the westerners and asians live, work, pay taxes and support the Hawaiian Kingdom? Yes, the haole had a long history with Hawai'i from 1778 through 1893. Was the Hawaiian Kingdom a multiethnic, multicultural and multinational society? Yes. Did the Hawaiian Kingdom requested protectorate status or annexation from other countries? Yes. King Kamehameha wanted to make Hawai'i a British protectorate. King Kamehameha III requested annexation by the United States. King Kalākaua wanted to become a Japanese protectorate. Did the United States 'steal' Hawai'i? No, the U.S. declined an annexation request in 1851 and 1893. The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation in 1898 (five years after the monarchy's overthrow) and the U.S. accepted. If the U.S. were greedy, landgrabbing colonialists, then why didn't they grab Hawai'i sooner? They weren't. Did the United States overthrow the Monarchy? No, the Morgan Report exonerated the U.S. soldiers and agents of any involvement in the Revolution of 1893. I suggest you look at the Committee of Safety and the Honolulu Rifles. There were 1,100 - 1,600 angry hawaiians who overthrew Queen Lili'uokalani after she attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. Some Hawaiians wanted to maintain the monarchy, some wanted a republic and some wanted annexation. Was Hawai'i an American colony? No, it was a country that got annexed by the U.S. after the Revolution of 1893 led to the creation of a provisional government and later the Republic of Hawaii. The rebels had control of the government and requested annexation. Did some colonists object to secession from the British Empire? Yes. Did some Texans object to annexation? Yes. Did some Californians object annexation? Yes. Did some kanaka object to Kamehameha's conquest of Hawai'i? Yes. Does it matter? No, the government decides what happens with the territory. There's no requirement for public referendum or plebiscite. Did Native Hawaiians want Statehood? Yes, after annexation, Native Hawaiians lobbied hard for Statehood. In 1919, Prince Kūhio even wrote the first Statehood Bill. Did 93% of Hawaiian voters choose statehood? Yes. Did the hawaiians receive all the same rights as Americans? Yes. The Organic Act of 1900 gave Hawaiians U.S. citizenship and the Statehood Act of 1959 gave them representation in Congress and the right to vote in federal elections. See, it's not a colony ;)
    1
  1028. History isn't that simple. The Wampanoag were ravaged by foreign disease. The Pilgrims and Wampanoag formed a mutual alliance and they worked together to defeat the Wampanoag's enemy, the Pequots.
    1
  1029. 1/3rd of the world? Are you not good at geography? Or horrible at math? Lol. Do you want to talk about the wars and conquests of the Russian or Chinese empires? 😉
    1
  1030. Brah, did you actually think this video was real?😁 It's full of historical inaccuracies, half-truths and propaganda. The U.S. didn't 'conquer' or 'steal' Hawai'i with force. Lol. Queen Lili'uokalani tried an illegal and unconstitutional powergrab. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature, unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1031. The Hawaiian Kingdom was a western-styled, constitutional monarchy. Lol. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1032. There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 ✔✔✔
    1
  1033. The U.S. didn't steal Hawai'i. Can you name any major wars or battles between the United States and the Hawaiian Kingdom? Nope.
    1
  1034.  @NZ_NATIV3  First, it disproves your statement that Hawai'i would be a better place without the United States. There were many countries interested in that territory. Next, the Hawaiian Kingdom greatly relied on the U.S. and Great Britain. Hawai'i incorporated many social, economic and political elements from Westerners, which has a positive impact. The U.S. and Great Britain also help provide security and stability for several decades. Finally, the Hawaiian Kingdom was constructed by Native Hawaiians, Westerners and Asians. They worked TOGETHER to build the country. The Kingdom legally sold and leased land to ALL its citizens and denizens. The United States didn't steal any land. Queen Lili'uokalani attempted to prorogate the legislature, abrogate the existing constitution, unilaterally replace it with her own, strengthen her autocratic power and use her royal forces to defend her revolution. She attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. When her countrymen and political opponents found out, they led a successful counter-revolution. Even Queen Lili'uokalani publicly testified that the United States was not an active participant in the Revolution of 1893.
    1
  1035.  @NZ_NATIV3  Even Queen Lili'uokalani stated in her own book, Hawaii's Story , which she wrote, that 1) she attempted to abrogate and replace the existing constitution and 2) that the United States didn't play an active role in the Revolution. Are you calling the Queen a liar?
    1
  1036.  @NZ_NATIV3  Yup, she wrote her autobiography five years after the Revolution of 1893.
    1
  1037.  @mariobeanes4430  The United States isn't the King of Expansionism. Lol. Ever hear of the British Empire? There's many others in history. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  1038. The U.S. didn't 'pillage' or 'steal' Hawai'i. The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation by the United States and it accepted the offer. The Hawaiian Kingdom was a weak country that consistently depended on the help of stronger, more powerful nations. The Kingdom couldn't defend itself against the French Crisis, Russian incursion into Kauai, Captain Lord Paulet's annexation for Britain, Kalākua election riots, Revolution of 1864, Revolution of 1887, and Revolution of 1893. It always required help from foreign powers. Early on, Hawai'i wanted to become a British protectorate. In 1851, during the French Crisis, King Kamehameha III secretly requested annexation by the United States, but (ironically) the U.S. declined. King Kalākaua wanted to make Hawai'i a Japanese protectorate, but the Emperor declined. In 1893, the Provisional Government requested annexation, but the U.S. declined again. In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation by the U.S. (a third time by Hawaii!!!), but this time it accepted. And this was five years after the overthrow. This hardly looks like American aggression. Hawai'i was a feeble country that always needed the protection of a Big Brother. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The United Stated never fought any wars or battles with the Hawaiian Kingdom or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  1039. There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 ✔✔✔
    1
  1040.  @Dracsh  His points are very weak. They don't hold up to simple scrutiny. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1041.  @LegendNinja41  Educational? This video was full of historical inaccuracies, half-truths and propaganda. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1042. Insightful? Many historical events were omitted. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1043. Many U.S. politicians and businesses opposed Hawaiian annexation because of competition with American intetests. The U.S. already had significant sugar production from Louisiana, Texas and Cuba. The British and American traders already worked with Native Hawaiians for 30 years before any missionaries arrived to Hawai'i. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old, ancestral religion, commanded all heiau to be destroyed and terminated the harsh, oppressive kapu religious law six months before the arrival of missionaries.
    1
  1044. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet or Taiwan. Lol
    1
  1045. Hawai'i and Hong Kong aren't the same. AND the history of Hawai'i is freely available for research and investigation. Lol
    1
  1046.  @cim888  The United States didn't conquer Hawai'i with force. There were no battles, no war was fought. The U.S.S. Boston landed 162 soldiers (consisting of marines and SAILORS - Lol), who were given strict commands of neutrality. Why? Because Queen Lili'uokalani was attempting to declare a surprise constitution, which was illegal and unconstitutional. She wanted to strengthen her autocratic power and monarchy. She didn't like the idea of a constitutional Republic, so she wanted to unilaterally change the government via a soft revolution. What happened? Her countrymen found out about her secret plot, assembled, and acted swiftly to overthrow her instead. Aloha 'Oe. They asked the U.S. for help, but Minister Stevens only told them that they could land U.S. soldiers to protect American interests (citizens, business, consulate, etc) and give them political recognition if the revolution was successful. Did you actually think the U.S. forcefully conquer Hawai'i? Even Queen Lili'uokalani and her royalists officially testified that the U.S. soldiers didn't partake or aid the rebels in the Revolution of 1893.
    1
  1047.  @MrHistory269  After Kamehameha's conquest, the conquered chiefdoms and peoples weren't happy and they didn't think it was necessary. All of the different kingdoms were living separately. There were never 'dis-united'. After time, Kamehameha went from being hated to a beloved, universal hero. Romantic propaganda. If the haole had done as Kamehameha, then they'd be seen as evil villains. Now, we have Kamehameha Day. We celebrate a warlord and imperialist, whose aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. Lot's of it. For a long time. With many dead. He was only able to conquer the chiefdoms after he received great western help (weapons, counsel, training, tactics, supplies and combat support). Kamehameha didn't 'unite' the lāhui with democratic consensus building. He just used an axe, club, spear, knife, musket and cannon. BLAM!!!
    1
  1048.  @sparrowpelt20xx61  Nah, there's just small fringe groups of salty people who hate the U.S.
    1
  1049. There's a great deal of anthropological and paleoenvironmental evidence that shows that native hawaiians caused the extinction of half of Hawaii's aviafauna, which happened before any western contact. Human beings are always an invasive species. The 'peaceful, environmentally harmonious indigenous people' is a romantic myth.
    1
  1050. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet or Taiwan. Lol
    1
  1051. That video was choke stupid. There were too many historical inaccuracies, falsehoods and propaganda. That guy is talkin out da side of his mouth. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1052. Nothing like this happened in Hawai'i.
    1
  1053. They're mis-educational. This video is full of misinformation, half-truths and propaganda. There's also a LOT of history that was omitted.
    1
  1054. The U.S. didn't 'invade' Hawai'i and, no, they didn't 'destroy' their culture. Kamehameha wouldn't have been able to conquer the island chiefdoms without great western help (weapons, supplies, tactics, training, counsel and combat support). Hawaiian Kings intentionally blended western systems (education, religion, economics, politics and military) with native hawaiian traditions. The kanaka, westerners and asians built the Hawaiian Kingdom together. They were kama'āina and ohana. Whenever cultures interact, there's always going to be cross-pollination.
    1
  1055.  @kiereningold3865  It's perfectly relevant to your point about expansionism. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli. Did you think Polynesians weren't expansionists? Like I said, whenever cultures interact, there's going to be cultural cross-pollination with good and bad consequences. Source: All human history.
    1
  1056. Hawai'i was never stolen, invaded or conquered by the United States.
    1
  1057. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet. Lol
    1
  1058. @‘‘ The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  1059. The U.S. didn't 'steal' Hawai'i. This video intentionally omitted and ignored a great deal of hawaiian history. It's full of historical inaccuracies, half-truths and propaganda.
    1
  1060. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet.
    1
  1061.  @MrHistory269  Schaffer's crazy plans were never offically supported by the Russian government. Also, the Americans threatened to send several ships to Kauai if they didn't pull out. Kamehameha still relied on American muscle to oppose the Russians.
    1
  1062. The U.S. didn't steal Hawai'i. Lol.
    1
  1063. Are you saying that China and Russia are positive force on world stability? Lol
    1
  1064. Hawai'i wasn't colonized. Lol
    1
  1065. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  1066. Wait?! You had a history tour here in Hawai'i and actually believe this jankity YouTube video? Brah, this video was full of historical inaccuracies, half-truths and propaganda. Sorry to say.
    1
  1067. Cerebral? Courageous? This vid was full of misinformation, half truths and political propaganda. Deceptive? Yes.
    1
  1068. The missionaries didn't force kanaka to stop surfing. They just didn't like the display of public nudity and encouraged them to put clothes on. Huge difference ;)
    1
  1069. This video was extremely biased. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1070. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1071.  @ikaikaxkeahi  Try again, cousin. History ain't that simple ;) Kamehameha V overthrew the government in 1864. He prorogated the legislature, abrogated the 1852 Constitution, unilaterally created his own constitution and strengthened his autocratic powers (removed checks and balances, weakened power sharing and strengthened the king to be more like an absolute monarch), which was unconstitutional and illegal. Sound familiar? Queen Lili'uokalani tried to do the same thing. First, she tried to ammend the existing 1887 Constitution, but she repeatedly failed. Her supporters wanted her to do the same as Kamehameha V and just 'proclaim' a new constitution. She drafted the Constitution of 1893, but her Ministers wouldn't sign it because it was illegal and would cause civil unrest (i.e. riots and/or rebellion). Some of her ministers informed her political opponents about her scheme... and the rest is history. The Queen never submitted her Constitution for approval by the Legislature. She just wanted to proclaim the old one was dead and HER new one was the new law of the land, which was very illegal. It was a reckless power grab that cost her the throne.   King Kalākaua wasn't physically forced to sign the 1887 Constitution. His political enemies threatened to overthrow him if he didn't make political concessions. His political opponents didn't storm Palace 'Iolani and force him to sign a new constitution. Kalākaua had a weak government. He couldn't defend against their intimidation tactics. Instead of directly dealing with his problem via political negotiation/compromise, police response or military action,  he asked his international allies (United States, Great Britain, France, Japan, and Portugal) to help him, but they advised that he agree to the terms set by the Hawaiian League. He capitulated. No one physically put a gun to his head or bayonet to his throat. He conceded in order to save his throne. He didn't assert his authority and defend his government. Kalākaua was already a timid ruler and acted like a figurehead before the Revolution of 1887 even happened. Historically, there have been many civil/uncivil protests/riots/rebellions/revolutions that have changed politics, policy and government. The Right to Revolution goes all the way back to John Locke and even earlier. By its nature, every revolution is 'illegal' from the perspective of the side who lost. Lili'uokalani's Power Grab The Queen's draft of the 1893 Constitution had the following: - Members of the privy council, notary public, and agents would be able to run for the legislature. This was political double-dipping. For example, the Privy Council consisted of the King's cabinet ministers, who were politically aligned with the King. Queen Lili'uokalani wanted to allow her cabinet ministers to also be able to serve in the Legislature, which increases her political power. Also, it's fundamentally wrong to allow one person to serve in both the executive and legislative branches. - The Queen would be given the power to call meetings of the legislature. Queen Lili'uokalani tried to increase power for the sovereign (herself). - The Queen’s private lands and other property were made inviolable. The Kamehameha dynasty ended with Kamehameha V. Kalākaua and Lili'uokalani were no longer sovereigns with inviolable land and property. - The Queen would sign all bills before they became law. The 1887 constitution allowed the Legislature to repass bills with a two-thirds majority and overcome a sovereign's vetoe. Kalākua's reign was considered corrupt. The Legislative branch was given stronger, conditional approval authority. - Nobles would be appointed by the Queen instead of elected. Obviously, this gives more power to the sovereign because Lili'uokalani can appoint noblemen (instead of a more democratic election). The people would concede more power to the sovereign. - American and European residents, granted suffrage in 1887, would lose the right to vote. Voting rights would be taken away from a large demographic group. By 1893, the demographics of Hawai'i were roughly 1/3rd kanaka, 1/3rd westerners and 1/3rd asian. - The Queen would be able to appoint governors of each island for four years. More power for the sovereign. - Article 78 of the 1887 Constitution which required the monarch to perform "with the advice and consent of the Cabinet" was left out. This removed legislative checks-and-balances over the executive branch. If the Queen was proposing minor reforms, then her Constitution of 1893 wouldn't raise any eyebrows. But it wasn't minor. She was upset about the 1887 Constitution just like the westerners were upset about the 1864 Constitution. Queen Lili'uokalani was attempting a major power grab. And, no, the Legislature wasn't ready to pass the new constitution. The Revolution of 1887 had caused a significant power shift. Queen Lili'uokalani kept her plan secret, within her inner circle. She planned on proclaiming (surprise!!!🎉) a new constitution... and she ordered the military to put down any rebellion (that's a power play... and a bit tyrannical). That's a premidated crime. Unfortunately, someone leaked her plan. And the rest is history. Lili'uokalani instigated her own overthrow. Her plan was illegal. Sure, many kanaka would've approved of her power grab and many westerners opposed it. Nevertheless, she overstepped her constitutional powers and suffered the consequences. She's a victim of her own arrogance.
    1
  1072.  @ikaikaxkeahi  It's not just your history, it's everyone's history. Kamehameha V peacefully overthrew the government in 1864. If Kamehameha V was making minor, benign improvements to the 1852 Constitution, then he would've never refused to take oath and declare a surprise, unexpected constitutional convention. He would've just followed the ammendment process. Instead, he ignored procedure. The 1852 Constitution doesn't contain any sovereign prerogative that gives the King such power (without working with the Legislature). King Kamehameha IV approved the 1852 Constitution, which required all subsequent kings (including V) to take the oath to "maintain the Constitution of the Kingdom whole and inviolate, and to govern in conformity with that and and the laws." All subsequent sovereigns had to comply with the constitution ("SHALL take the following oath"). In 1852, there was nothing to support the assertion that future kings could repeal the constitution whenever they wanted - on a King's whim. That would be a very flimsy and unstable government, which it wasn't. That power was never enumerated and granted. The 1852 Constitution enumerated the powers and processes to amend the it AND this would be the place where such extraordinary (kingly) powers would have been defined. But they don't exist. Article 105 (Mode of Amending the Constitution) stated that ammendments could be proposed in either branch of the legislature and had to be ratified with a two thirds majority by both houses. The King didn't have the constitutional power to scrap the constitution and replace it with his own. People criticized and opposed Kamehameha V's radical and subversive plan. It sparked a firestorm. When he proclaimed a convention and his own constitution, there were fierce public debates. The King flagrantly assumed powers that he obviously didn't have. The delegates even opposed him during the convention (where some even resigned) and the process became deadlocked. Kamehameha V still abrogated the constitution, disbanded the convention, drafted his own constitution and promulgated it without ratification by the Legislature. All of that was unconstitutional and illegal. He staged a coup to roll back many of the previous reforms to expand his autocratic powers and strengthen the monarchy. Did you actually think the Mo'i could abrogate an existing constitution and declare a new one whenever he/she felt like it? Press X to doubt. That's a very naive and foolish presumption. The 1852 Constitution didn't give the King such broad, sweeping powers. Go ahead, please cite the specific law in the 1852 Constitution that enumerated this fictitious process and power. It doesn't exist. Your Kumu are wrong. Are you sure they objectively and fairly studied 'olelo Hawai'i???
    1
  1073.  @ikaikaxkeahi  Hawai'i was a Constitutional Monarchy. Constitutional. Monarchy. You couldn't state what part of the Constitution of 1852 gave the Mo'i such broad, sweeping and ridiculous powers. Why? Because no such power was given to him by the Constitution of 1852. Obviously. Lol. Therefore, King Kamehameha V ACTED OUTSIDE of the Constitution, which was illegal and unconstitutional. Are you sure you studied Hawaiian History? Did you even read the Constitution of 1852? There was no 'sovereign prerogative'. It's all just wishful thinking. Hawaii's history is everyone's history. Did you think it was only yours?😉
    1
  1074. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  1075.  @alapakeheanu4776  And we're lucky that Great Britain didn't retaliate harshly against Hawai'i.
    1
  1076. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet. Lol
    1
  1077. Prince Kūhio also wrote the first Hawai'i Statehood bill in 1919.
    1
  1078. The United States didn't steal the land or its identity. Kamehameha was a big bully. He stole all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of *Hawai'i*. He was a warlord and an imperialist.
    1
  1079. Politically, the Apology Resolution was intended to help pave the way for federal tribal recognition of the Native Hawaiian people, just like the Native Americans. Legally, it had no effect on any settlement against the United States and didn't alter or modify the purity of land title own by the State of Hawaii. The Apology Bill doesn't support the hawaiian independence activists desire for secession and sovereignty. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the resolution was written with conciliatory and precatory language, not legal language that confers rights or acts as legislation. The Apology Resolution was an opinion statement, not a legal one. If you want federal recognition of the kanaka (similar to the Akaka Bill), then the Apology Bill is an olive branch that can be used to start that process. The Apology Bill doesn't legally support the hawaiian independence movement. The U.S. President, Congress and Military never enacted (or admitted) a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Government. The Apology Bill apoligized for the role that some U.S. citzens and expatriates played in the hawaiian revolution that overthrew the monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by a bloodless and peaceful coup of wealthy and powerful haole, who were denizens, citizens and royal subjects, of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The Morgan Report refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing since they didn't participate in the overthrow, support the hawaiian insurgents in any way and didn't act aggressively or violently against the monarchy. The Morgan Report was 1,176 pages of public interviews on all sides, with cross-examination and under oath (which the Blount Report did not do). The Apology Resolution is just a 5 page opinion statement full of 'whereas' clauses. It doesn't even remotely come close to refuting the Morgan Report.
    1
  1080. It was far from being an excellent or concise summary. This video had a lot of historical inaccuracies, half-truths and propaganda. He didn't cover Hawaiian history in an objective fashion. History isn't simple, black-and-white, cut-and-dry. It's often very complex and ugly.
    1
  1081. You don't know Hawaiian history. How did the United States 'steal' Hawai'i? And, no, 'white supremacy' isn't as American as apple pie. Lol. Every country has beautiful and ugly parts in its history (including Hawai'i and the United States). Hawai'i has, historically and in modern times, had it's own 'native hawaiian supremacists', who ruled (in the past) based on their ethnic 'superiority' and who still want to do the same today. After Captain Cook discovered Hawai'i in 1778, Hawai'i became a multiethnic, multinational and multicultural society. Many people were binded together with the spirit of aloha. Whenever new groups meet, there is always social conflict. Lastly, there are supemacists of all colors (white, black, brown, yellow, etc)... And good people come in every color of the rainbow, too. P.S. Africans participated in the slave trade. There was a long history of bondage in Africa before Europeans set foot on the continent. Coastal African tribes would capture, enslave and barter/trade/sell intercontinental Africans into European slavery. Native Americans have a history of war, conquest, slavery and genocide before Columbus ever sailed to the 'New World'. History isn't simple, black-and-white and cut-and-dry.
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  1082.  @akken2112  You don't need to belong to the KKK or Nazi party to be a 'white supremacist' or be someone who believes in 'white supremacy'. Lol. Here's the definition for white supremacy: white supremacy - the belief that white people constitute a superior race and should therefore dominate society, typically to the exclusion or detriment of other racial and ethnic groups, in particular black or Jewish people. Now, let's adapt the definition for Native Hawaiian Supremacy: native hawaiian supremacy - the belief that native hawaiian people constitute a superior race and should therefore dominate Hawaiian society, typically to the exclusion or detriment of other racial and ethnic groups, in particular caucasian and asian people. There are Native Hawaiians who hate white people, the Japanese, Chinese, etc. Do you even live in Hawai'i, brah? I doubt it, which explains why you have such little knowledge, experience, and understanding of our culture. There are kanaka maoli (Native Hawaiians) who believe that they are the SUPERIOR race in Hawai'i who are the BEST people who can lead the lāhui (community) and control the āina (land) and strongly believe that haole (caucasian, asian and other non-hawaiians) should have little to no influence. There are native hawaiians who openly advocate that they should have exclusive or majority control based on their race and ethnicity. They will and do commit violence against haoles. IF you park in the wrong parking spot, go to the wrong section of beach, ride on the wrong waves, etc and you're a haole, THEN you are taking a risk for a potentially violent encounter. Hawai'i even has 'Kill Haole Day' which is an end of the school year 'tradition' where native hawaiian kids beat up haole kids in school. There are native hawaiian gangs that enforce native hawaiian exclusivity. Those meat heads and mokes won't think twice before cracking your skull for the color of your skin or lack of respect, while they act like the CHOSEN PEOPLE of these islands. Come visit, brah! Just don't bring the wife and kids. Lol. We also have the Aloha Āina Party, whose members openly advocate for more control based on ethnicity. And we got the crazy native hawaiian secessionist who talk about independence and rebellion. Did you think 'white supremacy' is the only supremacy? You need to diversify your thinking ;) P.S. Africa is a large CONTINENT and had many kinds of slavery: debt slavery, enslavement of war prisoners, military slavery, slavery for prostitution, enslavement of criminals and chattel slavery. Did you actually think Africa didn't have chattel slavery? There's a long history of chattel slavery in the Nile River valley, most of the Sahel and North Africa. Many anthropologists believe that it was practiced throughout Africa at one point or another. Did you actually think Africans never owned slaves as property? You need to do better research. Mahalo nuis!😃
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  1083. This vid is full of historical inaccuracies, half truths and propaganda. Be careful what you believe on youtube. Always independently research, verify and confirm what you read, see and hear.
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  1084. Religion helped build civilization, which outweighs all the negatives. Lol
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  1085.  @dub6pimp  There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 ✔✔✔
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  1086. Our queem was an incompetent, naive leader who instigated her own overthrow. She abdicated her throne and pledged loyalty to the provisional government. Surrender is never a good strategy.
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  1087.  A.C. A.  The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  1088. Your country is probably no better. That being said, the U.S. didn't steal Hawai'i. Lol
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  1089. How about 'How Hawai'i Stole Hawai'i"? The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
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  1090.  @glass2517  What murder? What conquest? Do you even know hawaiian history? The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  1091.  @valle7543  Even his advertisements are full of lies. Lol
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  1092. There are no reservations on Hawai'i. There are HUGE differences between Hawaiians and Native Americans. For example, Native Americans never had a country.
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  1093. Queen Lili'uokalani instigated her own overthrow when she tried to prorogate the legislature, abdicate the existing constitution, unilaterally create her own constitution, strengthen her autocratic powers and defend her revolution with military force (all highly unconstitutional and illegal). Her political opponents found out, led a successful counter-revolution and overthrew her. She was later arrested, tried for treason, imprisoned under house arrest in 'Iolani Palace (luxury suite), forced to abdicate the throne and retired with a nice pension on her personal estate. Aloha 'Oe.
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  1094.  @Cobraman8447  Simple truth? Lol. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  1095. The U.S. didn't 'steal' Hawai'i. Why should they 'renounce' the land? The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The United States never fought any wars with the Hawaiian Kingdom. Should Kamehameha, the Tahitians, etc renounce their land?
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  1096. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1097. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
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  1098. Hawaii is lucky that the British Empire didn't retaliate.
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  1099.  @kelly7376  The U.S. didn't commit any 'heinous acts' against or 'colonize' Hawai'i. Do you even know Hawaiian history? Lol
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  1100.  @kelly7376  The U.S. doesn't have a 'long and violent history of extracting resources' from Hawai'i. Also, the Hawaiian Kingdom wasn't an under-developed nation when it was annexed in 1898. Hawai'i was never a colony of the U.S.
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  1101.  @kelly7376  Let me make it easier for you to understand... Did Kamehameha conquer and unify the islands on his own? No, he needed great help from westerners (British and Americans). Did the United States or Great Britain declare or claim Hawai'i as a colony? No. Did kanaka, westerners and asians build the country together? Yes, every step of the way. Were the westerners and asians denizens, citizens and royal subjects of Hawai'i? Yes. Did the westerners and asians live, work, pay taxes and support the Hawaiian Kingdom? Yes, the haole had a long history with Hawai'i from 1778 through 1893. Was the Hawaiian Kingdom a multiethnic, multicultural and multinational society? Yes. Did the Hawaiian Kingdom requested protectorate status or annexation from other countries? Yes. King Kamehameha wanted to make Hawai'i a British protectorate. King Kamehameha III requested annexation by the United States. King Kalākaua wanted to become a Japanese protectorate. Did the United States 'steal' Hawai'i? No, the U.S. declined an annexation request in 1851 and 1893. The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation in 1898 (five years after the monarchy's overthrow) and the U.S. accepted. If the U.S. were greedy, landgrabbing colonialists, then why didn't they grab Hawai'i sooner? They weren't. Did the United States overthrow the Monarchy? No, the Morgan Report exonerated the U.S. soldiers and agents of any involvement in the Revolution of 1893. I suggest you look at the Committee of Safety and the Honolulu Rifles. There were 1,100 - 1,600 angry hawaiians who overthrew Queen Lili'uokalani after she attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. Some Hawaiians wanted to maintain the monarchy, some wanted a republic and some wanted annexation. Was Hawai'i an American colony? No, it was a country that got annexed by the U.S. after the Revolution of 1893 led to the creation of a provisional government and later the Republic of Hawaii. The rebels had control of the government and requested annexation. Did some colonists object to secession from the British Empire? Yes. Did some Texans object to annexation? Yes. Did some Californians object annexation? Yes. Did some kanaka object to Kamehameha's conquest of Hawai'i? Yes. Does it matter? No, the government decides what happens with the territory. There's no requirement for public referendum or plebiscite. Did Native Hawaiians want Statehood? Yes, Native Hawaiian activists lobbied hard for Statehood. In 1919, Prince Kūhio even wrote the first Statehood Bill. Did 93% of Hawaiian voters choose statehood? Yes. Did the hawaiians receive all the same rights as Americans? Yes. The Organic Act of 1900 gave Hawaiians U.S. citizenship and the Statehood Act of 1959 gave them representation in Congress and the right to vote in federal elections. Sarcasm gets your argument nowhere. You're welcome.😄
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  1102.  @kelly7376  If you didn't want to be enlightened, then you have no business in this comment section. Go watch an Animal Crossing video. I hope you enjoy Festivale! Lol😄
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  1103.  @anothergermanmapper7754  You read ALL that and called BS? Lol. Do you even have a counterargument? Queen Lili'uokalani tried to abrogate the existing constitution, prorogate the legislature, unilaterally create her OWN constitution, strengthen her autocratic powers and defend her revolution with military force (which was all highly illegal and unconstitutional). Lili'uokalani's Power Grab The Queen's draft of the 1893 Constitution had the following: - Members of the privy council, notary public, and agents would be able to run for the legislature. This was political double-dipping. For example, the Privy Council consisted of the King's cabinet ministers, who were politically aligned with the King. Queen Lili'uokalani wanted to allow her cabinet ministers to also be able to serve in the Legislature, which increases her political power. Also, it's fundamentally wrong to allow one person to serve in both the executive and legislative branches. - The Queen would be given the power to call meetings of the legislature. Queen Lili'uokalani tried to increase power for the sovereign (herself). - The Queen’s private lands and other property were made inviolable. The Kamehameha dynasty ended with Kamehameha V. Kalākaua and Lili'uokalani were no longer sovereigns with inviolable land and property. - The Queen would sign all bills before they became law. The 1887 constitution allowed the Legislature to repass bills with a two-thirds majority and overcome a sovereign's vetoe. Kalākua's reign was considered corrupt. The Legislative branch was given stronger, conditional approval authority. - Nobles would be appointed by the Queen instead of elected. Obviously, this gives more power to the sovereign because Lili'uokalani can appoint noblemen (instead of a more democratic election). The people would concede more power to the sovereign. - American and European residents, granted suffrage in 1887, would lose the right to vote. Voting rights would be taken away from a large demographic group. By 1893, the demographics of Hawai'i were roughly 1/3rd kanaka, 1/3rd westerners and 1/3rd asian. - The Queen would be able to appoint governors of each island for four years. More power for the sovereign. - Article 78 of the 1887 Constitution which required the monarch to perform "with the advice and consent of the Cabinet" was left out. This removed legislative checks-and-balances over the executive branch. If the Queen was proposing minor reforms, then her Constitution of 1893 wouldn't raise any eyebrows. But it wasn't minor. She was upset about the 1887 Constitution just like the westerners were upset about the 1864 Constitution. Queen Lili'uokalani was attempting a major power grab. And, no, the Legislature wasn't ready to pass the new constitution. The Revolution of 1887 had caused a significant power shift. Queen Lili'uokalani kept her plan secret, within her inner circle. She planned on proclaiming (surprise!!!🎉) a new constitution... and she ordered the military to put down any rebellion (that's a power play... and a bit tyrannical). That's a premidated crime. Unfortunately, someone leaked her plan. And the rest is history. Lili'uokalani instigated her own overthrow. Her plan was illegal. Sure, many kanaka would've approved of her power grab and many westerners opposed it. Nevertheless, she overstepped her constitutional powers and suffered the consequences. She's a victim of her own arrogance. The Hawaiian Kingdom was a weak country that consistently depended on the help of stronger, more powerful nations. The Kingdom couldn't defend itself against the French Crisis, Russian incursion into Kauai, Captain Lord Paulet's annexation for Britain, Kalākua election riots, Revolution of 1864, Revolution of 1887, and Revolution of 1893. It always required help from foreign powers. Early on, Hawai'i wanted to become a British protectorate. In 1851, during the French Crisis, King Kamehameha III secretly requested annexation by the United States, but (ironically) the U.S. declined. King Kalākaua wanted to make Hawai'i a Japanese protectorate, but the Emperor declined. In 1893, the Provisional Government requested annexation, but the U.S. declined again. In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation by the U.S. (a third time by Hawaii!!!), but this time it accepted. And this was five years after the overthrow. This hardly looks like American aggression. Hawai'i was a feeble country that always needed the protection of a Big Brother.
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  1104.  @anothergermanmapper7754  Bruh, just take the L and walk away. I referenced the book that Queen Lili'uokalani wrote (Hawaii's Story) and her formal testimony to Commissioner Blount, and even gave you direct quotes of what SHE said. Lol. President Cleveland asked Congress to investigate the alleged U.S. involvement in the Revolution of 1893. The Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report, which exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing. President Cleveland then withdrew all his support to reinstate the former queen, re-established diplomatic relations with the Republic of Hawaii and even negotiated treaties with them. Johnny Harris omitted and distorted so much historical information to support his weak, biased, political opinion. You clearly don't know Hawaiian history and have no desire to learn it. Do your research. You have zero counterargument.😄👌
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  1105. British and Americans were trading with Hawai'i for thirty years before any missionaries arrived. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old, ancestral religion, commanded all heiau to be destroyed and terminated the harsh, oppressive kapu religious law six months before missionaries came to Hawai'i.
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  1106.  @VoidSurfer9  Hawai'i was never colonized. Kamehameha would never have been able to conquer all the islands without the help of western traders, weapons, tactics, materials, advice, training and support. Hawaiian Kings intentionally integrated western systems (education, religious, political, economic and military) with Hawaiian traditions. The kanaka and haole built the country together - from start to finish. The kanaka, westerners and asians were denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom. Who was the first western governor of Hawai'i? Isaac Davis and John Young were valuable advisors who were very instrumental to King Kamehameha's success. The King granted Davis ali'i status, had him marry into his family and made him governor of O'ahu. When Kamehameha left Big Island, Young acted as governor of Hawai'i on his behalf. Young was also the grandfather of Queen Emma. The Hawaiian Kingdom was a very western style country. The Royal (mo'i) and Nobility (ali'i) classes embraced the modern world. The missionaries helped create a written language, which was invaluable for knowledge collection, study and sharing. Unfortunately, the Hawaiian Kingdom consistently depended on the help of stronger, more powerful nations. The Kingdom couldn't defend itself against the French Crisis, Russian incursion into Kauai, Captain Lord Paulet's annexation for Britain, Kalākua election riots, Revolution of 1864, Revolution of 1887, and Revolution of 1893. It always required help from foreign powers. Early on, Hawai'i wanted to become a British protectorate. In 1851, during the French Crisis, King Kamehameha III secretly requested annexation by the United States, but (ironically) the U.S. declined. King Kalākaua wanted to make Hawai'i a Japanese protectorate, but the Emperor declined. In 1893, the Provisional Government requested annexation, but the U.S. declined again. In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation by the U.S. (a third time by Hawaii!!!), but this time it accepted. And this was five years after the overthrow. This hardly looks like American aggression. Hawai'i always needed the protection of a Big Brother. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1107.  @VoidSurfer9  Let me make it easier for you to understand... Did Kamehameha conquer and unify the islands on his own? No, he needed great help from westerners (British and Americans). Did the United States or Great Britain declare or claim Hawai'i as a colony? No. Did kanaka, westerners and asians build the country together? Yes, every step of the way. Were the westerners and asians denizens, citizens and royal subjects of Hawai'i? Yes. Did the westerners and asians live, work, pay taxes and support the Hawaiian Kingdom? Yes, the haole had a long history with Hawai'i from 1778 through 1893. Was the Hawaiian Kingdom a multiethnic, multicultural and multinational society? Yes. Did the Hawaiian Kingdom requested protectorate status or annexation from other countries? Yes. King Kamehameha wanted to make Hawai'i a British protectorate. King Kamehameha III requested annexation by the United States. King Kalākaua wanted to become a Japanese protectorate. Did the United States 'steal' Hawai'i? No, the U.S. declined an annexation request in 1851 and 1893. The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation in 1898 (five years after the monarchy's overthrow) and the U.S. accepted. If the U.S. were greedy, landgrabbing colonialists, then why didn't they grab Hawai'i sooner? They weren't. Did the United States overthrow the Monarchy? No, the Morgan Report exonerated the U.S. soldiers and agents of any involvement in the Revolution of 1893. I suggest you look at the Committee of Safety and the Honolulu Rifles. There were 1,100 - 1,600 angry hawaiians who overthrew Queen Lili'uokalani after she attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. Some Hawaiians wanted to maintain the monarchy, some wanted a republic and some wanted annexation. Was Hawai'i an American colony? No, it was a country that got annexed by the U.S. after the Revolution of 1893 led to the creation of a provisional government and later the Republic of Hawaii. The rebels had control of the government and requested annexation. Did some colonists object to secession from the British Empire? Yes. Did some Texans object to annexation? Yes. Did some Californians object annexation? Yes. Did some kanaka object to Kamehameha's conquest of Hawai'i? Yes. Does it matter? No, the government decides what happens with the territory. There's no requirement for public referendum or plebiscite. Did 93% of Hawaiian voters choose statehood? Yes. See, it's not a colony ;)
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  1108. The United States didn't fight any wars or battles or conquer the Hawaiian Kingdom. Meanwhile, China is building up its military forces and has plans to eventually invade Taiwan (if and when they consider it necessary). Taiwan and it's allies (including the U.S.) have built up their military forces, alliances and logistics to counter any Chinese military aggression and China is doing the same to counter them. There's a HUGE difference between Hawai'i and Taiwan.
    1
  1109. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  1110. Do you think the Aztec, Spanish and Mexicans didn't conquer or 'steal' any territories? That being said, the U.S. didn't 'steal' Hawai'i. However, the Texans did defeat Mexico and took a large chunk of territory AND the U.S. defeated Mexico and took an even larger area. Mexico wasn't able to protect its land from the Comanche, Texans or Americans.
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  1111.  @toon_scaling  Kamehameha was a warlord and an imperialist. The kanaka and haole built the Hawaiian Kingdom together. Hawaiian Kings intentionally blended western systems (education, religion, economics, politics and military) with native hawaiian tradition.
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  1112. Hawai'i is nothing like Crimea. The Russians fought an actual war conquer and annex the land.
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  1113.  @Ida-xe8pg  In 1783, after the Russo-Turkish War, the Russian Empire annexed Crimea. After the Russian Revolution of 1917, Crimea became an autonomous republic within the USSR. During World War II, the Soviets deported Crimea's entire indigenous population, the Crimean Tartars, to Central Asia. In 1954, the Russians transferred Crimea to the Ukranian SSR. In 1991, Crimea became an autonomous republic within the Ukraine after the collapse of the Soviet Union. In 2014, pro-Russian separatists and the Russian military forces took over the Supreme Council of Crimea, captured strategic sites, installed a pro-Russian government, conducted a referendum and declared Crimean independence on March 16, 2014. Russia then annexed Crimea on March 18, 2014. Only two days later. Crimea is not like Hawai'i.
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  1114. Hawai'i isn't still a sovereign country. The Hawaiian Kingdom died in 1893. Lol
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  1115. James Dole migrated to Hawai'i in 1899 to start his fruit company, which was six years after the overthrow and one year after annexation. Lol
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  1116. What are you talking about? How did the U.S. do any killing in Hawai'i like Nazi Germany? Lol
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  1117. No chance. Hawaii's biggest industries are Tourism ($16B) and Military ($16B). Agriculture is dead. Why? It's in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, which makes imports and exports too expensive. We can't compete with mainland America or Asia. Besides, the U.S. is great. There's zero chance for sovereignty.
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  1118. Tibet is nothing like Hawai'i.
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  1119.  @LeeSkJohn-sv8wi  China invaded, conquered and annexed Tibet with a large military force. There were over 3,000 dead, injured and captured. During the Great Leap Forward, another 200,000 - 1,000,000 Tibetans died from the worst famine in human history. The United States never engaged in any battles or wars with the Hawaiian Kingdom. The U.S. soldiers (162 marines and sailors) did not work with the Hawaiian rebels to patrol any streets, surround any buildings, raid any offices, provide any material support or engage in any firefights. There's a huge world of difference between U.S. and Hawai'i when compared to China and Taiwan. If you studied mo'olelo hawai'i, then you would know that the Hawaiian Kingdom was created with great help from kanaka, westerners and asians. Kamehameha would never have been able to conquer and unify the islands without great western help (weapons, supplies, counsel, training, tactics and combat support). Hawaiian Kings intentionally blended western systems (education, religious, economic, political and military) with native hawaiian traditions. The kanaka and haole worked together to build the nation. The kanaka, westerners and asians were denizens, citizens and royal subjects. They were kama'āina and ohana. The Hawaiian Kingdom was a multiethnic, multicultural and multinational society. The native hawaiian culture wasn't destroyed. It's a huge myth that the Hawaiian language was banned/eradicated by the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii or United States. The Hawaiian Kingdom enacted an education policy that highly favored English before the overthrow of the monarchy in 1893. King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1855): "To foster education and widen every channel that leads to knowledge, is one of our most imperative duties... It is of the highest importance, in my opinion, that education in the English language should become more general, for it is my firm conviction that unless my subjects become educated in this tongue, their hope of intellectual progress, and of meeting the foreigners on terms of equality, is a vain one." King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1856) that he was satisfied with the Board of Education's progress on English instruction "It is particularly gratifying to know that instruction in the English language is prosecuted with so much success among my native subjects. I recommend you to make as liberal a provision for the support of this class of schools as the state of my Treasury will admit." And this Hawaiian Kingdom Policy was very successful in adopting the English language as the main language of education and instruction. 1881: 66% English, 33% Hawaiian 1887: 84% English,16% Hawaiian  1892: 95% English, 5% Hawaiian 1896: 97% English, 3% Hawaiian
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  1120. Many civilizations have built empires. King Kamehameha was a warlord, conqueror and imperialist. He waved a 20+ year war campaign to steal all the āina, mana and wealth for his Kingdom of Hawai'i. His aumakua was the war god, Kū, and wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the Big Island is called Hawai'i and the entire archipelago is also called Hawai'i.😉
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  1121. This video was was full of half-truths, misinformation and propaganda. Johnny Harris is terrible at historical research.
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  1122. @Srinaath Anbudurai The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1123. Queen Lili'uokalani retired to her personal estate with a nice pension, where she wrote songs and books. She wasn't 'slaughtered'. Lol
    1
  1124. Hawai'i wasn't colonized.
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  1125.  @AlessWorld  Hawai'i was never 'colonized'. Most people don't even know what 'colonization' means. It's just a buzz word to them. Let me make it easier for you to understand... Did Kamehameha conquer and unify the islands on his own? No, he needed great help from westerners (British and Americans). Did the United States or Great Britain declare or claim Hawai'i as a colony? No. Did kanaka, westerners and asians build the country together? Yes, every step of the way. Were the westerners and asians denizens, citizens and royal subjects of Hawai'i? Yes. Did the westerners and asians live, work, pay taxes and support the Hawaiian Kingdom? Yes, the haole had a long history with Hawai'i from 1778 through 1893. Was the Hawaiian Kingdom a multiethnic, multicultural and multinational society? Yes. Did the Hawaiian Kingdom requested protectorate status or annexation from other countries? Yes. King Kamehameha wanted to make Hawai'i a British protectorate. King Kamehameha III requested annexation by the United States. King Kalākaua wanted to become a Japanese protectorate. Did the United States 'steal' Hawai'i? No, the U.S. declined an annexation request in 1851 and 1893. The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation in 1898 (five years after the monarchy's overthrow) and the U.S. accepted. If the U.S. were greedy, landgrabbing colonialists, then why didn't they grab Hawai'i sooner? They weren't. Did the United States overthrow the Monarchy? No, the Morgan Report exonerated the U.S. soldiers and agents of any involvement in the Revolution of 1893. I suggest you look at the Committee of Safety and the Honolulu Rifles. There were 1,100 - 1,600 angry hawaiians who overthrew Queen Lili'uokalani after she attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. Some Hawaiians wanted to maintain the monarchy, some wanted a republic and some wanted annexation. Was Hawai'i an American colony? No, it was a country that got annexed by the U.S. after the Revolution of 1893 led to the creation of a provisional government and later the Republic of Hawaii. The rebels had control of the government and requested annexation. Did some colonists object to secession from the British Empire? Yes. Did some Texans object to annexation? Yes. Did some Californians object annexation? Yes. Did some kanaka object to Kamehameha's conquest of Hawai'i? Yes. Does it matter? No, the government decides what happens with the territory. There's no requirement for public referendum or plebiscite. Did 93% of Hawaiian voters choose statehood? Yes. Did the hawaiians receive all the same rights as Americans? Yes. The Organic Act of 1900 gave Hawaiians U.S. citizenship and the Statehood Act of 1959 gave them representation in Congress and the right to vote in federal elections. See, it's not a colony ;)
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  1126. Are you sure? Hawai'i was never colonized. Kamehameha would never have been able to conquer all the islands without the help of western traders, weapons, tactics, materials, advice, training and support. Hawaiian Kings intentionally integrated western systems (education, religious, political, economic and military) with Hawaiian traditions. The kanaka and haole built the country together and became one ohana, blended by aloha. Who was the first western governor of Hawai'i? Isaac Davis and John Young were valuable advisors who were very instrumental to King Kamehameha's success. The King granted Davis ali'i status, had him marry into his family and made him governor of O'ahu. When Kamehameha left Big Island, Young acted as governor of Hawai'i on his behalf. Young was also the grandfather of Queen Emma. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  1127.  @xtscarfacem8255  Kamehameha would never have been able to conquer all the islands without the help of western traders, weapons, tactics, materials, advice, training and support. Hawaiian Kings intentionally integrated western systems (education, religious, political, economic and military) with Hawaiian traditions. The kanaka and haole built the country together and became one ohana, blended by aloha. Isaac Davis and John Young were valuable advisors who were very instrumental to King Kamehameha's success. The King granted Davis ali'i status, had him marry into his family and made him governor of O'ahu. When Kamehameha left Big Island, Young acted as governor of Hawai'i on his behalf. Young was also the grandfather of Queen Emma. The kanaka and haole were ohana. The kanaka, westerners and asians were all denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom. They were kama'āina.
    1
  1128.  @xtscarfacem8255  The United States didn't commit 'genocide' in Hawai'i. That's an absolute s-t-r-e-t-c-h of a wild imagination. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1129.  Teofilo L  There is no comparison between how the United States annexed Hawai'i and how China invaded, conquered and annexed Tibet.
    1
  1130. Sorry, braddah, the revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1131.  @bluerose1528  The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  1132. Hawai'i was never colonized. Kamehameha would never have been able to conquer all the islands without the help of western traders, weapons, tactics, materials, advice, training and support. Hawaiian Kings intentionally integrated western systems (education, religious, political, economic and military) with Hawaiian traditions. The kanaka and haole built the country together and became one ohana, blended by aloha. Who was the first western governor of Hawai'i? Isaac Davis and John Young were valuable advisors who were very instrumental to King Kamehameha's success. The King granted Davis ali'i status, had him marry into his family and made him governor of O'ahu. When Kamehameha left Big Island, Young acted as governor of Hawai'i on his behalf. Young was also the grandfather of Queen Emma. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1133. The U.S. didn't 'conquer' or 'steal' Hawai'i with force. Lol. Queen Lili'uokalani tried an illegal and unconstitutional powergrab. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature, unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1134. Annexation. After 128 years, there hasn't been a single United States or International Court decision that has declared that Hawai'i was 'occupied' or annexed 'illegally'. There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424?seq=1 ✔✔✔
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  1135. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet. Lol
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  1136.  @ianhomerpura8937  Hawai'i was an important trade hub because the British and Americans made it into an important waypoint for sandalwood trade and to Asian markets. Due to it's location, it was a very valuable and strategic economic and military location. The Hawaiian Kingdom was also a weak country that consistently depended on the help of stronger, more powerful nations. The Kingdom couldn't defend itself against the French Crisis, Russian incursion into Kauai, Captain Lord Paulet's annexation for Britain, Kalākua election riots, Revolution of 1864, Revolution of 1887, and Revolution of 1893. It always required help from foreign powers. Early on, Hawai'i wanted to become a British protectorate. In 1851, during the French Crisis, King Kamehameha III secretly requested annexation by the United States, but (ironically) the U.S. declined. King Kalākaua wanted to make Hawai'i a Japanese protectorate, but the Emperor declined. In 1893, the Provisional Government requested annexation, but the U.S. declined again. In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation by the U.S. (a third time by Hawaii!!!), but this time it accepted. And this was five years after the overthrow. This hardly looks like American aggression. Hawai'i was a feeble country that always needed the protection of a Big Brother.
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  1137. How is the United States trying to 'erase' Hawaiian culture?
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  1138. This video is full of historical inaccuracies, misinformation, half-truths and propaganda. Lol
    1
  1139. It's a huge myth that the Hawaiian language was banned/eradicated by the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii or United States. The Hawaiian Kingdom enacted an education policy that highly favored English before the overthrow of the monarchy in 1893. King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1855): "To foster education and widen every channel that leads to knowledge, is one of our most imperative duties... It is of the highest importance, in my opinion, that education in the English language should become more general, for it is my firm conviction that unless my subjects become educated in this tongue, their hope of intellectual progress, and of meeting the foreigners on terms of equality, is a vain one." King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1856) that he was satisfied with the Board of Education's progress on English instruction "It is particularly gratifying to know that instruction in the English language is prosecuted with so much success among my native subjects. I recommend you to make as liberal a provision for the support of this class of schools as the state of my Treasury will admit." And this Hawaiian Kingdom Policy was very successful in adopting the English language as the main language of education and instruction. 1881: 66% English, 33% Hawaiian 1887: 84% English,16% Hawaiian  1892: 95% English, 5% Hawaiian 1896: 97% English, 3% Hawaiian The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  1140. The United States didn't steal Hawai'i. Lol
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  1141. Settler colonialism? That's NOT what happened in Hawai'i. King Kamehameha couldn't conquer, unify and create the Kingdom of Hawai'i without great help from Westerners. Hawaiian Kings blended western systems (education, religious, economic, political and military) with Native Hawaiian traditions. Hawai'i wasn't colonized. This is nothing like Israel and Palestine. Lol
    1
  1142. There are many poor people (of all different backgrounds) who live in poverty in Hawai'i. It's not just Native Hawaiians. Furthermore, most 'Native Hawaiians' are mixed. There's only about 4,000 - 8,000 people with 100% Hawaiian blood.
    1
  1143. James Dole didn't migrate to Hawai'i to start his fruit company until 1899, which was six years after the Revolution of 1893 and one year after the Annexation of 1898. Lol
    1
  1144. Hawai'i was nothing like Tibet or Crimea. Lol. Did the U.S. go to war or fight any battles against the Hawaiian Kingdom? Nope. Queen Lili'uokalani, the royalists, the insurgents and the American soldiers all testified that the U.S. soldiers played no active role in the Revolution of 1893.
    1
  1145. Queen Lili'uokalani's Royal Guard bad guns, artillery, gatling guns and even a gunboat. Honolulu also had a large armed police force. The United States never threatened Hawai'i and they didn't engage in any combat. The U.S. soldiers didn't actively participate in the Revolution of 1893.
    1
  1146. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet. Lol
    1
  1147. The U.S. didn't steal Hawai'i. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  1148. What? The U.S. didn't fight any battles or wars with the Hawaiian Kingdom? Lol
    1
  1149. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The United States didn't fight any battles or wars with the Hawaiian Kingdom. Queen Lili'uokalani tried to prorogate the legislature, abrogate the existing constitution, unilaterally create her OWN constitution, strengthen her autocratic powers and defend her revolution with military force (which was highly illegal and unconstitutional)... but people (denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom) found out about her secret plot, organized, mobilized and overthrew her with a successful counter-revolution. She was overthrown by 1,100 - 1,600 angry militiamen (Honolulu Rifles), who were her royal subjects. Lili'uokalani attempted a bold, arrogant and risky power grab, but it blew up in her face. She cost the country its independence. Aloha 'Oe.
    1
  1150. @Jordan Fuifui Did the U.S. launch a blitzkrieg attack on the Hawaiian Kingdom and conquer it with military force? Nope.😉
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  1151. @Jordan Fuifui Queen Lili'uokalani was overthrown by a local revolution of her own royal subjects... who were angry that she tried to overthrow the government, which was an illegal and unconstitutional act. The new Provisional Government requested annexation after the Revolution of 1893, but the U.S. declined. President Cleveland asked Congress to investigate alleged U.S. involvement in the revolution. The Senate Committee on Foreign Relations released the Morgan Report, which exonerated the U.S. military of any wrongdoing. President Cleveland then withdrew all of his support for reinstatement of the former queen, re-established diplomatic relations with the Republic of Hawaii and negotiated treaties with them in. In 1898 (five years after the overthrow), the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation and, this time, the U.S. accepted the offer. In 1959, 93% of hawaiians voted for statehood.
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  1152. @Jordan Fuifui Yup, Hawai'i was annexed legally. The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation and the U.S. accepted the offer.
    1
  1153. @Jordan Fuifui Bruh, I've been hitting you over the head with facts. Lol. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1154.  @aleisterj.r8848  You're asking whether Hawai'i was annexed legally. Clearly, the Morgan Report exonerated the U.S. military of any wrongdoing. Furthermore, Queen Lili'uokalani was overthrown by her own people... after she tried to overthrow the government (which is obviously highly illegal and unconstitutional).
    1
  1155.  @aleisterj.r8848  Oops! Wrong person. Lol. You can't compare Hitler to the Annexation of Hawai'i. The U.S. didn't even invade or fight any wars/battles with the Hawaiian Kingdom.
    1
  1156.  @aleisterj.r8848  I understood the joke... it just wasn't funny (or historically accurate). Hawai'i wasn't 'colonized'. Let me make it easier for you to understand... Did Kamehameha conquer and unify the islands on his own? No, he needed great help from westerners (British and Americans). Did the United States or Great Britain declare or claim Hawai'i as a colony? No. Did kanaka, westerners and asians build the country together? Yes, every step of the way. Were the westerners and asians denizens, citizens and royal subjects of Hawai'i? Yes. Did the westerners and asians live, work, pay taxes and support the Hawaiian Kingdom? Yes, the haole had a long history with Hawai'i from 1778 through 1893. Was the Hawaiian Kingdom a multiethnic, multicultural and multinational society? Yes. Did the Hawaiian Kingdom requested protectorate status or annexation from other countries? Yes. King Kamehameha wanted to make Hawai'i a British protectorate. King Kamehameha III requested annexation by the United States. King Kalākaua wanted to become a Japanese protectorate. Did the United States 'steal' Hawai'i? No, the U.S. declined an annexation request in 1851 and 1893. The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation in 1898 (five years after the monarchy's overthrow) and the U.S. accepted. If the U.S. were greedy, landgrabbing colonialists, then why didn't they grab Hawai'i sooner? They weren't. Did the United States overthrow the Monarchy? No, the Morgan Report exonerated the U.S. soldiers and agents of any involvement in the Revolution of 1893. I suggest you look at the Committee of Safety and the Honolulu Rifles. There were 1,100 - 1,600 angry hawaiians who overthrew Queen Lili'uokalani after she attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. Some Hawaiians wanted to maintain the monarchy, some wanted a republic and some wanted annexation. Was Hawai'i an American colony? No, it was a country that got annexed by the U.S. after the Revolution of 1893 led to the creation of a provisional government and later the Republic of Hawaii. The rebels had control of the government and requested annexation. Did some colonists object to secession from the British Empire? Yes. Did some Texans object to annexation? Yes. Did some Californians object annexation? Yes. Did some kanaka object to Kamehameha's conquest of Hawai'i? Yes. Does it matter? No, the government decides what happens with the territory. There's no requirement for public referendum or plebiscite. Did 93% of Hawaiian voters choose statehood? Yes. Did the hawaiians receive all the same rights as Americans? Yes. The Organic Act of 1900 gave Hawaiians U.S. citizenship and the Statehood Act of 1959 gave them representation in Congress and the right to vote in federal elections. See, it's not a colony ;)
    1
  1157.  @pakelika100  93% of voters chose statehood. Now, you're just making excuses for all those people who chose not to vote. If people didn't approve of statehood, then they would've voted against it, but they didn't do that. So what did the actual voters choose? Oh yeah, NINETY THREE PERCENT (93%) of voters VOTED for Statehood!😆 Sounds like you're being intellectual dishonest... or desperate.
    1
  1158.  @pakelika100  Pat, you're grasping at straws. If people didn't go out and vote on the Statehood question, then they forfeited their political voice. They neglected their kuleana and their mana was wasted. Now, if people left the Statehood question box empty, then that means they didn't vote on the question. They didn't vote whether to become a state or not. Therefore, there obviously is no vote to count. An empty box does not represent a 'No' vote and it doesn't represent a 'Yes' vote... because the box is empty. There is no Yes/No vote because no choice was marked. Blank ballots do not count as Yes/No in the Statehood vote... because they're BLANK! Obviously. Lol. Nice try with trying to obfuscate the pertinent facts. So, again, what percentage of voters who actually voted in favor of Statehood? 93% of voters chose Statehood. That's a HUGE majority!!! Clearly, you're trying to dance around that very, unpleasant fact... because the truth doesn't fit your personal narrative. NINETY-THREE PERCENT (93%) of all votes cast and registered wanted Hawai'i to join the United States. Right now, I'm looking up at our place on the Stars and Stripes... and it looks beautiful. Meanwhile, you keep staring at an upside-down, dead flag from a bygone era. That's the problem. Your thinking is upside down. And your perspective is cross-eyed ;)
    1
  1159. British and American traders worked with Native Hawaiians for 30 years before the first missionaries arrived. King Kamehameha II abolished the old, ancestral religion, commanded all the heiau to be destroyed and terminated the harsh, oppressive kapu religious law six months before the arrival of missionaries. The missionaries didn't force anyone to convert. Kamehameha II didn't convert because he liked his rum and five wives ;) The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1160. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet. Lol
    1
  1161. And how was the Hawaiian Kingdom founded? The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli. How was your country founded?😉
    1
  1162. Hawai'i was never colonized. Kamehameha would never have been able to conquer all the islands without the help of western traders, weapons, tactics, materials, advice, training and support. Hawaiian Kings intentionally integrated western systems (education, religious, political, economic and military) with Hawaiian traditions. The kanaka and haole built the country together - from start to finish. The kanaka, westerners and asians were denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom. Who was the first western governor of Hawai'i? Isaac Davis and John Young were valuable advisors who were very instrumental to King Kamehameha's success. The King granted Davis ali'i status, had him marry into his family and made him governor of O'ahu. When Kamehameha left Big Island, Young acted as governor of Hawai'i on his behalf. Young was also the grandfather of Queen Emma. The Hawaiian Kingdom was a very western style country. The Royal (mo'i) and Nobility (ali'i) classes embraced the modern world. The missionaries helped create a written language, which was invaluable for knowledge collection, study and sharing. Unfortunately, the Hawaiian Kingdom consistently depended on the help of stronger, more powerful nations. The Kingdom couldn't defend itself against the French Crisis, Russian incursion into Kauai, Captain Lord Paulet's annexation for Britain, Kalākua election riots, Revolution of 1864, Revolution of 1887, and Revolution of 1893. It always required help from foreign powers. Early on, Hawai'i wanted to become a British protectorate. In 1851, during the French Crisis, King Kamehameha III secretly requested annexation by the United States, but (ironically) the U.S. declined. King Kalākaua wanted to make Hawai'i a Japanese protectorate, but the Emperor declined. In 1893, the Provisional Government requested annexation, but the U.S. declined again. In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation by the U.S. (a third time by Hawaii!!!), but this time it accepted. And this was five years after the overthrow. This hardly looks like American aggression. Hawai'i always needed the protection of a Big Brother.
    1
  1163.  @alapakeheanu4776  There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 ✔✔✔
    1
  1164. The Marquesians were the first migrants to Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians showed up, took control of all the islands, formed a feudal/caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religious law for hundreds of years. Some were kept as slaves and some were used for human sacrifice. Before Captain Cook arrived, there was over one hundred years of episodic, interisland tribal warfare. That sounds a lot like hell in paradise ;)
    1
  1165. That's because it's fully of inaccuracies, half-truths and propaganda. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1166. Politically, the Apology Resolution was intended to help pave the way for federal tribal recognition of the Native Hawaiian people, just like the Native Americans. Legally, it had no effect on any settlement against the United States and didn't alter or modify the purity of land title own by the State of Hawaii. The Apology Bill doesn't support the hawaiian independence activists desire for secession and sovereignty. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the resolution was written with conciliatory and precatory language, not legal language that confers rights or acts as legislation. The Apology Resolution was an opinion statement, not a legal one. If they want federal recognition of the kanaka (similar to the Akaka Bill), then the Apology Bill is an olive branch that can be used to start that process. The Apology Bill doesn't legally support the hawaiian independence movement. The U.S. President, Congress and Military never enacted (or admitted) a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Government. The Apology Bill apoligized for the alleged role that some U.S. citzens and expatriates played in the hawaiian revolution that overthrew the monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by a bloodless and peaceful coup of wealthy and powerful haole, who were naturalized citizens and royal subjects, of the Hawaiian Kingdom.The Morgan Report was 1,176 pages of public interviews on all sides, with cross-examination and under oath (which the Blount Report did not do). The Apology Resolution is just a 5 page opinion statement full of 'whereas' clauses. It doesn't even remotely come close to refuting the Morgan Report, which is still the last word and final government report on the matter.
    1
  1167. Hawai'i had the Mo'i and Ali'i, harsh oppressive kapu religious law and a feudal caste system. Which system would you prefer? Lol
    1
  1168. Kamehameha wouldn't have been able to conquer all the hawaiian chiefdoms and create the Kingdom of Hawai'i without great western help (weapons, supplies, tactics, counsel, training and combat support). Hawaiian Kings intentionally blended western systems (education, religious, economic, political and military) with native hawaiian traditions. The kanaka, westerners and asians built the Hawaiian Kingdom - from start to finish. They all became kama'āina and ohana. There was a lot of cross-pollination between native hawaiian, western and asian cultures.
    1
  1169. British and Americans were trading with Hawai'i for thirty years before any missionaries arrived. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old, ancestral religion, commanded all heiau to be destroyed and terminated the harsh, oppressive kapu religious law six months before missionaries came to Hawai'i.
    1
  1170. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  1171. Queen Lili'uokalani instigated her own overthrow when she tried to prorogate the legislature, abdicate the existing constitution, unilaterally create her own constitution, strengthen her autocratic powers and defend her revolution with military force (all highly unconstitutional and illegal). Her political opponents found out, led a successful counter-revolution and overthrew her. She was later arrested, tried for treason, imprisoned under house arrest in 'Iolani Palace (luxury suite), forced to abdicate the throne and retired with a nice pension on her personal estate. Aloha 'Oe.
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  1172. The Great Mahele of 1848 was the biggest land policy failure of Hawaiian Kingdom history. The king, ali'i and konohiki screwed over the maka'ainana and took all the land for themselves. Only less than 1% of the maka'ainana got land, which was about 30,000 acres. The powerful kanaka monarchy and nobility class got 4 million acres. 1 million for the King, 1.5 million for the government and 1.5 million for the nobility. Even worse, the kanaka elitists mismanaged their finances and sold off a great deal of land to foreigners to repay debts. The allodial land rights were designed to protect powerful kanaka while the actual land policies screwed over the common folk, the real hawaiians, the ones who actually managed and cultivated the land for generations. There are many protesters who complain about their "allodial" rights because they're hungry for a huge windfall based on genealogical claim... because their ancestors exploited their own people for great personal gain. The feudal lords of chiefdom days became the royal nobility of the Hawaiian Kingdom. And the exploitation didn't stop. The Great Mahele was a Great Crime of kanaka-on-kanaka fraud. The āina is life, mana, wealth, prosperity and happiness. The kanaka royalty and nobility classes stole all the land and screwed over the commoners, who had tended the ahupua'a for generations. They put native hawaiians behind the eight ball. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1173. Alex, simple request. Please show me the United States or International Law of 1898 that requires that a treaty (and only a treaty) must be used for the annexation of foreign land? Good luck.😊
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  1174. This video was full of misinformation, historical inaccuracies, half truths and propaganda. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1175. The United States didn't steal Hawai'i. Lol
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  1176. It was also historically inaccurate ;)
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  1177.  @sasquatch8268  You don't even have a counterargument. Did you actually think history is simple, black and white, cut and dry? Did you actually believe this silly, five minute Johnny Harris video? Lol. Unfortunately, history is often very complex. But you guys want everything to be packaged up into nice, little boxes, with a pretty red bow, so that you can easily digest it. Well, it's time to get a reality check. Most people don't study or understand Hawaiian history.😌
    1
  1178.  @alapakeheanu4776  Japan and England weren't ready and willing to go to war against the United States over Hawai'i. In 1881, Kalākaua proposed to the Japanese Emperor that they form a confederacy and make Hawai'i a Japanese protectorate. He also wanted to arrange a marriage between his niece, Princess Ka’iulani, and Japan’s Prince Yamashina. The Emperor declined because he didn't want to upset the United State. Japan would never have gone to war against the U.S. in 1893. If Japan did propose war, then this would've made huge internatioal news and bolstered the argument (and fear) that Japan wanted to acquire Hawai'i. During the 1887 Revolution, King Kalākaua asked his international allies for assistance, but they refused and advised him to accept the demands and reforms of the Hawaiian League. They weren't very eager to help. During the 1893 Revolution, British Minister Wodehouse requested support from Great Britain, but they declined. Great Britain and Japan weren't eager to fight the U.S. over Hawai'i. You're sadly mistaken or confused. Great Britain and Japan were willing to JOIN the United States, who had threatened military action against the Provisional Government to resinstate the deposed Queen. If the U.S. actually invaded and overthrew the monarchy, then it would be very easy to reinstate Lili'uokalani. But it wasn't. Queen Lili'uokalani was overthrown by a good ol' fashioned homegrown coup who were also citizens, denizens and royal subjects of Hawai'i. They were kama'āina and also a few kanaka. They basically told the U.S. to pound sand. President Cleveland sent two American warships to Hawai'i. The warships aimed their guns at the capital and visibly prepared for an amphibious assault and invasion. Great Britain and Japan wanted to join and help the United States with the invasion. They wanted to intimidate the Provisional Government, but it didn't work. Eight days later, American Minister Wodehouse admitted to President Dole that the invasion threat was just a heavy handed negotiation tactic. Brah, in 1893, Japanese intellectuals viewed native hawaiians as dojin, a derogatory term for 'land people'. The Japanese considered native hawaiians as mentally, physically and culturally inferior. By that time, Japan was entering its period of modernization, imperialism and colonialism. They felt that the Pacific Islanders needed to be guided by a more advanced people. Hawai'i was an invaluable, strategic location for economic, political and military power in the Pacific.
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  1179.  @alapakeheanu4776  'Iolani Palace used power generation, power distribution, lighting and telephony technology that was invented, manufactured and installed by westerners. King Kalākaua just called overseas and paid for the service hook-up. How is that a major accomplishment? Let's be real.
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  1180. I'm pretty sure your country has a beautiful and ugly history just like the United States. Where's your history book?😉
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  1181. The United States already had exclusive naval rights to Pearl Harbor due to the Treaty of Reciprocity of 1887, six years before the Revolution of 1893. The U.S. didn't 'steal' Hawai'i. The Queen was attempting an unconstitutional and illegal power grab, but her political opponents found out and led a successful counter-revolution to overthrow her. There were 1,100 - 1,600 local militiamen (denizens, citizens and royal subjects) who were sick and tired of the corrupt and dysfunctional monarchy.
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  1182. In 1893, Queen Lili'uokalani attempted to abrogate the existing constitution, prorogate the legislature, unilaterally create her own constitution, strengthen her autocratic powers and defend her revolution with military force (which was highly illegal and unconstitutional). This was very similar to how Kamehameha V overthrew the existing government in 1864 (minus the secret plot to use military force). Why should anyone respect Queen Lili'uokalani and her failed power grab???
    1
  1183. The United States didn't steal Hawai'i.
    1
  1184.  @tsardzhek9166  Ah, but it's far more complicated and not that straightforward. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1185. The United States didn't steal Hawai'i. Lol
    1
  1186.  @eboygaming8249  I'm from Hawai'i, but why does it matter. The U.S. didn't steal Hawai'i. The Hawaiian Kingdom consistently depended on the help of stronger, more powerful nations. The Kingdom couldn't defend itself against the French Crisis, Russian incursion into Kauai, Captain Lord Paulet's annexation for Britain, Kalākua election riots, Revolution of 1864, 1887, and 1893. It always required help from foreign powers. Early on, Hawai'i wanted to become a British protectorate. In 1851, during the French Crisis, King Kamehameha III secretly requested annexation by the United States, but (ironically) the U.S. declined. King Kalākaua wanted to make Hawai'i a Japanese protectorate, but the Emperor declined. In 1893, the Provisional Government requested annexation, but the U.S. declined again. In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation by the U.S. (a third time by Hawaii!!!), but this time it accepted. And this was five years after the overthrow. This hardly looks like American aggression. Hawai'i was a feeble country that always needed the protection of a Big Brother. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  1187. Hawai'i is a melting pot of many different cultures. It's been like that ever since 1778, when Captain Cook discovered the islands. Hawai'i is a multiethnic, multicultural and multinational society. It's been like that for over 200 years. There's no rule that a territory has to be 'touching' your land in order to for it to 'belong'. Hawai'i consists of 8 different islands, and neither of them touch (by definition).
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  1188. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  1189. Hawai'i wasn't stolen. Lol
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  1190.  @richegarcia4531  I did. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  1191.  @richegarcia4531  Kamehameha V overthrew the government in 1864. He prorogated the legislature, abrogated the 1852 Constitution, unilaterally created his own constitution and strengthened his autocratic powers (removed checks and balances, weakened power sharing and strengthened the king to be more like an absolute monarch), which was unconstitutional and illegal. Sound familiar? Queen Lili'uokalani tried to do the same thing. First, she tried to ammend the existing 1887 Constitution, but she repeatedly failed. Her supporters wanted her to do the same as Kamehameha V and just 'proclaim' a new constitution. She drafted the Constitution of 1893, but her Ministers wouldn't sign it because it was illegal and would cause civil unrest (i.e. riots and/or rebellion). Some of her ministers informed her political opponents about her scheme... and the rest is history. The Queen never submitted her Constitution for approval by the Legislature. She just wanted to proclaim the old one was dead and HER new one was the new law of the land, which was very illegal. It was a reckless power grab that cost her the throne.   King Kalākaua wasn't physically forced to sign the 1887 Constitution. His political enemies threatened to overthrow him if he didn't make political concessions. His political opponents didn't storm Palace 'Iolani and force him to sign a new constitution. Kalākaua had a weak government. He couldn't defend against their intimidation tactics. Instead of directly dealing with his problem via political negotiation/compromise, police response or military action,  he asked his international allies (United States, Great Britain, France, Japan, and Portugal) to help him, but they advised that he agree to the terms set by the Hawaiian League. He capitulated. No one physically put a gun to his head or bayonet to his throat. He conceded in order to save his throne. He didn't assert his authority and defend his government. Kalākaua was already a timid ruler and acted like a figurehead before the Revolution of 1887 even happened. Historically, there have been many civil/uncivil protests/riots/rebellions/revolutions that have changed politics, policy and government. The Right to Revolution goes all the way back to John Locke and even earlier. By its nature, every revolution is 'illegal' from the perspective of the side who lost. Lili'uokalani's Power Grab The Queen's draft of the 1893 Constitution had the following: - Members of the privy council, notary public, and agents would be able to run for the legislature. This was political double-dipping. For example, the Privy Council consisted of the King's cabinet ministers, who were politically aligned with the King. Queen Lili'uokalani wanted to allow her cabinet ministers to also be able to serve in the Legislature, which increases her political power. Also, it's fundamentally wrong to allow one person to serve in both the executive and legislative branches. - The Queen would be given the power to call meetings of the legislature. Queen Lili'uokalani tried to increase power for the sovereign (herself). - The Queen’s private lands and other property were made inviolable. The Kamehameha dynasty ended with Kamehameha V. Kalākaua and Lili'uokalani were no longer sovereigns with inviolable land and property. - The Queen would sign all bills before they became law. The 1887 constitution allowed the Legislature to repass bills with a two-thirds majority and overcome a sovereign's vetoe. Kalākua's reign was considered corrupt. The Legislative branch was given stronger, conditional approval authority. - Nobles would be appointed by the Queen instead of elected. Obviously, this gives more power to the sovereign because Lili'uokalani can appoint noblemen (instead of a more democratic election). The people would concede more power to the sovereign. - American and European residents, granted suffrage in 1887, would lose the right to vote. Voting rights would be taken away from a large demographic group. By 1893, the demographics of Hawai'i were roughly 1/3rd kanaka, 1/3rd westerners and 1/3rd asian. - The Queen would be able to appoint governors of each island for four years. More power for the sovereign. - Article 78 of the 1887 Constitution which required the monarch to perform "with the advice and consent of the Cabinet" was left out. This removed legislative checks-and-balances over the executive branch. If the Queen was proposing minor reforms, then her Constitution of 1893 wouldn't raise any eyebrows. But it wasn't minor. She was upset about the 1887 Constitution just like the westerners were upset about the 1864 Constitution. Queen Lili'uokalani was attempting a major power grab. And, no, the Legislature wasn't ready to pass the new constitution. The Revolution of 1887 had caused a significant power shift. Queen Lili'uokalani kept her plan secret, within her inner circle. She planned on proclaiming (surprise!!!🎉) a new constitution... and she ordered the military to put down any rebellion (that's a power play... and a bit tyrannical). That's a premidated crime. Unfortunately, someone leaked her plan. And the rest is history. Lili'uokalani instigated her own overthrow. Her plan was illegal. Sure, many kanaka would've approved of her power grab and many westerners opposed it. Nevertheless, she overstepped her constitutional powers and suffered the consequences. She's a victim of her own arrogance. Politically, the Apology Resolution was intended to help pave the way for federal tribal recognition of the Native Hawaiian people, just like the Native Americans. Legally, it had no effect on any settlement against the United States and didn't alter or modify the purity of land title own by the State of Hawaii. The Apology Bill doesn't support the hawaiian independence activists desire for secession and sovereignty. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the resolution was written with conciliatory and precatory language, not legal language that confers rights or acts as legislation. The Apology Resolution was an opinion statement, not a legal one. If you want federal recognition of the kanaka (similar to the Akaka Bill), then the Apology Bill is an olive branch that can be used to start that process. The Apology Bill doesn't legally support the hawaiian independence movement. The U.S. President, Congress and Military never enacted (or admitted) a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Government. The Apology Bill apoligized for the role that some U.S. citzens and expatriates played in the hawaiian revolution that overthrew the monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by a bloodless and peaceful coup of wealthy and powerful haole, who were denizens, citizens and royal subjects, of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The Morgan Report refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing since they didn't participate in the overthrow, support the hawaiian insurgents in any way and didn't act aggressively or violently against the monarchy. The Morgan Report was 1,176 pages of public interviews on all sides, with cross-examination and under oath (which the Blount Report did not do). The Apology Resolution is just a 5 page opinion statement full of 'whereas' clauses. It doesn't even remotely come close to refuting the Morgan Report.
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  1192.  @richegarcia4531  You need to do better research.😂😂😂
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  1193.  @richegarcia4531  President Cleveland asked Congress to investigate alleged U.S. involvement in the Revolution of 1893. The Senate Committee on Foreign Relations released the Morgan Report, which exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing. Cleveland withdrew all his support to reinstate the former queen, reestablished diplomatic relations with the Republic of Hawaii and negotiated treaties with them. Research!!!😂
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  1194.  @richegarcia4531  Queen Lili'uokalani planned to replace the existing constitution with her own was illegal and unconstitutional from the perspective of the Hawaiian Kingdom Constitution. She instigated her own overthrow. Everyone didn't know about Queen Lili'uokalani's plan to unilaterally create and impose a new constitution. Her plan was a secret. She informed her guards and marshall of her plan, commanded them to prepare to quell any riots or rebellion, and swore them to secrecy. Queen Lili'uokalani: Early in January I mentioned to Captain Nowlein of the household guards, and Mr. Wilson the marshall, my intentions to promulgate a new constitution, and to  prepare themselves to quell any riot or outbreak from the opposition. They assured me they would be ready; and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy... The Queen wrote this in her formal, written testimony to Commission Blount and included a copy of her testimony in her book, Hawaii's History. There were many reasons why the rebels overthrew the monarchy. The Hawaiian Kingdom had experienced a great deal of social, economic and political unrest. There was a lot of political fighting. The Treaty of Reciprocity 1875 made plantation owners and the Hawaiian Kingdom both a lot of money. In 1874, Hawai'i generated $1.8M in exports. By 1890, it was $13.3M (an increase of over 700%). Then it went downhill. The U.S. Tariff Act of 1890 caused an economic depression in Hawai'i. The Kalākaua reign was considered corrupt and fiscally irresponsible. He had a new palace built. 'Iolani Palace was originally budgeted for $50K, but it ballooned to almost $350K (because the King wanted more opulence). In 1883, his coronation ceremony exceeded $50K. In 1886, his birthday jubilee was $75K. Kalākaua was a royal playboy who burned through money. Kalākaua was accused of taking large bribes for opium trade licences. Politically, he tried to create a Polynesian Confederacy and even make Hawai'i a Japanese Protectorate. This was all very controversial. The Hawaiian League intimidated Kalākaua and forced him to accept a new constitution. Then Queen Lili'uokalani made her attempt at a power grab to claw back power for the monarchy. And then she was overthrown in a counter-revolution. There's a lot of Hawaiian history to talk about and I barely scratched the surface. In short, the Hawaiian Kingdom was torn apart by many forces (not just sugar).
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  1195.  @richegarcia4531  Cousin, you haven't studied hawaiian history. If you didn't know about Kamehameha V's overthrow in 1864, the Hawaiian League's ovethrow in 1887 and Lili'uokalani's failed attempted overthrow in 1893, then you don't understand the full historical context and actual events. 'Olelo and mo'olelo can both mean history. (Sorry, I don't know how to make the accent on my 'O' - lol). 'Olelo can mean tongue, word or language and mo'o means succession. Mo'olelo means story, but it can also mean history - a succession of words, or a succession of stories (i.e. history). Kanaka love to talk 'story', which can be chit chat, gossip or news. So there's lots of different interpretations and usages.
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  1196.  @richegarcia4531  Queen Lili'uokalani instigated her own overthrow because she attempted to force a new constitution - her constitution - without working with the legislature or using the ammendment process. Kamehameha V was the first to overthrow the government in 1864 when he abrogated the 1852 constitution and illegally and unconstitutionally imposed his OWN 1864 Constitution. Queen Lili'uokalani tried to rip a page from his playbook to regain the power that King Kalākaua had lost during the Revolution of 1887. Long story short, Queen Lili'uokalani tried to make a coup to strengthen her monarchy, but it backfired badly when her political opponents found out about her plan and beat her to the punch.
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  1197.  @richegarcia4531  Hawaiian denizens, citizens and royal subjects overthrew the monarchy, not the United States.
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  1198.  @richegarcia4531  Kamehameha V's overthrow was peaceful. People didn't fight back. Lol. Did he have the constitutional power to abrogate the 1852 Constitution and just unilaterally create his OWN??? Nope. He changed the government on his own without any legal mechanism. Changed the government. Overthrew (peacefully) the government. That's obvious.
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  1199.  @richegarcia4531  The Hawaiian League and the Honolulu Rifles were still denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Kingdom. Many were kama'āina. Are you trying to say that they weren't subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom because they were 'white', hapa, descendants of missionaries, or also were U.S. nationals??? The political opponents of Kalākaua and Lili'uokalani's were Hawaiian Kingdom subjects, not the United States of America. Furthermore, did you think the kupuna built the Kingdom by themselves? Nope. Kamehameha couldn't conquer all the islands without western help (weapons, supplies, tactics, training, counsel and even some combat support). Hawaiian Kings intentionally blended western systems (education, religious, economic, political and military) with native hawaiian traditions. The kanaka and haole built the country together. We didn't just wake-up to a western style country. Lol. Everyone likes to pretend that the Hawaiian League, Committee of Safety and haole (in general) weren't 'hawaiian', but, from a national perspective, they were. The country wouldn't exist without them. As a result, many of our internal conflicts were mostly a 'hawaiian' problem. The Big Bad U.S.ofA didn't just march across the ocean and 'steal' us. There was a lot of infighting and problems. In 1851, during the French Crisis, Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli) even requested annexation by the United States, but (ironically) Secretary of State Daniel Webster declined. We had lots of problems. Internal (domestic) problems and external (international) problems. Of course I mean Lot Kapuāiwa. Is there any other Kamehameha V in the dynasty? Lol Did Kamehameha V overthrow the 1852 constitution and, effectively, change the government? Yes, he didn't use the constitutional ammendment process to change it. He just made it happen. And he strengthened the executive branch (the King). That's a power grab. It was illegal and unconstitutional. It was a big controversy, but no one was willing to fight a war over it. They just accepted it. Peaceful. Did the Hawaiian League overthrow the government? Yes, but Kalākaua didn't have a bayonet or gun to his throat. Lol. That's a fairy tale. His reign was full of corruption and controversy. The Hawaiian League intimidated him and threatened to overthrow him. Kālakaua didn't want to fight them, couldn't get help from his allies and he folded. The Hawaiian League stripped the monarchy of a lot of power. The pendulum swings. The new constitution was also illegal. Did Queen Lili'uokalani attempt to overthrow the government? Yes. First she tried to ammend the constitution, but she was blocked. So she wanted to just declare a new constitution. Magic. Poof! New constitution. Of course that's illegal and unconstitutional and she pissed (the wrong) people off. Then we get the Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles. Did the U.S. soldiers actively overthrow the monarchy? No, they didn't surround any buildings, raid any offices, patrol any streets or engage in any fire fights. They did nothing but chill in their barracks. They were given commands of neutrality to protect American lives and property. The Blount Report and Morgan Report both agreed that the soldiers took no physical action. Did Minister Stevens provide political support to the insurgents? Yes, he told the rebels that he'd recognize their provisional government if they overthew the queen. The U.S. Minister may have politically backed the coup, but the U.S. soldiers didn't actively help with the revolution. Huge difference. If the U.S. soldiers fought with the rebels, then you would have real dirty business. But that didn't happen. Queen Lili'uokalani thought she could just declare a new constitution and people would complain, maybe there'd be some riots and she could suppress them with her local forces. Well, she didn't expect 1,100 - 1,600 armed militiamen (her royal subjects) to come and surround and take her government. The royalists were ready to fight, but she got cold feet and surrendered. Now, how exactly did the U.S. steal Hawai'i?
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  1200.  @richegarcia4531  The Committee of Safety consisted of 6 Hawaiian subjects, 5 American citizens, 1 German subject, and 1 British subject. So, no, they weren't mostly American. Take care!😁
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  1201.  @richegarcia4531  Kanaka didn't build the Hawaiian Kingdom with the help of magical menehune. And the United States didn't steal Hawai'i. So your argument is based entirely on race. Okaaaay. Lol😄✌
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  1202. Hawai'i is nothing like Palestine. Lol. The U.S. didn't 'steal' or 'conquer' Hawai'i.
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  1203. By 1893, demographically, the Hawaiian population was roughly 1/3rd kanaka, westerner and asian. Kamehameha would never have been able to conquer all the island chiefdoms without great western help (weapons, supplies, tactics, counsel, training and combat support). Hawaiian Kings intentionally blended western systems (education, religious, economic, political and military) with native hawaiian traditions. Queen Lili'uokalani was overthrown by the Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles (1,100 - 1,600 militiamen), who were all denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian King. Queen Lili'uokalani attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab, which instigated her own overthrow. She was later charged for treason and placed under house arrest in Palace 'Iolani for concealing weapons on palace grounds during the Wilcox counter-revolution of 1895. Do you think she could conspire to overthrow the government TWICE and not face any consequences? Lol
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  1204. Did the Tahitians respect the Marquesians? The Marquesians were the first aboriginal colonizers of the Hawaiian archipelago. THEN the Tahitians showed up a few hundred years later to take control of all the islands, create a feudal caste system, impose a new religion, enforce harsh kapu religious law and oppress the maka'āinana for centuries. Did the other chiefdoms like it when Kamehameha killed them and stole all their āina, mana and wealth? Did the British like it when the American colonists seceded from the Empire? No, the British considered them as traitors, secessionist and terrorists just like Queen Lili'uokalani considered the Committee of Safety and insurgents. Ironically, Queen Lili'uokalani was also a traitor because she took an oath to uphold, protect and defend the constitution. Instead of trying to solve problems with political solutions, she tried to take a shortcut with armed revolution and a power play that backfired on her. Play stupid games, when stupid prizes. Lastly, what does it mean to 'respect' the people of the land? Does that mean we need to have preferential treatment? Perks? No can. Hawai'i is a multiethnic, multinational and multicultural society. We are all equal. No one ethnic group has more rights than another. If you grew up in Hawai'i, then you would know this. Everyone is Hawai'i (kanaka, westerners and asians) have been blended with the spirit of aloha. We're all ohana and kama'āina. There are only 4,000 - 8,000 kanaka with 💯 koko hawai'i. The rest, who claim to be 'Native Hawaiian' are really hapa. And that's okay. We're all human beings.
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  1205. Did she list how many lands Kamehameha stole? Lol
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  1206. Hawai'i doesn't belong to one religious, ethnic group. Everyone (whether polynesian, westerner, asian, etc) is welcome. Kamehameha couldn't conquer all the island chiefdoms without great help from westerners (weapons, supplies, counsel, training, tactics and combat support). Hawaiian Kings intentionally blended western systems (education, religion, economic, political and military) with native hawaiian traditions. The Hawaiian Kingdom was built by kanaka, westerners and asians, from start to finish. Kamehameha even invited haole into his royal family, granted them ali'i status, gave them governorships and so on. They're all kama'āina and ohana. The islands are blended with aloha, many generations deep. Real talk. The Marquesians migrated to Hawai'i first. They were the FIRST aboriginal settlers. Then the Tahitians showed up and took control of the islands. Power shift. After that, the chiefdoms fought amongst themselves stealing the land back and forth until... Kamehameha steamrolled all the chiefdoms with western weapons and help. It's called Hawai'i because the Big Island conquered all of the other islands to create the Kingdom of Hawai'i. Please spare me the "We had it first" argument. It doesn't matter who had it first, but who has it now. Hawai'i is part of the United States. We're not ruled by the mo'i, ali'i, konohiki or queen. We live in a diverse society with people from all over the world. If every defeated people pissed and moaned about the land they lost, then this world would be stuck in endless struggle, conflict and warfare. Do you think the Marquesians, Tahitians, Chiefdoms, Mo'i, and Monarchy were happy when they lost? Do you think the islands liked being conquered by Kamehameha? Now, he's a hero. Lol Oh, my dear, you want to talk about land? The Great Māhele of 1848 was the biggest land policy failure of Hawaiian Kingdom history. The king, ali'i and konohiki screwed over the maka'ainana and took all the āina for themselves. Only less than 1% of the maka'ainana got land, which was about 30,000 acres. The powerful kanaka monarchy and nobility class got 4 million acres. 1 million for the King, 1.5 million for the government and 1.5 million for the nobility. Even worse, the kanaka elitists mismanaged their finances and sold off a great deal of land to foreigners to repay debts. These land policies screwed over the common folk, the real hawaiians, the ones who actually managed and cultivated the ahupua'a for generations. The feudal lords of chiefdom days became the royal nobility of the Hawaiian Kingdom. And the exploitation didn't stop. The Great Māhele was a Great Crime of kanaka-on-kanaka fraud. The āina is life, mana, wealth, prosperity and happiness. The kanaka royalty and nobility classes stole all the land and screwed over the commoners, who had tended the ahupua'a for generations. They put native hawaiians behind the eight ball.
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  1207. Editing was great, information was misleading and deceptive. He doesn't care about history.
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  1208. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  1209.  @anelabenson  Auwe, have you done any research? After 128 years, there hasn't been a single United States or International Court decision that has declared that Hawai'i was 'occupied' or annexed 'illegally'. There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424?seq=1 ✔✔✔
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  1210. James Dole didn't migrate to Hawai'i to start his fruit business until 1899, which was one year after the annexation of 1898 and six years after the revolution of 1893.
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  1211.  @anshulkrishnadasbhagwat962  The United States didn't 'steal' Hawai'i. Lol. Queen Lili'uokalani tried an illegal and unconstitutional powergrab. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature, unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  1212.  @anshulkrishnadasbhagwat962  The U.S. didn't colonize Hawai'i. Let me make it easier for you to understand. Did Kamehameha conquer and unify the islands on his own? No, he needed great help from westerners (British and Americans). Did the United States or Great Britain declare or claim Hawai'i as a colony? No. Did kanaka, westerners and asians build the country together? Yes, every step of the way. Were the westerners and asians denizens, citizens and royal subjects of Hawai'i? Yes. Did the westerners and asians live, work, pay taxes and support the Hawaiian Kingdom? Yes, the haole had a long history with Hawai'i from 1778 through 1893. Was the Hawaiian Kingdom a multiethnic, multicultural and multinational society? Yes. Did the Hawaiian Kingdom requested protectorate status or annexation from other countries? Yes. King Kamehameha wanted to make Hawai'i a British protectorate. King Kamehameha III requested annexation by the United States. King Kalākaua wanted to become a Japanese protectorate. Did the United States 'steal' Hawai'i? No, the U.S. declined an annexation request in 1851 and 1893. The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation in 1898 (five years after the monarchy's overthrow) and the U.S. accepted. If the U.S. were greedy, landgrabbing colonialists, then why didn't they grab Hawai'i sooner? They weren't. Did the United States overthrow the Monarchy? No, the Morgan Report exonerated the U.S. soldiers and agents of any involvement in the Revolution of 1893. I suggest you look at the Committee of Safety and the Honolulu Rifles. There were 1,100 - 1,600 angry hawaiians who overthrew Queen Lili'uokalani after she attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. Some Hawaiians wanted to maintain the monarchy, some wanted a republic and some wanted annexation. Was Hawai'i an American colony? No, it was a country that got annexed by the U.S. after the Revolution of 1893 led to the creation of a provisional government and later the Republic of Hawaii. The rebels had control of the government and requested annexation. Did some colonists object to secession from the British Empire? Yes. Did some Texans object to annexation? Yes. Did some Californians object annexation? Yes. Did some kanaka object to Kamehameha's conquest of Hawai'i? Yes. Does it matter? No, the government decides what happens with the territory. There's no requirement for public referendum or plebiscite. Did 93% of Hawaiian voters choose statehood? Yes. Did the hawaiians receive all the same rights as Americans? Yes. The Organic Act of 1900 gave Hawaiians U.S. citizenship and the Statehood Act of 1959 gave them representation in Congress and the right to vote in federal elections. See, it's not a colony ;)
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  1213.  @akramsocisse4872  The U.S. didn't invade or conquer Hawai'i. Lol. Queen Lili'uokalani, her royalists, the rebels and the American soldiers all testified that the U.S. soldiers didn't actively participate in the Revolution of 1893. The Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles overthrew the Queen after she attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab.
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  1214. Big ups to you, for sharing your culture with your class and friends.😁👍 Real talk. Have you studied hawaiian history? Do you think the U.S. stole Hawai'i?
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  1215.  @ralphiemcdingus2075  Japan started their military build-up and imperialistic phase in the late 1800s. Imperial Japan was thoroughly defeated in WWII. There's no good reason why Japan wouldn't want to possess Hawai'i.
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  1216.  @noticemesenpai69  Check out the following paper "From “Vanishing Race” to Friendly Ally: Japanese American Perceptions of Native Hawaiians during the Interwar Years" (The Japanese Journal of American Studies, No. 23 (2012), Hiromi Monobe)
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  1217.  @noticemesenpai69  It covers the perspective of both Japanese and Japanese Americans towards Native Hawaiians. Also, Japanese Americans still had a very strong connection to Japan. For example, during the Pearl Harbor attack, Japanese Americans helped a Japanese pilot that crashed landed in Ni'ihau (and that was in 1941). Many Japanese had migrated to the Hawaiian Kingdom under the penal contract labor system (so they had very strong ties to their homeland, especially as immigrants). Some Native Hawaiians didn't like the Japanese and saw them as haole who didn't belong AND they didn't want more competition from foreign groups. The Japanese elites didn't look very favorably towards Native Hawaiians and they believed that their success was mostly due to westerners. During that time period, Japan was undergoing great modernization and wanted to emulate western countries.
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  1218.  @noticemesenpai69  I never said that ALL Japanese hated Native Hawaiians. I clearly stated that Japanese elites looked down on Native Hawaiians and, in the late 1800s, Japan was entering it's modernization and imperialism phase (which probably wouldn't have boded well for the Hawaiian Kingdom). Japan didn't have a history of treating people very well during WWII. Did you think Japan liked the asian penal contract system? Early on, there was some animosity/tension between Japanese immigrant workers and native hawaiians. I agree that many Japanese-Americans served during WWII. However, that was after 43 years of Hawaii's incorporation, assimilation and Americanization. The Japanese were happy when the Organic Act of 1900 ended the penal contract labor system. Despite all this, there were still some Japanese-Americans who sympathized with and helped the Japanese pilot during the Ni'ihau incident (which was scary at the time). During World War II, the U.S. flooded Hawai'i with military personnel to 1) support the war effort in the Pacific Theater and 2) to minimize the chance of any successful rebellion (since Japanese-Americans represented the majority of residents). If some Japanese-Americans sympathized with Japan, then, naturally, MORE people would've sided with Japan in 1893 (if the Hawaiian Kingdom still existed). The Japanese hated the penal contract labor system, which was very similar to slavery.
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  1219.  @noticemesenpai69  Wut? I clearly stated that Japan didn't have a favorable view of Native Hawaiians, many Japanese immigrants disliked the penal contract labor system, Japan had a horrible track record with treating people during WWII and there were still some Japanese-Americans who sympathized and wanted to help Japan. The U.S.even bolstered it's defenses to prevent any potential rebellion, sabotage, etc within Hawai'i. Are you trying to trash talk me? Lol. The United States didn't kill Queen Lili'uokalani. She was released from house arrest, received a nice pension, retired to her personal estate, wrote songs and books and died an old age. The U.S. didn't kill her. Lol
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  1220. Did the missionaries practice gorilla warfare? Did they set roadside explosives? Or execute heretics who disobeyed their relgious law? Nope. Please don't misuse the word "terrorist".
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  1221. Many U.S. politicians and businesses opposed Hawaiian annexation because of competition with American intetests. The U.S. already had significant sugar production from Louisiana, Texas and Cuba. The British and American traders already worked with Native Hawaiians for 30 years before any missionaries arrived to Hawai'i. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old, ancestral religion, commanded all heiau to be destroyed and terminated the harsh, oppressive kapu religious law six months before the arrival of missionaries. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  1222. Politically, the Apology Resolution was intended to help pave the way for federal tribal recognition of the Native Hawaiian people, just like the Native Americans. Legally, it had no effect on any settlement against the United States and didn't alter or modify the purity of land title own by the State of Hawaii. The Apology Bill doesn't support the hawaiian independence activists desire for secession and sovereignty. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the resolution was written with conciliatory and precatory language, not legal language that confers rights or acts as legislation. The Apology Resolution was an opinion statement, not a legal one. If you want federal recognition of the kanaka (similar to the Akaka Bill), then the Apology Bill is an olive branch that can be used to start that process. The Apology Bill doesn't legally support the hawaiian independence movement. The U.S. President, Congress and Military never enacted (or admitted) a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Government. The Apology Bill apoligized for the role that some U.S. citzens and expatriates played in the hawaiian revolution that overthrew the monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by a bloodless and peaceful coup of wealthy and powerful haole, who were denizens, citizens and royal subjects, of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The Morgan Report refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing since they didn't participate in the overthrow, support the hawaiian insurgents in any way and didn't act aggressively or violently against the monarchy. The Morgan Report was 1,176 pages of public interviews on all sides, with cross-examination and under oath (which the Blount Report did not do). The Apology Resolution is just a 5 page opinion statement full of 'whereas' clauses. It doesn't even remotely come close to refuting the Morgan Report.
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  1223.  @truthseeker4280  The kanaka, westerners and asians were all denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom. They were all kama'āina who lived, had families, worked, paid taxes and built the Hawaiian Kingdom from start to finish. The 'Americans' didn't suddenly show up and overthrow the Queen. The Queen tried an unconstitutional and illegal power grab. She instigated her own overthrow. Her own subjects led a counter-revolution to depose her, end the monarchy and establish a republic. The concept of protectorates and annexation was nothing new for the Hawaiian Kingdom. It tried to obtain protectorate status from Great Britain, the United States and Japan. In 1851, during the French Crisis, King Kamehameha III secretly requested annexation by the United States, but (ironically) U.S. Secretary of State Webster declined. The Hawaiian Kingdom recognized that it needed a strong Big Brother to protect it. Even President Cleveland referred to it as a 'feeble' country. Most people don't know mo'olelo hawai'i. This youtube vid is full of many historical inaccuracies, half-truths and propaganda.
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  1224.  @MrShirial  Brah, you need to learn more mo'olelo hawai'i 1. What are you rambling about? Lol 2. Queen Lili'uokalani attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. She wanted to have a revolution and use her royal forces to defend her arrogant, dumb power grab. Play stupid games, win stupid prizes. She instigated her own overthrow. Did you think her political opponents were just going to sit back, say nothing and let her just overthrow the government like Kamehameha V did in 1864? She took a major gamble, got cold feet and surrendered in ONE DAY. Aloha 'Oe. It is what it is. 3. Queen Lili'uokalani, the royalists, the rebels and the American soldiers all agreed in their testimony that the U.S. soldiers did not actively participate in the Revolution of 1893. They just chilled in their barracks and did nothing. Queen Lili'uokalani was more worried about the 1,100 - 1,600 angry, armed Honolulu Rifles (denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom) who were patrolling the streets, surrounding government buildings, raiding offices and trying to overthrow her. Duh! The insurgents had full control of the government apparatus. Queen Liliuokalani abdicated the throne and released a statement pledging her loyalty to the Provisional Government. Check out her abdication letter and oath pledge. In 1894, the Provisional Government became the Republic of Hawaii. President Cleveland was good friends with Queen Lili'uokalani and he tried to mediate a solution to reinstate her to the throne. The Americans, British and Japanese sent warships to visibly prepare for an invasion of Hawai'i, but the rebels wouldn't yield to their intimidation tactics. They politely told Cleveland to pound sand. President Cleveland asked Congress to investigate the alleged U.S. involvement in the Revolution of 1893. The Senate Committee on Foreign Relations released the Morgan Report, which exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing. Cleveland then withdrew his support to reinstate the deposed queen, re-established diplomatic relations with the Republic of Hawaii and negotiated treaties with them. In 1895, Robert Wilcox and the royalists led a counter-revolution and they were defeated. The new government defended itself and cemented its power over the country. In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation by the U.S. and the U.S. accepted. The Republic of Hawaii unanimously approved the annexation and the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives both approved with a two thirds majority. All of the Hawaiian Kingdom's allies and treaty holders (all 19 of them!) provide de facto and written formal recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Territory of Hawaii. The international community legitimized the annexation. The annexation was legal. Deal With It.
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  1225. @MCD4r7hFur10u5 Yup, I definitely agree.
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  1226.  @Unknown-ht5re  Read the thread. Lol
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  1227.  Eagle  Please stay on topic. We're talking about Hawai'i. The U.S. could've granted Hawai'i protectorate status in 1851 (as requested by King Kamehameha III) and it was negotiating annexation in 1854 (but Kamehameha III died before the deal was completed). Every civilization expands, not just the British. The Polynesians expanded across all of Oceana. The Marquesians were the first aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i... until the Tahitians supplanted them and took over the islands. Kamehameha conquered almost all the other hawaiian islands. Then he threatened and intimidated Kauai and Ni'ihau into submission where he ruled via proxy. Later, the Hawaiian Kingdom claimed/annexed many other Pacific islands: - Nihoa - Pearl and Hermes Atoll - Necker Island - Laysan - Lisianski Island - Ocean Atoll - Midway Atoll - French Frigate Shoals - Maro Reef - Gardner Pinnacles - Palmyra Atoll - Johnston Atoll - Jarvis Island - Stewart Islands And King Kalākaua tried to build a Polynesian Confederation with many other islands (such as Samoa). I guess they ALL were very 'British', too. Expansionism isn't a uniquely 'British' trait. Nobody can explain HOW the U.S. actually 'stole' Hawai'i.
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  1228.  @LargestLuke  Thanks :)
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  1229.  @vickiwells7956  The history of U.S. and Hawai'i is not the same as Great Britain and New Zealand. There are big differences between the Hawaiian and Maori experience with haole. The Hawaiian Kingdom was built by kanaka, westerners and asians, and it was it's own country. What makes you think that they're the same?
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  1230.  @rebeccaanderson5626  Kamehameha V overthrew the government in 1864. He prorogated the legislature, abrogated the 1852 Constitution, unilaterally created his own constitution and strengthened his autocratic powers (removed checks and balances, weakened power sharing and strengthened the king to be more like an absolute monarch), which was unconstitutional and illegal. Sound familiar? Queen Lili'uokalani tried to do the same thing. First, she tried to ammend the existing 1887 Constitution, but she repeatedly failed. Her supporters wanted her to do the same as Kamehameha V and just 'proclaim' a new constitution. She drafted the Constitution of 1893, but her Ministers wouldn't sign it because it was illegal and would cause civil unrest (i.e. riots and/or rebellion). Some of her ministers informed her political opponents about her scheme... and the rest is history. The Queen never submitted her Constitution for approval by the Legislature. She just wanted to proclaim the old one was dead and HER new one was the new law of the land, which was very illegal. It was a reckless power grab that cost her the throne. King Kalākaua wasn't physically forced to sign the 1887 Constitution. His political enemies threatened to overthrow him if he didn't make political concessions. His political opponents didn't storm Palace 'Iolani and force him to sign a new constitution. Kalākaua had a weak government. He couldn't defend against their intimidation tactics. Instead of directly dealing with his problem via political negotiation/compromise, police response or military action, he asked his international allies (United States, Great Britain, France, Japan, and Portugal) to help him, but they advised that he agree to the terms set by the Hawaiian League. He capitulated. No one physically put a gun to his head or bayonet to his throat. He conceded in order to save his throne. He didn't assert his authority and defend his government. Kalākaua was already a timid ruler and acted like a figurehead before the Revolution of 1887 even happened. Historically, there have been many civil/uncivil protests/riots/rebellions/revolutions that have changed politics, policy and government. The Right to Revolution goes all the way back to John Locke and even earlier. By its nature, every revolution is 'illegal' from the perspective of the side who lost. The Queen and Hui Kālaiʻāina opposed the 1887 Constitution. They wanted to amend it and regain power. They organized a petition for a new constitution. Lili'uokalani claimed that "out of a possible 9500 registered voters, 6500, or two-thirds, had signed these petitions" and she couldn't ignore their request and be "deaf to the voice of the people, which tradition tells us is the voice of God." Unfortunately, the petitions have been lost to history, only a small, incomplete part remains. Queen Lili'uokalani repeatedly tried to ammend the 1887 Constitution, but all her efforts failed. So she tried a very risky and illegal move. She wanted to abrogate the existing constitution, prorogate the legislature, unilaterally make her own, promulgate it via (magical) royal proclamation and defend her revolution with the military. This was very illegal and unconstitutional. And it backfired on her - very badly. She instigated her own overthrow. She used the 'will of the people' as a pretense for a power grab.
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  1231.  @TheSolarWolf  Brah, your whole argument can be summarized as "Nuh uh". All of those points flew so far over your head that you would need an astronaut suit just to catch up. The Hawaiian Kingdom wasn't a monolithic culture. It was a pluralistic society consisting of native hawaiians, westerners and asians. That matters greatly. Did you actually think one ethnic group had magical superiority over all others? Does your country have one magical ethnic group that's superior to all others? Nope. Now, I could dismantle every one of your 'Nuh Uh' rebuttals, but you would just continue to say 'Nuh Uh'. The Hawaiian Kingdom failed due to many social, economic and political reasons. The Monarchy was overthrown by a successful Revolution. Someone is always overthrown in a successful Revolution. Queen Lili'uokalani attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab that backfired in her face. Nobody forced her to try to overthrow the existing government. She gave her political enemies all the rope they needed to hang her... and she got hung out to dry. She admitted in formal written testimony to Commissioner Blount and admitted again in her own book, Hawaii's Story, that she tried to abrogate the existing constitution, prorogue the legislature, unilaterally create her own constitution, strengthen her autocratic powers and defend her revolution with military force... but she got cold feet. The Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles rolled her like a coconut downhill and into the ocean. Furthermore, the Queen, her royalists, the rebels and American soldiers all testified that the U.S. soldiers played no active part in the Revolution of 1893. The United States, Great Britain and Japan even sent warships to Hawai'i to visibly prepare for an invasion to reinstate the Queen, but the insurgents called their bluff and would'nt yield. Cleveland demanded that the rebels reinstate the former queen, but President Dole told the U.S. to pound sand. Johnny Harris didn't cover any of this history because it deflates his lazy narrative. This video painstakingly revealed that it's historical 'research' is bottom tier and more focused on propaganda than genuine historical analysis.
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  1232.  @rebeccaanderson5626  Did you actually ignore Kamehameha V's overthrow of the 1852 Constitution in 1864? He even introduced the first income, property and literacy tests that disenfranchised voters and ended universal suffrage. That was before the Revolution of 1887. Kamehameha V's actions were illegal (1864), just like the Hawaiian League's actions were illegal (1887), just like the Committee of Safety's actions were illegal (1893). By definition, all revolutions are illegal (obviously). Queen Lili'uokalani didn't amend or reform the Constitution via legal methods. She tried to lead a revolution and she failed miserably. She tried to make the same political power grab as Kamehameha V did in 1864, but, this time, people opposed her. She created a political crisis and it didn't end well for her. King Kalākaua peacefully yielded to the Hawaiian League's demands. No fighting, no resistance, no civil war. He surrendered without a fight. There are no accounts of the Hawaiian League putting a gun or knife to his throat or physically and violently overthrowing his government. He actually kept his job ;) Politically, the Apology Resolution was intended to help pave the way for federal tribal recognition of the Native Hawaiian people, just like the Native Americans. Legally, it had no effect on any settlement against the United States and didn't alter or modify the purity of land title own by the State of Hawaii. The Apology Bill doesn't support the hawaiian independence activists desire for secession and sovereignty. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the resolution was written with conciliatory and precatory language, not legal language that confers rights or acts as legislation. The Apology Resolution was an opinion statement, not a legal one. If they want federal recognition of the kanaka (similar to the Akaka Bill), then the Apology Bill is an olive branch that can be used to start that process. The Apology Bill doesn't legally support the hawaiian independence movement. The U.S. President, Congress and Military never enacted (or admitted) a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Government. The Apology Bill apoligized for the alleged role that some U.S. citzens and expatriates played in the hawaiian revolution that overthrew the monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by a bloodless and peaceful coup of wealthy and powerful haole, who were naturalized citizens and royal subjects, of the Hawaiian Kingdom.The Morgan Report was 1,176 pages of public interviews on all sides, with cross-examination and under oath (which the Blount Report did not do). The Apology Resolution is just a 5 page opinion statement full of 'whereas' clauses. It doesn't even remotely come close to refuting the Morgan Report, which is still the last word and final government report on the matter.
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  1233.  @rebeccaanderson5626  Auwe, Rebecca, are you actually going to try and copy-and-paste Dr. Sai's weak arguments and Hawaiian Kingdom website propaganda? No can. Lol. The Morgan Report refuted the conclusions of the Blount Report and it's the official, final word on the matter. It's considered to be the more thorough and objective report because witness interviews happened in public under sworn oath and with cross examination and he interviewed participants from all sides, which had not happened in the Blount investigation. Many people criticized the integrity of Blount's investigation. Commissioner Blount was the only person who investigated and wrote the Blount Report. President Cleveland secretely appointed one (1) person to act on his behalf, delegated him a high level of authority and power, didn't receive Senate confirmation and he didn't even notify the Senate of his appointment. Cleveland gave one man paramount power and secret instructions to investigate the revolution and provisional government. And how did Blount conduct his investigation? He had private and informal conversations with royalists and annexationists. However, he only requested that royalists meet with him to give formal statements, which weren't under oath, and they were recorded by a stenographer to be later memorialized in the Blount Report. After only ONE WEEK in office, President Cleveland empowered ONE MAN to secretly conduct an investigation that was lopsided and lacked integrity. Cleveland was trying to reinstate his friend Lili'uokalani as soon as possible. Blount falsely claimed that the United States military and agents overthrew the government. Cleveland declared that the revolution was improper due to alleged U.S. involvement. He asked Congress to quickly investigate the matter and resolve the issue, i.e. reinstate Lili'uokalani (former Queen) to her throne. The Senate Committee of Foreign Relations then commissioned an investigation, which led to the Morgan Report, the repudiation of the Blount Report and the exoneration of the U.S. military and agents. The U.S. President (Cleveland) was a Democrat and the Democrats had majority control of the Senate. The Senate Committee on Foreign Relations consisted of nine (9) members - five (5) Democrats and four (4) Republicans. The Blount Report involved one person while the Morgan Report involved a Committee of nine, non-partisan committee members of the Senate. The Committee on Foreign Relations required that 1) witnesses from both sides (royalist and annexationist) undergo formal interview, 2) interviews occurred in open, public hearings, 3) witnesses were sworn under oath to tell the truth and 4) witnesses could be cross-examined. In contrast, Blount held formal interviews with only royalists, held secret, private meetings, didn't require testimony under oath and there was no cross-examination. The Morgan Report repudiated the Blount Report and exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing. The Senate Committee on Foreign Relations conducted a more objective, non-biased, transparent and procedural investigation than Blount. Even the dissenting monority opinion agreed that U.S. soldiers remained neutral during the overthrow. The Morgan Report is still, to this day, the official, last word and final government report on U.S. military involvement in the Hawaiian overthrow. President Cleveland accepted the conclusions of the Morgan Report, withdrew his support for the reinstatement of Liliuokalani, engaged in diplomatic relations with the Provisional Government, provided formal recognition of the Republic of Hawaii and established diplomatic ties and treaties with the new country. All of the Hawaiian Kingdom's allies (all nineteen!) and treaty partners provided de facto and formal recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Territory of Hawaii. The international community legitimized every step of Hawaii's transition from Hawaiian Kingdom, to Provisional Government, to Republic of Hawaii and to Territory of the United States. Dr. David Keanu Sai is pushin' cheap history like one janitor with a dusty broom. He hasn't proven that the annexation was unlawful. If you're gonna step to me, then you better come correct, titah.😉 Even Queen Lili'uokalani and her royalists testified to Commissioner Blount that the American soldiers didn't actively participate in the Revolution of 1893.
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  1234.  @rebeccaanderson5626  Accepting defeat? Lol😂 Unfortunately, Rebecca, you're wrong again. Do you even know Hawaiian History? It doesn't look like it. - I already thoroughly explained how and why the Morgan Report is the final last word on the matter and how it refuted the Blount Report. You're just in denial. President Cleveland tried to mediate a solution to reinstate the former queen. After the Morgan Report was released, Cleveland withdrew all his support, re-established diplomatic relations with the Republic of Hawaii and negotiated treaties with them. The Apology Resolution (U.S. Public Law 103-150, 107 Stat. 1510) is only a five page opinion statement full of whereas clauses that does nothing to refute the Morgan Report. Were you impressed by five pages of opinion statement and whereas clauses? Lol. The Morgan Report was led by the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. It was a large-scale, methodical investigation and a ONE THOUSAND, ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY SIX page report while the Apology Resolution was an anemic FIVE PAGE opinion statement. Lol - Military support? Queen Lili'uokalani and the royalists testified that the American soldiers didn't play any active role in the Revolution of 1893. The U.S. soldiers didn't surround any buildings, patrol any streets, raid any offices, engage in any combat or provide any material support to the rebels. The U.S. didn't fight any wars or battles with the Hawaiian Kingdom. The U.S. soldiers marches past 'Iolani Palace, saluted the Queen, lowered their flags as a sign of international neutrality and retired to their barracks... to do absolutely nothing. There's nothing in the historical records to show ANY American aggression in Hawai'i. There were only 162 U.S. marines and sailors (Sailors! Lol), which is nothing, especially when compared to the 1,100 - 1,600 Honolulu Rifles who raided the local armory, surrounded government buildings, sacked the offices and actually overthrew the monarchy. You desperately want to blame U.S. soldiers, but you're struggling to find any real evidence of American 'aggression'. The Honolulu Rifles militia force was much larger than the small American landing force. Did you actually think the U.S. invaded Hawai'i? If you want a REAL U.S. invasion and war, then take a look at Haiti in 1915 - 1934. That was a REAL military occupation, not an imaginary like Dr. Sai's. - Military support? Queen Lili'uokalani and the royalists testified that the American soldiers didn't play any active role in the Revolution of 1893. The U.S. soldiers didn't surround any buildings, patrol any streets, raid any offices, engage in any combat or provide any material support to the rebels. The U.S. didn't fight any wars or battles with the Hawaiian Kingdom. The U.S. soldiers marches past 'Iolani Palace, saluted the Queen, lowered their flags as a sign of international neutrality and retired to their barracks... to do absolutely nothing. There's nothing in the historical records to show ANY American aggression in Hawai'i. There were only 162 U.S. marines and sailors (Sailors! Lol), which is nothing, especially when compared to the 1,100 - 1,600 Honolulu Rifles who raided the local armory, surrounded government buildings, sacked the offices and actually overthrew the monarchy. You desperately want to blame U.S. soldiers, but you're struggling to find any real evidence of American 'aggression'. The Honolulu Rifles militia force was much larger than the small American landing force. Did you actually think the U.S. invaded Hawai'i? If you want a REAL U.S. invasion and war, then take a look at Haiti in 1915 - 1934. That was a REAL military occupation, not an imaginary like Dr. Sai's.
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  1235.  @rebeccaanderson5626  - Why would the United States send U.S. soldiers to Hawai'i? Thank you for asking!😄 The Hawaiian Kingdom was a weak country that consistently depended on the help of stronger, more powerful nations. Kamehameha would never have been able to conquer all the islands without British and American help. The Kingdom couldn't defend itself against the French Crisis, Russian incursion into Kauai, Captain Lord Paulet's annexation for Britain, Kalākua election riots, Revolution of 1864, Revolution of 1887, and Revolution of 1893. It always required help from foreign powers. Early on, Hawai'i wanted to become a British protectorate. In 1851, during the French Crisis, King Kamehameha III secretly requested annexation by the United States, but (ironically) the U.S. declined. King Kalākaua wanted to make Hawai'i a Japanese protectorate, but the Emperor declined. In 1893, the Provisional Government requested annexation, but the U.S. declined again. In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation by the U.S. (a third time by Hawaii!!!), but this time it accepted. And this was five years after the overthrow. This hardly looks like American aggression. Hawai'i was a feeble country that always needed the protection of a Big Brother. Even President Cleveland, great friend of Lili'uokalani, referred to Hawai'i as 'feeble'. After Queen Lili'uokalani attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab (with the threat of military force), her political opponents requested help from Minister Stevens. Minister Stevens told them that he could provide them political support, but he couldn't give them military support. He told them that the U.S. would recognize their government if they could take over the government. Guess what? The Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles easily overthrew the monarchy (without any U.S. military help). - Foreigners? The Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles were local Hawaiian residents who lived, raised families, paid taxes and built their lives in Hawai'i. The rebels who overthrew the monarchy were all denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The Hawaiian Kingdom was built by native hawaiians, westerners and asians, from start to finish. Did you think that only the native hawaiians built the Hawaiian Kingdom? Nope. Kamehameha couldn't conquer the islands and couldn't build the Hawaiian Kingdom without westerners and later asian help. Hawaiian Kings intentionally blended western systems (education, religious, economic, political and military) with polynesian traditions. How were they 'foreigners'? They weren't. They were ohana, kama'āina and helped build the country. Did you think one ethnic group was important and superior the rest of the country? Nope, that's racism. Demographically, by 1893, the Hawaiian Kingdom was one third kanaka, one third westerner and one third asian. It was a multiethnic, multinational and multicultural society. They weren't foreigners... more like countrymen. But, hey, if all see you see is skin color, then it's easy to stupidly see them as 'foreigners'. Lol
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  1236.  @rebeccaanderson5626  Lili'uokalani's Power Grab The Queen's draft of the 1893 Constitution had the following: - Members of the privy council, notary public, and agents would be able to run for the legislature. This was political double-dipping. For example, the Privy Council consisted of the King's cabinet ministers, who were politically aligned with the King. Queen Lili'uokalani wanted to allow her cabinet ministers to also be able to serve in the Legislature, which increases her political power. Also, it's fundamentally wrong to allow one person to serve in both the executive and legislative branches. - The Queen would be given the power to call meetings of the legislature. Queen Lili'uokalani tried to increase power for the sovereign (herself). - The Queen’s private lands and other property were made inviolable. The Kamehameha dynasty ended with Kamehameha V. Kalākaua and Lili'uokalani were no longer sovereigns with inviolable land and property. - The Queen would sign all bills before they became law. The 1887 constitution allowed the Legislature to repass bills with a two-thirds majority and overcome a sovereign's vetoe. Kalākua's reign was considered corrupt. The Legislative branch was given stronger, conditional approval authority. - Nobles would be appointed by the Queen instead of elected. Obviously, this gives more power to the sovereign because Lili'uokalani can appoint noblemen (instead of a more democratic election). The people would concede more power to the sovereign. - American and European residents, granted suffrage in 1887, would lose the right to vote. Voting rights would be taken away from a large demographic group. By 1893, the demographics of Hawai'i were roughly 1/3rd kanaka, 1/3rd westerners and 1/3rd asian. - The Queen would be able to appoint governors of each island for four years. More power for the sovereign. - Article 78 of the 1887 Constitution which required the monarch to perform "with the advice and consent of the Cabinet" was left out. This removed legislative checks-and-balances over the executive branch. If the Queen was proposing minor reforms, then her Constitution of 1893 wouldn't raise any eyebrows. But it wasn't minor. She was upset about the 1887 Constitution just like the westerners were upset about the 1864 Constitution. Queen Lili'uokalani was attempting a major power grab. And, no, the Legislature wasn't ready to pass the new constitution. The Revolution of 1887 had caused a significant power shift. Queen Lili'uokalani kept her plan secret, within her inner circle. She planned on proclaiming (surprise!!!🎉) a new constitution... and she ordered the military to put down any rebellion (that's a power play... and a bit tyrannical). That's a premidated crime. Unfortunately, someone leaked her plan. And the rest is history. Lili'uokalani instigated her own overthrow. Her plan was illegal. Sure, many kanaka would've approved of her power grab and many westerners opposed it. Nevertheless, she overstepped her constitutional powers and suffered the consequences. She's a victim of her own arrogance. - You can't even explain how the U.S. soldiers 'butressed' the rebellion. Did the U.S. soldiers surround any buildings, patrol any streets, raid any buildings, engage is combat or provide any material support to the rebels? Nope. Then how exactly, did the U.S. soldiers 'buttress' the rebellion? They didn't. Lol. By the way, mahalo for acknowledging that the Revolution of 1893 was a rebellion. The Queen attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab and she planned to use her military to defend her revolution and suppress any opposition. She instigated her own overthrow by her own countrymen who led a successful counter-revolution. - Did you actually think that 10 minute Weird History video proves that the United States 'destroyed' Hawaiian culture?🤭 That video was just as biased and poorly researched as this Johnny Harris video. No doubt, there will always be culture change and transformation when two civilizations meet and interact, especially when a primitive civilization encounters a more advanced one. That's very obvious. The Weird History video didn't talk about how, in 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old, ancestral religion, terminated the harsh kapu religious legal system, commanded all heiau to be destroyed and fought a war (against other kanaka) to defend and enforce his policy. It didn't talk about how the maka'āinana was oppressed by kapu for generations in an awful feudal caste system. It didn't talk about how the missionaries arrived SIX MONTHS AFTER the old religion was abolished or how the kanaka maoli hated kapu and ali'i abuses. Your silly video also didn't talk about how the Mo'i (Hawaiian Kings) intentionally enacted an education policy that transformed Native Hawaiian medium schools to English-only, immersion schools. Have you even read His Majesty's Speeches on education policy? Nope. The 'olelo Hawai'i wasn't banned. English became the main language for schools and government. However, kanaka were still free to speak the 'olelo at home, in private, with family and friends, in business and other public places. There are many reasons why the native hawaiian language dwindled and almost became extinct. Meanwhile, in Hawai'i, the Japanese migrant workers maintained their language and their culture because they actively sent their children to secondary education schools and kept their culture alive. The Hawaiian Kingdom enacted an education policy that transitioned rom Native Hawaiian medium schools to English-only immersion schools. Many people don't know about (or blatantly ignore) the English initiatives of the King and Legislature. In 1882, the Board of Education implemented a policy where all academic subjects were to be taught only in English and all other languages were discouraged (Kanaka, Japanese, Portuguese, Filipino, etc). They believed that total immersion would lead to quicker English language proficiency. Between 1834-1948, there were over 100 different Hawaiian language newspapers. Furthermore, some Hawaiian newspapers actively opposed the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and the Annexation. There wasn't a public-wide ban of the 'olelo. The 'olelo was not used for formal school instruction (based on Hawaiian Kingdom long-term policy trends), but the Hawaiian Language was still available as an elective course at the high school level. More importantly, the language wasn't 'banned' in private and other public spaces. If the ohana didn't pass on the 'olelo hawai'i to their keike, then that's on them. Culture and language always starts at home. The Japanese penal contract laborers endured truly harsh social, economic and political conditions and disadvantages. However, they were able to maintain their native language with community support and secondary language schools. Meanwhile, the kanaka voluntarily allowed their language to dwindle for various reasons (more advantageous and beneficial, Hawaiian Kingdom policy, perceived shame of speaking native tongue, embracing Western ideals, etc). There was no law that abolished the language. There are some who perpetuate a 'ban' as propaganda, but they don't have history to back them up.
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  1237.  @rebeccaanderson5626  There were many reasons why the rebels overthrew the monarchy. The Hawaiian Kingdom had experienced a great deal of social, economic and political unrest. There was a lot of political fighting. The Treaty of Reciprocity 1875 made plantation owners and the Hawaiian Kingdom both a lot of money. In 1874, Hawai'i generated $1.8M in exports. By 1890, it was $13.3M (an increase of over 700%). Then it went downhill. The U.S. Tariff Act of 1890 caused an economic depression in Hawai'i. The Kalākaua reign was considered corrupt and fiscally irresponsible. He had a new palace built. 'Iolani Palace was originally budgeted for $50K, but it ballooned to almost $350K (because the King wanted more opulence). In 1883, his coronation ceremony exceeded $50K. In 1886, his birthday jubilee was $75K. Kalākaua was a royal playboy who burned through money. Kalākaua was accused of taking large bribes for opium trade licences. Politically, he tried to create a Polynesian Confederacy and even make Hawai'i a Japanese Protectorate. This was all very controversial. The Hawaiian League intimidated Kalākaua and forced him to accept a new constitution. Then Queen Lili'uokalani made her attempt at a power grab to claw back power for the monarchy. And then she was overthrown in a counter-revolution.
    1
  1238.  @LargestLuke  Everyone needs to independently research, verify and confirm what they read, see and hear. History is rarely simple, black-and-white, and cut-and-dry. Thanks for taking the time to research.🙂
    1
  1239.  @bradavon  You didn't read this thread, Brad.🤪
    1
  1240.  @bradavon  My guy, I expect you to not blindly believe a short youtube outrage video, read some thread replies and then actually independently research and verify everything that you read, see and hear. Educate yourself. This video is full of historical inaccuracies, half truths and propaganda.
    1
  1241.  @bradavon  Thanks, Brad, I knew you'd understand.🙂
    1
  1242.  @thepineyapple  King Kalākaua wasn't physically forced to sign the 1887 Constitution. His political enemies threatened to overthrow him if he didn't make political concessions. His political opponents didn't storm Palace 'Iolani and force him to sign a new constitution. Kalākaua had a weak government. He couldn't defend against their intimidation tactics. Instead of directly dealing with his problem via political negotiation/compromise, police response or military action, he asked his international allies (United States, Great Britain, France, Japan, and Portugal) to help him, but they advised that he agree to the terms set by the Hawaiian League. He capitulated. No one physically put a gun to his head or bayonet to his throat. He conceded in order to save his throne. He didn't assert his authority and defend his government. Kalākaua was already a timid ruler and acted like a figurehead before the Revolution of 1887 even happened. Historically, there have been many civil/uncivil protests/riots/rebellions/revolutions that have changed politics, policy and government. The Right to Revolution goes all the way back to John Locke and even earlier. By its nature, every revolution is 'illegal' from the perspective of the side who lost. Are you sure you're educated? Lol
    1
  1243.  @thepineyapple  Kamehameha V overthrew the government in 1864. He prorogated the legislature, abrogated the 1852 Constitution, unilaterally created his own constitution and strengthened his autocratic powers (removed checks and balances, weakened power sharing and strengthened the king to be more like an absolute monarch), which was unconstitutional and illegal. Sound familiar? Queen Lili'uokalani tried to do the same thing. First, she tried to ammend the existing 1887 Constitution, but she repeatedly failed. Her supporters wanted her to do the same as Kamehameha V and just 'proclaim' a new constitution. She drafted the Constitution of 1893, but her Ministers wouldn't sign it because it was illegal and would cause civil unrest (i.e. riots and/or rebellion). Some of her ministers informed her political opponents about her scheme... and the rest is history. The Queen never submitted her Constitution for approval by the Legislature. She just wanted to proclaim the old one was dead and HER new one was the new law of the land, which was very illegal. It was a reckless power grab that cost her the throne.
    1
  1244. James Dole migrated to Hawai'i in 1899 to create his fruit company, which was six years after the overthrow and one year after annexation. Lol
    1
  1245.  @alapakeheanu4776  The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha. Kamehameha was prophesied at birth in 1758 (before western contact in 1778l) to be a great chief who would conquer all the islands. He waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli. Kanaka-on-kanaka violence is just as bad as anyone else.
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  1246. The U.S. didn't steal Hawai'i. Lol
    1
  1247. Hawai'i wasn't stolen. Okay, fine, King Kamehameha waged a twenty year war to conquer the other island tribes and steal their land, power and wealth for his Kingdom of Hawai'i. Lol. The United States, on the other hand, didn't steal Hawai'i. It didn't engage in any wars or battles with the Kingdom of Hawai'i. Even Queen Lili'uokalani testified that the U.S. military did NOT play an active part in the Revolution of 1893.
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  1248. There's no comparison between Tibet and Hawai'i. The People's Republic of China invaded, conquered and annexed Tibet with military force. Over 3,000 Tibetans were killed, injured or capture. After the Great Leap Forward, another 200,000 - 1,000,000 Tibetans died due to the worst famine in human history. The United States didn't fight any major battles or wars with the Hawaiian Kingdom. China conducted a large scale invasion of Tibet.
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  1249.  @mrterryseow3909  The United States didn't assassinate any royal family members. That's conspiracy theory. Like I said, there is no comparison between Hawai'i and Tibet. The People's Republic China conducted a REAL military invasion of Tibet and killed, injured and captured many Tibetans. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch. The Hawaiian Kingdom consistently depended on the help of stronger, more powerful nations. The Kingdom couldn't defend itself against the French Crisis, Russian incursion into Kauai, Captain Lord Paulet's annexation for Britain, Kalākua election riots, Revolution of 1864, Revolution of 1887, and Revolution of 1893. It always required help from foreign powers. Early on, Hawai'i wanted to become a British protectorate. In 1851, during the French Crisis, King Kamehameha III secretly requested annexation by the United States, but (ironically) the U.S. declined. King Kalākaua wanted to make Hawai'i a Japanese protectorate, but the Emperor declined. In 1893, the Provisional Government requested annexation, but the U.S. declined again. In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation by the U.S. (a third time by Hawaii!!!), but this time it accepted. And this was five years after the overthrow. This hardly looks like American aggression. Hawai'i was a feeble country that always needed the protection of a Big Brother.
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  1250. The kanaka, westerners and asians were all denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom. They were all kama'āina who lived, had families, worked, paid taxes and built the Hawaiian Kingdom from start to finish. The 'Americans' didn't suddenly show up and overthrow the Queen. The Queen tried an unconstitutional and illegal power grab. She instigated her own overthrow. Her own subjects led a counter-revolution to depose her, end the monarchy and establish a republic. The concept of protectorates and annexation was nothing new for the Hawaiian Kingdom. It tried to obtain protectorate status from Great Britain, the United States and Japan. In 1851, during the French Crisis, King Kamehameha III secretly requested annexation by the United States, but (ironically) U.S. Secretary of State Webster declined. The Hawaiian Kingdom recognized that it needed a strong Big Brother to protect it. Even President Cleveland referred to it as a 'feeble' country.
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  1251. And how did Texas aquire its territory? And how was Texas annexed? Once you're in the Union, you're in the Union.
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  1252.  @CullodenCowboy  Sorry, but the Supreme Court ruled in Texas v. White that unilateral secession is unconstitutional. The Arcticles of Confederation clearly states that it's a perpetual union and the Constitution states that it's a more perfect union. A State can only leave if the United States agrees to let them leave OR if the State fights a war of secession with the U.S. and wins. Either one is very difficult.
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  1253.  @CullodenCowboy  Thanks, I'll check it out, but consider this. What's the historical context of the union clause? The colonists were just about to take on the (Big, Bad and Powerful) British Empire. They needed all the colonies to unit and not quit in the face of a powerful enemy. They needed their bond to be permanent (i.e. perpetual) to survive as a nation. Just a thought :)
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  1254. Queen Lili'uokalani tried an illegal and unconstitutional powergrab. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature, unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch. How exactly did the United States 'steal' the Hawaiian Islands and destroy its culture?
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  1255. The missionaries came in 1819, long before the Revolution of 1893. Captain Cook visited Hawai'i in 1777. Westerners were interacting with native hawaiians for 40 years before any missionaries arrived. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old, ancestral religion, commanded all heiau to be destroyed, terminated the harsh kapu religious legal system and fought a small war to defend his policies, which all happened six months before the arrival of missionaries. The missionaries didn't overthrow Queen Lili'uokalani. She attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab and was, consequently, overthrown by counter-revolution led by the Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles (1,100-1,600 local militiamen), who were denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom.
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  1256. No they didn't!😂
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  1257. The United States didn't steal Hawai'i. Lol
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  1258. Hawai'i is free. Lol
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  1259.  @daibhidhtomascairn  It's not under U.S. occupation. After 127 years, there hasn't been a single U.S. or International Court that has ruled that Hawai'i is 'occupied' or 'illegally' annexed. Hawai'i has Statehood and all the same rights as every other American citizen.
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  1260.  @nickrnmaui  No problem, brah. But consider this, cousin. The Kingdom consistently depended on the help of stronger, more powerful nations. It couldn't defend itself against the French Crisis, Russian incursion into Kauai, Paulet's annexation for Britain, the Kalākua election riot, Revolution of 1864, 1887 and 1893. It always required help from foreign powers. Early on, Hawai'i wanted to become a British protectorate. In 1851, during the French Crisis, King Kamehameha III secretly requested annexation by the United States, but (ironically) the U.S. declined. King Kalākaua wanted to make Hawai'i a Japanese protectorate, but the Emperor declined, too. In 1893, the Provisional Government requested annexation, but the U.S. declined again. We weren't always on the path of independence and we got our lickins. In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation by the U.S. (a third time by Hawaii!!!), but this time it accepted. And this was five years after the overthrow. This hardly looks like American aggression. We could've been gobbled up any time, and we even offered to share our kuleana with others. Hawai'i always needed the protection of a Big Brother. Civil War? A'ole pilikia. What are we gonna do? Paddle out and throw our slippahs at an aircraft carrier. The kanaka, hapa and haole are all ohana and kama'āina. Yea, yea, Hawai'i loves those who loves Hawai'i💝 and we love the U.S.of A. Every family has their ups and downs. Hawai'i needs to take care of itself better and stop blaming Uncle Sam. We need to be Uncle Do Bettah. Malama pono.
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  1261. How was the overthrow harsh? Queen Lili'uokalani tried to prorogate the legislature, abrogate the existing constitution, unilaterally create her OWN constitution, strengthen her autocratic powers and defend her revolution with military force (which was highly illegal and unconstitutional)... but people (denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom) found out about her secret plot, organized, mobilized and overthrew her with a successful counter-revolution. She attempted a bold, arrogant and risky power grab and it backfired on her badly.
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  1262. There was no genocide in Hawai'i. Lol
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  1263.  @ivandinsmore6217  Of course there was genocide in North America. There was genocide between Native American tribes (pre and post Columbian) and there was genocide between Native American tribes and European settlers. However, most Native Americans were killed be foreign diseases introduced by outsiders, such as the colonists. Similarly, in Hawai'i, there was genocide between Native Hawaiian tribes, but there was no genocide between the kanaka and the haole. Unfortunately, many kanaka maoli still died from foreign diseases. There was no genocide during the Hawaiian Kingdom, the Revolution of 1893, anmexation and onwards.
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  1264. Propaganda website
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  1265. Captain Cook discovered Hawai'i in 1778. Westerners were interacting with kanaka for 40 years BEFORE missionaries even arrived. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old, ancestral religion, commanded all the heiau to be destroyed and terminated the harsh, oppressive kapu religious legal system. The missionaries arrived six months later.
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  1266.  @ProfessorEGadd  Should Germans hate themselves for what their ancestors did in the past? Should kanaka maoli hate themselves for what their kupuna (the mo'i, ali'i, konohiki and kahuna) did in the past? Every culture has been a conqueror and also conquered.
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  1267.  @ProfessorEGadd  I understand where you and the OP are coming from. It's overdramatic (and disingenuous) when someone makes a "How the U.S. stole Hawai'i" video and ignores major parts of Hawaiian history. Some people are blind to objectivity. There are self-hating citizens who enjoy all the privileges of their homeland and complain as if they live under despotism. I agree that people are allowed to have their own opinions, but not all opinions are well-supported.☺✌
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  1268.  @hunteressthompson5878  There was no U.S. genocide in Hawai'i. Here, have a nice, hot cup of tea to soothe your frayed nerves. 😊 ☕
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  1269. Captain Cook visited Hawai'i in 1778. Westerners were interacting with native hawaiians for 40 years before any missionaries ever arrived to Hawai'i. In 1819, King Kamehameha abolished the old ancestral religion, commanded all the heiau to be destroyed, terminated the harsh, oppressive kapu religious legal system, and fought a small war to defend his policies; all of this happened six months before the arrival of the first missionaries. Lol
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  1270. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  1271.  @ckaybit  How did the U.S. 'suppress' their culture?
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  1272.  @ckaybit  So you can't answer the simple question?😄 It's a huge myth that the Hawaiian language was banned/eradicated by the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii or United States. The Hawaiian Kingdom enacted an education policy that highly favored English before the overthrow of the monarchy in 1893. King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1855): "To foster education and widen every channel that leads to knowledge, is one of our most imperative duties... It is of the highest importance, in my opinion, that education in the English language should become more general, for it is my firm conviction that unless my subjects become educated in this tongue, their hope of intellectual progress, and of meeting the foreigners on terms of equality, is a vain one." King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1856) that he was satisfied with the Board of Education's progress on English instruction "It is particularly gratifying to know that instruction in the English language is prosecuted with so much success among my native subjects. I recommend you to make as liberal a provision for the support of this class of schools as the state of my Treasury will admit." And this Hawaiian Kingdom Policy was very successful in adopting the English language as the main language of education and instruction. 1881: 66% English, 33% Hawaiian 1887: 84% English,16% Hawaiian  1892: 95% English, 5% Hawaiian 1896: 97% English, 3% Hawaiian
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  1273.  @mariobeanes4430  You can say that about every town, city, province, state, territory, and country. Everyone protects their own interests. If someone threatens Hawai'i, then the United States will protect it because it's one of their States. It's obviously in everyone's best interest.
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  1274. The Hawaiian Kingdom was constructed by kanaka, westerners and asians. Kamehameha would never have been able to conquer the island chiefdoms if he didn't have great western help (weapons, supplies, tactics, training, counsel and combat support). Hawaiian Kings blended western systems (education, religious, economics, political and military) with native hawaiian traditions. The kanaka, westerners and asians were kama'āina. They were all denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Kingdom. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  1275. Cuba was communist, aligned with the Soviet Union and seen as a growing threat to U.S. national security. There's no comparison of Cuba with Hawai'i. In Hawai'i, Robert Wilcox led a counter-revolution in 1895, but the royalists lost many battles and the new government defended its power and cemented its control over the country. Did you think the protest was peaceful?
    1
  1276. The Japanese didn't have respect for Native Hawaiians. The Pearl Harbor attack wasn't to 'liberate' kanaka. Lol
    1
  1277. There was no 'ethnic cleansing' by the U.S. in Hawai'i. Lol
    1
  1278. The U.S. didn't play an active part in the Revolution of 1893. Even Queen Lili'uokalani admitted, in her testimony to Commissioner Blount, that the American soldiers showed no physical aggression or threat to her or her government. They didn't surround any buildings, raid any offices, patrol any streets, engage in combat or provide any material aid to the rebels. She was overthrown by the Honolulu Rifles, which were a local Hawaiian militia consisting of 1,100 - 1,600 men... who were angry that the Queen attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab.
    1
  1279. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1280. How about how Hawai'i stole Hawai'i? The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  1281. The British and American traders already worked with Native Hawaiians for 30 years before any missionaries arrived to Hawai'i. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old, ancestral religion, commanded all heiau to be destroyed and terminated the harsh, oppressive kapu religious law six months before the arrival of missionaries.
    1
  1282. The U.S. didn't 'conquer' Hawai'i. Lol
    1
  1283. Your home is no different. However, the United States didn't steal Hawai'i. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  1284. British and Americans were trading with Hawai'i for thirty years before any missionaries arrived. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old, ancestral religion, commanded all heiau to be destroyed and terminated the harsh, oppressive kapu religious law six months before missionaries came to Hawai'i.
    1
  1285.  @spicymangooo  The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1286.  @spicymangooo  Did Kamehameha conquer and unify the islands on his own? No, he needed great help from westerners (British and Americans). Did the United States or Great Britain declare or claim Hawai'i as a colony? No. Did kanaka, westerners and asians build the country together? Yes, every step of the way. Were the westerners and asians denizens, citizens and royal subjects of Hawai'i? Yes. Did the westerners and asians live, work, pay taxes and support the Hawaiian Kingdom? Yes, the haole had a long history with Hawai'i from 1777 through 1893. Was the Hawaiian Kingdom a multiethnic, multicultural and multinational society? Yes. Did the Hawaiian Kingdom requested protectorate status or annexation from other countries? Yes. King Kamehameha wanted to make Hawai'i a British protectorate. King Kamehameha III requested annexation by the United States. King Kalākaua wanted to become a Japanese protectorate. Did the United States 'steal' Hawai'i? No, the U.S. declined an annexation request in 1851 and 1893. The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation in 1898 (five years after the monarchy's overthrow) and the U.S. accepted. If the U.S. were greedy, landgrabbing colonialists, then why didn't they grab Hawai'i sooner? They weren't. Did the United States overthrow the Monarchy? No, the Morgan Report exonerated the U.S. soldiers and agents of any involvement in the Revolution of 1893. I suggest you look at the Committee of Safety and the Honolulu Rifles. There were 1,100 - 1,600 angry hawaiians who overthrew Queen Lili'uokalani after she attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. Some Hawaiians wanted to maintain the monarchy, some wanted a republic and some wanted annexation. Was Hawai'i an American colony? No, it was a country that got annexed by the U.S. after the Revolution of 1893 led to the creation of a provisional government and later the Republic of Hawaii. The rebels had control of the government and requested annexation. Did some colonists object to secession from the British Empire? Yes. Did some Texans object to annexation? Yes. Did some Californians object annexation? Yes. Did some kanaka object to Kamehameha's conquest of Hawai'i? Yes. Does it matter? No, the government decides what happens with the territory. There's no requirement for public referendum or plebiscite. Did 93% of Hawaiian voters choose statehood? Yes.
    1
  1287. Westerners were trading with Hawai'i for ~40 years before any missionaries arrived.
    1
  1288. Hawai'i was never a colony of the United States.
    1
  1289. Wait? Would you rather live under a King and Queen? Lol
    1
  1290.  @Dmountaingoblin  Most of the native hawaiians lived in poverty while their Royalty and Nobility classes lived a life of luxury with plenty of land, wealth and power. Would you want to live the life of the maka'āinana? Hawai'i had a feudal caste system where the maka'āinana (commoners) were oppressed with harsh kapu religious law. The mo'i (king), ali'i (chiefly nobles) and konohiki (landlords) ruled over Hawai'i based on genealogical status and they claimed they were the descendants of Akua (God). Have you ever heard of 'good' Kings and Queens? Would you want to be a lowly serf? Everyone thinks the native hawaiians had an awesome life in the Kingdom, but only the kanaka elites prospered from their culturally unfair system.
    1
  1291. The U.S. didn't colonize Hawai'i. Everyone has to protect their 'home' from others. Queen Lili'uokalani attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. She instigated her own overthrow. The Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles (a local Hawaiian insurgent force) overthrew her during the Revolution of 1893. In 1895, Robert Wilcox tried to lead a counter-revolution but the royalists were defeated (again). Queen Lili'uokalani tried to create a revolution, but she failed and was unable to defend her throne, power and control over the country. Game Over. The Hawaiian Monarchy crumbled due to a classic power struggle, which is an ongoing theme in human history.
    1
  1292. The U.S. didn't steal Hawai'i. Lol
    1
  1293.    Unfortunately, the Hawaiian Kingdom consistently depended on the help of stronger, more powerful nations. The Kingdom couldn't defend itself against the French Crisis, Russian incursion into Kauai, Captain Lord Paulet's annexation for Britain, Kalākua election riots, Revolution of 1864, Revolution of 1887, and Revolution of 1893. It always required help from foreign powers. Early on, Hawai'i wanted to become a British protectorate. In 1851, during the French Crisis, King Kamehameha III secretly requested annexation by the United States, but (ironically) the U.S. declined. King Kalākaua wanted to make Hawai'i a Japanese protectorate, but the Emperor declined. In 1893, the Provisional Government requested annexation, but the U.S. declined again. In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation by the U.S. (a third time by Hawaii!!!), but this time it accepted. And this was five years after the overthrow. This hardly looks like American aggression. Hawai'i always needed the protection of a Big Brother.
    1
  1294. Westerners were trading and interacting with Native Hawaiians for 40 years before any missionaries even arrived. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old ancestral religion, commanded all heiau to be destroyed, terminated the harsh, oppressive kapu religious legal system and fought a war to defend his policies. This all happened SIX MONTHS BEFORE the arrival of missionaries.
    1
  1295. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1296. This vid was full of historical inaccuracies, half-truths and propaganda. Sorry, no respect was earned.
    1
  1297. It wasn't about sugar. Lol. The U.S. had significant sugar production from Louisiana, Texas and Cuba. Many American politicians and businessmen didn't support annexation because they didn't want competition from Hawaiian sugar.
    1
  1298. Except there was no gunboat diplomacy in Hawaii. Queen Lili'uokalani testified and admitted that U.S. soldiers did not play an active role in the Revolution of 1893. The United States, Great Britain and Japan even sent warships to Hawaii to threaten that they were preparing for a land invasion. This was done to intimidate the Hawaiian rebels into reinstating the Queen. The rebels called their bluff and told them to pound sand. Now, that was ACTUAL gunboat diplomacy. Lol. Queen Lili'uokalani attempted to abrogate the existing constitution and replace it with her own. She tried to make an illegal and unconstitutional power grab, which led to her overthrow. Johny Harris 'forgot' all of these important details. How convenient for him.
    1
  1299. That's not true. Based on U.S. Census Data and Hawai'i poverty rates, there are more non-Native Hawaiian people who live in poverty.
    1
  1300. The United States didn't steal Hawai'i. Lol. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1301. British and American traders were working with Hawai'i for thirty years before the missionaries arrived. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old religion, commanded all heiau to be destroyed and ended the harsh, oppressive kapu religious law SIX MONTHS before any missionaries arrived. This video's a joke. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1302. Robert Wilcox led the rebellion of 1895 to reinstate the former queen, but the royalists were defeated in several battles. The new government defended its power and cemented its control over the country.
    1
  1303. Polynesians travelled from Southeast Asia and colonized all of the islands in Oceana. The Marquesians were the first aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i until Tahitians later migrated there, took control of all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the original settlers with harsh kapu religious law (for centuries). How is that okay? The chiefdoms then fought for centuries over land, power and wealth via local and inter-island wars. How's that okay? 'Brown-on-brown' violence is now 'okay'?
    1
  1304. Queen tried illegal power grab, but it horribly backfired. Lol
    1
  1305. Brah, the ocean belongs to everyone.
    1
  1306.  @timotmon  You probably don't even know what haole means. Ocean belongs to everyone, cuz. If you wanted it so badly, then your kupuna shoulda fought harder. Lol
    1
  1307. Hawai'i was never occupied. And you can't celebrate independence without actual independence It's more like a commemoration of what has once been, but has been long gone.
    1
  1308.  @toon_scaling  Nope, he's correct. 93% of Hawaiian voters chose statehood. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old, ancestral religion, commanded all the heiau to be destroyed, and terminated the harsh, oppressive kapu religious law six months before the arrival of the missionaries.
    1
  1309. Nah, he hit his thumb, not the nail. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1310. Hawaii has nothing to do with Israel. Lol
    1
  1311.  @ThaEzioAuditore  Illegal occupation? Lol. Not a chance. Annexation. After 128 years, there hasn't been a single United States or International Court decision that has declared that Hawai'i was 'occupied' or annexed 'illegally'. There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424?seq=1 ✔✔✔
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  1312.  @buuuu7691  You don't even have a good counterargument. Or a good clapback. Lol
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  1313.  @AsymmetricalCrimes  China invaded, conquered and annexed Tibet with military force (and many Tibetan casualties).
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  1314.  @deontaer  The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  1315.  @Djreactions831  It's a huge myth that the Hawaiian language was banned/eradicated by the United States. The Hawaiian Kingdom enacted an education policy that highly favored English before the overthrow of the monarchy in 1893. King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1855): "To foster education and widen every channel that leads to knowledge, is one of our most imperative duties... It is of the highest importance, in my opinion, that education in the English language should become more general, for it is my firm conviction that unless my subjects become educated in this tongue, their hope of intellectual progress, and of meeting the foreigners on terms of equality, is a vain one." King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1856) that he was satisfied with the Board of Education's progress on English instruction "It is particularly gratifying to know that instruction in the English language is prosecuted with so much success among my native subjects. I recommend you to make as liberal a provision for the support of this class of schools as the state of my Treasury will admit." And this Hawaiian Kingdom Policy was very successful in adopting the English language as the main language of education and instruction. 1881: 66% English, 33% Hawaiian 1887: 84% English,16% Hawaiian 1892: 95% English, 5% Hawaiian 1896: 97% English, 3% Hawaiian
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  1316. Mauna Kea is a 1,000,000 year old, 13,800 ft, 52,500 acre volcano. Hawai'i has several active volcanos. Maunakea is a dormant volcano. Big island is made up of several volcanoes and can be thought of as just one BIG volcano. Every mauna is considered sacred in one way or another. Even 'sacred' land can be used for practical reasons.
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  1317.  @saikauwe3601  Sorry, but your grandparents are full of shish (just on this subject). If people were being 'publicly beaten in the streets', then it would be super easy to find evidence... but their isn't widespread evidence of a 'ban'. The Japanese-Americans didn't lose their language because they 1) cared, 2) sent their kids to secondary school and 3) used their language. We almost lost the 'olelo for several different reasons. Some parents wanted their kids to use english to be more successful. Some were ashamed to speak Hawaiian. Some naturally abandoned it as part of Americanization. And so on. It's the same story as people who immigrated to the U.S., excepted kanaka didn't immigrate. Hawai'i was annexed and incorporated into the U.S. Many kanaka are protesting the TMT on Mauna a Wākea because they want to complain about past historical grievances (Hawaiian Kingdom) and several of them think that it will be the magic bullet that will solve their problems. They took hostage a peaceful, benign, altruistic telescope for their silly independence politics. The kia'i (cough, protesters, cough) are an embarrassment to the lāhui. They're villainizing a telescope - a tool of learning. There's no comparison between a telescope and an oil pipeline, coal strip mine, military training area, factory, megafarm, hotel resort, etc. Telescopes have very small environmental footprints by design. The TMT is designed to be a very environmentally friendly, zero-waste facility, but the protesters don't care. The protesters even spread lies that the TMT was nuclear powered and was going to poison the aquifer system. Lol
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  1318.  @pakelika100  Hawai'i is located in an extremely strategic location for economic, political and military power. It's right in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. Also, the territory is very small and difficult to defend as an independent, sovereign nation. Hawaii's greatest asset is agriculture, but its extreme remote isolation makes its imports and exports far too expensive. Agriculture is currently dead in Hawai'i Nei. Everything is cheaper on mainland America and Asia. 90% of Hawaii's energy is imported and it lacks the mineral and other critical resources to maintain a first world status. Historically, Hawai'i has been challenged by the French, British, Russia, United States and its own population (Revolution of 1893) and it was unable to defend itself. Hawai'i often needed the intervention of other, more powerful countries to settle its international conflicts (French Crisis, Paulet Affair, Russian incursion into Kauai, Kalākaua Election Riots, etc). President Cleveland described it as a 'feeble' country.
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  1319. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet. The People's Republic of China launched a massive military invasion to conquer Tibet with military force. Over 3,000 Tibetans were killed, injured or captured. Another 200,000 - 1,000,000 Tibetans died after the Great Leap Forward caused the worst famine in human history.
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  1320. @GeogWoofy True, but this video is full of historical inaccuracies, half truths and propaganda. It's always point out and acknowledge historical issues, it's horrible when someone lies, misrepresents and twists it to fit a political narrative. History isn't simple, cut-and-dry, black-and-white. This video is biased and non-objective.
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  1321. Nah, this video was full of many historical inaccuracies, half truths and propaganda.
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  1322.  @saikauwe3601  The U.S. soldiers didn't surround any government buildings, raid any offices, patrol any streets, fight any battles or provide any material support to the rebels. Queen Lili'uokalani, the royalists, rebels and American soldiers all agreed (in testimony) that the U.S. soldiers didn't play an active role in the Revolution of 1893. The U.S.S. Boston never pointed it's guns menacingly at the Hawaiian government and its cannons never fired a shot. Queen Lili'uokalani was overthrown by a local Hawaiian militia of 1,100 - 1,600 men (Honolulu Rifles) who were angry that she attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab.
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  1323.  @Bthefilmer  You said all that, and didn't even mention this 'new bombshell, smoking gun information'. I have heard and seen every counterargument. Would you like to present an actual counterargument?
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  1324.  @Bthefilmer  I have had hundreds of conversations with Hawaiian independence activists - of all backgrounds. They haven't provided a single credible historical argument. If your smoking gun (discovered within the last 50 years) was strong, then you would, at the very minimum, present the 'evidence' for discussion. I'm not afraid of any new ideas. If it's true, then it would be difficult for me to provide a rational and historically supported rebuttal. If your theory can be disproven, then you will end up spreading misinformation - not the best kind of education. This is all part of basic critical thinking and healthy intellectual discourse.
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  1325.  @Bthefilmer  You claimed that the United States was responsible for the Revolution of 1887, which is wrong. You claimed that the Apology Resolution was based on the Revolution of 1897, which is wrong. You haven't researched whether the Apology Resolution is legal or actionable. You create a strawman argument that my argument is based on 'Wikipedia'. So far, you haven't provided any compelling evidence to back up your claims. For mine, you can easily verify everything. The Supreme Court ruled in the Supreme Court vs Office of Hawaiian Affairs that the Apology Resolution has zero legal impact on territorial claims because it's an opinion statement. After 130 years, there hasn't been a single United States or International Court decision to declare it was illegal. There hasn't been a single federal report to refute the Morgan Report (and, yes, activists have tried to convince the government with no success); it is always being challenged by activists, but their arguments hold no water and go nowhere. Dr. David Keanu Sai hasn't won a single significant victory for his independence movie after his ~30 years of activism. If you conduct any kind of documentary, I HOPE that you are able to actually investigate the validity and integrity of all sides of this debate. Each one of Dr. Sai's silly claims can easily be refuted. I have researched his work and tried to verify his claims. I hope you have great research skills! Why? Obviously, a Hawaiian independence activist is going to lie through their teeth to paint a very rosey picture. Why? Because they have an extremely biased and personal desire for it to be 'true'. Dr. Sai even states in his speeches that he wants to 'control the narrative'. Thank you for your time.😃 Do you have an SPECIFIC questions about his arguments? He takes a revisionist view of history and tries to retroactively apply today's laws that were created AFTER historical events. Obviously, you can't take today's laws and apply them to situations that existed before the laws were ever created and enforced. Dr. Sai is a con man.
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  1326.  @Bthefilmer  Fact. The U.S. aquired four sovereign, independent states: Hawai'i, Texas, California and Vermont. Hawai'i and Texas were both annexed with joint resolution, Vermont was through a legislative act of Congress, and California was via a treaty. Texas and California both involved wars and Hawai'i and Vermont joined the union peacefully. In all those cases, there were people who didn't want to join the U.S. There were many different ways that foreign land was acquired. Fact. The United Nations never declared that Hawaii was under military occupation. De Zayas reported in a memo that Hawaii was under a "strange form of occupation" by the U.S. However, he doesn't officially represent the U.N. He's a volunteer who had a short term as a United Nations Independent Expert on the Promotion of a Democratic and Equitable International Order. A spokesperson distanced the U.N. from the memo and said that "They are his own views and as such they should not have been sent out using our letterhead.” The United Nations made no officual statement in support of de Zayas. Later, de Zayas admitted that Hawaii is "formally part of the US". Dr. David Keanu Sai's website "hawaiiankingdom.org" omits all this material and pertinent information. Fact. President Cleveland asked Congress to investigate alleged U.S involvement in Hawaii's Revolution of 1893. The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations released the Morgan Report, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerates the U.S. military and agents of any involvement. After the report was delivered, Cleveland withdrew all of his support to reinstate the deposed queen, reestablished diplomatic relations with the Republic of Hawaii and negotiated treaties with them
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  1327.  @Bthefilmer  Fact. There was no executive agreement between Queen Likiuokalani and President Cleveland to transfer sovereign control to the United States. There was no meeting where Cleveland formally accepted Liiuokalani's executive powers AND he never formally obligated the United States to reinstate her monarchy. The Queen tried to transfer her powers, but the U.S. never formally accepted them. Cleveland was a friend of Liliuokalani and he agreed to help mediate a solution to reinstate her. That all fell apart after the Queen refused to pardon the insurgents and demanded their execution (beheading). Furthermore, the insurgents were unwilling to reinstate the monarchy. Fact. Larsen v. Hawaiian Kingdom doesn't prove anything about the current existence of the country nor does it make a ruling about the legality of Hawaii's annexation. Lance Larson and Keanu Sai conspired to file a court case with the Permanent Court of Arbitration under UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules 1976. UNCITRAL is the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law. This wasn't even a court that could settle territorial boundary disputes or war crimes. Larsen and Sai made a plan where Larsen would drive without a Hawaiian license plate and driver's license. He didn't pay any of his fines and spent 30 days in jail as a penalty. Sai claimed he was acting Regent Pro Tem for the Kingdom of Hawaii. Larsen sued the Kingdom (Sai) for failing to protect him from the State of Hawaii. The Tribunal of Arbiters had to hear the case because the Claimant filed suit against the Hawaiian Kingdom and (once upon a time) the country did actually exist. The Tribunal dismissed the case because they couldn't rule on the legality of anyone's actions because the United States would have to be a party of the case since they annexed and owned Hawaii. Larsen v. Hawaiian Kingdom proved absolutely nothing about the former country's existence and the legality of Hawaii's annexation. The case was dismissed, with no legal decision or impact. Read the actual arbitration ruling. Keanu Sai made a false victory proclamation despite winning nothing other than a public relations stunt.
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  1328.  @Bthefilmer  Fact. Dr. David Keanu Sai is a convicted felon. He was accused and found guilty of first-degree attempted theft for helping a couple try to reclaim an Aiea home they lost through foreclosure. His business, Perfect Title, was a scam that fraudulently tried to use Hawaiian Kingdom law for U.S. home foreclosure law. Your Welcome!!! And Thank You!!!😄🌺 🎶
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  1329. The United Nations hasn't declared that Hawai'i is under military occupation. The United Nations even made an official statement distancing itself from De Zaya. There was no Executive Agreement between President Cleveland and Queen Lili'uokalani.
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  1330.  @thealohamu808  There was no Executive Agreement between Liliuokalani and Cleveland. Historically, executive agreements were considered politically binding to distinguish them from treaties which are legally binding. In the modern era, U.S. executive agreements are binding internationally if they are 1) negotiated and entered into under the president's authority in foreign policy, 2) as commander-in-chief of the armed forces, or from 3) a prior act of Congress. So far, so good right? Wait! It's too good to be true. President Cleveland didn't draft, review and sign one formal executive agreement document that clearly and concisely explained the what the agreement was (similar to proposing legislation, resolution or treaty) and gain Liliuokalani's approval signature. They just had a series of correspondence letters. They had a discussion of how they could mutually tackle problems, but this falls short of a legal and binding agreement that imposes an enforceable obligation. FURTHERMORE, the modern power of executive agreement didn't exist until the Supreme Court decision of United States v. Pink (1942)._ Since the 1940s*, the vast majority of international agreements have been completed by presidents as executive agreements rather than as treaties. This major policy evolution occurred without changes to the Constitution, though Supreme Court decisions and practice by the political branches have validated the change. Furthermore, the criteria for executive agreements was documented in the Department of State's Foreign Affairs Manual, which was published in 1980 per the Foreign Services Act. *Dr. Sai frequently tries to take laws, processes and other legal ideas that existed AFTER 1898 to make a counterfeit argument. There was no executive agreement between Queen Liliuokalani and President Cleveland to transfer sovereign control to the United States. There was no meeting where Cleveland formally accepted Liliuokalani's executive powers AND he never formally obligated the United States to reinstate her monarchy. The Queen tried to transfer her powers, but the U.S. never formally accepted them. Cleveland was a friend of Liliuokalani and he agreed to help mediate a solution to reinstate her. That all fell apart after the Queen refused to pardon the insurgents and demanded their execution (beheading). Furthermore, the insurgents were unwilling to reinstate the monarchy.
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  1331.  @thealohamu808  I did more research into Dr. Sai's claims about alleged 'war crimes' that he submitted, back in 2013, to the International Criminal Court and alleged 'treaty violations' that he submitted to the International Criminal Violations. He just filed a complaint with formal paperwork. All complaints must be accepted and processed (no matter how ridiculous). It's not hard to submit the paperwork. The organizations have to accept the application and submit it for processing. It was processed and went nowhere. That's not a legal victory. Dr. Sai was unsuccessful with getting any of these cases in front of an actual court. For example, Dr. Sai cited FORTY FIVE (45) countries for treaty violations in his International Court of Justice complaint. Did that go anywhere? No. There are no active cases. Look at it this way, if the International Criminal Court and International Court of Justice were taking the war crimes and the legality of Hawaiian annexation to trial, then it would be MAJOR International News. But nobody talks about it. There are no sensational headlines. No news stories on CNN, Fox News, BBC, etc. Even Hawai'i State News doesn't even cover the story. Why? Because there are no actual legal proceedings. It's a nothing burger. Dr. Sai is a con man.
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  1332. - After the Revolution of1893, all of the Hawaiian Kingdom's allies and treaty holders provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every step of the Hawaiian Kingdom's transition to U.S. Territory. - King Kalākaua did great things for Hawai'i, such as modernization and cultural revival, but some people exaggerate or misrepresent his accomplishments. - King Kalākaua tried to wed Princess Ka’iulani with Japan’s Prince Yamashina, but the Emperor of Japan declined the surprise, unexpected offer. They weren't even close to being married. Prince Yamashina already had been setup for an arraged marriage. Furthermore,  Kalākaua wanted to make Hawai'i a Japanese protectorate, but the Emperor declined. - The power generation, distribution and lighting for 'Iolani Palace was all invented, manufactured and installed by western companies. There's no bragging rights for signing up for a utility service. Lol. Maui sugar plantations (operated by westerners) had electricity before the Palace. - Kalākaua tried to place Hawai'i under a Japanese protectorate and create a Polynesian Confederacy. However, both ideas were very unpopular with his hawaiian subjects. Ironically, Kalākaua's dream (and Gibson's fantasy) of a Polynesian Confederacy was a form of imperialism because he wanted Hawai'i to be its leading member and he wanted many Pacific Islands to join. - The Hawaiian Kingdom also sent many hawaiians to foreign countries for education and training, which included the future Queen Lili'uokalani.
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  1333.  @natenae8635  All of those points are historically accurate. What do you mean when you say, "it doesn't make it right"?
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  1334. Are you sure? The Hawaiian Kingdom consistently depended on the help of stronger, more powerful nations. The Kingdom couldn't defend itself against the French Crisis, Russian incursion into Kauai, Captain Lord Paulet's annexation for Britain, Kalākua election riots, Revolution of 1864, 1887, and 1893. It always required help from foreign powers. Early on, Hawai'i wanted to become a British protectorate. In 1851, during the French Crisis, King Kamehameha III secretly requested annexation by the United States, but (ironically) the U.S. declined. King Kalākaua wanted to make Hawai'i a Japanese protectorate, but the Emperor declined. In 1893, the Provisional Government requested annexation, but the U.S. declined again. In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation by the U.S. (a third time by Hawaii!!!), but this time it accepted. And this was five years after the overthrow. This hardly looks like American aggression. Hawai'i was a feeble country that always needed the protection of a Big Brother.
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  1335. The script was awful. It was full of historical inaccuracies, half truths and propaganda. However, the editing was very slick.
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  1336. You don't know Hawaiian history. Lol. What suffering do you speak of?
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  1337. Kanaka, Westerners and Asians all worked together, from start to finish, to construct the country of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The kanaka maoli were no longer a tribe. Everyone was part of a country. Hawaiian was a people and a nationality.
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  1338. The Great Mahele of 1848 was the biggest land policy failure of Hawaiian Kingdom history. The king, ali'i and konohiki screwed over the maka'ainana and took all the land for themselves. Only less than 1% of the maka'ainana got land, which was about 30,000 acres. The powerful kanaka monarchy and nobility class got 4 million acres. 1 million for the King, 1.5 million for the government and 1.5 million for the nobility. Even worse, the kanaka elitists mismanaged their finances and sold off a great deal of land to foreigners to repay debts. The allodial land rights were designed to protect powerful kanaka while the actual land policies screwed over the common folk, the real hawaiians, the ones who actually managed and cultivated the land for generations. There are many protesters who complain about their "allodial" rights because they're hungry for a huge windfall based on genealogical claim... because their ancestors exploited their own people for great personal gain. The feudal lords of chiefdom days became the royal nobility of the Hawaiian Kingdom. And the exploitation didn't stop. The Great Mahele was a Great Crime of kanaka-on-kanaka fraud. The āina is life, mana, wealth, prosperity and happiness. The kanaka royalty and nobility classes stole all the land and screwed over the commoners, who had tended the ahupua'a for generations. They put native hawaiians behind the eight ball. Who's the thief? The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  1339. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
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  1340.  @liltree8382  It's a huge myth that the Hawaiian language was banned/eradicated by the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii or United States. The Hawaiian Kingdom enacted an education policy that highly favored English before the overthrow of the monarchy in 1893. King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1855): "To foster education and widen every channel that leads to knowledge, is one of our most imperative duties... It is of the highest importance, in my opinion, that education in the English language should become more general, for it is my firm conviction that unless my subjects become educated in this tongue, their hope of intellectual progress, and of meeting the foreigners on terms of equality, is a vain one." King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1856) that he was satisfied with the Board of Education's progress on English instruction "It is particularly gratifying to know that instruction in the English language is prosecuted with so much success among my native subjects. I recommend you to make as liberal a provision for the support of this class of schools as the state of my Treasury will admit." And this Hawaiian Kingdom Policy was very successful in adopting the English language as the main language of education and instruction. 1881: 66% English, 33% Hawaiian 1887: 84% English,16% Hawaiian  1892: 95% English, 5% Hawaiian 1896: 97% English, 3% Hawaiian
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  1341.  @lisashung9442  The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  1342.  @lisashung9442  The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1343. Hawai'i was never colonized. Kamehameha would never have been able to conquer all the islands without the help of western traders, weapons, tactics, materials, advice, training and support. Hawaiian Kings intentionally integrated western systems (education, religious, political, economic and military) with Hawaiian traditions. The kanaka and haole built the country together and became one ohana, blended by aloha. Who was the first western governor of Hawai'i? Isaac Davis and John Young were valuable advisors who were very instrumental to King Kamehameha's success. The King granted Davis ali'i status, had him marry into his family and made him governor of O'ahu. When Kamehameha left Big Island, Young acted as governor of Hawai'i on his behalf. Young was also the grandfather of Queen Emma. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1344. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet. Lol
    1
  1345. President Cleveland asked Congress to investigate alleged U.S. involvement in the Revolution of 1893. The Senate Committee on Foreign Relations released the Morgan Report, which exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing. Cleveland withdrew his support for the former queen, reestablished diplomatic relations with the Republic of Hawaii and negotiated treaties with them.
    1
  1346. The U.S. didn't steal Hawai'i. It didn't fight any wars or battles with the Hawaiian Kingdom. Russia invaded, fought a war, conquered and annexed Crimea. Huge difference.
    1
  1347.  @RambutanLaw  The U.S. didn't steal Hawai'i. Queen Lili'uokalani attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab, which backfired. The Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles overthrew the monarchy with 1,100 - 1,600 men. They were all denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The American soldiers didn't fight or actively participate in the Revolution of 1893. Did you actually think that the U.S. overthrew and stole Hawai'i?🤔
    1
  1348. Except the United States didn't overthrow Hawai'i. Don't laugh until you actually study the mo'olelo hawai'i. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  1349. Ukrainians: Are you sure about that? The United States didn't fight a war against the Hawaiian Kingdom.😑 Russia: 💥 💀💥💀💥😄
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  1350.  @axmat3436  The United States didn't fight a war against the Hawaiian Kingdom. Lol. The U.S. did kick a lot of ass in the Middle East, but it didn't conquer and annex any Middle East territory. Or did Iraq and Afghanistan become part of the United States? Wait, let me go check the Stars and Stripes🇺🇲.... Nope, there isn't a star for Iraq or Afghanistan. Phew! That could've been embarrassing. Lol😅
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  1351.  @ralphiemcdingus2075  In 1893, Japanese intellectuals viewed native hawaiians as dojin, a derogatory term for 'land people'. The Japanese considered native hawaiians as mentally, physically and culturally inferior. They thought westerners were more advanced and were disgusted  with how the hawaiians didn't fight to protect their country (during the revolution). By that time, Japan was entering its period of modernization, imperialism and colonialism. They felt that the Pacific Islanders needed to be guided by a more advanced people. Hawai'i was an invaluable, strategic location for economic, political and military power in the Pacific.
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  1352. Hawaii's native population was ravaged by foreign disease, similar to what happened to Native Americans. Agriculture was a huge industry for Hawai'i, but there was a huge labor shortage. The government had to import many Japanese migrant workers. Today, Hawai'i has a mostly Asian majority. Native Hawaiians and Caucasians are the minority. Since it exists in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, Hawai'i is still a popular travel destination for westerners and easterners.
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  1353.  @alapakeheanu4776  Japan and England weren't ready and willing to go to war against the United States over Hawai'i. In 1881, Kalākaua proposed to the Japanese Emperor that they form a confederacy and make Hawai'i a Japanese protectorate. He also wanted to arrange a marriage between his niece, Princess Ka’iulani, and Japan’s Prince Yamashina. The Emperor declined because he didn't want to upset the United State. Japan would never have gone to war against the U.S. in 1893. If Japan did propose war, then this would've made huge internatioal news and bolstered the argument (and fear) that Japan wanted to acquire Hawai'i. During the 1887 Revolution, King Kalākaua asked his international allies for assistance, but they refused and advised him to accept the demands and reforms of the Hawaiian League. They weren't very eager to help. During the 1893 Revolution, British Minister Wodehouse requested support from Great Britain, but they declined. Great Britain and Japan weren't eager to fight the U.S. over Hawai'i. You're sadly mistaken or confused. Great Britain and Japan were willing to JOIN the United States, who had threatened military action against the Provisional Government to resinstate the deposed Queen. If the U.S. actually invaded and overthrew the monarchy, then it would be very easy to reinstate Lili'uokalani. But it wasn't. Queen Lili'uokalani was overthrown by a good ol' fashioned homegrown coup who were also citizens, denizens and royal subjects of Hawai'i. They were kama'āina and also a few kanaka. They basically told the U.S. to pound sand. President Cleveland sent two American warships to Hawai'i. The warships aimed their guns at the capital and visibly prepared for an amphibious assault and invasion. Great Britain and Japan wanted to join and help the United States with the invasion. They wanted to intimidate the Provisional Government, but it didn't work. Eight days later, American Minister Wodehouse admitted to President Dole that the invasion threat was just a heavy handed negotiation tactic.
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  1354. How the Tahitians stole Hawai'i from the Marquesians. How Kamehameha stole all the island chiefdoms. How Lili'uokalani tried to ovethrow the government and increase the power of her monarchy.
    1
  1355.  @DD-jg8xr  The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1356. There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 ✔✔✔
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  1357.  @DD-jg8xr  There were no 'war crimes' or 'crimes against humanity'. Lol
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  1358. This video was full of historical inaccuracies, half-truths and propaganda. It was very far from the truth.
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  1359. Nope. James Dole didn't migrate to Hawai'i to start his fruit company until 1899, which was six years after the Revolution of 1893 and one year after the Annexation of 1898.
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  1360. Politically, the Apology Resolution was intended to help pave the way for federal tribal recognition of the Native Hawaiian people, just like the Native Americans. Legally, it had no effect on any settlement against the United States and didn't alter or modify the purity of land title own by the State of Hawaii. The Apology Bill doesn't support the hawaiian independence activists desire for secession and sovereignty. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the resolution was written with conciliatory and precatory language, not legal language that confers rights or acts as legislation. The Apology Resolution was an opinion statement, not a legal one. If you want federal recognition of the kanaka (similar to the Akaka Bill), then the Apology Bill is an olive branch that can be used to start that process. The Apology Bill doesn't legally support the hawaiian independence movement. The U.S. President, Congress and Military never enacted (or admitted) a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Government. The Apology Bill apoligized for the role that some U.S. citzens and expatriates played in the hawaiian revolution that overthrew the monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by a bloodless and peaceful coup of wealthy and powerful haole, who were denizens, citizens and royal subjects, of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The Morgan Report refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing since they didn't participate in the overthrow, support the hawaiian insurgents in any way and didn't act aggressively or violently against the monarchy. The Morgan Report was 1,176 pages of public interviews on all sides, with cross-examination and under oath (which the Blount Report did not do). The Apology Resolution is just a 5 page opinion statement full of 'whereas' clauses. It doesn't even remotely come close to refuting the Morgan Report.
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  1361. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet or Taiwan. Lol
    1
  1362. The missionaries didn't enslave anyone in Hawai'i. Lol
    1
  1363.  @geminikuan  The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch. The Hawaiian Kingdom consistently depended on the help of stronger, more powerful nations. The Kingdom couldn't defend itself against the French Crisis, Russian incursion into Kauai, Captain Lord Paulet's annexation for Britain, Kalākua election riots, Revolution of 1864, Revolution of 1887, and Revolution of 1893. It always required help from foreign powers. Early on, Hawai'i wanted to become a British protectorate. In 1851, during the French Crisis, King Kamehameha III secretly requested annexation by the United States, but (ironically) the U.S. declined. King Kalākaua wanted to make Hawai'i a Japanese protectorate, but the Emperor declined. In 1893, the Provisional Government requested annexation, but the U.S. declined again. In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation by the U.S. (a third time by Hawaii!!!), but this time it accepted. And this was five years after the overthrow. This hardly looks like American aggression. Hawai'i was a feeble country that always needed the protection of a Big Brother. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
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  1364.  @geminikuan  Brah, what part do you disagree with? Go ahead and independently verify everything that you read, see and hear. I expect you to research. Did you think the rebels overthrew Queen Lili'uokalani for no reason,  just out of the blue? No, she attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. Her political opponents found out, organized, mobilized and led a successful counter-revolution to give her one swift kick to the 'okole. She instigated her own overthrow. Lili'uokalani even admitted in her book, Hawaii's Story, that she tried to overthrow the government. She even included a copy of her formal, written testimony to Commissioner Blount that admits the same in an appendix. She tried to make a power play and it blew up in her face. Even worse, she couldn't follow through with her plan, got cold feet and surrendered. Aloha 'Oe.
    1
  1365.  @geminikuan  The Queen admitted that she tried to prorogate the legislature, abrogate the existing constitution, promulgate her own and defend her revolution with military force. Here are quotes form her formal, written testimony to Commissioner Blount, which were also included in Appendix B of her own book, Hawaii's Story. "I told them it was my intention to promulgate a new constitution." "At 12pm, I prorogued the legislature." "Early in January I mentioned to Captain Nowlein of the household guards, and Mr. Wilson the marshall, my intentions to promulgate a new constitution, and to  prepare themselves to quell any riot or outbreak from the opposition. They assured me they would be ready; and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy..." The only native hawaiian historians who push false history are the ones who push their independence propaganda. Hawaii's history is very complex. It's not cut-and-dry, black-and-white. And, no, I'm not a descendant of missionary kids. Lol
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  1366.  @geminikuan  The Queen instigated her own overthrow. She even admitted it in her own testimony and book. The Hawaiian Kingdom was built (from start to finish) by kanaka, westerners and asians. They were kama'āina. Her political opponents found out about her secret plot. Then they organized, mobilized and led a successful counter-revolution to overthrow her. The Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles were denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Kingdom. There were 1,100 - 1,600 armed rebels who took control of the government (not the U.S).  The Queen was definitely concerned about the large, local (hawaiian) insurgent force that assembled to challenge her government. And what happened? She got cold feet, surrendered and yielded control to the rebels (who formed a new government). The U.S. didn't 'invade' Hawai'i. It landed 162 marines and SAILORS (Sailors! Lol) as a peacekeeping force who were given strict orders of neutrality. They didn't actively participate in the revolution. They just chilled in their barracks. That's not an 'invasion' force. Can you name a major battle or war between the U.S. and Hawai'i? Nope.  Captain Wiltse of the U.S.S. Boston gave these instructions to Commander Swinburne of the American troops: You will take command of the battalion and land in Honolulu for the purpose of protecting our legation, consulate, and the lives and property of American citizens, and to assist in preserving public order. Great prudence must be exercised by both officers and men, and no action taken that is not fully warranted by the condition of affairs and by the conduct of those who may be inimical to the treaty rights of American citizens. That's not an invasion plan. Did the American soldiers help the insurgents or engage in any firefights? No, there was no violence against American life or property. There was no civil war requiring their intervention. They maintained their neutrality during a crisis and were successful with their peacekeeping mission. President Cleveland asked Congress to investigate alleged U.S. involvement in the revolution. The Senate Committee on Foreign Relations released the Morgan Report, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing doing. After the report was issued, Cleveland withdrew all his support to reinstate the deposed queen, he reestablished diplomatic relations with the Republic of Hawaii and negotiated treaties with them. Now, if you want a REAL U.S. invasion, then you can look at the invasion of Haiti in 1915. And if you want a REAL Hawaiian invasion, then you can look at how Kemahameha invaded the other islands with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes with a 20 year war campaign. JuiceMedia? That video?😁 My friend, that video is full of historical inaccuracies, half-truths and comedic propaganda. Lol
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  1367. Would you rather be part of Spain? Japan? The U.S. did free the Philippines from the Spanish Empire and liberated it from the Japanese Empire.
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  1368. Of course the United States is legitimate! Lol
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  1369. How did the U.S. 'steal' Hawai'i? Did you think this video was accurate??? Lol
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  1370. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet. The People's Republic of China launched a full scale military invasion to conquer Tibet. Over 3,000 Tibetans were killed, wounded or captured.
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  1371.  @RuffyDM  The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch. How are Tibet and Hawai'i the same?😁
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  1372.  @saikauwe3601  Westerners invented, manufactured, shipped and installed the power generation, distribution and illumination technology/products that were used in 'Iolani Palace. King Kalākaua visited and personally asked Thomas Edison to have his company install electricity into the new palace. Western-operated signal mills on Maui had electricity before the palace. And the Hawaiian Kingdom became very wealthy due to great sugar trade with the United States. Lol. Do we really want to brag about electricity in the palace? That's just signing up for a utility service. Lol
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  1373. Not really. Many U.S. politicians and businesses opposed Hawaiian annexation because of competition with American intetests. The U.S. already had significant sugar production from Louisiana, Texas and Cuba. The British and American traders already worked with Native Hawaiians for 30 years before any missionaries arrived to Hawai'i. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old, ancestral religion, commanded all heiau to be destroyed and terminated the harsh, oppressive kapu religious law six months before the arrival of missionaries. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  1374. How did the missionaries attempt to destroy it culturally? The missionaries taught kanaka maoli how to read and write and better study and share information. A written language is a huge gift... and the road to better and quicker education.
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  1375.  @emmetharrigan5234  The kanaka maoli didn't have a written language. They had a strong oral tradition where knowledge was passed down in chants (oli) and tedious memorization. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old, ancestral religion of the aumakua, commanded that all heiau be destroyed and ended the harsh, oppressive kapu religious law. The feudal caste system and kapu sucked (especially for women). And this all happened six months before the first missionaries arrived to Hawai'i. Hawai'i was greatly influenced by western ideas, but the missionaries had no power to directly force anyone to convert. King Kamehameha II didn't convert because he liked his brandy and five wives. Can't blame him. Lol.
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  1376. The United States didn't massacre Hawai'i. Lol. Chillax. Stop over-exagerating.
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  1377. Red people be like: historical facts are anti-red. Orange people be like: historical facts are anti-orange. Yellow people be like: historical facts are anti-yellow. Green people be like: historical facts are anti-green. Blue people be like: historical facts are anti-blue. Purple people be like: historical facts are anti-purple. Brown people be like: historical facts are anti-brown. Black people be like: historical facts are anti-black.
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  1378. Hawai'i had requested to be annexed by the U.S. on three separate occasions. It also wanted to obtain protectorate status from several different countries: Great Britain, United States and Japan. Do you think the United States shouldn't support/defend allies from aggression in modern politics? Do you think that the U.S. should sit idly while their enemies threaten other countries?
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  1379.  @zhiro_3  White Americans? Lol. King Kamehameha I pursued protectorate status from Great Britain. Then King Kamehameha III pursued protectorate status from the United States and began negotiations for U.S. annexation. Lastly, King Kalākaua pursued protectorate status from Japan. All of those Hawaiian Kings weren't 'white' or American ;) All of this happened before the Revolution of 1893.
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  1380. He skipped over soooo many details. The mo'i, ali'i, konohiki and monarchy weren't innocent anela. They were crooked, too. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  1381. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  1382. Wasn't Canada still part of Great Britain? When did you guys gain independence? British loyalists. Lol. The United States fought the War of 1812 against Great Britain, not Canada. The war was fought on many fronts, involving Great Britain, Spain and some Native American tribes. The primary reason for the war wasn't expansionism. It was about United States anger and disputes over British maritime restrictions (and a few other things). Some considered expansionism as a collateral benefit, a potential spoils of war. The U.S. was deeply divided over whether acquisition of Canada should be an actual goal. The War of 1812 was fought to a stalemate and concluded as such with the Treaty of Ghent. During negotiations, Great Britain strongly advocated for a neutral conclusion (since the war had been costly for both sides and they didn't want to fight anymore). Or did you forget that part? Lol
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  1383. Everyone would be in trouble. Lol. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
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  1384. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
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  1385. James Dole didn't migrate to Hawai'i to start his fruit business until 1899, which was SIX YEARS after the Revolution of 1893. Lol
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  1386. Did you think Native Hawaiians and Native Americans didn't steal from other tribes? King Kamehameha waged a twenty year war to conquer all the islands and create his Kingdom of Hawaii. Every human civilization, in history, has conquered land and expanded. Polynesians expanded across Oceans and fought and warred over land. Hawai'i had an imperialistic and expansionist phase before the Revolution of 1893. It's a very old story. The Aztecs we're happy when they conquered all the other surrounding city-states and built their empire. Then they were sad that the Spanish conquered them. Then the Mexicans were happy that they beat Spain. Then they were sad that the Texans and then the United States beat them.
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  1387. The Japanese looked down on Native Hawaiians because 1) westerners were more advanced and 2) they didn't like how Native Hawaiians surrendered their independence without a fight.
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  1388. Hawai'i is Free.
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  1389. The U.S. never 'stole' Hawai'i. Lol
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  1390.  @winterlilikoi1899  I'm not talking about the Philippines or Puerto Rico, but didn't Spain lose a war to the United States? That's called conquest. The U.S. and Spain fought, the U.S. won and Spain had to cede those territories under the 1898 Treaty of Paris. Did the U.S. physically conquer Hawai'i or take it with military force? Nope. The U.S. didn't fight any wars or battles with the Hawaiian Kingdom.
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  1391.  @winterlilikoi1899  In 1893, Queen Lili'uokalani couldn't amend the Constitution so she planned on terminating the old and proclaiming a new one (on her own), which would strengthen the power of the monarchy. She planned to use her royal military to suppress any opposition. This power grab was illegal and unconstitutional. The Queen's political opponents found out about her secret plan and led a successful counter-revolution to overthrow her, using the Honolulu Rifles (1,000 - 1,600 Hawaiian militiamen). President Cleveland tried to reinstate the deposed queen. The U.S., Great Britain and Japan even sent warships to Hawai'i to visibly prepare for invasion, but the rebels called their bluff and would'nt yield. President Cleveland asked Congress to investigate the alleged U.S. involvement. The U.S. Senate on Foreign Relations released the Morgan Report, which exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing. Even Lili'uokalani admitted that the U.S. soldiers took no active role in the revolution. Cleveland withdrew his support to reinstate the queen, re-established diplomatic relations with the new Republic of Hawaii and negotiated treaties with them. In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation and the U.S. accepted. That wasn't 'stealing'.
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  1392.  @winterlilikoi1899  Kamehameha V overthrew the government in 1864. He prorogated the legislature, abrogated the 1852 Constitution, unilaterally created his own constitution and strengthened his autocratic powers (removed checks and balances, weakened power sharing and strengthened the king to be more like an absolute monarch), which was unconstitutional and illegal. Sound familiar? Queen Lili'uokalani tried to do the same thing. First, she tried to ammend the existing 1887 Constitution, but she repeatedly failed. Her supporters wanted her to do the same as Kamehameha V and just 'proclaim' a new constitution. She drafted the Constitution of 1893, but her Ministers wouldn't sign it because it was illegal and would cause civil unrest (i.e. riots and/or rebellion). Some of her ministers informed her political opponents about her scheme... and the rest is history. The Queen never submitted her Constitution for approval by the Legislature. She just wanted to proclaim the old one was dead and HER new one was the new law of the land, which was very illegal. It was a reckless power grab that cost her the throne. King Kalākaua wasn't physically forced to sign the 1887 Constitution. His political enemies threatened to overthrow him if he didn't make political concessions. His political opponents didn't storm Palace 'Iolani and force him to sign a new constitution. Kalākaua had a weak government. He couldn't defend against their intimidation tactics. Instead of directly dealing with his problem via political negotiation/compromise, police response or military action, he asked his international allies (United States, Great Britain, France, Japan, and Portugal) to help him, but they advised that he agree to the terms set by the Hawaiian League. He capitulated. No one physically put a gun to his head or bayonet to his throat. He conceded in order to save his throne. He didn't assert his authority and defend his government. Kalākaua was already a timid ruler and acted like a figurehead before the Revolution of 1887 even happened. Historically, there have been many civil/uncivil protests/riots/rebellions/revolutions that have changed politics, policy and government. The Right to Revolution goes all the way back to John Locke and even earlier. By its nature, every revolution is 'illegal' from the perspective of the side who lost. If Queen Lili'uokalani was willing to user her royalist military to overthrow the existing government, then it's no surprise that the Committee of Safety used the Honolulu Rifles to overthrow her.
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  1393.  @winterlilikoi1899  How did the U.S. use its military to overthrow the monarchy? The U.S.S. Boston landed 162 marines and sailors who were given strict orders of neutrality as peacekeepers to protect American lives and property (in case there was a bloody rebellion). The U.S. troops marched past 'Iolani Palace, saluted the Queen and lowered their flag as a sign of international neutrality. They didn't actively participate in the revolution. They didn't surround the government, patrol any streets, raid any offices, make any demands, engage in combat or give any material aid to the rebels. They just chilled in their barracks and did nothing. That's not ACTIVE involvement. It's very passive and neutral. Captain Wiltse of the U.S.S. Boston gave these instructions to Commander Swinburne of the American troops: You will take command of the battalion and land in Honolulu for the purpose of protecting our legation, consulate, and the lives and property of American citizens, and to assist in preserving public order. Great prudence must be exercised by both officers and men, and no action taken that is not fully warranted by the condition of affairs and by the conduct of those who may be inimical to the treaty rights of American citizens. Both sides (rebels and royalists) provided no statements or evidence that the Americans did anything to actively overthrow the hawaiian queen. By all accounts, they were chilling in their barracks... doing nothing. Meanwhile, the Committee of Safety had 1,100 - 1,600 Honolulu Rifle militiamen who were actively rebelling against a queen who attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. They had raided the local armory and were intent on overthrowing her. Her own countrymen actively overthrew her in a local coup.
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  1394.  @winterlilikoi1899  - The U.S. landed only 162 marines and sailors. That's a small force. They had a PASSIVE influence on the revolution. The Honolulu Rifles consisted of 1,100 - 1,600 militiamen who had raided a local armory. The Hawaiian insurgents were 6-10 times larger than the U.S. side. Historical records show that they were also given strict commands of neutrality. The Hawaiian rebel force was very large and dangerous, on its own. The records show that the U.S. soldiers 1) marched past 'Iolani Palace, 2) saluted the Queen, 3) lowered their flags as a sign of international neutrality, 4) retired to their barracks and 5) did nothing intimidating or threatening That's the historical record. Being there and doing nothing is non-threatening. What exactly was she concerned or threatened by? Oh yeah, she tried to lead her own revolution to overthrow the government, strengthen her power and use her royal military to suppress opposition. That's not a good 'look' for her. The Committee of Safety didn't force her to try and make an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. She gave her political enemies all the rope needed to hang her out to dry. That's on her. - The Honolulu Rifles (who were very well trained) had a militia force of about 1,100 - 1,600 men (who were well supplied and had raided a local armory). That, on the other hand, is a LARGE armed insurgency. Queen Lili'uokalani wouldn't have been able to "easily put down" the rebellion. The royalists had about 950 men, with about a dozen artillery pieces and a gatling gun. Queen Lili'uokalani could've TRIED to defend her government from the revolution. It would've been a bloody battle, for sure. After realizing this, she got cold feet and surrendered. She thought (hoped) President Harrison or her good friend Grover Cleveland (president-elect who would take office in six weeks) would restore her government. Wishful thinking. That was a grave miscalculation. She thought the U.S. would fight her battle. However, it was her responsibility to defend her government, but she didn't. What's more terrifying? 162 non-threatening soldiers? Or 1,100 - 1,600 well armed, angry militiamen who have assembled to overthrow her? Or did Lili'uokalani perceive the Americans as a threat because she DID actually try to overthrow the government and was acting a bit tyrannical??? - Queen Lili'uokalani didn't have to raise an army. She had her royal military, which is different from the Honolulu Rifles. Btw, the Honolulu Rifles were created by the Hawaiian Kingdom. Kalākaua even gave them their name. The Honolulu Rifles turned on the Monarchy when the Kalākaua regime became corrupt and mired in scandals. Lili'uokalani was also very critical of her brother. The Committee of Safety and Lili'uokalani both had sizable forces available to them. - In 1895, Robert Wilcox led a counter-revolution against the new government, but the royalists were defeated. The new government defended it's power and cemented its control over the country. Lili'uokalani was arrested for supporting the counter-revolutionaries. They weren't afraid of fighting at that point. In 1893, Queen Lili'uokalani got cold feet. She wasn't military trained, like Kalākaua, and she wasn't a warrior chief, like Kamehameha. She was soft. She couldn't make the hard decisions to defend her power. After she was overthrown and realized that somebody else wasn't going to magically restore her power, she allowed Wilcox to fight back. (And, btw, Robert Wilcox was extremely critical of Lili'uokalani and Kalākaua before the 1893 revolution - Lol, it's a mess). - All revolutions, by definition, are illegal. Kamehameha V overthrew the government in 1864 (illegal). The Hawaiian League overthrew the government in 1887 (illegal). Queen Lili'uokalani attempted to overthrow the government in 1893 (illegal). The Committee of Safety overthrew the government in response to Lili'uokalani (illegal). If Lili'uokalani attempted to overthrow the government, do you think her political enemies should've just given her a pass, let her off the hook and let her remain Queen? That would've been a ridiculous move, from their perspective. - I agree, Kalākaua was threatened to sign the 1887 Constitution (many people think he was forced, which is historically wrong). He didn't fight back. He didn't get help from his allies (they told him to yield). Kalākaua gave up and agreed to the League's terms to save his job. That rests squarely on his shoulders. He gave up. The U.S. military didn't actively partake in that revolution either. As you can see, there was social and political turmoil before the Revolution of 1893. And the Hawaiian League had sizable forces to coerce government changes (without U.S. intervention). Queen Lili'uokalani would obviously remember what happened to her brother. After the Revolution of 1887, the Monarchy was even weaker, now that the League had amassed more power and control. She knew that if she fought the Committee of Safety, then she would probably lose and her Monarchy would be done. She wasn't a fighter, so she had to surrender and HOPE that someone else (U.S. President Cleveland, British Minister Wodehouse, Wilcox, or someone else) would save her. Do you actually think that Lili'uokalani believed that she could win IF the U.S. soldiers weren't there? Do you think she would've welcomed a civil war? She wasn't a wartime caliber leader. She didn't like bloodshed and death. Kamehameha would've gone down fighting.
    1
  1395. James Dole didn't even migrate to Hawai'i to start his fruit business until 1899, which was six years after the Revolution of 1893 and one year after the annexation of 1898. Lol
    1
  1396. It's even more inaccurate, misleading and full of propaganda.
    1
  1397. Hawai'i wasn't colonized.
    1
  1398. There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 ✔✔✔
    1
  1399. And, no, Larsen v Hawaiian Kingdom didn't prove anything about alleged perpetuity of the former country. The PCA Tribunal quickly dismissed the case and gave zero arbitration award. Lol
    1
  1400. Hawai'i is nothing like Ukraine. The United States didn't fight any wars or battles against the Hawaiian Kingdom. There's no historical evidence that the U.S. soldiers participated in the Revolution of 1893.
    1
  1401. You sure? The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1402. The Great Mahele of 1848 was the biggest land policy failure of Hawaiian Kingdom history. The king, ali'i and konohiki screwed over the maka'ainana and took all the land for themselves. Only less than 1% of the maka'ainana were able to claim land, which was about 30,000 acres. The powerful kanaka monarchy and nobility class got 4 million acres. 1 million for the King, 1.5 million for the government and 1.5 million for the nobility. Even worse, the kanaka elitists mismanaged their finances and sold off a great deal of land to foreigners to repay debts. The allodial land rights were designed to protect powerful kanaka while the actual land policies screwed over the common folk, the real hawaiians, the ones who actually managed and cultivated the land for generations. There are many protesters who complain about their "allodial" rights because they're hungry for a huge windfall based on genealogical claim... because their ancestors exploited their own people for great personal gain. The feudal lords of chiefdom days became the royal nobility of the Hawaiian Kingdom. And the exploitation didn't stop. The Great Mahele was a Great Crime of kanaka-on-kanaka fraud. The āina is life, mana, wealth, prosperity and happiness. The kanaka royalty and nobility classes stole all the land and screwed over the commoners, who had tended the ahupua'a for generations. They put native hawaiians behind the eight ball.
    1
  1403.  @ceruleanprince7139  And how was the Kingdom of Hawai'i created? The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  1404. There's huge differences between Native Hawaiians and Native Americans. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet ;)
    1
  1405. The U.S. didn't 'steal' Hawai'i and there was no bloodshed. The U.S. didn't fight any wars or battles with the Hawaiian Kingdom. Lol
    1
  1406. Hawai'i is not like Tibet.
    1
  1407. How was Hawai'i a U.S. colony if the Organic Act of 1900 granted all Hawaiian residents U.S. constitutional rights and allowed them to form a local self-government?
    1
  1408.  @atatkk  Hawai'i is an invaluable strategic location for economic, political and military power in the Pacific. It's vital for foreign policy and national security. We have many major military bases there. It would be foolish to give it up. Obviously. Also, an independent, sovereign Hawai'i would be unable to defend itself from more powerful aggressors, such as China and Russia. They would love to have Hawai'i. The United States wouldn't annex Taiwan because it might start a war with China. And China won't annex it because it might start a war with the U.S. ;)
    1
  1409.  @Zerpentsa6598  The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1410.  @Zerpentsa6598  The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  1411. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet.
    1
  1412. The United States didn't commit any 'atrocities' in Hawai'i. You didn't learn about it, because it didn't happen.
    1
  1413. Queen Lili'uokalani tried to prorogate the legislature, abrogate the existing constitution, unilaterally create her OWN constitution, strengthen her autocratic powers and defend her revolution with military force (which was highly illegal and unconstitutional)... but people (denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom) found out about her secret plot, organized, mobilized and overthrew her with a successful counter-revolution. The Hawaiian Kingdom is dead. It became the Republic of Hawaii, then a U.S. Territory and, finally, 93% of hawaiians voted to become a State.
    1
  1414. Johny Harris needs to do better research. Queen Lili'uokalani instigated her own overthrow after she attempted to prorogate the legislature, abrogate the existing constitution, unilaterally create her own constitution, strengthen her autocratic powers and defend her revolution with her royal guard. She admitted to this in her formal testimony to Commissioner Blount and even in her own autobiography, Hawaii's Story. She made an illegal and unconstitutional power grab.
    1
  1415. No it's not. This video was full of misinformation, half-truths and propaganda.
    1
  1416.  Teofilo L  Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet.
    1
  1417. Enslaved the Hawaiian people???How did the United Stated 'enslave' the Hawaiian people?!?!😂
    1
  1418. ... Except the U.S. never stole Hawai'i. Queen Lili'uokalani instigated her own overthrow when she tried to prorogate the legislature, abdicate the existing constitution, unilaterally create her own constitution, strengthen her autocratic powers and defend her revolution with military force (all highly unconstitutional and illegal). Her political opponents found out, led a successful counter-revolution and overthrew her. She was later arrested, tried for treason, imprisoned under house arrest in 'Iolani Palace (luxury suite), forced to abdicate the throne and retired with a nice pension on her personal estate. Aloha 'Oe.
    1
  1419. The United States didn't steal Hawai'i. Lol And Native American tribes stole land from other Native American tribes.
    1
  1420. The U.S. didn't terrorize Hawai'i. Lol
    1
  1421. Do you guys want a huge increase of unregulated and uncontrolled immigration into your country? How would you pay for the integration of so many extra people? How would you ensure the proper assimilation of so many extra illegal immigrants? Those are fair questions.
    1
  1422. Hawai'i was nothing like Crimea. Lol. The United States didn't fight any wars or battles against the Hawaiian Kingdom. Russia went to war to annex Crimea.
    1
  1423.  Durian Durian  Hawai'i was never colonized.
    1
  1424.  @Sevenseasick  The kanaka, westerners and asians were all denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom. They were all kama'āina who lived, had families, worked, paid taxes and built the Hawaiian Kingdom from start to finish. The 'Americans' didn't suddenly show up and overthrow the Queen. The Queen tried an unconstitutional and illegal power grab. She instigated her own overthrow. Her own subjects led a counter-revolution to depose her, end the monarchy and establish a republic. The concept of protectorates and annexation was nothing new for the Hawaiian Kingdom. It tried to obtain protectorate status from Great Britain, the United States and Japan. In 1851, during the French Crisis, King Kamehameha III secretly requested annexation by the United States, but (ironically) U.S. Secretary of State Webster declined. The Hawaiian Kingdom recognized that it needed a strong Big Brother to protect it. Even President Cleveland referred to it as a 'feeble' country.
    1
  1425.  @Bugbzyyx   Was that your weak clapback? Or just a weak counterargument? Johnny Harris needs to cope. He has sh*t research and critical thinking skills. Lol
    1
  1426. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet. Lol
    1
  1427. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet or Taiwan.
    1
  1428. Did you also learn that Queen Lili'uokalani attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab that led to her overthrow? Or that the Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles (a local militia of 1,100 - 1,600 men) overthrew the monarchy? And that the U.S. soldiers played no active role in the Revolution of 1893?
    1
  1429. The Hawaiian Kingdom was a weak country that consistently depended on the help of stronger, more powerful nations. The Kingdom couldn't defend itself against the French Crisis, Russian incursion into Kauai, Captain Lord Paulet's annexation for Britain, Kalākua election riots, Revolution of 1864, Revolution of 1887, and Revolution of 1893. It always required help from foreign powers. Early on, Hawai'i wanted to become a British protectorate. In 1851, during the French Crisis, King Kamehameha III secretly requested annexation by the United States, but (ironically) the U.S. declined. King Kalākaua wanted to make Hawai'i a Japanese protectorate, but the Emperor declined. In 1893, the Provisional Government requested annexation, but the U.S. declined again. In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii requested annexation by the U.S. (a third time by Hawaii!!!), but this time it accepted. And this was five years after the overthrow. This hardly looks like American aggression. Hawai'i was a feeble country that always needed the protection of a Big Brother.
    1
  1430. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1431. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
    1
  1432. Hawai'i was never a U.S. colony.
    1
  1433. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1434. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1435. Too bad, most of it wasn't true. This video was full of historical inaccuracies, half truths and propaganda. It wasn't an objective review of Hawaiian history.
    1
  1436. James Dole didn't migrate to Hawai'i to start his fruit business until 1899, which was one year after Annexation of 1898 and six years after the Revolution of 1893. He was sixteen and living in Boston when the Queen was overthrown. Lol
    1
  1437. Mexico is just the offspring of an imperialist country (Spain), just like the United States is the offspring of another imperial country (Great Britain). Children sometimes don't like one another ;)
    1
  1438.  @joshuaaguilar8631  Mexico lost a war to the United States. They couldn't defend it's territory from the Comanche and they couldn't defeat the Texans. Mexico celebrated when they defeated Spain, but they lost to the U.S. Sometimes you win and sometimes you lose. Deal with it. Do you think you're really in a position to sh*t talk when you lost 1/3rd of your country? I'll put that honey in my tea. Thank You! Lol
    1
  1439. Same story in the Asian continent, too ;)
    1
  1440. You thought it was well researched?😕
    1
  1441. Hawai'i was never colonized.
    1
  1442. 'Blue eyed devil'? That's some racist nonsense. Lol
    1
  1443. Many U.S. politicians and businesses opposed Hawaiian annexation because of competition with American intetests. The U.S. already had significant sugar production from Louisiana, Texas and Cuba. The British and American traders already worked with Native Hawaiians for 30 years before any missionaries arrived to Hawai'i. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old, ancestral religion, commanded all heiau to be destroyed and terminated the harsh, oppressive kapu religious law six months before the arrival of missionaries. And, no, there wasn't any 'cultural' genocide. Please don't misuse the word 'genocide'.
    1
  1444. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet, Hong Kong or Taiwan.
    1
  1445. This wasn't at all a fair or culturally sensitive summary of mo'olelo hawai'i. There's a great deal of misinformation, historical inaccuracies, half truths and propaganda. Much history has been intentionally omitted. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1446. Does it talk about how Queen Lili'uokalani attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab, which instigated her overthrow?
    1
  1447. Politically, the Apology Resolution was intended to help pave the way for federal tribal recognition of the Native Hawaiian people, just like the Native Americans. Legally, it had no effect on any settlement against the United States and didn't alter or modify the purity of land title own by the State of Hawaii. The Apology Bill doesn't support the hawaiian independence activists desire for secession and sovereignty. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the resolution was written with conciliatory and precatory language, not legal language that confers rights or acts as legislation. The Apology Resolution was an opinion statement, not a legal one. If you want federal recognition of the kanaka (similar to the Akaka Bill), then the Apology Bill is an olive branch that can be used to start that process. The Apology Bill doesn't legally support the hawaiian independence movement. The U.S. President, Congress and Military never enacted (or admitted) a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Government. The Apology Bill apoligized for the role that some U.S. citzens and expatriates played in the hawaiian revolution that overthrew the monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by a bloodless and peaceful coup of wealthy and powerful haole, who were denizens, citizens and royal subjects, of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The Morgan Report refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing since they didn't participate in the overthrow, support the hawaiian insurgents in any way and didn't act aggressively or violently against the monarchy. The Morgan Report was 1,176 pages of public interviews on all sides, with cross-examination and under oath (which the Blount Report did not do). The Apology Resolution is just a 5 page opinion statement full of 'whereas' clauses. It doesn't even remotely come close to refuting the Morgan Report.
    1
  1448. During World War II, Imperial Japan invaded many island nations and they were cruel to the indigenous people. During the late 1800s, many Japanese intellectuals considered the Native Hawaiians as inferior and they didn't like how they surrendered their country to the rebels.
    1
  1449. Tibet was nothing like Hawai'i. China launched a REAL military invasion and conquered Tibet. Many Tibetans were killed and wounded.
    1
  1450. The United States didn't steal Hawai'i. They didn't fight any wars or battles with the Hawaiian Kingdom.
    1
  1451.  @yazuki1185  Yeah, I watched this video. It's full of historical inaccuracies, half truths and propaganda. Queen Lili'uokalani tried an illegal and unconstitutional powergrab. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature, unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893.
    1
  1452.  @yazuki1185  The Committee of Safety used the Honolulu Rifles to overthrow the Queen. The Rifles were a local Hawaiian militia force consisting of 1,100 - 1,600 armed men. The U.S. landed only 162 soldiers (marines and SAILORS) as a neutral, peacekeeping force to protect American lives and interests. Queen Lili'uokalani, the royalists, the rebels and the American soldiers all testified that the U.S. military didn't actively participate in the Revolution of 1893. They didn't surround the capitol, patrol any streets, raid any government buildings, engage in any combat or provide any material support to the rebels. The American soldiers marched past 'Iolani Palace, lowered their flag as an international sign of neutrality, saluted the Queen and retired to their barracks. The Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles consisted of denizens/citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom. Queen Lili'uokalani attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab. Her political opponents found out and overthrew her instead. The rebels set up a new government and later requested annexation by the United States in 1893 and again in 1898.
    1
  1453. The telegraph was invented in 1837 and the monarchy was overthrown in 1893. Most of the world knew about Hawai'i. And, no, the United States didn't steal it.
    1
  1454. Stupid comment. Lol
    1
  1455. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
    1
  1456. There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 ✔✔✔
    1
  1457. The U.S. Constitution doesn't define how the country is to annex foreign land, which is still true, even today. President Thomas Jefferson, Architect of the Constitution, ran into this same exact problem when he tried to aquire the Lousiana Territory. He quickly observed that the Constitution didn't define the process or enumerate the powers to annex foreign land. He wanted to add an Amendment to the Constitution to define the procedure. However, the Senate blocked him, preferred to loosely interpret the constitution, and thought a treaty was good enough. Since the constitution was never ammended, the same loose interpretation allows a treaty, joint resolution or other legal agreement mechanism to be used to annex foreign land.
    1
  1458. The President cannot declare war. Only Congress has that power and they made no such declaration. President Harrison was in office during the overthrow and he never declared it as an 'act of war'. Cleveland didn't assume office until six weeks later after the overthrow. Harrison was pro-annexation. Cleveland was anti-annexation. And President McKinley was pro-annexation. President Cleveland only had an opinion that it was an 'act of war', but there was no actual war between the United States and Hawai'i. The Senate Committee on Foreign Relations released the Morgan Report, which exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing. Cleveland then withdrew all his support to reinstate Lili'uokalani, continued diplomatic relations with the Republic of Hawaii and negotiated treaties with them.
    1
  1459. Robert Wilcox led a counter-revolution in 1895, but the royalists were defeat in several battles. The new government defended its power and cemented its control over the country.
    1
  1460. Hawai'i isn't like Tibet. Lol
    1
  1461.  @huskybluestv5483  The United States never fought any major battles or wars with the Hawaiian Kingdom. The 162 U.S. marines and SAILORS (Lol) were landed under strict orders of neutrality as peacekeepers. They didn't actively participate in the Revolution of 1893. They didn't surround any buildings, raid any offices, patrol any streets, engage in any fire fights or provide any material support to the Hawaiian insurgents. Meanwhile, the People's Republic of China launched a full scale military invasion and conquered Tibet. There were 3,000 Tibetans who were killed, wounded or captured. Later, another 200,000 - 1,000,000 Tibetans died from the Great Leap Forward, which was the worst man-made famine in history.
    1
  1462. The United States didn't steal Hawai'i. China stole Tibet and wants to steal Taiwan.
    1
  1463. Brah, the U.S. didn't commit genocide in Hawai'i. Native Hawaiians and Native Americans have very different stories. They're not the same. Lol
    1
  1464.  @winterlilikoi1899  My guy, 'genocide' is a very SERIOUS word. People often misuse it. You're grossly abusing the word 'genocide' with your 'cultural' adjective. Genocide is a serious thing. Part C of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide (1948) states that deliberate actions need to be taken to bring about the physical destruction in whole or in part. There needs to be premeditation with direct intent to destroy a people. The United States did not commit any genocide in Hawai'i. If you want REAL genocide, then you can look at Armenia, Holocaust, Cambodia, Rwanda, Bosnia, or Darfur. Some people slap adjectives onto genocide, such as 'cultural' genocide, but that's a disrespectful bastardization of the word. You cheapen the word by misusing it. Furthermore, there was no deliberate destruction of the beautiful kanaka culture. There was no deliberate killing of the kanaka - no real genocide. However, the Hawaiian culture was affected by Western social, religious, political, economic and military ideas. Kamehameha had help from Western weapons and advisors when he conquered all the islands. Also, he fought a long war for over a decade to force his enemies to submit to his rule. He conquered the island chiefdoms and stole their land. During the Battle of Nu'uanu, many were slaughtered by cannon fire (huge advantage). Kamehameha and his na ali'i koa forced his enemies off the Pali where they fell to their deaths. In 1898, people found 800 skulls of the Oahu warriors that were killed. Is that not an atrocity? Kamehameha stole the aina and mana of other islanders. Is that not a war crime? Should the international community intervene to restore the eight islands back to their chiefdom glory? Kamehameha was an imperialist who took from others with force and built the Hawaiian Kingdom on sand soaked in kanaka blood. People often selectively choose what parts of history they acknowledge. They're willfully ignorant of the unpleasant parts. The United States incorporate and assimilate the Hawaiian people and culture, which is normal when any two cultures combine. What did King Kamehameha II do? He banned the kapu system and the ancestral religion (six months before the arrival of missionaries). He forbade those practices. He also commanded the destruction of all the heiau. Did a Hawaiian King erase part of their culture? Yes. The kapu system was a terrible system and the kanaka are better off without it. Hawaiian Kings also banned hula (and later revived it). They also transitioned almost all medium schools to english-only, full immersion schools before the overthrow happened. The Hawaiian Kingdom enacted an education policy to teach its students only in English. It's a huge myth that the Hawaiian language was banned/eradicated by the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii or United States. The Hawaiian Kingdom enacted an education policy that highly favored English before the overthrow of the monarchy in 1893. King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1855): "To foster education and widen every channel that leads to knowledge, is one of our most imperative duties... It is of the highest importance, in my opinion, that education in the English language should become more general, for it is my firm conviction that unless my subjects become educated in this tongue, their hope of intellectual progress, and of meeting the foreigners on terms of equality, is a vain one." King Kamehameha IV stated in His Majesty's Speech at the Opening of the Legislature (1856) that he was satisfied with the Board of Education's progress on English instruction "It is particularly gratifying to know that instruction in the English language is prosecuted with so much success among my native subjects. I recommend you to make as liberal a provision for the support of this class of schools as the state of my Treasury will admit." And this Hawaiian Kingdom Policy was very successful in adopting the English language as the main language of education and instruction. 1881: 66% English, 33% Hawaiian 1887: 84% English,16% Hawaiian 1892: 95% English, 5% Hawaiian 1896: 97% English, 3% Hawaiian
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  1465.  @winterlilikoi1899  - Just because somebody coined a phrase 70 years ago, that doesn't mean that the phrase is correct. Genocide is the most serious crime that people can commit against other people. Obviously, we cheapen the word by reducing to to weaker and less heinous definition. We can talk about 'cultural' genocide, 'environmental' genocide, 'occupational' genocide, 'culinary' genocide or any other <insert adjective> genocide you want, but they're all cheaper, lesser versions of a far more real and serious crime. People like to slap the word 'genocide' to artificially inflate the seriousness of their point (similar to how people misuse the word 'rape'). genocide - the deliberate killing of a large number of people from a particular nation or ethnic group with the aim of destroying that nation or group Now, for sake of argument, let's talk about 'cultural genocide'. Did the U.S. deliberately destroy a large portion of Native Hawaiian culture with the intent of destroying the Native Hawaiian culture? No. It's going to be much harder to prove 'cultural genocide' than it is to prove real genocide. - People want to avoid and deflect from how the Hawaiian Kingdom was created. They like to complain about the 'military invasion, 'occupation' and 'war crimes' that allegedly (and ridiculously) were committed by the United States. The U.S. never conquered Hawai'i. The Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles led a revolution to overthrow the monarchy. The Revolution of 1893 was a birthday candle compared to Kamehameha's violent, lengthy war campaign. People will complain about U.S. imperialism, but the Hawaiian Kingdom was founded by a warlord and imperialist. Next, people want 'justice' to be given for only certain historical grievance, despite the long chain of wrongs. The Committee of Safety overthrew the monarchy after Queen Lili'uokalani attempted to overthrow the 1887 Constitution, after the Hawaiian League overthrew the 1864 Constitution, after King Kamehameha V overthrew the 1852 Constitution, after Kamehameha I conquered all the island chiefdoms, after the chiefs fought over a hundred years of episodic warfare of āina, mana and wealth, after the Tahitians took control of the islands from the Marquesians who were the aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. There's a long list of human grievances that stretches across humanity. However, people selectively choose to stop the blame game conveniently before Kamehameha, the Warlord, the Imperialist, the man who used war and violence to create HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. Kamehameha isn't ancient history. By 1810, he had unified Hawai'i. That's modern history. And it was well documented, especially with regards to the established boundaries, kingdoms and their ruling Mo'i. Lastly, what's good for the goose is good for the gander. Throughout Hawaii's history, everyone has played a game of power. Kamehameha, Kamehameha V, the Hawaiian League, Queen Lili'uokalani, and the Committee of Safety all struggled for power, which is human nature. When Kamehameha conquered all the islands and created his Kingdom, he celebrated. When Lili'uokalani was overthrown and lost the monarchy, she lamented. Winners like to win, losers hate to lose. - I didn't contradict myself when I said that the U.S. incorporated and assimilated Hawai'i to create a new culture. assimilate - to absorb into the cultural tradition of a population or group The U.S. had to absorb Hawaiian Culture and vice versa within the Territory. Naturally, the U.S. had to integrate and incorporate the new Territory/State into its social structure (government, economics, etc). However, the U.S. didn't destroy the Hawaiian culture. Did the U.S. destroy the cultures of Italians, Irish, German, Dutch, China, and Japanese? Nope, many were naturally integrated and incorporated into the U.S.
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  1466.  @winterlilikoi1899  - We know a great deal about the general boundaries of the major chiefdoms that existed before Kamehameha conquered all of Hawai'i. By 1810, Kamehameha had 'unified' all of Hawai'i through war, conquest and intimidation. That's recent, modern history. The missionaries arrived in 1819, taught kanaka maoli how to read and write and a great deal of oral history was recorded. Also, we have the journals and records of many westerners, such as Isaac Davis and John Young. We know that, Kahekili ruled O'ahu, Maui, Moloka'i, and Lana'i, and controlled Kaua'i and Ni'ihau via a tributary agreement with his half-brother Ka'eokulani. If we insist upon restoring Hawai'i back to 'righteousness', then why stop at the Hawaiian Kingdom. Many kanaka hated Kamehameha because he CONQUERED them and they lost their āina, mana and wealth; nobody likes to lose. Independence activists like to falsely cry that Hawai'i was stolen by U.S. military invasion and occupation, but they conveniently ignore that the Hawaiian Kingdom was created by a bonified Warlord, Imperialist and Conqueror through War and Violence. They selectively want to stop the chain of 'Justice' at the point that is most advantageous to their political and personal benefit - the Hawaiian Kingdom - while ignoring all of Kamehameha's ill-gotten gains and spoils of war. That's selective justice and moral hypocrisy. Only Japan and its Allies can determine whether China can conquer Japan. Queen Lili'uokalani attempted an illegal power grab, got cold feet, wasn't willing to fight to defend her power and lost control of the country. The Hawaiian Kingdom's allies also weren't willing to fight on their behalf. Politics and power schemes are a dangerous game to play. Lili'uokalani clearly lost. - After Captain Cook visited Hawai'i in 1778, Hawaiian culture began to change due to western influence (economic, education, religious, political and military). For example, Westerners broke kapu several times and they didn't suffer any disastrous punishment by the gods, which made kanaka take kapu less seriously. This (among many other reasons) helped lead to the end of the kapu system. Queen Kaʻahumanu wanted similar social and political privileges for woman as western women, so she convinced her son (King Kamehameha II) to terminate the kapu system.
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  1467.  @winterlilikoi1899  By 1892 (one year before the Revolution of 1893), NINETY FIVE PERCENT (95%) of all schools were English-only, full immersion schools based on the Hawaiian Kingdom's long-term education policy, setup by Hawaiian Kings. This policy made English the primary language of instruction. There was no 'ban' created by the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii or United States. Japanese, Chinese, German, Portuguese and other children were also exclusively taught in English in Hawai'i. The Hawaiian Kingdom enacted an education policy that transitioned from Native Hawaiian medium schools to English-only immersion schools. Many people don't know about (or blatantly ignore) the English initiatives of the King and Legislature. In 1882, the Board of Education implemented a policy where all academic subjects were to be taught only in English and all other languages were discouraged (Kanaka, Japanese, Portuguese, Filipino, etc). They believed that total immersion would lead to quicker English language proficiency. Between 1834-1948, there were over 100 different Hawaiian language newspapers. Furthermore, some Hawaiian newspapers actively opposed the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and the Annexation. There wasn't a public-wide ban of the 'olelo. The 'olelo was not used for formal school instruction (based on Hawaiian Kingdom long-term policy), but the Hawaiian Language was still available as an elective course at the high school level. More importantly, the language wasn't 'banned' in private and other public spaces. If the ohana didn't pass on the 'olelo hawai'i to their keike, then that's on them. Culture and language always starts at home. The Japanese penal contract laborers endured truly harsh social, economic and political conditions and disadvantages. However, they were able to maintain their native language with community support and secondary language schools. Meanwhile, the kanaka voluntarily allowed their language to dwindle for various reasons (more advantageous and beneficial, Hawaiian Kingdom policy, perceived shame of speaking native tongue, embracing Western ideals, modernization, etc). Using English-only, immersion instruction isn't the same as a ban. Encouraging students to speak more English at home isn't the same as a ban. There was no law enacted by the U.S. that actively and directly banned the Native Hawaiian language. It's unsubstantiated propaganda. Historically, there's nothing to back up any real 'ban'.
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  1468. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet, Hong Kong or Taiwan. The U.S. didn't fight any wars or battles with the Hawaiian Kingdom.
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  1469. Meh, it's full of historical inaccuracies, half-truths and propaganda. If you love history, culture and sociology, then this vid was like reading a cheap tabloid.
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  1470. The Native Americans consisted of many tribes who inflicted war, violence and genocide upon one another and fought to conquer/steal land BEFORE any Europeans even visited the continent. No one ethnic group has de facto ownership of the land. Every civilization has done many great and awful things, you only need to open up their history book. The Native Americans aren't innocent victims who were living harmoniously with one another during the pre-columbian period. The Native Americans didn't peacefully acquire land from one another. That being said.... The United States didn't 'steal' Hawai'i. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The United States never fought any wars or battles with the Hawaiian Kingdom or the kanaka maoli.
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  1471.  @redsoil2495  Queen Lili'uokalani attempted to prorogate the existing legislature, abrogate the existing constitution, unilaterally create her own, strengthen her autocratic powers and defend her revolution with her royal forces, which was unconstitutional and illegal. Hawai'i was a multiethnic, multiracial and multicultural society. There were many American and European Hawaiian citizens who were members of the Hawaiian Kingdom government. How do you think they reacted when they found out the Queen was making a power play? They overthrew her with a successful counter-revolution. Some Native Hawaiians also participated. By definition, ALL revolutions are illegal. The Queen played with fire and got burned. The American Colonists revolted against the British Empire, which was also illegal. It's also no different than the Hawaiian Revolution of 1893. The Hawaiian rebels were in control of all government. Later, they solidified their power when they defeated the Wilcox counter-revolution in 1895. The Republic of Hawaii was the government and the Annexation was legal. Lastly, the Supreme Court vs Office of Hawaiian Affairs ruled that the Apology Resolution was just an opinion statement and it had no legal impact on U.S. territorial claims. Many Presidents have had different opinions about Hawaii. The Apology Resolution has no legal ramifications. It was just another opinion.
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  1472.  @redsoil2495  Kamehameha V overthrew the government in 1864. He prorogated the legislature, abrogated the 1852 Constitution, unilaterally created his own constitution and strengthened his autocratic powers (removed checks and balances, weakened power sharing and strengthened the king to be more like an absolute monarch), which was unconstitutional and illegal. Sound familiar? Queen Lili'uokalani tried to do the same thing. First, she tried to ammend the existing 1887 Constitution, but she repeatedly failed. Her supporters wanted her to do the same as Kamehameha V and just 'proclaim' a new constitution. She drafted the Constitution of 1893, but her Ministers wouldn't sign it because it was illegal and would cause civil unrest (i.e. riots and/or rebellion). Some of her ministers informed her political opponents about her scheme... and the rest is history. The Queen never submitted her Constitution for approval by the Legislature. She just wanted to proclaim the old one was dead and HER new one was the new law of the land, which was very illegal. It was a reckless power grab that cost her the throne. The Hawaiian Kingdom Constitution of 1864 had income requirements, property requirements and a voter test. It disenfranchised voting rights for many people, especially poor kanaka and asians Article 62: Every male subject of the Kingdom, who shall have paid his taxes, who shall have attained the age of twenty years, and shall have been domiciled in the Kingdom for one year immediately preceding the election; and shall be possessed of Real Property in this Kingdom, to the value over and above all incumbrances of One Hundred and Fifty Dollars of a Lease-hold property on which the rent is Twenty-five Dollars per year --or of an income of not less than Seventy-five Dollars per year , derived from any property or some lawful employment , and shall know how to read and write , if born since the year 1840...
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  1473.  @redsoil2495  King Kalākaua wasn't physically forced to sign the 1887 Constitution. His political enemies threatened to overthrow him if he didn't make political concessions. His political opponents didn't storm Palace 'Iolani and force him to sign a new constitution. Kalākaua had a weak government. He couldn't defend against their intimidation tactics. Instead of directly dealing with his problem via political negotiation/compromise, police response or military action, he asked his international allies (United States, Great Britain, France, Japan, and Portugal) to help him, but they advised that he agree to the terms set by the Hawaiian League. He capitulated. No one physically put a gun to his head or bayonet to his throat. He conceded in order to save his throne. He didn't assert his authority and defend his government. Kalākaua was already a timid ruler and acted like a figurehead before the Revolution of 1887 even happened. Historically, there have been many civil/uncivil protests/riots/rebellions/revolutions that have changed politics, policy and government. The Right to Revolution goes all the way back to John Locke and even earlier. By its nature, every revolution is 'illegal' from the perspective of the side who lost. Kalākaua definitely was compromised by a revolution and made concessions. He gave up power. The Queen and Hui Kālaiʻāina opposed the 1887 Constitution. They wanted to amend it and regain power. They organized a petition for a new constitution. Lili'uokalani claimed that "out of a possible 9500 registered voters, 6500, or two-thirds, had signed these petitions" and she couldn't ignore their request and be "deaf to the voice of the people, which tradition tells us is the voice of God." Unfortunately, the petitions have been lost to history, only a small, incomplete part remains. Queen Lili'uokalani repeatedly tried to ammend the 1887 Constitution, but all her efforts failed. So she tried a very risky and illegal move. She wanted to abrogate the existing constitution, prorogate the legislature, unilaterally make her own, promulgate it via (magical) royal proclamation and defend her revolution with the military. This was very illegal and unconstitutional. And it backfired on her - very badly. She instigated her own overthrow. She used the 'will of the people' as a pretense for a power grab. History repeats itself, but sometimes with different outcomes. The path to hell is paved with good intentions.
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  1474.  @redsoil2495  No, the Apology Resolution only admits that this was an opinion of the United States executive and legislative branch of 1993. It doesn't change anything from a legal perspective since it lacks teeth. The wording was very wishy washy. Therefore, the apology isn't actually an admission. If the 2023 U.S. government wanted to vote on this, you might get a different opinion, a different resolution. The Apology Resolution dared not to refute the Morgan Report (kind of a glaring omission if they were truly sorry). The Provisional Government of 1893 was illegitimate, since it was a revolution. However, Queen Lili'uokalani did abdicate the throne and swear a loyalty oath. Power was transferred. Wilcox tried to lead a counter-revolution, but they were defeated. The Republic of Hawaii then cemented it's power. Through revolution, power transfers and defense, it became legitimate. Illegitimate governments can eventually become legitimate. Revolutions work like that.
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  1475. Hawai'i was never colonized.
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  1476. Hawai'i is free :)
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  1477.  @qiqiauclair2894  Hawai'i was never colonized. Kamehameha would never have been able to conquer all the islands without the help of western traders, weapons, tactics, materials, advice, training and support. Hawaiian Kings intentionally integrated western systems (education, religious, political, economic and military) with Hawaiian traditions. The kanaka and haole built the country together and became one ohana, blended by aloha. Who was the first western governor of Hawai'i? Isaac Davis and John Young were valuable advisors who were very instrumental to King Kamehameha's success. The King granted Davis ali'i status, had him marry into his family and made him governor of O'ahu. When Kamehameha left Big Island, Young acted as governor of Hawai'i on his behalf. Young was also the grandfather of Queen Emma. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  1478.  @oemcargps  It's a lie.
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  1479. Did you think this was the real story about Hawai'i? Not a chance, brah. Queen Lili'uokalani tried to abrogate the existing constitution, prorogue the legislature, unilaterally create her own constitution, strengthen her autocratic powers and defend her revolution with military force (which was highly illegal and unconstitutional). She instigated her own overthrow. Queen Lili'uokalani was overthrown by the Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles (a militia of 1,100 - 1,600 men). Queen Lili'uokalani, the royalists, the rebels and U.S. soldiers all formally testified that the U.S. soldiers played no active role in the Revolution of 1893. Did you think the U.S. actually 'stole' Hawai'i?
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  1480.  @saikauwe3601  Troll? Lol. You don't know Hawaiian history. Do some actual research.😉
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  1481. Kamehameha waged a 20+ year war campaign with 12,000 men and 1,000 war canoes to steal all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. Now that's some serious land theft. Lol
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  1482. The United States didn't 'rob' Hawai'i. Hawai'i is nothing like Tibet.
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  1483.  @zoda5898  Do you actually think that Native American tribes didn't massacre one another? In the pre-columbian period, tribes would war, pillage, conquer, commit genocide, rape, enslave, etc. Hawai'i is a microcosm for human nature. Every other civilizations' history is full of the same stories. Colonialism is just a fancy name for human expansion. When two cultures intersect, there is often conflict, violence, etc. Do you think the Aztecs didn't conquer others and have 'colonial' like relationships? Do you think 'colonialism' is a modern invention? Humans have been engaging in such activities for millennia.
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  1484. You don't even know hawaiian history.😉 Politically, the Apology Resolution was intended to help pave the way for federal tribal recognition of the Native Hawaiian people, just like the Native Americans. Legally, it had no effect on any settlement against the United States and didn't alter or modify the purity of land title own by the State of Hawaii. The Apology Bill doesn't support the hawaiian independence activists desire for secession and sovereignty. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the resolution was written with conciliatory and precatory language, not legal language that confers rights or acts as legislation. The Apology Resolution was an opinion statement, not a legal one. If you want federal recognition of the kanaka (similar to the Akaka Bill), then the Apology Bill is an olive branch that can be used to start that process. The Apology Bill doesn't legally support the hawaiian independence movement. The U.S. President, Congress and Military never enacted (or admitted) a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Government. The Apology Bill apoligized for the role that some U.S. citzens and expatriates played in the hawaiian revolution that overthrew the monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by a bloodless and peaceful coup of wealthy and powerful haole, who were denizens, citizens and royal subjects, of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The Morgan Report refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the U.S. military and agents of any wrongdoing since they didn't participate in the overthrow, support the hawaiian insurgents in any way and didn't act aggressively or violently against the monarchy. The Morgan Report was 1,176 pages of public interviews on all sides, with cross-examination and under oath (which the Blount Report did not do). The Apology Resolution is just a 5 page opinion statement full of 'whereas' clauses. It doesn't even remotely come close to refuting the Morgan Report.
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  1485. Meh, do you think Hawai'i needed some Mohammed?
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  1486. Did Kamehameha issue an apology for his 20 year war conquest of Hawai'i? He was a warlord and imperialist. Lol
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  1487. The U.S. didn't steal Hawai'i. Lol
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  1488.  @Xergecuz  The Hawaiian Kingdom was constructed by kanaka, westerners and asians. Kamehameha would never have been able to conquer the island chiefdoms if he didn't have great western help (weapons, supplies, tactics, training, counsel and combat support). Hawaiian Kings blended western systems (education, religious, economics, political and military) with native hawaiian traditions. The kanaka, westerners and asians were kama'āina. They were all denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Kingdom. Unfortunately, Queen Lili'uokalani attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab and it backfired on her badly. She was overthrown by a local hawaiian militia force of 1,100 - 1,600 armed men who opposed her secret plot to impose her own constitution. And the rest is history. The American soldiers didn't actively participate in the Revolution of 1893. Later, the Republic of Hawaii requested Annexation and the U.S. accepted the offer.
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  1489. Have you seen how HUGE the United States is? We figuratively and literally extend from sea to shining sea :)
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  1490.  @xylonbanda  He didn't put in a lot of 'research'. Lol. He put in much more time with production, editing and graphics (fancy maps!). The script was very lazy.
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  1491.  @xylonbanda  The majority doesn't know Hawaiian history. This video presented many historical inaccuracies, misinformation and half-truths, which was basically propaganda.
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  1492.  @xylonbanda  Johnny Harris is a very liberal, activist journalist who pushes a distorted historical narrative. He's not an honest, objective journalist. Hawaiian history isn't simple, cut-and-dry, black-and-white. It's very complex. Queen Lili'uokalani wasn't overthrown by Jesus, sugar-loving missionaries. The missionaries came in 1819, long before the Revolution of 1893. Captain Cook visited Hawai'i in 1778. Westerners were interacting with native hawaiians for 40 years before any missionaries arrived. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old, ancestral religion, commanded all heiau to be destroyed, terminated the harsh kapu religious legal system and fought a small war to defend his policies, which all happened six months before the arrival of missionaries. The missionaries didn't overthrow Queen Lili'uokalani. She attempted an illegal and unconstitutional power grab and was, consequently, overthrown by a counter-revolution lead by the Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles (1,100-1,600 local militiamen), who were denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom. Queen Lili'uokalani tried to prorogate the legislature, abrogate the existing constitution, unilaterally create her OWN constitution, strengthen her autocratic power and use the military to defend her revolution (which was highly illegal and unconstitutional). Her political opponents found out about her secret scheme, organized, mobilized and overthrew her with a successful counter-revolution. Johnny IGNORED all this history. The Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles (1,100-1,600 armed militiamen) were all denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom. It was a local revolution... and not lead by missionaries. He promotes propaganda.
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  1493.  @xylonbanda  Go ahead and Google it. Learn more about Hawaiian history. Don't blindly believe what some youtube 'journalist' reports on a cheesy video. Always independently verify what you read, hear and see. Here's more food for thought. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  1494.  @xylonbanda  Are you really asking for a 'source' after I gave you specific, detailed historical information? Did Johnny provide his 'sources'? Lol. If you genuinely care about Hawaiian history, then you will independently verify and confirm what you read, see and hear. I encourage you to investigate and learn.☺
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  1495. British and Americans were trading with Hawai'i for thirty years before any missionaries arrived. In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the old, ancestral religion, commanded all heiau to be destroyed and terminated the harsh, oppressive kapu religious law six months before missionaries came to Hawai'i.
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  1496. The Hawaiian Kingdom was torn apart by social, political and economic unrest (not just 'capitalism'). Lol
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  1497. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch.
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  1498. In the name of Akua... we'll take your land. In the name of Allah... we'll take your land. In the name of Yahweh... we'll take your land.
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  1499. George Washington helped the American colonies defeat Great Britain and achieve Independence. That's much more important than his slave ownership. Lol
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  1500.  @sparkmanuk  So this is about race? Lulz. The Native Americans fought wars, conquered, and commited genocide against one another BEFORE Christopher Columbus even discovered North America. After western contact, Native Americans continued to fight with one another and they also fought against the colonists. Also, Native Americans made alliances and cooperated with other tribes and the colonists. And you're making this a racial issue? Furthermore, 90% of Native Americans were killed by foreign disease because they lacked immuno-resiliency. Mother Nature is, by far, the #1 Killer.💀 Are you gonna blame that on George Wishington, too?😉
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  1501. The U.S. didn't steal Hawai'i. The Great Māhele of 1848 was the biggest land policy failure of Hawaiian Kingdom history. The king, ali'i and konohiki screwed over the maka'ainana and took all the āina for themselves. Only less than 1% of the maka'ainana got land, which was about 30,000 acres. The powerful kanaka monarchy and nobility class got 4 million acres. 1 million for the King, 1.5 million for the government and 1.5 million for the nobility. Even worse, the kanaka elitists mismanaged their finances and sold off a great deal of land to foreigners to repay debts. These land policies screwed over the common folk, the real hawaiians, the ones who actually managed and cultivated the ahupua'a for generations. The feudal lords of chiefdom days became the royal nobility of the Hawaiian Kingdom. And the exploitation didn't stop. The Great Mahele was a Great Crime of kanaka-on-kanaka fraud. The āina is life, mana, wealth, prosperity and happiness. The kanaka royalty and nobility classes stole all the land and screwed over the commoners, who had tended the ahupua'a for generations. They put native hawaiians behind the eight ball. There are many reasons why kanaka have a housing problem. It's nowhere as simple as 'Big Bad United States'.
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  1502. Clearly, you didn't pay attention in school. Queen Lili'uokalani attempted to prorogate the legislature, abrogate the existing constitution, unilaterally create her OWN constitution, strengthen her autocratic power and defend her revolution using the military. She instigated her own overthrow after attempting an illegal and unconstitutional power play. It backfired badly. Later, she tried to support a counter-revolution, was caught and placed under house arrest. She later abdicated the thrown and pledged an oath to the new government. THEN she was given a PENSION where she retired and lived the rest of her life in peace.
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  1503. The Marquesians were the FIRST aboriginal settlers of Hawai'i. Then the Tahitians came, took over all the islands, instituted a feudal caste system and oppressed the maka'āinana with harsh kapu religous law. The chiefdoms fought for centuries over land and power until... Kamehameha waged a 20 year war campaign with 12,000 warriors and 1,000 war canoes to conquer all the island chiefdoms. He STOLE all the āina, mana and wealth for HIS Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was a warlord and an imperialist. His aumakua was the god of war, Kū. And wage war he did. There's a very good reason why the island chain is called Hawai'i and the Big Island is also called Hawai'i. ;) The haole have never fought any wars with Hawai'i or the kanaka maoli.
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  1504. Lol. And are the Native Americans and Native Hawaiians going to give back the lands that their tribes STOLE from other tribes? The United States didn't fight any wars or battles against the Hawaiian Kingdom. Hawai'i had requested protectorate status and annexation from the U.S. on several different occasions, during a fifty year time period. The Republic of Hawaii requested annexation, and the U.S. later agreed to a deal.
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  1505.  @redsoil2495  Every piece of land has been taken by someone, from someone else, etc. The United States acquired land from the Republic of Hawaii. The Committee of Safety acquired the land when they overthrew Queen Lili'uokalani. King Kamehameha acquired the land when he fought a twenty year inter-island war and conquered and stole it. Prior to Captain Cook visiting, Hawai'i had one hundred years of episodic warfare between different tribes, with land going back and forth. The Marquesians were the first Polynesians to discover the Hawaiian archipelago. Later, Tahitians migrated there, supplanted them and took control of the land. Chain of ownership is long. Who do you actually give the land back to? The entire conversation is silly. Where would everyone go if they had to give back the land that their ancestors had gained? So, no, giving back the land isn't easy. The Hawaiian Kingdom ended in 1894. It's hard for anyone to identify with a country that ceased to exist 129 years ago. In the United States, many territories belong to someone else, whether it was Native American, Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Portugal, Mexico, Russia, etc. Land ownership changes all the time. Did Kamehameha return the land that he stole back to anyone? No.
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  1506. James Dole didn't migrate to Hawai' to start his fruit business until 1899, which was 6 years after the Revolution of 1893 and 1 year after annexation.
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  1507. The revolution of January 17, 1893 was caused by Queen Liliuokalani's attempt to prorogate the legislature,  unilaterally create a new constitution (without the constitutional power to do so), promulgate this new constitution with a sudden declaration (surprise!) and use the military to suppress any opposition to her power grab. On January 14, she was ready to sign and proclaim the new laws. She wrote to Blount that the "members of the diplomatic corps had been invited; also the members of the supreme bench and members of the legislature, besides a committee of the Hui Kalaiaina." She also told Blount that she instructed her guards and military to be ready to suppress any challenge (riots, rebellion, etc) from her opposition: "They assured me they would be ready, and I gave strict injunctions of secrecy." The Queen had been secretly plotting a revolution to overthrow the government and reestablish an absolute monarchy. Then everyone found about her 'secret' plan. Everything went downhill fast for her. People weren't going to curtsy, sit idly and let her smile and wave as she led a revolution. Her opposition mobilized, organized and overthrew her with their own revolution. And the rest is history. Like I said, Queen Lili instigated her own overthrow, despite the advice of her own cabinet and supporters. She was an inexperienced, naive leader who thought she could make sweeping (illegal) changes via royal proclamation. Governor Cleghorn was a royalist, ally and brother-in-law of Queen Liliuokalani. He was angry and disappointed by her plot to overthrow the government and failure to listen to counsel. On January 28, 1893, he wrote "I have never given the Queen anything but good advice. If she had followed my advice, she would have been firm on the throne, and Hawaiian Independence safe, but she has turned out a very stubborn woman and was not satisfied to Reign but wished to Rule." Queen Lili kicked a hornets nest and was stung by her own arrogance. She cost the country its independence. American Minister Stevens was following the instructions of his predecessor, Minister Miller, who received instructions from the Secretary of State of the first President Cleveland Administration. Cleveland was president during the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to then American Minister George W. Merrill that if another revolution happens in Hawaii, then they must protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard clearly stated that, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii."After the revolution that lead to the Bayonet Constitution, British Minister Wodehouse requested that the Americans keep a warship docked in Hawaiian port in case another revolution happened. In July 1889, there was a rebellion and Merrill ordered the deployment of marines and sailors to protect Americans. John L. Stevens (had replaced Merrill) and followed those official instructions during the overthrow of 1893. The American soldiers were peacekeepers who didn't participate in any government building raids, patrol the streets, fire any shots or provide any material support to the insurgents. Often, the Americans would land, come ashore and practice military drills (prior to the overthrow). During the 1893 revolution, the soldiers marched past Iolani Palace, lowered their flags to show neutrality and saluted the Queen. These are hardly aggressive actions. The Americans then remained in their bunkers and did absolutely nothing because no violence broke out against American interests. There was no invasion or military occupation. The monarchy was overthrown by a homegrown coup of 1,100-1,600 insurgents (who were citizens and royal subjects), Queen Liliuokalani surrendered and abdicated her power WITHOUT fighting to defend her country from internal, domestic threats, which was her constitutional duty as a monarch. There is no United States or International Law of 1898 that declares a treaty (and only a treaty) can be used for annexation of foreign land. The U.S. has aquired foreign land in many different ways, which shows that joint resolution was part of established customs and norms. ✔ The Republic of Hawaii requested to be annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian legislature unanimously agreed to annexation and passed their Treaty of Annexation. ✔ On the U.S. side, the President wanted annexation, and two-thirds of the Senate AND two-thirds of the House of Representatives voted for annexation by passing the Newlands Resolution. Since both Houses ratified the Resolution with a TWO-THIRDS majority, it exceeds the criteria of Treaty. ✔ The Treaty of Annexation (Hawaii) and the Newlands Resolution (United States) are two documents, related and in agreement with one another with a common intent to bind both parties in a BILATERAL agreement. This met the legal requirement for a mutually, acceptable agreement. Moreover, Hawai'i and the United States abided by this agreement and behaved accordingly. That further reinforces the agreement because it shows common acceptance and practice. They defined the treaty and followed it. ✔ The U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations delivered the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, which refuted the Blount Report and exonerated the actions of the U.S. military. No other congressional report has refuted this report and concluded that the U.S. government or military enacted a foreign policy to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarchy. ✔ All of the allies and treaty holders of the Hawaiian Kingdom provided de facto, formal and written recognition of the Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaii and Annexation. The international community legitimized every phase of the Kingdom's transition from country to territory to state. ✔ The U.S. has used acts and joint resolutions in lieu of treaties many times (such as the annexation of Texas and Hawai'i, ending of World War I, etc). Please refer to "Acts and Joint Resolutions of Congress as Substitutes for Treaties" (James W. Garner) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190424 ✔✔✔
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  1508.  @meganitsmehan4907  Kamehameha V overthrew the government in 1864. He prorogated the legislature, abrogated the existing constitution and unilaterally created his own constitution, which was all unconstitutional illegal. Sound familiar? Queen Lili'uokalani tried to do the same thing. She snatched a page from Kam V's playbook. First, she tried to ammend the existing 1887 Constitution, but she repeatedly failed. Her supporters wanted her to do the same as Kamehameha V and just 'proclaim' a new constitution. She drafted the Constitution of 1893, but her Ministers wouldn't sign it because it was illegal and would cause civil unrest (i.e. riots and/or rebellion). Some of her ministers informed her political opponents about her scheme... and the rest is history. The Queen never submitted her Constitution for approval by the Legislature. She just wanted to proclaim the old one was dead and HER new one was the new law of the land, which was very illegal. It was a reckless power grab that cost her the throne. She was later arrested, charged with treason, imprisoned in 'Iolani Palace (luxury suite, Lol) and she was forced to abdicate the throne. She instigated her own overthrow. And the Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles overthrew her head over heels.  The Queen admitted to her actions in her book, Hawaii's Story, and she even included an appendix with a copy of her formal, written testimony to Commissioner Blount where she admitted the same. She tried to overthrow the existing government, but failed horribly. The rebels formed a Committee of Safety, asked the United States to protect them, and organized a large local militia to oppose the Queen. The U.S. landed troops under strict orders to protect American lives and property, but they didn't actively participate in the revolution. The Honolulu Rifles raided a an armory and 1,100 - 1,600 armed rebels descended upon the capital, raided the government buildings and took control of the government. The Queen chose to surrender instead of fight. Her plan failed. She played with fire and got burned.  Lili'uokalani's Power Grab The Queen's draft of the 1893 Constitution had the following: - Members of the privy council, notary public, and agents would be able to run for the legislature. This was political double-dipping. For example, the Privy Council consisted of the King's cabinet ministers, who were politically aligned with the King. Queen Lili'uokalani wanted to allow her cabinet ministers to also be able to serve in the Legislature, which increases her political power. Also, it's fundamentally wrong to allow one person to serve in both the executive and legislative branches. - The Queen would be given the power to call meetings of the legislature. Queen Lili'uokalani tried to increase power for the sovereign (herself). - The Queen’s private lands and other property were made inviolable. The Kamehameha dynasty ended with Kamehameha V. Kalākaua and Lili'uokalani were no longer sovereigns with inviolable land and property. - The Queen would sign all bills before they became law. The 1887 constitution allowed the Legislature to repass bills with a two-thirds majority and overcome a sovereign's vetoe. Kalākua's reign was considered corrupt. The Legislative branch was given stronger, conditional approval authority. - Nobles would be appointed by the Queen instead of elected. Obviously, this gives more power to the sovereign because Lili'uokalani can appoint noblemen (instead of a more democratic election). The people would concede more power to the sovereign. - American and European residents, granted suffrage in 1887, would lose the right to vote. Voting rights would be taken away from a large demographic group. By 1893, the demographics of Hawai'i were roughly 1/3rd kanaka, 1/3rd westerners and 1/3rd asian. - The Queen would be able to appoint governors of each island for four years. More power for the sovereign. - Article 78 of the 1887 Constitution which required the monarch to perform "with the advice and consent of the Cabinet" was left out. This removed legislative checks-and-balances over the executive branch. If the Queen was proposing minor reforms, then her Constitution of 1893 wouldn't raise any eyebrows. But it wasn't minor. She was upset about the 1887 Constitution just like the westerners were upset about the 1864 Constitution. Queen Lili'uokalani was attempting a major power grab. And, no, the Legislature wasn't ready to pass the new constitution. The Revolution of 1887 had caused a significant power shift. Queen Lili'uokalani kept her plan secret, within her inner circle. She planned on proclaiming (surprise!!!🎉) a new constitution... and she ordered the military to put down any rebellion (that's a power play... and a bit tyrannical). That's a premidated crime. Unfortunately, someone leaked her plan. And the rest is history. Lili'uokalani instigated her own overthrow. Her plan was illegal. Sure, many kanaka would've approved of her power grab and many westerners opposed it. Nevertheless, she overstepped her constitutional powers and suffered the consequences. She's a victim of her own arrogance.
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  1509. Okay, you may be onto something. Queen Lili'uokalani attempted to cancel the existing constitution, replace it with her own, strengthen her autocratic powers and defend her revolution with her royal guard. This was unlawful and unconstitutional. She also believed in Native Hawaiian exceptionalism and nationalism. So, yeah, there are some parallels with Queen Lili'uokalani's attempted resolution and that of Trump's insurrection at the Capitol.
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  1510. Your country stole your country ;)
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  1511. The Queen and Hui Kālaiʻāina opposed the 1887 Constitution. They wanted to amend it and regain power. They organized a petition for a new constitution. Lili'uokalani claimed that "out of a possible 9500 registered voters, 6500, or two-thirds, had signed these petitions" and she couldn't ignore their request and be "deaf to the voice of the people, which tradition tells us is the voice of God." Unfortunately, the petitions have been lost to history, only a small, incomplete part remains. Queen Lili'uokalani repeatedly tried to ammend the 1887 Constitution, but all her efforts failed. So she tried a very risky and illegal move. She wanted to abrogate the existing constitution, prorogate the legislature, unilaterally make her own, promulgate it via (magical) royal proclamation and defend her revolution with the military. This was very illegal and unconstitutional. And it backfired on her - very badly. She instigated her own overthrow. The Committee of Safety and Honolulu Rifles (1,100 - 1,600 militiamen) led a successful rebellion. The United States didn't steal Hawai'i. Queen Lili'uokalani was overthrown by her own countrymen, who were denizens, citizens and royal subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The U.S. didn't fight any wars or battles or actively participate in the Revolution of 1893.
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