Comments by "YSongCloud" (@YSongCloud) on "Искаженное восприятие"
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Are they really not teaching these things in science class in school anymore? Gravity keeps the atmosphere in place due to the force on all atoms. This force gets lighter the further from the earth's core you go. This is why you weigh less on top of a mountain than you would at sea level. Anyway, we do lose atmosphere to space on a regular basis, but some of the atoms that are lost, mostly of hydrogen since it has the lowest atomic mass, are replaced by other particles flowing in from things like comets, meteoroids, the solar wind, etc. There is no "seal" to break through, as you put it. There is no giant bag or barrier surrounding the earth, it just goes from more dense to less dense. Even deeps space isn't completely empty, there are always a few atoms around, it's just that the spaces between them are so far apart, we call it space. This is similar to the way the atoms are tightly packed in a solid, looser in a liquid, and very loosely packed in a gas. This arrangement is also why gasses can be compressed (pressing the atoms closer to each other, thereby raising both the temperature and pressure as per Boyle's law) and why liquid cannot be compressed. The atoms in a liquid are already too tightly packed.
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@MrCcfly OK, tablet aside, you still have no clue what you are talking about. A rocket does not work by pushing against anything. A rocker works by ejecting mass at high velocity out of an opening. The mass is hot gas produced by the combustion process inside the combustion chamber of the rocket motor. This hot gas is funneled through a nozzle, which helps with accelerating it to very high velocity. This imparts a force as the gas leaves the chamber, and via Newton's third law, an equal and opposite force is produced in the direction directly opposite of the nozzle and the force pushes in the direction opposite of the direction of the escaping gasses. This force has no where to go as the opposite end of the combustion chamber from the nozzle is a solid wall, so the force acts on this surface, imparting force which results in a net motion in the direction opposite of the escaping gasses. This force is also transferred to the rest of the rocket as it is connected to the motor, and as long as the force is strong enough to overcome the force of gravity and friction due to air resistance, the rocket will move. This is why rocket engines are more efficient in a vacuum, they do not need to fight the friction of air resistance caused by an atmosphere. At distances further from the surface of the earth, the pull of gravity is lessened, so rockets leaving earth also are more efficient the further they go until the mull of the earth's gravity is a negligible factor.
That being said, a rocket starts it's journey with all of the fuel it will need for the entire trip. The first few minutes are ones with lowest fuel to motion ratio as the motor has to move not only the rocket, but the rest of the fuel with it. Once a few minutes have elapsed, the mass of the rocket is less, the pull of gravity is less, and it is usually at a high enough altitude that the air resistance is greatly reduced, thereby allowing the rocket motor to be much more efficient.
I should also add that the ratios you give in your examples, from what I can decipher of them, are completely incorrect. In solid rocket motors, the oxidizer usually exceeds the fuel to ensure complete combustion. In liquid or hypergolic mixtures, excess fuel is usually the norm so that it can be used to purge and cool the combustion chamber and nozzle, as excess oxidizer would cause pitting in the metal of the nozzle or detonation of any fuel pockets left. The fuel is also used to cool the nozzle during operation.
In addition, the liquid fuels used are never helium, which is relatively stable. Liquid hydrogen can be used along with liquid oxygen, but other mixtures, like the hypergolic mixture of hydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide are also used as they do not require an ignition source. Solid fuels are usually APCP, or ammonium perchloride composite propellant or a variation thereof.
Seems like, perhaps, you need to take some more classes on chemistry and physics before you attempt to lecture anyone on how things work.
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Actually, the reason why the balloon in your example doesn't go anywhere is due to the pressure of the air around the balloon more than the lack of thrust. In order to move, the balloon has create enough thrust through the escaping gas to create a force that exceeds that of the air pressure of the surrounding environment, which is pressing against the balloon from all sides and causing the balloon to stay stationary. However, because the vacuum created by the vacuum cleaner nozzle is in one area only, it creates only a localized area of lower pressure, thereby lowering the force of air resistance at the rear of the balloon. This means that the surrounding air pressure that is pressing against the balloon and resisting movement is no longer equal on all sides, but is instead larger in front due to the lack of opposing force pushing on the rear of the balloon. Because of this, the balloon has to generate much more thrust to be able to overcome the external force of the surrounding environment pushing greater at the front of the balloon than at the rear. If the vacuum were all around the balloon, the external forces pushing, or in this case not pushing, against the balloon from the outside, and resisting movement, would again be equal on all sides. This would effectively cancel those forces out of the equation, allowing the only hindrance to motion to be the frictional resistance of the surrounding air, which in a vacuum chamber should be almost nothing as there are very few air molecules left to resist the movement. You can see the result of this air pressure differential between atmospheric pressure and the lack of pressure in a vacuum on a balloon by looking at one placed into a vacuum chamber and watching it grow as the vacuum is created. The lack of air pressure outside the balloon causes the air inside the balloon to exert a greater force on the walls of the balloon, making it grow larger.
Because air behaves like a fluid, I can explain it like a boat in a sea, if that makes more sense, even though the method of propulsion is different. Picture a boat with a fixed engine that only has a 2HP motor. On a calm lake, even this small motor can move a rather large boat, no issues. But should a sinkhole open up behind the boat, and the water is now rushing from the front of the boat to the back, the small engine will no longer be able to overcome the force of the water pushing on the front of the boat as it tries to flow to the area of lower pressure at the back. On a calm lake, the water pushes against the boat equally from all sides. Streamlining of the boat's shape notwithstanding, it takes the same amount of force to move the boat in any direction from a standstill on a calm lake. However, in the second example, it will take more force to move the boat away from the sinkhole and less force to move it towards it, as the external forces acting on the boat are no longer pushing against all sides equally. There is a greater resistance to movement at the front of the boat due to the water rushing rearwards and pushing against the boat, as well as because the force of the water at the back of the boat is lower, due to the overall amount of water pressure there being lower. To move the boat to either side, however, would still take the same force as if the lake were calm, as those opposing forces are still equal. Does that make more sense?
I think the main thing that everyone tends to get confused about when dealing with a vacuum is that a vacuum has no force of it's own. The force we feel, aka. the suction itself that most people think of, is not caused by the vacuum, but instead by the air pressure as it attempts to reach a state of equilibrium between the pressure differential, akin to a small, localized strong wind. This action, which you incorrectly describe as the expanding gasses being "sucked" into space, actually help the overall thrust by increasing the velocity of the escaping gasses due to the greater pressure differential inside the combustion chamber of the rocket motor vs. the outside environment. Greater velocity of the escaping gasses equals greater overall force imparted on the opposite side of the combustion chamber from the nozzle. This, combined with the lower external resistance that I spoke of earlier, means that a rocket motor is actually more efficient in a vacuum than in a normal earth atmosphere.
Sorry for the long reply, but I hope this helps everything make more sense. :)
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But you are comparing and they are two different things. A rocket motor can be the size of a flare and this could be placed into space and lit and would burn properly. You are mistaken that the amount of oxygen doesn't matter, because the oxidizer is present in a greater quantity than needed, and the placement of the oxygen produced is what matters the most. There does not need to be enough oxygen in the entire volume of carbon dioxide (to use your comparison) just the proper amount at the site of combustion, which there is since the oxidizer produces the oxygen at the combustion site itself. The atmosphere internal to the motor is oxygen-rich, regardless of the atmosphere external to the motor. The same can be said of your flare if that flare contains an oxidizer such as ammonium perchlorate. Because the oxygen needed for combustion is produced at the site of combustion itself, the oxygen would always be present once the motor, or flare in this case, is ignited.
As shown in the Warped Perception video, the issue becomes how to light the motor/flare in space as the igniters used in model rocketry are usually black powder based, which will have a hard time maintaining a flame long enough to properly ignite the rocket motor. This can be solved with other ignition methods, however that is not what we are talking about. We are talking about the ability of a solid rocket motor to remain lit and burning in an atmosphere of either nothing (vacuum, no oxygen or other gasses present) or in an atmosphere of inert gasses (nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc). In either of these cases, the self-contained combination of fuel and oxygen present in the motor itself and available at the site of combustion will be what is able to keep the reaction going until either the fuel, the oxidizer, or both are exhausted.
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Incorrect. In the initial seconds of the rocket motor firing, you can clearly see the scale needle moving from negative into the positive part of the scale, long before the first gasses escaped. See at 10:20, this is at rest and before the engine ignites, the scale gauge is registering a reading of just over -2 lbs. At 10:24, only 4 seconds later and with very little exhaust gas having escaped due to the ignition process only now beginning, the force on the scale has already brought it to a positive .5 lbs. Once it begins to fully ignite, at 10:34, there is 4 lbs of force on the scale being registered. Add to it that the volume of the container was 220L and the rocket motor was rated at producing 26L of gas when burned, so even assuming an incomplete vacuum of roughly half the gas contained therein, the gas produced by the rocket would still not have been enough to completely offset the vacuum produced, although it would lessen it.
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Rockets do not work on the same principles as birds and flies. They move their wings to impart a force onto the surrounding air, which in turn forces the air backwards, propelling them forwards.
This is not how rockets work. Rockets work by taking the fuel and turning it into high velocity gas that is then ejected through a nozzle, thereby imparting an even greater velocity to it. This high velocity gas produces an equal and opposite reaction in the direction opposite of the nozzle, which in our case is the front of the combustion chamber of the rocket motor. The force pushing on the wall of the combustion chamber opposite of the nozzle has no exit, as it is solid, so the force pushes against it, thereby imparting force to the system as a whole. This force is then translated into motion of the system as any force acting against an object will impart movement unless another force directly opposes it. In this case, the force created from the escaping gases through the nozzle is enough to overcome the forces of gravity and friction and impart a movement into the motor, and thereby, the rocket as a whole.
The fact that you reference anything to do with the Hebrew language tells me that you are obviously disturbed and will most likely not pay the least bit of attention to the science, but instead, spout more crazy conspiracy theories.
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Well, having proper spelling and grammar tends to allow others to take one more seriously as it shows that person as having received a proper education.
As for what I've seen with my own eyes.... Well, I've seen shuttle launches, rocket launches of all kinds, I have launched model rockets myself, I have see the live feeds from space, spoken with people who have been there, worked with people who have helped launch satellites, seen satellites with my own eyes, both on the ground and in space, and have used the services that are provided using the technology of the satellites themselves. I've also seen and understand the math and science that makes it possible for us to "thrust tons of metal into space". It's physics and chemistry at work.
So, as I've said, I believe because I know it to be true. I know, without a doubt, that we go into space.
Now, what proof do you have as to your argument that those of us who believe we go into space are "stupid"? Show us your evidence to the contrary.
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It's called perspective, sir. From a stationary point on a globe, to achieve the proper angular momentum to reach an orbital velocity, once must have more than simply vertical motion. If rockets only went straight up, then a force equal to the amount needed to launch them would be needed to stop them. With angular momentum, we are able to use the pull of gravity to guide them either into an orbital trajectory or to use the motion and atmospheric resistance to slowly bring them back down once needed. When we sent the men to the moon, we used the same principles to line them up for a proper trajectory for a safe approach to it. The reason that, when viewed from the ground, it looks like the rocket goes up and comes down is due to the curvature of the earth and perspective from the ground. Take a balloon and draw a dot on it. That's you at the launch site. Now take your finger and put it a few inches above the dot and circle it around the center of the balloon. Do you see how, from the perspective of the dot, your finger seems to come down as it moves out of view around the balloon? Another good example is the sun. Does it "land" on the ground when it sets? Well, neither does a rocket. It goes around the world and comes back on the other side.
You say you've been educated properly, but i disagree as it seems that you can't grasp basic viewing perspective and geometry.
And I agree, you're not here to debate because you have no valid arguments or proof of your own flawed opinions. However, you have no issue making a statement putting down those who think contrarily to your theories. So yes, you are here to debate, instead you simply are here to add to the proof that people are becoming less educated now than in generations prior as even basic science and math seems to be beyond their grasp.
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If you believe that the earth is flat, then you are more ignorant than I originally thought. Not using any "stupid big words", just using the proper words to convey what is occurring. I'm sorry that your limited intellect cannot grasp that the earth, like every other celestial body out there in the universe, is round (actually more of an ovoid sphere, but I'm trying not to use large, scary words for you). I'm sorry you can't understand prospective and simple math. I'm sorry you seem incapable of of the most basic understanding of how things work.
The earth is and has been proven to be round. Your view, which has no scientific proof, nor mathematical possibility, is wrong. As it is your theory, please feel free to show me any sort of proof whatsoever to back up your claim. As I say to every single flat earther... want to prove to me definitively that the earth is flat? Go to the edge and jump off. Do this, and I'll 100% believe you. It's always funny how I provide evidence and no space denier or flat earther is able to do anything other than sling insults, make wild accusations with no proof, or remark how they aren't here to debate anything.
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How exactly, did he "create a small atmosphere behind the rocket"? I see someone using a method to plug a motor so that the igniter, which is manufactured for the model rocket hobby and designed to be ignited in a normal environment, can function as designed. I'm sure that if he was able to get one similar to the ones used by NASA and other space agencies in solid rocket motors that are designed to be ignited in a vacuum, they would not have any need to be plugged as he had to do in order to get the SRMs to fire.
As for your second point, you again mention creating an atmosphere directly behind the rocket, something I'm trying to understand why you would need in the first place. The laws of motion will work in a vacuum or in a pressure vessel the same way as the forces related to motion apply in the same manner regardless of the surrounding atmosphere or lack thereof.
He did not need to change his hypothesis, he needed to change the way the test was being conducted so that what he was truly trying to measure could be tested. The was not a test to determine if a standard hobby SRM could be ignited using a standard hobby igniter in a vacuum, this was a test to determine if thrust is produced in a vacuum, and it was as you can clearly see in the captured slow motion footage from 10:20 to 10:24, in those 4 seconds, before any appreciable amount of exhaust had vented to the chamber to decrease the vacuum, there was a net thrust forward of about 2.5 lbs. Yes, more thrust was produced once the nozzle was unplugged due to the increased exit velocity of the gasses resulting in mass acceleration out the nozzle and a greater specific impulse, but even before that the uneven pressure caused by the nozzle being the slightest bit uncovered was enough to cause the system to move forward, just as Newton had stated.
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