Comments by "Arthur Mosel" (@arthurmosel808) on "Metatron" channel.

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  4. Well over simplified about both Romans and Japanese. The original Samurai were bowmen using a long unsymmetrical bow. The other weapons were used, in fact the bowmen were mounted bowmen; hence the asymmetrical bows. Originally the Romans troops were like the Greeks using a spear, shield, and short sword/long knives in a phalanx. Then they moved to the pilum (heavy javelin which could be used as a spear), however the troops in the 3rd rank continued to use the spear and were to cover the first two lines if they had to retreat or drop back to reorganize. This was because of the broken country much of the zitalian fighting involved. Then the third line became armed as the first two. This was the norm, until somewhere around 200-300 AD (I'm working from memory on the date) when spears began being used again and the formations used included the phalanx again due to increased likelihood of fighting mounted enemies. By somewhere between 400 and 500 AD spears were the most common with a sizeable missile (mostly bows) armed troops. What had changed was the increased fighting against cavalry because open formations were an invitation to disaster. As the use of cavalry increased on both sides of a conflict, the need to hold off the cavalry increased its missile arms used to break their formations, think like the early gunpowder formations using pikemen and early firearms to take down cavalry. We won't go into legion size that started as a single legion (not enough population for two) of approximately 3,000 men; to one of between 4,000 and 5,000 back down to mobile legions of around 1,000 men by the end of Rome. Also the changing enemies over more than 500 years affected arms and weapons as well; another long discussion.
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