Youtube comments of Vox (@Vox).
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Laura here, the producer of this video. A lot of you are asking about what accountability tools exist for committing war crimes. The International Criminal Court in the Hague in the Netherlands, which was set up in 2002, is one of those institutional tools. You may have seen that numerous countries have referred a criminal investigation to this court, and a prosecutor has started an investigation into the war in Ukraine, which includes the invasion of Crimea in 2014.
There are many criticisms of the weaknesses of this court, including that many countries aren’t party to its jurisdiction. That includes Russia, the US, and even Ukraine (although Ukraine has given the court jurisdiction for this current investigation.) The US historically has resisted having members of their military tried in this court for alleged crimes.
Another mechanism for prosecuting war crimes is setting up an ad-hoc tribunal. And domestic courts can prosecute war crimes, too — there’s some reporting that indicates Ukraine will be doing that.
But any prosecution hinges on the arrest of responsible parties, including at the highest ranks, like Vladimir Putin. If criminal charges are to happen, these people would likely have to be arrested abroad, in a country that accepts the jurisdiction of any of these courts. It’s not unprecedented, but these cases are difficult to see to fruition and often take many years, which Milena Marin alludes to in our video.
Here is some great reporting on the ICC and other obstacles to justice and accountability for international humanitarian law and the laws of war:
https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/the-shadow-of-international-law
https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/06/podcasts/the-daily/ukraine-russia-bucha.html
https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/03/04/icc-investigation-russia-ukraine-putin-war-crimes/
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Thanks for all the thoughtful comments and debate! For those recommending that I watch CGP Grey's video on this, I have of course seen it already! To understand the key difference between our arguments, consider his 'humans are the new horses' analogy. The point of my video is: Horses don't buy things. Consumption rises with productivity growth, and it expands into weird unpredictable places, and that's what the futurists of the past couldn't imagine. They thought we'd work 15-hour weeks by now. Instead we're buying smart phones and apps, watching netflix, and eating at restaurants.
That said, I hope nobody takes this video to mean we shouldn't worry about the future. It's not that there won't be challenges, it's that we need to diagnose those challenges correctly and precisely. If we sit around waiting for mass unemployment to show up so that we can pass a basic income, we may find that those conditions don't arrive any time soon. The idea is to shift the focus from the number of jobs to the quality of jobs, the prospects for mobility, access to education and opportunity. That's not as sexy as daydreaming about a robot jobpocalypse, but it's truly the task at hand. We'll be discussing some of these topics in future episodes, so stay tuned. And thanks for watching :)
-joss
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Hi there, thanks for watching and for this comment. I didn't come across anything about the conditions in poultry processing facilities in Australia in my research, but I did learn something about how the industry is in Europe. When I reached out to the National Chicken Council (the chicken industry lobby) for this story, they pointed out that other countries run their lines as fast if not faster than the US. It's hard to make those comparisons, though, because the regulatory framework and union power is so different in other places. In Europe for example, there is more regulation of the industry (for example, they switch up job roles and have standards about breaks,) factories tend to be smaller, and there is more automation (i.e. fewer human workers on the line), and more union power. Even so, people still criticize the industry there for workplace safety issues. I included some links in the video description related to the situation in Europe. I've also read some stories about dangerous working conditions in Brazil, which supposedly also runs their factory lines fast, and is the home of one of the largest meatpacking companies in the world, JBS. Some of it is detailed in this report:
https://reporterbrasil.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Monitor2_ENG.pdf
-Laura
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If you want to go behind the scenes of how we take our videos from plan to publish, consider becoming a Video Lab member: http://bit.ly/vox-video-membership
Video Lab members get access to an exclusive monthly livestream Q&A, a commenter badge that levels up over time, four members-only video extras per month that cover everything from our team’s recommendations for the best videos on the internet, to behind-the-scenes looks at our creation process, interviews with your favorite Vox producers, and a lot, lot more.
If you’re curious about the extras we’ve shared with our members so far, you can check out all 26 of them right here in this playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5ctAgTRK7zZvcUJGrQX8BjC
And of course, we’re grateful to everyone who follows our channel and enjoys our videos, whether you become a member or not. Thank you all for watching our videos and following our channel 💛
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Some of you have already explained it pretty well in this thread, but here's some context for the "separate machines" thing. In the US, a general election is typically preceded by a series of separate “primary” elections earlier in the year, in which the two major parties each settle on a single nominee to represent them. You can think of it sort of like the semifinals stage of a tournament; the Democrats and Republicans each stage their own contest, and then the winners face off. (Is this a good system? Debatable. We made a video about that earlier this year: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tCvMtkEVqdA)
In other words, the Democrats and Republicans are each holding their own intra-party election, voting on completely separate groups of candidates, and often at the same time. In some places, that means they vote on separate machines. So in the case of the Texas primary in Houston, the issue wasn’t that different voting machines had been designated for each party, but that the county had designated too few to one party and too many to the other — and that the local Republican officials either couldn’t or wouldn’t allow their spare machines to be used for the other primary.
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Peter, if you watched the description of the method in the video, you'll see that it IS indeed a measure of parity. If you don't like the word luck, you can use a different word for the relative inability to attribute outcomes to skill differences, but it's common among sports statisticians to use the word luck in this context (see links in the description). And yes, you would likely see tighter variance in other professional hockey leagues relative to basketball because so much of the parity is likely to stem from the dynamics of the gameplay itself and the scoring system. In his book, Mauboussin says "the contribution of luck tends to be similar for various professional leagues within the same sport. For example, in the old American Basketball Association, which merged with the NBA in 1976, the influence of luck looked similar to that in the NBA. This is also true in hockey, football, and soccer."
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@davidkennedy6022
Thanks for bringing this up, David.
It's true that much of the corn, wheat, and soy grown on large farms is planted from seeds that have been genetically modified to withstand certain pesticides. It's also true that the companies who make those seeds (and, often, the pesticides they're designed to withstand) will sometimes take legal action against farmers who save seeds from one year's harvest to plant the following year (https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/14/business/monsanto-victorious-in-genetic-seed-case.html).
However, this isn't the case for open-pollenated heirloom seeds like the ones we highlight in this video. For example, right now, I have spinach growing in my garden. I purchased the seeds from Livingston Seed Company, but because the seed is not genetically modified, Livingston does not have a patent on the seed. That means if I wanted to, I could save the flowers my spinach plants will eventually produce, harvest the seeds, and plant them next year.
Thanks for your comment! -Liz
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http://eyewiki.aao.org/Solar_Retinopathy
"The mechanism by which retinal tissue damage occurs in solar retinopathy is photomechanical in nature. Photochemical retinal injury is believed to be a product of free radical formation. Two mechanisms of free radical formation have been proposed. First, absorption of light energy by a molecule causes an electron to enter an “excitation state”, with free radical formation being a means by which such an electron can return to the “ground state” energy level. In returning to the “ground state” energy level, an excited state electron splits a bond within another molecule, forming a free radical.9 Second, light energy absorption can cause excitation of and direct transfer of energy from an intraretinal chromophore – flavoproteins, heme proteins, melanosomes, lipofuscin, and photoreceptors themselves – to oxygen, creating a reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, the photochemical injury to the retinal tissues may be thermally enhanced."
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