Comments by "Lynott Parris" (@DenUitvreter) on "The Dutch Golden Age – How the Dutch Republic Became so Prosperous in the 17th Century" video.
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@Ned-nw6ge It's probably less than 1%. There was the huge European trade, which didn't take a year to get there and a year to return, but brought profit every month. But besides the huge European sea trade there was also a lot of trade on rivers and canals, a lot of fishery (the herring fishery alone made more money annually than the entire VOC at it's peak), and a lot of industry. From fake china to more than half of Europe's books printed in the Dutch Republic, lots of cloth, furniture, a large weapon industry. The Dutch already had a big spending middle class, even the painting industry was colossal for it's day because ordinary people who could not afford what's now a Dutch master did buy paintings.
The Dutch didn't take part in the transatlantic slavery until 1638, more than half way through it's golden age. The VOC only started paying dividend in 1631. The 5% is a rather dubious calculation to support the fashionable idea that suffering somehow equals economic importance. That 5% is the entire slave related industry from peak years, so for example sugar bought from a French of English slave colony, transported all over to the Dutch republic, processed and refined and then sold. That's not how BNP works.
The Dutch Republic's decision to give up on it's moral/calvinist objection to slavery is very important and interesting from a moral point of view, but not very relevant economically, especially not in the rise of the Dutch Republic because that already happened without the WIC, mostly a financial faillure and a war success, and the VOC's money.
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