Comments by "Steven Gill" (@stevengill1736) on "Asianometry" channel.

  1. I'm old enough to remember when Japan imported shiploads of scrap steel - Richmond, California was near where I grew up and back in the 60s you'd see trainloads of steel getting loaded on the ships there...
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  2. Toxicity is pretty much why the entire US chemical industry moved to China...and BTW, thanks for bringing up this aspect of the electronics industry. People' don't realize what a gigantic source of environmental impact our fancy gadgets have!
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  3. I still have my school photovoltaic powerwd calculator from the 1970s. It still works perfectly and never required a single battery, just a little ambient light. I wish more things that worked so well lasted that long....
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  4. I remember this scandal for some reason....was surprised because I think of Japan as less prone to scandals (silly me) Definitely liked the name of that one business park - so steampunk: Kawasaki Techtopia
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  5. Aaaah yes, the good old days of Obetrol and Desoxyn....Preludin was still available in the early 70s. Then there was dinitrophenol....if you survived it you sure did lose weight! You described it's discovery quite well - it was an intermediate in the production of picric acid, which is a little easier to make than TNT, so it was used despite it's tendency to react with metals forming picrate salts, some of which are quite sensitive, leading to accidental detonation, not a desirable situation. It was phased out after WW I. Nice video, thank you kindly. Cheers...
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  6. I suppose it's an example of "there's nothing new under the sun".
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  7. 60 kilodrops of Sn/second? That's so insane! Must be pretty small drops.....
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  8. My good friend Scott had an older brother John, who worked for a SF bay area phone company for most of his life. I think when he started phone traffic still went through relays, although in the late 60s things were modernizing fast. He was a technician, so when they made the turnover to all-computet switched, routed and ring signal controlled, he was in his element. At that time unlike Scott (who became a renowned electronics engineer himself), I knew little about computers, but John was a good spokesperson, and his descriptions of the multitudinous snafus that came up as the phone company adapted to software driven communication were easily absorbed . Him and Scott already had a home computer (think 1975), and it was their influence, as well as my fathers that finally got me interested in the digital world. But I lost track of them, although I'll never forget the red boxes we had (red boxes just emitted the sounds of coins falling into a pay phone, unlike blue boxes which emitted routing and other control tones). Yup, a lot could be said about those phone phreak days... But thank you for another interesting video - for some reason your videos often bring back fond memories [believe me, if I wasn't old and in the way I'd a joined your patreon long ago] Cheers ..... ;^=[}
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  9. You didn't mention the horrendous gender inequality that resulted from this policy, though that debacle warrants a lecture of it's own and I wouldn't be surprised if you'd already given one. To me, that inequality was the worst outcome of the one child policy, as of course many people decided having a boy was more desireable, with predictible results. Apparently the pandemic slowed the gradual resolution of this problem as well...
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  10. Anything to do with ads is gonna be completely wasted on me. I can see a LLM PA somewhere in there, but the rest gets a "meh" from me so far.... Great video, thank you!
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  11. "It's like haggling at a Taiwan night market" brought back wonderful memories of a visit to Kaosiung some time ago. But now I'll have to watch this one again after writing down the acronyms. I want to savor the details and Google search some of the principles. Also want to see how they apply to GPUs and the special chips coming out for AI research. Interesting stuff.... Cheers!
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  12. Only one IKEA joke? Hey, an Ikea computer would actually be pretty cool!!
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  13. I dunno anything except that 300 wafers/hour is astonishing, incredible, fantastic and amazing and all the other superlatives.... To me it appears that these machines are like the absolute peak of terrestrial technology...
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  14. Scary stuff - I recommend a book called "A Higher Form of Killing" if you want a pretty good historical overview. And don't forget those freaky Novichok agents...and then there's polonium....
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  15. "Zero energy reactor" has a curiously prophetic name....imagine a criticality so intense that one smelled ozone! Reminds me of that old Tom Lehrer song, "Who's Next?"
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  16. Quite a story...my brother & my dad both were very computer savvy and they both liked PCs, so when they got me interested I went DOS, then Windows, then (surprise) Linux. Now I'm agnostic - whatever's available is fine with me, though Android seems to be used more simply because smartphones are ubiquitous. Whatever works man, it's all good! ;^=[}
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  17. "Nitrogen vacancy centered diamonds are a girl's best friend"....m'ais naturellement!
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  18. My mom was treated with penicillin when it first came out, only to find that she was allergic. In those days of the late 40s antibiotic allergy was poorly understood, and she almost succumbed. I believe as antibiotic science progressed the allergenic factors were characterized and rates of allergic reactions went down, but apparently she was lucky to survive. It looks like you looked up some antibiotic statistics Jon...I did a report on this subject recently, and the quantities produced and consumed are truly astronomical. As you know they are produced in liquid culture which is filtered, leaving what's called the filter cake - this is high in nutritous materials and is added to animal feed - an excellent form of recycling - the problem (or advantage as the case may be) is that some antibiotic content in their feed can be growth promoting for the animals. Note that there are far more deleterious drugs than antibiotics in waste water - hormones, antivirals, nonsteroidal antiinflammatories, even some heart meds can have all sorts of environmental effects - I suppose abtibiotics get singled out due to the quantities produced and the danger of antibiotic immunity. This will be a huge problem until we don't feed farm animals tons of the stuff....but if one wants to delve into the world of environmental contamination, OMG, it's a growing field! Always great videos, thank you kindly....cheers.
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  19. At 2:27 you were naming neurotransmitters affected by methamphetamine - the one you called norephedrine is actually norepinephrine (noradrenaline). Sounds close, I know.... Norephedrine is related to ephedrine, and was used as a nasal decongestant, but it's pretty much been taken off the market....still too stimulating.... ;*[} I wonder if future generations will compare past meth epidemics to the one the US is in today - we're awash in the stuff, perhaps for similar reasons that Japan suffered.
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  20. Funny to think I was in junior high school when this was going on...my family didn't have a color TV till 1970 or so...half a lifetime ago, wow.
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  21. It's a darned recursive!!
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  22. That and the water... everything has to be sooo clean!
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  23. ​ @murdercom998  I know, I think that every time I hear news about confrontations, etc.
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  24. Phenomenal to me that they're doing lithography <= the wavelength of the the light utilized! The details had me saying "whoa!" or "holy kitty cats!" every few minutes. Reminds me of something from the Manhattan Project.
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  25. Wow, your voice sounds a little different - new mike? Hope yer healthy n happy - cheers. PS: you pronounce soldering interestingly - I think most Americans pronounce it with a silent L. ;*[} But that begs the question - why is it spelled that way? Sol - gel nomenclature?
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  26. Absolutely - we are saturated in RFI, especially in the city. Signal to noise ratio baby, DC to daylight! Blows my mind how lithography is doing everything these days, and software is doing the rest, eg software defined radio....
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  27. Gosh, I remember studying physiology in the late 60s when human nervous system understanding was still in the relative dark ages - for instance plasticity was still unknown, and they taught us that your nerves stopped growing at a young age and that was it. But I had no idea how far they'd come with machine learning in the Perceptron - already using tuneable weighted responses simulatong neurons? Wow! If they could have licked that multilayer problem it would have sped things up quite a bit. You mentioned the old chopped up planaria trick - are you familiar with the work of Dr Miachel Levin? His team is carrying the understanding of morphogenisis to new heights - amazing stuff! Thank you kindly for your videos! Cheers.
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  28. It'll be interesting to see how China deals with the energy storage problem....
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  29. Yes.,.it was fascinating hearing those stories. I sat spellbound for a couple hours listening to a YouTube discussion of that with interviews of you Navy guys. My brother was a Navy lifer and I remember him hinting about secret submarine missions. I could only imagine such things 'till recently! Hey, were those cable samples you guys have wire pairs or optical? It was a little while ago....
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  30. Fascinating....so much history of how we got here today.... reminds me that the smartphones and other miraculous electronics that we take for granted didn't just grow on trees...
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  31. I was on a merchant ship that drydocked in Kaohsiung some years ago, and I really liked it. I'm sorry to hear incomes are poor. The Taiwanese are great people, and I hope I can go back someday.
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  32. Thanks for the news - I'm in awe of TSMC so anything involving them is ovf interest.
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  33. There's an interesting compound called siloxene that's formed by dissolving calcium silicide in hydrochloric acid. A yellow solid is formed that when washed and dried is fairly stable. When treated with oxidizing agents it gives off a yellow orange chemiluminescence. It's one of a very few inorganic chemiluminescent agents. Apparently it's strange stuff - it has intercalated hydrogen, so it burns quietly when ignited, but apparently it's structure is similar to graphene in some respects, being made up of numerous sheets of silicon bonded to oxygen and OH groups. Not as exciting as graphene maybe, more like graphene oxide, but exotic nontheless....
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  34. I wondered if you'd get to this....thank you. Not used to hearing oil production in tons.... Wikipedia says there's 7.46 barrels/metric ton....hmmm....
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  35. Absolutely fascinating. I'm so glad to hear they're on the way to decomissioning. Hopefully people will be able to return safely if they wish....ah but there's the rub!
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  36. It's like the old etching your own PCB days, only different. ;^[} I'd think the costs of actual foundry production is way beyond individuals, but small companies needing experimental or very specialized gear might be excited about this....oh, you mentioned academia ...very much so!
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  37. Me too.....makes me wonder if a similar reversal will happen with NVIDIA.,.or with TSMC?
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  38. I find prions to be terrifying! I wonder if anyone has utilized alfa-fold to look at prions?
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  39. Yes, and it's gotten so good with steering that active phased array that you can drive a motor home with a Starlink antenna around and it still maintains the connection! I remember when those were new & the US DOD built those giant cold war versions....huge cement cubes with one face covered with little metal antennas....or like the USSRs "woodpecker" (Duga) near Chernobyl....
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  40. Here too - plus a bunch of compressed movie DVDs....dunno if my disc player even works anymore.... what's next after streaming? Telepathic music? 😊
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  41. Another example of how we benefitted from the industrial revolution, as sucrose sugar is now one of the cheapest purified carbohydrates in the world...
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  42. Way things are going, pretty soon you'll have one titled, "the rise and fall of CHATGTP" ;*[}
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  43. Well, add up the millions spent on coffee, khat, coke, methamphetamine, Ritalin & other ADHD meds, and...
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  44. By the 80s they already took over a lot of the auto industry....
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  45. Wow, a free electron laser? Getting more sci Fi every year....cheers! Heeey, I caught that REDACTED. ;*[}
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  46. Another might have been....what if Olivetti had developed the first home computers? I find these stories induce nostalgia for a past that never was...
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  47. These lithographic techniques just get more and more like black magic all the time - wouldn't surprise me if they announced that there were better platter yields during the dark of the moon, or if the chanting of the heart sutra played in the background didn't give higher definition of the ICs.
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  48. I dunno about better, but the scale was different - things were still accessible by craftsmen - nowadays it takes a bazillion dollars of equipment and a small army of craftsfolk of a dozen different disciplines even to design products, never mind manufacture them..
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  49. Yes, hot stuff! Or cold, as the case may be....
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  50. Basically an elaboration of crystal radios, but with more theory and purer materials. I guess the galena (lead sulfide) crystal acted like a diode, and by moving the wire whisker one could find a surface area that corresponded to the frequency desired. The tube amplifier performance was the goal, but the idea of solid state was there from the get-go, just a matter of finding the correct solid state materials.(and a heck of a lot of other engineering details). You could probably do an entire episode on the significance of purification, and how important extremely high purity of semiconductor elements has become...... So cool, thank you kindly for another thought provoking video...
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  51. Well, they thought (rightly apparently) that things might crystallize differently in zero G - did they get the desired crystalization?
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  52. That and the ESL (English as a second language) quality of certain word pronunciations! Yes, thank you kindly Jon - your voice is great (of course, you could have had a LLM sample your own voice and then let it narrate your shows ;*[}. ) NB: I like Scary Interesting too, but there's no accounting for bad taste 😊
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  53. I didn't know that it was predictable, but more power if so....I guess if a model like Alfa-fold works, why not? I wonder what Rupert Sheldrake would say about that? ;*[}
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  54. Well, that's a sight for sore eyes. ;*[¶
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  55. Good idea! Especially considering the recent Nordstream debacle. Just the hundreds of high pressure natural gas pipelines in the American southwest and beyond is a whole saga - then there's the web of petrochemical pipelines it the eastern US, not to mention crude oil conduits all over the world, there must be thousands of miles of them! When I was a kid I got to visit one of those natural gas pumping stations east of LA - there were these giant engines (running on natural gas of course) that would keep these huge pipes pressurized to feed the gas harvested in Texas to LA, San Diego and so on. Noisy place, runs 24/7 of course.... there's a number of them all over the place... somehow they keep those pipelines full year in, year out.... makes one ponder.... what's gonna happen when the gas runs out?
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  56. I'm amazed at how well LTE can work - we live about 7 miles from the SINGLE cell antenna available (nowhere near line of sight) in a rural location in northern California, and while it's often spotty, we can still make calls and watch YouTube videos. To me it's downright miraculous. Of course 5G doesn't work out here, but I'm grateful for what we have. But I can imagine what working out problems in crowded urban locations must be like....so many carriers, thousands of provider antenna farms, and gazillions of smart phones interfering with each other 24/7 - you must be very busy indeed....thank you!
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  57. So there an analog aspect of these calculators as well? Very cool...exactly what was wanted. Can't wait to see how this tech works out....cheers
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  58. The Soviet internet... fascinating. I had no idea..... thank you kindly.
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  59. Fascinating - seems like we're approaching limits of scale at some point....this is where someone develops a new material or a new paradigm to take digital manipulation to the next level....optics? Magnetohydrodynamics? Some new graphene variant? Can't wait to find out...
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  60. Great to hear your viewpoint of this LLM stuff...I had some issues with guardrails as well, mostly involving questions it refused to answer that could be googled instantly. Thank you for your input.
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  61. Ads for Claude while I was watching, of course...
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  62. They've got good rare earth supplies, massive lithium too - they're set! I mean, if you wanted to cover minerals and other raw materials, sure ... don't forget metals (tantalum, niobium, etc) Cheers....
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  63. Thanks for that. What about Tor and the dark web as they call it - is Tor blocked in China? Also, I've dealt with companies in China using a VPN - how does that work? Is it permitted if you're a foreigner buying something? Thank you kindly...
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  64. OK, cool, but is there really a sequel? ;^[}
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  65. It's OK, the DNA is in his body somewhere, just sequence a few tissue samples, etc. 😊 (actually, that's a great plot for a sci fi story!)
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  66. News to me, wow - I wonder how that will affect quality of their products?
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  67. Hey, when in doubt, duck it! 😊
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  68. Interestingly, organic solvents were used, especially for photoresists in the old days, but they became a pollution problem, so the resist systems were reformulated so they would use water, and here we are. But thank goodness, 'cause at the scale fabs go at these days, the amount of organic solvents would have been enormous...
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  69. I remember looking at such chips under the microscope in those days and seeing whole cities - factories, apartment buildings, suburbs and little strip malls and highways connecting everything..... Since I grew up in the SF Bay area, it wasn't uncommon to be picked up hitchiking by some Silicon Valley entrepreneur commuting from their valley fab to their home in Santa Rosa - some of those guys carried a dish with a slice of ic covered silicon, ready to show off their latest lithography....it was quite common before everything moved offshore... Those of us that grew up in that environment were extremely lucky, IMHO.
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  70. It's interesting that camphor was used as a medication in the 1800s....so was strychnine BTW! And the use of camphor in celluloid makes it one of the first plasticizers. But can you imagine handling celluloid? For awhile I had a roll of old nitrate film, and it did indeed burn quite well ! I studied camphor in school but I'd totally forgotten it's history in what used to be called Formosa - fascinating!
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  71. LOL - when I was first studying chemistry back in the precambrian era, I prnounced toluene "tool een", and that was one of the less egregious pronouciations! ( pronounced eeeee greee gee us). ;*[}
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  72. He was testing us - wanted to see how many would notice....😊
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  73. No shoes till he was 18? Sounds painful!
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  74. ​ @FallingPicturesProductions  Plus we're getting the background that led up to all this....
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  75. ...and even if such weapons weren't developed, the crap left after mining, milling and mixing uranium and it's daughter products would have been a nightmare to clean up, just like it has been everywhere else in the world....
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  76. Actually the start of the mp3 revolution was long before Napster - as soon as Fraunhofer made the command line driven codec available computer enthusiasts were generating mp3s and trading them on IRCs or newsgroups. It was quite a lively scene, although it sped up when Napster, Limewire, etc simplified trading. Then of course torrent files started, so entire catalogs, not just albums could be traded, and then with the start of torrent indexers like The Pirate Bay, the rest, as you pointed out, was history. I don't know if it fits with your venue, but mp3 tech is another funny wrinkle in computer technology - do people even bother with audio file compression anymore? SSDs are so common now, storage is cheap and anyone can afford to store music or video....but then again, streaming has become ubiquitous, so local storage is theoretically unnecessary. Actually, I don't know anything about streaming tech, although I've heard it comprises a gigantic part of internet traffic, with all that entails in energy and water consumption. Maybe another story for your fascinating channel - thanks again for your efforts! Cheers....
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  77. Was this company related to Micron PC? I had a Micron in the early 90s and it was a great machine - came with Windows for Workgroups, LOL...
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  78. Yes. The programmable HP calculators were even more so....remember the little strip of ferrite coated plastic it could read and write to? For me it was alien technology that somehow fell to Earth. ;^[}
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  79. The revolution as I understand it is the integration of analog and digital modes...easy to say, but the actual hardwar? Yikes! Interesting subject - cheers...
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  80. Apparently the use of synthetic data is supposed to avoid DRCM or copyright issues as well as speed up processing, but I had to look up synthetic data: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_data
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  81. Good one! I have friends that went through both interferon and sofosbuvir, and there's no comparison - the side effects of the former were stunning in scope. Also the treatment lasted 12 months or more compared to four for Sovaldi, which as far as I could tell was free of any side effects at all. The use of AI in developing leads in medicinal chemistry will probably speed up the development of new antivirals and other meds significantly - a subject we're hearing a lot about in the pharmacology world. Thank you kindly for covering this - it's quite a success story...
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  82. As long as they didn't build the sets backwards...this was about when they started talking about x-ray emission of CRTs - I remember people realizing the back of a set being against the wall of the room their kids slept in and the like...
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  83. Darned BASIC "obscene word" viruses! ;^[}
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  84. ....and we all benefit from both - may we continue to do so peacefully in the future...
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  85. I remember those Hewlett Packard calculators that were programmable with little strips of magnetic tape - for the early 1970s it was pretty rad. Our college actually had a special conference to decide if calculators would be allowed in finals, can you imagine?
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  86. I'm pretty sure (when they recycle it) they have to put it through the same steps - only way to make sure it's particulate free. But it saves a lot of money, especially in areas that are arid by nature...
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  87. I'm just waiting for terahertz transmitters in our phones that give the strong sensation of burning under the skin like those antiriot machines built by the US Army. 😊. ;*[}. Also affected by that darned inverse square law.. And antennas are another black art...I didn't know that some antennas use fractal shapes....
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  88. That tradition started with the Soviet's - they claimed credit for many scientific discoveries in the 50s and beyond.
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  89. Did the executive ever say, " I beg your pardon, I never promised you a rose garden"? (sorry...flashbacks) I can't believe how popular that place is! Almost more so than the domestic Disneylands...I wonder how the demographic shifts will affect that in the future?
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  90. It's worse than Clippy? Yikes!
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  91. My thoughts exactly.....
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  92. Thermo Fischer seems to be into EVERYTHING.....
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  93. There's some things that money just can't buy.... Darn, every time I hear Abu Dhabi I think of that film where Jim Carrey sings the Abu Dabi song playing congas...
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  94. Do you think this will help our economy here in the US? I sure hope so - we need to find a way of getting through this post- covid stall, or whatever you wanna call it....I think your conclusions are correct, it's not gonna happen overnight....and this election year too, yikes!!!! This darned meth/fentanyl business too - it's not gonna work for China, Mexico OR the US until that levels off at last.....
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  95. At least you know that the memory will be biodegradable.... e-waste to compost, no problem.
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  96. Wow, Bulgaria, whoda thunk it? I guess Albania was too busy manufacturing guns and ammunition in their cold war factories....
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  97. Reminds me of the fates of sponge divers and red coral divers....
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  98. Zippers are so important, and if they're made with good quality can last a long time. I look for metal zippers that are heavy duty, like on raincoats or large sleeping bags or tents. Then they don't jam or break like cheap plastic ones... Who knew that someone had cornered the market? Cheers...
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  99. Yay! Good for them.... another case where competition helped advance things. Didn't you talk a little about BSPD a few episodes ago? I read something about it somewhere.... At some point, seems to me, we'll have to go to optical or virtual or some other medium that transcends the nanometrc scale completely....but what? We've invested trillions in EUV scale lithography, so once the medium changes, what do we do with all that bazillion dollar gear?
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  100. You need an angel, or magic investor - hope you find one.....cheers.
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  101. Yup, I was going to make a witty comment, but the hot dry wind evaporated it from my mind. ;*[} Yeah, here in northern California we've thought about those solutions for evaporation, but they all would cut back on the summer skinnydip too much...cheers.
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  102. Pretty neat....it was the other way around with my dad, as he was the one that got me started with computers, and I guess my older brother was the one who started him....
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  103. Wait - I thought it was like on that show, "For All Mankind"..... ;^=[}
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  104. Wow, I lived in the bay area back then....used to pass that plant going to Fry's for computer gear....another era. ;*[} Interesting history...cheers.
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  105. Makes sense - GPUs do nothing but draw millions of triangles all day long, so...
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  106. The specific heat (abolity to transfer heat) of water isn't affected as much by impurities as other properties, unless there's enough to change that property - for instance antifreeze reduces the heat transfer ability a little, but it's worth it if it keeps a cooling system from freezing.
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  107. Many great sci fi stories included either solar light mirroring or more commonly power from solar panels in orbit converted to microwave and beamed to rectennas on Earth (rectennas = antennas that convert microwave to electrical energy). The usual sci fi scenarios usually included the microwave beam drifting off target and incinerating towns, cities, etc....dunno how realistic that would be but it made for great space opera.
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  108. We were so lucky to grow up in this era....
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  109. It's a mess, and with the premier fab of the world dangling like ripe fruit practically a stone's throw off the Chinese mainland...as Sherlock Holmes used to say, "these are deep waters, Watson"...deep waters indeed.
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  110. It would be interesting to hear about the greening of photoresist chemistry.... I had no idea fluoropolymers played a role since it seems they'd be hard to remove! Cheers...
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  111. People mention chess and go as landmarks in neural net/machine learning, but seldom mention Google's Deep Dream, which for me was a fascinating implementation of this technology. The fact that you could instantiate a basic version on your own machine, including (if I remember correctly) porting all calculations via CUDA to your GPU. That was really fun, and that was when, 2015? I can't wait to see the future of this development. Thank you kindly for the overview, which was sorely needed!
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  112. Just hope the runoff doesn't affect the Great Barrier Reef....
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  113. This is such a cliche, but the year really flew by....! Thank you kindly Jon, and happy merry...."have a cool yule and a frantic first...." NB: The diversity of subject matter is always appreciated! Cheers ..
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  114. So THAT'S how TSMC started! But what's going on in the world that's any different from other years? "Same as it ever was" as the song goes, we're just moving into that future described by Blade Runner and other cyberpunk fiction of yesteryear...
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  115. Design for disassembly is needed....if more things were manufactured with recycling in mind it'd be a lot better IMHO. As for lead/acid....yikes! Our recycling of lead at 99% is something to be proud of. And, if those old lithium batteries still work at 85%, I know a lot of stand-alone solar power people that would love a few!
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  116. So how does this tie into the "surveillance state" model?
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  117. Coils, yay! Next comes radio. ;*[} (or rather next comes analog ML...) And phase change sounds slow....like burning DVDs... we'll see - cheers.
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  118. I loved the end: "all right folks, thanks for WATCHing....."
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  119. Had no idea China had cornered the Ge and Ga market too!! Cool that the recycling is so good, but for Ge it sounds like it's mostly military, so not necessarily long term dependable. Gallium is totally cool....any metal that melts in your hand is cool (except NaK, the sodium potassium eutectic of course - that would happily burn in your flesh) I don't think such limits to technology ever work in the long run... IMHO only the Chinese people can change China's politics in the long run....
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  120. That's right, VHS was analog.....wow. Did they ever use a video version of DAT?
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  121. With us it was those radios and fireworks - junior high school was like mad bomber school for one spring in 1965 - they had to threaten the entire 7th & 8th grade with expulsion to stop firecrackers and M-80s from flying during every recess.....
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  122. And for a different view, try Rupert Sheldrake.....he gas YT vids, but his theories aren't accepted generally....
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  123. I'm sure everyone was wondering what your opinion on LLMs would be .. Underwhelming or overtaking, it's not the singularity of our ancestors....
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  124. So you think it was worth it? Hopefully you didn't have to sell your car twice to cover it. 😊
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  125. Only 40% of our meds come from India? I thought it was 60 or more! But if you separate generics it makes sense I guess. And wow, India's first generic success was propranolol? I was one of their first customers in 1987 or so. It was way less expensive as a generic. It's an amazing story that was really augmented by the AIDS epidemic and India's willingness to produce them less expensively, which saved many lives.
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  126. You probably remember hearing about the severe land subsidence here in California in the Central Valley during the drought a few years ago.....
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  127. Foopadelic baby!
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  128. Were you inspired to do a video on this subject by the news that someone was able to trigger a data dump from ChatGTP by asking it to repeat a woro or phrase over and over again forever? Talk about topical! I just heard the news about that today. But that was an easy fix - your video follows the idea to the ultimate - pretty amazing. https://youtu.be/KwpeuqT69fw?si=NpZPkyO9sEEv9Pj8
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  129. Someone stuck a magnetic mount passive RFID on the back of my pickup truck a couple years ago....I wonder what for? The cops use active ones, plus it6been many moons since any agency would be interested in me... But a passive one.....what would be the point? These days RFIDs don't work for theft prevention because these days thieves are so brazen they don't care if alarms go off....
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  130. Bitched about the electrical draw of machine learning data centers, but I forgot about the water footprint! Holy kitty cats...water cooling in power production too.... kilowatts and gallons and cooling, oh my! (the more I learn about this the less interested I am in so-called AI, but meanwhile I was dreaming of data centers in Antarctica)
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  131. Remember the AI - run paper clip factory? Instead AI will make us build server farms and data centers! 😮
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  132. That's what I wondered, if the silicon components are getting smaller than the wavelength of visible light, how to integrate them? Wow!
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  133. "Oak Ridge nuclear and hot chicken lab"?? Lost me on that one....but that fiendish DRIE.... that's amazing! Cheers..
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  134. This tech has made medical x-rays far safer too...
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  135. And I think we all wonder what's next with China's SC industry! Them and Taiwan of course....
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  136. I guess there's still a market for luxury watches like Rolex...other than that, what- data watches for athletes, etc? Interesting that they farmed out (literally!) part production to rural people who had little to do in the winter - probably better pay than being a task rabbit training large language models or the like for what, 35 cents an hour?
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  137. Thank you for not being sucked into the political machinations!
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  138. Yes...."he decided to make Intel the MacDonalds of semiconductors,.." With all that entails.....
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  139. Plus more recently (post WW II days) the highways and later freeways were drafted into the Cold war and were expected to be able to carry massive movement of people and war material in case of nuclear attack.
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  140. I agree 100%, but it's always like that, isn't it? Do you remember that TV series, "Silicon Valley"? I still think they pretty much nailed it, and even today their insights apply....always enjoy your insights n usually agree - I personally think its a bit of overkill, and unless we develop fusion power, somewhat wasteful....cheers.
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  141. Yes, and the amounts are truly industrial - but so are the other pharmaceuticals, and for that matter, all the other sources of chemical contamination eg perfluorosurfactants and other "forever chemicals", etc.
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  142.  @masternobody1896  ...and lower power consumption so things stay cooler & batteries last longer - that's what I'm looking forward to. Cheers...
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  143. Sorry, you're right - editing....
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  144. Hey man....another great electronics history lesson - thank you kindly! You were talking about US Navy efforts at breaking German code from subs during WW II - didn't the UK share their info on Enigma? Or I guess that was later... My brother was in the US Navy school at Monterey, CA in the 80s, and one of the things that he was allowed to show visitors was their Cray Supercomputer Center...it was suitably impressive! By now my laptop plus a couple NVIDIA GPUs could probably do the same job ;^[}
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  145. Everybody raced to get the weapons of war - the Soviet's got the nerve gas plants and the US got the rocket scientists... But the area was helped by the Marshall Plan, even East Germany to a minor extent. (I believe there was a black market even there??) ....and the uprising in East Germany started as I was born...all my fault no doubt.
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  146. It feels like a form of magnetism...
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  147. FINFETs, cool! This 3D direction is going to be incredible!Cheers. .
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  148. Besides Aum Shinrikyo there was the followers of Bagwan Rajneesh, who as part of a political campaign in Oregon distributed home grown salmonella to restaurants in a town near them: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_Rajneeshee_bioterror_attack
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  149. Totally amazing! Talk about a formula with multiple variables...am I mistaken, or would this benefit from machine learning, eg LLMs? (just as I wrote this, Jon mentioned it) Synopsis, wow, I'm impressed. Same thing's happening with molecular design in pharmaceutical development, and all sorts of other material designing fields.....thanks Jon, I missed this one when it came out....
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  150. Trains are so cool....they really held us together during covid, and now the ability to move freight east to west coast & vice versa has helped tremendously in these recent days of supply chain disturbances and drought in Panama..... Your choices of topics have been quite germane to current events - cheers ... And as the song goes, "these are the days of miracles and wonders..." And one of these wonders has been the people who jump trains for amusement or just wanderlust....plenty of these adventures here on YT. Trains are a great way to travel, but less here than in Nexico or in Europe. I got to ride Ferrocarriles de México for a couple weeks when I was a kid......that was an adventure! Cheers....
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  151. Gosh, I never really considered an LLM OS....like in the film "Her", eh? I'd consider an LLM like Claude or whatever as a PA, but I'd prefer the kernel to be hard coded - one would fear that an LLM could be talked into anything, especially if it was allowed unmonitored access to the web.... "the sun don't shine on the same dog's butt every day..." LOL, gotta admit I've never heard that one before.... ;^=[} But this is a fantastic overview - I feel lucky to have experienced the last 40 years or so of that development, and of course before that got the obligatory 6th grade tour of the local Bell telephone exchange where we heard the merry clicks of giant rooms full of relays routing calls and watched a card sorting machine figure out that months bills in what, 1964? It's been a glorious journey, hasn't it?
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  152. LOL - I guess that's what we call a bucket list.... hopefully my bod will become sod for some hungry plants, me too... Cheers....
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  153. No one thought too much about those cables until first the news broke a few years ago about how various nations cut into them for intelligence gathering during the Cold war and more recently the Houthis among others have targeted them for various political reasons.... Here in Northern California, Facebook added a cable a couple years ago to increase connectivity with Asia. I suppose the cable carries other traffic besides Facebook - hope so since I don't use FB. ;*[} Fascinating stuff, thank you for researching this - I actually bought a book on undersea cables a few years ago, but it's not up to date. Like that Nordstream pipeline they blew up, those cables are relatively easy to attack, so as you pointed out they can be relatively easily cut - just another vulnerability in our infrastructure one supposes... there's a great book written in the 1980s called "Brittle Power" that discusses such things - still relevant after four decades... Anyone interested can get a free copy as a PDF online.... Cheers.
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  154. Makes me wonder what exotic materials they'll develop in the future?
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  155. Happens to me all the time with my Amazon packages too, except I get random experimental NSA monitoring programs. ;*p
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  156. "don't be sorry, just be better".... that's a good one - cheers.
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  157. Holy kitty cats! If those mirrors get any bigger, they'll be used in giant telescopes second-hand!
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  158. "Heavy water...kind of". ;*=[}
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  159. Hopefully not the end, just a hiatus of a few decades {]*;😊;*[}
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  160. Wow, more history that spawned so much of what we take for granted these days.... can't wait to hear the next installment! Thank you kindly for your videos, n hey, what happened? It's 2024......whoda thunk it?? 😊
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  161. That's a whole lotta desalination!! I suppose nuclear desalination would be the best, but the whole nuclear issue...sheesh. Then the floods, wow - too bad they couldn't save all the floodwaters for the drought years, but it'd take a three gorges sized dam to hold it all...
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  162. Too bad - I'm still waiting for the ultra high efficiency chips that'll make a phone run for a week on one battery charge. ;*[} (NB: is that even possible thermodynamically?)
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  163. Hey, I missed the Shaw theaters one, thanks! I spent a month in Kaosiung in 1980 when a ship I worked on drydocked there. It was a busy little town back then, and those were the days when Taiwan was the textbook pirate of the world. I still have the medical textbooks I bought vack then for a quarter of what they cost stateside. In those days blue collar workers chewed betel, and I found it quite enjoyable, especially the fresh nut, betel leaves and spices concoctions on ice that vendors would trundle around town. People there seemed friendly, and the street vendors at night were fun to check out, even if you weren't buying.
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  164. Zaibatsudelic baby!
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  165. ​ @falconeagle3655  I wonder what effect large language models writing code will have on this? Make better, less bloated software or worse?
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  166. Never heard of it believe it or not, but tapioca is great, sounds quite tasty! Have to try this interesting variant, cheers.
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  167. It never occurred to me that chip design could be modular! But of course, makes sense. I wonder if AI (there must be better words for machine learning) will take over IC design eventually, and find unanticipated designs like Alpha Go for that game?
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  168. For a minute I read, "wafer bombing...!" I didn't know glass cold welded, wow - I've seen polished aluminum do that - it's amazing....
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  169. They'll cook my mom dinner? Cool! ;*[}>. Hopefully it'll find a way ...look how the medicinal chemistry search for new drugs us being automated....
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  170. Oh yeah! This was what Rupert Sheldrake was talking about decades ago...what was it, formative causation? i.e. morphic resonance theory ... cool!
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  171. ...and shipping them was pretty dramatic too.,.
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  172. ​ @VarieTea729  Yes: a very controlled process backed up by a lot of high energy x-ray imaging and other quality control measures....
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  173. ​ @MrDanisve  Don't they get hydrogen embrittlement in that process?
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  174. I recently read of wafers made of a silicon-germanium alloy that are much tougher, for applications like
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  175. I remember when they called pulling boules zone refining, but it's understood tha this is an aspect of the CZ method....also, I've heard silicon-germanium alloys are being looked at. Thank you kindly.
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  176. That's so neat! I wonder if there's such a thing online somewhere?
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  177. Yes - that purification of materials to unheard of levels affected a lot of materials - I wonder how much so was attributable to the Manhattan project?
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  178. Bruce Lee would have made an awesome Shaolin monk!
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  179. Probably will be an app with a little box you plug into the phone.....sample prep will still be an issue though.... ;*[}
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  180. Interesting materials, thank you....
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  181. That picture at 14:45 is such a classic....."let's go nuclear now, everybody's learning how, come on and safari with me!!" Rancho Seco near Sacramento was the one I learned on...
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  182. When I was a kid one of my friends was becoming an electronics engineer, and one of the experiments he tried was heating selenium rectifiers to vaporize the selenium and then condensing it on a cold glass surface....it worked as a source of selenium for an element collection, but the fumes were gnarly! I remember the powerful odor, somewhat similar to garlic....
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  183. Wow - I'm proud of you....ahead of the curve!😊. Cheers..
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  184. Fapping? Church of the Subgenius lingo. But hey, there's no prob with "Bob" ;*[}
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  185. More than two....
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  186. "Extreme Heterogeny"...great name for a band! How was the resources use of a Google search compared to ChatGTP anyway? Betting the latter = >>expense!!
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  187. Very good points - I hope we can find plenty of people interested in working on the line in fabs, because we need the industry, for sure.
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  188. I hope someone sets up an ultra efficient Li battery recycling plant....
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  189. Forgive me if this is a duplicate post... If you think others might be interested, there's a procedure called calcium imaging that coupled with microscopy can show neurons firing in living tissue - zoom out a little and waves of neural activity can be seen in real time....like magic to me... Glad I didn't miss this video, another fascinating romp through the technical universe...cheers.
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  190. Yup.....megabytes of microchips as the old joke goes ...
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  191. Man, EVERYTHING is counterfeited these days!! What a nightmare...
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  192. Gosh, pretty heavy freight I'd guess....oil diffusion vacuum pump included? Had a neighbor that had similar from UC Berkeley...he was always tinkering, but eventually got some excellent images...
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  193. How about Kweitow Mai-tais? Mao tie Mai-tais? (next they'll tell me Mai-tais CAME from Moutai...) did they say liquor was baijo? Up to 120 proof? Yikes! https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baijiu
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  194. Wow, Dow SILK - a dielectric polymer with crazy chemistry...
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  195. "what's it all about, ArFeee?". ;*p
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  196. All these companies.... growing up in the bay area made them so familiar - having a friend who was becoming an electronics engineer meant learning a little about photoresists and the like, but the bay area had all sorts of creative new businesses of all kinds. Narional Semiconductor catalogs laying around....yup, great place to grow up if you were scientifically inclined.....
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  197. ...or you're psychic and.....what new video subject am I thinking of right now! (I don't know if a video on "right to repair" or this creeping movement towards consumers not owning anything, everyone's being forced to subscribe to everything...but that's probably not your bailiwick Jon, cheers!)
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  198. FINFET just rolls off the tongue, n'est ce pas? Seriously, another invention gifted to us by public research (DARPA again)....
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  199.  @alanmoore2197  Thank you kindly Alan - my knowledge of the history of calculatos is nonexistent, but those HP ones were the beginning of my interest in such things, so they stuck in my mind. I know they were the sine qua non at the time. Heck, in my chemistry class we had an electronic calculator, basically a glorified adding machine with Nixie tube displays, go figure! ;*p
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  200. Is it happening everywhere?
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  201. Making me hungry......oh yeah, near dinnertime....
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  202. Wow, semiconductors to superconductors - what a difference....yet similar chemistry and physics are applied...and at 2:57 cryotrons are mentioned, and that newspaper headline reminds me so much of speculation about quantum computers today! (Called RSFQ now, thank you) Earlier, was trying to remember the word, "anisotropic", which applies to some of these materials ...
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  203. They have a gigantic collection of cold war bunkers.... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunkers_in_Albania
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  204. That's an interesting thought....if one included all the different workstations, servers, laptops and smartphones it's packets went through, might be a few....
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  205. No, because it's support infrastructure (the body) has to run 24/7 and some of it is controlled by various feedback loops by the brain itself. There are various low energy modes that reduce energy consumption dramatically, for instance sleep, hibernation, anesthesia, etc. Unfortunately shutting the brain off completely tends to maximize entropy of the entire system...
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  206. My thoughts exactly about water...fabs (and other water intensive industries) in Arizona? Hopefully it'll be worth distilling and recycling the effluent, because water is going to be harder and harder to find...LOL, electrodialysis works "by the power of friendship"....are you testing to see if people are paying attention? But yeah, the industry is so valuable, they could practically desalinate seawater in the Gulf and pump it inland! (Some people are suggesting nuclear desalination, and that may end up being a reality someday)
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  207. Good grief, and I thought US politics was wild! Reminded me of that horrific ferry accident - yikes. - but I didn't know they had a MERS outbreak too. I liked Korea when I visited Busan years ago...hope they're doing OK now...cheers...
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  208. I geew up next to a Nike missile base - laughably retro now, but with all these missiles flying around these days, it wouldn't surprise me if some of them resembled the old Nike-X system.
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  209. "the sun don't shine on the same dog's butt every day..." LOL, gotta admit I've never heard that one before.... ;^=[} But this is a fantastic overview - I feel lucky to have experienced the last 40 years or so of that development, and of course before that got the obligatory 6th grade tour of the local Bell telephone exchange where we heard the merry clicks of giant rooms full of relays routing calls and watched a card sorting machine figure out that months bills in what, 1964? It's been a glorious journey, hasn't it?
    1