Youtube comments of Mark Pawelek (@mark4asp).

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  35. Gaad asks the question: "Why do some of us believe in merit?" A: Because, during our lived experience, we learnt that hard work brings success in life, those of us with talent, who work hard, skilfully, and seek continuous improvement, are successful. Reality tells us to believe in merit. Personally, I never believed that 'equity' and diversity hires could lessen the imbalance in race, or sex, in particular career paths. I did believe that more effort put into education, could overcome these imbalances in future. But during my career as an educator, I came to believe that only good parenting, a good school and social ethos will put kids on the road to life success. An educator needs a good school system to work in; because the ethos at the school is so important for the majority of school kids. During my time as an educator, some (failing) kids actually asked me, several times, how much money it would take to bribe me, so that I'd pass them on their exams; especially some of those of central South Asian heritage. Bribery, corruption, and an ethos of nepotism will be the fruit of diversity hires and running the workplace on racial quotas. Because - when we tell kids that merit is secondary to race, and sex in life - we're educating them not to believe in merit. They won't believe in seeking excellence. Promoting diversity destroys their futures, for a short-term, feeling that we did the right thing. All the disastrous kids (including potential future psychopaths) I came across - who didn't work hard, did not seek excellence, turned up late, ... - behaved that way because that was their culture and ethos. Many of them were, totally unskilled at educating themselves.
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  96. A: On the other-side. "Hitler wasn't a socialist" argument can begin: 1. Hitler was still in the German army when he joined what was to become the NAZI Party [ German Workers' Party. After he joined it was renamed: "German National Socialist Workers' Party"), although Hitler earlier suggested the party to be renamed the "Social Revolutionary Party" ] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Workers%27_Party 2. Hitler was essentially a state spy looking out for potential subversives. This was a time of revolutions; so the German army were legitimately concerned about what radicals such as socialists were up to. B: Having said that (above), Hitler was a "German people's socialist". He was against "International socialism". He was an anti-Marxist. ERROR: Hitler didn't call Marx unscientific. The NAZIs were contemptuous of both science and ideas. NAZIs believed in intuition, not intellectualism. I've a tiny disagreement, I'm with TIKhistory on most of what he says because the facts and history are clear. BTW: Marx's habit of slandering his opponents as "unscientific" makes little sense. Because, you guessed, Marx and his Marxists aren't scientific! Marxists have no empirical methods; their methods are driven by Marx's metaphysics : 1. "Historical Materialism" (including his class analysis of everything in history). 2. Marx's economics (where almost anything goes - provided it's "anti-capitalist" : e.g. Malthusian eco-poverty is now "anti-capitalist"!, as was Pol Pot, as is Keynesian Marxism. 3. Dialectical Materialism - which is ... - er what - what is it? A Marxist will never tell you so why do you expect an answer from me? 4. Revolution.
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  160. Andrew Gold asks "why did DiAngelo do it"? Why not simply cite the authors she plagiarizes? Simple: Because she wanted to say something (make something up) but the texts she was reading did not explicitly support what she said. Detailed: See below. Some of the passages DiAngelo plagiarizes are summaries by ONE source of other sources. For example Nakayama and Krizek cited Gans(1979) to make a point. Then on Waters(1990) to elaborate on that point. But they were applying their conclusions to a "small group of white people" whom they interviewed. DiAngelo plagiarizes Nakayama and Krizek, and included the citations to Gans and Waters to subtly change the point being made. For example DiAngelo makes it about Tiffany and she uses that plagiarized work of Nakayama and Krizek to change to thrust of the argument by changing key passages. Because Nakayama and Krizek cited Gans and Waters to make specific points their research had a logic to it. But DiAngelo takes those passages from Nakayama and Krizek (without attributing them to the authors), cites Gans and Waters as well to make a slightly different point. But is her writing valid? Did she read the texts by Gans and Waters which she cites? Are the conclusions DiAngelo comes to logically valid. It seems not likely. Her work could just be made up! So this is why she plagiarizes. She cuts and pastes serious sounding text to cite writers (Gans and Waters) who she's probably not read to make the argument she wants to make. It's novel. Because no one said before. So it gets the PhD. But it's likely not true. Because she never read Gans and Waters. She merely read other people who had read them. Gut 'n' paste PhD. Some of the passages DiAngelo is accused of plagiarizing. https://freebeacon.com/campus/robin-diangelo-plagiarized-minority-scholars-complaint-alleges/
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  181. The "ideology" we find in media is simply a distillation of the biases of the journalists who write media. Every society has a culture or cultures and ideology of media is generally the unconscious expression our the journalists culture which we encounter. Some of us only notice ideologies which rub up against our own biases and view-points. It is impossible to represent any idea to another without putting an ideological spin on it. Your critique of ideology is ancient Marxism, and idealism. Only Marxists critique ideology, because only Marxists think there's such a thing as an objective viewpoint. Objectivity is a myth. Ideology is the norm; and hegemony is the form it takes. That does not mean we should rejoice in this state of affairs. It probably means we should look for more heterodox sources for news, reporting, and opinion. I leave that as an exercise for the reader. Woke is a fabrication the left created for themselves because they needed common ideas to unite behind for their own anti-hegemony. Since after the early 1990s the left basically gave up on Marxism/communism. So we had a left fragmented into Feminism, Anti-racism, anti-capitalism, gay rights, environmentalism, ... - isms/schisms. Woke puts these disparate movements into a straight-jacket to unify them in the same way Marxism, or Fabianism had once unified the left. To existing oppositional left ideas woke bolts on myths of anti-colonialism, DEI, and Sustainability, Net Zero, virus paranoia as ideals. Woke is a meme to unite modern leftists.
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  197. Climate change is NOT about the changing climate. It is a proxy eugenicist / Malthusian discussion. Climate change is an attempt at a grand ("Platonic" - see The Republic) noble lie. Like previous noble lies it's elite group-think. But unlike Socrates' noble lies and most from the past (religions, nationalisms, ...), today's noble lies are ONLY here to scare us - not to inspire us. Our elites no longer lead, they think they "nudge". Climate sensitivity is pseudo-science. "Greenhouse gases", do not drive climate changes, nor does pollution, nor anything man-made. The sun dominates climate changes. Climate models are bad; varying from could-do-better to absolute garbage. Greenhouse gas climate models are the garbage. These are the official, IPCC, WEF, green-NGO models. These model validations discussed here are pseudo or illegitimate science. In real (working) science it does not matter who validates a model because empiricist research is competence-based. Skilled empirical scientists agree. That's why the research is accepted as a validation. No theorist, nor modeller validates their own theory or model. But "climate change" is elite groupthink; a noble lie. Elites only want to hear lies. More importantly, they only you to hear lies. So, ONLY modelers and IPCC spawn are allowed to validate climate models. Non groupthink is rejected by scientific journals, and the researchers are monstered as 'climate deniers'. Big journals are all run by elites. For example, James Hansen is a modeler and greenhouse gas theorist. With good science he would not be validating his own work. It's a shame Sabine was bought into the groupthink. I guess she makes too much money from elite funders. It really is evil lying to kids about the world ending. Sabine should be ashamed of herself. PS 1: Sabine has been invited to discuss this with expert doom-skeptics, but she refused as there was no payment for her. PS 2: Not all noble lies are elite. For example: woke, Marxism, feminism, ... are anti-establishment. But anti-elite noble lies are all dreamt up by academics. None are validated (AKA: they don't work either). PS 3: Other climate models, those unofficial, non-IPCC ones are interesting but every one of them - I "believed in" - disappointed me.
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  198.  @lilbabyjessie8686  1. I have degree (1st class honours, Open University, UK). I went through college. I have a scientific education too. (HND Chemistry & Microbiology). I also studied philosophy for 3 years part-time: I attended a seminar given by lefty philosopher Peter Dews on "Modern Continental Philosophy". So I understand how to debate. 2. I understand the scientific arguments for man-made climate change and I consider those arguments to be based of sketchy, illegitimate, dishonest, science. Bad science is called fake science after the bad science has been called out and explained, and the "scientists" responsible for it refuse to defend their ideas. 3. Q: Why are the arguments for man-made climate change dishonest? A: Because proponents will not debate. People who will not debate are evil fanatics. They are evil because debate is fundamental to democracy. Climate alarmists crap on democracy be refusing to debate. They are evil because they are contemptuous of democracy, free speech, and the Open Society. 4. If you don't believe these 'bad climate scientists': "how can you believe any scientists ever?" A: One can believe scientists on the basis of the evidence they're willing to give us. It's all about evidence, and the quality of such. For example, the organization "Sense about Science" < https://senseaboutscience.org > have a motto "Ask for evidence". Skeptics of man-made climate change, such as I, stress different evidence. 5. "why would the earth start to naturally warm up right after the industrial revolution, that just seems like too much of a coincidence to me" Earth's climate is not "stable". It changes seasonally, by location, and in cycles : in tune with natural drivers. The sun is the overwhelming natural driver of climate change. This is proven here: < https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07Y1YDYDF/ > Much of the time earth is warming or cooling. So it is a coincidence it warmed in the last 250 years; a trite coincidence. 6. "Climate change" is a Malthusian scare. It destroys of faith in society, the future, and our own ability to think for ourselves. 7. "Climate change" is run by the ESG Cartel <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rW9ZuApy9KU> of evil financiers and capitalists. Malthusian scares have a terrible history: the Second World War began due to Malthusian concerns of the NAZIs. Obviously, there's the Left, Dems, enviro-NGOs and such but the reason why you hear about it all the time is due to the ESG Cartel. The reason social media censor climate alarm skeptics is due to the ESG Cartel. If you want to understand where the "climate, trans-person, anti-heterosexual, anti-White" agenda comes from watch the video above. It may have been invented in academia but its in society because Big Finance put it there. < https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rW9ZuApy9KU > 8. Who is this "drug pusher"? Are you referring to me or Candace? [Be careful when you compare people to: "drug pushers". I may refer to Moderna, or Pfizer by that term but I'd never say it about another person unless I wanted to be banned.]
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  225. (1) A lot of government stops innovation. Q: Why no new nuclear power in USA (like breeders, Gen IV, advanced nuclear)? A: It was regulated to death. e.g.s * US NRC classifies thorium as "source material" - i.e. atom bomb risk. In reality no bomb uses thorium. * Process to do new isotope separation of lithium is stopped by spooks in USA. Because it would make lithium-6, which in theory can make tritium, which in theory can make a H-bomb, which in practice requires an A-bomb to set it off! So the real H-atom bomb proliferation risk is actually A-bomb, not lithium-6! (2) Apart from out-of-control regulation, another problem with state is it conforms to no cost-benefit discipline, which market system forces on one. Too many projects just waste money. Partly because they are politically led and politically interfered with. E.g. Green energy technology like wind farms, solar power. All of it subsidised and basically a waste of resources. Mazzucato's own economic dogma: Keynesianism encourages this kind of waste with "investment for jobs" ideology - which is itself wasteful of resources. Better to have investment for value added. Interesting that Mazzucato seems to agree with more wasteful green energy investment, and gibberish like green QE. (3) The real opposition to state participation in economy was political. Was initially led by market fundamentalists. Then market fundamentalism became mainstream. E.g. PPFI. Refusal of UK state to fund essential infrastructure such as schools, hospitals, power plants. Instead state demanded private finance which requires 2 × to 3 × more interest on capital, so forcing actual cost of infrastructure up 2 ×.
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  235. I tend to agree with Carl on the trick socialism plays on us: it pretends to be a better form of liberalism. Neo-Marxist Adorno calls this trick the "secret Utopia at the heart of reason". This idea actually provides Adorno with the thrust of his "Critical Theory". The trick is to use the ideals of liberalism - universalism, liberty, justice, freedom, equality, excellence - against liberalism - to push ideals to even more universal ideals. To socialism, it you will. You could say the BLM and transing movement took their playbook from Adorno. In fairness to Adorno - he thinks there can be no other way forward, not only for socialism but also for liberalism and conservatism. Lindsay's project has been to try to ken how we got here from there. Why did academia come to conclude that: woke, DEI, and sustainability are a way forward for the West? - when they are clearly just novel ways for us to burn our house down? Yet the path taken by woke was NOT inevitable. So the fact that path was taken out of the Liberal heritage does not mean Liberalism is a failure or wrong. The fact that path was taken at all - must alert us to inherent weaknesses and contradictions within Liberalism. Yet to paraphrase Churchill: "Liberalism is the worst social system, except for all its rivals". I think Lindsay sees it that way. Carl seems to imply he has an alternative to liberalism. Communism, Fascism, and Woke all claim to be alternatives to Liberalism. I think Lindsay, and Carl are both on target here. But in different ways. Lindsay identifies the "Long March Through the Institutions" as key, so does Matthew Goodwin. There's no doubt in my mind that much of academia is intent on using the academy to forward, petty, and non-viable Left politics simply because they can. Lindsay also tracks woke back to its origins in Marcuse's very distinct brand of neo-Marxism. By can large, Lindsay is right on most things. Carl and Lindsay both see weaknesses, and flaws in our liberal societies. Carl believes the flaws are there by design. Lindsay believes the flaws are there by corruption. Carl needs to be more precise. Can he describe his ideas, in more detail, especially which aspects of liberalism Carl would abandon. Otherwise, if Carl calls himself a conservative, likes Christianity, and harshly criticises Liberalism, then Lindsay may classify Carl as yet another "Christian Nationalist". Given US CNs have been harassing Lindsay lately, he's react as he does.
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  249. People do NOT blame the Frankfurt school for wokeness. They blame Marcuse. Him but especially one of his post-grad students: Angela Davis, the famous Black Panther. How come Richard doesn't know this? Did you not bother reading James Lindsay? The Frankfurt school began in 1921 when a businessman funded leftist scholars at Frankfurt. It was more sociological in the early years and did include some actual Marxists, for example: Henryk Grossmann. Horkheimer took over the directorship in 1930. In the 1932 the Nazis took over Germany; the F.S. moved to the USA soon after. Adorno & Horkheimer's Dialectic of Englightenment was name-dropped here; with a claim that it exposed Enlightenment Reason as an Instrumental Reason (see Max Weber for more on that). The book did no such thing. But it duped some of its readers. Read it if you don't believe me. Both these philosophers were reasonably well read in European philosophy. But instead of attacking the distinctive, often empiricist, rampantly skeptical, reason of The Enlightenment, A&H chose to direct their ire at reason in general. To pose the deranged claim that reason is a (totalitarian?) attempt to control the world done in bad faith. But they don't do this by referencing actual Enlightenment authors!! They just state it and back those claims with parables (e.g. re: Odysseus), rants against consumerism, ...; it's a kind a leftist Nietzscheanism. It's crazy that a book so inept could so influence a generation of Western leftists! And it did!! If you have time to waste - read original Nietzsche before you read this rant against reason.
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  277. No. I would take the maximum allowed in UK, which is 4000 IU per day. 1000 ng = 1 µg = 40 IU 1000 µg = 1 mg A safe dose of vitamin D leads to a blood level above 50 ng/mL in blood. Any level above 50 ng/mL and below 150 ng/mL of vitamin D is considered safe. Vitamin D exists is 3 forms. It is stored in fat cells. Vitamin D3, from fat, or sunlight, is converted to the active vitamin D form in the kidneys. Vitamin D3 is the normal form found in pills and capsules. A recent study found that, after several months, of a dose of 20000 IU per day, people still had blood levels below 100 ng/mL of vitamin D. None of them developed Vitamin D toxicity symptoms. Everyone in UK should take at least 4000 IU/day. It's a good idea to take vitamin K2 with the vitamin D. Taking vitamin K2 with vitamin D3 helps to ensure the calcium transported by the vitamin D is absorbed by your bones where it's needed Vitamin D toxicity? Only ever seen with truly massive vitamin D doses! "In the 1940s, vitamin D was thought to be effective for treating rheumatoid arthritis and massive doses of 200,000 to 300,000 IU/day were given. It was soon realized that these massive doses resulted in vitamin D intoxication, including hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, nephrocalcinosis, kidney stones, and soft tissue calcifications." Read: Holick, M. F. (2015). "Vitamin D Is Not as Toxic as Was Once Thought: A Historical and an Up-to-Date Perspective". Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 90(5), 561–564. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.03.015 https://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(15)00244-X/fulltext
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  314. No really. They put that "climate change" note on EVERY video which mentions climate change or climate science. Every single one. What Simone says is wrong. She has no sophisticated climate science understanding. "Environmental Management" is not science. Simone parrots globalization, green activist and UN agenda. Where are we today? We/re warmer than the Little Ice Age of a few hundred years ago. Slightly cooler than in the 1930s. Cooler than the Roman Warm Period and several degrees cooler than the Holocene Optimum of ~ 8000 years ago. Heat & cooling of the earth. The atmosphere is a blanket which keeps earth warm. Heat is lost slowly - not by radiation but by convection. The atmophere is much thicker closer to the surface. Radiation does not predominate until the stratosphere (20 km up). The globalist climate gaslight - AKA greenhouse gas effect - is a lie. The lie is designed to make us fear fossil fuel emissions. It applies a bad heat loss model which makes heat loss all about radiation. Radiative heat loss is very fast (speed of light). But earth obviously does not cool that fast - so they possit vast backradiation in their models to counteract the vast radiative heat loss - they suppose. By making earth's cooling ALL about radiation, they conned you all. Actual heat loss is mostly convective in the lower atmosphere. The 3 methods of heat loss convection, conduction, and radiation vary with temperature and atmopheric thickness. In the thick part of the atomsophere - closest to the surface : the troposphere - convection dominates. In the thinnest part of the atmosphere : the stratosphere and above, radiative heat loss dominates. Midway between the thickest and thinest layers of our atmosphere conductive heat loss dominates. This is NOT how the "greenhouse gas effect" works. It is a broken model. The greenhouse gas effect does NOT describe the reality of our atmospheric behaviour.
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  350. Postmodernism formally arrived in 1961 with the publication of Michel Foucault's "History of Madness" (in the Age of Enlightenment); 61 years ago. Despite some initial success Pomo does not influence Western Philosophy, and we rarely hear about it from actual philosophers except when they dis' it. Yet pomo is firmly entrenched in Academia within various far left 'theory' disciplines. Where we find: Feminism, Queer studies, Transgenderism, Critical Race Theory, Anti-colonialism, Film Studies, media studies, leftisms, ... there we also always find pomo. Hand and glove. Pomo gives these disciplines or studies credibility. Most ideas from such 'studies' lack good empirical support; but pomo can legitimise them as Big Ideas! Ideas instead. Ideas which explain the world to the students of such 'studies'. The very "cultural logic of Western society", to cite Nicholas. The 'theorists' who teach such lefty studies never develop new pomo ideas. They use pomo as a weapon against their critics. Pomo is epistemically relativist; which means: it promotes skepticism of truth claims. Pomos say 'truth is myth', in the Foucauldian, and Derridean senses. 1. From Foucault we hear that 'truth' is established by regimes of power, and is used by such regimes of power to establish domination over us. So 'truth' is a tool of 'power'. 2. From the Derridean side, they tell us that every meaning associated with a sign (such as 'racism', for example) gets its meaning from a network of other signs; from the meanings of those signs which denote or connote 'racism'. Given people from different ethnicities, sexes, cultures, and identities disagree of the meaning of some signs, no two people are likely to give the same meaning for 'racism'. So there's no irreducible, stable, meaning to 'truth'. And many meanings are contested. As I already said, philosophers long ago refuted both these points made by pomo (above). But the modern academy is an istitution where academics don't need to listen to critics of their ideas. For example climate alarmists, say, non-alarmism is 'denialism', and they refuse to debate or listen to 'deniers'. That such 'deniers' cannot be allowed a platform to speak. The modern academy turned itself into a machine to manufacture bias and closed-mindedness. Q: Yet, given pomo is intellectually vacuous, why is Michel Foucalt now the most cited author in the humanities? A: Dispite its wrongness, pomo still does a job, or two. Pomo gives one a license: 1) to speculate. Pomos gives one a set of academically 'respectable' ideas to cite: books and papers. For example, one of these pomo 'masters' (Foucault) is cited more than anyone else in the humanities. Peter Boghossian calls 'idea laundering' the practice of getting a junk idea published in an academic journal and then having your friends and allies cite your publication in support of their own junk ideas. Furthermore, the production of vacuous speculation, founded on previous speculation is now a career path within academia. 2) to disregard one's critics and their evidence; and to celebrate closed minds and bias. "Postmodernism is the academic far Left’s epistemological strategy for responding to the crisis caused by the failures of socialism in theory and in practice" - Stephen Hicks: "Expllaining Postmodernism", in the chapter "Responding to socialism’s crisis of theory and evidence". Citations: 1. Idea laundering: https://www.wsj.com/articles/idea-laundering-in-academia-11574634492 2. "Expllaining Postmodernism" - free audio book! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qQcNjHNXnEE, narated by its author 3. epistemically relativist: https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/epistemic-relativism/v-2
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  398. Advice to students. Re: challenging Left dogma in universities. 1. One cannot win every battle. Don't even bother arguing unless you must. Because - see 4 below 2. Don't waste your time doing essays. Avoid those "studies" courses. Learn how to use data. Do some statistics courses so you can legitimately infer correlation from evidence. Do a course on skepticism, or logic, too if you find one. Like Schermer's course: Skepticism 101. One should also master debate. Learn all the logical fallacies. Apply them to criticise everything. Everyone uses logical fallacies - even great people and geniuses. So this can be a great source to make good points for your essays. 3. Evidence, evidence, evidence versus laundered ideas. When reading the left, check evidence they provide in their citations. Is there any? Most likely the Left will cite "laundered ideas". These are untrue claims, nonsense ideas, or theory-laden conjectures published in academia which other activists use as a source to build their nonsense ideas on. Hence: nonsense piled on nonsense. 4. By and large - you cannot change other people's minds. Research in psychology shows this. That led Peter Boghossian to develop his "Street Epistemology" technique. Which, at least, allows people to explain why they believe an idea. Knowing why we believe is the first step to revising our opinions. PB wrote a book on this "How to Have Impossible Conversations" 5. Young people, especially those without responsibilities are going to be mainly left/liberal no matter what. Just accept, & live with that. 6. Prefer Thomas Sowell to Scruton, or JB Peterson. Sowell argues against dogma by directly citing evidence. Evidence-based reasoning is the habit you need to develop which they cannot mark you down on. You may even change a professors mind with it! Thinkers such as Scruton and Peterson are worth reading too, but don't try to cite them when writing your uni-essays. PS: Boghossian on Idea Laudering https://www.wsj.com/articles/idea-laundering-in-academia-11574634492
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  422. This explanation of the greenhouse gas effect, GHGE, is factually biased, and misinforms. When explaining earth's cooling Sabine only talks about infrared radiation. But there are 3 ways heat is transported: conduction, convection, and radiation. Sabine takes her cue from the self-styled "Climate Consensus" (CC), who are the IPCC, and your government, and other authorities. They claim that, at the surface of earth, cooling is: W/m² 390 ------- 79% radiation (infrared) 24 --------- 5% convection and conduction 78 --------- 16% latent heat transport 492 ------- total In practice all that latent heat must be transported by convection. So the simpler version has 21% convection and conduction / 79% radiation (infrared). But their (CC) claim for 390W/m² of average infrared cooling, at the surface, is a massive exaggeration; achieved by misusing the Stefan-Boltzmann Law. In fact the operation of the Pirani gauge shows actual cooling of the surface immersed in an atmosphere will be 99.6% due to convection and conduction, with hardly any infrared [ see (3) ] When the Stefan-Boltzmann Law was derived, 150 years ago, experimental derivation measured cooling by objects in vacuum. Earth's surface is not in a vacuum. When, in face, objects cool immersed in air they cool way quicker. 250 times faster. -------------------------------------- IR radiation ---- Conduction/Convection Sea level ---- GHGE model --------- 79% ---- 21% 80+ km --------- 0.004 Torr ---------- 79% ---- 21% 76.2 km -------- 0.02 Torr ------------ 50% ---- 50% 33.5 km -------- 10 Torr -------------- 0.7% ---- 99.3% Sea level ------ 760 Torr ------------- 0.4% ---- 99.6% Eventually when the atmosphere is very rarified - at high altitudes - radiative emission will cause most cooling. ( in the Mesosphere !). GHGE "theory" says that a radiative imbalance causes the GHGE and this imbalance happens far below, close the top of the Troposphere! Our new understanding that heat transport below 76km is dominated by conduction & convection rules out GHGE warming of the surface. Since the theoretical surface warming is due to the ToT being higher for GHG with more CO2 in the atmosphere. See Hansen 1981. James Hansen's influential GHGE model (no doubt still used by many to calculate "radiative forcing" ) depends on radiation escaping at the ToT = Top of the Troposphere - about 10 km above our heads. So that model is clearly nonsense. Basic fact-checking tells us that at 10km the pressure is ~ 523 Torr, and the balance there is still close to what it is at the surface ( > 99.5% conduction/convection). Yet Hansen calculated his GHGE based on: "The basic physics underlying this global warming, the greenhouse effect, is simple. An increase of gases such as CO2 makes the atmosphere more opaque at infrared wavelengths. This added opacity causes the planet's heat radiation to space to arise from higher, colder levels in the atmosphere, thus reducing emission of heat energy to space. The temporary imbalance between the energy absorbed from the sun and heat emission to space, causes the planet to warm until planetary energy balance is restored." - Hansen et al, 1981. To summarize Hansen - the GHGE is due to the radiation window (to space) beginning at a higher (therefore cooler) place at the top of the troposphere. Because it's cooler there - energy is emitted with less energy! So a GHGE is ALL about where this atmospheric window to space opens. Is it 10km above (ToT) as Hansen modelled it, or is it +75km above where reality says it should be? Note: In earth's atmosphere: Troposphere ~ 0 - 10 km Tropopause ~ 10 - 20 km Stratosphere ~ 20 - 47 km Stratopause ~ 47 - 53 km Mesosphere ~ 53 - 84 km Mesopause ~ 84 km Thermosphere Citations: (1) Hansen et. al. 2011; Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11, 13421-13449. doi:10.5194/acp-11-13421-2011 https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.1140 (2) Altitude/pressure conversion: https://www.sensorsone.com/altitude-pressure-units-conversion/ (3) Tom Shula: A Novel Perspective on the Greenhouse Effect https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NS55lXf4LZk
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  427. Marxism is a way to declare everything in the world evil without blaming the evil on idividual people. Instead - blame it on Capitalism, and those who profit from it. So on the surface - it looks like a victimless solution to equal distribution of resources. In practice this does not work. Just look at the level of hate against Elon Musk today. YouTube is full of mindless, pseudo-Marxist trolls libelling the Musks and JB Petersons, ... Modern Leftism is barely anything else but shit-throwing. All aimed at individuals. What is canel culture except the organized application of focused hate against individuals! Intellectuals pretend to themselves there are no victims but in practice the whole of society becomes victim to socialism - as happened under the Soviets. USSR - a never ending catalogue of atrocities against people. A systematic brutalization of Russia which ultimately enabled war-mongers such as Putin to rule - Begining in the (Russian) Civil War with murder of class enemies, - moving onto the famines induced in Ukraine - Holodomor, - then the Great Terror of 1937/38 when 3 quarter million Russians were executed - half a million of them being Russians born with a Polish surname - who were murdered - without trial - just because they "might be" traitors and Polish agents. - Next we move on to WW2 with the muder of all Polish officers who surrendered to the Russians when they partitioned Poland to enable the Nazi-USSR alliance which made WW2 possible. - Lets add over 1 million German POW to the list of murder victims. - Do not forget the Gulags - about 18 million were processed through Gulags and at least 10% died due to the brutality. Communism is a pychopath's Utopia - rise to the top by pretending to believe (or by conning oneself into believing?) in Marxism. Then act like the worst pychopath by punishing people - all the while - telling your victims - it's all to enable the Socialist Utopia - this pain is all for your own good - I'm watching you suffer - not because I'm a callous psychopath who measures my success in life by how many victims I can dominate. No comrade. It's for our children's good - for socialism. Every fix they try: DEI, social credit system - will be gamed by psychos. Indeed the "fixes" will force everyone to play that same game of corruption to get ahead. The communist party system was easy for covert narcissists and psychopaths to game - as documented by Polish psychologist Andrzej Lobaczewski who wrote a book on how ASPDs gamed communism to ruin Poland. In short: excellence, competition, level playing field, - all the things communism wants to destroy - are the best way to run societies - bottom up solutions - to enable an emergent system = Western Capitalism - not top down fixes - which enable grifers and grift.
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  473.  @jacobblanton5179  I agree with your point on the individual. Too much stress there by Liberalism. But Liberalism did evolve in The Enlightenment (1632 - 1789) before Sociology - at a time when Christian Ideology had taken a wrong turn with its wrong prognosis in Natural Law). Even going so far as to dictate a helio-centric world because it saw a theological need for such. Liberalism is NOT a corruption of Christianity - don't even see how you got there - not unless you think Protestantism is a "corruption of Christianity" too! I don't see the "origin of Totalitarianism in Liberalism" either - as you imply. That's an unjust slur. Socialism was already an idea, in France, BEFORE Marx. It was a response to the power of Capitalism. Enlightenment ideas drove electoral reform (ending rotten boroughs in Britain, and gave the US Constitution its template), and practical Democracy was barely a thing anywhere before The Enlightenment. That movement went too far, in France, with the French Revolution; but the French Monarchy was already so corrupt and rotten it was bound to burn down one way or another. Enlightenment ended in 1789. Western ideas post-Enlightenment tended to break away from Empiricism. All that 19th, and 20th century philosophy (Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, Heidegger, CT, pomo) traded with Liberal language and assumptions; but much of it was illiberal, anti-Empiricist and subjectivist (See Stephen Hicks). Even the new Liberals such as J.S. Mill, are barely Liberal at all - according to Lindsay: "Mill's consequentialist ethics are illiberal". But we have a cul de sac with ethics. No one poses a responsible new ethics suitable for society. Many of the ethics posed: Marx, Heidegger, etc. are OTT, and badly done. As I read you - I hear a bad conservative thinker: - too many fundamentals and too much monstering rhetoric - no attempt to justify your ideas with actual evidence (citations?).
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  531. Secular rationalism is easily undermined because we are not, by nature, rational. Yet, we're able to fake rationalism, and also able to learn it. Yet some of us can't. Some people are just wrong; beyond redemption. That is one aspect where I differ from Christians. I don't have infinite capacity to forgive. Christians criticize secularism at their peril. Secularism enables Christianity. It does not threaten it. The speaker went wrong as soon as he began to dis' "secular humanism". Secularism is a system to prevent one religious creed dominating society. For example: Pakistan is a non-secular state. Israel is a secular state. A lot of religiously inclined people pose a conflict between secularism and faith. Secularism is the idea which ended the 30-years war of the 17th century in Germany between Catholicism and Protestantism. The war which killed 7 million and devastated Germany. Secularism is a good thing. There is a conflict between secularism and faith. But, likewise, there's conflict between every faith against all others. Something called multiculturalism is NOT a solution to that - secularism is a solution. Multiculturalism refuses to judge bad ideas. Secularism will judge certain ideas as systems as bad and will reject them. The speaker should've been railing against multiculturalism rather than secularism. Unfortunately he undermined his own message by blaming the wrong target. By all means attack humanism - if you wish too. But never, NEVER, attack secularism unless you desire its alternatives: fanaticism, and fascism, or the everything goes of multiculturalism - which will, likely, destroy itself. Modern Christianity failed to respond to Islam. Led astray by Pope Francis. Christians haven't taken the threat of Islam seriously for what is is: a plan for world conquest and domination. If, as a Christian, you doubt me, then you must spend more time studying the perils of Islam. Perhaps more time talking to actual Muslims; to figure out, for yourself, why their biases are all for Islam; even for Jihad. Christians have been lulled into seeing Islam as an ally against the atheists. Maybe it is? But secularism and atheism are 2 entirely separate things. Any Christian who thinks secularism is a greater threat to them than Islam is not looking at the facts on the ground. Read some history books.
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  534. A good list, but one important point not made is that fallacies are often meta-fallacies: - such as projection and deflection. Projection and deflection are often unconscious, or spontaneous. * Projection: one projects when one "reasons" by imagining what other person thinks, recounting a precis of it to them, then condemning the ideas in the precis. So projection can include many fallacies (ad hominem, strawman, whataboutism(s), ..., because we find it almost impossible to precis what another person actually thinks (as opposed to what we imagine they think) * Deflection: talk about something else, it avoids facing the actual topic under debate. Can often be done by recounting an example, or story, or evidence which is either tangentially relevant or irrelevant. - and multiple-fallacies - which may even be overdetermined. In such a case one identifies the prime fallacy, but, one may even fall for a hidden fallacy entwined with it! Also - bad evidence. Common examples of bad evidence are: * bad statistics. For example weak statistics which may have been compiled using one or many of: cherry-picked data, bad sampling, too few data points, weak randomization, weak correlation, obscure of errror-prone maths such as fourier analysis, principle component analysis, or machine learning applied to 'dirty', or 'noisy' data. * bad modelling. Bad models can have unrealistic assumptions, simplistic, irrelevant, logic (such as game theory algorithms), unrealistic causal chains, inappropriate science, hidden maths: embedded within - such that the argument being presented, or supported, actually obscures itself AND is wrong! Models are never evidence. They are tools for speculation. If you take a lesson from this talk, I think it should be to practice steelmannning, and to argue empirically (from the evidence), not from logic. Learn to walk before you run. An empiricist, such as myself, probably thinks every argument made purely from logic is either a fallacy fallacy, or castle made of sand, or some other self-befuddlement!
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  537. How is mathematical modelling - employing a parametized greenhouse effect (which is itself a more basic model) "science"? Models built on models - nothing ever validated. Modellers are such terrified jerks they cannot debate anyone in public. None are able to explain why my refutations of their crude, simplistic, wrong models, are illegit. Scientists misused science by redefining science to mean playing tricks with maths. This divorced science from the real world. They do it this way because they know man-made climate is the ONLY thing influential purse-holders in control of funding want to hear. Alarmists - in contrast work with no gravy train funding - on a shoe-string - yet still manage to more or less completely explain how and why the climate system is solar-driven. To shore up their credibility - so as to maintain their monopolistic access to funding Alarmists lie about skeptics being "fossil-fools" - funded by industry interests. Alarmists are dishonest, libelous scammers. Skeptical scientists - at CERES (Soon & Connolly & Co) can explain ALL the behaviour (warming, cooling) of climate over the past 150 years. They base their work on empiricism - it is bottom up. Has Sabine even bothered looking at it before deciding who is right in science? I don't think so. Man-made climate studies are top-down science. Models first. The twist data to straight-jacket into their models - so as to pretend to be doing empirical work. Climate alarmist scientists Sabine kow-tows to are ignorant of basic empirical work. They likely think it's below them. Alarmist skills: Libel, telling fairy stories, monstering good people, jerking off TPTB. Man-made skeptics skills - working on a shoe string to debunk man-made climate lie and explain how the actual climate works.
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  555. So many anti-nuclear myths in this talk, I lost count. 1. "Uranium is runnng out" <- The institute who authored the study Sabine cited are an anti-nuclear power think tank. There's loads of Uranium. Nuclear fuel can also be made from Thorium. One Physics Nobel prize winner estimated there's enough Thorium in the earth's crust to supply all the energy needs of humanity for the next 20 billion years (which is far longer than the projected life of earth and sun) 2. "Nuclear power is expensive" <- Everything is expensive. Also: levelized costs of energy is a nonsense idea - because no renewable energy stands alone. "Levelized costs of energy", is basically: dishonest, anti-nuke, pro-renewables, propaganda. Because levelized costs, don't measure dispatchable power - which is the only useful power. Nuclear power is dispatchable. Wind and solar are not. 3. "Nuclear power plants take ages to build" <- Everything does today. For example, as I write, they've been building a housing estate near me for over a decade. Still no people living in it! 4. "Accidents in nuclear power plants are a nightmare" <- No one ever died due to a radiation accident in a civilian nuclear power plant. Chernobyl was military technology in a dictatorship. 5. "Fast breeder reactors are cooled with sodium" <- They don't have to be. They can be cooled by molten salts. 6. "Molten salt is highly corrosive and quickly degrades containers made to hold it" <- Really? So why are solar power plants trying to use molten salt to store heat? I agree with Sabine's conclusion "let the market decide" I disagree with Sabine's climate paranoia. BTW: To fans of nuclear power - everytime you try to scare people by citing climate paranoia you are just giving the scare-mongers more fuel to burn me, and you, with.
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  561. "Some people claimed that OO has failed. Which, ... is clearly, nonsense." <- It depends what one means by "failed". If one means: - has contributed to mountains of bad, often untestable code, and - enabled & enshrined many bad programming habits then Yes. OO has failed. What are the objectives of OO anyhow? Here's one Internet answer to the question of "what is the purpose of OO": "The following are the benefit of the OOPs concept: Using the OOPs methodology, one can - enhance the code reusability and - save development time. - Easy message passing establishes communication between classes and objects. - Using functionalities like data abstraction and hiding, - OOPs ensure the security of the code." Eh? Hey: OO-fans: any evidence for any of the above. For example "save development time"? In comparison with what? Also: Who's development time. The time of the "write-once, read never" coder who authored it, or the poor bastards tasked with maintaining it? The (negative) issue with FP is that it closes down the coder's degrees of freedom. A FP-programmer should exercise discipline to avoid bad techniques and bad code. No such prohibitions inhibit the mind of the typical OO, corporate, coder. To the extent that peer review is absent, they are free to author garbage. So too with the FP-coder, I hear you say. But a coder who chose an FP language ahead of the more, (in demand?) OO language, or even the coder who chose to author with FP-styles within the bounds of an OO-language - must exercise self discipline to narrow their degrees of freedom down. If the main criteria is speed (to production), and project managers, and product owners mainly care about speed - much code will continue to be authored in a "write once, read never" style. How many of the PMs and POs who "manage" product development even know what the difference is between FP and OO styles of programming?
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  575. Regarding some of the questions at the end. Hallucinogens - are sometimes linked to personal enlightenment, or egolessness, and then linked to Buddhist concepts. The hallucinogen experience is NOT like the above. Writers like Leary and Huxley were reckless and irresponsible, to imply there was some kind of connection. The term 'Enlightenment' should be reserved for the Western concept which is derived from the collective intellectual project of Western thinkers from 17th century on. See Immanuel Kant "What is Enlightenment?". Buddhists already have technical terms for mystical insight: Nirvana, bodhi, or even 'awakening' (if you MUST use a Western word). Use the Eastern terms for these experiences. The 'hallucinogen' experience is better associated with 'mystical' experience of drug use in indigenous American society. Use mystic-drug-use - if you must us a term. The experience is hit-and-miss; often within the same session. Literally 'heaven and hell' as Huxley put it. It is pretty much essential to have guides who aren't on drugs on standby to help you if you get into a psychological mess during hallucinogen use. Read up on 'set and setting' . I feel qualified to write about this because I experienced all 3 states above: Western Enlightenment is simply thinking for oneself. 'Dare to think' as Kant described it. It requires a technical understanding of debate, evidence, avoiding logical fallacies, ... Because the first person to fool is yourself! It's an on-going process. It literally never stops! There will always be some socially accepted fallacy your mind, or society, got conned into; which explains why you always need to examine the evidence for yourself. Buddhist Enlightenment (Zen, Nirvana) is best achieved by following technical Buddhist meditation and practice: 'Loving-Kindness' (in one's thought, action, and meditation), and Zen meditation. It is key to conquer one's wondering mind, endless speculation, ... Once more: an on-going process. PS: 'Loving-Kindness' is a technical term in Buddhism.
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  603. Foucault does not generally deal with power. Nor do his followers. For example take the "micro-physics of power" - one of Foucault's key ideas. Is it really just a floating signifier? Foucault's landmark 'text' (AKA: 'book', to you) was published in 1961: "Madness and Civilization". Derrida's différance arrived on the scene in 1967 (in book form); he coined the term in 1963. In these last 6 decades academia has been pontificating poststructuralism at us. Yet how have they developed and elaborated their pomo ideas? They have not. Let us compare. Take, say, narcissitic personality disorder. One can't quite quantify it, but one can do tests to tell oneself whether one is 'suffering' from it. Or, more realistically - whether other people are suffering from you. So we know it's a thing. It's elaborated and can be diagnosed. How did postmodern sociologists further elaborate their central Foucauldian concept: 'the micro-physics of power'? [Discipline and Punish, 1975]. They haven't. 47 years after it arrived in academia, countless PhDs later, the term is as woolly and ill-defined today, as when Foucault invented it. This is the essential weakness in Leftist "theory", and "theoretical work". It's all speculation: metaphor and similie piled on top of narrative and parable; stories. As such it can be interpreted as anything one wants it to be. The term: 'floating signifier', was widely used in poststructuralist semiotics by 1980. It means a sign which has been emptied of meaning by its use in so many contexts such that the meaning is overloaded and exhausted. A bit like a linguistic version of 'how long is a piece of string?'. Q: How much of pomo is simply 'floating signifiers'? A: Nearly all of it.
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  606. Reality: "The ONLY threat from nuclear is from weapons". Summary: Scaremonger over NPPs because during a war, they can be hit by cruise missiles, artillery, or whatever, and the "radioactive fallout will be devastating": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ly2bW5Cm8PQ Well, I don't actually know what you think because it's all by implication: bad things must happen. Given you hardly talk at all about the reactors, what purpose did your nonsense headline serve? Unheard is supposed to be some kind of modern, thinking, conservatism. Yet your headline is red-top hysterics: "The real nuclear threat is not from weapons". The headline is gibberish. The history of the 20th century, of Nagasaki and Hiroshima, shows that the "ONLY threat from nuclear is from weapons". I note how they have no one to argue against your hyperbolic, speculative, headline : "The real nuclear threat is not from weapons". No one here understands the real threat, you don't have technical expertise. None of two speakers here: Freddie Sayers and Andreas Umland know anything about nuclear engineering and how nuclear reactors work. I wonder how much their fear depends of ignorance? If Russians want to cut-off electricity, they only need to bomb transmission lines next to the plant. They don't need to touch any power stations at all! One reason why Germany and Europe need so much Russian energy is Germany shut down most of the 20% of their electricity generation which nuclear power once provided. FACT: Ukraine has 15 VVER nuclear reactors of total capacity: 13.819 GW. Chernobyl era reactors are all shut now. The 15 reactors are located at 4 plants. They also have 3, much smaller, research reactors. FACT: Russian financed media publish scare-mongering stories about Ukrainian nuclear reactors. In the last conflict, 2014-2015 Russians tried to use social media - such as Twitter - to scare-monger over nuclear power with bot accounts. If you won't interview someone who understands nuclear power, you end up repeating nonsense.
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  718. Matt Taibbi, Bari Weiss, Michael Shellenberger - all dissident classical liberals. The kinds of people who, you'd expect to support free-speech and civil society. Styx implies The Problem is opposition to free-speech. I think the real problem is deeper - the disintegration of civil society, and attempted take-over of society by Leftist-run non-profits. These activist NGOs are not really part of civil society because many of them seem to reject freedom and free-association; which are values civil society is founded on. Or, if they're not actively against civil society, they seem to be doing their best to destroy it by accident. Leftist run NGOs think Corporates have too much power and influence in society, and don't play by the rules. Their counter-play? :- play dirty too. This is a bad recipe for civil society, in that it encourages only EVIL people to participate. If you're not EVIL, and not pwned by them, they will chew you up, cancel you, and make life hell. Most political parties were already, widely infected by this Machiavellianism. We need more free association and less tribalism. Machiavellianism leads to tribalism. It can lead nowhere else. My, Leftist, take on this is: Corporates are now so powerful that they want to be the ONLY influence on policy. Corporates fund most campaigns and NGOs. ESG, is, for example, a Corporate Plan. It seems most Leftist activists don't even know they're ultimately funded by the same Corporate elite who run Wall Street. Corporates are, famously, under-handed in their ways (Machiavelli - without ethics), so it's no surprise they fund Machiavellian antics. Yet this Corporate funding of activists destroys civil society - because traditional civil society - which doest NOT have policy and campaign agendas directly driven by Corporates - is in the way - like cars on a motorway the corporate Tanks want to drive down.
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  825. Micro-physics of Power - a floating signifier? Foucault's landmark 'text' (AKA: 'book', to you) was published in 1961: "Madness and Civilization". Derrida's différance arrived on the scene in 1967 (in book form); he coined the term in 1963. In these last 6 decades academia has been pontificating poststructuralism at us. Yet how have they developed and elaborated their pomo ideas? They have not. Let us compare. Take, say, narcissitic personality disorder. One can't quite quantify it, but one can do tests to tell oneself whether one is 'suffering' from it. Or, more realistically - whether other people are suffering from you. So we know it's a thing. It's elaborated and can be diagnosed. How did postmodern sociologists further elaborate their central Foucauldian concept: 'the micro-physics of power'? [Discipline and Punish, 1975]. They haven't. 47 years after it arrived in academia, countless PhDs later, the term is as woolly and ill-defined today, as when Foucault invented it. This is the essential weakness in Leftist "theory", and "theoretical work". It's all speculation: metaphor and similie piled on top of narrative and parable; stories. The term: 'floating signifier', was widely used in poststructuralist semiotics by 1980. It means a sign which has been emptied of meaning by its use in so many contexts such that the meaning is overloaded and exhausted. A bit like a linguistic version of 'how long is a piece of string?'. Q: How much of pomo is simply 'floating signifiers'? A: Nearly all of it.
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  842. It's wrong to call them Marxist, and also wrong to call them Liberal. They're officious, authoritarian, progressive statists. They're un-Marxist because they reject its critique of capitalism. I doubt many of them ever read much actual Marx. Nor are they 'liberal'. They reason they join or start 'liberal' NGOs is to take them over, to turn them into pseudo-state bodies. Examples of the pseudo state in action would be Twitter before Musk took it over. They obsess with power and control over other people but don't see it in those terms. Instead they see themselves as 'progressive' - rooting out evil in society. That may be the 'evil' of: 'fossil fools', patriarchy, transphobia, transgenocidals, white supremacists, vaxx-deniers, fascists, ... The common theme here is not so much how they eulogize archetypes (Hollywood girl-boss, transwomen lesbians, 'Saint' George Floyd, holy wild life = polar bears!, transkids, climate crisis) These archetypes are paper tigers - not real. But they believe them 'real' because their new morality is against anyone who opposes, or doesn't fall for the paper tigers, or are presumably responsible for harming them. Like the fake archetypes they eulogise over, the groups and ideas they oppose aren't real things in any meaningful sense either. They're: false flags, gaslights, and strawmen, ad hominems ... They think like that because they apply other logical fallacies too - to railroad their woke religion through: bandwagons (AKA: group think), appeal to authority, false dilemma, hasty generalization, and, of course: outright propaganda ... They apply almost every single common logical fallacy - repeatedly. This is because they don't do 'debate'. They can't see the faults in their own ideas. I think they consider 'debate' to be dishonst, will-to-power, in action. Notice how transmanians, COVIDistas, climate worriers, ... will never debate you. A lot of people blame the dissolution of Western thought which give birth to woke on postmodernism. But we need to consider the Rawlsian philosophical movements of the 1980s which followed on from pomo. This was a revised post-Kantianism - an obsession of ethics and morals - which views ethics and morals are the key driver of history. Whether the ethics are: anti-racism, anti- antitrans, climate crisis, ... these ethics almost always take the form of anti- anti; in that their high moral ground are the morals of what they oppose; and what they oppose is a cliche and the anti-human. So their anti-humans they "hate" (AKA - whom they need to fix) are the transphobes, anti-vaxxers, anti- climate action, racists, anti-woke, anti-DEI. They want to root-out or persecute paper tigers who, don't believe in their own holy, paper tiger, archetypes. So apart from blaming woke on real & pseudo Marxism, and postmodernism, one must also fix the blame on the liberal's 'solution' to society's ills: Rawlsianism.
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  873. Regarding the message: A lot of people think we can, all of us, everyone, isolate and keep the message in a jar somewhere - like a jar of honey - to be dipped into ocaisionally. But it isn't like that. We all have different messages, or different things we consider to be "the message". Despite massive immigration into the USA, up till about 2015, there was still a core set of values, stemming from Christianity and the Western Cannon, which we all still understood. Not all us us held to every aspect. But every aspect was part of the narrative of the West - so we knew where stories were coming from, and where they were going, even if we didn't always agree with them. Even ideas such such as feminism, anti-racism, had themes we could all connect to - because these derived from key Western ideas: liberty, equality, merit, freedom, fairness, justice - we all knew and accepted - inside out - being Westerners. Woke inverts this. So the thing woke does is to trash these values of the West, to invert morality. It's key "message". But woke, kind of, uses Western ideas to trash them. It's like a can of acid which corrodes. Not a jar of honey. For example: woke anti-racism says that white people are instrinsic oppressors, ... No one will go along with this unless they already got, and accepted, the woke indoctrination. But most of us never did. We never took those woke 101 university courses. So we find these new woke scripts absolutely baffleing. Which brings me back to that jar of honey. For wokes - the message is their new metaphysics - it is entirely alien to most people - for Bob Iger not to know this is laughable: the woke tell their tales for themselves, to themselves, to an imaginary woke audience - which barely exists.
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  951. Rant. I've never been able to understand this obsession with ethics which philosophers have. So much so, that they study book after book on it! My philosophical obsessions were always epistemological - mainly because it's so simple, but so many people get it so wrong. It leads to a puzzle. Why are you - the rest of you - so bamboozled over what is real? Most of us (AKA: you) have an epistemology which is back to front. It follows, that my obsessions revolve around: why do we (AKA: you) get reality so wrong? As I see it - misunderstanding epistemology, in practice, philosophical systems always lead philosophers misunderstanding reality? For me, this obsession with ethics the rest of the human race has is a kind of sin because it leads so many of you to evil: to want to impose your views on everyone else - always badly - because you misunderstand reality so badly too. Although I am an atheist, when I talk about most people 'getting reality wrong' I'm referring to both the common people and the intelligentsia. So my study of epistemology - doesn't lead to a theory of knowledge but to theories of error, or mis-knowledge. Misinformation, as the media call it. I'd be interested in what happens when ethics meets misinformation. AKA: Lies and deception. Because one sure way to get followers is to taut one's ideas as ethical - when - if they're based on misinformation - they must surely be anti-ethical. Which leads to a question for Jared, or anyone: What is a good book on Bad Ethics?, on Ethics gone wrong? So Jared's choices are alien to me. Yet I still love that he gave us this video. Of the books in the list, the only one I object to is Hegel. Because Hegel's meta-story of human nature inverts reality. It cons its readers into thinking they're seeing through to an underlying reality (or chain of causation) when they're merely be ing told a tall story by a master storyteller. Alternatively to #10, one may as well have added Tolkien or J.K. Rowling as Hegel. But hey, thank God there's no Heidegger in your list. Heidegger - even more of an anti-philosopher than Hegel!
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  973. She is precisely right on the Left / Muslim 'alliance'. I'm not sure she described the "woke right" properly - I'd say they are antisemitic, Christian nationalists, and generally anti-Imperialist (they want less globalism - especially when it's not US-led). All 3 groups are also profoundly anti-democratic. [ meaning "democratic" in its wider, traditional meaning - not our hijacked 'democratic' institutions owned by political cynics.] All 3 groups: militant Muslims, their Leftist allies and the so-called woke right are driven by ressentiment. Nothing much there but ressentiment because they have little 'positive' sense of what they want (apart from control over the rest of us). I say 'nothing positive' because - their 'positive vision' is one of domination over others & submission to dogma and autocracy. My definition of 'positive vision' is pluralist in the sense that anyone and everyone should have an input to society ( except those with cluster A, or severe cluster B personality disorders and/or criminal intent ). I think these two themes - ressentiment + anti-democratic - combine with many people in the 3 groups above. They are anti-democratic because they have no trust in reason, nor their ability to persuade us. That distrust leads to an anti-humanism which fuels their ressentiment. In politics no alliance is possible with such groups; as any attempted alliance leads to your own suicide / subordination / defeat. PS: Woke right - a phrase invented by James Lindsay. ressentiment - in its Nietzchean definition & French spelling.
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  1019. The science on the greenhouse effect, which is behind man-made global warming, is actually "settled", but in the other way. According to the model, the greenhouse effect idea works like so: 1. More CO2 in the atmosphere makes it more opaque to infrared 2. At the T-o-T, top of the troposphere - infrared can be freely emitted to space (because the atmosphere is thin enough up there - especially the CO2). 3. With more CO2, and an atmosphere more opaque to infrared, the altitude, at which CO2, can freely emit radiation to space is HIGHER. 4. Because of the Lapse Rate, this higher altitude, still at the T-o-T, is also COOLER 5. The Lapse Rate is tropospheric cooling with increasing altitude (note: the statosphere shows the opposite (warming with increasing altitude) 6. Because it's cooler, radiation emitted has LESS energy. 7. Because less energy is emitted, more energy is being TRAPPED. Thew!, what a tortured chain of logic to give us the 'climate crisis'. They made their model work saying earth predominantly cools (79%) by emitting infrared radiation; and only 21% of cooling is due to conduction, convection and evaporative cooling. They needed so much infrared because they had to turn much of it to back-radiation - at the surface - to get the man-made warming. It's been shown by experiment, using the Pirani gauge (Tom Shula: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NS55lXf4LZk), that at earth's surface, only 0.4% of its cooling can be due to infrared emission. So 99.6% of surface cooling is due to conduction, convection and evaporative cooling! In the atmosphere, energy exists as radiation or kinetic energy of molecules (the faster the molecule, the warmer it is, more energy it has). There's an equilibria between radiation and kinetic energy - called thermalization. Radiation will not dominate until the atmosphere is very thin - beginning about 40 miles up - well into the stratosphere - where the temperature gradient is opposite to the Lapse Rate! So, the altitude at which radiation can be freely emitted does not get colder with more CO2, it gets warmer, negating everything in the warmist model. PS: The atmosphere has 5 layers: troposphere - cools with increasing altitude (The Lapse Rate), until the tropopause statosphere - warms with increasing altitude, until the statopause mesosphere - cools with increasing altitude, until the mesopause themosphere - warms with increasing altitude exosphere - so rarefied that it may as well be vacuum.
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  1078. Always a joy, for me, when the YouTube algorithm recommends one of Joe's videos. Alongside Peter Boghossian - Joe is surely my fave Internet philosopher. I just now searched Joe's channel for "Intrinsic Instrumental rationality" but found nowt. I'd love Joe to do a video on Weber's concept of Intrinsic versus Instrumental rationality - because I think this is the defining issue of our age! It seems the university has now been entirely colonized by proselytizers for instrumental rationality. That this preference among our elites for instrumental reason had a detrimental effect on society - in that it corrodes the value society places on objective truth. It's now become hard to defend objective truth, because one is never defending it against a concept of subjective truth - as no one advances that as an ideal. Instead, pragmatists (AKA - ends-justify-the-means) thinkers will argue for pragmatism or even for a "utopian" concept of truth. This pragmatic version of truth will be "if it works for me, it works". The Utopian version of truth will be, for example: "I want to live in a world where trans-people have rights, so, ... when I say "people can be born in the wrong body", or "I can be any gender I want to be" - what I really mean by that it "we should be able to". In other words - activists will create the "utopian" societies they want to live in by framing the social conversation in their terms - not in terms of objective truth. Another example of utopian truth trumping objective truth are the Net Zero policies enacted by elites to stop "climate crisis" and "global boiling". Religion - as a pragmatic - ends-justify-the-means - project poses the same dilemmas for truth as activism.
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  1082. They are way too kind to Stalin. "After Lenin's death in 1924, Stalin was able to take control of the government, and began to form the gulag system. On June 27, 1929, the Politburo created a system of self-supporting camps that would eventually replace the existing prisons around the country. These prisons were meant to receive inmates that received a prison sentence that exceeded three years. Prisoners that had a shorter prison sentence than three years were to remain in the prison system that was still under the purview of the NKVD. The purpose of these new camps was to colonise the remote and inhospitable environments throughout the Soviet Union. These changes took place around the same time that Stalin started to institute collectivisation and rapid industrial development. Collectivisation resulted in a large scale purge of peasants and so-called Kulaks. The Kulaks were supposedly wealthy (comparatively to other Soviet peasants) and were considered to be capitalists by the state, and by extension enemies of socialism. The term would also become associated with anyone who opposed or even seemed unsatisfied with the Soviet government. By late 1929 Stalin began a program known as dekulakization. Stalin demanded that the kulak class be completely wiped out, resulting in the imprisonment and execution of Soviet peasants. In a mere four months, 60,000 people were sent to the camps and another 154,000 exiled. This was only the beginning of the dekulakisation process, however. In 1931 alone 1,803,392 people were exiled." - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulag#Formation_and_expansion_under_Stalin
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  1114. Mallen Baker is a propagandist and this video is propaganda; not a good interview. Triggernometry just aren't competent enough to unearth the truth. Their interview is pathetic. At no stage do they give Mallen Baker a single difficult question. Mallen Baker is a snob who cherry picks doom-laden mathematical models predicting a climate dystopia. He's not a scientist. He knows nothing about 'climate change' or science. Mallen Baker calls himself "not remotely ideological". You can't make it up! He is an ex- activist and professional politician; ex-leader of the Green Party. He is ONLY an ideologist who claims to be "in the middle". He literally LIES in this interview about wind and solar being cheaper!! Science is an empirical enterprise; it's all about experiments, tests and observations under controlled conditions. Scientists call these tests: validations and falsifications. A falsification is an experimental test which looks at core scientific ideas and attempts to empirically refute the idea. For example, in 1887, when Michelson and Morley discovered (for sure) that the speed of light was constant for all observers, they incidentally falsified Newton's physics. In addition, the failure of anyone to find an 'ether'; assumed by Newton, was also a falsification. 18 years later, A young Swiss patent office clerk explained new physics. Man-made climate change has been falsified time and again. Science is clearly too boring for Triggernometry, so they end up with a wishy-washy interview like this. With self-styled experts, like Mallen, who literally don't know the first thing about climates, are eulogised. Mathematical modellers, Mallen Baker idolizes, don't do science. They play with computers. Mallen Baker fell for the models because they gel with his gloom-laden eco-doom future. The mathematical modellers he idolizes refuse to do science (the don't try to validate or falsify their ideas) and they refuse to debate real scientists who do such empirical work. These modellers are fraudsters not scientists. The Greens also refuse to debate actual science. It's almost as if they made a pact with the establishment! Oh wait a minute, they did make a pact in 1988 when every Green NGO agreed to be the propaganda foot soldiers for made-made global warming. The IPCC mathematical modellers cherry pick everything. 1. IPCC brief is ONLY to look for evidence FOR man-made climate change. There is no attempt to look at natural climate change causes in the IPCC documents. 34 years of documents and reports. No serious investigation into the climate made. 2. The establishment only appoint 'scientists' who agree to write propaganda. Those scientists aren't actually scientists. Gaining a science degree doesn't make one a scientist. Doing science makes one a scientist. Doing science means discovering how the natural world works. It's all about doing tests, experiments, observations. AKA validations and falsifications. 3. The most important document IPCC author: the 'Summary for Policymakers' is entirely authored by politicos - not by scientists. The only role scientists have wrt the Summary for Policymakers is to retrospectively alter the WG1 science report such that nothing in the science contradicts what the policymakers decided. This SfPM is the only thing our politicians ever read about climate change. They live in a mindless echo-chamber. Their minions (IPCC policy wonks) write reports to summarize The Science. IPCC SfPM reports are, in reality, fake science. 5. The IPCC began in 1988 when their first act was to recruit every green NGO and green politician to be their propaganda foot soldiers. 6. Mallen Baker is a propagandist, partly responsible for the doom and gloom his hacks in the Green Party manufactured. "Solve the problem of climate change". <- There is no problem. The sun controls the climate not the man. There are mathematical models refuted by actual data and experiment. These modellers - like the green activists - refuse to debate their critics. Triggernometry cannot interview on this topic because they are too biased and neither is a scientist. 34 years of establishment sponsored brain-washing made them too biased to interview on this issue.
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  1145. There are many problems with appeal to authority. 1. Authorities can be wrong: mistaken or dishonest. 2. Authorities may be simplfying complex or uncertain arguments & evidence to justify dubious policy. 3. So instead of appealing to an authority - why not repeat the argument made by that authority. In which case - if you know the authority's argument - why are you "appealing to authority" in the first place? 4. AtA is routinely used to by-pass discussion and reason. Which I assert is bad for: democracy and civil society. 5. Authorities may want to simplify an argument to short-circuit a policy discussion 6. Those who cite an authority rarely know what the authority's argument is. They try to end discussions over policy by claiming the: "issue is settled"; because "X knows ...", and X has decided. So AtA is a way to by-pass an argument. One does not provide the authority's rationale, one simply says Professor X knows and Z is the policy Professor X favors; or Y is the argument Professor X showed (without you having to give that argument). Very often - those citing the authority haven't the faintest idea what Professor X said nor do they care. 7. So: AtA is routinely used by elites to shore up their power. The puppets and minions of the elites resort to AtA so often, and so routinely that - along with monstering (ad hominem) AtA is one of the most common, and evil, logical fallacies. Try to make it your habit to never appeal to authority. Instead - learn the argument and cite the evidence. If necessary, get yourself a notebook to summarise your point (I'm sure you have one already!) Because each time you rely on AtA, you make it easier for charlatans, authoritarians and anti-democrats to hide bad arguments behind AtA.
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  1204. These critics of JP definitely seem to be motivated by ressentiment of JP's book sales and video views!! Their video is a hopeless authoritarian, statist, collectivist, and anti-capitalist diatribe against Jordan Peterson. I'd have thought by now that the disaster of the Chinese Communist Party destroying freedom in China with COVID lockdowns would've warned you off this stale, dogmatic, anti-freedom socialism. You are ALSO wrong on 'ideology'. You apply it to ALL ideas. That's wrong. All ideas are NOT ideologies; Were they, then everything is ideology and the word becomes a mere floating signifier; or synonym for 'ideas'. After all, aren't all ideas wrong in some detail? Instead, let's look at it as Marx did. he wrote of "capitalist ideology" he implied it was a false ideology; false because it benefited the capitalist but not the worker. Not saying he was right; but Marx clearly believed he had truth on his side; and that there were false ideas (or sets of ideas = ideologies) which needed exposing. Can a bunch of pomo critical theorists entertain such a Marxian concept of ideology? I doubt you can. If you dare try you must first ditch your anti-humanism, and pomo epistemic fragility. BTW: "Climate crisis" is a good example of a one size fits all gibberish non-solution being straight-jacketed onto subjects it doesn't fit. An ideology driven by billionaires with a distinctly anti-human agenda. A far bigger evil than Jordan Peterson; who, to the best of my knowledge, has harmed NO ONE. "Climate crisis" / climate change / global warming is an ideology backed by some of the richest people on earth. Potentially very harmful to humanity. Q: Any chance our radical lefties will stick their necks out and take on a real evil? A: No. I already know you will stay in your lane like useful idiots do.
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  1243. I, maybe, disagree on your choice of "Beyond Good and Evil", I'd picked "The Geneology of Morals" instead. Thanks for the list. Some appealing books there which I wouldn't otherwise look at. I think debate and logic are mostly practice. It's very hard to exclude bad logic such as fallacies because one has to entirely exclude common sense thought - given what a bad example the media set - that cannot be easy for the average person today. Re: Skeptics. Pagden goes into that in detail. I think there are 3 big movements in Skepticism: Greek, Enlightenment and Postmodernism. Ancient Greek Skepticism was indeed radically skeptical. But it died with Western Philosophy when Justinian closed the non-Christian, Athenian schools. Skepticism ware reborn with The Englightenment and, from the first day, it had a new target. Englightenment was skeptical of the Christian Aristolean tradition of Natual Law. Englightenment thinkers nearly always defered to empirical facts - although sometimes, as in Rousseau, they made their "facts" up. The workd "skeptical" re-entered US thought largely due to the work of Michael Schermer (who isn't, stricktly, even a philosopher, but does teach a course on Skepticism 101) Yet prior to Schermer: Postmodernism had already repainted modern thought with a deeply skeptical brush. Postmodernist skepticism seems, to me, to go back in time to the radicalism of the Ancient Greeks - in a shared contempt for the real. It's also radically Anti-Western, Postmodernism could also be seen as a 2nd go at the Enlightenment, but targetting the West (as avidly as most of the Enlightenment has targetted Natural Law); and also having a sisterhood of victims in contrast to Enlightenment's Cosmopolitanism of Equals.
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  1286. This program is nonsense. It is politically correct historical revisionism. Romans became Christian after emperor Constantine well before the fall of the Empire at the start of the 5th century. The Anglo-Saxons were not Christians. Anglo-Saxon conversion to Christianity is well documented at the end of the 6th century. The Romans also did agriculture in an entirely different way. They had huge estates. Those estate owners didn't just give their land away. The Anglo-Saxons really came here. Europe was invaded: by Vandals. Goths, Visigoths, Franks, ... They didn't exterminate the previous population. They installed themselves as rulers. Wherever barbarians installed themselves as rulers they took on characteristics of the conquered. For example: Italy of 520 was ruled by an Ostrogoth king yet it still had Senators (as the Romans had). We know the Vandals (originally from what's now southern Poland) conquered and migrated to North Africa to make kingdoms there. In fact still talking Poland. More recently: We know in and after the second world war, Russia took a big piece of Eastern Poland and gave Poland a slightly smaller piece of Eastern Germany. In 1944 there were about 11 million Germans in that piece later given to Poland. About half fled West (many in 1945), and three-quarters of the remaining 4 million were ethnically cleansed (by Communist Poles) moving to what became East Germany. By 1950, 3155000 German civilians had been expelled and 1043550 were naturalised as Polish citizens. Summary: 1 million remaining in 1950 from 11 million Germans who'd been there in 1944. Just because no one documented ethnic cleansing in the 5th and 6th century England doesn't mean it never happened.
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  1302. Re: "Heidegger's attractivness to Nazism". Nazism was a return to nature in ideas; and profoundly Malthusian. We see the Malthusian aspects of Nazism in their: - belief that economic parity for Germans with US Americans, is absolutely limited by the amount of agricultural land available to Germany. Hence their desire for more land by conquest. - Nazi eugenics - obsessions with renewable power - support given them from German environmentalists (AKA conservationists) The modern Green movement are also intrinsically driven by Malthusian, anti-human concerns. The other connection between Nazism and the modern Green movement is authoritarian politics. The form of authoritarianism is totally different with each. The authoritarianism in Modern Environmentalism is 'soft'; not hard. Witnessed by how they by-pass the will of the people at every stage of politics. By supporting the transfer of power to NGOs, trans-GOs (such as the UN and EU), and GOs (e.g the US EPA), laws passed with no democratic debate nor mandate (E.g. the UK Climate Change Act), ... Societal support for modern environmentalism is surface deep. Hardly anyone votes for them; we have more important concerns. Because they get so little support in democratic institutions the greens by-pass democracy to drive their agenda forward behind the scenes. By capturing institutions, and politicians. In debate, Greens trash freedom of Speech, and are rabidly censorious. The climate movement refuse to debate anyone who's not in with their 'climate crisis', and they have NEVER debated their real political oppenents: people like me who see environmentalism for the social cancer it is. They drive their agenda forward by capturing politicians; not by arguing for their ideas at the grass-roots, or electorally. So the environmentalist disdain for debate is easily understood. It's just pragmatic politics. Green politics is power in action. Heidegger has come full-circle: with greens we see the embrace of power for its own sake - because embracing democracy is far harder.
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  1312. Postmodernism is a weird thing. In the 1970s, when the term became popular, postmodernism was a new radical skepticism. Paradox - Over the previous half-century, postmodernism turned into a kind of canon of the Left. Basing their careers on idea laundering, there's now a whole new inquisition of academic lefties on YouTube policing postmodernism - literally telling me "you're not allowed an opinion on postmodernism because you're not an expert (on it). You don't have a PhD in (some by-way of) postmodernist ideas". No one is is allowed to disagree with radical skepticism; especially not Enlightenment, evidence-bound, skeptics such as me, nor Dr Saad. The Left are going into fits over people such as Jordan Peterson, Gad Saad, Stephen Hicks and Peter Boghossian mortally criticising postmodernism for the pile of dog shit it is. Since when were radical skeptics intellectual policemen? Perhaps Wisecrack is making "ironic" videos taking the piss out of radical skeptic ideas such as postmodernism by policing the ideas with his definitions. Maybe Wisecrack misses what postmoderns claimed? I don't think Jordan Peterson refers to Althusser, and the French Left of half a century ago so much as he does the modern Left. This is obvious to everyone - except self-styled 'expert' Wisecrack. Postmodernism is "out of fashion"? So Wysecrack is calling pomo an intellectual fashion? To the people behind Gender Theory, Critical Race Theory, and anti-Westernism in genderal, pomo is far from a dated fashion - it's a dogma they can't see past.
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  1322. (1) I think your presentation regarding Foucault is wrong. Foucault did not deal with philosophers. He did not write about them and rarely spoke much detail about them. Foucault certainly did not expound other philosopher's ideas, to tell us which ideas he favoured. He never admitted to having an epistemic method. Occasionally Foucault will name drop an idea of Nietzsche's. Foucault's trick was to write about history, to cherry-pick from history and imply that much is hidden or lost, That he, Foucault, was uncovering what really happened - which had been hidden from us by "power". So, Foucault applied a positivist historical method - lot's of citations, etc. Here we have the big problem with Foucault - most other history - also written using a positivist methodology - disagrees with Foucault's history! Who are we to believe and why? (Foucault or his critics?) This is significant because Foucault is the most cited author in academia. (2) "This is a way of thinking about what real justice and real democracy looks like" <- Wisecrack Ha, Wisecrack reveals he's a secret Marxist! Real this and "real" that are Marxist code words (especially "real democracy"); and he knows it. (3) Peterson's basic criticism of Postmodernism and the Left is : 1. The Left's justification was that they would make everyone wealthy. They would end poverty and inequality with the socialist economy. 2. After the late 1960s the Left gradually gave up on their communist utopia. They lost all faith in the superiority of the communist economy. 3. If the Left don't believe in their own vision, how are they to sell it to the rest of us? 4. So the Left colonized postmodernism to cherry pick its bones. To take what was tactically and strategically useful or could be applied (e.g. "truth" is a myth or logocentric fallacy) - and, coincidentally, to bury those deconstructions of logocentrism which might question the Leftist Project. Leftist arguments changed from upfront - "we're aiming for socialist utopia" - to Motte-and-bailey / entryism. Some of these Motte-and-bailey ideas are CRT, Gender critiques, Green critiques, ... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motte-and-bailey_fallacy As an example of motte-and-bailey? Wisecracks' pomo presentation above is such and example! So the Left apply pomo ideas where and when it suits them. At the same time, they blank-out radical pomo ideas which are unsuitable or harmful to them. The Left apply means-ends rationality - using any argument they have to advance a position - even to the extent of routinely lying about society. - there is a climate crisis - white fragility is a huge problem in society - males can be "born in a female body" (and vice versa) These leftist ideas are not just wrong - they are lies, and were always lies. The Left rely on pomo to justify the lies rife in their politics.
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  1329. A good sleeping pill will have a short half-life. Such that, by the time one wakes up, the effects of the drug will have worn off. Unfortunately, such short half-life sleeping pills are called 'date-rape drugs', and are effectively banned. So when I went to my doctor to demand sleeping pills I was given Tamezepan - a benzodiazapine with a longish half-life (Average half-life 10 to 15 hours). After taking it once, I woke up next day in a daze which slowly wore off. Using my (sharp) mind is important in my job, so that was a no-no. The only short-term sleeping drugs I can recommend as effective will all be banned. I won't name them. It looks like useful sleep drugs will be hard to get. What should people with insomnia do? I gave up drinking caffeine drinks after 10am. Caffeine half-life is ~ 5 hours. Which means that: after 5 hours half of it is left in your system. After 10 hours only one quarter, and after 15 hours only one eighth remains. So, in my example, by 1am the next day only one eighth of that caffeine was left in my system. Caffeine has that unfortunate property of keeping you awake at night. It is used in tea, coffee, Coca Cola, Pepsi, Red Bull, ... Never drink it before you go to bed. Ideally - stop drinking caffeine drinks after mid-day. Given you're a caffeine drinker, you'll notice that sometimes you ARE able to sleep at night. So the effect of caffeine in preventing sleep isn't 100%. It can be mitigated by other factors such as: strenuous physical activity, eating carbohydrate meals, taking a benzo. I think most people with insomnia: - drink too many caffeine drinks after noon, - don't get enough physical activity, - or don't eat big meals in the late evening. Unlike Dr Marks - I cannot recommend sleeping pills. The suggested half-life of ambien is: 2 to 3 hours. So after 8 hours, about 3 half-lifes have passed. One eighth of the original dose is still in your system when you wake. Ambien is much better than Tamezepan. When your doctor gives you a sleeping pill ask him/her what the half-life is. Do not accept anything with a half-life longer than 3 hours.
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  1330. "I used to debate people all the time on social media. I used to think it was something worth doing." It is something worth doing. But for yourself. For your own benefit. Because, good debating makes you a saner person. You learn to think sanely, to recognize BS, and debunk it. That's because - in order to debate - you must learn how to think sanely, recognize both good and nonsense arguments. This does not mean you must debate every nutter on the Internet; that's obviously wasting your time. But you should be able to debate people with important ideas - ideas which might affect society. PS: although there are literally hundreds of possible logical fallacies (wrong arguments) people can use against you in debate. In practice most nutters resort to the same bad arguments: * projection - they imagine you as someone you're not; with ideas, motivations you do not have! Most people argue against "strawmen" * insults and labelling. People insult / label you. denier, x-phobe, racist, sexist, ... ^ bullying. People try to shame you into repeating and believing their arguments by applying moral blackmail against you. * argument from authority. THIS expert says Z, therefore you must believe Z. They, themselves will never explain the detailed evidence or argument which Z supposedly has. Most people resort to logical fallacies in a debate, so never learn to debate. You should practice debate simply to master it. This mastery is like an intellectual vaccine. It protects you against the nuttiest arguments sent your way.
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