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Koala From RX-7.com..
here is an interesting piece of text;
"Rotary Displacement"
As rotary engine enthusiasts, we all know the obvious, intoxicating charms of Wankel wonder. Unique, unusual, lightweight, compact, high revving, what’s not to like? One of the most commonly deliberated subjects is “what is the rotary engine’s displacement”? An excellent question. Here’s our best to make the case for the engine’s displacement.
Conventional reciprocating engines are the standard that most relate to. We all know that these engines are measured by measuring the area of the bore, multiply by the stroke and then multiply by the number of cylinders. Simple as that.
For simplicity, we’ll use the 13B engine as the standard we’re calculating. You can use these ideas and apply them to a 12A or 20B yourself. The rotary engine is obviously unique. The engine has two rotors shaped roughly like a triangle. This makes for three combustion faces per rotor and a total of six for a standard two-rotor engine. Each face has a “swept volume” or displacement of 40ci(654cc) and there are a total of six faces. With this known, the engine displacement should be 40ci(654cc) times six to equal 240ci(3.9L), right? In a way, yes, but that would not be a comparable displacement to the 4-cycle engine.
The key for comparing the displacement between the 4-cycle engine and the rotary engine is in studying the degrees of rotation for a thermodynamic cycle to occur. For a 4-cycle engine to complete every thermodynamic cycle, the engine must rotate 720° or two complete revolutions of the crankshaft. The rotary engine is different. The engine rotor rotates at 1/3 the speed of the crankshaft. On two rotor engines, front and rear rotors are 180° offset from each other. Each rotation of the engine (360°) will bring two faces through the combustion cycle (the torque input to the eccentric shaft). This said, it takes 1080° or three complete revolutions of the crankshaft to complete the entire thermodynamic cycle. Obviously, we have a disparity. How can we get a relatable number to compare to a 4-stroke engine? The best way is to study 720° of rotation of the two-rotor engine. Every 360° of rotation, two faces of the engine complete a combustion cycle. 720° will have a total of four faces completing their cycle. 40ci(654cc) per face times four faces equals 160ci or 2.6L. That’s a well-reasoned number and now gives us something to be able to compare to other engines. In addition, since four faces passed by in the comparison, it’s like a four cylinder engine.
Now we know, the 13B compare well to a 2.6L 4-cylinder 4-cycle engine."
But of course any good automotive engineer worth his salt will tell you the same thing... just as I will.
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Good question. Well, due to the limitations of the geometry, the Wankel cannot use a modern "quench effect" combustion chamber design, it has very poor combustion characteristics and efficiency as well as high thermal entropy because of the high surface area and the lower limit on static compression ratio. The Wankel simply does not convert the air fuel charge into heat efficiently and also due to the rather backwards design of mechanism, its triangular piston does not act upon its crankshaft with mechanical advantage, unlike reciprocating engines that produce mechanical advantage or "Leverage". A round or spherical shape is superior in dealing with thermal expansion and sealing... the Wankel's right angles and uneven sides pose is a serious seal design flaw, but the single wiper apex seal is also not a "positive type" seal like a modern "twist -type piston ring. Piston rings seal tighter as pressure increases, apex seal leak, vibrate and overheat as chamber pressure goes up. reciprocating engines can have 2, 3 or even more piston rings, while the wankel is limited to only a single apex seal.
The Wankel cannot take advantage of variable valve lift or variable timing or compression. it is not well suited to support GDI technology either. cheers!
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