Youtube comments of Sam Aronow (@SamAronow).

  1. I think it's worth noting that a major reason only 40% of Americans have passports is because no US state has paid vacation time and some even lack unpaid vacation time. Even then, the time usually allowed is no more than two weeks. "But what about the gap year?" You may ask. Well, no such thing exists in the US as all university degrees require four years of study, including 50% general and elective studies outside one's major, instead of the three years required in the UK. And that's not even factoring in the lack of increase in real wages that's been plaguing the median American worker for the last twenty years. Finally, there's the proximity issue. The US is big and far away; the distance between New York and Los Angeles is equal to that between London and Baghdad; I'd be curious to see figures for the percentage of Europeans who have traveled that distance from their own homes in their lifetimes. And given the financial and time burdens I've already mentioned, most Americans don't even see that much of the US itself. I've visited 30 US states plus DC, and I'd venture a guess that that's more than most of my countrymen. tl;dr most Americans have neither the time nor the proximity nor the disposable income to be able to travel for leisure.
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  2. Baseball had been introduced to Japan during the Meiji period. The Japanese spread it with their empire and it was already the most popular sport by World War II.
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  3. To say that medicine was Maimonides' "fallback job" is to misunderstand the Jewish context. Until fairly recently, being a rabbi was a part-time, unpaid position. Technically speaking, it isn't a position at all but rather a qualification, like a JD, that enables one to perform any number of duties relating to the practice of Jewish law. Some rabbis at this time were practicing professionally, but it was rare until the 19th century and Maimonides himself disapproved of it.
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  4. What I'm learning about this is that not only is the "public" is ten years behind the physics departments but that popular culture is ten years behind the public.
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  5. ATACMS is important because it's the best DEFNSMS.
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  6. Fun fact about Esther: like a lot of literature relegated to the Deuterocanon (except for Maccabees), Esther was probably originally performed as a play after theatre was introduced by the Greeks– meaning that the way we read it aloud today, with audience participation, has probably changed very little from its original use!
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  7. "No way, José." –John Pershing
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  8. Because New York dictates what is culture and stereotypes for All of America. I'm Jewish and they do the same thing with us.
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  9. I have a friend who just moved back to the US with her Israeli street cat. She has a large quotient of African wildcat ancestry, even though she is quite small and ridiculously soft.
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  10. Last time I was this early, Spain was a republic.
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  11. I'm so happy to see Jabari getting more attention from bigger channels; he's one of my favorites.
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  12. Those are some fine-looking posters! Kudos to whomever designed them!
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  13. Re: cinema: You've actually gotten it the wrong way round. European films were so much more popular in the US during the 1950s and 1960s than they are now, and it's precisely because of the Hays Code. After World War II, the Code had become much more of a set of guidelines than strict rules; A film professor of mine once said it was hard to find a successful film from Hollywood's Golden Age that didn't violate the code in at least one way or another. The original intent of the Hays Code was to disincentivize cinemas from showing films that didn't follow the code. But by the 1950s cinema owners didn't care about the Code anymore, so they showed European films that allowed far more violence and sexuality, and it was a big hit.
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  14. Technically speaking, Britain did create an indigenous buffer state between the Appalachian Mountains and Ohio/Mississippi rivers. However, it only officially existed for 20 years.
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  15. Mean = 2 Median = 0
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  16. I think the Eurasian Steppe offers a very interesting parallel to the Sahel in West Africa. Both were geographically convenient for overland trade, but the lack of major mountain ranges to stabilize the climate made fully sedentary, predominantly-agrarian society impossible. So in both places you have these wildly overlapping cultures split between nomadic traders/herders and merchants in cities like Timbuktu or Samarkand. This is enticingly relevant to a series of videos that I'm preparing.
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  17. 1. UsefulCharts for Jewish history! https://usefulcharts.com/collections/sam-aronow?aff=18 Don't worry, my regular videos are returning very soon! 2. I didn't include Humanistic Judaism, as Matt did, because I judged it not to be so much a stream as an organized form of Jewish secularism. 2. The American taboo against tattoos is more complicated than I made it sound. It is true that Jewish law forbids tattoos, but the US is unique in that there is a persistent rumor (untrue) that people with tattoos can't be buried in Jewish cemeteries. This rumor likely originates in 1759, when the leadership of Congregation Shearith Israel in New York considered trying to enforce Jewish Law by refusing to bury people.
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  18. Congratulations! And Courland is present-day Latvia.
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  19. I bloody knew it'd be Jack.
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  20. Dude, I gotta tell you there's some seriously misleading omissions here. Baseball was introduced to Japan in the 1870s and immediately became a popular sport for common people. The JBL (the first top tier of professional play) was created in the 1930s, the Japanese Empire spread baseball to dominate Korea and Taiwan, and Moe Berg was recruited into the OSS precisely because his work as a baseball player had taken him to Japan. I realize you say that baseball's popularity in Japan predates the war, but bringing it back postwar wasn't exactly a hard sell.
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  21. Would you believe this was the most arduous production in the history of this channel? Some additional notes and corrections: 1. Mexico City is better than New York, but not as good as Chicago. You should go. The food is amazing. It's also much cleaner and better-smelling than most other North American cities. 2. While there are currently no serving Jewish governors, senators, or deputies, there have been in the past. I mentioned Lombardo, but he also had a brother who served as a deputy and there have been more recent ones as well who are still alive. 3. While the PNR replaced the Laborist Party, it wasn't simply a reorganization of it, as the Laborists still existed for a while, just without any of their leading figures remaining. Kinda like UKIP. 4. While I generally lean more towards MORENA than the other parties and most Mexican Jews don’t, I view the lack of Jewish solidarity in Mexican politics as a sign of a healthy and tolerant society, even as I see PAN undermining that by constantly testing the taboo against religion in politics.
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  22. My hometown of Pasadena, CA was founded as a tuberculosis colony, though it never actually served as one. My great-grandfather's death from complications of tuberculosis in 1937 is what led my grandfather to move from Chicago to Los Angeles, where he met my grandmother. My existence is the result of tuberculosis.
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  23. El Farolito has been my go-to since my freshman year at SF State. I go there every time I visit. Game recognize game.
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  24. NOTE: We’re now in a period of Jewish history that is much more well-known (at least within the tribe), and that means that I can’t mention every single important figure that you may have heard of. I’m limited primarily by (1) the need for a well-paced, narratively coherent video, which requires avoiding information that’s technically relevant but unnecessary, and (2) the amount of time I can spend on each video while keeping to a semi-monthly schedule that prevents the YouTube algorithm from burying me. This will become even more apparent in the next video, which theoretically could involve almost every public figure in the entire western world. So apologies for not mentioning The Perushim, Haim Bibas, Chaim Zvi Schneersohn, or Menahem Ussishkin.
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  25. Corrections: – Méliès' film L'Affaire Dreyfus was only eleven minutes long, not feature-length. I think I got tripped up by the fact that it comprised 11 reels, but each reel was only 1 minute. – The man in the photo labeled "Jules Gesde" is in fact Russian Revolutionary Georgi Plekhanov. I have no idea how I mixed those two up, but I did make this video while delirious with COVID. – Again, I couldn't include every major player in this, so apologies for failing to mention Yves Guyot, Bernard Lazare, Ludovic Trarieux, Fernand Labori, Francis de Pressené, Auguste Mercier, or Major Paty du Clam.
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  26. I went through a big Welsh phase in high school but never even attempted to make sense of the small states. Thank you for this.
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  27. I think we all know that the Merovingians were best known for lecturing protagonists about causality and baking exceptional chocolate cake.
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  28. As an only child and only grandchild, "last of their kind" hits way too hard.
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  29. Happy 5782! Fun fact: the new year is also the seventh year of the Shmita cycle (Sabbath year), so if the Temple was still standing, this would probably be the point where a foreign power or civil war faction would capture and loot it.
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  30. It's a very popular way to for Israelis to get an EU passport. Unfortunately, my Sephardic ancestors traveled too far afield (Moldova) to hold onto their Spanish names and qualify.
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  31. Well, in the greater scheme of things, yes. But their claimed justification was that they took offense to the name of the dog, Maher, since they thought it was Meir and that it had been named after one of their rabbis as an insult. FWIW, shit like this does occasionally still happen in Israel. I daresay it's actually becoming more and more common.
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  32. Despite the fact that this channel currently remains firmly in the Victorian period, I feel compelled to comment on the passing of Queen Elizabeth II last night for the benefit of our friends and followers in Minhag Anglia. UK Chief Rabbi Ephraim Mirvis has composed a special prayer for the Queen linked below, while Sephardic Senior Rabbi Joseph Dweck has offered his condolences. I was unable to find any announcement of special services regarding the Queen’s passing, but I would be surprised if nothing was done to memorialize her at tonight’s shabbat services in any active UK synagogue. If you don’t know where to go, I would suggest the West London Synagogue (reform) as it has been the most explicit in marking the news. I hope you enjoyed this video, and God save the King. –Sam Aronow https://twitter.com/chiefrabbi/status/1567950100252758016
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  33. CORRECTIONS: 1. The prayer for the head of state is part of the Saturday morning service, not the Friday evening service. It also isn't performed at all in Israel. But I know you're wondering, and if it was, it would be for the President and not the Prime Minister. And yes, this is why I was being uncharacteristically reverent when the Queen died. 2. Something else that may have contributed to Chinese-Jewish-American allyship is that Chinese immigrants also suffered horrendous pogroms in the United States. Before the 1880s, every town on the West Coast (including mine) had a Chinatown, and only the five that survive today weren't destroyed by race riots. 3. The NAACP did have Jewish founders, Henry Moskowitz and Anna Strunsky, but Schiff and Wise weren't brought on until 1914 after being invited onboard by Columbia Professor and Bull Moose Joel Springarn. 4. 24:55 I said "British refugees" instead of "Jewish refugees." But hey, they were British once they got there.
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  34.  @garyermann  I've looked into Punic. It's semi-intelligible to Hebrew speakers.
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  35. I think something that gets missed with the nostalgia goggles on is that Indy is not a paragon. In fact, the only difference between him and Belloq at the outset is that Belloq is a Nazi, and his arc in the film is re-examining his moral compass through the filter of the hunt for the Ark. Rewatching it as an adult brought a lot more depth than I recognized as a kid. I think the second movie messes this up by having him learn the same lesson again, except it’s canonically earlier.
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  36. Honestly he could've committed fraud in a creative, fun, and philanthropic manner.
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  37. Thanks so much for this. I've really wanted to know what's being done about corruption in Ukraine so it can function properly when the war is over, and last night I was just thinking that nobody else thought it was important enough to cover. And here we are.
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  38. CORRECTIONS AND CLARIFICATIONS: 1. Roman I was a vassal of Poland and thus a representative of the Polish government, but was not from Poland. He was a native of Romania. Forgive my poor wording. 2. My maps of New York in 1885 and 1889 depict the IRT 3rd and 9th Avenue elevated lines but not the 2nd and 6th Avenue lines. All four lines began operation in 1878 and this will be corrected in all future videos. And yes, the East Side of Manhattan used to have decent service.
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  39. Notes/Corrections/etc. Thanks to everyone who's participated in this year's viewer survey. If you haven't done so yet, I encourage you to do so as it helps inform my creative and business decisions regarding the channel: https://forms.gle/Q5o3F6awJ2RAdfpq5 Correction: the Polish flag is not depicted upside-down; that is the flag of Austrian Galicia. Omission: I didn't talk about the other side of my family. My great-grandfather Nahum Schenker and his family also fled their homes in Priluky near Poltava during the Black Hundreds pogroms and resettled in Odessa, where they made chocolate, before relocating to Cleveland in 1911. His future wife's family, the Chernick Wassermans, settled variously in Cleveland, Montreal, and Winnipeg, but I don't know as much about them. I'm saving that side for when we get to Prohibition.
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  40. "Of all the Communists I know, Hank loves money the most."
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  41. Thales Gagliardi Downing Street, Fleet Street, Wall Street...
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  42. See y’all at Gallipoli. CORRECTIONS/NOTES 1. I don’t intend to make videos this long basically ever. I have nine videos planned for WWI and they will mostly be smaller, more intimate/focused stories (with the exception of that one big one). 2. Apologies to those hoping I would mention Emma Goldman, Joseph Pulitzer, or Jim Novy. Novy was in the script but had to be cut. It was information overload, which is why most things get cut. 3. FDR was Assistant Secretary of the Navy. 4. The Palestine, MI that was a Jewish agricultural colony was in Northern Michigan, not the place of the same name in the Upper Peninsula. 5. Newly-minted citizens would receive a Certificate of Naturalization, not a Certificate of Citizenship.
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  43. 10,000 subs 16:13 IDT 24 Sep 2021
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  44. The only mustaches I saw in Mexico City belonged to Americans. As with the Italians and French, our facial hair stereotypes are stuck in the Interwar period.
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  45. CORRECTIONS/ELABORATIONS: First: at 3:39 Vienna is misplaced, in reality it's much further north next to Pressburg/Bratislava. Second: "Jewish State" is really a mistranslation but it's one that's accepted. Judenstaat should really be translated as "Jews' State." The German and Hebrew are much clearer about this, and that's what Ahad HaAm was playing on: he wanted not a "Jews' State" (a state comprising a Jewish majority) but a "Jewish State" (a state with an authentic and organic Jewish culture).
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  46. NOTES 1. Sorry for the audio quality on Ryan's segment. I'm not an audio specialist, so don't judge me too badly, but all I did to it was increase the bass levels to match the rest of the video. It was not blown out or hard-right until I uploaded it to YouTube. 2. Weird coincidence: I've been working on this video since 24 February 2022 (and yes, elements of these videos are often planned that far in advance). I was just starting to design the thumbnail when the news broke of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. 3. This video was already uploaded and scheduled when news broke that Russia was introducing an "email draft" which would re-classify absentee citizens as draft dodgers and deprive them of numerous financial and administrative rights. So the spirit of Vannovsky lives on.
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  47. To quote a Ukrainian officer in 2022, “we weren’t a nation before, but we are now.”
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  48. The same thing happened to me after picking up a Japanese-English dictionary from 1910.
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  49. I'll be doing a Hebrew evolution series on my channel.
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  50. Ancient for now...
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  51. I visited Morocco– admittedly for one night– and I need to go back. I did notice that they had pictures of the King everywhere.
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  52. Meanwhile, Berl Katznelson and David Ben-Gurion are hanging out in the hospital like "what if we had a Workers' Soviet and a Constituent Assembly?"
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  53. Notes 1. At 14:01 IDT, 59 minutes before this video launched, the channel reached 50,000 subscribers. 2. Correction: Churchill was a Liberal MP during the war. 3. Clarification: as you might guess from the four Hebrew and Arabic surnames among the 15 dead of the ZMC, many of its personnel were in fact native-born Ottoman citizens who fled Palestine voluntarily. 4. Correction: Lord Kitchener's ship was sunk by a mine, not a torpedo.
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  54. I've been waiting for deliberations in this case for over a month now. The main thing that struck me is that both tech companies and creators are siding with the status quo, which is unusual, while the main opponent...is Josh Hawley.
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  55. It's not much better if you are Jewish, because unless you are specifically studying Jewish history as a university course, everything between the Bar Kochba Revolt and the May Laws is brushed over in the very broadest of strokes at best. Today I have closed that gap.
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  56. Correction that didn't make it into the recap video! There is no Jewish law prohibiting a divorcée from remarrying while her ex-husband is still alive. Instead, Archelaus' marriage to Glaphyra was illegal because it violated Levirate Marriage. According to Halacha, a man is obliged to marry his brother's widow if she is childless, though he can opt out. However, a man is forbidden from marrying his brother's widow if she already has children. Glaphyra had already had three children by Prince Alexander.
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  57. Bold move, UsefulCharts. Let's see if it pays off.
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  58. Imperial Japan considered this idea, but we're not there yet.
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  59. Obligatory comment here. I don't have anything to say about this video except that the Pharisees introduced the concepts of the immortality of the soul and special providence, as opposed to the pre-existing concept of General Providence which is more like Karma in Hinduism and Buddhism and remains the more influential moral concept within Judaism; i.e. that the consequences of our moral actions are visited on the entire world, not merely oneself. Denying the immortality of the soul, however, is ultimately the hill that the Sadducees died on– other than, you know, no longer having a Temple and priestly elite to rally around.
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  60. If American jazz and prog rock musicians obsess over your time signatures, you're Balkan.
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  61. Clinton actually did implement a fair number of new social policies in his first two years, but for the remaining six had to deal with a Republican-controlled Congress who wouldn't allow such policies to move forward. The tactic then was to call their bluff by proposing ideas based on their own insincere policy proposals, which they themselves would never have actually tried doing, and daring them to vote against it.
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  62. Fun fact: A Christmas Carol is the main reason why Christmas is almost always depicted in the northern hemispheric English-speaking world as snowy. Dickens' childhood was during both the tail end of the Little Ice Age and an extreme volcanic winter due to the eruption of Mt. Tambora, and thus incorporated it into his work. In England and especially London today, white Christmases are very rare, so white Christmases in Britain basically exist as an anachronistic legacy of this work. However, many Britons I've come to encounter assume this is equally true of the US if not more so for how much further south the country is and how much hotter the summers are. Many have been shocked by the reality of a midwestern winter.
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  63. An assortment of family connections in this video: – Samuel David Luzzatto was the great-great-nephew of Mosé Luzzatto, the Ramhal, and the great-grandfather of New York City mayor Fiorello LaGuardia. Prime Minister Luigi Luzzatti is from a different branch of the same family. – Giacomo Segre was the great-grandson of Rabbi Salvatore Segre, the deputy leader of Napoleon's Sanhedrin, and the father of World War I general Roberto Salvatore Segre. Italian Senator Liliana Segre is from a different branch of the same family. – Sarina Levi Nathan returned to Italy after the Capture of Rome and was very active in assisting women and the poor. Her son Ernesto Nathan was mayor of Rome from 1907 to 1913.
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  64.  @fishofgold6553  Or the sailor who deserted in Ecuador on the Essex whaling expedition.
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  65. An interesting note courtesy of Noam: the horsemen of Geva weren't Jewish! While there were elite Jewish cavalry in ancient Judea, these were foreigners (mostly from Phrygia in Anatolia) employed by Herod and his descendants to be loyal to the Royal Family rather than the Great Sanhedrin. This very nicely explains a very strange event described by Josephus at the end of the Royalist Temple Siege in 66: when the Great Sanhedrin declared war on Rome, the official cavalry commander Philip remained on the side of King Agrippa II and the Romans, while the Master of Horse Darius joined the rebels. It may be assumed that Philip was a pagan while Darius was Jewish.
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  66. A vast improvement, sir! But I promise I'll take a different tone and emphasis with my own video in a few weeks. ETA: Kabbalah dates back quite a bit further back than Luria; he is just the most widely accepted authority on it. And Jewish mysticism in general goes back to the Roman era.
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  67. Well, as I said in the video, it's only a very small part of the overall picture. I think it would be great if more communities shed light on their own experiences like this. Like, I just found out that there was a well-established Muslim community in South Carolina. I want to know more about that.
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  68. Oh no. You put Hebrew words into Adobe's creative suite and "Tanakh" came out backwards.
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  69. My video editor is descended from Pressburg Germans. She's currently trying to get a Slovakian passport.
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  70. Honestly, I've been consistently impressed by the way historical YouTube channels have made economic history interesting– Extra History's series on the South Sea Bubble and the evolution of paper money are particularly outstanding. And of course anytime someone decides to make a video about the Opium Wars.
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  71. Thank you for the correction, though Halloween was never a rationale to persecute Jews; it's just that the Black Hundreds massacres of 1905 happened to overlap with 31 October in the Gregorian calendar.
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  72. Before anyone asks: yes, the previous two episodes were just setup for this. Project Imperial China: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLfp1VB3Lm4IliePR_gQtPa27Gof_XPh0F
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  73. I saw the title and assume Admiral Yi will rise from the grave to show them what a real battle turtle looks like.
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  74. Thank you so much. Did you see my recent video on Ben-Yehuda? Algeria played a major role in the standardization of Hebrew.
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  75. Yeah, I didn't want to elaborate on this, but 9 times out of 10 "cultural authenticity" is just a term used by fascists to weaponize liberal guilt in their favor. It's why The Last Samurai makes me so uncomfortable– you'd think Hideki Tojo had written the screenplay.
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  76. His father.
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  77.  @farkasvilkas  The US did the same thing.
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  78. This is a historical perspective I'd love to see more of. Are there any YouTubers specializing in Roma history?
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  79. Failure to raise the debt limit is very similar to returning to the Gold Standard– it's simple and can be stated in a single sentence, but in the context of an entire economy is just a complete self-own that does nothing but make the country and most people poorer. Greece defaulted because it couldn't pay; the US defaulting would be nothing but a choice, effectively punishing society for the crime of functioning (such as it does). And all to make life harder for old people and poor people.
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  80. Sorry if my audio is lower-quality than usual; my new computer doesn't agree with my old microphone. I'm currently upgrading and it should be ready in time for the next video.
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  81. Other important Jewish texts, for those interested The Mishnah, compiling the rulings and laws of the Great Sanhedrin (parliament/high court) from 10-200 CE, later combined with Jerusalemite and Babylonian commentaries to form the Talmud. The commentaries of Rashi, 11th century rabbi in Alsace-Lorraine, explaining ambiguous statements in the Tanakh. The Mishneh Torah, a twelve-volume summary of basic Jewish laws, written by Moses Maimonedes in the late 12th century. The Shulchan Aruch, 16th century text explaining how Jewish law should be applied to everyday life.
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  82. Basically Isis is Captain Marvel.
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  83.  @suspiciousaction4063  Comments from accounts identifying themselves as Palestinian have mostly been very respectful. It's the skinheads, disputationists, hoteps, and "John Johnson, real Amerikanski from Texas Oblast, horosho!" you gotta worry about.
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  84.  @מ.מ-ה9ד  There was also the recent attacks on a Conservative synagogue in the Golan and on a Christian cemetery in Jerusalem. I fear for this country. There are a lot of problems we should have dealt with at the time of independence. We never achieved civic religion.
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  85.  @מ.מ-ה9ד  In order for large numbers of American Jews to move to Israel, there must be a widespread impetus to leave the United States. No such impetus has existed in American history. Even in the 1920s, which I would consider the apex of American political antisemitism, it wasn't worth it. For this reason, the few American Israelis tend to either be very religious or old-school SocDem/DemSocs like myself. And additionally, there is a perception in the US that we make up a much larger share of Israel's population than we do.
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  86. Good job, Göktürks!
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  87.  @teresas8173  He was called America's Mayor just because he happened to be mayor during 9/11. It completely turned around his public image...until he tried running for President in 2008.
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  88.  @KhAnubis  It goes both ways. My Israeli passport prohibits me from at least a dozen countries inc. Malaysia (note: it also opens left-to-right like Iran). But I get visa-free access to Russia, which is cool. The Israeli passport actually makes it easier to get into Jordan and the Sinai than the US passport does. And people with only Israeli passports have a harder time getting into the US...because the government really doesn't want people to move away. The real prize over here though is an EU passport.
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  89. Naturally, the video that reveals how old I am (16:19) happened to come out on my birthday. I did not realize that before scheduling it.
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  90. Joe Manchin is simply a contrarian. He isn’t serving his own beliefs or the will of his constituents; he just takes a contrary position midway between the Republicans and the other Democrats in the belief that it makes him look reasonable and independent-minded. It is in fact that opposite.
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  91. If anything, US politics at this time was even weirder. Both parties had left and right wings but managed to stay united because the most important issue for 20 years was whether the value of money should be tied to gold or silver. We're gonna get into it later.
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  92.  @Gala-yp8nx  And those types of folks really hate it when you put Jesus’ life and sayings into the Jewish context of the period. I get daily hate comments telling me that Judaism is an elaborate hoax invented to conceal Jesus’ divinity because Christianity is the original version of Judaism.
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  93. Blücher! (neigh)
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  94. Yes, but she then forbid Jews from living outside the Pale without permission.
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  95. I almost didn't catch that; "except for Karl Marx" was a VO insert. That said, London was definitely the place to be in the 1860s. To quote John Lennon, "If I'd lived in Roman times, I'd have lived in Rome."
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  96. My dad once took a class at Occidental College that was taught by Alexander Kerensky. The past is not that long ago.
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  97. Is it possible to adopt an aunt?
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  98. CORRECTIONS/NOTES – We can be certain that Samuel didn't want the electoral system that he got, because as soon as the 1923 elections failed, he was apparently given a free hand to come up with a system to which the PAC was much more receptive. This will be relevant in the next video. – In the process of making this I found sync sound of Jabotinsky giving a speech in the 1930s. He's speaking Yiddish, but I gotta say: "Vlad Vexler by way of Jeremy Irons" wasn't far off! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=spOqRS1HzTY
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  99. "Another sucker punch from the Campbells!" –Possibly Mad Men's greatest moment
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  100. The Greeks at this time venerated the pomegranate as a fertility aid for just this reason.
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  101. FYI Fico is pronounced "fitzo" and Cintula is pronounced "tzintula." C in Slovak is a tz sound.
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  102. CORRECTIONS/NOTES – Me to my script editor: "come to think of it, this story is remarkably similar to The Hobbit." – The music list neglects to mention "The Darkness of the Light" by My My Snake Eyes, which I've included in videos before. – Credit where credit is due to the Jewish Legion Museum in Avihayil, where I did a great deal of hands-on research for this video. They didn't allow me to film in there, but they did have handwritten recollections from the 1960s by veterans of the ZMC and the 38th-40th as well as otherwise unavailable photos and artifacts. Mind you, it is technically a military facility and the buses from Netanya are weirdly infrequent.
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  103. It all started with a badly-timed bald joke.
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  104. Damn, I must have forgotten to change the label when I re-used it. But I'm glad you enjoyed it!
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  105. I find St. Germain dissolves well with vodka.
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  106. I walked outside the apartment for the first apartment in three days and it was surreal. Almost no men between 18 and 45 on the streets. My roommate and many friends are now on duty. I hope to see them again soon.
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  107. I disagree with the premise that sanctions are a punishment intended to undermine the Russian regime– if that was the case, it was only secondary. Rather, it is foremost a military tactic intended to undermine Russia's ability to collect the resources necessary to continue the war, from cash to microchips.
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  108. NOTES/CORRECTIONS 1. This is your last chance to participate in the 2023 viewer survey, as it closes at the end of this month: https://forms.gle/kJkMuvZNQex4oNYa9 

2. I can’t guarantee that my next video, which will be the last of this run of episodes, will be out in the usual three weeks. This is quite literally the biggest thing I’ve ever done, and there’s just too much research, writing, artwork, and collabortion to know that a timely release is possible, especially as I’ll be traveling while working on it. It’ll come out when it comes out and I’ll try to make that as soon as possible, and in the meantime I’ll try to release some bonus content.
 3. CORRECTION: Cemal Paşa’s meeting was only with Ben-Zvi, not Ben-Gurion. 4. I forgot to credit "Gordon's Niggun," a musical piece written by A.D. Gordon and performed by Nizzan Zvi Cohen.
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  109. NOTES/CORRECTIONS: Correction: the conservative National Party (not to be confused with Gounraris' more economically-moderate Nationalist Party) supported the war.
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  110.  @communistcuphead2901 I’ve been fluent most of my life. It’s my second language and Hebrew is my third.
    71
  111. Patience...
    71
  112. Thank you so much for your words. For what it's worth, I took Sunday school right up to 7th grade and never got more than the traditional Tanakh-Palmach "nothing between the 1st and 19th centuries matters" education that everyone else seems to have experienced. Part of the impetus for this channel was to fix that lack of continuity.
    71
  113. Have you ever noticed how certain understandings of time travel come in and out of fashion? The 2000s were the decade of the closed time loop (Timecrimes, Blink, Lost, Harry Potter), but now most new fiction scoffs at that, says "time is a river," and happily indulges alternate timelines.
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  114. The Crusaders at the time even compared themselves to the Maccabees. It was a hell of a cognitive dissonance.
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  115. Judaism doesn't really do separate denominations in the Christian sense. They're just different schools of thought, and the movement of people and ideas between them is pretty fluid. This is actually something I've been covering in my own video series on Jewish history, which has just reached the early 18th century.
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  116. Somebody in the teaser comments described it as Herzl playing SimCity, and that's just about perfect.
    66
  117. "Crabs keep turning into land animals!"
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  118. Officially they did, but with a couple asterisks that I'm sure will become relevant in future videos.
    65
  119. There isn't even "an education system" in the US. Each state has its own.
    65
  120. We will get to that. We will all get to that.
    64
  121. Look for the part of the video where my native accent slips out! CORRECTION: It's not that asinine to translate "kadima" as "east," since "kedma" is an archaic term for "east" in Hebrew. However, Yonas spelled out the "i" sound, so it still wasn't tremendously credible, especially in the context of the essay.
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  122. Correction to the Corrections: The Satmar Hasidic dynasty was established in 1905. It was Satmar's parent dynasty, Siget, that was established outside of the Pale without a pre-existing following. FYI, the differences between Hasidim and Mitnagdim also hold for all streams of Judaism other than Karaism. The disagreement is not over Jewish belief or biblical interpretation, but rather over the nature and role of Judaism as an institution.
    64
  123.  @elseggs6504  Where do so many people get the impression that Americans are discouraged from traveling abroad? I lived there the first 28 years of my life and there's a universal sense that everyone should want to do that. Of course there's an equal pull to try exploring the US as well (and I think that's justified as well), but they're not presented as mutually exclusive. Domestic and international travel are both promoted and idealized.
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  124. I regret confusing her with Naomis Klein, Campbell, and Harris for the last 20 yars.
    63
  125. I'm part of a handful of Slack groups that records experiences with sponsors, and as a result I was able to avoid offers that were (1) for sketchy products or services, (2) from sketchy companies with oddly frequent connections to Moscow, (3) handled by sketchy middlemen with an established history of underpaying/avoiding payment, or most commonly all three. I haven't gotten any offers like that in the past year, but I've always been curious to reach out to craft businesses where I or my collaborators have an existing relationship and are actual consumers of that product. Alternately, I'd really love to get a sponsorship for a letter of the alphabet. That's when you know you've made it.
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  126. CHANNEL UPDATES 1. I'm currently working on my next book, so if I'm a little slow to put out videos, this is why. It has nothing to do with Jewish history, but if you liked my first book you'll probably like this one. 2. The WWI halftime recap, Pasadena recap, and viewer survey results are all coming out before the new year.
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  127. It's both.
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  128. Iraq will almost certainly be covered in the 1920s. Most of the others are on the list of potential specials and two of them are on the short list.
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  129. Not in the same way. Those languages were never politicized the way Yiddish was.
    59
  130. I've met Benny Tzedaka! I visited him for my book and he had an excellent story about why the Samaritans now live in Holon.
    58
  131.  @Mango-webIl  Oh, archeologists have found ticket stubs from Jerusalem's theatre in the Second Temple Period!
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  132. That's not an original; I got it from HistoriaCivilis and I'm sure he got it from other sources.
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  133. And in the UK of course you had Vidal Sassoon, whose father was from Thessaloniki.
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  134. Clarification/Reiteration: The Spanish Inquisition is a total violation of most of the world's modern values system, and for good reason, but I wanted to challenge the way in which it has historically been conflated with the Alhambra Decree and thus has taken up a disproportionate amount of popular historical memory. If you really want to see something more akin to that, just wait and see what ended up happening in Portugal.
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  135. Expect to hear that phrase more during the Talmudic Period.
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  136. So glad he's back. Mr. Wyetzner's video on tenements and other New York apartment types has been invaluable to the research for my next video.
    54
  137.  @slamwall9057  That isn't what happened; I just hated doing it to begin with and realized I don't have to.
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  138. Yes, it was basically a neo-Ottomanist version of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion and Erdoğan loved it.
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  139. He’s right: that is Europe’s ass.
    53
  140.  @jakeoutrider7644  Lucky you, you have a good job, either in the public sector or for a company that does that to attract and keep workers. I never did. In most of the developed world, that's a mandatory provision.
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  141. Sorry if I come off as a little surly on this one. At the time of recording it was the end of the day, I was losing my voice, and I'd just spent considerable time either at the doctor's office or marching in the streets. I also spent most of that afternoon doing some very grisly and demoralizing research for the next video (more grisly and demoralizing than the actual video will be, I promise), so I was just kind of out of it.
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  142. Anyone interested in this stuff on the ground level should check out “One Summer: 1927” by Bill Bryson.
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  143. I just can't include everything.
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  144. Note: I didn't get at all the corrections that people brought up in the comments because I make and schedule these videos way ahead of time. In the future I'll be more responsive to what people actually point out. Also important: I, CLAUDIUS IS NOT HISTORY. It is a historical fiction based on the most outrageous rumors about Roman society, originally written as a novel in the 1930s as a rebuttal to the then-popular notion of Ancient Rome as being very respectable.
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  145. Eventually. We've got some time to go before that though.
    52
  146. @1:51 Hanukkah is spelled backwards.
    51
  147. There's a reason: hardly anyone was coming over, and most of the people who were were those who'd fled during the war.
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  148. I think he was based on John of Gaunt, but history is always repeating itself.
    50
  149. Okay, you have to do something on Action Park.
    50
  150. Internet Explorer can also be traced back to King Solomon.
    50
  151. This channel exists because of OSP. They are much better-promoted in the Israeli algorithm (due to geographic relevance, I guess) and I first saw their videos while jet-lagged on my first night in Israel.
    50
  152.  @lrt_unimog8316  Patience...
    50
  153. Neither did I!
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  154. “Favorite” is a misinterpretation. “Chosenness” is just a contract with God to fulfill certain ritual obligations, whereas everyone else just has to follow 7 basic moral laws (assuming God doesn’t have other contracts with other groups, which isn’t to be taken for granted). All of which is to say a legal argument could be made by these fundamentalist groups that they’re not allowed to dance but other people are. Which of course defeats the justification for a civil ban on dancing, but that’s ancillary to an ecclesiastical argument.
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  155. Beginning in 1740, Daher Omar seized power in Tiberias and gradually expanded his realm to reach from Jaffa to Sidon. He oversaw a major rebuilding of the cities and infrastructure that the Ottomans hadn't touched since Suleiman's time, and transformed Haifa into the main port city that it is today. This will become relevant when we reach the Vilna Gaon.
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  156. Just wait until I get to your episode.
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  157. Assorted trivia that didn't make it into the video: 1. This video was filmed the weekend that my video "The Melting Pot" dropped. In fact I was frantically writing the subtitles for that video on the plane and in my hotel room. 2. This was Grant and my second attempt to film this, having previously done so last year to coincide with the release of "Minhag America," but the sound was all ruined. 3. We filmed a piece at the site of Emperor Norton's death, but the ambient noise was too overwhelming to be usable. The night before, I did have a drink at Elixir, a bar which Norton actually drank at.
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  158. As more time passes, more information is being digitized and translated, especially in Ukraine, so more of it is becoming available. This is also true of my family, which I recently discovered were Maskilim. However, generally speaking the migration pattern was Judea-Italy-Germany-Poland-the Pale.
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  159. “It’s one bacon, Michael! How much could it cost? $10?”
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  160.  @trajancaesar2662  I don't think you can assume that, because the court is now dominated by religious conservatives who may share Hawley's vision– keep in mind, the dude wants to outlaw pornography and premarital sex, which would absolutely overturn existing precedents, and the court is in the habit of doing exactly that for exactly those reasons.
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  161. That's true, and I'll get into it eventually, but they didn't actually get around to doing that until the Brody Herem of 1756.
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  162. NOTES/CORRECTIONS – Channel memberships are here! I'm only allowing 99¢ memberships because I'd prefer that people go through Patreon, but I understand why some people might not want to sign up for yet another service (especially due to the App Store's recent decision to gouge both of us). If you have any ideas for custom badges and emojis for me to design, feel free because I haven't come up with any yet.
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  163. ​ @maxglendale7614  Ah, but due to the way the Presidential Succession Act interacts with the 25th amendment, successors below VP would only become acting President, not someone placed into the official position of President. This is not the current interpretation, but a constitutional argument can be made for someone who is not a natural-born citizen to be in the line of succession.
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  164. I was surprised to find out that it didn't. In fact, only after Transjordan was partitioned did it gain a Jewish population due to workers on the Naharayim hydroelectric plant.
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  165.  @Mark-qq9cd Apparently he thought rising to the occasion was a temp job.
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  166.  @vylbird8014  I wish we'd had this expression during the Vietnam War.
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  167.  @Ian-nl9yd  I would not read American Evangelical fondness for Jews, for the most part, as being more than condescension. I cringe whenever I see an Israeli flag on the pulpit of a megachurch. I've never seen that at a synagogue, despite what movies and TV suggests.
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  168. Film footage was first used in "The Dreyfus Affair," but not to this extent. Thanks!
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  169. NOTES – For those wondering about Democratic Centralism: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vTKwL7eW-1Q – CORRECTION: Amin al-Husseini had red hair and blue eyes. I will fix this in future videos. – CLARIFICATION: The Assembly wasn't the Palestinian parliament, but rather more like the "Jewish Parliament" in the Ukrainian People's Republic. We'll get into it more next time. – There is some question as to the methodology of the King-Crane Commission's report. It certainly wouldn't be done the same way today. Even worse, there's a lot of subtext in that report suggesting that King and Crane abused the data they got in order to make conclusions that they thought Wilson wanted.
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  170. I released a short video announcing it at the time, having learned my lesson from only making a community post in 2022.
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  171. POSTERS: https://usefulcharts.com/collections/sam-aronow?aff=18 (disclosure: I am a UsefulCharts affiliate) IMPORTANT NOTE: This video is not intended to be an exhaustive examination of Hasidic beliefs and practices, and for good reason. While researching for this video, I was surprised to discover that Hasidism was still an extremely nebulous movement by the end of the Besht's life. Very little was codified at this point, and many of the traits we associate with the movement emerged in the late 18th and early 19th century. In any case, this video was only intended to focus on the origins of Hasidism and the life of its founder, which is why it's called "The Beginnings of Hasidic Judaism." I'm sure to revisit this topic in the near future. If you do want a more comprehensive overview of the movement past and present, I urge you to check out Seekers of Unity's recent video on the subject: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juGZfcDie3A
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  172. Only as a nickname though. The name was changed in the 1830s.
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  173. Sardinian being the closest language to Latin is a dubious claim, as it is the last remnant of the Afro-Romance family, which was the first group of languages to diverge from that Latin spoken in Europe. Polymathy has a video somewhere explaining that the Latin of 5th-century Italy was written the same as Classical Latin but pronounced much more similarly to modern Italian.
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  174. Oh, not at all. The Jewish population actually increased under Salazar as escapees from Nazi occupation took refuge there. The same thing happened in Spain. It was not long after that time (1970s) that the community of Belmonte formally came out of hiding, though they’d been discovered in 1917.
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  175. I can see why semi-Salic law died out. It's way too complicated!
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  176. Just dropped my ballot off, all blue + pro-renter, pro-educational initiatives at the city, county, and state levels. Researched all my local judges too.
    42
  177. Patience.
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  178.  @omegapc9520  The Scottish Highlander thing is kind of a myth. Most backcountry settlers came from Northern England and Northern Ireland and actually settled much closer to the coast than what we today think of as Appalachia. This, of course, was a time before canals or railroads, when anyplace ships couldn't get to from the sea was considered "roughing it." The issue of settlement in the west was less of settlers actually living there and more of real estate developers snatching up claims where they thought settlers would live in the future.
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  179. That's unfortunately going to come up again in a few weeks, in a video that will probably be demonetized and will probably have to have the comments closed.
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  180. At the very least, that genuinely never happened again. They boycotted all the way until 1949, but it didn't matter anymore since the Assembly was already legitimized as part of the Palestinian political system.
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  181. Hebrew is weird like this too; literary Hebrew is a mix of VSO and SVO while vernacular Hebrew is mostly but not entirely SVO. And this stylistic distinction persists.
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  182. אני סקרן לדעת מה הם מלמדים בהיסטוריה כאן. עליתי כמבוגר אז זה כתם עיוור גדול (וברור שגם אני לא למדתי את זה בבית הספר).
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  183. Okay, it isn't just me.
    41
  184. Sound the Sideways Alarm!
    41
  185. Convergent evolution.
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  186. You know that’s only Massachusetts, right? The US has very diverse origins, all with their own unique political cultures that have contributed to the whole; from Jamestown to New Amsterdam to Alta California.
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  187. It made news again a few years ago when Steven Spielberg began development for a movie about it, leading a priest in Rome to write an op-ed defending the kidnapping, which led a bunch of American conservative Catholic columnists to start fighting each other. The movie never happened.
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  188. What a coincidence! I just updated the count for my own script. Of course it wouldn't be a video on the Russian Revolution if no one could agree on the totals: 346 SR 180 Bolshevik 110 Ukrainian SR 18 Menshevik 16 Kadet 12 Alash Orda 10 ARF 7 Musavat 79 other 30 never elected
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  189. There are more Jews in Taiwan than there used to be, as Taiwan is much more of a western-style immigrant society than most people realize, and they seem to be doing quite well. But there are only about 800 of them.
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  190. Well, shit.
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  191. Until I get tired of it.
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  192. My grandparents also didn't pass on Yiddish. They claimed not to see any point in doing so since it was a dead language in all but academic and ultra-religious circles. But I suspect they just liked being able to speak to each other in a language their children didn't understand. Unrelated: is your avatar IKB? I've seen that painting in person!
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  193. You know, I never questioned it.
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  194. I think it was after. A lot of doubt has been cast by historians on the idea that it was prohibited before.
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  195. I need to see this.
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  196. It's even in the Bible! God makes the Israelites wander in the wilderness for 40 years to prevent a country from being run by former slaves.
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  197. Commodity currency is dumb. Money is the medium by which value is exchanged, not the value itself.
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  198. Thanks. I've always felt there's a disconnect in the way Jewish history is told. When it's taught to gentiles, it's usually talking about something else and then mentioning "hey, Jews were also there." When taught within the Jewish community, it's very limited to subjects that are already popular knowledge while neglecting a lot of fascinating stories. My hope is that, by putting Jewish history back into the context of world history, I can make it a more rewarding subject that will draw more people in.
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  199. Happy New Year. This was filmed Tuesday of last week, in accordance with social-distancing protocols. As of one hour ago (at the time of this video's release), a new lockdown has begun in Israel.
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  200. Because the success of the first few animated feature films in the US set a precedent that animation was a medium for children. Walt Disney basically took a backseat from filmmaking after becoming disillusioned with the failure of Fantasia for exactly this reason. And nowadays traditional animation is strictly seen as anti-populist foreign/arthouse cinema. Video games, on the other hand...
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  201. TCH seems to generally prioritize historical accuracy over historical truthfulness or the effort to put forth a general concept. The Death of Stalin succeeds in how it uses history to dispel the myth of invincibility or unity in authoritarian regimes. The last season of The Americans had a very similar conclusion, with (SPOILERS FOR A TRULY EXCELLENT AND UNDERAPPRECIATED SHOW) Elizabeth realizing that the Soviets never had a united front and that the Organs had begun working against the best interests of the USSR as well as the US; seeing through the flaws and lies in her country while still loving it.
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  202. I wish people would bring this up more.
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  203. I don't think English is at risk of replacing Hebrew, considering it was never established as a primary language here. I think that's the main challenge facing other language revivals. Because of the time period, my default point of comparison is Irish. Most people in Ireland already spoke English, most of the Irish diaspora was in English-speaking countries, and English literature had already developed a central place in Irish culture that no language had in the Jewish world. I'm less familiar with Welsh culture (if more familiar with the language itself), but I imagine it's much the same there.
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  204. ⁠ @fnansjy456 He already knows. We met on this trip.
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  205. I was careful to say "Bonaparte's military career." There was worse stuff that happened under his leadership of France, but he was not the military commander in those campaigns.
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  206. True, but half of respondents were from the US, and I would be surprised if that was part of the curriculum in any US state. The one possible exception is the District of Columbia, since it's just one city and has multiple synagogues/museums. Some local districts or private schools may mandate such a visit but most communities in the US are either too underfunded or too far away from any relevant place and largely don't see the need.
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  207. I know that today is 2 Elul 5780. And that I was born on 20 Kislev 5750.
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  208. I remember this! I saw a clip from the Daily Show making fun of the beret as being "something for the army to do since there are no more wars to fight." That was June of 2001.
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  209. It did occur to me during the making of that video that Hagiz and the Witchfinder were technically contemporaries.
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  210. How about Zarphatic, the Jewish language of medieval England?
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  211. His food source migrated north, forcing him to follow.
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  212.  @weevilstevil9901  I was surprised by this. In my research about Monash I read a lot of handwringing from Australian politicians/intellectuals about how seemingly impossible it is to make Australian history feel relevant to New Australians. This baffled me for two reasons. (1) I'm American, and we're very good at teaching immigrants and their children that our history matters to them. (2) John Monash is, like, the model New Australian before the concept existed. This should be easy.
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  213. Meqabyan is one of those mysteries that I really wish there was more contemporary context for. Historians are pretty sure now that Jews arrived in Ethiopia in the 1st century CE, yet not only is the actual history of the Maccabees missing, but there's...like...a Maccabees fanfic borrowing elements from the First Temple Period? And we don't know how much the Jews influenced early Ethiopian Christianity or vice-versa. It's endlessly frustrating.
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  214. And as I say this I now crave the 1990s candy bar called ATACMS that exists only in my head.
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  215. I’ll just say that we’re done with 18th century Eastern Europe and beginning the “Emancipation Trilogy.”
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  216.  @baltulielkungsgunarsmiezis9714  Yes. Many other countries.
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  217. I've been waiting for someone to make "I can't believe you only have X subscribers." The last channel I saw that on was History House Productions, who has completely blown up over the past year.
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  218. There are like 100 Hasidic dynasties, and a few non-dynastic Hasidic branches!
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  219. Vere enteresteng videe, pleese keep et ep.
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  220. There are only 9 million Israelis and English isn't their first language. Considering that the US only makes up 4 times as many viewers, it's still fair to say that Israel is punching way above its weight in viewership. All that aside, welcome to the channel!
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  221. @Jagd Töpfer  I’m talking about the State, not the occupation, which is a symptom of the problem. We never moved past the independence movement. “Civic religion” is a metaphor for an identity rooted in fundamental political values rather than opposition to outside enemies or fealty to individual leaders, which you can see developed in Britain in the 17th century and France in the 19th, for example.
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  222. My hypothesis: I suspect that the system of government may play a role here. You were onto something saying that certain countries are more well-positioned to elevate the very best athlete in each field, but they aren't less affluent countries; they're dictatorships. Countries that are more authoritarian prioritize athletic competitions that showcase what we may loosely call objective metrics of strength, speed, etc., at the expense of competitions that value creative and innovative team strategies. Therefore, I think we need to compare on two axes: medal distribution in democratic vs. authoritarian counrries and in team vs. individual sports.
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  223. I got news for you– from Tudela to the mouth of the Shatt al-Arab is about the same distance as across the continental US. That's all.
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  224. Estimates vary wildly, but based on figures a century later that are relevant to the next episode, about 1 in 5 of Jews were in Europe in the 12th century, split about evenly between Spain, Italy, the Balkans, and the rest of the continent (for which read France, the HRE, and England). From this we can assume that the First Crusade tipped the population balance slightly more towards Europe, but it wasn't until the 17th century when the majority of Jews were living in Europe, in part due to the Little Ice Age desertifying Asia and Africa as well as a multi-century baby boom in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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  225. My SRA friends were very excited about this episode.
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  226. Wait until we get to the Bund in Greece.
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  227. It does not benefit them politically to ask questions like adults. Grievance and resentment is the entire GOP identity, even if they're winning.
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  228. There was precedent for it. In the early days of the empire, only Jews were allowed to own printing presses in order to protect the jobs of scribes. You can learn more from Al-Muqaddimah's video here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PwdYmT5U9c
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  229.  @jakehix8132  The Hays Code had nothing to do with the Red Scare and everything to do with socially-conservative Catholics organizing to apply severe industry pressure in the 1930s.
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  230. For a good while after the Almohads, Christian Spain was actually the engine of Jewish thought. While it is true that Muslim countries were somewhat more likely to allow religious toleration, there was no shortage of exceptions on both sides. The simplified narrative of "Muslim Spain good, Christian Spain bad" seems to date back to the 19th century, when Spanish Liberals in support of Queen Isabel II began extolling the virtues of the Sephardic Golden Age as a rejoinder to the ultra-conservative Carlists. Suffice it to say that for a good few centuries, Christian Spain had inherited Muslim Spain's legacy of toleration before gradually abandoning it due to complicated European power politics.
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  231.  @elmajraz6019  Judaism doesn’t teach inerrancy as most forms of Christianity and Islam do.
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  232. "The Age of Aronow | Dorktown"
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  233. Cod. Plus, my usual place (Joseph & Sons at Rabin Square) is not kosher and thus offers cod or catfish.
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  234.  @מ.מ-ה9ד  I'm going to look deeper into this ASAP. The birth of the kibbutz will feature shortly, though I will note that the attribution of the kibbutz as a product of the Captive Sons of Zion was not my own conclusion, and that all my research thus far on the Second Aliyah has drawn a hard line between the kvutza and the efforts of Bilu in the First Aliyah.
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  235. For some reason this video has blown up recently and I want to address some misunderstandings I see in the comments. Though I intended for this video to be enjoyable and informative on its own, it's also the finale of a nine-part series about Jewish perspectives on the First World War. Out of that series, this is the third episode in which the ANZACs play a major role and the only episode in which I discuss the Americans in significant detail. So if you're interested in more like this, do check out the rest of the playlist here: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSmG0ySpQbe7Byz_-X8VkI4teeeZ4PkCV&si=2n64fWX1LIugZ_vc And no, this is not evidence of a Putin-style Victory Cult that some weirdos in the rest of the Anglosphere seem to assume exists in the US. We are taught about the Allies of both world wars in great detail and that is nothing new. The hardcore American chauvinism you sometimes encounter is mostly the result of an ultranationalist counter-elite that considers itself to be at war against public education.
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  236. Hebrew also has a uvular, but it's a trill, and it came from Iraqi Judeo-Arabic rather than Central Europe.
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  237.  @TavorTur  Patreon.
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  238. @Bob McBob  An American and an Israeli! Two former imperial subjects that became republics! But both countries are now friends with the UK (thanks respectively to Ramsay MacDonald and Harold Wilson) and it's simply a matter of respect.
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  239. Project Homecoming 2: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjnwpaclU4wV5RHTFL8xWYALVIf2hFoUu NOTES/CORRECTIONS: 1. Helen Rosenbaum wasn't Jewish; Moritz Rosenbaum's second wife Minna was, though they weren't yet married at this time.
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  240. Interesting parallels to the Zealot Temple Siege in the First Jewish-Roman War, except without the Romans.
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  241. Here's my take on it: Napoleon's rule was not necessarily a comprehensive victory for liberalism– he was an absolute dictator who re-enslaved the Caribbean colonies and took away property rights for women. Furthermore, his defeat was inevitable, and failing that he was going to die of cancer soon anyway. But he was really important for spreading the general concepts of civil rights, where previously it had been limited to a handful of wealthy, educated commoners, and that ended up being much more important than anything on the battlefield. Think of it like the American Revolution: it was not good for everyone, but it created an environment for ideas that could transcend the limitations of the humans who set it up.
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  242. That last part is fascinating.
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  243. I recently saw that your trains look like your coat of arms and this pleased me greatly.
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  244. It didn’t come up in any of my research.
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  245. The great irony of the First World War is that it went on much longer than anyone imagined, then ended way faster than anyone planned for.
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  246. Well, as I've covered in previous videos, and will cover in future ones, persecution was not exclusive to Christian domination. The Almohads had driven the Jews into the Christian north by demanding conversion or death; and during the events of this video, many of the same persecutions that had led to the Spanish events were taking place under Mamluk rule in Egypt and Greater Syria. Likewise, there was nothing like these kinds of persecutions going on in Christian Poland. Transport, especially for passengers, was relatively rare and expensive compared to today, and nobody knew how these events would shake out any more than we can plan for the outcomes of events today.
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  247. Good thing he changed it, because I'll never have to worry about getting it wrong again.
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  248. "Good vibes only" ...and that's when I hit the like button.
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  249. Exactly. This is why the border was drawn so funny– Britain needed Jordan to build a pipeline between Kirkuk and Haifa, which ultimately made the latter one of the most important cities in the Empire during WWII (and boring as hell today).
    29
  250. Any accounts of Trumpeldor's last words are iffy at best. Very similar to Pancho Villa around the same time.
    29
  251. Pope Fights X: Now with Nazis Pope Fights XI: Lorne Michaels vs. Sinead O’Connor Pope Fights XII: Rod Dreher complains about Francis
    29
  252.  @MLaserHistory  The camel opened a lot of doors in West Africa.
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  253. Oh, very much so. It's called the Northern Cities Shift, and it shares qualities with St. Louis, Upstate New York, and other places on or near the Great Lakes. My hometown of Pasadena, CA actually has something closer to a Chicago accent than to the rest of California. Look up clips of Brian Doyle Murray, Joan Cusack, Gene Siskel, Bonnie Hunt for reference.
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  254. It's about equal to the European quotient of Sephardic Jews, is mostly Italian, and dates back to around the 1st century. Can't imagine why...
    29
  255. In fairness, the former is what I usually do and grew up doing. You just can't really do that with soup.
    29
  256. But all Jews would have had a "gentile name," usually just a translation of their Hebrew name; so Yohanan would be Juan, Hana would be Gracia, and so forth. That's what mystifies me. Most common Spanish-language names of the time would have been of Hebrew origin.
    29
  257. Australia will become important soon. Not a special yet, but certainly a place of significance in Jewish history.
    29
  258.  @sirloinofice  Israel was a developing country until 2010, and as an information-based economy, there has always been a tremendous fear of "brain drain." Europe is a different story– just visit Berlin– but Israeli culture projects a laughably rosy, almost gold rush-esque image of the US that might drive people there in large numbers.
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  259.  @tensemurm5924 The English Civil War happened after the founding of Massachusetts. It’s very frustrating every time I see British commenters equate the US with Puritanism as if that never happened there (and implicitly conflating the very northern 17th century Puritans with the mostly Southern, 20th century Fundamentalist movement when the two cultures are directly opposed).
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  260. 19th century military honor culture is wild. I think it arose out of a desire to imitate the Romans.
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  261. You wouldn't want the US to be entirely debt-free though, as that would also dry up the government's credit. Budget surpluses (which are problematic in their own way, but that's a different conversation) would have created an incentive to offer more Treasury bonds.
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  262. You wouldn't have heard about this in the mainstream, Hank, but the switch to permanent DST is actually problematic for observant Jews, since men are required to pray at sunrise, and if we're observing DST in the winter months, this could wreak havoc with commute and work schedules. It's not the biggest thing in the world, but I thought it was interesting.
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  263. Yes. I can't speak for the Palestinian Authority, but in Israel and Lebanon these laws are still in place: civil marriage and divorce don't exist and religious authorities use this to jerk the public around. Obviously this makes gay and interfaith marriage impossible, but even for straight couples of the same religion the process is so onerous that it's common practice to elope in Cyprus and then have a fake ceremony back home.
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  264. Yes, Charlemagne would actually have been very offended by his popular depiction, as long hair was associated with paganism.
    28
  265. When you play the game of kitot, you win or you die.
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  266. I got a surprise for y'all: 53% of my audience is not Jewish.
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  267. I like where your head is, but I'm not worrying about it. There are other history channels that are just the content creator's name.
    28
  268. Come to think of it, the ANZACs are going to be all over the next series of videos.
    28
  269. Well now you have. Because it is. Except on Saturdays.
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  270.  @BS-vx8dg Nowhere. I’m a private citizen.
    27
  271. I don't like to talk about the future of this channel because my scripts are constantly evolving...but I'm an Aronow, of course I'm covering the Beardlings.
    27
  272. It's an evolving process. I won't say more because I don't want to create expectations.
    27
  273. Bukharan religious law is in line with the Sephardic jurisprudence but the minhag remains distinct.
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  274. There were a lot of uncle-niece marriages in the Habsburg line, especially in Spain.
    27
  275. UPDATE: As of 13:00 EDT on 5 October, one of you has guessed correctly.
    27
  276.  @DavidRGD  It was already immensely popular before the war. In 1935 there was an all-star tour including Babe Ruth in anticipation of launching the JBL.
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  277. Because eventually we'll reach the period where that was actually used and it would have been too confusing to explain "okay, I've been doing this before, but now it's an actual thing."
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  278. 1. The Gospel of Thomas gives contextual clues that aren't in the other gospels. And obviously I can't cite the Q source since we don't have it. 2. Gamliel and the House of Hillel were notable for their toleration of Christians. Gamliel is on record as having voted to acquit all of Jesus disciples in Acts. 3. You are right. I meant to say "disciples," but at that point it was too late. 4. Paul's affiliation is somewhat ambiguous, but he is referred to repeatedly as a Zealot (this get kinda confusing because the Pharisees by this point are no longer a single party, having fragmented into the houses of Hillel and Shammai and the Zealots). As for Paul's age, it is notable that he only joined the Christians the year after Jesus' crucifixion.
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  279. Something important I'd dissent from is the characterization in Conservative Judaism of Jewish law as being binding. It's actually much more similar to Reform, and can be considered an offshoot thereof. Ironically considering your caveat at the beginning of the video, the difference between Conservative and Orthodox largely stems around belief. The value Conservative Judaism places on Jewish law is symbolic rather than material. As I said in my video on the Hamburg Temple Disputes, "the traditional belief in a coming messiah was wholly irrational, and had no bearing on the reality of Jewish life…but so what? It’s religion! It’s allowed to be irrational!"
    27
  280. It was kind of a museum early on, too. As I said in the video, Rhode Island’s Jewish community was always quite small and most left the country in 1783 due to their opposition to US independence.
    26
  281. There's a Ramesses-Era fortress a mile from my house. It was called Gath Rimmon and there was an archeological dig in the '90s, but there's not much to look at today unless you want to go spelunking in a giant well.
    26
  282. It's probably not that complicated. Much like in Egypt, there was a tendency to merge gods into a smaller pantheon, like with Amun-Ra. יהוה was likely the local god of Judah who was merged into El.
    26
  283.  @jaimeromano9104 Don’t you dare compare Bernie Sanders to Noam Chomsky.
    26
  284. I draw them myself. And the Constantinople one was never actually finished– I only drew exactly what needed to appear on camera due to an absence of high-detail guides to the ancient city.
    26
  285. Note: Yugoslavia became communist on its own, as it was the Communists who spearheaded the partisan movement, and aside from some border areas, there was no Soviet troop presence there.
    26
  286. Eventually in 1911, they made it so that the Lords effectively couldn't veto any bill except an emergency motion to postpone an election (to prevent a dictatorship from taking over). You can't do this in the US because it actually has a constitution.
    26
  287.  @julystargaryen9452  Yiddish still has an alveolar trill.
    26
  288. I wish more people had heeded it towards the end of his life.
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  289. That's surprising as I often come across Yekke fathers and sons who share the same name, especially around the late 19th/early 20th century period I'm currently covering.
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  290. The Wilsonian boundaries around Turkey aren't so bad, genuinely intending to reflect the ethnic makeup of the region, but with the Arabs, the attempt to impose a European-style national order was always kind of iffy: the Levant and Iraq were basically a collection of city-states, and Arabia proper was defined by nomadic tribes (let's leave aside North Africa which actually does have strong national identities owing to base cultures that predate the Arab influence); the linguistic ties used to form European nations was not anymore applicable than if the US, Canada, and all the English-speaking nations of the Caribbean were made one country. It was politically necessary to fight the Ottomans, but hopelessly naive as a functional postwar order.
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  291. Wow, thanks! I don't know what else to say except to look forward to Egypt becoming more relevant over the next couple episodes.
    25
  292. Heads-up: there's quite a lot of doubt that any Khazars converted to Judaism. The origin of this belief is most likely just a Spanish polemic about Jewish history framed as a series of letters. If anyone in the Khazar power structure was Jewish, it was likely only the Khagan Bek, or the military commander; and they had been assimilated into neighboring Muslim Tatars by the year 1000. And they'd never reached Central Europe.
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  293.  @CogitoEdu  I have learned the hard way to type backwards for all my videos. :)
    25
  294. Just as long as we avoid the people who consider Canada to be a "European country" because they think it's more different from the US than it actually is.
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  295. The Last Samurai to me represents the dark side of overcompensating for Americentrism. There's a troubling pattern of well-intentioned American liberals to misinterpret far-right ultranationalist tropes as benign expressions of "cultural authenticity," especially in Japan, India, and Mexico. We can at least take heart that that's far less common in media now than it was 20 years ago.
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  296. Consider this: Hagiz was in Italy at the same time the Salem Witch Trials were happening.
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  297. It's shorthand for a bad-faith argument against the historical Jesus' existence based on a lack of contemporary documents. It's an argument which applies modern standards of data and willfully ignores of the cultural and political context of the time. Stripping away the later metaphysics and lore, Jesus fits in perfectly with what was going on at that place and time, and was hardly the only messianic claimant of that century. Ironically, this is something that many Christians willfully ignore for the same reasons. See also: Shakespeare truthers.
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  298. Most of what he speaks in his movies is Hebrew.
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  299. OTOH Ben-Zvi was from Poltava and Gordon was from Troyanov.
    25
  300. Fun fact: the last Dodgers-Red Sox World Series was during World War I.
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  301. You might understand this. I just wrote most of the script for a coming episode. I won't spoil it for you, but it begins with this question: "How did a country with no Jews during the Sephardic Golden Age become home to nearly half the world’s Jews by 1770?"
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  302. My first choice is contemporary images, specifically sculpture. For the Romans that's easy, but for this unit Josephus is the only Jew who has one. For the rest I use historical figures, actors, and friends and modify their clothes.
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  303. But how do small landlords do that? I'm not denying the possibility that they have a role, but I also can't picture a mechanism by which they could limit the housing supply themselves.
    24
  304. tempodude Thank you for saying that! Truthfully, OSP was my first window into this kinda thing (for reasons worthy of their own video), but I’ve been working to expand my reference pools and find my own style since. I think the coming history videos will reflect that, as these first five were all written in a single go long before I started releasing them.
    24
  305. I have slightly different plans for Independence Day. Perhaps on a different channel...
    24
  306. It's a very famous story from the Babylonian Talmud (Shabbat 31a).
    24
  307. Non-Jews would simply be outnumbered. The total population of Palestine around this time was just over half a million, of whom 10% were Jews, and the Jewish population worldwide was nine million. In Altneuland, Herzl predicts the non-Jewish population of Arabs, Greeks, and Armenians being huge, maybe 40%. We should also be careful with our understanding of the word "Palestinian" at this time. It is a term of regionality/nationality rather than ethnicity, and until 1948 that encompassed the entire population including the Yishuv.
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  308. ​ @MaryamMaqdisi  Although the Zionists were rather inept in their approach to Jewish-Arab collaboration, there was a genuine shift toward pluralism in Arab politics due to economic shifts and Plumer's democratization of local politics that led to the Nashashibi clan winning public favor over the Husseinis. Amin al-Husseini's effort to regain popularity will be covered extensively in the next video.
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  309. Hi Ryan! Thanks for featuring in tonight's video on my channel! Sorry your audio got all weird– it didn't sound like that until it was uploaded to YouTube, but lots of people have commented their appreciation for the collaboration.
    24
  310. Surely if the Russian Empire no longer exists, its laws of succession no longer exist.
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  311. Funny, I always imagined you looking like Vlad the Impaler.
    23
  312. You're correct. The government-in-exile began formulating its postwar purge as early as 1942.
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  313. Jan Sanono Yes. But I’m guessing TimeGhost uses Adobe Illustrator, which currently doesn’t understand that. It’s a real pain in the ass (voice of experience).
    23
  314. Judea wasn't really big or powerful enough to get a distinct military look. They would have resembled the army of whomever was the dominant power in the region at the time.
    23
  315. It's on my Amazon list.
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  316. Well the dropping of ayin was already standard in some dialects of Sephardic Hebrew by this time. But the other stuff is just normal change that happens in all languages. H is also unpronounced in...every Romance language?
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  317. Funnily enough, he was never officially governor. I think his official title always remained something akin to "Tiberias county tax collector."
    23
  318. David Grün Hebraized his name to Ben Gurion as an homage to Joseph.
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  319. "They'd go on and on about all of the inaccuracies and silliness...then in a low voice admit that watching the movie was why they became fighter pilots in the first place." Oh, so it really is just like Raiders of the Lost Ark.
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  320. It is simply the standard, same as Spanish classes in Los Angeles don't teach the local dialect of Spanish (Caló).
    23
  321. YORKSHIRE! YORKSHIRE! YORKSHIRE!
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  322. Spoiler alert for the next several episodes.
    23
  323.  @rontubman6953  Literal or metaphorical?
    23
  324. I'm (allegedly) working on a miniseries based on a novel that was a Jewish critique of Daniel Deronda.
    23
  325. Yes. And there's more to say about that as well.
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  326. That's true, but equally the Spectator in this case wasn't criticizing the Church; it was criticizing Austria and France for keeping an archaic totalitarian state on life support for their own domestic political purposes. Compare with the Know-Nothings, who routinely used Papal treatment of Jews to justify violence against Irish-Americans.
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  327. He claimed in his own writing to have been born in 1138. Later authorities misdated his birth and for some reason it stuck. I gotta say, it’s nice to have someone whose actual notes have survived.
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  328. This was actually a reference to Jon Bois' "The Bob Emergency." The origin of this is at 19:45 but the whole thing is worth a watch from start to finish. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lvh6NLqKRfs
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  329. It's very well-known in the Jewish community– unlike quite a lot of the other things I cover. The holiday of Lag BaOmer has even been retrofitted to commemorate the war (though it probably began later as a memorial for Simon Bar Yochai). By comparison, I didn't find any edutainment videos besides my own on the Kitos War. As to the whitewashing of Hadrian's legacy, I'll have more to say about that in the Corrections/Fun Facts video next month.
    23
  330. In this video I said I'm planning do do some other things. Well, one of them will be a collaboration with fellow YouTuber SeekersOfUnity on my other channel, Israil! youtube.com/channel/UCduRtLDZdWalOh795ag2cFQ
    23
  331. That's a deer; elk are only from North America and East Asia. Personally, I would've gone for the housecat.
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  332. Arabia will be next...
    22
  333. The Achaean League still existed ceremonially.
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  334. Really? But it's so important, and Americans (at least who took AP classes like me) had to study all the minutiae of 19th century US politics, from nullification to bimetallism!
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  335. I have been surprised, in my conversations while researching for this video, to find that he is not very well-remembered today. I can't decide whether this is primarily due to the desire to forget him or the ever-frustrating Tanakh-Palmach history curriculum.
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  336. Back when I was in school in California, we didn't learn about local nations and tribes (this has changed), so we basically studied the four most stereotypical cultures that everyone had heard of, and the Kwakiutl were always my favorite for the artwork, northwestern landscape, and delicious salmon. I think northwestern peoples were having a big moment of cultural relevance in the 1990s due to the popularity of Northern Exposure, which prominently featured Tlingit and Haida characters. Tangent: it was also the first time most Americans had ever seen First Nations people depicted in a non-historic setting. I think seeing them in a modern context, still maintaining a thriving tradition but not being singularly defined by it, had a big impact on American culture that's too often overlooked.
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  337. Welcome home, Seth, and thank you and everyone in the crew for your hard work on and off the show.
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  338. I don't know, but synagogues from the later Roman period are full of anthropomorphic art. One in the Jezreel Valley even has an intact mosaic floor showing the zodiac. As with most things, I suspect it depended on your rabbi.
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  339. But that'll only get you so far, as we'll soon see.
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  340. Oh, not even close. But I don't like to discuss future videos if they haven't been uploaded yet.
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  341. Yes.
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  342. Fox-tossing gradually lost popularity in favor of fish-slapping.
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  343. No. He continued to argue that Zionism and Communism were both expressions of the same racial impulse and that by facilitating one you could prevent the other. Ironically he also thought Britain had done its job with the Balfour Declaration and should withdraw from Palestine ASAP.
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  344. It's weird that he put a proto-fascist antagonist in his own utopian fantasy, right?
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  345. 1. Israeli cuisine very deliberately embraces local and Sephardic cuisine as part of the Zionist ideal of rejecting European influence and using the native resources of the land. The vast majority of Ashkenazi food is entirely foreign to Israelis just as Yiddish is, and I don't see why it shouldn't be so. 2. Cayenne pepper in matzo balls is just a me thing.
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  346. That's the only way I've ever heard it. And that's how it is in Hebrew– HaGalil. It's an archaic word for "region" and comes from the Book of Isaiah– "Glil HaGoyim," named for the Assyrian settlers who came there after their conquest of Israel.
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  347. Oh, I know. I'm from Pasadena, where the Armenians of Lebanon resettled after the war.
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  348.  @weevilstevil9901  Edmund Barton. I didn't even have to look it up. Unfortunately I only remember because he was cited as a counterpoint to George Washington for how irrelevant/forgotten he is. Not that that's necessarily wrong: like I said, Australia was a state well before it was truly a nation, and its nationhood is very much a product of the World Wars which were after his time. Additionally, the US President isn't a fair comparison because he's also the ceremonial figurehead, and Washington has even more significance as Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army and was basically drafted to be President based on that. A prime minister is just one of many dispensable public servants, which I actually prefer.
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  349. It's not a settled issue and probably never will be, but multiple of my sources suggested it in a a way I found convincing. Certainly there has been open discussion of his sexuality for at least a century, and by actual academics, not Tumblr.
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  350. I'm always surprised when you're not as round as your avatar.
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  351. It's not an antisemitism, it's just a desire to exist in both spheres with ease. Israelis, for example, do not have two names and in fact mostly seem unaware of the practice.
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  352. Yes, Hanafi! Founded by Abu Hanifa, cellmate of Anan ben David!
    21
  353. There will be a major on-location video released in March.
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  354. Did they perchance live in Bălți?
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  355. I am indeed secular, though I attended a Reform synagogue from ages 7-13 and of all the religious streams I find myself most sympathetic to the Conservative and Reconstructionist philosophies. And the Great War is coming very soon.
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  356. Jews under Faisal: "It was much better than you probably heard!" Jews under Atatürk: "It was much worse than you probably heard!"
    21
  357. 7:29 I'M IN THE AD
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  358. I got an NYT subscription for one day, looked in their archives, and immediately canceled. It was surprisingly cheap, so I'll probably use that tactic again.
    21
  359. Surprisingly, Ahad HaAm was a Classical Liberal, which put him at odds with the vast majority of Zionists at this time. However, he sided firmly with the socialists in opposition to the pure Political Zionism of fellow liberal Theodor Herzl, of which there will be much to say in the future.
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  360. I don't think that's necessary. I do not meet such people on their own terms; they are not arguing in good faith. "Antisemitism" was actually coined in the 1870s to make Jew hatred sound more respectable and scientific.
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  361.  @VSP4591  The Hasmonean Dynasty was still extremely Hellenistic in character, taking Greek regnal names, fighting in the Greek style, and often appealing to Greek allies as their fellows. Religious leadership was always deliberative and heterodox and the high priest by this time was basically a figurehead. Their invocations against theatre were not dictates.
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  362. Cochin = red and gold Sephardic = blue and white
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  363. Democratic governance of the Party, not of the state. Which is actually pretty normal around the world. He wouldn’t reject public democracy until losing the 1917 election.
    20
  364. I'm so tempted to respond to this with the actual titles but I'd rather not give up the game.
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  365. And to top it all off: Judah P. Benjamin was an immigrant.
    20
  366. Thank you! Sarna was a real pioneer; he himself states that the study of American Jewish history prior to the Open Door Policy was seen as something of a joke until very recently.
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  367. I filmed this before any of that.
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  368. The latter.
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  369. Thank you so much! I have Hebrew subtitles for all of these, you know.
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  370. Next week.
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  371. The short answer is no, and that will be explored in much greater detail soon.
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  372. I was surprised too, but my research for a future video indeed revealed that this was already the case by 1787.
    20
  373. Thank Omniatlas! He fully drew most of the maps in this video.
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  374. Both have PIE origins, but "seax" comes from "sek" (to cut), whereas "sica" comes from the proto-Albanian "tzika," which coms from the PIE "key" (to sharpen).
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  375. 1. During the Persian era, Jews were allowed to live wherever they wanted. Most lived in Old Judea, but many remained in Babylon, others moved to Egypt, and others resettled in the Galilee, which is why many villages there are named after cities in the south (Bethlehem, Jaffa, Beersheba). The Samaritans had become much reduced in number since the Assyrian conquests two centuries earlier, and many of them had joined and assimilated into the Jews since then, with the rest living in the northern mountains between the Galilee and Old Judea. As a result, the Galilee throughout the Second Temple Period was majority-Jewish. 2. The Hasmonean Kingdom was a Jewish kingdom centered in the region of Judea (Old Judea). Jews, Judaism, and Judea [Yehudim, Yahadut, and Yehuda] all come from the same root. Israel was the Northern Kingdom and its descendants were the Samaritans. The better question is why the modern State of Israel is called that, and that's because Old Judea was mostly allocated to the proposed Arab State in the 1947 UN partition plan.
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  376.  @henrynarkiewicz8778  Israeli civilians are barred from visiting areas under PA authority since the mid-2000s, unless they have special permission as journalists or members of charitable organizations.
    20
  377. The Gaon hated Hasidism.
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  378. Yes he is.
    19
  379. It's in the episode after this one.
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  380. I don't know. But you'll soon see that having a gun and knowing how to use it wasn't enough.
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  381. You just wait until my special on Friday...
    19
  382. Yes. There's a weird preponderance of fathers of more famous sons in the Beilis case. Ivan Sikorsky was the father of Igor Sikorsky and Alexander Glagolev was the father of Alexei Glagolev.
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  383. Truthfully, this particular era of Jewish-American history is pretty minor even by the standards of Jewish history; it just had a lot of consequences further down the timeline.
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  384. Thank you. This will come up in more detail later.
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  385. That's a very Americentric or at least Anglocentric conception. While it's true that Ethiopian Jews have certainly had their unique challenges here, Israel doesn't really have the same concept of race because race is fundamentally a political construct, and Israel doesn't have the same history as the Americas or Western Europe that produced a comparable mindset.
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  386. I don't know whether or not Tim & Co. realize that many (most?) of the audience here are Democrats who prefer a more measured alternative to Democrat-oriented media that is very breathless and treats every miniscule development of every hour as the biggest story ever (not naming names).
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  387. Closer than Icelandic and German but further than Icelandic and Norwegian. Aramaic and Hebrew are both Northwest Semitic languages, but Hebrew is a Canaanite language and Aramaic isn't. So they're first cousins, not siblings.
    19
  388. Oh, we're not done with the Age of Nationalism yet. True, most western-style education stops with Germany and Italy, but we've still got three more countries to deal with...
    19
  389.  @מ.מ-ה9ד  Well this is more complicated because Buddhism in itself does not require a belief in other gods; the Buddha himself isn't a god, and inasmuch as buddhist teachings reference other gods it's only as a rhetorical point of comparison.
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  390. Yeah, you're not. I was sharing it with my voice actors in advance before going public.
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  391. It was a modern appellation by 19th century historians and archaeologists.
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  392. I wonder if that's something he's cultivated.
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  393. They’ve had this problem for centuries. In imperial times, Jewish children were sent to the army to be tortured into converting to Orthodoxy; later it was simply encouraged for their fellow soldiers to murder them. This led to a fair amount of mass desertions in the Russo-Japanese War; one of many, many factors in the Japanese victory.
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  394. It's also kinda the last step. Who is it lately who says "all conspiracy theories end in antisemitism?" Unless of course you're Israeli, in which case you've never experienced being a minority and thus never learned to read the dogwhistles. Which may be a healthy thing for a society in the long run, but it's very frustrating right now.
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  395. Thanks! But the videos have been too long lately. Great for the viewers, terrible for my mental and physical health.
    19
  396. I'm under 40.
    19
  397.  @seanwilliam2856  HOOK IT TO MY VEINS
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  398. Three years was the total length of operations after the fall of Jerusalem, including the campaign against Judah Ben-Ari.
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  399. You could even point out a precedent with Maimonides, Nahmanides, Suleiman the Magnificent, and Daher Omar. It would seem that as soon as the First Crusade rendered the Holy Land almost entirely free of Jews, it took on a much more important place in Jewish society.
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  400. TikTokers and conspiracy theories.
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  401. As of this morning, much better. I expect to be fine by Monday or so.
    18
  402. It's difficult to research because the Austrian Empire doesn't exist anymore, while Britain and the US still exist as continuous institutions with roughly the same borders as they did in the 1890s. They speak the same language as me and have Jewish institutions that have kept track of those numbers. But I'll try to look into it.
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  403. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mitteleuropa_zur_Zeit_der_Staufer.svg
    18
  404. This flag was never actually used except by some individuals in the 1930s. Its origin is unclear but seems to be based on one of the many design proposals made by Herbert Samuel around this time.
    18
  405. I'd say overall that it'll be a mixture; giving overviews of certain places and time periods while also focusing in on specific figures therein.
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  406. The 1929 pogroms were Husseini's reaction to Binationalism gaining traction among the Arab political class.
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  407. This is why it's so important to talk to your Old Glory representative about getting coverage for robot attacks.
    18
  408. All major edot will get plenty of coverage very soon. The Sfaradim are next time and we'll return to the Ashkenazim after that.
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  409. No, it's more expensive than most of the US (which is also part of the OECD). It's just that the parts of the US that are cheaper aren't places that Israelis would want to live. And Tel Aviv is definitely cheaper than London or Paris.
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  410. Ah, like the constant misspellings in scam emails!
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  411. I think you'll find that Bar Kochba looks more like Billy Lee. ;)
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  412. Doing this job has trained me to view everyone as if they're alive. We'll get to Ben-Gurion soon, but rest assured I don't have a terribly high opinion of his bridge-burning megalomania.
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  413. One gets the impression that King and Crane were abusing the data to tell Wilson what they thought he wanted to hear, but maybe I'll save that for the recap video.
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  414. Listen, I know my face can be a bit r– oh, there's an actual rat!
    18
  415. Primarily for religious reasons and/or to seize Jewish assets (property and cash) in order to collect money for the government without having to raise taxes.
    18
  416. That was a development of the 14th century; Jews were still allowed to settle in Mamluk lands, but economic decline and increased discrimination/violence made it unappealing. I'll be sure to come back to this when we get to the Ottoman conquest.
    18
  417. Sure, I'll tune in. My mom is ashamed of me for it.
    18
  418. Fixed!
    18
  419. The genocide against Jews in the Holy Land during the First Crusade had so few survivors that it's difficult to get anything more than a rough estimate (50,000 based on those estimated to live in Palestine before and after the war, but even that necessarily includes those who fled to Egypt). The expulsion from Spain actually had very few deaths but is considered an act of cultural genocide as it effectively erased 1/5 of the world's Jewish population at that time and spurred a massive refugee crisis across the region (200,000 converted, with the other 200,000 fleeing).
    18
  420. Even after our recent video, I remain stymied by friends who think Old Egyptian is a Semitic language.
    18
  421. Next Yishuv episode.
    18
  422. Ultimately, the Orangists ended up with something of a Maximilian scenario: William III was a student of de Witt and was way more liberal than they would have liked– an attitude he brought with him to England with the Act of Toleration 1689. But since the main goal of the Orangists was to restore the House of Orange, their more conservative policy goals became fringe and irrelevant and the country continued on much as it had before.
    18
  423. So both the Young Turks (CUP) and Young Turks (media) got their name from the generic term "Young Turks" inspired by Sultan Selim III, who came to power at the same time as the first French Revolution and whose attempts at modernization made him a popular figure in Revolutionary France. This phrase then came over to America and weirdly persisted after WWI (possibly because the US specifically avoided ever declaring war on the Ottomans).
    17
  424. 1. I knew someone would ask this, and I will address it next week in the recap video. 2. The lands shown as being held by the Jews just uses the combined provincial borders of Palestina I and Palestina II as they existed at the time.
    17
  425. I mean, most of the feces is in just two neighborhoods and so it's always been. SF is definitely way less janky than it was last year. The real issue is vacancy in non-mixed heavy commercial zones due to the plummet in demand for office space. That's making the Financial District way less busy and hurting retail. The thing to do is to start converting office blocks into apartments, but that doesn't get as many clicks as "The cost of living is too high because California is a literal Communist dictatorship where the Jews your kids gay and people are fleeing to Texas and California in the millions just like Venezuela." The real trouble is in Los Angeles, where homeless people keep OD'ing and dying on the trains so the blue, red, and purple (but not gold or green) lines are constantly full of garbage and smell of corpses. I myself was stalked by a crackhead on the way to the Dodger game. There's always been a bit of that; I remember from my teenage years; but you can tell it's worse than 20 years ago because they've had to replace the seat moquettes with easily-washable plastic. Much as with Cal State tuition, the Reagan governorship continues to pay dividends.
    17
  426. Yeah, the degree of high-level government complicity in the pogroms was consistently overstated until more information became available after the Cold War. Even I’ve fallen prey to that in my video on the May Laws. Of course, the government of the time consistently put out the line that it was justified, but they’d certainly have preferred not to lose the state monopoly on violence. That changes, of course, when the form of government changes from absolute monarchy to a system with political parties…
    17
  427. Well, that's because it wasn't a civil war in the conventional sense, but a regional war of independence that failed. And just as in the World Wars, American industry was almost entirely far, far away from the battlefield and thus undamaged by the war. I did talk about this a bit in my video "Minhag America (1789-1885)."
    17
  428. I’m chiming in because I recently mentioned Ayn Rand in a video: she came of age in the early USSR and was kicked out of Leningrad university because her father had owned a small business before the revolution. He wasn’t some big-timer; such people didn’t exist in the Russian Empire outside of government-connected oligarchs. Her entire ideology is just a Soviet strawman of western decadence. Zero irony.
    17
  429. No, there is too much. I'll almost certainly be covering the evolution of the larger parties over the course of my regular videos though.
    17
  430. And Daher Omar before him.
    17
  431.  @gyllenspetzfamily7993  Difficult to do in a country where 87% of the population is rural and Jews were almost entirely banned from living in rural areas; also a country with internal passport checks.
    17
  432. Thank you so much! And Shana Tova
    17
  433. Catalina flying boats are from the Second World War; you might be thinking of Anders' Army.
    17
  434. I don't like to talk about the endgame for this video, but I may dig deeper into Jewish theology when another channel and I collaborate to talk about Judaism's presence in the rise of Islam.
    17
  435. There still is. I've been caught in the snow in Jerusalem.
    17
  436. Yes.
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  437. So he was a Zionist, and Assimilationist, and a Bundist all at the same time!?
    17
  438. Yeah, but he ended up being very right about one specific thing after he was kicked out. And the people who had taken over knew he was right, but they gave up on trying to do anything about it.
    17
  439. Crisis of the Third Century: "Hold My Beer."
    17
  440. 2024 Viewer Survey https://forms.gle/Lm22oDgbR7ohfjrA7
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  441. Berlin, Istanbul, Lisbon, London, Paris, Thessaloniki, Vienna, Alexandria, Jerusalem, Melbourne, New York, Tel Aviv, Washington.
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  442. https://www.reddit.com/r/samaronow
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  443. You'd probably have to be an American Jew to understand. It is a popular trope in US politics today to claim that the Zionist movement was established by American evangelicals in the early 19th century, as they coincidentally came to hold beliefs similar to the Fifth Monarchists. Because the Evangelical right in the US is much larger than the American Jewish community now, and has come to dominate the narrative regarding our alliance (or did, many are quite angry at us for "betraying" Bibi), it has become convenient for certain US critics of Israel to blame them for Israel's creation in a laughably failed attempt to convince American Jews, who are overwhelmingly left-leaning and also overwhelmingly pro-Israel, that they are "the real victims of Zionism."
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  444. Islam was called "The Turkish Church."
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  445. That varies more by country than you'd think. I know for a fact that younger people in Israel and Canada certainly lean further right than their elders. And of course in countries that are less democratic or even democratic-but-noncompetitive (think Japan) there's an issue of depoliticization.
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  446. You are correct! I wish I'd known about him when I covered the Napoleonic Wars. Thank you.
    17
  447. We're gonna come back to that in the next episode! The short answer was that around 7,500 arrived per year, but most of the "olim" were in fact returning refugees who'd fled during the war. The quota for immigration visas was 16,500 per year, but the number of visas claimed was actually closer to 1,000 per year, which was equal to the number of Jews leaving Palestine because life there still sucked.
    17
  448. They used to be in the centers of towns, but they were shut down, sold off, and turned into restaurants, and the new stations were built on the outskirts to maximize parking space.
    17
  449. They're doing pretty well right now, as it happens. Jewish extremist violence is enjoying a renaissance among young men.
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  450. I finished 1920s Palestine so I'm doing a special. Now I'll cover the 1920s in diaspora.
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  451.  @singularkakapo  I'll have you know that (spoilers) it was the Kiwis who accepted the Ottoman surrender at Jaffa! There's a picture of it happening at the town square where I walked every day.
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  452. I explained them fairly thoroughly in "The Adventures of Benjamin of Tudela," but it was not a very popular video.
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  453. Probably not specific priesthoods, as there doesn't seem to be any actual legal distinction between the high priesthood and deputy priesthoods, that's just the system they worked out at the time. However, you'd be surprised how much information you can gather if you have at least one of a handful of surnames in your family background. https://www.jewishgen.org/rabbinic/infofiles/surnames.htm
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  454. I was more struck by the return of the Failed Artist-to-Fascist Pipeline which we first encountered with Drumont.
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  455. I try to use official names of the time as much as possible.
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  456. Disraeli was Jewish by ancestry but raised Anglican. If I included him, it would open an endless semantic debate about conversos, and even by the 18th century almost all European royalty had some Jewish ancestry through Paloma ibn Yahya.
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  457. ​ @elmajraz6019  Because Chronicles is a mess, and is kinda famous for it. In this particular case, the book of Ezra describes his mission as taking place during the reign of Artaxerxes I, half a century after the rebuilding of Jerusalem/the Temple. For this reason, critical scholars mostly agree that he was not contemporary with Nehemiah and may have been a descendant of Seraiah but could not possibly have been his son.
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  458. McMahon was trying to cover his tracks; if you look at the correspondence in chronological order, there's no reason to assume it didn't include Palestine.
    16
  459. AP courses are the same nationwide; you get university credit for it. And in fact their "US history" curriculum begins in 1607 and ends in the present day. We in 2006-07 were studying the events of 2005.
    16
  460. Yes, but not in Israel.
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  461. I never denied that. However, according to a 2015 survey by the ADL, Poland is fairly mid-tier in terms of the prevalence of antisemitic attitudes in Europe. At the top, oddly enough, is Greece. Surveys of late have also consistently shown that comfortable majorities in both Poland and Israel have generally neutral or positive attitudes toward each other, regardless the absurd statements of certain politicians in either country.
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  462. And from 1409-1414, there were three. You can see that for just a moment at 4:53.
    16
  463. When the Russian Empire ended serfdom, it was at the whims of a single man who claimed divine authority and administrators handpicked by him. When the United States ended slavery, it had a constitution, guaranteed rights for citizens and for all persons, elections, a functioning court system, highly autonomous provincial governments, secular government, open markets, an open press, rule of law, and (based on 1870 stats) almost fourteen times Russia's GDP per capita with (even in the Gilded Age) significantly less wealth inequality.
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  464. @Kelly Groen I got the inspiration for this so long ago that I no longer remembered who I was talking about. But it was almost certainly them. I used to know a guy who called them "Neturei Karta Bet."
    16
  465. You could also say about Friedrich Hecker, the former German Revolutionary who led the 82nd IL before Salomon and was praised by Moses Hess. And Bismarck for that matter, whom will be seen again alongside Grant!
    16
  466. Hess is in fact considered the originator of Labor Zionism.
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  467. For the map, I deliberately included only areas within the Roman Empire. Otherwise Spain and France would have been shown as Orthodox and Lombard Italy as Arian.
    16
  468. Folks, it was a Jewish confirmation. It was discussed in my video on the Hamburg Temple Disputes. They have this in some Reform and Conservative synagogues even today. I had the option of confirmation after my Bar Mitzvah.
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  469. אני אזרח ישראל. אם לא גרתי פה לא יכולתי לחשוב לעשות את הסרטונים האלה!
    16
  470. That's true., but in most cases I think people get confused by the lack of Spanish surnames.
    16
  471. Thanks. I really wanted this video to be a bit of comfort food for people stuck at home during this time of year, and I'm glad it had the desired effect. Next time I'll try some different things with the camera angle in order to get closer.
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  472. In 1906, the Ottomans occupied Egyptian Taba to expand their port at Aqaba. The British counter-occupied it in response, and quickly a deal was worked out to cede what is now Eilat to the Ottomans. This established the present border.
    16
  473. There are a lot of Jewish elements/influences in Dune.
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  474. I thought about that movie a lot when working on this, because of course this was a time when all rabbis in the US were born and educated elsewhere!
    16
  475. Oh, I will. I have completed scripts for the entire Hasmonean Period and most of the Herodian Period after.
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  476. The folk tale is relevant to World War II, not the Russo-Japanese War.
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  477. Ken White called it "a love letter to corruption." Like, he pardoned people he didn't even like just because he sympathized with them for being corrupt.
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  478. I actually got a little confused with the numbers– 200,000 is the number of conversos in the Spanish Realms and Portugal, the latter of which forced almost all the Jewish refugees who fled there to submit to baptism. That they did not have the option to flee while those in Spain did made a huge difference in how the rest of the Jewish community perceived them– and how many of them ultimately returned to Judaism over the following centuries.
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  479. Yes I did, sorry. I went way too long between making recap videos, and at a certain point I had to make some sacrifices to keep this from being an hour long.
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  480. Oof, 95% of this stuff is scattered across videos I've already made, so it'd probably just be easiest to look at the lists of sources in the end credits/descriptions for those.
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  481. It used to come up on dates when I was still new to Israel and I’d bring up how much better public transit was here. They couldn’t believe it; partly out of New York bias, partly out of cultural memory from this exact period, partly out of the cynical conviction that Israel couldn’t possibly be better at something than the US other than healthcare or airport security. Weirdly the ongoing breakdown of Israeli civil society has broken a lot of that cynicism, at least in my experience.
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  482. The truth is that pre-revolutionary Russia is a subject that was largely closed off to historians, along with the necessary primary sources, due to the Cold War. They've been working their way backwards ever since, and the data from the period of this video still mostly hasn't been digitized yet. Surprisingly, the Russian invasion of Ukraine has actually accelerated the archival process as lots of people have come into the country, both to assist the war effort and to prevent the data from being lost forever. See Jarrett's recent video on archival efforts in Ukraine.
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  483. I'm not saying it. Decades' worth of genetic studies, historical demographic surveys, and well-documented health problems specific to this community (and not shared with their neighbors in Eastern Europe) say it. It's called the Founder Effect, and to an extent it can be found across the entire Jewish population, but especially Ashkenazim and especially especially Hasidim, but we're not there yet.
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  484. Well, you’ll have to, because we’re going all around the world before that.
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  485. Thank you! And I think "Kuffarlath" is actually "Kfar Ata," a village here.
    15
  486. I decided cut out the part where I explain that, in Caló, the proper greeting isn't "hola" but "[tilts head] wassup foo?"
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  487. And here I thought it was a good counterpoint to white supremacists who claim we’re a threat to America’s survival! I hope they enjoy their Queen.
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  488. And a Sikh tartan, which is purple.
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  489.  @andrewsuryali8540  Nah, Sabbateans believed in violating ritual, not morality. Though you can certainly say that they acted immorally in some of the events depicted here.
    15
  490. And Oceanside, California, formerly San Luis Rey.
    15
  491. And that was in a country where mafia connections in the casino industry are still a problem now.
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  492. And this is actually why I can't really get behind Death of the Author personally. It's a fine way of analyzing a work, but I think it's still interesting and sometimes even more thought-provoking to understand how something ended up the way it did. For example, I find it far more fascinating that Sean Penn genuinely sympathized with the manic ethos of Christopher McCandless in his adaptation of Into the Wild, because that means that what I saw as a revelatory performance of a mental ill person– which came across even more clearly to me than in the book, though it contained all the same information– was unintentional on the part of the director! How does that happen? I want to talk about it. That said, I'm always wary of judging films by their intentions, as it tends to reward lazy/pandering material that isn't terribly concerned with art or entertainment (Pureflix), or alternately work that attempts to cash in on people's morality by suggesting a point rather than having one (most of Michael Moore's filmography). Sorry, it's been too long since I've been able to have discussions about movies.
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  493. You can be a Liberal and support unions and workers' rights. We're about to have a whole big talk about the Progressive Era in the US and that's a big part of it.
    15
  494. Well, hold on to your hat, because the next video will be the finale of this run of episodes, and everything is going to converge on its two central figures.
    15
  495. I don't think he ever put out an explicit plan, but I would consider the Yarkon, Sharon, Modiin, Rishon LeZion, and Southern Coastal railways.
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  496. It's interesting how much ire is directed at Richard I for supposedly being an antisemite, especially among people who aren't Jewish, a la Pompey. Within Jewish history, Richard is actually remembered quite positively for having put down that pogrom, which started only because the Jewish community of London had attempted to pay tribute at his coronation. Richard's regent William de Longchamp did extort the Jewish community in the King's absence, but otherwise England's Jews had more social equality than in France or the Holy Roman Empire, where they were officially servants of the government from birth, possibly owing the the fact that Medieval English Jews were Francophone rather than Anglophone. The real monster is Edward Longshanks, which is great because absolutely everyone has a reason to hate him.
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  497. It's the literal Italian-to-Hebrew translation of his name: Buona Parte. I believe I got that anecdote from Zosa Szajkowski, but there are plenty of articles about it in English and French. https://forward.com/culture/319002/the-secret-jewish-history-of-napoleon-bonaparte/
    15
  498. Usually, I don't respond to old comments, but for anything Hasmonean and Herodian, he is basically if not actually our only source, and I don't have any reason to doubt his statements about those time period (provided you use the Arabic translation of the Antiquities rather than the earliest surviving Greek version, which clearly added some stuff about Jesus).
    15
  499. There's a language in Indonesia that only recently adopted a written form and decided to use Hangul.
    15
  500. It can be two things. The parallel rise of class and national consciousness has been a running theme through my entire coverage of the Long 19th Century.
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  501. Fawcett’s observations were correct but his conclusion (theosophical race-spiritualism) were indeed crackpot. For obvious reasons that stuff wasn’t in the movie and I’d venture it dissuaded a lot of people from listening (while attracting a smaller number of people).
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  502. In fairness, burritos are from San Francisco originally, and it was part of Mexico briefly and unhappily.
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  503. And on the Palestine Front.
    14
  504. One official said he looked like an American caricature of a British general.
    14
  505. That's the idea! You're welcome.
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  506. Again, Samuel didn't want to appoint Husseini. He was pushed to do so by an architect in his administration who was a hardcore Arab nationalist, and it's notable that Samuel never allowed himself to be photographed with Husseini. There was also a need to appease the Husseini family after losing the mayorship because Arab politics in Jerusalem was totally consumed by familial power struggles. As for Aref al-Aref, he was almost certainly innocent of incitement and was only accused in the first place because Gen. Palin was an idiot (he also called Jabotinsky a Bolshevik agent).
    14
  507. I am disappointed by the lack of mention that Hemingway once ate his way out of a sandwich house.
    14
  508. Which state? I grew up in California, where we do learn this. Though in spite of that Wilson is probably more revered here than anywhere else in the US. There are murals of him standing in front of a map of Greater Armenia.
    14
  509. I have some very distant family in Winnipeg. We're neighbors! Real talk: I've wanted to make a special on Canada for a long time. It's intimidating because those are so much work, and a lot of people are quick to dismiss the idea (especially in comparison to Scandinavia, the Caribbean, the Caucasus, and Brazil,, which are the most requested specials by far), but attempting to game the Online Streaming Act for fun and profit will probably push me over the edge.
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  510. My parents and grandparents were secular Mapainiks, so the first time I ever heard Ashkenazi Hebrew "in the wild" was in 7th grade, when a classmate who went to a different synagogue asked if I'd gotten my "tallis" yet. I was in my fourth year of learning Hebrew and genuinely didn't understand what she was saying.
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  511. I actually avoid Unpacked to avoid the possibility of accidental plagiarism (compare to Henry Abramson who has a very different style of presentation, so it's not as much of an issue), but I love hearing the parallels and contrasts between us.
    14
  512. This is incorrect. Ashkenazi Jews share much of the same DNA as other Jews, and if you look across large samples, Ashkenazi phenotypes aren’t significantly different from those of other Jews either; take it from someone in a family of very dark Ashkenazim. What you see is mostly because of stereotypes/colorism favoring paler folks, and 100 years ago the stereotype would be the opposite. What distinguishes Ashkenazim, rather, is how genetically related to each other we are, which is mostly a function of the founder effect.
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  513. The Free State of Krakow.
    14
  514. This is not my native accent, but rather the accent of someone who wanted to be taken seriously in mass media and then lived in a non-Anglophone country for six years.
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  515. We'll probably come back to that later.
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  516. Thank you for recognizing Florida as a lesser category of federal subdivision.
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  517. Without giving too much away, yes. But I'm taking my time. Specials like those require doing much more research, such as seeking out more obscure sources and talking with relevant community members to get their perspectives. It also requires much more artwork due to covering a much longer period of time in a single video. I want to do a good job and that means spacing them out.
    13
  518. I will cover this in a future video, but suffice it to say that the Jewish population in Acre wasn't very large or influential until Yehiel of Paris arrived there in 1258, and the Kingdom of Jerusalem fell for good only 32 years later. If you want to see a more clear contrast between Crusading and domestic tolerance, look into the Normans and their various realms in Europe.
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  519. Most of the real-life locations in Pawnee were shot in Pasadena.
    13
  520.  @raifthemad  There was a weird period in the early '70s where Soviet movies briefly went mainstream and you could see them in American cinemas. At the very least there was a brief time when the artistry (Tarkovsky) and production value (Waterloo) was on par with American blockbusters. Of course the USSR exerted actual government censorship that made that way harder, but some stuff did slip through.
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  521. I see you are also a Jenna Maroney fan.
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  522. I had to look this up; apparently Jack Benaroya's parents immigrated from Lebanon to Alabama. So they're probably distantly related, but only distantly– similar to Vidal Sassoon (father from Thessaloniki) vs. the more famous Iraqi-Indian Sassoons.
    13
  523. For all the progress Italy was making at the time, it still wasn't doing great economically. Lots of people there were emigrating to the US, France, and Britain. The people moving to Italy for the most part were people with family ties to the country who wanted to help rebuild it.
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  524. During the Alexandria riots, a Greco-Egyptian writer named Apion came to prominence for his history of the Greek people, which claimed that Jewish history was an elaborate fabrication and that Jews practiced human sacrifice. His work was later lost, but not before getting picked up and embellished by Tacitus, so he’s essentially responsible for both the Blood Libel and Temple Denial. I talk about this more in my Bar Kochba video.
    13
  525. Two weeks ago I visited Merom Golan and watched the battlefield on the Syrian side. The last time I'd been there I was barely old enough to drink and the war began days later. Now the war is ending. It always feels weird.
    13
  526. I mean, considering they are a sovereign entity, what they didn't isn't much worse than what a lot of countries did; and it was the loss of Malta itself that led them to dedicate themselves to being a purely charitable organization.
    13
  527. What is the controversy? I find it vicariously frustrating that basically everyone's efforts on all sides were undone over the next 30 years: Greece overplayed its hand and lost most of its territorial gains from Turkey, the monarchy was overthrown, the Venizelists turned against the Jewish community and some of them committed a pogrom, Greece became a (pro-Allied) fascist dictatorship, the Nazis invaded, almost the entire Jewish population was wiped out, and then there was a civil war.
    13
  528. Oh this was nothing compared to “Kishinev II” in 1905.
    13
  529. Then ESPN started airing poker tournaments to fill the dead air and everyone went crazy for it.
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  530. I'd rather not say. The number changes as I write them and I additionally don't want to make any promises I can't keep.
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  531.  @Davey-Boyd  I once proposed to my friend that we take a road trip to Argentina. Turns out that's way harder than it should be.
    13
  532. And here I thought "Yekke" referred to all Western Ashkenazim.
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  533. (clicks video) (checks comments) "Yep."
    13
  534.  @brm5844  Not to be flippant but this is shockingly similar to nationalistic arguments between Americans and Canadians.
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  535. 50, not 500.
    13
  536.  @milobem4458  That may actually have been what I did. I don’t remember because I edited this video over a week ago.
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  537. "for no other reason than because of how you worship God" Oh, don't worry, they learned to hate Jewish converts to Christianity as well, as well as Jews for entirely racialized reasons. Most Jews aren't religious today and that doesn't stop them from being hated by any means.
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  538. Oh yes. I don't like to discuss my plans for this channel, but most of the topics you listed are on track to be made into videos.
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  539. They got really close right after this. They really did. There was even enough political support in 1906 to abolish the monarchy. But they didn't quite get it together, so even as the empire became more and more unpopular over the next decade, there wasn't any coherent structure to replace it. You'll see next time.
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  540.  @ElvingsMusings I was responding to someone else whose comment is gone.
    13
  541.  @gyllenspetzfamily7993  It was planned for 1950 and Ben-Gurion deliberately sabotaged it. We'll get there eventually.
    13
  542.  @LordJagd  Kinda, yeah. It's sort of like experiencing it in real time; there's an immediacy to everything and I'm on this journey with the people I'm researching.
    13
  543. Depends on the context. Normally I'd just distinguish by country.
    13
  544. Oh man, how did I miss that?
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  545. Thanks! There are a lot of side quests I'd like to take these videos on– right now I'm just discovering Linfamy and seeing just how in-depth he can get with Japanese history, so it's giving me some new ideas. Unfortunately, very little survives about the Old Gods. The only complete story I'm aware of is the Baal Cycle, which is basically an origin myth for the changing seasons.
    13
  546. A whole lot of YouTubers did; I got a sneak peek in the EduTuber Slack channel and it's very respectable.
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  547. My boy Khosrow II right here.
    13
  548. By my count, France has had three successful revolutions (1789, 1830, 1848), four failed ones (1832, 1871, 1936, 1968), and eight uncategorizable regime changes (1799, 1804, 1814, 1815, 1815 again, 1852, 1870, 1958),
    13
  549. I get all the tomatoes I need from my family's Chinese-style bosrcht recipe.
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  550. You can probably blame Nasser for that. While obviously never sympathetic to the idea of a Jewish state, he didn't initially differentiate it from just another Middle Eastern nationalist movement. But after the Suez Crisis, he completely turned around and started publishing The Protocols of the Elders of Zion in Arabic.
    13
  551. But why would you want that? If I did that, I couldn’t make videos!
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  552. Next two episodes.
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  553. Ah, well the whole "Israelite" thing and the legend of the united monarchy started under Josiah, right before the end of the First Temple Period, but the name Judah for the country and its inhabitants persisted. "Am Israel" and "Eretz Israel" are more poetic designations, in the same fashion that Britain is sometimes called "Albion."
    13
  554.  @samuelfeldman9912  Fun fact about Ellis Island: nobody ever had their name changed there. All name changes by immigrants to the US were voluntary and in all likelihood never required any formal process. My great-grandfather Nahum just started going by Nathan and the state of Ohio never questioned it. Point being that Jewish names right up to the modern era are highly fluid and informal, so your family is probably right.
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  555. I lived most of my life in the US, and the idea of there being available parking anywhere baffles me. Living in Los Angeles I often had to park half a mile from my own house at night. Traffic was also so bad that public transport was usually faster (unless you were going a really long way), and I often had nightmares about forgetting where I parked.
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  556. I actually did originally include that in the video– it was fully edited and everything. But I cut it out (among much, much else) because once I was able to step back and watch the whole video, it was out of place. This just needed to be a video about Jews in Iran rather than Jews and Iran, and if I ever make it to the Begin years without burning out, it will come back.
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  557.  @andromidius  Ruskiy Mir, right? In research for my channel I discovered that the notions that late Imperial Russia had some really fucked up notions of being the master race and inevitably conquering and assimilating humanity under a single church, culture, and autocrat. It's all there. This is why he idolizes Alexander III.
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  558. She and I were born five days apart.
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  559. I don't think this was clarified, but critical scholars generally believe now that Abraham was a later addition during the Babylonian exile, mirroring the exile itself and subsequent return to Judea after the Persian conquest.
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  560.  @joshuacarre06  Trying to learn Welsh and wanting to visit Wales and learn pre-Anglo-Saxon British history.
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  561. If you check out my video on the Russian Haskalah, you'll find that the Russians made a very clear distinction between those groups whom they believed to just be Russians by another name (Belarusians and Ukrainians), those who they believed could and should be Russified (other Europeans), those who couldn't be Russified and just needed to be contained (non-Europeans or non-Christians), and the Jews who they saw as a sort of Holy Whipping Boy. They built an entire legal regime around it, so I'd say it qualifies. Some of the wackier Rebel politicians in the latter part of the American Civil War even suggested adopting Russia's system of absolute monarchy and multi-tier racial fanaticism (conceiving of different classes of whites as secretly being separate races as well, via eugenics and pseudohistory).
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  562. He will be a central figure in the next three videos.
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  563.  @KonradSeverinHilstad  That doesn't surprise me. US politics in the 19th century had a similar culture of being more open to Jews than to Catholics due to the highly centralized and authoritarian nature of the Catholic Church, in contrast to Jewish religious administration being either strictly nationalized or nonexistent.
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  564. I don't think "most important neighborhood in American history" is a meaningful statement in any way.
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  565.  @Anastasia-nn5fy  Mykhailo Hrushevsky's vengeful ghost wants to know your location.
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  566. I wonder what his Meemaw would say!
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  567. The founders of Reform and Conservative Judaism in America were Sephardic.
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  568.  @chetcalhoun613  Vance's plan seems to be outliving Trump.
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  569. I didn't know you wore a Magen David, but thanks for explaining. As both a Jew and a YouTuber specializing in Jewish studies, I see way too many Christians wearing one in a manner meant to condescend or shame us. You've never seemed like that kind of guy, and I'm glad to hear that it has a special meaning to you that's really something you engage with in a knowing and meaningful way.
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  570. I was shocked to find a dearth of videos by my peers on the Decembrist Revolt. Otherwise I would have linked to it then and there.
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  571. Yes! They've actually shown up once before. I plan to refer back to them when it's relevant as examples of how ordinary people actually experienced these events.
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  572. Don't be embarrassed, people have already pointed out minor mistakes in this video. FWIW it will eventually be quite relevant that the US never declared war on the Ottoman Empire during this time, which virtually eliminated their ability to influence the post-war Middle Eastern landscape.
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  573.  @samwill7259  Yes, but that is more of a socioeconomic effect of country of origin, the circumstances of Aliyah, and even where in Israel they live (notably very few in Tel Aviv, which is the economic engine of the country). These disparities apply to very many oleh groups now and historically. They have unique challenges by virtue of coming from Ethiopia, but it’s not a matter of American concepts of black/white.
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  574. What did they say? At some point I had it translated into Hebrew but I've since lost that footage.
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  575. The rule wasn’t made until the 18th century.
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  576. The radio snippet wasn't a news story; it was an ad by the tort reform lobby.
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  577. Well, that would be incorrect. The First Aliyah began just sixteen years after Rome and Jerusalem. I am endlessly fascinated (and frustrated) by the way Israeli history has almost totally left out those who came before Herzl, whose own ideas for what a Jewish state should look like were unpopular with the existing Zionist movement and largely ignored.
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  578. At the time Bar Hebraeus described him, "from the quarter of the Egyptians" was a euphemism/misused term for a Sudanese or Somali person, much in the same manner as "American Indian."
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  579. The Survey: https://forms.gle/SxRqwFiSH9uGwuRh9
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  580. I looked it up, and apparently it does, but not enough for me to notice when looking at the channel overall.
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  581. Partly it's a holdover from Roman Emperor worship. Medieval Christianity adopted this pre-existing antisemitism for its own ends. Also we're widely dispersed, easily visible, and had widespread literacy before that was common.
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  582. Thank you. This was inspired in part by my mom, who wants to come visit again but turns 68 on Saturday and rolled her ankle on the steps of Old Jaffa last time.
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  583.  @gabrielrussell5531  At the time, emancipation at the federal level was interpreted as only applying to federal offices, with states being allowed to do whatever. Maryland was the only state to outright prohibit Jews from voting (until 1828), but several other states prohibited non-Protestants from public office, with New Hampshire being the last (holding out until 1877).
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  584.  @ChevyChase301  This is true of the entire US until the 1968 Civil Rights Act. Coming from California, I know of many suburbs that were whites-only (inc. no Jews; my grandparents were refused from one of them). Even Beverly Hills was one of them, and there are still a lot of private clubs out there that maintained one or two token Jews to avoid being officially discriminatory until the late 1970s. This is true of businesses too; Wall Street was probably the last major sector of the economy to desegregate, in the late 1980s. This, by the way, is why Jews are stereotyped as eating Chinese food on Christmas: due to redlining, all of the Chinese neighborhoods in New York City were next to Jewish ones.
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  585. I've covered Egypt on multiple occasions! And spoiler alert: Algeria will become relevant soon. And I'm pretty certain where Morocco, Tunisia, and Libya will fit in.
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  586. 1. His father was a Maskil, so he probably did learn to speak with a modern accent. 2. It's 2024 and there are only so many Hebrew-speaking YouTubers I can call upon to provide voice roles.
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  587. They were conflated/combined in the south, which often takes place in polytheistic societies.
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  588. Is Sanders a Bundist though? He isn't campaigning for Jewish autonomy; it's just not a relevant concern in the US.
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  589. Illiteracy is the inability to read any language, not just Hebrew.
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  590. I covered the origins of Ashkenazi Jews in the video "Roman Exile," and revisited the subject in the previous video "The Jewish Crusade."
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  591. I’ve considered doing a series on historical sites to run alongside new episodes, but the cost of travel and restrictions of the COVID-19 pandemic have made it impossible for the moment. I will go over historic battlefields that people can visit in Corrections and Fun Facts.
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  592. I can't make any promises, but I'm very deliberately saving Morocco for a really big video when I get to World War II.
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  593. Yikes! I'm sorry.
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  594. This will not be Kosciusko’s last appearance on the channel.
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  595. Personal vehicle ownership wasn’t exactly common in the 1920s, even in the US.
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  596. Attorney General Norman Bentwich was.
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  597. Gene Wilder.
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  598. Thanks! I believe this was my first video that consisted entirely of original artwork.
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  599. I think it's worth saying that Teddy Roosevelt arguably started the partisan shift that FDR presided over. Prior to 1912, both parties had left and right wings of about equal strength– the main division between the parties was over whether US dollars should be backed by gold or silver. But after the 1912 election, most members of the Progressive Party were gradually absorbed into the Democrats. Other progressive Republicans soon followed, and this was the root of Democrats' dominance from the 1930s to the 1990s. In the 1960s, Southern Democrats began defecting to the Republicans, so by the 1990s the party switch was complete.
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  600. In my research they have been described as appearing mostly Han but still distinctly Levantine in certain ways. Quite stupidly, white supremacists in the 1920s and 30s used this to argue that Jewish DNA was "more resistant" than others and thus should be treated as a global pandemic. Secondhand reports of the Kaifengim resulted in a lot of racist and Disputational theories between the 17th and 20th centuries that I left out of this because they weren't worth my time.
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  601. This is based on his statue in Córdoba. The popular portrait of him is from the 17th century and may originally have been of a Muslim scholar whose image was mistaken for him; this is a common pitfall when sourcing historical images. Also, "looking Ashkenazi" is not a thing; green eyes are no more common among Ashkenazim than Sfaradim.
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  602.  @UsefulCharts  Like, literally right now.
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  603. 🇨🇦
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  604. Thank you! I actually went to the Crissy Field Marsh before dawn to film that intro.
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  605.  @Jaynat_SF  It is Tel Aviv as it appeared in 1936, because that's as far as I've gotten in the process of drawing the map.
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  606. I mean, this is a political paradox that is even in the Bible, and in his original text that's what he references, but reading I couldn't help but think of the instances where that very emphatically didn't happen. Iraq is probably the most prominent current example. Honestly, it seemed like the kind of subject Kraut would be interested in.
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  607. Would that the sketchy org currently managing this site (as alluded to in the description) took it as seriously as the actual Antiquities Authority does. Before coming here, I did a video on Yodfat, an entire city that's an active dig site, for Armchair History, and the difference was astonishing.
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  608. We talk behind the scenes.
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  609. Social Blade is wrong; I watched it happen.
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  610. I was actually hoping someone would bring this up on Patreon, but surprisingly few patrons have been asking questions lately. So, "sterilizing" is not in fact what was happening, but it is true that the Ministry of Health administered Depo-Provera to Beta Israel women without their consent or even awareness while they were temporarily housed in refugee camps in 1991. This is something that has long been exposed and admitted to. As to the Yemenite controversy, the government has admitted nothing about the forced adoptions in the 1950s and I'm risking a very real backlash by even talking about it because there are those who insist that it's just right-wing propaganda.
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  611. The Hadrianic Persecutions and the Alhambra Decree.
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  612. It originated as an homage to CGP Grey's video on the British monarchy.
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  613. Update from a year later: oh, it's totally legendary. My family has worked with horses as far back as modern memory goes, but the paper trail has been difficult to navigate because my family in the 19th century lived in what is now a contentious border region. Geneavlogger is currently doing a series about it: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLcGqX_-rsFhTT8HGQGAksbuRfiHP4aTX5
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  614. It's faring better than the Jewish population of Winnipeg, which used to be a solid #3.
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  615. There's a lot more to the city today than religion; though a still a bit too much of that for my taste (avoid the northern neighborhoods if you value your safety). There's also a lot more than I can put in my videos; I went into much greater detail in my book. The Israel Museum was spectacular and I was lucky enough to arrive for snow. It's a far better city explored on one's own than as part of a tour group, that much is absolutely certain.
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  616. It's "Arabiyya." Judeo-Arabic uses the Hebrew alphabet to write Arabic.
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  617. Thank you, I'll look into this for the sake of future videos.
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  618. United States Cabinet
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  619. According to Vlad Vexler, the next ten years after this were the closest Russia came to a democratic society. And that episode is coming too.
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  620. The Kerem was one of my favorite neighborhoods. One of the few where I could hear myself think.
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  621. That's a good question and I'll have to look into it. I can say that Jews were treated absolutely horribly in the Greek War of Independence and that they weren't really accepted into Greek society until World War I– granted, most Jews in Greece lived in Thessaloniki, which wasn't part of Greece until 1912.
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  622. 8:04 The Austrian Netherlands are what we now call Belgium, but on the map are wrongly shown as the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands.
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  623. I didn't say it wasn't monotheistic.
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  624. Shit, according to the excellent channel CheapSeatsSports, ice hockey was already being played by children in colonial-era Virginia.
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  625. Not the next one, as we still have the pre-war finale covering all the stuff that's been going on in America during this period. When we actually get into the war, I will revisit the Young Turk Revolution from the perspective of Avraam Benaroya and the SSIF, then back to Trumpeldor for the ZMC, and then Nili, which will deal heavily with the Armenian Genocide. I have nine videos lined up for World War I.
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  626. Mustn't forget Iftikhar ad-Dawla, a Nubian who led the defense of Jerusalem in the First Crusade.
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  627. So would I, but I try very hard not to allow New York to stake an exclusive claim on Jewish-American history and culture at the expense of all other localities, as is usually the case in popular culture.
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  628. Thank you! Andrew seems to conflate Solomonic Israelitism with Beta Israel origins, when in fact Solomonic Israelitism emerged as a reaction against the Ethiopian Jewish community.
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  629. I think it’s the intersection of two distinct preferences, or at least that’s how Herbert Asbury makes it sound in The Barbary Coast. I’ve never come across an explicit fetish for Jewish redheads.
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  630. Mostly as an American, since I grew up there. I know this exists in Israel, but I didn't grow up with it and it's complicated by the fact that Israel is a much younger country where that early history hasn't been as mythologized and in which said hardline nationalists were themselves politically marginalized during much of that early history.
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  631. AFAIK the speaker being nonpartisan is a more recent development; at least that’s the impression I got from reading about it.
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  632. My reason for discluding Humanistic Judaism was that it just seems like an organized version of Jewish Secularism.
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  633.  @marksimons8861  We have party platforms at the quadrennial convention, but they don’t count for anything because parties don’t choose their own candidates the way they do in other countries. Most voters are party members, there’s no annual dues, so American primaries are basically public elections. In California they literally are, since we got rid of party primaries entirely, but that’s the exception.
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  634. This very channel will get to it soon. But if you are impatient, check out American Judaism by Jonathan Sarna.
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  635. Considering how segregated Chicago was, even between different Jewish communities based on region, it's less likely than I'd prefer, but still possible. We were in East Humboldt Park.
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  636. Only as long as he was alive. Unless he could make it to the Year of Four Emperors. Can you imagine an independent Judea allied with Vespasian in 69?
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  637. I knew this originally from Dave at Night based on Gail Carson Levine's father's childhood at the YMHA. He changed his name from Carasso to Carson.
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  638. I think it's something I will continue to do in the future with specials.
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  639. Most famous Jew alive at the time.
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  640. There will be more Hasidism next time.
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  641. @Israeli Local Morocco was partitioned between France, Morocco, and the international zone of Tangier. So it was just a border change.
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  642. Archeological evidence suggests that most of the people at Masada were hostages, not defenders, and that there was in fact a fight when they got to the top. But because the Sicarii were so few in number, they were easily overwhelmed and unable to force their prisoners to commit suicide. Josephus, writing shortly after the war under the constraints of his patron Vespasian, probably changed the story to make it more appealing to Roman cultural values.
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  643. Oh, it lingers. Caesar's Column is arguably the ur-text of the Great Replacement Theory.
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  644. I may have been overly ambiguous in my wording. While Hess did want cooperation from Arabs in Palestine, his emphasis was on the idea that a Jewish state would be in alliance with neighboring Arab states in their mutual struggles for independence from the Ottomans.
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  645. Yes, for reasons of both principle and facts on the ground. First, principle: I'm going to guess that you're in an English speaking country, in which case you're accustomed to a political system based on the premise that all people have inherent political rights, regardless of whether or not they are recognized as such by the powers that be. Under such an understanding, human rights are unconditional, and this was supposedly the guiding principle behind the Romanian national program– yet they denied this principle to Jews. Second, facts on the ground. By this time, Jews weren't still an estate of the realm. Rather, they were Romanian nationals without citizenship. In the brief period that they had access to the military and public schools, they availed themselves of it. And inasmuch as pre-revolutionary Jewish institutions still existed, they were entirely private and voluntary. So Kogalniceanu was proposing a solution to a problem that didn't exist, and did so purely in order to placate a faction that could not be placated, seeing Jews purely as a threat to Romanian "racial purity" by virtue of their very existence.
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  646. Not to be confused by The People's Court headed by Joseph Wapner.
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  647. There are occasional rumors, but most of the (admittedly few) people who claim to be Sabbateans today are newly so rather than having inherited the tradition. Even Frank's movement never numbered more than 26,000, a tiny fraction of Zvi's original following by any measure.
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  648. You're right! He was sentenced to death, and did died in 161, but that the two events were not connected and that he escaped his death sentence for some tim. Expect me to make a big mea culpa over that in my corrections video.
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  649.  @Chinothebad  I believe they're recalling WWI when people in the US started killing Dachshunds out of spite for the German Empire.
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  650. I misunderstood the nature of the offense: Archelaus had violated levirate marriage because Glaphyra was the widow of his half-brother Alexander but had already had children by Alexander.
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  651. I mean, so do American Jews. You could even break it down by neighborhood. Minhag is all relative.
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  652. The USPS of the 19th century had seemingly no problem whatsoever with sexually explicit placenames, which Funk would have been at the time.
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  653. The next video will be the finale of the Long 19th Century.
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  654. That is actually something that will be in the next recap video because I couldn't fit it into the next series of scripts! For those unaware, Subbotniks were the closest thing Russia ever had to a homegrown Protestant movement– though it only came about in the early 19th century and never numbered more than a few thousand. A minority of those, known as Judaizing Subbotniks, reacted to the May Laws by essentially going "fuck it," converting to Judaism fully, and mostly emigrating to Palestine, specifically Jaffa.
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  655. That’s not a parable. That’s just a thing that happened.
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  656. Yes, though some local consistories have opted out of the Central Consistory. Recently they have been trying to create one for Islam. The excuse for it not being possible is that Sunni Islam is non-hierarchical, but so is Judaism (at least sans Temple) An important aspect of this is that all clergy organized under a consistory– even Catholic priests– are paid and regulated by the state; though the Jewish Consistory wasn't state-funded until the July Revolution of 1830.
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  657. I thought about putting the end date as 2021, but I couldn't have made a separate video. The China video had to come out on 22 October. You'll find out why.
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  658. Yeah, we're now entering an era with people the viewer might actually have met! For me that was the last episode, when my aunt Ethel had a cameo. She was born in Kiev during the Beilis trial and I carried her casket in 2011.
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  659. Yeah, I noticed that a while ago and hoped nobody would point it out. But here we are. I don't think the Bible chart will come up again at this point, so let's hope for no typos going forth on the Talmud or Hebrew Calendar.
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  660. Na Nach was founded in 1986. This is kinda what I was getting at in the pinned comment.
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  661. I didn't say the Old Yishuv as a whole was insular, but specifically the Haredim and especially Hasidim of Jerusalem.
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  662. Great-great-grandparents.
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  663.  @varana  got it. It's a mockery of the use of national flags to represent languages.
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  664. It's there. I've ridden on it.
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  665. I think they don't know who is or isn't Ashkenazi or what is or isn't "Western." The most westward-looking of the early Zionists were all of the Sephardic minhag: Montefiore, Alkalai, Herzl, Nordau, etc. They came from a culture that looked down on Ashkenazim for being too eastern.
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  666. It should, but "Religious Centre" is usually the English translation in contemporary media. Why yes, I have been reading 1930s election reports from the JTA.
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  667.  @zjzr08 because it was widely assumed among the British aristocracy that Communism was an ontologically Jewish movement.
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  668. I hate that this was also my first thought.
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  669. Ah, but she wasn't the first female rabbi; she actually turned down the offer to become ordained.
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  670. It's anachronistic, but I was channeling Johnny Reb.
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  671. Bloody Luvvy, tha.’
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  672. I didn’t come across any examples of this in my research.
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  673. I know it was anachronistic, but I was more interested in presenting an attitude than a realistic representation of speech. Similarly, I have instructed all the actors in my next video (on the French Revolution) not to speak in a French accent.
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  674. Band of Brothers worked because it was about a single unit of men who (1) happened to be at most of the major battles in Northwest Europe and (2) most of whom happened to survive all the way through, which was very conducive to a TV series. The Pacific is drawn from multiple sources involving multiple units that had little if any relation to each other. Originally, the series was meant to be much longer and be more of an anthology involving lots of different people, such as the Navy or MacArthur's army, in the vein of the original Playtone historical miniseries, From the Earth to the Moon. But they didn't have the budget, so The Pacific as we know it was a frustrating compromise, having a scope and focus that was both too big and too small...
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  675. Boston, Detroit, and Cleveland will get some attention soon.
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  676. Only the Zhang converted to Islam, and only at the turn of the 20th century.
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  677. Won't be the last time either.
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  678. Probably, retroactive to the 1940s. HaHozrim? HaHadashim?
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  679. But Hillel the Elder was a moralist, and all modern forms of Judaism can be traced back to his school/party.
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  680. Dear God, I had never even thought of that.
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  681. Canada opened its doors a little later.
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  682. 2:50 Don't forget the Dodecanese!
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  683. My uncle was not quite three years old when penicillin was released to the public. It saved his life soon after. Thanks for this more long-form historical video; can't wait to see where else these kinds of videos take you...
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  684. I agonized over that translation . דת עממית didn’t seem quite right because it means “popular religion” rather than “the religion of a people.”
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  685. No, rabbis had in fact existed since the destruction of the First Temple. It was they who formed the Great Assembly led by the High Priest and eventually (with the Maccabean Revolt) the Great Sanhedrin as the lawmaking body for both Judea itself and for Judaism. Priests were fairly marginal at this point and eventually just became administrators of the Temple.
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  686. The Beta Israel actually did become totally isolated in a way that the Bukharim never did, and did so before Jews were living in Central Asia at all. I need to do more research on why and how.
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  687.  @gyllenspetzfamily7993  Well, this is why most left through the west. Mostly German shipping companies facilitating rail transport out of Russia to Hamburg and then by ship to the US.
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  688. You're right. A lot of my understanding of Christianity at the time I made these early videos was based on later interpretations/uses of these writings, especially when they were/are quoted as arguments against Jews or Judaism. This particular passage is often used colloquially as a condemnation of all Jews. Plain readings of the Pauline epistles often come off as totally antisemitic, but having grown and learned more through religious scholars and Jewish commentaries on the New Testament, it seems fairly clear that Paul is not invalidating Judaism as a whole but specifically for gentile converts to Christianity, for whom Jewish law could not apply. This was even cited by Emden and Mendelssohn in the 18th century as an argument in favor of religious toleration.
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  689. He hasn't been back since the invention of plastic waste...
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  690. I mean, you can slice it up any way you want; that's my whole point.
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  691. You sound exactly like my mom. But if worst comes to worst, I'll freeze the comments. I've done that with a few of my videos that seem to exceptionally trigger antisemites (Alexandra, Medieval England, Colonial America, Ethiopia).
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  692. You underestimate how old I am. Technically speaking, I've lived through more than 1% of Jewish history. And there's a lot of stuff from that period that's worth covering. That said, I'll stop when I don't want to do it anymore and can afford to start something new.
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  693. I was mocking him for being so stupid as to do such a thing.
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  694. Surnames weren’t very common back then to begin with.
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  695. What if I told you there was a time in America when “black” was offensive and “negro” was polite? It’s the same thing. The pejorative use of “Jew” had completely overtaken the descriptive use in a lot of European languages. Even now, “Hebrew” is still the preferred nomenclature in Russian and Italian while “Jew” is offensive. The one notable country where this never happened is the UK, where antisemitism wasn’t widespread enough to ruin the word.
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  696. Pasadena has almost exactly the same land area as Tel Aviv with about 1/3 the population. You have a train and lots of very straight streets.
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  697.  @mrmr446  Ioannina! And of course the big breakaway that broke Ottoman Power was Egypt.
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  698. This is obviously the "present-day" framing device for the film adaptation of a short story by Stephen King.
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  699. Broke for Free– "Night Owl"
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  700. Oh, I was deliberately trolling them with this question so I could raise awareness about disliking the Yankees.
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  701. The Sriracha factory was in Irwindale, not Irvine. The good people of the San Gabriel Valley will not stand for this continued erasure!
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  702.  @brm5844  I will say that there are two very substantive differences between the US and Canada– Quebec and the Laurentian Elite.* But instead of those, the pro-Canadian argument will cite differences of the political system or welfare state that most people don't deal with on a daily basis (and which outsiders to both countries will never deal with) or highlight distinctions without a difference like the Melting Pot/Mosaic. *Quebec and the Laurentian Elite are also reasons why Canada's history had much more institutional antisemitism than the US, which is something I hope to talk about sometime.
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  703. 1. Animosity toward Israel in Ireland isn't as strident or as uniform as the most outspoken activists like to imply in places like Reddit (see also the supposed universal contempt for Irish-Americans). 2. There's a combination of factors, some of which are more problematic than others.
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  704. In his guide to the first crusade, British historian David Nicolle makes note of the euphemism. The only other people Bar Hebraeus would refer to as "of the quarter of the Egyptians" were Christians, which Iftikhar definitely wasn't. Combining this with the fact that his name indicates he was Shi'a (which, despite being the Fatimid religion, was quite rare among the public in Egypt), he theorizes that Iftikhar had first come into Fatimid service as part of the elite Sudanese infantry imported as slaves by the Vizier Badr al-Jamali. https://pdfcoffee.com/c132-pdf-free.html
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  705. Philip Ernest Schoenberg "The American Reaction to the Kishinev Pogrom of 1903" American Jewish Historical Quarterly, Vol. 63, No. 3 Page 269 https://www.jstor.org/stable/23877915
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  706. “Yiddish” is the Yiddish pronunciation of “Jüdisch.”
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  707. And I'll say it again: they're wrong. You can go anywhere on public transport here. You can't travel to rural areas in the US that way. Even in cities, service is infrequent and unreliable and in some cases nonexistent. Every company uses a different pass and every city has multiple companies. And it costs more. And there are entire states without train service. Another big part is that here the rails are government-owned. In the US, the government has to pay private companies and ask their permission to use their railways.
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  708. I'm going to guess that you're either from the US, Canada, or Australia. These countries are unusual in that they don't have a Jewish court system at all– every synagogue is its own supreme authority. Most countries aren't like that and stick to the old system. And except in Israel, where the Haredi-controlled courts refuse to recognize other schools of Judaism, national rabbinates in most countries are way more inclusive as a matter of practicality.
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  709. The highlighting of Beta Israel origins stems mainly from (1) a lack os continuous contact between them and the wider Jewish world and (2) historical revisionism within Ethiopia under the rule of the Derg, who sought to suppress Jewish identity in the late 20th century. Yes, it is enough to have converted. And it's not forbidden to ask about Ashkenazi Jews; it's just that antisemites refuse to accept the historically and scientifically accepted answer that our origins are predominantly Levantine as is the case with most edot. Ashkenazi Jews are descended from those taken to Rome as slaves (spoils of war) after the destruction of the Second Temple. Some were taken to Upper Germania at the time, and others fled there after after the fall of Rome, when King Clovis of the Franks gave them refuge.
    10
  710. Yes.
    10
  711. 0:32 I feel somehow responsible for this map.
    10
  712. He does not. He was never formally ordained, and watchdogs and experts widely consider his movement to be a cult (and the properly defined kind, not the edgelord "all religion is a cult" kind).
    10
  713. War never changes.
    10
  714. This will actually be the last Russia-centric video for a long time.
    10
  715. The next three episodes will each be a direct continuation of this one.
    10
  716. I wouldn't go so far as to compare Aramaic and Hebrew to British and American English– Punic is closer to Hebrew and they're still separate languages. However, the similarities between Aramaic and Hebrew are enough to make learning either language much, much easier, which is why most people in Second Temple Judea spoke both. Perhaps it's more analogous to Spanish and Portuguese. In any case, the decline of Aramaic as the common language of Mesopotamia led to a crisis of Hebrew literacy that is relevant to my next history video.
    10
  717. Josephus mentions it in the Antiquities; they show up in The Jewish War as well. There appear to be references in the Talmud, particularly the statements of Hillel the Elder and Yehuda ben Bateira. This actually isn’t the first time I’ve brought them up, and it won’t be the last.
    10
  718. Yes.
    10
  719. Acre was the seat of the Ottoman Sanjak of Acre, which was roughly coterminous with the entire Galilee. In terms of physical geography, Acre is part of the Bay of Haifa with direct links to the various Galilean valleys, whereas it's fully cut off from Lebanon by the mountains marking the modern border. Under the Romans, the distinction made sense because there were still cultural and political vestiges of the Phoenician city states, but obviously by the modern era no such distinctions between coast and inland existed.
    10
  720. I've never been. My family was from East Los Angeles.
    10
  721.  @SionTJobbins  Maybe Matt Gray is secretly Welsh.
    10
  722. Oh I intend to talk about the war in North Africa. There’s a reason I said Morocco and not Algeria.
    10
  723. Because, for whatever reason, Akiva ben Yosef (who ultimately set the canon) didn't like it. I'd guess that he didn't want to include a book that was entirely about human endeavors with no Godly presence...but then he included Esther, so who knows? It bothers me too.
    10
  724. I've been linking to sources for years.
    10
  725. What's up, jerks!?
    10
  726. There were Jewish citizenship laws passed in Republican Spain; I don’t know if they survived under Franco; but they would not have applied to most of Europe’s Jews at the time, and those to whom it did were either too far away like in Greece or largely out of harm’s way in Vichy-controlled North Africa. Meanwhile, the British closed Palestine off to Jewish immigration just in time for the war, Canada’s government did the same, and the US blocked refugees (and my family, who were already all in the US, never forgot it).
    10
  727. Judea was never able to conquer Ashkelon. Only when it was awarded by Pompey in exchange for the cession of Scythopolis and parts of Perea did it become part of the Kingdom.
    10
  728. Right? Israeli stereotypes of Ashkenazim just seem to be based on stereotypes of northern Europe, when in reality the majority of us live in the US (and Sephardim have all the same digestive issues, albeit to a lesser extent. Thanks, Black Death!).
    10
  729. Thank you for saying so. Putting Jewish history back in the context of world history is exactly what I set out to do when creating this channel.
    10
  730. I don't think we can have a full conversation on Rowling without knowing/acknowledging that her attitudes are in fact the norm among British political/media elites for a whole mess of historical reasons (chummy insularity, different legal system, broader historical trends that missed the UK, intermittent anti-Americanism) who view their transphobia as not only uncontroversial but progressive. It's horrifying and fascinating. Rowling is only the most well-known of these figures among people outside the UK, so there's a perception that she's singular in this regard, but talk to Hannah Witton about her struggles with the British media and she will be happy to let you know how curiously monolithic it is when it comes to certain issues.
    10
  731. If I had to guess, it's because Conservative and Reform Judaism have evolved to become much more similar than they used to be.
    10
  732. TBH I was inspired by Mark Cousins doing the same thing to depict the arrival of sound in The Story of Film: An Odyssey.
    10
  733. According to Henry Abramson, Khmelntsky‘s uprising targeted Jews, but not for religious or ethnic reasons. The uprising specifically targeted Jewish managers of frontier land owned by absentee Polish landlords as part of his economic grievances. Jews were disproportionately affected, but it was a consequence of their placement in the rural Polish socioeconomic order. For this reason (and extortion) he spared the Jews of Brody.
    10
  734. That’s not so unusual in countries that are losing wars. Italian POWs in America and Australia often just stayed after the war rather than go back to Italy. You also see a similar situation in Ukraine.
    10
  735. Thanks, it's fixed. I thought the latter looked wrong, but Hebrew is not my first language so the prepositions can be funny sometimes. Also the former was a typo on my part.
    10
  736. I will get tired of it.
    10
  737. The season. Spring as a water source is ayin, which is the same word for "eye."
    10
  738.  @OshayrDeZwirek  That's what they do in Austin. The people of Austin hate it and want to make their city more walkable, but the state government, which is based there, is actively fighting to make it a worse place to live because Texas is a mostly-Republican state and Austin is mostly-Democratic.
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  739. I'm mystified because I don't have enough context to understand the exact meaning of the rule. Perhaps you're right that they couldn't use their own names in Castilian, but perhaps it meant that they couldn't use names of non-Hebrew origin (which is a semantic nightmare in itself), or that they couldn't use any names found in the New Testament. It's unclear in a way that these kinds of laws usually aren't.
    10
  740. Yeah, I'm not okay with the Juventus/Beitar thing either. I was very intentional about becoming a Hapoel Tel Aviv fan.
    10
  741. Everyone in this thread is mostly wrong. The Farhud was broadly unpopular in Iraq, was seen at the time as a minor aberration not dissimilar from fascist uprisings in Allied countries, did nothing to popularize Zionism in Iraq. The eradication of Iraq's Jewish population had basically nothing to do with Israel and was primarily the result of a Red Scare on the part of Nuri as-Said's government, using Zionism as an extremely flimsy pretext to purge as many Jewish socialists and communists as possible.
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  742. Confession: I misread "DBG" as "DBZ."
    10
  743. Here's the thing: Israel doesn't love the car that much. There's only one vehicle per three people, including military, public transport, commercial, and maintenance vehicles. For some reason they just think they love the car. It's weird. That said, Miri Regev (Minister of Transport) really does love the car. She wants to stop transit development and put more money into 12-lane highways everywhere in order to be as prestigious as Dubai. Amazingly, she frames this as a form of class warfare against the transit-loving socialist bourgeoisie.
    10
  744. The Maccabean Revolt resulted in a military alliance between Judea and Rome. And the temple was only looted because Rome had pressured the Seleucids not to invade Egypt, leaving the army broke.
    10
  745. I don't discuss my plans for future videos because (1) it would be impossible to cover everything that people ask about and (2) plans can change due to research, personal life, etc. About a year ago, I considered doing a whole trilogy on sub-Saharan Africa (Ethiopia, West Africa, and South Africa), but after the experience of making the Silk Road Trilogy, I realized the workload for three consecutive specials was at best debilitating and at worst literally impossible. But West Africa is a topic I'd definitely like to come back to.
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  746. I would caution against reading the Holy History of Mankind however; he is very clearly imitating Hegel's writing style and to modern eyes it's almost deliberately obtuse.
    10
  747. It reminds me of my grandmother.
    10
  748. Louisiana was French until 1764, when control was transferred to Spain in accordance with the 1762 Treaty of San Ildefonso. In 1800, Napoleon secured the re-acquisition of the territory, but it didn't go into effect until 9 March 1803, by which time it had already been sold to the US, which officially took control the following day (known as "Three Flags Day").
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  749. When the US became independent, there were about an equal number of Jews in the North and South. But by the Civil War, this had changed to where the vast majority lived in the north due to more recent waves of immigration and industrialization. Subsequent claims by Lost Causers that the Confederacy was pro-Jewish and the Union was not rings hollow; yes, it is true that the Confederacy had a Jewish Secretary of State and a Jewish colonel, but of the 10,000 Jews who served in the Civil War, 7,000 served in the Union and attained ranks as high as brigadier. These demographic and political shifts are equally true of the US as a whole.
    9
  750. Oh no, I must have misread one of the stats. No wonder I couldn't find more of it.
    9
  751. Fourth!
    9
  752. Nah, that's a TGS with Tracy Jordan sketch for sure.
    9
  753.  @lemayllorente9567  There was a great deal of political pressure by outside nations for Castile to oppress Jews and Muslims. Other European leaders leveraged potential marital alliances for expulsion.
    9
  754. The name was changed to that in 1953.
    9
  755. A tiny part of it is part of Russia today: Starodub and Mglin, where my family lived, were historically part of Ukraine but were transferred to Russia during Soviet times. It's one of the areas Prigozhin is convinced the Ukrainians will invade.
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  756. Religious Jews, yes! In fact, there was (and in a few very religious circles still is) a lot of religious opposition to the creation of Israel because re-establishing a Jewish state was perceived as doing the Messiah's job. Also Lubavitchers believe that R. Menachem Mendel Schneerson the Younger is the messiah, despite having died in 1993.
    9
  757.  @TreyRuiz  In many cases, people started them intentionally because it was not common for insurance to cover earthquakes.
    9
  758. 0:39 this looks familiar
    9
  759. Sure! Hell, man, Kaifengim were Maimonideans.
    9
  760. 1. There were modest Jewish communities in Latvia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and "Useful Jews" in Russia proper (mostly Moscow, St. Petersburg, and Siberia). I don't know what the dynamic was in Latvia, but I know that Vatniks accuse it of being an Israeli puppet state because it has a Jewish president. 2. I try to go with whatever names were in official use at the time the events took place.
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  761. As in many countries, including Israel, there indeed exists in the US a sort of Jewish social order based around “who’s been here longest,” and Colonial Jews are kinda America’s version of the Old Yishuv.
    9
  762. They’ve got nothing on Wisconsin in that regard. You’ll see when we get to the 20s.
    9
  763.  @contextmatters8243 You missed his speech at the Munich Security Conference?
    9
  764. It's totally ahistorical, but Serbia's government has a history of promoting grandiose pseudohistory for politics, and Netanyahu has a history of doing and saying anything to increase and maintain his own power. The South Slavic peoples did not arrive in the former territory of the Roman Empire– let alone the Republic– until the 7th century CE.
    9
  765. Yes, and it was very similar, though they had a later start, and systemic antisemitism was much more prevalent throughout Canadian history. You can probably guess the main reason why, though it took many forms across the country; only the Maritime Provinces lacked any antisemitic movement in modern times. I'd really love to do a special on Canada, though figuring out its place in my schedule is challenging.
    9
  766. It was a conspiracy by Ratti-Menton specifically to increase French influence in Egypt, using its recently self-appointed status as the military/diplomatic protector of the Catholic Church, in the expectation that Egypt would indeed overthrow the Ottoman Empire and become the new Middle Eastern power.
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  767. Ben-Gurion and Ben-Zvi were really outliers within the Yishuv. Most had had a very bad experience with Ottoman rule, not only because of the legal issues that had begun under Abdülhamid but also because the Young Turk Revolution had inflamed ethnic tensions in the region to their detriment. When the war broke out, most avoided taking an explicit position out of fear but shared Trumpeldor's perspective that the Ottoman Empire was doomed.
    9
  768. Mexico had a civil war from 1910-1920.
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  769. All I did was copy people’s actual portraits. Phenotypes are inevitably more diverse than their stereotypes.
    9
  770. Right, it's a normal growth rate for the industrial age, which makes sense when you realize that Jews were virtually the entire middle class (i.e. people whose wealth wasn't restricted by social status or landedness) and thus kinda had "industrialized" before everyone else– plus a much lower infant and child mortality rate. The Rhineland population was about as genetically diverse as any other Jewish diaspora population at the time and were basically an offshoot of Italki Jews, and there was a lot of crossover with other edot throughout the Middle Ages. It's only when you get the severe bottleneck of the Plague Massacres that something on this scale could happen.
    9
  771. Everyone avoids Arthur because it would only serve to confuse future schoolchildren.
    9
  772. I think it helps that he's a local politician rather than an MP, so he's probably dealing with much more dynamic, ground-level issues that defy toeing the line of the national party's media handlers.
    9
  773. There were two papal enclaves, Benevento and Pontecorvo, inside the Two Sicilies.
    9
  774. tl;dr The eastern part of the Roman Empire always had the bigger population, and Greek was already the main language there, or at least the common one. The fall of the west merely exacerbated this demographic fact.
    9
  775. Those are eternal.
    9
  776. Because my family departed for the US by way of Bremen so their name was spelled the German way on the ship's manifest and they decided to pronounce it as spelled when they arrived in Chicago.
    9
  777. Funnily enough, I was planning to go to Pekiin and the Montfort for that...but this might fare well for Jewish History on the Plate...
    9
  778. Who said they didn't? Ashkenaz at this time was firmly within the Sephardic sphere of influence.
    9
  779. That's how I learned to pronounce it in school in the US.
    9
  780. ​ @jazzy3445  The comment you're replying to makes clear that this is the finale of a nine-part series. Go watch the others. The four years of bloodshed were not neglected. Gallipoli alone makes up the whole first episode.
    9
  781.  @tlc12070  I don’t know where you got that. The Senate has to vote to change its own rules. This kind of thinking is why way too many people only vote for President.
    9
  782. Stolen from a comment on History Matters: USA: "we're being infiltrated by Communists!" USSR: "we're being infiltrated by the wrong kind of Communists!"
    9
  783. I'll make a note about Salazar for corrections; thank you. Yeah, my sources on Barros Basto didn't discuss his occultism, but it doesn't surprise me. His fixation and subsequent biases around Jewish revival seem rooted in uncomfortably personal issues.
    9
  784. This is it for now. Connor was just being very generous and was happy to help. But there will be plenty of Poland-centric content in the Early Modern Period.
    9
  785. Not exactly. Innocent III literally believed that Jews would transmit Judaism through physical contact, as if it was an infectious disease. Honestly, as someone raised in the US, it was eerily reminiscent of the racist paranoia about interracial marriage.
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  786. Lots of walls are built to keep people in. It was illegal for Jews to be outside the ghetto walls at night, and they were locked from the outside. These authorities were irrationally terrified that the Jews would undermine religious authority by socializing with Christians– or worse, having romantic relationships with them. So yes, these were expensive and the governments made the Jews pay for them to keep them isolated from the rest of the community. There's a reason they don't exist today, and that they only existed in countries and cities that legally required them. And why did Jews celebrate when their ghettos were abolished? It was a form of religious persecution. In some parts of the world, there were neighborhoods called mahallas which were walled for protection, but these ghettos were not an example. Also, marrying a non-Jew is not and never has been punishable by death.
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  787. Caesarea is good. I'd also throw in Jaffa, Haifa, and there are lots of great spots in the Galilee. I'm partial to the upper Jordan Valley. Safed is worth visiting exactly once and never again, because it can be absolutely swamped with Haredi pilgrims for festivities you didn't even know existed. Beersheba is also underrated– it's got the ANZAC museum and the cozy little bars and Bedouin market.
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  788. Some oasis-based Amazigh tribe; I don't actually remember who specifically.
    9
  789. Merritt Animation Israel actually has that. Most sports teams were founded by political parties and are politically affiliated. That’s why so many of the tea,s all have the same names over and over.
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  790. Yes.
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  791. Jews would have emulated local fashions to the extent that they were able. The three main things distinguishing them from their neighbors would have been Jewish law (i.e. head coverings and other religious garb), mandatory identifying clothing (varied by country, it could be nothing or it could be a yellow hat and badge), and sumptuary laws (which forbade certain classes, sometimes including Jews, from dressing like the nobility).
    9
  792. Yeah, but lawyers in English are referred to as "Esquire," not "Doctor."
    9
  793. Well, I'm not in that position yet; my most popular video only has 200k views, so even a six-week break can be ruinous. I'm trying very hard to up my game over the next year so I can be in a more secure situation and do more of the things I want/need to.
    9
  794. Happy Thanksgiving and welcome to the tribe.
    9
  795. Because Jews vastly outnumber Samaritans.
    9
  796.  @buymybooks437  Samaritans still exist and are a separate people, yes. They still have a Temple as well.
    9
  797. Well, in English "libel" is just what we call defamation in written form.
    9
  798. I considered making an overt callback to my line from the RJW video: "Emperor Nikolai had anticipated that the war would be an unchallenging, one-sided victory against an unprepared and incompetent enemy. Was he wrong?"
    9
  799. There were also factions of future revolutions that encouraged hatred of Jews, much as in Germany.
    9
  800. I have a playlist of ones I've already done. Obviously this is the first in a long while. It's hard to make time for these, as well as to coordinate with people to talk to or even to help me film.
    9
  801. @David Chidester lions are. They attacked sheep; that's why they're the emblem of Judah. Bears used to be native too. And there are still some leopards creeping around the Jordan as well.
    9
  802. I cut my hair immediately after filming this. And it was time for an update anyway. Underneath all the shag it was very grey.
    9
  803. AFAIK we don't have voice recordings from Jabotinsky, so I just imagined Vlad Vexler by way of Jeremy Irons.
    9
  804. They were historically synonymous.
    9
  805. That actually happened a bit later. I’ll cover that in the recap video.
    9
  806. I did!
    9
  807. Israel has state-sponsored clergy but just has the national rabbinate without the oversight of a consistory. This is because Israel's religious policy was inherited from the Ottomans rather than France. I think it would be great to subject the rabbinate to a civilian consistory– much better IMO than creating separate institutions for Reform and Conservative Judaism.
    9
  808. Yukirby עליתי מארה"ב. אני מכיר את ג׳יי ג׳יי ממפגש בישראל.
    9
  809.  @amandahealey2216 Well I grew up on the joke that Jesus was Mexican because his name was Jesús, but apparently not everyone did.
    9
  810. I'm a longtime defender of Israeli wine, which is continuously in the process of being "discovered," immediately forgotten about, and then mocked in the US. The Judean foothills (where I shot this) are actually one of the main wine regions and I visited the winemaking school in nearby Nahshon in my book.
    9
  811. Interesting fact (I won’t say “fun”). Nazi Germany’s Jewish “grandparent” rule is why anyone with a Jewish grandparent is eligible to become an Israeli citizen today. It is actually contradictory to Jewish religious law and is causing a huge political crisis between the religious minority and the secular majority here today.
    9
  812. In the modern era, outside the walls still counts as part of the city.
    9
  813. You are correct. TBF the actual banner had even more misspellings.
    9
  814. @ronmaximilian6953 I was thinking more about a tiny man coming all that way before getting knocked out and missing the battle.
    9
  815. It's gonna become relevant again the next time we revisit Herzl, in 1903-04. And not for the reason you're probably thinking.
    9
  816.  @zugabdu1  True, but (1) I don't want to make a habit of it and (2) the next video will be the finale of the current run, so having it come out much later isn't desirable.
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  817. I agree that it was a long process. This is something I will get into more in the Roman Exile video, but in terms of no longer requiring Jewish law to be Christian, and reaching out explicitly to the gentiles, it started in the 30s. The break became much clearer however with the destruction of the Temple and subsequent disavowal by the Great Sanhedrin of all messianic claimants of the previous several decades.
    9
  818. There were a handful of notable examples in West Asia during late antiquity and the early medieval period, but the extent of it was limited even then. As I note in my latest video, the religion of a state or tribe more accurately referred to its ruler rather than the general public. Being what anthropologists call a "local religion," Jewish authorities did not make an effort to convert outside groups, and the rise of Christianity and Islam made Judaism seem less and less politically useful by comparison.
    9
  819. imthebrush72 things Thank God I wasn’t the only one who heard the theme playing.
    8
  820.  @Mrdachi87  I'd say that the varieties of Tuscany, Latium, Marche, and Umbria are dialects of Italian, whereas Neapolitan, Sardinian, Sicilian, and Gallo-Italian are separate languages.
    8
  821. Scowl Owl is truly the Alex Rubinstein to LegalEagle's Jon Bois.
    8
  822. חתול העם
    8
  823. As soon as Jews ceased to be the religious minority (sometime during the reign of Constantine), there was no ethnic majority in Palestine and wouldn't be until the near-extermination of Jews there during the First Crusade.
    8
  824. The rabbinate was constantly trying to police halacha and implement corporal punishments, long after the government had ordered them to stop. It was so contentious that Hamburg for about 20 years had no Chief Rabbi– Bernays was the first of the 19th century.
    8
  825. That’s the Etzel logo.
    8
  826. Well, many political scientists disagree, since it fosters a society with high partisanship but low political participation, which is unstable.
    8
  827. But it's an international submission and that's the literal translation of the title.
    8
  828. Peter and Paul concluded that Christianity could only survive if it became more than just a branch of Judaism. Therefore, Christians of Jewish birth were still obliged to follow Jewish law, but converts were not.
    8
  829. It still had the seven vowels and the distinction between hard ּת and soft ת.
    8
  830. Oh, I just copy the silhouette of someone I drew before.
    8
  831. Waltz No. 2; Dimitri Shostakovich
    8
  832. Rabbinate. A judicial panel of rabbis for a city or country.
    8
  833. Because he did.
    8
  834. Chișinău is the capital of Moldova.
    8
  835. It’s hard to teach because it’s not very self-contained, and there’s a broad cultural assumption that people won’t be interested unless it’s their primary focus.
    8
  836. He also had a weird obsession with eradicating ferrets. He lost his shit on the radio calling ferret owners perverts.
    8
  837. Not really a "relationship." Jan Hus was heavily influenced by Jewish attitudes towards the Bible and saw Jews as no longer relevant to the Christian struggle (meaning not an enemy of Christianity), but Jews were targeted for expulsion and execution by both Hussites and Catholics after Hus' death. The Jewish community in Bohemia, though dating back to the 10th century, was very small and didn't come into its own until the 16th century with the arrival of the Maharal and the Meisels.
    8
  838. Think of it like Social Security.
    8
  839.  @matthewbrotman2907  The latter, unless they’re FSU and don’t have a Hebrew name.
    8
  840. I don't speak with my native accent.
    8
  841.  @fludjim2159  Russification was imposed against every group in the Empire, even the Russians themselves.
    8
  842. Rumors have it the Americans are going to try dropping soldiers into Metz from airplanes. What a world...
    8
  843. I will admit that I am not as judicious with my subtitles on these videos, since it's much harder to transcribe and translate unscripted stuff. I started on it last night and will work on it a bit more.
    8
  844. Mira was born and raised in Israel as well. Your help on this would be much appreciated for an upcoming video.
    8
  845. And yet people constantly accuse Scorsese's movies for glorifying whatever they're about.
    8
  846.  @therongjr  "Rabbinic Judaism" is only used here to differentiate Judaism after the fall of the Temple, but Jewish thought and practice as something primarily directed by rabbis had been the norm since Simon the Just, a contemporary of Alexander the Great.
    8
  847. Oh I get those constantly over here. Not only is there a trend of weird Christian stuff marketing itself to Israel, the cost of YouTube advertising has plummeted with the economy and now I get mostly pickup artists and Falun Gong propaganda (in unsubtitled English even).
    8
  848. The House of Hillel was the more liberal pharisaic faction that favored moral responsibility over strict adherence to Jewish law, whereas Shammai was much more legalistic. The Hillelists were always the dominant faction of the two, and it's mostly their judgments that won and were immortalized in the Mishnah. Incidentally, the Zealots were the militant offshoot of the Shammaists who produced the first century's first messianic claimant, Judas of Gamla. This is why the blanket use of "Pharisees" in the Gospels is anachronistic– they had already split into three distinct parties decades earlier.
    8
  849. Don’t worry. I still regard 30:00 as my default limit. WWI will be mostly shorter stories (with the exception of that one big one)
    8
  850. This intrigues me. Over the past year or so, Zvi has become a much more popular topic among EduTubers and I can't figure out why.
    8
  851. Yes.
    8
  852. Yes.
    8
  853. Yes. Israel didn't even hold the #2 spot until the early 1970s, surpassing the Soviet Union. At the time of independence, American Jews outnumbered Israeli Jews 5-1.
    8
  854.  @LiliKiabey  And that's what got the Menorah sent back to Jerusalem.
    8
  855. “Berek” is Polish for “Ber,” which is Yiddish for “Dov.” He was the son of Josel, which is Yiddish for Yosef.
    8
  856. Hebraization? Maybe if I do a linguistics miniseries. But I'm so utterly swamped with work between this and my election channel that the existing content is coming out faster than I can make it.
    8
  857.  @samwill7259  Yes, but next time will also be the last Russia-centric video for a very long time.
    8
  858. The medieval kingdom, yes, I would agree that it's probably legendary, which is why I didn't actually include it. However, the early modern de facto polity of Semien was very much real, and the Gedawons probably promoted the idea of a medieval kingdom to boost their prestige and legitimacy; as Jews they weren't considered a formal component of the Ethiopian aristocracy.
    8
  859. In the case of Lag B'Omer, they inserted it where it hadn't been before...
    8
  860.  @itayeldad3317  Yes, the Ragak is a friend of mine and it has not escaped my notice that Radical Reform, which has never existed in the time Israel as been a country, lives on as a strawman for the Israeli religious right.
    8
  861. I promise to share some very positive facts around Jewish redheads when we get to the 19th century.
    8
  862. 1895 was the first. There was a second in 1902.
    8
  863. Well, that figure of 55 is on the PRC, not me.
    8
  864. Happy Passover, and apparently Happy Jews Talking About Jesus Week!
    8
  865. Potentially. I did earlier today consider making a video on "the most important bridge in Jewish history," that being the Williamsburg Bridge.
    8
  866. It's less common in the US than you'd think. New York is an unusual case. Many major US cities (San Francisco is the one I'm most familiar with) have never expanded beyond their original boundaries, and other cities like Boston only rarely, very early on.
    8
  867. It's likely still under copyright. It's hard to tell because the publishing company no longer exists, but it's likely that its copyrights were taken up by someone else.
    8
  868.  @iddomargalit-friedman3897 I specifically avoided saying 100,000 Jews died in the uprising, as that number seems to just be Sabbatean propaganda. Demographically that would have been impossible as nothing close to that number lived in Ukraine at the time. In reality it was closed to 2,000.
    8
  869. I've been working with Omniatlas since 2013, and my maps are custom originals made from his templates in Adobe Illustrator.
    8
  870.  @robleahy5759  I don't know where you got any of that. "White City" is a nickname for Tel Aviv, but "white city" in Hebrew is Ir Levana and "wheat" is hita. Ben-Gurion was from Płonsk, as mentioned in the video. You may be thinking of Rabbi Yitzhak Herzog, grandfather of the current Israeli president, who was Chief Rabbi of Ireland, though he was born in Łomza as well.
    8
  871. Ever? Guess I have to make a video about that.
    8
  872.  @hecticfreeze  Ah, but this cat is from Afula!
    8
  873. I have enough material to do this for years. Going into the modern era will enable me to get into more detail with certain things.
    8
  874. Oskar Niedermeyer was later resurrected by the US Army and killed by his own men in Vietnam.
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  875. I specified "country of residence" because tracking nationality ranges from "not worth it" to "impossible," and overall isn't particularly useful. So I'm glad you understand.
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  876. As you know, I don't like to talk about my future plans because they may change unexpectedly. However, the Jewish community in the Ottoman Empire is pretty calm at this point and there won't be much to talk about, so the next time I revisit the Sephardic community, it will be in a very different part of the world.
    8
  877. I'm left-wing myself, but there's nothing inherently un-Jewish about conservatism, nor inherently pro-Jewish about liberalism or socialism. In Romania at this time it was the liberals who were significantly more antisemitic than the conservatives.
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  878. They just expected the Jewish population to outnumber the non-Jewish population. As to neighboring countries, that varied by person. Certainly there were those who believed that the Ottoman Empire would continue on as the Caliphate and there wouldn't be much drama to it (keep in mind the Young Turk Revolution hadn't happened yet), or alternately that neighboring Arab states would emerge to avoid the issue of statelessness.
    8
  879. Charles was right. He is a minor royal. And lo, it was impressively c**ty.
    8
  880. I wouldn't say that about the settlement pattern. In 1880 the majority of American Jews lived in just six cities, and Chicago was the only Midwestern one. Cincinnati was only a major center of Jewish thought because it happened to be the first major city in the Midwest.
    8
  881. I don't know where you got that idea. Jews were never banned from Pasadena. I'm pretty sure the entire video disproves that. They were banned from Beverly Hills, which was absolutely not a Jewish-established town. They were also banned from San Marino, as were all nonwhites and non-Protestants. Of course the Supreme Court ruled such ordinances unconstitutional in 1948, and the 1968 Civil Rights Act made it enforcible.
    8
  882. Monotheistic, yes, but not in a supremacist context. I had to thread the needle on that because of the problematic vocabulary. His views were definitely in the minority on that; I'm not even sure they were that popular among the [SPOILER ALERT] anti-Maimonidean faction.
    8
  883. The British perspective on this has opened my eyes to how it was viewed at the time: as an inhumane policy to get rid of an unwanted minority.
    8
  884. I'd love to see an entertaining analysis of Sicily's economic decline in the early modern period. When Benjamin of Tudela visited it was at least as wealthy as Genoa and maybe even Venice. I'm not saying the expulsion of the Jews caused Sicily's decline, the decline started before that. But considering the impact it's had on the the Americas, I'd be curious to know what happened.
    8
  885. The French Reformed Church is indeed the Protestant Church. It did still exist in France, though much-diminished, its members were generally supporters of the Jewish cause, and their organization was the model for the Israelite consistory.
    8
  886. Oh, that's because my great-great-great-great-great-great grandfather was named Aron, and after the PLC was partitioned, his son had to adopt a family name and used his patronymic.
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  887. Yes. Roma and La Condesa are virtually indistinguishable from central Tel Aviv, except the buildings are prettier.
    8
  888. I’ve never encountered any particular animosity towards the Iranian people or culture at large. We love the culture, and Jews and Iranians abroad usually get along very well due to shared experiences and values. The is a general understanding that the issue is the government and not the people.
    7
  889. My all-time favorite use of voiceover is The Informant! [SPOILERS] ... As much as it is exposition, it's also just the main character's inner monologue as he gradually succumbs to bipolar disorder. The narration becomes increasingly eccentric and rapid-fire until he can't keep up with his own thoughts. And then when he gets treatment, it's gone.
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  890. And I'm glad you came to this video, because it shamefully gets way fewer views than the Herzl one.
    7
  891. Not in the next episode, but definitely very soon after!
    7
  892. Know that a lot of the history and migration patterns I've spoken about in the three US videos also apply to the UK. They even arrived in both places in the same year; 1654, and both from the Netherlands. Then there was a big wave from Germany and Italy in the late 18th century, and from Eastern Europe in the late 19th. Everything I said about the Lower East Side can also apply to Whitechapel, and the streetcar suburbs to the Northern Line.
    7
  893. Okay, so I was taught wrong how to speak Hebrew wrong.
    7
  894. Yeah, Mexico City felt significantly less “foreign” to me than, say, London.
    7
  895. At the parade I noticed that the engineers, artillery, medical officers, and pilots came in immediate succession. The Aztlan Historian said that’s not a stereotype in Mexico, but now you come at me with this?
    7
  896. The longer videos are just the result of an evolution in style. I think you'll find that most history YouTubers' videos get longer over time. I talked about the Radhanites in my Khazar video.
    7
  897. I've yet to see any evidence of it.
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  898. A lamb is a young sheep; a kid is a young goat.
    7
  899. See the pinned comment. The myth that people with tattoos can't be buried among their fellow Jews is Minhag.
    7
  900. Thanks, though my next special has already been chosen and it isn't the Caribbean. It is in the Americas, though!
    7
  901. If it makes you feel better, felis silvestris lybica is still native to Israel.
    7
  902. Let's just say that Yosef Trumpeldor will be the first figure on my channel to feature in multiple thumbnails.
    7
  903. Economically. The GDP per capita wouldn't be nearly high enough without it.
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  904. I’m curious to know how much Shamir knew about US immigration policy at the time. Much harder to immigrate legally in the 1980s than in this era. FWIW, after WWII lot of people in Congress worked very hard to keep as many Holocaust survivors out of the US as possible. They claimed it was to prevent a Communist revolution in the US. We’ll get to them.
    7
  905. He refers to my misspelling onscreen. Despite having a massive head start on making this video, technical difficulties still managed to turn the editing process into an unpleasant race against the clock.
    7
  906. https://youtu.be/lpKi5tmZVRk?t=568
    7
  907. That's true, but there's another dimension, which is that Hadrian was broadly very unpopular throughout the Empire by the end of his rule. Only in the 18th century, when Edward Gibbon included him among the "Five Good Emperors," was he rehabilitated.
    7
  908.  @redcoat4348  Two if you include Robert Graves.
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  909. No, that was very much the intention. It's a running joke.
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  910. ​ @yourgod010101  That's all relative. Obviously the laws vary by country but there's absolutely cases to be made in a lot of places for indefinite resettlement as refugees. My great-grandfather fled conscription into the Imperial Russian Army by going to the US and he certainly never went back. Likewise there are a lot of Russian Jews fleeing to Israel right now (maybe most at this point?) due to the war with no plans to ever return. The trouble is making a distinction between actual dissidents and apolitical draft dodgers, but there's plenty of legal precedent for that.
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  911.  @batya7  Unless you’re Israeli, most of us have different names in Hebrew vs. Vernacular. Sometimes it’s just a straight biblical translation, sometimes it’s something completely different, like how Queen Alexandra’s non-regnal name was Shlomtzion.
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  912. City maps or regional maps? The regional maps are the property of Omniatlas (https://omniatlas.com) but the city maps are mine alone.
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  913. We need more recognition for Peter Drucker. If his star had risen like that of Milton Friedman, the world would be a better place. ETA: Also Nicholas Barbon, who was very much a precursor to Adam Smith.
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  914. No, I just happened to be there.
    7
  915. Apparently Sephardim have IBS too. And it is a nerve disorder, so it doesn't really matter what you eat. I grew up eating basically nothing but spicy food. Lactose intolerance, however; that's just a "vast majority of non-Europeans" thing.
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  916. I love John Adams. It takes a fair amount of historical license, but it’s largely with the aim of demystifying and de-mythologizing popular images of the founding of the US, and bringing it back to a human scale, which is commendable in its own right. It comes back to Nick’s point about accuracy vs. truthfulness.
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  917. Kneel before Zog
    7
  918.  @UsefulCharts  ​ Plus I don't think my channel is what anyone would call pro-Herod.
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  919. Well Atlanta became a big city again. And things changed a lot in the 1950s and 1960s. The film version of Driving Miss Daisy gets a lot of shit, but it hits way differently in its original form as the last part of a trilogy of plays documenting the history of Jews in Atlanta. What I find much weirder is the disproportionately small size of the Jewish community in Los Angeles, which already was a large industrial city by this time. The community there didn't catch up until the 1930s.
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  920. That's why I didn't use that image as a guide. Also I think it's goofy-looking.
    7
  921. Presumably to avoid too many people walking around with identical first and last names.
    7
  922. תודה! אחזור לזה בסרטון הסיכום.
    7
  923. Absolutely. Also, just by virtue of the amount of time that’s passed, you could say the same of everyone. People constantly moved around and mixed.
    7
  924. @gabitamiravideos Romaniotes spoke Yevanic, a Hebraized version of Koine Greek.
    7
  925. I sincerely doubt Magnus Hirschfeld was having that kind of influence on working-class teenagers in 1930s Cleveland. I suspect that the main factors were a combination of (1) the comparatively early onset of secularism in the Jewish world and (2) the fact of being a minority often subject to discrimination and hostility but (3) spanning a broad socioeconomic spectrum rather than a systemic underclass.
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  926.  @TerenceClark  There were at least two contributing factors: 1. The 2000s saw a big vogue for string theory. 2. The 2000s saw a big vogue for anti-heroes, and the closed time loop is very conducive to stories where the protagonists are horrified (or at least surprised) to discover that they are responsible for everything that's happened, which you can only do so much of before it gets old.
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  927. You say "ruling class" as if the Union didn't have the people on its side. It was a popularly-elected government. There were no longer any wealth-based restrictions on voting. The South seceded in opposition to that popular choice,. And they lost.
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  928. Correct.
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  929. I'm not religious. Secular Jews are the largest demographic.
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  930. That's more of an America-specific thing, feeding into the hierarchy of "who arrived first" with the Western Sephardim at the top and the FSUs at the bottom.
    7
  931. Probably the 1880s; all the others were. I used to give historic walking tours of Downtown LA, so I knew all about this at some point.
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  932. I wish I'd known about ANZAC Day so I could release it yesterday.
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  933. He also blamed Jews for the Second Boer War. But at the same time he was righteously furious at his countrymen who launched their own pogrom in Limerick just a year after this.
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  934. 1. That is from "Return of the Conversos," and the punishment visited upon Da Costa is in fact verified by primary records of the Maamad. 2. Since at least the Herodian period, I have listed my sources in the credits of each video and provided links to them in the description.
    7
  935. I mentioned in my second video on Jews in the US, "Minhag America," and got my information from Jonathan Sarna's American Judaism.
    7
  936. Pausanias, 2nd century.
    7
  937. Milan is a bigger mystery. We have no shortage of sources from Italy– probably the most of anywhere in Europe. And Milan didn't escape the plague, it just had a 50% lower mortality rate. It's known that the infected were walled up in their rooms and left to die, but we also know that that wouldn't have worked since the disease was spread by fleas and rats, not human-to-human contact.
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  938. You're correct in that both languages were used interchangeably in Old Judea. My Hebrew education 20 years ago was rooted in outdated information.
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  939. He thought France would be the main mover– they had after all been the main western player in the Ottoman Empire since Napoleon. The British were surprisingly inactive in the Levant– Prussia, Austria, Russia, and the US all had more interests there at the time.
    7
  940.  @thecoloroctet1365  The Uganda Scheme was merely a response, one of many that will be detailed in the video. Also, it wasn't actually in Uganda. Herzl was just overeager and uninformed. Which is unusual for him, I know!
    7
  941.  @Tofu_va_Bien  It's 71% but it is treated like 100%. As for the Irish-American question, I've seen it phrased that Irish-Americans have no cultural connection to Ireland because they're not leftist enough? And that they just wish they were Irish "because America has no culture (other than war)." So that's the prevailing attitude I'm used to encountering.
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  942. Now you know how my Israeli viewers feel all the time!
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  943. A non-acquaintance might think it was an offensive stereotype rather than how I learned to converse in high school.
    7
  944. "Russian World"
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  945. This is (1) before they fully settled the far south and (2) during the War of the Pacific.
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  946.  @omegapc9520  New York's subway system is certainly extensive but it's also currently falling apart.
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  947. You must work amazingly fast.
    7
  948. Resh as a uvular trill does originate in a Sephardic dialect, but it's that of Iraq, and it only became standard in Hebrew in the mid-20th century.
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  949. I'm aware of this and will try to do more research in order to address it in the next recap.
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  950. This will probably come back if I ever do "Robert Moses vs. Victor Gruen."
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  951. Yes; the two elders in the foreground are my great-great-grandparents. My grandfather was born three months after this was taken and was the first in the family to be born in the US. During my recent visit to the US I visited the house where this was taken as well as the house where he was born. All the Aronows lived in Humboldt Park, which was/is quite a nice area and a far cry from the stereotypical tenements of New York.
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  952. We don’t consider ourselves to be two different ethnic groups. It’s actually quite annoying when outsiders characterize us that way.
    7
  953. The congregations were self-organizing. If you could have a minyan, you could have a service.
    7
  954. I'm smiling but I'm very fooking furious.
    7
  955. She thought he was a characterless dilettante, whereas Montefiore was the brains— and got his start in the tea business.
    7
  956. Blucher! (Neigh)
    7
  957. It's a reference to a video game that came out before you were born.
    7
  958. I'd like to apologize on behalf of my home state, California, which was apparently one of the main centers of financing for the PIRA in the 1990s.
    7
  959.  @Spearca  It is, but this list is just of cities proper, not metro areas. Metro areas were ranked as such: 1. 🇮🇱 Tel Aviv-Center (158) 2. 🇺🇸 New York/Tri-State (162) 3. 🇺🇸 Baltimore-Washington (75) 4. 🇺🇸 Los Angeles/Southland (68) 5. 🇬🇧 London Commuter Belt (60) 6. 🇮🇱 Haifa Metro (57) 7. 🇺🇸 Greater Boston (56) 8. 🇺🇸 Chicagoland (43) 9. 🇺🇸 SF Bay Area (42) 10. 🇮🇱 Jerusalem Province (37) 11. 🇨🇦 Greater Toronto (36) 12. 🇺🇸 Delaware Valley (34) 13. 🇩🇪 Greater Berlin (23) 13. 🇦🇺 Melbourne (23)
    7
  960. Just wait until we deal with the fact that היכל and בית מקדש are the same word in Germanic languages...
    7
  961. Oh, I don't have any particularly close relatives in this one. Golda Meir comes closest, her neice/ward Rochelle Lehrer being my mom's neighbor as a child. I guess there's an implied family connection via my great-grandfather being involved in Poalei Zion Cleveland.
    7
  962. There were also pro-war conservatives.
    7
  963. ​ @DodgyDaveGTX He would be except that he's Catholic and from Somerset. Honestly, and many people have pointed this out, Rishi Sunak is an even more stereotypical British politician: born in Hampshire, married for money, and a career politician whose sole professional experience outside of politics is in finance.
    7
  964. Congratulations, my friend!
    7
  965. I suspect it was just being used synonymously with "Greater Syria."
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  966. Back when Israel and Poland were friendly with each other, they jointly released a commemorative stamp in his honor.
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  967. I looked it up and there have been six respondents to my survey in Malaysia.
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  968. I have so many source maps for these illustrations that there's no question of where the urban boundary was, what was built in Tel Aviv when, or where Sarafand was. Husseini went back and forth; it wasn't just a big, amorphous "1920s" and that will become very clear in this series clear. As to the casualties, revenge killings are killings, so deal with it.
    7
  969. I'm left as shit, but Jabotinsky > Ben-Gurion. I went through the same "oh, turns out I hate this guy" research phase with DBG as I did with Herzl. Lib-left Zionism should have been the way. Yitzhak Ben-Zvi and A.D. Gordon knew what was up.
    7
  970. Right, this is what I was alluding to with "these were not going to be like the rabbinates of old." What I had in mind was the Maamad of Amsterdam, which was supposed to have a mix of rabbis and laymen but was quickly totally taken over by rabbis.
    7
  971. In the modern age of the nation-state, a plain reading of Jeremiah comes off as the worst kind of self-criticism: smug, lacking in empathy, and crossing the line into high treason. This is what stuck out to me most; he was not merely a critic but an active Babylonian collaborator and accelerationist. If he was alive today he'd be a frequent guest on RT.
    7
  972. I'm going to know about Europe's only Semitic language. I just have to. Plus the current US Secretary of Transportation is the son of a Maltese immigrant and speaks Maltese.
    7
  973. I wrote this before and I'll write it again: Jack Benaroya came from Alabama and his parents came from Lebanon.
    7
  974. I agree with basically everything you said– early Lutheranism embraced and the Patriarchate of Moscow still embraces a very broad definition of Replacement Theology, and while that's never dominated in Catholicism, it's definitely existed within it. This will become important in my next video.
    7
  975. הפרש. It's a title, not a name, like הכהן or הלי. This will become relevant several centuries down the line.
    7
  976. Success!
    7
  977. I was aware of Wergeland but indeed was unable to include him by name for the sake of pace. So too am I aware that Quisling wasn't part of the NS while serving in government; otherwise I wouldn't have said that the NS was never elected to national office.
    7
  978. The Rambam was very much of the opinion that making aliyah was a mitzvah; as pointed out by another commenter (in Hebrew), he stated that it was better as a Jew to live surrounded by gentiles in the Land of Israel than surrounded by Jews in diaspora. But at a certain point, the idea of the land as the center of Jewish culture in the presence was no longer realistic and, as you say, a certain quietism evolved– the messiah would take care of it and anything that happened before that was part of God's plan. The Rambam's influence on conversos returning to Judaism would end up contributing greatly to the rise of secularism and start to eat away at that quietist orthodoxy, in contrast to the contemporaneous massacres and messianic mania seizing Eastern Europe, but I am not remotely ready to delve into the 17th century yet.
    7
  979. Eh? Washington Square isn't a Jewish neighborhood and there is no synagogue there.
    7
  980. Makes sense since she can't even get a bus to hit on her.
    7
  981. No it isn't; the Tories as an institution go back at least to the 17th century. You can argue whether the post-Stuart Tories truly represent a continuation of that, or if are really a conservative offshoot of the Whigs, but the term was in use to describe the precursor to the Conservative Party long before Disraeli was born, such as during the American Revolutionary War.
    7
  982. Actually, the next one will go almost everywhere except Ashkenaz.
    7
  983. I made a video about it! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gv90iYHJkX8
    7
  984. We're talking first cousins at the very closest here. From there, once the starting population gets so low, distant relatives stop being genetically distant. Something I didn't mention is that DNA testing companies often give Ashkenazi Jews false positives for close relatives who turn out to be like 5th or 6th cousins, and that's because of the Founder Effect.
    7
  985. It is believed that the mausoleum of Mordechai and Esther has been misidentified and is in fact the grave of Shushandukht.
    7
  986.  @stiffjalopy4189  I actually thought his strongest moment was on guns. Vance had no idea about Gus' experience or that Walz would know about Finland.
    7
  987. My schedule is to release a video twice a month, which is not necessarily the same as every two weeks. And these two videos were simply as long as they needed to be.
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  988. From what I read it sounds like Matzpen simply were Maoists. And anyway I'm much more entertained by Semitic Action (a bunch of ex-fascist neopagans who took a hard left turn and now wanted an already-independent Israel to be annexed by Iraq).
    7
  989.  @whathell6t  Yeah but the Dankal is also opening.
    7
  990.  @arrowfilms133  That's not what he means. Schindler's List is a true story. He's engaging in Holocaust denial.
    7
  991. Unfortunately, It is not in my power to choose the number of ads. But I'll see what can be done about their placement.
    7
  992. Yeah, this is exactly the period wherein we have the least evidence with which to draw statistical analysis.
    7
  993. More or less, though it's interesting to note that the Imperial Census of 1897 still counted them separately from other Jews.
    7
  994. Check out my other videos. You’re missing an entire history of geographic shifts and ascribing way too much of a coherent, American-ish concept of “whiteness” to times and places that didn’t have it. As it happens, the Jewish population of Europe only grew to be the majority in the early modern period, as Jewish communities elsewhere shrank due to the Little Ice Age. As for Russia, Jews literally weren’t allowed to live outside the former borders of Poland & the Ottoman Empire that Russia had conquered.
    7
  995. And less than a month to convert Utini Atoll into a droid recycling facility.
    6
  996. Eh, I had a datlash roommate who knew no history at all, Jewish or otherwise.
    6
  997. Originally I believe, but I’ve seen more people adopt the terminology recently.
    6
  998. Philly people are repping Philly. And if they represent any specific political ideology, it is broadly socialist. They're not beating up antisemitic fans from a rival, right-wing Philly team that doesn't exist.
    6
  999.  @jayt9608  Not exactly. In the South what happened is that opposition increased after the Civil War. In the north at the same time it decreased, but would go back up later on. I’ll get to all this eventually.
    6
  1000. You're correct, and it's precisely because the US was never dominated by a single denomination of Christianity that the separation of church and state is far more passive in nature.
    6
  1001. You're correct, and for that reason I was very careful with my words.
    6
  1002. I think that context is reasonable. This was a response to a lot of random comments I was getting from evangelicals who kept putting the name in all caps, a la "Y****H loves you!" It's part of a larger phenomenon that I (and anyone who is openly Jewish on social media) have experienced that I discuss more in the recap video.
    6
  1003. I hope to be in Haifa again at some point. How shall I reach you?
    6
  1004. It's not an f, it's a ſ, and it was standard in the Latin alphabet until the Napoleonic Wars.
    6
  1005. Actually, very few Kaifengim live outside Kaifeng, even now. Also: Kaifeng Jews are only one part of the landscape of Chinese Jews!
    6
  1006. As it happens, I will not be covering the Sassoons and Kadoories because Hong Kong as far as I'm concerned is its own thing, and Hong Kong's Jewish community was actually quite small until the 1970s. I'm talking about the much larger communities of Harbin and Shanghai.
    6
  1007. That would be like the religion question times ten. It's just too complicated and not very useful.
    6
  1008. The whole mess we're in can be traced back to Australopithecus.
    6
  1009. That's a very 20th century American/British idea of race and obviously not something 19th century Russians were thinking about. As I said in this video, non-European cultures within the Empire (which included Jews) were very looked down upon, and later there was a very strong sense that Russians were racially superior to neighboring Asian states as well. With that said, people of Asian descent who fully Russified were not terribly discriminated against. So a fully assimilated person with East Asian facial features wouldn't have been a big deal– it was actually pretty common for such people to be in positions of prestige and power. The Russian Empire of the 19th century didn't have zero black population, but it was very small and I have no idea what their social status was. I get the impression that they were mostly assimilated into local cultures.
    6
  1010.  @-scrim  I think you'll find that race is whatever institutions need it to be for a specific time and place. A hundred years ago, Adam and I weren't white in America. In the country where I now live, I'm not white because "white" is not a relevant category for this society. According to the US census bureau, anyone with ancestry in a Spanish-speaking country is "hispanic," yet in those countries no such category exists because it doesn't need to. You see how this is dumb? Race isn't just a social construct, it's an imposition.
    6
  1011. Mitad Californio, mitad Caló. Sueno como el Príncipe y el Mendigo.
    6
  1012. I will when Ukraine is independent (both times).
    6
  1013. Oh, that was just a joke for History House Productions. But for my family the horse thing does go back at least to the 1790s.
    6
  1014. I looked it up and the spelling in Arabic is similar enough to edda in Hebrew that I would assume they are cognates.
    6
  1015. I would sincerely hope that suffering isn't all you're getting out of it.
    6
  1016. The Antonia fortress was further north, on top of what is now the Via Dolorosa. We know the Temple was built over the Foundation Stone because after it was destroyed, the Katz would annoint it with oil on each Tisha B'Av.
    6
  1017. It wasn't from English, it was from the Persian "Temur-lang." Though they are related.
    6
  1018. Usually I can tell in old black-and-white photos (especially after 1920) who has red hair due to the unique quality of how the light scatters on it (Storrs, for example). This apparently wasn't one of those instances. And you are correct; I found a description of his hair and eyes in his New York Times obituary.
    6
  1019.  @patriciakeys4873 Yes. It’s called code switching. Anyone of mixed heritage could have informed you. It’s not malicious, it’s necessary for functioning in society. For example: me right now revealing my own mixed heritage for the first time in public to defend someone else who goes through the same very normal thing.
    6
  1020. Not exactly. Very few Jews lived in California outside of San Francisco, especially the south, until the 20th century. Los Angeles' Jewish community lagged far behind its population growth for a very long time. When it surpassed SF as California's largest city in 1917, it still only had half as many Jews.
    6
  1021.  @Rafirafael.1  He has been an ex-king longer than he was king. That's a small club.
    6
  1022.  @nouua6513  The US is a Great Power and there is a perceived social contract there to use that power to enforce international law (the Iraq War being a notable exception) rather than sit it out and smugly ignore the rest of the world's problems like we did in the 1920s and 1930s. Asking a random middle schooler from Fresno to find Algeria on a map doesn't really change that.
    6
  1023. "Conservative" in Hebrew is Shamranit. EDIT: This is not just a literal translation, either. In Hebrew media, the UK Conservative Party is called "HaMiflaga HaShamranit." Inexplicably, they don't do this for the other parties.
    6
  1024. Those are footnotes. If you look in the description, you can see them linked to specific passages in my sources.
    6
  1025. Quick note on the Jewish War: most of the Jews were already living outside of Judea at the time as a result of the Hellenistic period. Some of the defenders of Jerusalem were sent as slaves to Rome (and the Jews of Rome today can still trace their specific ancestry to them!), but most of the general population stayed. In fact, after the Kitos War, Hadrian had many of the Jews of the Diaspora repatriated to Judea, only to betray us again by building a temple to Jupiter on the Temple Mount. This led to the Bar Kochba revolt, the bloodiest of all the Roman-Jewish wars in which hundreds of thousands died. At this, the Romans forbade the Jews from entering Jerusalem and spitefully renamed the province Syria Palaestina after the ancient Philistines. That was it for a while, but the Sanhedrin kept operating out of Yavne and later Tiberias. In the last big revolt, the Jews with Persian assistance began building a Third Temple but were stopped short when the Byzantines retook Judea. By this point, the Jews of Judea were only a small minority of the Jewish population worldwide, but Judea remained majority-Jewish or nearly so until being almost wiped out in the First Crusade. A small but visible community called the Old Yishuv remained present until the Napoleonic Wars, when diaspora Jews began returning in larger numbers, leading to the Zionist movement in the late 19th century.
    6
  1026. Steve Kaczynski The British issued a moratorium on refugees to Palestine not long after this as well. The Yishuv Government then adopted a policy of defying the ban and sneaking in while collaborating with Britain in the fight against Germany. But the Revisionists refused and kept targeting the British.
    6
  1027. Basically, yes.
    6
  1028.  @cv990a4 I suddenly understand why Australians who come here all become pitchers or catchers.
    6
  1029. At the time you commented this, my analytics page said there were 2.5k.
    6
  1030. It was simply far away and there wasn’t much reason to go all the way over there.
    6
  1031. Protestant interest in the Jewish tradition was generally relegated towards removing what they saw as innovations/corruptions/pagan influences by the Catholic Church. So most Protestant Bibles are based on the Masoretic Text rather than the Vulgate, the Puritans banned Christmas because it wasn't in the Bible, etc. It wasn't out of any favorable attitude towards Judaism or the Jewish people.
    6
  1032. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XFEAzP1Zm-A
    6
  1033. February 1919: US prepares to drop soldiers into Metz by parachute!
    6
  1034. Well I learned about it in high school history– and from people I knew whose grandparents fought in it– but don't thank me, thank Omniatlas!
    6
  1035. I highly doubt the story of the menorah returning was invented by rabbis, as the person who documented it was Justinian’s own court historian. The Avot of Rabbi Nathan the Babylonian says it’s still in Rome, but that was written long after all of this, and the titular Rabbi Nathan whose information is being commented on was a Tanna who died centuries before.
    6
  1036. John Dee was the guy who coined the term "British Empire." Mind you, this was over 100 years before "Britain" was a country, but he did get to see England become a Great Power. He was also that guy who was played by Richard O'Brien in Jubilee.
    6
  1037. You're correct; the previous video in this series was all about this.
    6
  1038. The Naturalization Act of 1870 was in place and preserved much of the stuff in the 1864 act. And only Chinese were blocked– there was quite a wave of Japanese immigration that will become relevant in a future video.
    6
  1039. I had no idea about Papiamento and I'm going to file that away for future reference. Thanks!
    6
  1040.  @Black_Caucus  Correction: they DO live in the 1950s. Most cities had extensive public transport networks prior to the 1950s.
    6
  1041. The standard version of the Humash Rashi is indeed on the Targum Onkelos, but in the interest of historical linguistics he frequently cross-references the Hebrew text to determine meanings.
    6
  1042. My uncle was recently driven out of his home in Georgia (St. Marys) after people kept vandalizing it and is now moving back west. But at least it isn't Florida.
    6
  1043.  @earlforman3030  I think Chaucer mentions them. And also there’s the Old Jewry in the City of London. Like I said, they pretty much all went to France, and only a few years later went to Spain. If you want to know more about their ultimate fate, check out my video “The Sephardic Silver Age.”
    6
  1044. I don't know where you get that. American farmers in the North were significantly more activated against slavery than their urban counterparts precisely because of the unfair playing field that slavery created. Abolishing slavery had virtually no immediate impact on American industry, as freedmen typically continued to live in the rural south and work in agriculture until the 20th century.
    6
  1045. Dutch also copied it.
    6
  1046.  @ikr9358  Oh goodness no; the minhag of the Beta Israel is way more consistent with Second Temple Judaism; it just never got the Talmud or subsequent consensus writings (why they were so isolated when the Indian Ocean trade was right there is something I hope to research). First Temple Judaism wasn't even technically monotheist.
    6
  1047. Ya(ir)
    6
  1048. Let's keep in touch. I have half a mind to start a "Jewish History on the Road" series when the pandemic is over.
    6
  1049. Maybe, though I hadn't thought of it specifically. The Hundred Days will however get its own episode and I think you know why.
    6
  1050. Not a follow-up exactly. See, this video was just a bonus. I came to Nevatim to do research for another project which I alluded to in a community post.
    6
  1051. That was by no means consistent across 1500 years of Jewish history in Europe. Jews made up a huge segment of early converts to Christianity, and there were a lot of mixed children born out of wedlock in the Middle Ages. Remember Alfonso Enriquez? Plus, it didn't take that many; remember Charlemagne was only one guy.
    6
  1052. That’s San Pasqual.
    6
  1053. It's just because of his name. I was tired and losing my mind.
    6
  1054. Essentially all of this statement is factually incorrect. There was hardly any Jewish immigration to the US after World War II, and indeed hardly any after World War I. Classical Reform Judaism has consistently become more traditional and conservative, not less, and Radical Reform literally has not existed since 1937.
    6
  1055. I’d sure like to! It originally was just a New York thing and arose out of segregation in real estate.
    6
  1056. Why can’t I do both?
    6
  1057.  @cwac  Thank you for alerting me! It will be rectified when I get home!
    6
  1058. Wood for the US, brick for the UK, concrete for Russia, jade for China.
    6
  1059. It's Israeli-led, but almost entirely funded by American Christians. Some political parties get a lot of unofficial financial support from them too.
    6
  1060. The Ashkenazi-Sephardi split will be covered in the Early Modern Period.
    6
  1061. Yes. The distinction itself is based on minhagim (minor, legally meaningless distinctions in tradition), which is by nature rabbinic. Karaites are not considered to belong to any specific edda. At this time period, the main distinction was between Sephardic and Mustaarabi eddas (and a few other, smaller ones) with the Ashkenazim firmly within the Sephardic sphere.
    6
  1062.  @michaelodonnell824  From 1787-1803, the Great Lakes Region was administered as the Northwest Territory, being the Northwestern Part of the US as the Mississippi River was the western boundary of the country.
    6
  1063. There was more to his thoughts on the Persistence of Judaism than I had the space to discuss here. He believed that Jewish communal separation was an equal and opposite force to persecution, and that the adoption of secularism would void any such cultural distinctions. Secularism and the nation-state were both inventions of his own lifetime and he could never have forseen that a huge segment of the Jewish public would follow in his lead and still be able to be part of a coherent Jewish community.
    6
  1064. תוקן.
    6
  1065. This is like a mix of my native accent, but it is the way I've basically always spoken as an adult. They are both American accents. I'll have to explain this at some point, won't I?
    6
  1066. @João Ribeiro Not a huge amount of demand, but this channel certainly has fans in the Arab world.
    6
  1067. That is a feature that YouTube offers and I took it.
    6
  1068. I would disagree with this. The eruv is strictly for the benefit of expanding the definition of "the home" to encompass areas that make it possible to, say, have your keys in your pocket outside on a Saturday. That is a choice. Jews did not choose to live in ghettos, they were forced, just as minorities historically have been forced into certain areas. The area could not be expanded as the population grew; it was not a nice place to live. So I would not analogize it to a gated community.
    6
  1069. Nah, I decided a while back to go ahead with the rest of the unit because the next video will be a crossover.
    6
  1070. Or in the case of London the beginning of their power.
    6
  1071. This is actually very interesting because I hope to (eventually) do a video about why the 1960s experienced an explosion in the popularity of Jewish culture in America. There is no obvious impetus in the context of Jewish history, so Nesya and I have been discussing it and we've hypothesized (1) more Americans being exposed to Jewish perspectives through the GI bill and unexpectedly relating to it (2) the coming of age of a new generation of Jewish-Americans who didn't have the same anxiety about having their sense of belonging questioned. And that's how Fiddler on the Roof became the highest-grossing American film of 1971.
    6
  1072. I'm watching the count as we speak.
    6
  1073.  @israelilocal  2,500 in 1910 (36th place), according to the American Jewish Yearbook.
    6
  1074. Nah, I hated doing that and that's why I stopped.
    6
  1075.  @andrewsuryali8540  Exactly. Even now, when Jewish emancipation is the norm worldwide, the US, Canada, and Australia are alone in having no rabbinates of their own; each synagogue is its own supreme authority. And although the vast, vast majority of American Jews today do not descend from these colonists, the absence of a rabbinate has had enormous consequences for how Judaism has evolved in the New World.
    6
  1076. Yes, I was going to say his nationalism was more Bob Hawke than Pauline Hanson.
    6
  1077. As if the Norman yoke wasn't enough...
    6
  1078. Controversial within the country, not internationally, and because of current events, not historical ones.
    6
  1079. The meanings of the English "genius" and the Hebrew "gaon" overlap but don't have exactly the same meaning. "Gaon" has connotations that English isn't linguistically capable of. I said the same thing about "molad" in the comments of Name Explain's latest video.
    6
  1080. Mr. Beat has a good video about this. Basically they are just a family that established numerous banks around western Europe in the 19th century, and they were by far the most successful Jewish family to do so, so white supremacists and later other conspiracy theorists accused them of being part of a Jewish plot to take over the world...by expanding credit and supporting more democratic regimes.
    6
  1081. Specific to Texas, I think there's been a little overcorrection. Certainly the expansion of slavery was the aim of one of the factions of Texas Revolutionaries, and ultimately the ones that took power and purged the other. Luckily the Seguín stuff is starting to see the light of day. That's also why I made sure to mention all four California rebellions, as a rejoinder to those who only know the last one and assume it was purely a US-sponsored land-grab.
    6
  1082. No they do not, nor do I speak the way I did growing up in Pasadena. This is the accent of someone who grew up in Pasadena, overcorrected and ended up sounding posh, and then spent six years in a non-English-speaking country.
    6
  1083. I will explain this in my recap video on Friday.
    6
  1084. It was in English.
    6
  1085.  @zarathustrasserpent1850  But I'm speaking English.
    6
  1086.  @ItsBofu  Bernie Sanders is only the 3rd-most left-wing US Senator. It's just a branding thing.
    6
  1087. There's definitely an Ethiopian Jewish center in Beersheba. Most other groups are pretty large though, so there's not much call for an outright museum.
    6
  1088. That and there were Russian ships stationed there.
    6
  1089.  @poodypooroo Tommy Tallerico? Your mother must be very proud of you.
    6
  1090. Nah, fuck landlords.
    6
  1091. I would call The Big Short Adam McKay's least-bad movie about politics and/or real events. Vice and Don't Look Up were extremely revelatory about how little he understands the issues he cares about and the strange degree to which he holds the general public responsible for the problem. But the seeds of that attitude are definitely here.
    6
  1092. True. But I think you've got it the other way around. I'm not using the series to talk about my family, I'm using my family as an example to talk about how these events were experienced by ordinary people.
    6
  1093. Spencerian or GTFO.
    6
  1094. I'm from a Chicago family, buddy. But not yet.
    6
  1095. Come now, that's clearly a heptaceratops.
    6
  1096. Sadly, I hardly have any time to read anything that isn't for work. But yeah, Odessa was always a big deal that way.
    6
  1097. She’s five days older than me.
    6
  1098. "The fantasized to be part of that world, wrote fanfiction, dressed up as characters and went out of their way to meet actors." This isn't a commentary on Rowling, but I think this helps articulate for me why I steadily lost enthusiasm for the Harry Potter franchise, even as I continued to read each of the books as they came out, because wanting to be part of that world helped me realize that it's also an incredibly small world. This is going to sound super-nerdy, but once you take into account the fact that every wizard or witch in the British Isles with its 70 million people must be a graduate of Hogwarts, and you know roughly how large a graduating class is, the whole thing kind of collapses in on itself. And all of the media since that's built on that has only demonstrated that flaw. What began for me as a world of surprise and excitement began to feel claustrophobic and sad for this community of people totally disconnected from the wider world. And when there are adults out there for whom the Harry Potter franchise is their only way of relating to the world, or who at least choose to express their relation to the world in that way and that way alone, is just depressing.
    6
  1099. Neither.
    6
  1100.  @Artur_M.  Joselewicz will also return, but in a different video.
    6
  1101. I found the CGI blood distracting in the theater. But moreso the movie is just all over the place in terms of writing.
    6
  1102. And how much is public disillusionment with Abenomics and the government deflecting from their continuation of it by dealing very publicly with the Moon issue.
    6
  1103. That is literally correct
    6
  1104. I still don't understand why you would want your consulate to circumvent fire codes.
    6
  1105. Marion Cotillard sent me here.
    6
  1106. The double-headed eagle was the flag of Rûm, not the Seljuk Empire proper.
    6
  1107. Not only is it still in operation, but the current site on Central Park West was designed by Louis Comfort Tiffany (he of the lampshades and civil war swords).
    6
  1108. Moses Hess certainly believed Judea was a proto-socialist commonwealth, building on Spinoza's concept of Judaism as a constitution. But Hess took it too far IMO. Judea still had a monarchy, theocracy, a hereditary nobility, and truly horrific wealth inequality.
    6
  1109. Yes. Since BDT is our only source, we don’t know what they called themselves.
    6
  1110. I've made several. In fact, my most recent video is about Jews in the Ottoman Empire. I have a whole playlist on West Asia; try starting here: https://youtube.com/watch?v=gv90iYHJkX8&list=PLSmG0ySpQbe6vjceKqfTstG-mCM70tfqS&index=36
    6
  1111. Before 1898, the city of New York was just Manhattan and the Bronx. Brooklyn was the fourth-most populous city in the US at that time, which is why it had its own (multiple) baseball teams.
    6
  1112. Yes! And "Luzzatto" meant "from Lusatia!"
    6
  1113. I understand the instinct, but that's kinda like calling medieval England the United Kingdom.
    6
  1114. As someone who’s been exposed to far too many neo-Nazi talking points, you’d be amazed the mental gymnastics they go through to claim that the side that lost weren’t losers.
    6
  1115. Thanks, I gotta start somewhere!
    6
  1116. My great-grandparents were born in the Pale. Everyone after was born in the US.
    6
  1117.  @tobys_transport_videos  Washington DC was also burned down in the war, and Michigan and a fair bit of Ohio was occupied by the British, who also made an expedition down the Mississippi. It all started with us trying to conquer Canada (for the second time).
    6
  1118. I went to Mexico to find them.
    6
  1119.  @GermanConquistador08 Oh yeah; this is the shortest I could make the video without reducing the topic to a complete abstraction. Any longer, however, and it would be just an endless list of names and dates like my (awful) Iran video.
    6
  1120. It's not something I missed so much as something I needed to save for later because, although it originated in the Third Aliyah, it's more relevant to this discussion as part of the economic/political diversification of the Yishuv.
    6
  1121. Ignatius Donnelly said cities are inherently anti-American, so everyone* needs to go back to a life of patriotic yeomanry. *”everyone” to him meaning white non-Jewish non-Italian Protestants who aren’t from the South and prefer silver over gold as the optimal reserve currency.
    6
  1122. Yes, I make my own. That way they will have a uniform style and always show what I need them to.
    6
  1123. 4:39 "Your mother was a hamster and your father smelt of elderberries!"
    6
  1124. Oh my God Red's hair really is that long.
    5
  1125. Under Jewish law, which is still binding for matters of family law in Israel and is practically required if you are religious, a husband must grant a ritual divorce (get) to his wife. Now, historically it has been within the bounds of Jewish practice to coerce a man to grant a get, but now in Israel it can be punished with a fine or imprisonment. Based on what I've seen in the news, it would appear that he could not grant a divorce without leaving Afghanistan since no rabbi was in the country to preside over it. Simintov also reportedly wanted to settle his debts to various neighbors in Kabul before leaving.
    5
  1126. You’re correct that this was a mistake. I’ll address it in my recap.
    5
  1127. The Hadrianic Persecutions, at the end of this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r0qjv3nP3Ig
    5
  1128. They're the same thing; Kahen is just the Hebrew-derived term while Qes comes from Qasis, the word for a married Ethiopian priest in Ge'ez.
    5
  1129. Tel Aviv has a public square named after Masaryk, seemingly just because he visited once. I now understand why.
    5
  1130. In brief, both. See my video “Jewish Emancipation in Britain (1815-1858).” It also briefly discusses the situation from 1654 onward. It’s notable that Jews were invited back to England.
    5
  1131. Hot take: no superpowers could exist until permanent contact was achieved between the Old and New Worlds.
    5
  1132. Not at all; biblical literalism, or at least the method of interpretation that denies being an interpretation, is not a Jewish tradition.
    5
  1133. No, the meaning is very well-known in English. And nobody would ever use "kid" to mean child in the Bible. The English is very formal in the same way that the Hebrew is.
    5
  1134. If you're going to apply modern standards of data collection to antiquity, you could say that about almost anyone of the time who wasn't a political or military figure.
    5
  1135.  @theklorg305  Well, the term also means "current" or "latest;" it doesn't perfectly translate.
    5
  1136. Fun fact: the story of Samson is probably heavily influenced by Mycenaean Greek heroics– the Philistines being a Mycenaean people. ... And yes, you can find out more about this on my channel.
    5
  1137. Not that significant. Most of them ended up in the Balkans; a decent chunk in Hungary, and a small number in southern Poland.
    5
  1138. Hadrian's wall wasn't a defensive barrier. It was just a border demarcation.
    5
  1139. My money's on birds dominating the next round.
    5
  1140. Maybe, but an audience being interested in something doesn't make it easier to produce engaging content about it, especially when it's a departure from your typical subject matter. Just look at when HTME created his own alphabet.
    5
  1141. Love it. If we rabbis in Israel were elected by the public we'd have full Laïcité by lunchtime.
    5
  1142.  @EladLerner  To further elaborate, the big surge in Los Angeles' Jewish population mainly took place between 1920 and 1950, mainly due to economic migration by Jews from the Midwest working in heavy industry– such as my family. It's oft-overlooked that Los Angeles is actually one of the main industrial centers of the US, and only avoided the fate of the Rust Belt due to being near the busiest port on the continent. But that's a story for another time.
    5
  1143. 1. Basic is not necessarily bad. 2. One of the big influences on this channel was OSP, and when using Waltz No. 2 I'm trying to convey the same cozy yet mysterious mood that they do when they use it. Whenever I use music from other YouTube channels, movies, video games, TV shows, I'm trying to convey same tone that those media had when they used it.
    5
  1144. The pressure was from England, the Holy Roman Empire, and France.
    5
  1145. Apparently they didn’t feel that the Trastámaras could be trusted without eliminating their non-Christian populations.
    5
  1146. Well this time I'll make sure to get to the Art Institute on time. I didn't make it during my visit last summer.
    5
  1147. It is my intention to do so when I reach World War II.
    5
  1148. The short version: under Emperor Alexander III, the Yiddish-language press was once again restricted to just a couple cities, of which Vilnius was one and quickly became the main publishing center because it was a mostly Mitnaged (neither Hasidic nor Maskil) community and didn't experience much violence. It was also very close to the border with Prussia, where a fair number of authors had fled to avoid censorship.
    5
  1149.  @krombopulos_michael  Don't forget the whole poop thing.
    5
  1150. No, I earned that.
    5
  1151. The way I describe him here is important context for the next video...
    5
  1152. I will rename this Corrections and Questions.
    5
  1153. I don't know about the others, but the Franciscans initially weren't great with us and there were no Jews in England during the time of the Lollards.
    5
  1154. I use Adobe Illustrator for both the city and regional maps, with the regional maps based on templates provided by Omniatlas (another website definitely worth a look). What's the book?
    5
  1155. All I see is Adam Chase.
    5
  1156. In the US and Canada, Hanukkah is traditionally a gift-giving holiday.
    5
  1157. I didn't actually know that Michael Ignatieff is his descendant; I was just making a stupid joke that you're the first person to notice.
    5
  1158. You’ll be interested to know that Alabama was the third US state ever to elect a Jewish congressman. Unfortunately, and for predictably but very bad reasons, Southern attitudes toward Jews became much more hostile after the Civil War, while at the same time antisemitism in the north was rapidly declining. We’re gonna get into it.
    5
  1159. It was mentioned in my main source, Gershom Scholem's book, which is linked in the description. Unfortunately for most of my viewers, there's a lot in the book that relies on primary sources that have never been translated into English– a very common occurrence when covering this period.
    5
  1160. Two Steps from Hell– "A Hole in the Sun"
    5
  1161. My mistake. It will be corrected in the recap video.
    5
  1162. Enlighten me.
    5
  1163. Ironically, the first WWI video will be about Bundists in the Ottoman Empire.
    5
  1164. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PYX1aYwjxAg
    5
  1165. Forgive my for misremembering when I wrote the script: this seems to have been Urban's own inference, and it makes sense, but I don't know that Alexios actually explicitly promised it.
    5
  1166. I've heard a lot of back-and-forth as to whether the authors of the scrolls actually were the Essenes, so I decided to avoid the issue. Josephus FWIW writes of the Essenes being quite wealthy and corrupt by the time of Herod, and that they weren't celibate as otherwise indicated.
    5
  1167.  @themanhimself3  Ritual halacha only applies to Jews. In Jewish theology, non-Jews only need to follow seven very basic moral laws given to Noah. Also mixed fabrics and tattoos were only ever self-policing violations and weren't subject to trial by an ecclesiastical court. Also the prohibition on mixed fabrics only applies to wool and linen.
    5
  1168. I did find it strange, considering that Lithuanian was never even an official language even in Lithuania.
    5
  1169.  @edcal33166 He has no charisma, so yes.
    5
  1170. Though I didn't encounter it in my research, it's almost certain. The 1938 Race Laws expressly affected Jews living in Italy itself (a tremendous controversy even within the Fascist Party), so I can't imagine Ethiopia being any different.
    5
  1171. It was already signed into law, and far from “Israeli-style,” it’s basically what we have in California. Judges are nonpartisan, bar-approved, and elected by the public. And judges overseeing organized crime cases are now anonymous. Previous to this judges were very easily bought off by cartels and politicians. In Israel, the alleged “problem” is that the judges aren’t corrupt enough.
    5
  1172. I'm going to address this specific issue in the next recap video, which should arrive in late February.
    5
  1173. Hi.
    5
  1174.  @yaaqov1  We're verging on a very dangerous semantic argument of "what is a monk?"
    5
  1175. See my video "Roman Exile."
    5
  1176.  @aviad950  That isn't as clear cut as you think. One should also keep in mind that this survey asked for party preference from all respondents, not just Israelis (though even among Israelis the results skewed further left than current polling).
    5
  1177. Not at all, certainly not in the Ottoman Empire past the 18th century.
    5
  1178. I won't; this is not an appropriate place for it.
    5
  1179.  @sentient3408  I read that as him speaking about ancient Jewish fighting forces more generally.
    5
  1180. You will find I have an entire episode dedicated to Hyrcanus as part of my Hasmonean series preceding this one. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G9P6rsYb4Ik&list=PLSmG0ySpQbe51uif8vvWhRVCERBm-sEnE&index=15
    5
  1181. I can't believe you didn't mention that Nelson Rockefeller (probably) died while having sex with his mistress– one of the most legendary deaths in American political history!
    5
  1182.  @equplaying4970  It's all in the end credits.
    5
  1183. Adobe Illustrator. However, the map templates are property of Omniatlas (https://omniatlas.com/ )
    5
  1184. NL– Los Angeles Dodgers AL– Chicago White Sox (RIP Sam Aronow the Elder) CCL– Arroyo Seco Saints (Pasadena) NCAA II – Cal State LA Golden Eagles/San Francisco State Gators NPB– Hanshin Tigers Israeli (2007)– Tel Aviv Lightning Israeli (future)– Andromeda Jaffa WBC/Olympics– whichever countries you wouldn't expect to be there; failing that, Canada and Mexico.
    5
  1185. I’m saving that for a future video when it will be relevant. But I’ll just say this: Geva Parashim.
    5
  1186. It would be poetic if that’s the Kadesh they meant to go for. But it might be a reference to the ancient Judean village whose site today straddles the border between Israel and Egypt, today known as Kadesh Barnea.
    5
  1187. Okay, I just watched that sketch, and wow, that would never even be allowed on American television! Which I think demonstrates the cultural difference.
    5
  1188. And you'd be right. I think the platform overall has much more to say about Gilded Age sociology than it does about Judaism, so it is certainly historically interesting, but religiously I think its importance is overrated.
    5
  1189. The latter.
    5
  1190.  @gsherman9133  My lifestyle 🗑🗑determines my deathstyle. My lifestyle 🗑🗑determines my deathstyle...
    5
  1191. Gentile, not gentle; as in it fully separated from the Jewish community. I am no defender of this movement.
    5
  1192. According to the Talmud, this was a reference to Micah 3:12. It implies to me at least that he was extrapolating from the description of Jerusalem as like a high place in a forest.
    5
  1193. @last Mammoth Kabbalah is kind of a next-level thing with its own texts, but while it has existed for much longer the most popular stream, Lurian Kabbalah, is contemporary with the Shulchan Aruch.
    5
  1194. Proudly adhering to Betteridge's Law.
    5
  1195. Patreon doesn't really offer a one-time donation option. That's why my PayPal link is also in the description. Merchandise is also an area I'm eager to do more of, though I'm too swamped with work to deal with it right now.
    5
  1196. In fairness, Edmund Barton was no George Washington. I suspect a lot of this has to do with Australian independence being a slow transition as well as previous generations' aversion to engaging with the country's convict origins.
    5
  1197.  @johnkilmartin5101  That's because it only applied to the Carolinas and Georgia, whose convict descendants flat out denied their convict origins and insisted that they were descended from Norman nobility as part of a wider justification for slavery.
    5
  1198. The Canning Stock Route.
    5
  1199. There was another such time that I will eventually talk about. It was called the Battle of Monte Cassino. Also Giacomo Segre's son Roberto Salvatore Segre was a general in the First World War.
    5
  1200. No, it's there. It's just mostly covered by the Lake of the Woods.
    5
  1201. Voted the worst independent bookstore in America due to systemic wage theft!
    5
  1202.  @dalegaliniak607 That’s because “white” is just the absence of racialization. It can be given or taken, ask anyone who’s white enough for the census bureau but not the country club. Currently cultural identity doesn’t have a prejudged category to push back against.
    5
  1203.  @מ.מ-ה9ד  Yeah, plus Gaon implies a certain amount of wit or daring. I'm not sure what to call it in English.
    5
  1204. About that new apartment...we're going into a second lockdown, so I don't think I'll be going anywhere soon.
    5
  1205. Well, I don't like it either– in Israel it's a huge problem for the spread of misinformation and lack of local accountability. But that is how the system works here, at least for now.
    5
  1206. Well, like Zionism, Irish nationalism (1) spans the entire political spectrum and (2) went through many changes as the exact legal nature of Ireland's relationship with the UK changed. Irish Republicanism actually kinda died out for a bit after Ireland was annexed into the UK and Catholics were given the right to vote. Also, according to an associate of mine in Ireland, the IRA's changing attitude towards Israel apparently has more to do with spite for one particular British-Israelist Protestant militia than anything even notionally related to the I-P conflict.
    5
  1207.  @johngillespie3409 Most major American cities have flags.
    5
  1208. Damn hippie needs to class it up!
    5
  1209. SPOILERS ... ... ... In that case you have two videos to look forward to.
    5
  1210.  @joachimschoder  It belongs to the international community, who already signed (along with the US) a treaty on international copyright law that Congress was merely complying with.
    5
  1211. Benjamin counted 1,800 Samaritan families, so around 7,200 individuals, which is honestly impressive considering how few there are today and how utterly devastated they were in the later Roman persecutions. As for the Jewish population being mostly in Asia, the Little Ice Age had a profound effect.
    5
  1212. The short answer is no. The long answer is yes, but not to the same extent as in the US or Canada, which tends to be overstated anyway. Foreign policy typically takes a backseat in the popular politics of every country, but Mexico's neutral and the government's position since World War II has basically been that any conflict outside of the Americas is none of their business. As in Canada and a lot of European countries, there is a subset of political junkie in Mexico who harbors ambitions to make their country much more diplomatically and militarily influential, but unlike in those countries, such people in Mexico are almost entirely on the political right.
    5
  1213. In case anyone was wondering, the Fifth Monarchists suffered a fate poetically similar to Zvi and were prosecuted for treason.
    5
  1214.  @jeffmoncalieri7491  because there is only one capital-T Temple.
    5
  1215. Thiers.
    5
  1216. You ought to know that Kan is region-locked and you need to set your VPN to Israel just to watch any of their content (including news). It is my eternal frustration. It's like an inverted Great Firewall.
    5
  1217. What you are describing is the Tisch Family Zoological Gardens.
    5
  1218.  @jlokison  As a Californian who attended elementary school in the dark days before anyone cared about La Soberanía, I had something of the opposite experience. I was taught from an early age that we were bizarre Mediterranean aberrations who barely deserved to be called Americans. We learned all about East Coast nature and weather and indigenous peoples, and all we ever learned about California was Missions->Gold Rush->Japanese Internment, the end.
    5
  1219.  @samhaine6804  Also: Yitzhak Navon was President, not Prime Minister. Also also: are you thinking of Ehud Olmert? In both cases, Americans sometimes make them French by assuming the "t" is silent.
    5
  1220. That is a six-pointed star, but it is not a Star of David any more than an old-timey Sheriff's badge is a Star of David. It is a common misconception that any equilateral hexagram is automatically connected to Judaism.
    5
  1221. All of it.
    5
  1222. It's not frowned upon anymore; it's just that hardly anyone knows the language.
    5
  1223. Make sure to disable your motion smoothing!
    5
  1224. No. I've discussed German antisemitism in other videos. The term "antisemitism" itself is German in origin, having been created in the 1870s to sound more "scientific" and thus more rational than the more religiously-evocative Judenhass.
    5
  1225. Not a real person per sé, but a representation of real people– the Jewish light cavalry fought for Poland right to the end. And also a setup for a stupid joke.
    5
  1226. Their situation was effectively the same as in Austria: no citizenship, but no ghettos or identifying clothing or anything like that.
    5
  1227. I've known all of this since I was a child.
    5
  1228.  @davedark27 Yes, and I forgot. But I’m at the Dodger victory parade so I’ll fix the subtitles later.
    5
  1229.  @Aelffwynn  "Yes, Rowling has explicitly stated that she views people buying her products as support for her views." I think she's forgotten that the general public aren't her characters.
    5
  1230. My tripod was broken, so it was the only way I could get myself in frame.
    5
  1231. Sorry, I should have realized that. This refers to the Hundred Days Offensive, the final offensive of the Western Front that began with Amiens.
    5
  1232. I'm watching this on the Palestine Front.
    5
  1233. Austria-Hungary didn't really need a flag because it was two countries (well, three, but you know what I mean).
    5
  1234. On the one hand, I do remember him talking shit about "Jewry" once. On the other, it was the Puritans who invited the Jews back to England, in part out of spite for Catholics, and the Witchfinder General is clearly living in an era after that has already happened. If I had known more about the Jewish situation in England at the time, I would have asked him a question about it in that Q&A video a while back?
    5
  1235. Labor are not Marxists. In fact it became clear early on that, despite being a nominally Marxist party, only a tiny fraction of the membership of Poalei Zion (the first political party of the Yishuv) weren't Marxists either and thus left to form Hapoel Hatzair and Ahdut HaAvoda. This will be covered in greater detail later.
    5
  1236. Right, they would have applied for that, in the same way you apply for a driver's license. It isn't forced. I looked into this via the USCIS and it would appear the trope of the Ellis Island Special originates with an overly literal reading of "our name was changed," implying a lack of consent that wasn't the case.
    5
  1237. This is Eccleston Erasure.
    5
  1238. Maybe? One of my greatest frustrations living in Israel is that, not having grown up here, I don't know what people are taught in school.
    5
  1239. I wonder how much of it is generational or geographic. I did know one kid growing up who learned Ashkenazi Hebrew, but she was the only one. My mother and uncle learned Ashkenazi Hebrew c. 1955/56 (this is all Southern California), but I have only heard it spoken by Haredim and the grandpa from Rugrats. My synagogue only taught modern Hebrew– not just in an Israeli accent, but a four-year course in fully modern conversational Hebrew.
    5
  1240. This is the first I'm hearing of it!
    5
  1241. There's a microtrend of American white nationalists immigrating to Norway and Sweden as an imagined paragon to be redeemed by spreading their beliefs.
    5
  1242. And period-appropriate!
    5
  1243. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23614676#metadata_info_tab_contents
    5
  1244. It's the other way around. The IRA only switched sides on the IP conflict during the Troubles, as one of the Protestant Militias were British Israelites and flew the Israeli flag due to that.
    5
  1245. That…certainly sounds like something that would happen in Gupta-era South Africa. I’m a loyal codeterminist, so Andromeda Jaffa will be co-owned by me, the players, and the fans.
    5
  1246. https://www.kosherdelight.com/Japan_Japanese_Occupied_Shanghai_Ghetto.shtml The wording as reported here is under a lot of contention for being anachronistic, so I used the alternate quotation.
    5
  1247. That was just a dumb joke.
    5
  1248. All my music cues are listed in the end credits. This is "Starfall" by Two Steps from Hell. You may recognize it from some of OSP's videos.
    5
  1249. I was promised cat DNA.
    5
  1250. I hat e to tell you, but the story of New Mexicans being crypto-Jews is almost entirely untrue– in fact, people of Jewish descent were explicitly banned from settling in the New World by Spanish Authorities without express permission from the King himself. A six-pointed star is not at all unknown in Christianity and has only become more exclusively Jewish since the 16th century. This idea mostly originates with some bad 20th century pseudohistory.
    5
  1251. Yes, this is something I didn't feel was appropriate for this video, but something I'd like to come back to in videos specifically about Operation Solomon and its aftermath. Since this is part of a collaboration emphasizing pre-20th century sub-saharan Africa, I was very conscious of having to limit the 20th century discussion to no more than a third of the finished video.
    5
  1252. Also: 90% of Poland's Jews died in the Holocaust.
    5
  1253.  @Seahorse20  Yes, I've mentioned him in a couple videos! The short-lived baseball team Tel Aviv Lightning were nicknamed the Nordau Street Gang.
    5
  1254. Almost certainly, and soon.
    5
  1255. 10:23 I don't know where you got that crazy map, but it hurts.
    5
  1256. Well, some of it will, but your comment on the legislature is a misunderstanding. The Assembly of Representatives wasn't the parliament of Palestine. That would be the Palestine Legislative Council, in which the majority of elected seats were explicitly reserved for Arabs (this was also a bad system but will be explained next time).
    5
  1257. The Egyptians came in in the mid-19th century...
    5
  1258. I'd actually expect the opposite;if opinion polls in Israel are any indication, there's been a clear shift leftward. Also keep in mind that the vast majority of respondents aren't Israeli to begin with. Why yes, I will be voting for Gen. Golan in the Labor leadership election.
    5
  1259. Bukhara only came under the Russian sphere of influence in 1868, and from that point on it was Ashkenazim who began migrating there. Nobody wanted to move from Bukhara to the Pale.
    5
  1260. Monash also tends to get downplayed outside of Australia as a major player in the war, especially by the British. That may play a part.
    5
  1261. This isn't true and I've covered it before. Evangelical American support for Israel in any significant about only really dates back to the late 1970s. Prior to this it was more of a progressive cause than anything else. They just claim to have been the first Zionists and anti-Zionists uncritically accept this for political reasons.
    4
  1262. I have, but calling them "the first Zionists" is misleading. I've sometimes compared it to crediting Pete Townshend of the Who for inventing the internet because he created a very similar concept for the aborted 1970 rock opera Lifehouse. The Jewish movement developed independently and grew out of a lot of proto-Zionist thinkers of the mid-19th century (both secular and religious) like Moses Montefiore, Moses Hess, and Yehuda Alkalai.
    4
  1263. Yes, fixed.
    4
  1264. Interestingly, Israel's strengthened military position after the crisis really began to undermine Ben-Gurion in Israeli politics. He could have remained Prime Minister forever owing to his position as the founder of the country, but his own political allies became much more frustrated with his continued militaristic posturing, as they (rightly) felt it was getting in the way of domestic priorities. This eventually led to his ouster in 1963.
    4
  1265. Not the 19th century. The 17th. The Maskilim were already criticizing their fashion for being 150 years out of date. We'll get there.
    4
  1266. He never had a problem with Islam. The entire strategy of solidifying relations with the "non-Arab belt" of Muslim countries was his idea. The conflict didn't take on a religious dimension until the Iranian Revolution of 1979.
    4
  1267. Circa 200 BCE. Second Temple Period, not First.
    4
  1268. I wonder if that’s the case at the LaSalle synagogue. We’re doing an On the Road video there.
    4
  1269. Yeah, my problem with peacetime sanctions is: look what it’s done (or hasn’t done) to North Korea. On the other hand, current sanctions against Russia have materially harmed its ability to fight, to the point that they’re constantly running out of weapons and ammo.
    4
  1270. Charlie Chaplin was Romani.
    4
  1271. “Of course crystal skulls are real. Could you make one of these?” “No.” “Could anyone?” “Yes.”
    4
  1272. I challenge you to find police anywhere besides the South Lake Panda Express. Especially when you call them.
    4
  1273. Thanks. These specials in particular take as long to make as they take to come out, even working on them full-time, which is why I'll be glad to finish for a good long while after China.
    4
  1274. "Some Fundamentals of Jewish Demographic History" by Sergio DellaPergola, Hebrew University Jerusalem. I disagree with his findings in two areas and account for the difference here. He accepts Benjamin of Tudela's secondhand report of 455,000 Jews living in modern-day Saudi Arabia when there were likely next to none, and he posits the presence of 7,500 Jews in non-Balkan Eastern Europe a century before the Statute of Kalisz. (PDF) https://www.bjpa.org/content/upload/bjpa/dell/DellaPergola%20Some%20Fundamentals.pdf
    4
  1275. ​ @stephencody6088  I'm a millennial and I was left on my own by 8. Hell, I now live in a country where kids are let loose in the city on at that age.
    4
  1276. I'll probably find out soon, as I'm looking to move onto one.
    4
  1277. Recruiting prisoners worked so well for the Battle of Fishguard.
    4
  1278. I’m liking this now because you probably won’t like some of the things I have to say in the coming Russia video and I hope we can be okay after that.
    4
  1279. Yes, mostly in the Galilee, as that area hadn't been ravaged in the Hadrianic persecutions. That's why the Great Sanhedrin relocated there afterward. And a similar pattern emerged as the community rebounded from the First Crusade.
    4
  1280. 7. Not 7%, 7 individuals.
    4
  1281. It's an archaic term for an area of land in English, like the Pale in Ireland. Keep in mind that English was not used by locals :)
    4
  1282. All of these groups were at various points separate and united. However, all of these groups, including the mainstream RSDLP, were dwarfed by the SR/Trudoviks, which we'll get too soon.
    4
  1283. About a month, working full-time. I’ll be working on one video while researching for the next one. These specials take a bit longer though, which is why I don’t do them very often.
    4
  1284. 1. We didn't. The two have been used interchangeably since antiquity. 2. Its entirety. 3. You'll just have to wait and see.
    4
  1285. 1:40 Grant?
    4
  1286. Yes, prior to WWII, over 90% of Jews in Los Angeles lived in Boyle Heights, and Belvedere (now East Los Angeles) had the fourth-largest Jewish population of any municipality in California. Most left for the Valley after the war, but my family stayed behind.
    4
  1287. My great-grandfather moved to the US in 1911 when he was drafted to serve in the Russian Army. Unfortunately, Jewish man whose number came up after emigrating, even if years or even decades had passed, was considered an illegal draft-dodger, leaving his father with an enormous fine.
    4
  1288.  @michellesmith7704  The President is not an Emperor. Congress, state and local government, and local referenda matter.
    4
  1289. I pick up on this in the recap video; unfortunately there's no further info about the menorah in the historical record, or I would have included it here.
    4
  1290. 1. I currently expect to mention it after the war. I even foreshadowed it in the Nili video! "...As we shall see after the war, the overlap between Jewish and Arab nationalist interests in 1917 wasn’t actually the existential turning point that later events would suggest." 2. I will go into greater detail on the Holocaust, but not exhaustively so, lest we spend whole years on it. The Second World War should also have an equal if not slightly greater amount of coverage of Jewish perspectives in the war itself, among the Allies and the Yishuv. Many people in Israel or among Americans who are not Jewish forget that the experience of most Jewish-Americans' (or Jews outside Europe generally) experience of that time period was as soldiers, sailors, marines, and airmen and their families. My grandpa Sam was an essential worker in the US, uncle David served in China and the Philippines, and my uncle George served in the final downfall of Germany. Operation Torch, the Liberation of France, the Liberation of Italy, the Palestine Blitz, and the Manhattan Project are all full of fascinating Jewish stories I hope to tell when we get to them.
    4
  1291. I did; it's addressed in the corrections video.
    4
  1292. It's literally just that Mr. Show sketch "Two Young People and their Companions."
    4
  1293. Officially, Jews were equal under national law but there were still certain barriers in place at the local level.
    4
  1294. I don't think it's incorrect; it's only incorrect when wielded as an inverted "No True Scotsman" fallacy by which the entire spectrum of Zionist thought and activity is reduced.
    4
  1295. That’s everyone in every country.
    4
  1296. Many of his personal letters were kept by his nephew and given over to historians in the 1980s and 1990s. Their journey is actually detailed in Steven Zipperstein's Pogrom: Kishinev and the Tilt of History.
    4
  1297. Not in the slightest, from what I hear.
    4
  1298.  @islammehmeov2334  I did one recently in my WWI series!
    4
  1299. There’s a chance. A couple, in fact.
    4
  1300. I was more implying that that was the inquisitors' thought process rather than that of the conversos themselves.
    4
  1301. Probably, but it wasn’t certain; they didn’t even have blood tests back then.
    4
  1302. I think it ought to be noted that, while New England was once dominated by congregationalism, Colonial America was always much more religiously diverse than the rest of the British Empire. New York alone had 14 houses of worship representing 11 Christian denominations, plus Judaism, with much the same in Pennsylvania. Unitarianism was rapidly eclipsing Congregationalism in New England by the time of independence; Huguenots were in basically every coastal city, Maryland was mostly Catholic, Baptists were just all over the place; there were Jewish communities in New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island (until independence), Virginia (after independence), South Carolina, and Georgia; and even a scattering of Muslims.
    4
  1303. It's not a typo; that's what they were called.
    4
  1304. I'll be honest; I avoided this video for a long time because I assumed it was a meme video.
    4
  1305. What about the Southwest though?
    4
  1306. You're mistaken. The office of Grand Mufti was established by Storrs' short-lived predecessor Louis Bols in an effort at building a political alliance with the Husseinis. Cities had had muftis, but by establishing a Grand Mufti, Bols was attempting to elevate Husseini to a national status. Nashashibi, meanwhile, never served as Mufti, except arguably in 1951 as custodian of the Waqf.
    4
  1307. I meant that it was a mainstream phenomenon west of the line and a niche phenomenon east of it.
    4
  1308. tl;dr I talk a lot more about demographics in my videos on Benjamin of Tudela, the Safed Circle, and Shabtai Zvi, as well as my recap of the Silk Road Trilogy. If this is something that interests you, I strongly recommend that you check them out. The short version is thus: the Jewish population as a percentage of overall population was actually quite a bit larger in antiquity than it is today– maybe 1% of the global population in the year 100! So it was a good starting point. By 1000, it had dwindled down to around 1 million, which for the time was still pretty good. However, there was was a much lower infant/child mortality rate among Jews specifically in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth between the Black Death and the Industrial Revolution that accounts for Ashkenazim being about half of Jews today; conversion was almost unheard of as medieval Christian and Islamic societies generally enforced the death sentence for apostasy.
    4
  1309. Fun fact: the first paratrooper drop was planned for the Western Front in February 1919, only for the war to end too early.
    4
  1310. Sinzheim's answer to that was a simple no. He said it with many more words, but it was one of the most straightforward questions.
    4
  1311.  @MarcosElMalo2  This is basically my take. Noam Chomsky is just an embittered Stalinist lost causer. Bernie Sanders, on the other hand, is a left-wing pragmatist only slightly out of the Democratic mainstream; if you look at his voting record, there are a few Senators that are further to the left than him, so the perception of him being is more "socialist" is just branding. Where I take issue is his presidential runs, in which context his otherwise admirable tradition of "keeping the door open" did little else but attract extremists and grifters.
    4
  1312. No, because those people were no longer Jewish. There are also doubts about those numbers, since people of Jewish descent in Spain and Portugal were normally banned from settling the New World.
    4
  1313. ¿Por qué mo? Soy hijo de la Grán Latinoamérica.
    4
  1314. Oh goodness no, the worst are yet to come during the Civil War.
    4
  1315. So historically most Hasidic groups were anti-Zionists, but the ones that are really vocal about it nowadays are Satmar, the largest Hasidic dynasty and one of the most extreme. There's also, Neturei Karta, who are Mitnagdim but ironically go way beyond anti-Zionism and are basically the Jewish version of the Westboro Baptist Church, to the point of celebrating terrorist attacks on other Jewish groups and flirting with Holocaust deniers.
    4
  1316. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sascha_Brastoff
    4
  1317. Must've been last week, when they put out a new album.
    4
  1318. What are you talking about? Most of the Radical Reform synagogues of this era still exist as Classical Reform congregations.
    4
  1319. My favorite Onion headline is "Next Tarantino Movie An Homage To Beloved Tarantino Movies Of Director's Youth." And ten years later, it actually came true.
    4
  1320. That's San Francisco Bay. The Pacific Ocean is on the far side of the city, where it is very cold and windy and exposed. The Bay is the only reason the city is there.
    4
  1321. https://www.sefaria.org.il/Rosh_Hashanah.2a?lang=en
    4
  1322. The extremely loud fandom who feel the need to compare everything that happens in the world to Harry Potter, no matter how relevant or apt, don't help either.
    4
  1323.  @CivilWarWeekByWeek  In addition, my party is the only party holding primaries for the leadership (last week) and the party list (tomorrow; whoever gets the most votes gets a higher spot, except for the leader and her personal faves. Everybody chooses five and I've gotten my five locked down). And we're choosing a new President in June. And the Palestinian Authority is holding elections as well.
    4
  1324. Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews.
    4
  1325. He didn't accurately predict World War II. Most importantly he never foresaw the emergence of fascism of the Soviet Union and thought Italy would be an allied power. He was basically imagining a continuous, generation-spanning Napoleonic-style conflict but with Germany at its center instead of France, and despite being very interested in the US never foresaw its rise as a Great Power active in Old World affairs.
    4
  1326. "Do you know what the punishment is for treason?" "First time!" "I've never heard of a second!"
    4
  1327. They weren't allowed in Ireland at the time, having been expelled from there (as well as from England and Wales) by Edward Longshanks in 1290.
    4
  1328. Eventually. But I have to get there first.
    4
  1329. Only via Amazon right now, unfortunately. The Amazon.co.il rollout seems to have been a bust.
    4
  1330. 0:48 That perfect curve! The one from my dreams!
    4
  1331. Israelis sincerely seem to believe that all of America is New York. They’re in awe that you can get anywhere in the US by train.
    4
  1332. There would have been a referendum for Kurdish independence in the north, but it was pre-empted by Ataturk's uprising. Ditto Wilsonian Armenia.
    4
  1333. Shawarma in Israel costs ₪25 (~€6) in a pita and ₪35 (~€9) in a laffa.
    4
  1334. I'm monitoring the election but haven't done any significant research yet. You might also want to take a peek at what's going on in Jamaica.
    4
  1335. I have: "Return of the Conversos (1497-1677)."
    4
  1336.  @a.maskil9073  Amazing to think he would have easily gotten a kidney transplant today.
    4
  1337. My sources were also confusingly worded and I got mixed up.
    4
  1338. I know, I pointed that out onscreen; it was just too complictated to explain through narration.
    4
  1339. The Masoretes merely assumed that Tiberian was closest to Biblical and Mishnaic Hebrew by virtue that it was the version spoken in the Land of Israel at their time. In fact, the prestige dialect of a language’s homeland is often the one that has experienced the greatest phonological change. You can see this today in languages like English, where tiny islands on the US coast still speak in the accent of Shakespeare while the speech of London today would be unrecognizable to him (if still understandable).
    4
  1340. Mime. Mime never changes.
    4
  1341.  @Yitzhak480  They're actually the first episode of the Early Modern unit, but yeah, it'll be a long recap.
    4
  1342. Well, that's not really what I meant by "the explosion of Jewish culture." I meant more expressions of overt (not just coded) Jewish characters, stories, and themes in popular culture that ended up being really successful, starting with 1965 (IMO the Jewish-American Year) and concluding roughly with Seinfeld. I suppose Larry David and Sacha Baron Cohen are still carrying the torch, but when I was a kid it was everywhere and it was big in a way that just doesn't exist anymore. Judaism was still America's "third religion" in the manner first characterized by Eisenhower.
    4
  1343. She would have liked Chumbawamba. And disliked all the anarchists who hated them for having fun.
    4
  1344. It's all in listed in the end credits, friend.
    4
  1345. Political norms don't necessarily align with public opinion. In fact they rarely do. As I said, Britain in this period was the least antisemitic country in Europe, yet was a relative latecomer to Jewish emancipation. In Ireland, negative attitudes towards Jews on the street were actually much more prevalent (and still are, though not overwhelmingly so)– yet Jewish emancipation was a mainstream issue decades before the rest of Europe.
    4
  1346. @Mark Simons Both are illegal under the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment to the US Constitution and the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1968. It is legal only for private clubs to discriminate; governments and businesses cannot.
    4
  1347. Yes.
    4
  1348. The menorah is the seven-branched one from the temple. In Hebrew, a menorah is any device used for lighting. So a hanukkiah is a menorah, but not the menorah.
    4
  1349. Boris Barbasch.
    4
  1350. Not enough Brazilians responded in the previous survey.
    4
  1351. That’s unfortunate, but it’s also not something I have control over.
    4
  1352.  @mikeoxsmal8022  I recall Ian Mortimer saying that prostitutes in 14th century England were required to wear yellow cloaks.
    4
  1353.  @dmman33  “Milton Friedman vs. Peter Drucker” is also a possibility for the same time period. In both cases the wrong guy won.
    4
  1354. We actually did a piece where he died, but the ambient noise was just too much to include. We filmed this the day my video "The Melting Pot" came out.
    4
  1355. *Correction: the PLC was never home to 3/4 of the world's Jews. Its former territories did eventually become home to a slim majority of the world's Jews, but not until the late 19th century, by which time an independent Poland was a distant memory. At the time of the First Partition in 1772, Poland topped out as home to just under 1/3 of the world's Jewish population.
    4
  1356. They made a mistake? That happens all the time. Even using the Bible as a baseline, the Anno Mundi count in the Hebresiw Calendar is off by a couple centuries because the Rabbinic academies of the 6th century massively underestimated the lengths of the Achaemenid and Hellenistic periods.
    4
  1357. The letter is not specific to any book as he never published it himself, it was merely saved for posterity (as were many of his handwritten letters and notes). The English translation I used came from here: https://www.jewishhistory.org/maimonides-letter-to-a-friend/
    4
  1358. And yet you can get anywhere in Israel via public transport. That isn't remotely possible in the US.
    4
  1359. The word "Torah" is linguistically feminine in Hebrew, as are most abstract concepts, so it's natural that someone would literalize it. God's presence– the shechina– gets this treatment all the time.
    4
  1360. We still need to know about John’s vending machine/laundromat obsession.
    4
  1361. That sounds to me like a retroactive explanation. Unfortunately, since the holiday is so old, we'll probably never know for sure what the process was. This is why I don't much care for the First Temple Period.
    4
  1362. You can. But at the very least, you can buy ready-made ציל עוף to make soup.
    4
  1363. HistoricalMinds Looks like there’s a Romaniote synagogue in New York, and it’s the last one in operation.
    4
  1364. Does this mean they're hiring?
    4
  1365. Yes, but she also wanted federal autonomy for Poland and Lithuania.
    4
  1366. We've found a meme god.
    4
  1367. The whole family left.
    4
  1368. Desertification. Europe had its problems due to the Little Ice Age, but they didn't have that.
    4
  1369.  @מ.מ-ה9ד  Yeah, but it wasn't going to be very active until people knew about it through the channel.
    4
  1370. Depends where and when in the US.
    4
  1371. Because of the Beaver Wars.
    4
  1372.  @stereomachine  Money is not the issue, the issue is time, and we can't make more of that.
    4
  1373. Uh...thank you?
    4
  1374. Yeah, I’ve not bothered with “oops, all blue!” in the past and I won’t start now. You don’t see Canadian political parties all being red. Speaking as a dues-paying member of the Israeli Democrats: own it, cowards.
    4
  1375. That doesn't explain the division between the Bund and Martov though.
    4
  1376. And then they reversed again!
    4
  1377. They stuck that landing amazingly.
    4
  1378. Ugh, I lapsed for that moment in the graphics. My bad.
    4
  1379. They’re in the end credits.
    4
  1380. Shi-kaw-go. West side, son.
    4
  1381. Robert Jarman after the Bar Kochba Revolt in 135.
    4
  1382. After researching this video, I was inspired to look into it and discovered that there was indeed a small community of Muslims in South Carolina at this time. They still exist today and are refer to themselves to as "Turks," but in the 18th century "Turk" could mean any Muslim, especially from the Ottoman Empire, so more research is required.
    4
  1383. Paranoia. I got the source image from Adobe Stock. I was very surprised however to find exactly what I needed.
    4
  1384. That actually used to be common. Many US Presidents up to World War II spoke French, German, Latin, and/or Ancient Greek. And Martin van Buren is the only President whose native language wasn't English (it was Dutch; many large regions of the US pre-World War I used other European languages as the common tongue over English). And now it is becoming expected for presidential candidates to know Spanish.
    4
  1385. Yeah, I don't miss that.
    4
  1386. I’m drinking an Israeli beer while watching this and choosing to believe that it too is 13,000 years old.
    4
  1387.  @msba7  it’s linked in the description and the end screen now.
    4
  1388.  @KingOfThePanduz  I will defend the JFK library at Cal State LA any day. Though it needs more entrances and exits.
    4
  1389. Pasadena
    4
  1390.  @Artur_M.  You’re in luck, because all the early sources I found were in Polish, so you’ll find it much easier to access.
    4
  1391. Would you believe that this video will actually cover that election in more detail? And that we'll actually be talking about two elections in the next video?
    4
  1392. Yes, this was a mistake based on my misinterpretation of geneticist lingo. 350 was the effective population, a non-literal term, whereas the actual founding population was closer to 3,000.
    4
  1393. This reminds me of the old Daily Show bit about the attack ads accusing Caligula of being "not that bad!"
    4
  1394. יאללה! אתה עובד איתם?
    4
  1395. "Excellent documentary was done some time ago by KQED/PBS on the history of Jews in SF." That was one of the inspirations for this OTR, and for my segment on SF more generally in "Minhag America."
    4
  1396. Right, calmer. Not treating every development of every hour as the biggest story ever.
    4
  1397. I'm in the process of porting them all over to a new channel. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChm6ruT0nyR-6BceX6qpgdg
    4
  1398. I already did!
    4
  1399. Those aren't the records; the institution of the Rishon LeZion began in the 17th century.
    4
  1400. Wait…Maccabi played at Jackie Robinson Field. That’s in Pasadena, my hometown! Thank you for this information!
    4
  1401. And yet I don’t think there’s a single Jewish figure in this video who wasn’t opposed to the Gold Standard (except maybe Oscar Straus?).
    4
  1402. That wasn't his intention. He was trying to advance like 20 miles every day. That was the problem.
    4
  1403. I’ll get there eventually. Just give me some time to rest.
    4
  1404.  @thedemongodvlogs7671  They’re an old friend who is a great lover of Central Asia and whom I thus let watch early.
    4
  1405. We have no idea. There was no Benjamin of Tudela to tell us.
    4
  1406. Neither did I!
    4
  1407. No. The Temple was where the Dome of the Rock is, and Napoleon never took Jerusalem.
    4
  1408. Walt Disney probably wouldn't– he wasn't actually an antisemite. Art Babbitt only began to say that in the 1980s, having been fired by Disney for leading the animators' strike in 1940. Disney was absolutely a union-buster, but then again Babbitt brought a gun to work and was dating a 14-year-old, so he's not the most trustworthy voice.
    4
  1409. "Judeo-Christian" was originally a post-WWII term that embraced Jews and Catholics as integral parts of American culture and society when they had previously been discounted. Today it is mainly used in the exact opposite way– to tacitly exclude Muslims.
    4
  1410. Well played, sir. Well played.
    4
  1411. I don't think he was intentionally set up to fail; and his appointment certainly wasn't the catastrophe that Allenby warned about. It was just a miscalculation. If perhaps he had been the brains behind the operation while someone else was in leadership, it'd probably have been more successful.
    4
  1412. Correction: Borivoj I was a poor boy from a poor family.
    4
  1413. I thought it was weird too. The synagogue in Barbados has the same name.
    4
  1414. Reel change.
    4
  1415.  @junedewar3551  The Maccabean lineage passed down only through the children of Herod and Mariamne, because Herod had all the other Hasmonean descendants killed. After Agrippa the Great, the Herodian dynasty split into four distinct branches: The Iturean branch, the last branch to actually rule, seems to have died out around the Bar Kochba Revolt with the death of Julia Crispina, granddaughter of Julia Berenice. The Armenian branch, descended from Alexander ben Herod, married out of the Jewish tradition. The Italian branch, led by Princess Drusilla, was wiped out in the descruction of Pompeii. The Egyptian branch married into the alabarchy of Alexandria and seem to have had the last known Herodian descendant, an alabarch named Anastasius who served under the Severan Dynasty. The Egyptian branch is the only remnant of the Hasmonean or Herodian dynasties that could have living descendants.
    4
  1416. Oh, you're going to love the main character of the next video...
    4
  1417. I can't be impartial in this question; I have to rep for Glenville.
    4
  1418. The current President is the son of a father from Ireland and a mother from Egypt.
    4
  1419. 1854
    4
  1420.  @paavoaro003  Tom Scott reference.
    4
  1421. Thank you for hearing me out. I initially made this more explicit, but the Jewish institutions established in 1920 most closely resemble how Bundism was established in the UPR, with a "Jewish parliament" and a "Jewish ministry." So paradoxically, Mandatory Palestine is the only internationally-recognized state in which Bundist principles were implemented. During the 1920s there was a sizable minority of Zionists who considered that mission accomplished, thus arguing in support of an autonomous Jewry within an Arab state, usually a unified Syria-Iraq under Faisal (he liked this idea because it justified his agreement with Weizmann and he thought the Zionists would help him suppress Kurdish nationalism). This included Henrietta Szold (possibly the first American Zionist) and Chaim Margalit-Kalvarisky of the Jewish Colonization Association– yes, the man most responsible for buying Arab land for Jewish settlement opposed a Jewish state. The next several episodes will probably go through all of this.
    4
  1422.  @vidjagameenjoyer  Don't even.
    4
  1423. I used to believe this too, but apparently it's a misunderstanding or mistranslation of Japanese documents. The Imperial Japanese didn't believe that these things were true; they were just researching Imperial Russian propaganda in order to win Jewish support in the war of 1904-05. And they succeeded in doing so! But that's a story for another time.
    4
  1424.  @SecularZionist  Well I've looked at people's opinions on individual issues over the years, and by all appearances they haven't shifted with any significance since the 1990s. What has changed the most is which issues are most salient, how the parties themselves are perceived, people's opinions on Bibi, and all of the above combining to create a rightward social desirability bias– i.e. the longevity of the right in power has created a false perception that the median public have shifted right on the issues. Something very similar happened in the US in the 1920s that we're going to talk about soon.
    4
  1425. No restrictions that I'm aware of. Hardly anyone's visiting anyway.
    4
  1426. What's more, people could see ships disappear and reappear over the horizon. That the Earth was round was never questioned by educated people. The idea that Columbus alone believed this was something American author Washington Irving made up to make him seem more important as a fuck-you to the English-funded explorer John Cabot, who was the first person since the Vikings to spot the North American mainland.
    3
  1427. Courland, like Congress Poland and later the Caucasus, was its own separate carve-out with different rules.
    3
  1428. Oh, quawt it out with this Chicawgo creap.
    3
  1429. It's necessary to have a common system of dating in order to facilitate commerce and knowledge across a globalized society, and the Catholic Church just happened to be the first ones to develop a calendar that matched up with the Earth's orbit. In Israel, we use the Gregorian calendar for business, news, official records, and common speech, and the Hebrew calendar to place all state holidays except V-E day. It's worked out fine.
    3
  1430. This is a great question and I hope someone asks it for the recap. But in the event no one does: I think it was a bit like Salem Witch Trials. The tension was there and something was going to break it.
    3
  1431. I will upvote a THFRO reference anytime, anyplace.
    3
  1432. Who’s here after finding out the Russians tried making tank traps out of fallen tree branches in Chernobyl?
    3
  1433. I'll keep his name in mind when we get to the Paris Peace Conference.
    3
  1434. It was a self-proclaimed Kurdish state and existed from 1927-31.
    3
  1435. I’ve thought about it, but the Scots might take issue with that statement.
    3
  1436. Depends what you mean by "entire family." More distantly we had refuseniks. And this is only one side of the family; my great-great-grandma on the other had to survive WWI and the Russian Civil War and then sneak into the US through Canada.
    3
  1437. Zhug
    3
  1438. Welcome! Family lineage is still traced through the father, with certain exceptions like a family with no sons (and even then not for Levites or Kohanim). Jewishness is traced through the mother, and that began during the administration of Hillel the Elder, toward the end of Herod's reign.
    3
  1439. Here in the Middle East, tea and coffee are both common, but coffee is for the morning and tea is for the evening.
    3
  1440. Sephardic.
    3
  1441.  @Mark_Williams300  But Parliament only became a triannual institution because of the Edict of Expulsion.
    3
  1442. Further than that, even. What Lawrence realized (and Mark Twain saw some fifty years earlier) was that the concept of an Arab "nation" was fundamentally vacuous and rooted in Eurocentric ideas of sedentary temperate and subtropical societies. Arabia was nomadic/tribal and identity in the Levant was driven foremost by one's city. The rise in Arab nationalism on the eve of war was driven by the Young Turks' reforms, which shifted the position of the Ottoman Sultan from a religious leader to a secular, more nationalistic one, alienating the empire's many, many minority groups of which Arabs were the largest– and Arab Nationalists were overwhelmingly Christian. Perhaps a Middle East under Faisal could have been peaceful between neighboring states, but just as likely his Greater Syria would have been plagued by hyper-local insurrections.
    3
  1443. This is true to a lesser extent of New York. My family skipped New York entirely...but my Canadian family does live in Montréal.
    3
  1444. They usually do, and it's not sinister. Originally millennials were known as "yuppie puppies." Which in Hebrew I guess would be גורי מצליחום?
    3
  1445. Hey, I’m from Pasadena. I get it. Relatedly, would you like to help me engineer a hostile takeover of a mismanaged summer wood-bat team?
    3
  1446. No idea; I haven't gotten there yet.
    3
  1447. ⁠ @patria3023 It’s actually related to Schwarzbard. I have no beef with the ARF; I’m from Pasadena, remember.
    3
  1448.  @patria3023 ”Judeo-Bolshevism” seems to be a creation of Denikin and Krasnov. If you want to find an explicitly antisemitic faction in the RCW, it’s the Volunteer Army. In fact their antisemitism and Black Hundredism in general helped seal the Whites’ defeat.
    3
  1449. What about the River of Trajan, the Roman version that connected Suez and Alexandria?
    3
  1450. Classical Hebrew pronunciation wouldn’t be that hard to understand, but you’re assuming that medieval Jews would have been conversational in Hebrew in the first place. Even most of the minority who were fluent I don’t think would have been conversational. And classical verb structure is quite different as well. That said, classical Hebrew would still be much more similar to modern Hebrew than you’d expect after 2,000 years. Somewhere between Icelandic/Old Norse and Italian/Latin in terms of mutual intelligibility.
    3
  1451. I'm saving this information for when we reach the 1790s.
    3
  1452. Have you seen my video "Return of the Conversos?" It briefly touches on the consequences of the war for Jews, particularly in Britain and France, but the truth is that Jewish involvement in the war on a sociological level was pretty minimal. The Second Northern War was a different story.
    3
  1453. Hola (supongo que tu lengua materna es el español), He revisado tu canal y parece que se trata de una cuenta legítima que data de 2011 (con un gusto musical excelente, debo decir). Estoy poniendo este comentario en favoritos para avisarte de que es posible que te hayan hackeado, como lo demuestra este comentario sin sentido. Deberías revisar todas tus cuentas en línea para asegurarte de que no hayas sido víctima de una filtración masiva de datos.
    3
  1454. Although the practice of pilpul is actually quite a bit older, and the Hasidim brought it back after it died out in the early 17th century, the Maharal of Prague is someone I really regret not having done a video on, right up there with Shimon HaTzadik.
    3
  1455. I haven't watched yet, but assume this is about a criminal duo of a Belgian king and a bespectacled adult alternative singer.
    3
  1456. All Jews in Mexico are considered white under the casta system. In the US prior to the 1980s, Jews were considered "conditionally white" in the same manner as Arabs and Italians. Race is a relativistic political concept that varies wildly by country and time period.
    3
  1457. Those are Edot.
    3
  1458.  @tavenstrickert9658  Oh then it's gotta be Boyle Heights. But it's going to be a long time before we talk about that, or Southern California, again.
    3
  1459.  @EladLerner  Oh yes, it’s a very interesting and very disturbing one with dark implications for contemporary America.
    3
  1460. Wait, is this why you asked me about sheep?
    3
  1461. I've been to Netanya twice in my life; once to buy a bookcase from IKEA and once for my book. But Caesarea is very much in the cards, and that's probably the closest site I hope to go for this series.
    3
  1462. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VwlrvAvcO28 What he said wasn't technically wrong in the context of Sephardic migration to Poland in the 17th century, but it's way overemphasized.
    3
  1463. כן, ואם אתה רוצה גרסה טובה יותר אתה צריך להסתכל על המטבע של ₪2.
    3
  1464. See you next time ;)
    3
  1465. "Hard Boiled" by Kevin McLeod.
    3
  1466.  @CartoonHero1986  Yeah, look it up; I'm sure it's here on YouTube. In any case, ferrets were made fully illegal in New York City. California as well. 7th Heaven had a Very Special Episode about why owning a ferret is wrong.
    3
  1467. It would be Nadine Sherman’s Overnight Salad.
    3
  1468. I'm afraid it'll be a while, as I'm waiting until the 1930s before giving a comprehensive overview of the situation in Poland (the same is true of her sister Italy).
    3
  1469. It's neither, actually, but it is kinda related to both.
    3
  1470. It was actually a coincidence. The project was originally scheduled for 23 September.
    3
  1471. I wouldn't speak in OP if I was talking about English history, so why would I do it in Hebrew? Especially when it's my third language.
    3
  1472. Check out my video on the Alhambra Decree. I mention him at the very start.
    3
  1473.  @lonpollard902  As a YouTube creator, I can tell you that this random disappearance is due to random malfunctions in YouTube's comment algorithm and nobody is happy about it. If you were shadowbanned, none of your comments would show up. If you set off trigger words for the channel, they'd be really obvious to you what they were.
    3
  1474. Falmouth or GTFO.
    3
  1475. Thanks for the analysis! This is very useful!
    3
  1476. Well in California last year, the unions of police and sheriffs lobbied aggressively against all other unions to repeal employee protections for gig workers, so this is my experience.
    3
  1477. ​ @asneakychicken322  Furthermore, most slaveowners weren't plantation owners. Though most slaves were on plantations, the majority of slaveowners (some 20% of the overall southern population) owned a single digits of slaves in domestic or business context. Assigning the entirety of slave society to the top 2% is a cop-out.
    3
  1478. I would struggle to characterize Nigel Farage as "posh," he strikes me more as a try-hard. Morrissey is especially tragic though, considering how venerated he was by Mexican immigrants to the US, to the point that he got a statue in East LA, and that he once reciprocated that love.
    3
  1479. It's mine too. In fact, last week I met someone at a party who seems to be my distant cousin, sharing ancestors around this time.
    3
  1480. They say that they're a separate religion and that's good enough for me.
    3
  1481.  @peterdagata1610  I saw it in film school, no less.
    3
  1482. Ironically, the language in which that saying was originally said, Yiddish, never had either.
    3
  1483. Because I'm not reading from a script.
    3
  1484. I'm an idiot.
    3
  1485. Those are the corresponding regional flags of the Austrian Empire.
    3
  1486. Just a layman. The exact process varied by time period and location, but generally speaking the wealthy members of the congregation would agree to choose someone to act as hazan (cantor). After the new constitution was adopted, the Jewish congregations followed suit and made themselves more democratic. Remember, a rabbi is a qualification, not a position. Any adult Jewish man can lead prayer if necessary, provided he knows how.
    3
  1487. Just regular old Adobe Illustrator.
    3
  1488. Trotsky at this time was a very low-level, independent functionary. For most of the period covered in this video, he was exiled to Siberia, and for a good while he was blocked from joining the editorial board of Isrkra due to opposition by Plekhanov.
    3
  1489. There was at least one thing they changed: they observed Yom Kippur a day early to throw off the authorities.
    3
  1490. I didn't claim that there were any restrictions against Jews at this time; only that there were barriers to entry– but they were practical barriers. Anyway, the fact remains that the Office of Immigration continued after the repeal of the 1864 act, and that's what's relevant here.
    3
  1491.  @TerenceClark  For a time in the mid-2000s there was no getting away from Brian Greene.
    3
  1492. My mother as well.
    3
  1493. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23603319?seq=1
    3
  1494. I know enough to hope it’s not motivated by the same kind of news as this one.
    3
  1495. Britain was not the cause. You will see this in the coming months.
    3
  1496. There's no such thing in English.
    3
  1497. That's not my doing; for some reason most comments with links get screened out all over YouTube. Frustratingly the spam still gets through. I'll make sure to look into him!
    3
  1498.  @ruthanneseven  That's actually the legendary origin story of the Solomonic Dynasty, not really related to the Beta Israel, who probably crossed over from Yemen around the same time Jews were also arriving in India.
    3
  1499. What you are describing is the Maccabi Games.
    3
  1500. My email is on my channel page.
    3
  1501. I would actually disagree with what your neighbor said, because most developed both, at least in the US: to want to develop understanding but also be realistic and prepared for when understanding fails. I realize I have just described liberal democracy, but no regrets.
    3
  1502.  @theritchie2173  This may be hard for you to hear, but in most developed countries, cis women can also be convicted of rape.
    3
  1503.  @igalpevsner8699  Israel itself never annexed the West Bank. And very few respondents lived there, far fewer than any province of Israel proper, which makes sense given the broad demographics of the settlements.
    3
  1504. You should see how it is on my end.
    3
  1505. Thanks. A couple days ago, I saw a photo of my great-great-grandfather who was born shortly after the Crimean War and was one of the agriculturalists. Though I'd seen the photo a thousand times, for the first time I made the connection that he was wearing a Sephardic-style kippa, and therefore must have been a Maskil. The world of this episode had been very alien to me– the UK by comparison seemed much more familiar, despite having only intellectual and not familial ancestry there. But realizing that he was a Maskil made it that much more grounded and real to me.
    3
  1506. It’s weird for us too. This is supposed to be the rainy season. No rain this season.
    3
  1507. "Tongva" was only coined by linguist C. Hart Merriam in 1905 after misunderstanding one of his subjects
    3
  1508. To my American eyes, Panama has way more of a trading city-state vibe that's more conducive to that self-conception. Maybe I'll talk about that if I ever do Singapore.
    3
  1509. I thought the only problem with Kohanim was touching dead bodies. That wouldn’t be an issue at the museum.
    3
  1510. I've never gotten that impression, at least at my age. As a child in the 1990s, I was exposed to some of the lingering attitude that the German people were somehow predisposed to imperialism and genocide, but even as an elementary schooler watching events in Rwanda and Bosnia it seemed ridiculous.
    3
  1511. And then in 1975 Kibbutznik Chris Claremont turned X-Men into an allegory for Ben Gurion vs. Begin. AKA the version we know today and assume the comic always was.
    3
  1512. I have ancestors named Red and Black, but they were in Podolia, not Hungary.
    3
  1513. Hey, I went to SF State! Yeah, another problem with the Uganda Scheme is that it's only ever framed from the Jewish point-of-view. As many viewers today have noted, from an outside perspective it comes off as outright inhumane, not least because the same thing is happening right now with the Rwanda Scheme.
    3
  1514. It wasn't really like that. There was definitely a more serious/somber vibe and more of a spotlight on family members of students who were serving, but no rallies or anything. Honestly the most nationalistic it ever got for me in school was 2nd grade (1997-98) where our teacher had us sing a different patriotic song from a Golden Age musical each day. And in 1st grade when we were required to do the Macarena every morning.
    3
  1515. It's unlikely that he would have been a member of the Great Sanhedrin, as it would appear that it had no representatives from the Galilee. He may have been a member of a municipal Sanhedrin.
    3
  1516. Not yet, I’m out of the house.
    3
  1517. It was never my intention to suggest that any of the people you name were Karaites; only that the emergence of the Karaites sparked a renewed interest generally in a standardized version of the Bible.
    3
  1518. That said, I would never group Latin America together like that. Scandinavia had a small enough scope and was interconnected enough to do that. Not so with all the Romance-speaking parts of the Americas, which I guess would arguably include myself.
    3
  1519. Juliet Capulet Judaism doesn’t do that because we don’t believe in Hell. Lutheranism doesn’t do that because they believe morality for the sake of reward is bribery. Get outside the American evangelical mindset.
    3
  1520. שינוי תנאי המנדט היה סמכות מפורשת של חבר הלאומים. לאחר 1945, האומות המאוחדות ירש את מדיניות חבר הלאומים והיה חופשי לבצע שינויים בתהליך הדיוני שלו. מכוח תכנית החלוקה, על מה הועד הלאומי הסכימה, ובעקבותיה ההכרה בישראל כחברה, הופסק המנדט.
    3
  1521. Worst antisemitic incident up to that time. There have been many much worse incidents since; some in the South but most of them not.
    3
  1522. And that's certainly something that those early pioneers in Jewish studies would have recognized around that time, though Hess comments little on it.
    3
  1523. @kenshin891 Wrong on both counts, but you're in the right area!
    3
  1524. False! Italy was in fact exceptionally resistant to Nazi German pressure to persecute Jews. Just wait until I talk about the fight between Italo Balbo and Benito Mussolini over the 1938 Race Laws. Only after the Italian surrender in 1943 did Italian Jews become victims of the Holocaust, in which 20% of them were lost. And when Germany did invade, the Yishuv raised Jewish units to liberate Italy. In the words of Tony Soprano, Italians are Jews with better food.
    3
  1525. I'm an Oleh, I know. But it's still Beersheba in English, same as we pronounce Paris as ['pæ.ɹɪs] instead of [pa.'ʁi].
    3
  1526. It's more of a historical average than an absolute rule.
    3
  1527. The Schenker/Chernick/Wasserman side in Cleveland were the ones with the mafia connections, not the Aronows. The horse thing has nothing to do with racing. And the LAPD was planning to wipe out all of Los Angeles' Jews, not my family specifically.
    3
  1528. They really should do one of his attempt to start a militant anarchist kibbutz/sex cult in 1913. That's in my video "The Second Aliyah (1905-1915)."
    3
  1529. I would if I spoke either. Right now I'm too much of a perfectionist (and broke) to delegate. Do you speak either? And if so, are the auto-translations from Hebrew and English inadequate?
    3
  1530. They now have their own channel! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChm6ruT0nyR-6BceX6qpgdg
    3
  1531. My grandfather went to high school with Studs Terkel and had all of his books. I'll have to get into his work more. Even more bizarre, my grandmother went to high school with Siegel and Shuster– but I don't see Superman as an overt expression of Jewishness. A better comic book example is Claremont-era X-Men, which retconned Magneto into a Holocaust survivor and reframed his rivalry with Professor X as an allegory for Menahem Begin and David Ben-Gurion.
    3
  1532.  @gyllenspetzfamily7993  It’s not my comparison; it’s Claremont’s. He’s a kibbutznik. As to my grandma, the 21st Amendment killed the family’s livelihood, and the Great Depression forced them to sell everything they owned and board the slowest train to Los Angeles.
    3
  1533. It definitely is; I messed up!
    3
  1534. 1:00 the cityscape in this image is Jaffa, not Acre. You can tell by the lighthouse.
    3
  1535. Oh yes, very soon on one of my other channels...
    3
  1536. Yes, though not many; mostly in Tel Aviv.
    3
  1537. Italy as well.
    3
  1538. Russia is bringing a whole new meaning to "Hopeless Diamond."
    3
  1539. I mentioned them in my video on the Hamburg Temple Disputes.
    3
  1540. But IMAX is a narrower frame, so you should expect black bars. Or perhaps the screen suddenly getting bigger at random points and then getting smaller again.
    3
  1541. For the most part, there was little recourse. It was more like mutual blackmail than banking as we understand it today, with the moneylender being required to leverage all of their assets. You can find more information about this in my video on the French Revolution: https://youtu.be/6ykj8A_HZS4?si=QZIh5nUBK5S3xEtC
    3
  1542.  @coe3408  for this reason the only Southern Jewish members of Congress from 1865 to 1975 were all from New Orleans, where the racial dynamic was quite a bit different from the rest of the South due to the French and Spanish legacy, and the large mixed and Free POC presence.
    3
  1543.  @doyouknoworjustbelieve6694 I should have clarified that that was showing the Viyalet of Beirut, not the city of Beirut.
    3
  1544. Artur, length is measured in football fields. Area is measured in Rhode Islands.
    3
  1545. Why are you everywhere? And why aren't you subscribed to my channel?
    3
  1546. Yes, Adolph Marix, the first Jewish graduate of Annapolis! He began the war as a Lieutenant, was promoted to Captain of the USS Scorpion, and was promoted to Vice-Admiral at the war's end.
    3
  1547. Of course, but not yet.
    3
  1548. Over 80% of the world's Jewish population at this time was within the Muslim world. Only in the 11th century would Ashkenazi centers of learning rise in power, which I'll discuss in the next video.
    3
  1549. Simon Schama's writing is surprisingly unhelpful. Look into Martin Gilbert maybe.
    3
  1550. That's weird; Martin Gilbert has a whole bunch of Jewish history stuff out there. His WW2 books may be more popular, but I believe he's actually written more on Jewish history overall.
    3
  1551. 3:45 buncha bucket boys. They're still using traditional wells!
    3
  1552. "Do you base it off older maps?" Yes. "How do you vectorize these maps without the tedium of hand-tracing?" I don't. It is hand-traced.
    3
  1553. Studying for a Bar Mitzvah is not that intensive. For some it’s just a pro formal ceremony. I took four years of Hebrew and one year of practicing singing/proper procedure. A deep knowledge of the Torah was not required; just the ability to read it aloud.
    3
  1554. It was his father who left. He was a child at the time.
    3
  1555. By later laws, Los Angeles was supposed to be built at a 45° angle just like your own SLO, but the topography made it impossible, and it had to be laid out at 36° instead.
    3
  1556. En Los EEUU, mirámos muchos avisos de abogados en español; por ejemplo "¿Accidentes? ¡Abogados! 222-2222 Se habla Español." Eso es un meme.
    3
  1557. Oh, I thought this might have to do with Judaism and tattoos.
    3
  1558. The furthest extent of the influence of the Jewish Enlightenment as a mainstream phenomenon. See my video "The Austro-Hungarian Question" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jSaYdMMWL-Y
    3
  1559. LOCAL RETAILERS This list is subject to updates. Boston: https://www.portersquarebooks.com/book/9781098878535 Chicago: https://www.unabridgedbookstore.com/book/9781098878535 Denver: https://www.tatteredcover.com/book/9781098878535 Los Angeles: https://www.booksoup.com/book/9781098878535 New York: https://www.bookculture.com/book/9781098878535 Pasadena: https://vromansbookstore.com/book/9781098878535 San Francisco: https://www.greenapplebooks.com/book/9781098878535 Washington, DC: https://www.politics-prose.com/book/9781098878535
    3
  1560.  @chensemu  It's the correct spelling, but it's being pronounced using the rules of the wrong language.
    3
  1561. Maj. Gen. Frederic John Goldsmid, 1870.
    3
  1562. Late 2002/Early 2003.
    3
  1563. I was wondering if you could message me privately about your relative in the Great War.
    3
  1564.  @Westernwilson  Nah, Pollievre is Newt Gingrich in a trucker costume.
    3
  1565.  @noahtylerpritchett2682  I’m not from Chicago myself, but it is the traditional American home of the Aronovim. My grandfather was from there.
    3
  1566. There's a reason I froze the comments on the 13 Colonies video. I was deliberately avoiding engaging with that revisionism here by instead engaging with the Benjaminite narrative. Usually, I try to avoid explicit counternarratives as much as possible (don't fight them on their terms, etc.) but in this case it was very useful as a framing device to talk about the Jewish role in the Civil War more broadly.
    3
  1567. Congratulations to Blue & Cyan!
    3
  1568. I’ve not read it.
    3
  1569. It was probably nothing more than Old West Slavic written using the Hebrew Alphabet.
    3
  1570. Emphasis.
    3
  1571.  @benjaminromm8184  You just watched it.
    3
  1572. Hebrew has "wai wai wai" to offer sympathy to someone else tells a frustrating story. Always "wai wai wai," never just "wai."
    3
  1573. No, that would be piracy, and Vivendi would be held liable if they didn't take it down. YouTube is already the world's largest platform, it's free, and it generates ad revenue for me at no cost to the viewer.
    3
  1574. Of course. But unless there’s a copyright issue, it’s the user who takes down videos, not YouTube itself.
    3
  1575. You know, I was hanging at a bar in SF the night before this came out and someone asked me exactly that. Memphis intrigues me now because (1) people keep bringing it up and (2) the Democratic machine there was desegregated, which I learned during an unrelated research quest about W.C. Handy, father of the blues.
    3
  1576. https://youtu.be/cvY-FrnemC0
    3
  1577. Oh I hope, if he hasn't seen the show already, he loves their digression about pheasant orgies.
    3
  1578. October.
    3
  1579.  @axolotl-guy9801  Springsteen.
    3
  1580.  @arianghorbani1305  Yes! My conclusion on that "his failure was the movie's success."
    3
  1581. One that has perplexed me is the "low" style of women's head covering, the tichel. It looks kind of like a hijab and you see it a lot in America but almost never in Israel, where they seem to prefer an "upward" style.
    3
  1582. Abraham Lincoln.
    3
  1583. "Alex, what the fuck was that?"
    3
  1584.  @sunnymoondog  I don't know where you get that impression. At my high school, the debate team was just any young guy who wanted to be a politician. Some were progressive. Some idolized William F. Buckley to the point of affecting a transatlantic accent and wearing a suit to school every day.
    3
  1585. It's a real Padres-Dodgers situation.
    3
  1586. By ancestry, mostly; by upbringing, hardly at all.
    3
  1587. That is Westsylvania, an unrecognized breakaway colony of North Carolina.
    3
  1588. My housemate is a malignant narcissist currently starting a cult. No joke. I’m looking for a new apartment.
    3
  1589. אני לא יודע, לא קראתי אותם. בדרך כלל אני קורא רק מה שצריך כדי לכתוב הסרטונים. בגלל זו לא אמרתי דברים רבים על הפרושים או שומעון הצדיק בסרטונים המוקדימים שלי. סליחה.
    3
  1590.  @turtlezinthesky  Ironically, Rowling has been criticized in the past for calling out antisemitism. But those aren't mutually exclusive. I'm currently researching an activist/writer named Michael Davitt, was an outspoken opponent of antisemitism in Russia while also harboring ingrained antisemitic views from his upbringing in 19th century Ireland.
    3
  1591. Oh fuck no. Israel has historically been one of the most pro-LGBT countries in the world measuring by public attitudes.
    3
  1592. I will continue at some point, but on my channel Elections Israel. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChm6ruT0nyR-6BceX6qpgdg
    3
  1593. No ma'am!
    3
  1594. DM me on Twitter.
    3
  1595. Huh. I’ve not been to Montréal yet, but I imagined monoglots mostly being in the old mining towns (i.e. what I imagine Quebec to be like outside of Montréal and Québec City).
    3
  1596. I considered including that, but as Wallenberg wasn't operating in Scandinavia, I expect to come back to him at a later time and in a slightly different context.
    3
  1597. All of my music is listed in the end credits.
    3
  1598. It's far from the only one. It's complicated.
    3
  1599. Ashkenazi Jews aren't descended from Khazars, it's just a subcategory within the larger Jewish clade. That said, while it's unlikely that you wouldn't have some Jewish ancestry, DNA results that are 3% or less aren't reliable.
    3
  1600. Rome > Seleucia. Hell, Parthia > Seleucia by this point.
    3
  1601. That's the Armenian branch. Weirdly, the last notable descendant on that line is the Syrian legate Avidius Cassius, who was also a descendant of Augustus, and attempted to usurp the Roman Throne in 175. His three children were respectively banished, executed, and imprisoned, and the line seems to die out there.
    3
  1602. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E098J2OZ8kM&vl=en
    3
  1603. I caught that too– especially in light of links between Blavatskyan Theosophy and the Great Replacement Theory in the US (see my recent video "The Melting Pot"). But the word "theosophy" is not a 19th century original; it's synonymous with theology but with more mystical connotations; Blavatsky et. al. borrowed the term from Christian Theosophy.
    3
  1604. You misunderstand– the 1960s were an unprecedented era of philosemitism in America, not antisemitism.
    3
  1605. Damn.
    3
  1606. US Censors?
    3
  1607. Nobody has a good claim to be both.
    3
  1608. I read Wise's comments, and in context it's clear that he is distinguishing between the form of slavery described in the Torah (which was more akin to indentured servitude) and chattel slavery as a rebuttal against religious defenders of the institution.
    3
  1609. I imagine LE prefers to get paid.
    3
  1610. Look closer. Less than half of my viewers are Jewish and only 6.7% of those are Haredi, many of whom aren't Israeli, are nominally split between Shas and UTJ, or may prefer another party altogether.
    3
  1611. Just wait for the comment section to catch up.
    3
  1612. I don’t know. I’m currently visiting the US for the first time in five years. I don’t know how people live here anymore!
    3
  1613. I guess when I have more time to spend in New York. I've been cycling around the US and soon a little bit of Mexico for my next book.
    3
  1614. Fascism doesn't have to be racist to be belligerently nationalistic. The race laws of 1938 were deeply controversial within the Italian Fascist Party. But then you get into the line between fascism and para-fascism and I'm not remotely sober enough for that.
    3
  1615. Noam, Otzma, and Tkuma all have the same beliefs and goals; they just emphasize different aspects and advocate for different means of achieving them.
    3
  1616. יהיה הרבה ככה מאוד קרוב
    3
  1617. It is all listed in the end credits.
    3
  1618. Sometime after 661, as I discuss a little in my first video from this series.
    3
  1619. 1. I don't think he would have wanted that. 2. Northern hemisphere bias.
    3
  1620. NEVER GET INVOLVED IN A LAND WAR IN ASIA
    2
  1621. The exilarchy began as the pretender monarchy of Judea after of the destruction of the First Temple, beginning with the imprisoned former king Jeconiah. When Cyrus the Great conquered Babylon and allowed the Jews to return to Judea, Jeconiah’s son Shaltiel actually chose to stay in Babylon as a leader of the Jewish community that chose to remain in Mesopotamia. That meant conducting most of the domestic duties that were eventually taken on by the Great Sanhedrin back in Judea, so they collected taxes to fund the Yeshivot, which is why the Yeshivot in Iraq were free, and eventually the exilarch was tasked with nominating the headmasters of the Yeshivot, who of course became synonymous with the Geonim. However, in 825 the Caliph al-Mamun decreed that any group of ten men from any religious community was autonomous and self-governing, and it’s then that the power of the exilarch really began to fall below that of the Geonim. Of course, most of the exilarchic family after that point responded by becoming rabbis so they themselves could become Geonim, and to this day many rabbinic dynasties can trace their ancestry to some exilarch on a direct male line.
    2
  1622. Unfortunately, there are several different versions of the family tree and none of them are the same. Even the Bustanai dynasty, which is the best documented of the later period, has contradicting versions, and what I put here was my best attempt to reconcile them. Whatever the exact details, there are a number of notable families across the Jewish world (Ibn Yahya, Meisel, etc.) who are known to have begun as offshoots of the exilarchy. Jesus and the Zealots were also offshoots. Of course, this only applies to the male line. By virtue of the amount of time that’s passed, literally everyone of Middle Eastern or European descent is a direct descendant of King David.
    2
  1623. I believe technically Maine would be an Autonomous Republic, since an Oblast would be under direct rule.
    2
  1624. Honestly, knowing some of the hypercompetitive clout-chasing that was going on around the Sanders campaign, I got less surprise and more nostalgic recognition.
    2
  1625. I've only ever seen Italian, Neapolitan, and Sicilian categorize as Eastern Romance languages, so I don't know what you're on about with Romanian being the only one.
    2
  1626. That's just called "being wrong."
    2
  1627. How about Sunrise Land?
    2
  1628.  @WindFireAllThatKindOfThing Who thinks that? Every joke about government employment I’ve ever seen in media is about the fact that it’s stable but low-paying.
    2
  1629. The way I heard it, Andromeda was the princess of Jaffa and thus Samaritan.
    2
  1630. I’m just enough to remember when California was a swing state.
    2
  1631. "Too short." smh
    2
  1632. https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSmG0ySpQbe51uif8vvWhRVCERBm-sEnE
    2
  1633.  @dingo1547  3/4 of the states.
    2
  1634.  @may_chu  שמואל ארונוב
    2
  1635. Two ways: 1. Because of the rate at which Jews had been in decline as a percentage of the local population since the time of Constantine. At that time, half of the population was Jewish. By the Islamisation of Palestine, it was around 1/3, so I judged it would be around 1/4 by 1099. 2. We have a decent idea of what the overall population was in Crusader Jerusalem: around 250,000 in 1131, of whom around 1/4 were crusader settlers, though that included expansion into most of present-day Lebanon.
    2
  1636.  @Qba86  I do think that was a very pointed statement for the time and place.
    2
  1637.  @stephenfisher3721  I'm still skeptical of this because I don't know of any Yiddish dialect with a uvular trill, which didn't become common in Hebrew until after Israeli independence. You know what Jewish dialect did have a uvular trill? Iraqi Judeo-Arabic. And way more olim came from Iraq than ever did from Germany.
    2
  1638. I haven't looked into it deeply, but it has come up a bit in the research for this and later videos. Unfortunately, while academics are aware of it, there doesn't seem to be any serious data analysis.
    2
  1639. Have you watched Patrick Willems' video about Sam Raimi and the "ordinary people" in his Spider-Man trilogy? There's a lot of overlap between your points and his.
    2
  1640. It means "God is with us," and was the youthful nickname of King Hizikiyahu, given to him by his cousin Yishayahu HaNavi. Both Emanu-El and Shearith Israel are very common names for synagogues.
    2
  1641. Second biggest now that Ashdod has passed it up.
    2
  1642.  @ekmalsukarno2302  Are you suggesting that Montreal isn't part of Latin America?
    2
  1643. June 28, 1918, my grandma was born.
    2
  1644. Yes.
    2
  1645. It was a tentpole!
    2
  1646.  @jayasuryangoral-maanyan3901  British politics also sources candidates very differently from in the US. In a sense, parties “draft” prospects out of university student government (which is an actual meaningful institution there unlike in the US) much in the same manner as college sports in the US and then run them through the party system until a spot opens up on the map to run them in. In the US, it’s actually preferred to find candidates have experience outside of politics (or at least national politics) and that they have a meaningful connection to the area they will represent. On the note of being very federal and decentralized, the US also never succeeded in creating an Eton-like institution where all powerful families went to school. Groton came closest, but still nowhere near to the degree of Eton.
    2
  1647. I actually planned to visit the Roman ghetto two years ago, but had to cancel. Rome has been taunting me ever since. I'll be changing flights there, but not with enough time to see anything sadly. Italy is #1 on my list for Europe.
    2
  1648. Reel change. It should have been at 20:00.
    2
  1649. @Kristhor It is.
    2
  1650. Putinist beauty standards.
    2
  1651. Paradox will have a field day.
    2
  1652. Ah, local government, of course. I was picturing something on a state/provincial scale.
    2
  1653. Social Democrats seek a democratic means to achieve Socialism, whereas Social Democrats seek to achieve a system of economic democracy, wherein people exercise their rights as workers and consumers just as they do as citizens. So this allows for a greater degree of economic liberalism, with the caveat that workers enjoy a much greater degree of control (see German co-determination) and assets may be nationalized when privatization undermines the general public good. In a practical sense, they're virtually identical, but their philosophies and long-term objectives are quite different, as are the vibes. SocDems wear collared shirts and DemSocs always bring a guitar.
    2
  1654.  @g.f.martianshipyards9328  Lassallism ≠ Leninism.
    2
  1655.  @LegalEagle  Hey, I got "bespectacled" right.
    2
  1656. It's not a matter of commute; people in New Jersey commute to New York and Philadelphia (and Allentown), but they wouldn't say they live in those places. I acknowledge that a US State is a bit more of a big deal, since each US state has a degree of autonomy roughly equivalent to Scotland, but you know. I know people in the future will get confused and I'll still correct it, though maybe not make a big deal of it.
    2
  1657. 0:53 United taking off from Newark, take a drink
    2
  1658. TIL "Fotheringay" isn't pronounced "fungi" like in Jeeves & Wooster.
    2
  1659. You know Israeli academics are super left-leaning, right?
    2
  1660. Yaakov ben Asher was indeed the son of the Rosh. Asher’s father was a different Yehiel from Yehiel of Paris, but he was a grandson of Eliezer ben Natan from “The Jewish Crusade.”
    2
  1661. They wanted to break Russia’s warmaking ability. They experienced an entire Vietnam War’s worth of damage to their military apparatus in the first two weeks.
    2
  1662. I believe he was a Lieutenant Colonel.
    2
  1663. Uhh...that's not how I would prefer to characterize my neighbors to the west.
    2
  1664. Most of them were apartments. The smaller ones were single-family homes, but keep in mind we're talking about extended immigrant families.
    2
  1665. I wouldn't describe American politics as simply an outgrowth of European politics, much as I'd caution against American exceptionalists who do it in the opposite direction. We're going to get through the generation of fallout from the Napoleonic Wars, and it has all kinds of trends that didn't affect the Americas. France was notably problematic as it tried (and failed) to become an Empire again very shortly after this, and in doing so promoted the very same superstition and authoritarianism abroad that it's opposed at home. But we'll get to that. tl;dr fuck Adolphe Thiers.
    2
  1666. L O S T
    2
  1667. Maybe a distant nephew, because all of the Gaon's children had the surname Vilner.
    2
  1668. No, I was just having fun with you. A reel in a projector was 20 minutes, so the cue mark was an indicator to stick two reels together.
    2
  1669. There are dozens of us!
    2
  1670. AFAIK it wasn't a public historic site to begin with. The law as currently written basically gives any Jewish organization carte blanche to claim any Jewish-owned property that was captured by Jordan in the War of Independence (which includes a lot of East Jerusalem). If it was the next-of-kin of the prior owners, it would be one thing, but to allow any organization to make that claim is some hardcore bullshit, and it's what's led to the longstanding Sheikh Jarrah standoff.
    2
  1671. I pray for your protection from the bane of my nightmares Bonhomme Carnaval.
    2
  1672. The Japanese also attacked California, at the Ellwood oil refinery near Santa Barbara.
    2
  1673. Tell her Mazal Tov for me! 20 December will actually be the 20th anniversary of my bar mitzvah!
    2
  1674. I found Megalopolis altogether mediocre.
    2
  1675. Wait until I get to the US in the 1920s, where they're mutually opposed over whether imperialism is good or bad for "the Anglo-Saxon."
    2
  1676. Emerald Difficult times often form such complex relationships.
    2
  1677. You may be onto something. It’s all just a bit American Fiction.
    2
  1678. I've always had a policy of not meeting bigots on their own terms, because it only draws more attention to the disinformation. I've talked to BeaceBrocess about it and he does the same. The rare occasions where I overtly confront misinformation and propaganda narratives are almost entirely limited to those that exist within the Jewish community (Biblical narratives vs. critical history, Menorah Trutherism, Lost Causer nonsense, Anti-Reform fearmongering, etc.). For example, if someone was to accuse you of being an alien, what would it accomplish for you to say "no I'm not" except to demonstrate that this is a question worthy of discussion? Don't feed the trolls. Better to just provide some straightforward information for those who want it.
    2
  1679. There were a handful (Trotsky, Zinoviev, Sverdlov), but they were fewer in number than in the other socialist factions, and they were almost all purged under Stalin (with the notable exception of Kaganovich). The idea of the Bolshevism as a Jewish phenomenon is mostly the result of Anton Denikin's propaganda as leader of the Whites, which led him to isolate and alienate Jews in the White faction, helping to ensure its defeat. We'll get to that soon.
    2
  1680. It reminds me of the recent "Anglo-Saxon" memo on government architecture by Marjorie Taylor-Greene.
    2
  1681. First, Monash wasn't interested in governing Palestine, and I'm not sure how many people would be. Second, most Zionists in the English-speaking world saw Palestine as a refuge for Jews in places like Russia but not themselves, who were materially and politically better-off where they were.
    2
  1682. For the most part, yes, that would be accurate to say.
    2
  1683. Agrippa was after Jesus.
    2
  1684. What happened to the music?
    2
  1685. The former.
    2
  1686. “What’s he building in there. What is he building in there?” —Tom Waits
    2
  1687. It doesn’t. Those are just the boundaries of England’s internal statistical regions.
    2
  1688. Oh my God, you're right. I'll be honest; I was seriously ill while for basically the entire production process (including now) and must have short-circuited while doing that.
    2
  1689. His weak impressions are his strength!
    2
  1690.  @zjzr08 That’s about right. The High Commissioner, though a British official, was both head-of-state and head-of-government like the US president today.
    2
  1691.  @zjzr08  I wouldn't know; I didn't grow up there.
    2
  1692. "Jeff Dunham!? What year is this!?" Iceland.
    2
  1693.  @almogz9486  Who's to say that it was necessary at all? The only thing that's certain is that it didn't fail.
    2
  1694. By whom!?
    2
  1695. Huh. The channel's been getting around a lot lately apparently, due to CK3 and the unexpected memeification of EVEN GVIROL.
    2
  1696.  @matthewwallack601  I would love to see that.
    2
  1697. Chicken
    2
  1698. I've never found a comprehensive history that I've liked, and I've really given up on the idea that there is or even needs to be one. For most of my videos (though not this one), I tend to use one book as the basis for most of my script, so you can just look through anything in my credits that's listed in italics.
    2
  1699. THANK YOU. SHAZAM DOES NOTHING.
    2
  1700. Probus never gets enough credit for ending the Germanic invasions.
    2
  1701. I've noticed this as well with the train announcements having different emphases. Only people in Jerusalem appear to speak that way naturally.
    2
  1702. I made it myself, modeled after one of his descendants, actor Martin Balsam.
    2
  1703. I thought this was going to be about all the descendants of Antony and Cleopatra. This is even more extra.
    2
  1704. Hi, I actually go into more detail about this in my videos "Nili" and "The Jewish Legion."
    2
  1705.  @TheRealVenusian  If I wasn't clear in the videos, the Sykes-Picot Agreement was always controversial among British military leadership and simply ceased to be relevant in their minds after a couple of major defeats convinced them (for a time) that the Ottoman fronts weren't worth prioritizing. It's the whole Eastern vs. Western strategy debate that ended up not mattering at the end.
    2
  1706.  @rridderbusch518  Truly living up to his 1987 hit "Shake You Down."
    2
  1707. Full disclosure: the acorns used by indigenous Californians are from the California live oak, or Encino, which biologically isn’t an oak at all. So the clay method may not be applicable to True Oaks.
    2
  1708. It made his ears burrrrn.
    2
  1709. יולי תמיר
    2
  1710. 1970 defeated by Israel.
    2
  1711.  @MrUlyseses  That's not how the Germans saw it. While it is true that the Soviet Union had the larger army, took the larger casualties, and crossed more kilometers than the Western Allies, that's as much a function of geography as anything else. In 1943 Germany was pulling units away from the Eastern Front to fight the British and Americans in Italy, and that was even before Normandy.
    2
  1712.  @Zingam  If not Greek by identity than they likely spoke Greek as a common language, at least if educated. This was the case in Egypt, which was the most populous single province. So really it isn't so dissimilar from the status of English in the US.
    2
  1713. "Is potato."
    2
  1714. Slight change: because the Benaroya video involves the Macedonia Front, I realized I couldn’t explain that without first explaining Gallipoli, so the ZMC will come first and will be a direct sequel to “The Second Aliyah.” As to Poland, I don’t remember the specifics, but I can say that Jews in Congress Poland had some of the same restrictions applied to the Jews of the Pale, but not all of them. This is one reason Jews didn’t emigrate from Congress Poland at quite as high a rate. It’s also one of several reasons Poland briefly had the world’s largest Jewish population in the early 1920s.
    2
  1715. Jahzzar– "The Wrong Way"
    2
  1716. Luckily the Yankees have never played in an international championship, though technically the Braves, Blue Jays, and Phillies have!
    2
  1717. How ironic; I grew up in a large-ish city with a Jewish population around 2,000; the only two options were Conservative and Chabad! I think you may be onto something with the breakdown of strict labels among people born after 1980. I seem to recall that in 2010, mixed marriages began to decline, and the majority of children from mixed marriages were suddenly being raised Jewish, whereas before it had been a minority except in Massachusetts. Why Massachusetts? You tell me.
    2
  1718.  @marcovtjev  Well it was a huge improvement over the 1930s and 1940s. In part because of a massive wave of progressive policies that discredited hardline paleoconservatism for a generation. In the 1950s taxes on the rich were unimaginably higher than today.
    2
  1719. The once and future!
    2
  1720. My uncle David served in the Navy, calling port at various times in the Philippines and China. My uncle George was in the Armored cavalry in the final offensive actions in Germany, possibly including the Liberation of Dachau and subsequent reprisals, as well as occupation duties in Austria into 1946.
    2
  1721.  @patria3023  Maybe two big ones, come to think about it. Both of them taking place at the same time, towards the end of the war but not quite at the end.
    2
  1722. Who can forget the song inspired by the time Kenny Loggins was kidnapped by Jimmy Buffett and had to be rescued by Michael McDonald and James Ingram?
    2
  1723. But Jack Burton was an idiot who stumbled through the whole movie.
    2
  1724.  @robertnett9793  I have genuinely met archaeologists who did.
    2
  1725. Alessandro Fortis.
    2
  1726.  @aviad950  But there are way more parties, which makes for a much larger share of undecided voters, and there's very little self-sorting geographically because you're not voting for a local representative, so the distinctions between one district and the next is way more smoothed out than between US states.
    2
  1727. The "Maccabees" are really just one noble family, the Hasmoneans. And they were Pharisees.
    2
  1728. 5:23 you got the Hebrew backwards again, buddy.
    2
  1729. Hey, I haven't heard from you in a while? Are you doing alright up there?
    2
  1730. He and I discussed including that, but the tone of the chapter went against it. He’s also very at being thought of as “the Wilson guy.”
    2
  1731. I'd argue it has way more to do with "the stain" (institutionalized shame for convict origins as part of a larger culture of subservience to Britain).
    2
  1732. נתקן
    2
  1733. 9:45 HORON SENSES TINGLING
    2
  1734.  @takanara7  I mean, we do name post offices and train stations after the politicians who vote to fund them.
    2
  1735. Someone once claimed this to me in Israel of all places in an attempt to discredit the kibbutz movement ("my aunt was as left-wing as you could get without being a Nazi). Maddening.
    2
  1736. I hate to tell you, but Ottawa isn’t even as far north as London!
    2
  1737. 5:54 DANGER ZONE!
    2
  1738. Not many people know this, but Elon Musk invented the wheel. If he didn't, how could Teslas run on the road? Checkmate, atheists.
    2
  1739. "Zionism Before Herzl (1882-1896)" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OGWQUilit9Q
    2
  1740.  @_blank-_  Imagine a movie set in the French Revolution that's all about why the feudal aristocrats are the real victims. That's what The Last Samurai does for Meiji-era Japan. It treats people as persecuted keepers of a noble tradition when in reality most Samurai who refused to modernize were little more than gangsters who terrorized the country in defense of the privileges to live off taxpayer money and legally commit murder.
    2
  1741. Kinda like the British Twenty Committee. XX = Double-Cross
    2
  1742. Yiddish and Ladino (and Yevanic) had sufficient time and space to evolve from their mother tongues that they are no longer fully intelligible. I'd be curious to know just how much Yeshivish has drifted, but I imagine it isn't as drastic as if it was being spoken in an otherwise non-Anglophone environment.
    2
  1743. Perhaps I got a little overenthusiastic. But I do suspect that antisemitism was more common among Italians in Libya than in Italy, because around this same time in France, the most antisemitic sector were pied-noirs, the settlers in Algeria.
    2
  1744. Rather the projectionist needs to splice in another reel.
    2
  1745. In history, it's customary to use placenames relevant to the time period. Beersheba was (and still is) the accepted name in English, Arabic, and Turkish.
    2
  1746. Someone should tell him about Glencoe.
    2
  1747. Heart attack. It's actually quite common.
    2
  1748.  @bernardoohigginsvevo2974  Biafra 2.0
    2
  1749. Oh, we're not close to being done with them either.
    2
  1750. 1. This will come up later, don't worry. 2. I'll be finding out when I research for "Jews under Atatürk."
    2
  1751.  @kalebmark2908  I'm sorry, do you think the availability of housing induces demand for childbirth?
    2
  1752. I'll get into this in a much later episode, but Congress Poland (post-Napoleonic) never became part of the Pale and Jews had a lot more freedom there. The downside is that far fewer of them ever left Poland, which is why they have so few descendants today.
    2
  1753. It's an orchestral version of the Gerudo Valley theme. You'll find the music listed in my end credits.
    2
  1754. I like to imagine it was an homage to Prozd. VICTORY POINTS.
    2
  1755. It's also Yiddish, but its origin is Hebrew.
    2
  1756. The Kotel plaza is where it is because it was originally the spot just inside the northern gate into the city, and thus where most pilgrims would have entered during religious festivals. It's also where the Hasmonean Royal Palace was located, and there are other shrines further north as well.
    2
  1757. I'm assuming it's cabbage-based and not beet-based? And served warm? That's how she did it. She grew up in the one house on Drexel Street in Cleveland that was demolished (but was identical to the ones next to it). That used to be a mostly-Jewish neighborhood, and between that and my grandfather's neighborhood in Chicago, the rest of America really put those Lower East Side tenements to shame.
    2
  1758.  @kneelingcatholic  Not specifically.
    2
  1759. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChm6ruT0nyR-6BceX6qpgdg https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCduRtLDZdWalOh795ag2cFQ
    2
  1760. I woke up to a siren on my block before dawn. There were three in the morning and I didn't think about it afterwards; unfortunately rocket attacks are something that simply happens from time to time and it didn't occur to me I to check the news. It also didn't occur to me that it was the 50th anniversary of the outbreak of the Yom Kippur War. I'll just say that this is the worst surprise attack since 1973 if not worse. I'm alone in my apartment, but everyone I've texted who lives with friends and family has said the mood is one of absolute fury. People feel as if the Israeli government has completely abandoned them (and they were already pretty angry). I've never experienced a collective feeling on this scale, either in Israel or in the US where I grew up. The word that keeps popping up in my head is "Tet."
    2
  1761. Alexandra, actually. Judea was never able to conquer Ashkelon on its own. Pompey awarded it to Herod in exchange for Scythopolis (Beit Shean).
    2
  1762.  @stevenv6463  Judea. There was actually a race between Judea and Nabatea to capture it, and Judea winning caused a diplomatic crisis because it left Nabatea without a port on the Mediterranean. I made a video on all this; "The Jewish Empire."
    2
  1763. I released multiple community posts and an announcement video as well as posts on Patreon and Reddit.
    2
  1764. Yeah, this is actually pretty typical east of the line.
    2
  1765. He was Persian.
    2
  1766. It's amazing to look back and realize that there was a time, not long ago, when people like Billo were totally unchecked. How things have changed.
    2
  1767. “Say something once! Why say it again?!”
    2
  1768. Randy Rainbow is just the Millennial Mark Russell. That's not a compliment.
    2
  1769. A second cousin twice removed is either your second cousin's grandchild or your fourth cousin's grandparent.
    2
  1770. Falling Down is so obviously a satire that you have to wonder quite how horrible 1990s race relations were that people didn't recognize that.
    2
  1771. 65% of the US had at some point been part of New Spain, not Mexico. That number includes Florida and Louisiana. And most of that territory was never under Spanish control; merely agreed to be under Spanish colonial sovereignty in theory. Likewise, most of Alta California was never under Mexican control.
    2
  1772.  @GuardiansCreed  Fair enough.
    2
  1773. I honestly didn't come across it in my research. Oops.
    2
  1774. That triangle was the symbol of the Australian Corps in WWI, so I approve.
    2
  1775. The Gemara (Sotah 10b, verse 3) says it is Amoz, Isaiah's father, who was the brother of King Amaziah.
    2
  1776. I did see that. However, Simon the Just would have only been a young child at best during Alexander's conquests, so I suspect that the high priest depicted in the mosaic is in fact his grandfather Jaddua. For lack of any other information, it's entirely possible that Simon was Matthew's maternal grandfather, but witthout a source, I can't properly include it.
    2
  1777. Pointy shoes did come back in the 2010s. They were wingtips and I still have mine.
    2
  1778. Place of Birth: Viceroyalty of New Spain Residence: Ottoman Empire
    2
  1779.  @rezajafari6395  Not even close!
    2
  1780. "Pardes" means both "orchard" and is an acronym for the four methods of interpreting the Torah.
    2
  1781. Kevin Murphy first popularized this trick in A Year at the Movies.
    2
  1782.  @Phukugoooglification  The USA trained and equipped the Mujahideen. The Taliban didn't exist until the 1990s and they fought against the faction that the US supported.
    2
  1783. Yes, and far from the last time!
    2
  1784. Shavuot is where I run into trouble with these. I never celebrated it growing up, which means I don't have a go-to recipe for it. I don't even know where I might go to find some. Also, how did we get from the wheat harvest to a celebration of milk?
    2
  1785. Aunt.
    2
  1786.  @zarathustrasserpent1850  I do if it's appropriate to the time period.
    2
  1787.  @ThePrinceofParthia Not currently.
    2
  1788. Chabad has been active in South Africa since before the Boer Wars! That was actually weirdly relevant in my research on President Grant's involvement in Romania. The brother of the head of Chabad was living in South Africa and was touring the US and is often credited for convincing Grant to appoint Peixotto over a different (also Jewish) ambassador, but there were a lot of holes in that story, so I'm skeptical.
    2
  1789. Probably someday. But the specials are so overwhelming that I can only think about one of them at a time, and I already know which one I'm doing next.
    2
  1790. I've never met him personally but am aware of him. There was some rumor in Israeli news of a revived Meimad, but it never happened. I'm not sure there's an market for such a movement anymore due to the extreme salience of religious coercion; any religious person who supports market socialism will, at this point, likely also support secular governance.
    2
  1791. I went there every year as a kid! I haven’t been back since a college-aged cross-country trip though.
    2
  1792. This should be the top comment.
    2
  1793. People thought he was dumb, but he was really just a coward, and that’s why you won’t hear from him.
    2
  1794. 11:57 Mr. Beat's ancestors were Mennonites in Russia!
    2
  1795. This evolution will be explored much more deeply as we progress through the 19th century.
    2
  1796. The video is called Signs but I don’t see any aliens.
    2
  1797. Babaghanouj?
    2
  1798. Yes, thank you!
    2
  1799. The British didn't take control of the Transjordan until the French invaded inland Syria in the summer, and then only as a temporary measure until the Cairo Conference. This will be touched upon in the next video.
    2
  1800. I never actually paid attention to Wimbledon until just now when I saw the players' photos. I'm in.
    2
  1801. serio, guys - don't do the breaking news music when someone dies. ~s~
    2
  1802. Somebody finally got it.
    2
  1803. Excuse me, I think you dropped this. (picks up name)
    2
  1804. It would be wondrously convenient to live there if I ever had the patience to do so.
    2
  1805. Someone once explained to me how this happened, and I don't remember the specifics. I think the Act of Union also merged the Church of Ireland with the Church of England, so a lot of that lingering Puritan radicalism went with it. Ultimately, annexing Ireland marginalized Irish Protestants as much as it did Irish Catholics.
    2
  1806. It's in the WWI playlist: "The Jewish Legion (1917-1918)."
    2
  1807. Weren't there 10 justices under Lincoln?
    2
  1808.  @Bluemoon_75  From the outside looking in, the Liberal Party doesn't seem to have any real guiding vision except to uphold Canada's existing, actually quite conservative political order with a thin veneer of performative progressivism and protectionism. "Cheap grace," as Sarcasmitron called it.
    2
  1809. "Flag of Austrian Habsburg Milan 1714-1796"
    2
  1810.  @andybeans5790 The pity of Bilbo ruled the fate of men!
    2
  1811. It is in fact a cousin of “haram.”
    2
  1812. Yeah, takfir would be better.
    2
  1813. The short answer is that (at least in the case of West Africa) most such communities didn't survive into the modern era, but it's something I'd be interested in discussing another time.
    2
  1814. Haidresser/shampoo magnate Vidal Sassoon fought in the Israeli War of Independence because he was too young to fight in World War II. There were also a whole mess of high-ranking volunteer foreign officers in the American Revolution.
    2
  1815.  @AlbertBalbastreMorte  I was taught about the real El Cid in school in the US!
    2
  1816. "Suburb" in an American context refers to a feeder community separate from the main city, not merely a neighborhood.
    2
  1817. Yeah, there was a terrible one in Turkey a couple years ago, near the Syrian border. The Jordan River runs down the African/Arabian plate boundary, the Golan Heights are an extinct volcanic formation, etc.
    2
  1818. Ukraine should do what Taiwan did and create an civil auditing branch of government.
    2
  1819. At a certain point, events will just be too recent for me to have anything to say. If I ever reach that point without burning out, it'll probably be sometime in the 1990s. But at that point I will be able to just pick and choose what I want to talk about.
    2
  1820.  @samwill7259 That happened in my Central Asia video, remember? It was a current event.
    2
  1821. Thank you.
    2
  1822. Is Reading pronounced Redding? 'cause we have one of those in California. It's way boring, though. ~s~
    2
  1823. 75% of the states, in fact.
    2
  1824. ​ @yuval0658  אחרי שבועיים. אני תמיד הוציא את שני סרטונים בחודש.
    2
  1825. (Resisting urge to point out that the maps of are accurate to 2024 rather than 1994)
    2
  1826.  @vikmanphotography7984  In Calfiornia, police unions have been lobbying to weaken all other unions.
    2
  1827. Not counting things I've shot myself, yes.
    2
  1828. Why is there a grid covering your thumbnail?
    2
  1829. It brings us the pizza.
    2
  1830. I must say Wally’s looking well!
    2
  1831. The Padres see the Dodgers as their rival, the Dodgers don't care and are rivals with the Giants.
    2
  1832. This reminds me of what Albert Brooks told Conan about Clark Gable. Everyone is forgotten, and that's okay.
    2
  1833.  @paulhanck1123  Or dressed as/espoused views of the Nazis.
    2
  1834. There's one in the Talmud, and that was written during the time of the Western Roman Empire.
    2
  1835. This won't be the last we see of them.
    2
  1836.  @loganl3746  Aren't Phillies caps darker?
    2
  1837. Elizabeth?
    2
  1838. Thank you, Vikings, for Manchego.
    2
  1839. 1. The population boom described in this video continued into the 18th and 19th centuries. 2. At the same time Europe's Jewish population was rebounding, Africa's and Asia's Jewish populations (as too their gentile neighbors) were shrinking due to declining wealth (caused by the emergence of ocean-crossing ships and subsequent decline of overland trade) and desertification brought on by the Little Ice Age. That said, if Ashkenazim are still the majority of Jews today, they are only a slim one. Israel now has 40% of the world's Jewish population and it is overwhelmingly non-Ashkenazi (though the concept of edda has kinda broken down here).
    2
  1840. No; thank you for alerting me!
    2
  1841. Other way around.
    2
  1842. He was picturing a city as big as Tel Aviv spanning from the sea to the Eastern Railway.
    2
  1843.  @robleahy5759  My father liked to say something similar about Weizmann having an Irish connection when I was growing up.
    2
  1844. God I miss Drunk History.
    2
  1845.  @WBWhiting  And why move it now, since it's become a tourist attraction in itself?
    2
  1846. Thanks, I hate it. Why can't a job just be a job? You can take pride in it, but I won't want it interfering with my friends or family or home or beliefs. At what point does this cross a line into religious workplace discrimination? Because some of the rhetoric that Dr. Chen describes seems to be approaching that.
    2
  1847. You can find out when I cover that very topic later this summer!
    2
  1848. Yes, but she grew up while I grew up, so I got no ick. Point mine.
    2
  1849. That explains it! Thank you.
    2
  1850. It’s fine. I have a lot of fondness for this video because I didn’t expect to make it; it originated as a handful of bullet points for “The Sephardic Silver Age.” A few of my videos have come about that way. Glad you enjoyed it!
    2
  1851. Too much sauce. And I'm a spice guy!
    2
  1852. Why do you think I talk like George Plimpton?
    2
  1853. If you know Rand’s background, it makes way more sense as a Soviet strawman of western decadence with the irony spitefully removed. As physicist Boris Altshuler said, “in the Russian mind western democracy is synonymous with criminal anarchy.“ Rand’s ideal civilization, in practice, is 1990s Russia.
    2
  1854.  @niceshotapps1233 She picked railroads and steel because the plot structure of Atlas Shrugged was lifted from bad socialist agitprop literature of the 1930s, when those were the biggest industries, and she never bothered to update the references for the 1950s.
    2
  1855. The name rings a bell, but I don't think I ever had him as a professor.
    2
  1856. No they weren't.
    2
  1857.  @Grey000  When you think about it, it's not that far off from "Shearith Israel," just slightly more violent.
    2
  1858.  @Keepithonest7  Pro-tip: this also applies to Tankies and Lost Causers.
    2
  1859. “The Scottish Parliament is hereby reconvened.” God I wish my country had thought of that. And probably almost every other former British colony.
    2
  1860. Again, Parnell died in 1891, so he's not showing up here.
    2
  1861. That’s not fair to the rest of the world. My country was handling it fine until we decided to pretend it isn’t happening in order to maintain privatization.
    2
  1862. Germans specifically or everyone? The UK, France, the Netherlands, Italy, and Israel were against it. The PM of Italy said he loved Germany so much that there should be two of them. Most western world leaders of that era were WWII veterans or of that generation. That said, once Communism collapsed in East Germany, reunification was inevitable, because West Germans considered Easterners to be citizens of the Federal Republic by default, and the Easterners were quite happy about that.
    2
  1863. I find that women are more likely to watch videos that (1) have women in the thumbnails or (2) are about western Europe for some reason.
    2
  1864. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UI9RIzNe-tM
    2
  1865.  @jessetaran7116  This was before what you're thinking of and more in the vein of what happened in 19th Century London, with Jews and Jewish culture becoming genuinely in vogue.
    2
  1866. Chubaysh sounds a lot like Talleyrand.
    2
  1867. Unfortunately, the order ran out at the end of 2023 and they're no longer in production.
    2
  1868.  @matthewbrotman2907  Okay, the two big videos.
    2
  1869. The original run of Fiddler on the Roof on Broadway used a similar conceit, but it was dropped for the film adaptation because it was seen as too abstract and unrealistic for the new medium.
    2
  1870. Meatballs and airports for everyone!
    2
  1871. זה טיעון הרייכסבירגר. אתה גם מאמין שהאימפריה הגרמנית עדיין קיימת בגלל שפיליפ שיידמן חסרה את הסמכות להכריז על הרפובליקה? החוק הוא מה שאנחנו מסכימים שהוא. אם המנדט על ארץ ישראל עדיין קיים, מיהו הנציב העליון הנוכחי? איפה אני יכול למצוא את כתובת המייל שלו?
    2
  1872. Oh my God, I don't know how I missed that.
    2
  1873. Neither, why?
    2
  1874. It’s for the time period, like how the font changes over time.
    2
  1875. “The Internet?” I think you mean “Neil Cicierega.”
    2
  1876. My Bubby had a copy of it in her house that I always noticed but never looked into. It might have been a first-edition script. I believe it was sold with the other old books when she passed.
    2
  1877. On Monday I went to see See How They Run and there was a family– parents and kids– talking through the whole movie, playing with their phones, definitely not even watching. Apparently so many people complained that an usher came in to keep an eye on them, but unfazed they kept going until he had to kick them out. I'd never seen that actually happen before.
    2
  1878. It’s an old parlor trick from Stalin.
    2
  1879. Thanks! I pronounce it the modern Israeli way because that's just how I learned to speak Hebrew, so it's instinctive.
    2
  1880.  @familystephalski6414  Fall is the older term. "Autumn" was popularized later on because a word with a Latin origin was seen as more prestigious.
    2
  1881. Oh, you weren't totally wrong. I knew people would be struck by that image and want to give it a closer look.
    2
  1882. A Bridge Too Far – one of the best movies of 1977, and ALSO inexplicably disdained by critics at the time, and snubbed of any and all nominations!
    1
  1883. Robert Walpole stars in... ...The Big Escheat
    1
  1884. Correct. It's not for nothing that the Age of Exploration made great powers out of European nations with access to the Atlantic (UK, France, Spain, Portugal, Netherlands) and did jack shit for the continental powers of the time (Austria, Poland, Turkey).
    1
  1885. 2:38 Simpsons reference?
    1
  1886. +VeteranCape They used to, but I've been told lately that that's becoming less common.
    1
  1887. The end of Mycenaean Greece and the beginning of the Israelites!
    1
  1888. Lord Palmerston!
    1
  1889. He forgot Luxembourg! The whole seventh episode was set there.
    1
  1890. Sevres, not Versailles. The Middle East was carved up at the Treaty of Sevres.
    1
  1891. The Sykes-Picot Agreement is itself vague in its relation to the mandates. It envisioned Jerusalem Mustaffariate as an international protectorate, and Mosul Governorate under French control.
    1
  1892. I think the April 11 bit was a mistake on the editor's part, as that appears to be the date that the flashback begins due to the mention of FDR's death quite early on.
    1
  1893. The Syrian Government is Shia.
    1
  1894. ...Just take the train.
    1
  1895. And Andromeda's Rock is in Tel Aviv.
    1
  1896. The person responsible for the round earth myth was an American writer named Washington Irving in the early 19th Century. American cultural nationalism was at a high point and there was a lot of pressure to distance the United States from British history. Up to that point, Christopher Columbus had fallen into semi-obscurity, and the English-supported Italian explorer John Cabot was given credit for discovering the North American mainland (which he did). This changed with American independence, when all kinds of stuff was being named after Columbus (anything Columbia comes from this time). So Irving made up the story that Columbus alone thought the world was round to make him seem more important.
    1
  1897. +Guillermo St It reminds me of back in 1996, when Dole was running for President and seemed to think his opponent was Quentin Tarantino.
    1
  1898. No, because Jews hadn't been living in those places.
    1
  1899. How does this differ from BART's Transbay tunnel in California? It was completed in 1970 with a water-tight-tunnel on the seafloor, long before the Big Dig.
    1
  1900. hehhmmmmm....batman. ~s~
    1
  1901. OMG Blue. I’m about to start work on my new video about Hellenistic Judaism and Greco-Jewish relations before Alexandrer and this is exactly what I didn’t know I needed.
    1
  1902. maybe it's a location thing, 'cause I run into fellow turklings all the time.
    1
  1903. Happy D-Day, Roman. I just saw the news from an hour ago.
    1
  1904. I find myself missing the hygge of the library.
    1
  1905. Prigozhin rocking the Steve Jobs look.
    1
  1906. Yeah, the Lancaster community was the smallest of this era by far and didn’t last very long. I always have to make editorial decisions about what gets included in these, and this time Lancaster was one of those.
    1
  1907. Atheism carries with it the same dangerous level of certainty as fundamentalist religion.
    1
  1908. that dress was over the top... and oooooasome. ~s~
    1
  1909. Theology Note! Heaven as a paradise for God's chosen is not a thing in Judaism. The only person taken "to the heavens" is the prophet Elijah, who canonically is still alive up there and waiting to come back. Sheol is a holdover from the Old Gods as the domain of Horon, who later migrated into Greek paganism as Hades, but beyond the oldest parts of the Old Testament, the afterlife only becomes more ambiguous. By the time we get to Second Temple Judaism– i.e. the non-beta version of Judaism– there was open debate as to whether there even is an afterlife. Eventually, the House of Hillel prevailed with its belief that there was an immortal soul, but the fate of that soul was ambiguous, and it's been there ever since. Many schools of Jewish thought even believe in reincarnation, but unlike in Dante's own Roman Catholicism with its universal doctrines and Papal infallibility, Judaism doesn't have any central authority to decide what's what, and every idea about the afterlife out there is emphatically a hypothesis, and nobody claims to be certain. Generally speaking, Judaism teaches that our actions always have consequences in this world, both for ourselves and for the next generation, and that's what's most important. Anyway, shameless plug: if you like what I have to say, I have a channel that's all about ancient Jewish history. Come check it out!
    1
  1910. If y’all want to know more about the Maccabean Revolt, I have a series of videos for you... https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSmG0ySpQbe40_z3rRT59F1FRqq_VU5K7
    1
  1911. I'll just repeat what Last Week Tonight said so many years ago: why can't we just switch to Frank Sinatra Day?
    1
  1912. It's actually very common in the west for Sephardim to have arrived first. It's true of the UK and US.
    1
  1913. Oh no, I was only there for June-July, but I'm hoping to return for a series of North American speaking engagements. Email me if you can.
    1
  1914.  @mza3764  But Hebrew and Punic are closer to each other than to any other language, period. Closer even than to Aramaic and much closer than Arabic. Punic would have been largely mutually intelligible with Classical Hebrew.
    1
  1915. Update: Andromeda seems to have been a princess of Ethiopia who just happened to be chained to a rock in Jaffa.
    1
  1916. *DK1545 3248 BLACK/ORANGE 121 000006 7v1 50/18 140 274 |
    1
  1917. There’s a really bad movie about this from 2001 called The Affair of the Necklace about this, starring Hillary Swank and a bunch of other famous people. It made less than half a million dollars and is an utter mangling of both history and cinema. Please do not watch it.
    1
  1918. how did you do that with the button?
    1
  1919. Blucher! (neigh)
    1
  1920. (Sees title) I'm sorry, what?
    1
  1921. This isn't conservatism at all. This is crypto-anarchism, with a heaping chunk of blind tribal allegiance and a creamy layer of racially-tinged sour grapes.
    1
  1922. In Israel, the vaccination rate has slowed to a crawl because a way larger share of our population is children, and it's widely not believed that they can get sick. It's immensely frustrating. The curve of growth started leveling off in February.
    1
  1923. creeeeeeepy. ~s~
    1
  1924. Gimli approves of this video.
    1
  1925. Was Rick Berman the inspiration for Nick Naylor in Thank You For Smoking?
    1
  1926. Oh shit.
    1
  1927. Kasurgis it was already named for him before World War II.
    1
  1928. Kasurgis I never said otherwise.
    1
  1929.  @angelao1133 I also have playlists organized by time period and by region.
    1
  1930.  @Mark_Williams300  I don’t think I ever said that.
    1
  1931. No, both the word usage and the phrase are at least a century older.
    1
  1932. "Beyond the Pale" is first documented as a turn of phrase in the 17th century.
    1
  1933. Yeah, that sounds like Mercantilism, which we definitely don't have anymore.
    1
  1934. In America the high-water mark of organized crime was the 1920s, when the sale of alcohol was outlawed. It was a massive giveaway to gangsters. I had mobsters in my family at that time.
    1
  1935. Fun fact: Nebraska is the only US state with a unicameral script.
    1
  1936. Well, that's the greatest thumbnail of all time. Shut it down, everyone.
    1
  1937. 0:51 Why is Lorraine missing from France in 1848?
    1
  1938. Yay, you finally did it! So glad to have participated in the making of this film. Working with major practical effects are an incredible experience.
    1
  1939.  @dayalasingh5853 Sikhs were an option but too few responded, so for the graphic I included them with “other.”
    1
  1940. Cenk is the MASTER, bitch.
    1
  1941. waa! waaa!
    1
  1942. We all know Stephen Maturin got to the Galapagos first.
    1
  1943. More than anything else, I'm shocked and appalled that lawyer bars aren't a real thing. I know for a fact that cop bars and actor bars are real, and lawyer bars are such a common media trope, even in things that aren't generally about lawyers.
    1
  1944. You should've heard the stuff he said about exterminating gays.
    1
  1945. Garlic Mantra. ~s~
    1
  1946. Nobody tell Blue about Monophysites.
    1
  1947. Is that pin a reference to Hausu (1977)?
    1
  1948. ONE LAST TIME
    1
  1949. Where is the site for this test?
    1
  1950. California is the birthplace of American conservatism.
    1
  1951. Cenk took things in a disturbing direction right at the end there.
    1
  1952. Between History Matters, WW2, and this, is this Kaiser Week or something?
    1
  1953. I'm way late to this, but you'll be interested to know that "Salvatore" is actually a historically common name for Jewish men in Italy because it's the literal translation of their Hebrew name Yeshua; such as the rabbi Salvatore Segre and his great-great-grandson, WWI General Roberto Salvatore Segre.
    1
  1954. Conservative and Reform Judaism have definitely been on a convergent path over the last century or so. I personally remember my Reform congregation adopting more conservative rituals. I like to analogize the two to Anglicans and Methodists.
    1
  1955. I can't wait till I'm on this show next summer. ~s~
    1
  1956. Lindbergh wasn't technically the first to cross the Atlantic– the first crossing was from Newfoundland to Ireland. But New York to Paris was about twice the distance.
    1
  1957. Chris just got in that ass, closed the door behind him, and spray-painted "Chris Matthews was here."
    1
  1958. For the past month I’ve been imagining voice of Edward Teller (because of Oppenheimer) in the back of my head saying “you know, it’s possible that herding in the polls could be underestimating Harris” and I just tried to suppress it.
    1
  1959. Ana does love the latino men.
    1
  1960. (cue Russian troll brigade claiming that Russia won everything even though it's the wrong war)
    1
  1961. Ah yes, Virgil Goode, inventor of the Virgil Goode position! ~s~
    1
  1962. You'd be surprised what you can find if you ask for help from others interested in Jewish genealogy, have any notable rabbinic surnames in your background, or can read Cyrillic cursive (2/3 ain't bad).
    1
  1963. Hopefully Rawlinson responded "no more trenches."
    1
  1964. It's not a man shower. Its a bridal shower for guys. A Guydal shower. An hourlong shower with guys. ~s~
    1
  1965. Hebrew is the same; in fact "the organs" are the collective term for the pre-independence institutions in Israel that are public but still semi-independent from the government.
    1
  1966. No, you're right, its just a bigger area. Hinnom is the whole valley running south of the Old City and then curves around to the Sultan's Pool.
    1
  1967. Because it's just a promo. Why, have you found a technical issue with the survey? I'd be happy to address it.
    1
  1968.  @ultimatum5  Hooray, someone else on YouTube knows about Californios!
    1
  1969. Sweet Lion of Zion!
    1
  1970. pshhh. amateurs. I spend 30 hours a week just on porn. ~s~
    1
  1971. I kept thinking about Casino recently while watching Vice (bear with me). Rothstein is clearly motivated by vanity through the whole movie, it's his defining trait and it's the spine of the movie. I never got what drives Dick Cheney, or even Vice's version of Dick Cheney, and that was a problem.
    1
  1972. Thants.
    1
  1973. Yo visité pero no pudí filmar allí.
    1
  1974. The Ottoman Sultan literally sent ships to bring most of them over!
    1
  1975.  @skyrothman8651  They were both steel towns, which is why Birmingham, AL was so named.
    1
  1976. Wisconsinites failing for vote in 2010 and letting Ron Johnson unseat Russ Feingold was a mistake.
    1
  1977. Yes.
    1
  1978.  @GR-bn3xj It doesn’t matter that some professional athletes are rich. For one, most of them aren’t. But more importantly: if even famous athletes aren’t able to get a salary commensurate with the value that they bring to the team, how do you think you’ll fare with your employer?
    1
  1979. The Holy Roman Empire had it.
    1
  1980. I assume you're the one behind Project Revolution?
    1
  1981.  @mikefromwa  It serves DC but isn't located within the territory.
    1
  1982. I wouldn't know, but YouTube sucks sometimes.
    1
  1983. The presence of these douchebags is blowing up like a douche snowball until it results in a douchenova
    1
  1984. Matt Gray’s Glandular Leaves
    1
  1985. When we were chatting live below the TYT feed, people were screaming in anguish and confusion. ~s~ P.S. AAAAAAGH AAAAGH (throws head into wall) Batshit crazy. AAAAAAAGH AAAAAAAAAGH.
    1
  1986. Is that the same Cardenio as the lost Shakespeare play!?
    1
  1987. Yes! פצאל is the Hebrew version of فيصل!
    1
  1988. Minor quibble: Egyptian is Afroasiatic but not specifically Semitic.
    1
  1989. The Americas should be considered one continent but Africa should be considered separate from Eurasia. This is because the Panama Canal goes over the continent while the Suez Canal cuts directly through it.
    1
  1990.  @Vii905  The vast majority of Jews have traceable Middle Eastern ancestry.
    1
  1991. Tired: El Dorado Wired: Z
    1
  1992. It brings us the pizza!
    1
  1993. 0:17 When you said "state capitals," I was thinking like Bismarck or Sacramento.
    1
  1994. Yeah, the CCP sucks, but don’t take anything the Falun Gong says at face value, either.
    1
  1995. 1. Presidents Day 2. Memorial Day 3. Independence Day 4. Labor Day 5. Veterans Day 6. Thanksgiving bitches.
    1
  1996. It means 20:00.
    1
  1997. Blucher! (neigh)
    1
  1998. Lukashenko: ... ... ...Is potato.
    1
  1999. All politics is relative to the countries. There is no objective global political compass.
    1
  2000. By percentage Victoria is very Jewish, which is ironic considering who else lives there.
    1
  2001. Nixon wasn't ousted by the Republicans. He was pressured by a Congress that was controlled by the Democrats, and some Republicans joined them out of electoral self-preservation.
    1
  2002. This was a veiled reference to a living public figure in Norway that I don't want to deal with personally. There was a fair amount of that in the late-video (I also didn't mention a certain mayor in Sweden), which is one of the reasons I don't like dealing with events within the last 20 years or so.
    1
  2003. The legacy of the New Atheists is complicated and spans the political spectrum. Like a lot of things.
    1
  2004. Recent polls show that Americans are pretty firmly opposed to ending birthright citizenship. But the current position of the White House is that polls are Democratic psyops anytime they don't show Republicans winning.
    1
  2005. Missouri just re-legalized paddling as a form of punishment in public schools.
    1
  2006. You've got it the wrong way around, while family (usually) descends through the male line, Jewishness descends through the female line. And Jews consider Jesus to have been Jewish on both an ethnic and religious basis. Messianic claimants were fairly common in the 1st century and none of them were questionable in their Jewishness.
    1
  2007. Right before this caller, I called in and invented the word mouth-love.
    1
  2008.  @ooshwiggity  Sophomoric fool! Temple of Doom tried to do too much and some of it worked while some of it didn't!
    1
  2009.  @zgramzhnisk3036  Oh, Erdoğan has made a lot of overtly antisemitic statements off the cuff throughout his career, just not in prepared remarks. I came across a lot of it in the sources by Bali. Erbakan was even worse.
    1
  2010.  @Sadoyasturadoglu  The MHP.
    1
  2011. Those Byzantines loved a good gouging.
    1
  2012. I have been known to fumble my words from time to time.
    1
  2013. I told Jesus I thought it was Alaska. He stole my Alaska! grrr.
    1
  2014.  @lonpollard902  All of your comments are visible.
    1
  2015. Girkin is wrong in fact. It was the Mensheviks which had a large proportion of Jews and Georgians, and even then they together made up about half of the faction. The Bolsheviks were disproportionately composed of ethnic Russians, but the most extreme Russian nationalists prefer to deny this.
    1
  2016. Oh, the parliamentary system is far preferable to ours. Don't take it for granted.
    1
  2017. He was; I'm saying that he was a non-black artist who grew up ensconced in black art, just as Rossini was a gentile artist who came up ensconced in Jewish art.
    1
  2018. Well, neither was theater, but I think we covered that pretty well.
    1
  2019.  @PippetWhippet  Except that Holocaust denial is something that is done with the specific agenda of opening the door to cause physical harm to millions of people.
    1
  2020. I feel attacked by the motion interpolation in these movie clips.
    1
  2021. They say of the Acropolis where the Parthenon is
    1
  2022. “Ani Indy Neidell veze Bein Milhamatayim.”
    1
  2023. "John" or Yohanan is a Hebrew name.
    1
  2024. CORRECTION: Ice cream already existed and was a very popular dessert at the time of the American Revolution.
    1
  2025.  @marocat4749  They're basically Lost Causers. They don't care that Russia isn't Marxist; they just want revenge on the West for winning the Cold War.
    1
  2026. Iannucci, get on it.
    1
  2027.  @TimeGhost  Well, much earlier than expected. Thanks, Monash!
    1
  2028. Confirmed: Longcat beats Thor
    1
  2029. so many urgent things that take greater precedence. Like THE WAR. ~s~
    1
  2030. Tourist-friendly desecration.
    1
  2031. I endorsed Obama in one of my videos. ~s~
    1
  2032. Yeah, this story sounds like the 19th century version of a Chick Tract, minus the anti-Catholic stuff.
    1
  2033. Well that’s the worst pronunciation of “Nofit” I’ve ever heard. EDIT: and “Rambam.”
    1
  2034. Sorry, I misread your original comment.
    1
  2035. Surprised he didn't mention it with the concept of splitting the British from the French.
    1
  2036. You know in Boston loyalty is everything. Say hi to your motha for me.
    1
  2037. What about in France, where the painted eggs are brought over by a giant hovering bell from Rome?
    1
  2038. Thank you, Borat.
    1
  2039. @cne08 But those guys are Americans too! It's not a fair analogy.
    1
  2040. mindfreak? he's some kind of freak...
    1
  2041. Charl is love. Charl is life.
    1
  2042. This is true! In fact I quoted him in this very video. But being a staff officer, he just quietly removed himself from the list rather than having to speak up about it.
    1
  2043. "Although you can still make it convincing if...they dissolve into sand or something." Not anymore.
    1
  2044. Jaffa Street in Jerusalem and Jerusalem Boulevard in Jaffa are both now car-free, tram and pedestrian thoroughfares. Their importance to their respective cities is analogous to Market Street in San Francisco.
    1
  2045. glad i finally got to see the second part. Go Cenk! You're whooping Ben Ferguson's ass. ~s~
    1
  2046.  @djole94hns Anybody but Him
    1
  2047. I thought they looked similar.
    1
  2048. Who else is here (or back) because of The Favourite?
    1
  2049. Ana's on vacation in Hawaii.
    1
  2050. I've worn the all-wool Dunkirk uniform. Not comfortable in August. In Burbank. With a wetsuit underneath. Still worth it to be in the movie.
    1
  2051. It actually looks like Jamaica will probably elect a Jewish PM next year, but I doubt we'll see the same kind of clueless discourse around it here.
    1
  2052.  @TheFrewah there are railways connecting the US more extensively than Russia but they’re privatized and the government needs to pay and get permission to run passenger trains.
    1
  2053. A few days ago I saw some gloating Vatniks in the west comment that the spring offensive wasn't coming and that it was all a ruse by Zelensky to obtain western money and weapons in the face of inevitable and imminent Russian victory (it immediately got super-antisemitic). The dam thing is clearly a distraction by Russia and there is indication now that last night's offensives were the beginning of the larger counteroffensive. Happy D-Day.
    1
  2054. People who worship A-10s tend to be the same people whose understanding of air power ends at about 1990.
    1
  2055. In fairness, she is also a Holocaust-denier and absolute monarchist.
    1
  2056. "Kass' Theme" from BOTW. All music is listed in the end credits of each video.
    1
  2057. Yeah, I wrote most of this script in October/November.
    1
  2058. He's still on trial. He's fighting a war to avoid an election.
    1
  2059. Good round kitty.
    1
  2060. Ceatalchioi is pronounced “chat-al-ki-oy.”
    1
  2061. This isn’t my native accent. The Pasadena accent is more like Chicago, but I learned to speak the eastern way.
    1
  2062. i think we just added a new word to the lexicon: triple president. ~s~
    1
  2063. How many have you seen?
    1
  2064. The voice threw me right off!
    1
  2065. ...And here comes Ho Chi Minh.
    1
  2066. Where the hell is escheat, socage, burgage, or the bailiwicks of Gerard d'Athée?
    1
  2067. 1920 holy shit.
    1
  2068. You should know then that Iasi is often Anglicized to “Jassy.”
    1
  2069. That isn't all I had.
    1
  2070. Fun fact about the LAPD in the late '90s: a good share of it was an adjunct of the Bloods and was thus responsible for distributing drugs.
    1
  2071. Given a certain situation, any group of people can be made to hate another group.
    1
  2072. 0:28 HEDGES ARE NOT SCARY
    1
  2073. Your convergent evolution with Eddy continues...
    1
  2074. I've updated the description to include it.
    1
  2075. False. John Mulaney taught us that the best way to rob a bank is to do it before 1939.
    1
  2076. Sean Hannity Movie Reviews needs to be a gimmick account!
    1
  2077. But, but, but---- it's the biggest exporter of beef! Crisis Averted!
    1
  2078. I stand by the idea that China has more gold medals because it specializes in hyper-individualized sports to which large non-democratic states are inclined (the USSR also used to have this phenomenon when it existed).
    1
  2079. It's because thirty years ago, the far right turned organized religion (especially evangelical groups) into a highly organized political force; and used God as an excuse to create policies that were divisive, intolerant, and backward. This coalition has begun to fall apart as of late.
    1
  2080. Back in the 1980s, some magazine or other did a profile on what life would be like in 2013, and indeed one of the predictions was that every house would have a cooking robot who was an annoying hillbilly and constantly sung old country songs. The writer of the article genuinely believed that this was a thing people would want. Then again, that was the height of the line dancing craze.
    1
  2081. Ethiopia, which is Christian, mind you, still uses a calendar that's about 8 years behind the rest of the world and places the New Year in October. It's about to be 2010 there.
    1
  2082.  @archer8849  Yes, the War of Attrition. It’s the reason Israel became a western ally.
    1
  2083.  @HENSIONAVDUli  It’s like Historia Civilis said: “no country defeated Napoleon. Every country defeated Napoleon.” And of course the Russians then took Paris unilaterally in order to pretend that they had won on their own, which scared the British so much that they brought France back in as an ally.
    1
  2084. (Obligatory John Wayne joke)
    1
  2085. Orbán, I'm afraid, is far less dependent on Putin's influence for his authoritarian rule.
    1
  2086. That's a good Fry squint in the thumbnail.
    1
  2087. aw pobrecito ~s~
    1
  2088. Holy shit I was just in Jerusalem today. Ended up walking along the top of the old city wall. By accident. Weird day.
    1
  2089. So why are various translations of Green and White also common among Jewish surnames?
    1
  2090. A few years ago I heard some opinions that too many people were going into law so the market became oversaturated. Sadly the days when a rabbinic ordination qualified you to be a jurist, physician, cleric, philosopher, diplomat, or scientist are long gone.
    1
  2091. It's going to be splendid! ~s~
    1
  2092. Does it just come with the job, like those beaded seat covers?
    1
  2093. Shit man, I'm Jewish and I'm baffled at how many Russian Jewish officials are still hanging around, especially when I see how viciously antisemitic the Vatniks tend to be (while also claiming that Ukraine are the Nazis, of course). Fucking embarrassing.
    1
  2094. Go back to 1980! The sign had completely rusted and fallen apart.
    1
  2095. Well the Seleucids had already tried to invade one of their previous allies (Egypt), and now there was another polity that wanted an alliance, so why not? That's pretty basic international politics.
    1
  2096. Trump isn’t nearly as charming as Steve-O.
    1
  2097. whoa I did not mean that. I was having too much fun with the audio preview. But that doesn't mean it's not true. ~s~
    1
  2098. cantwell sucks ass
    1
  2099. And Beit HaTikva is actually Yeruham.
    1
  2100. And for the record, my first girlfriend introduced me to this channel in the Spring of 2008, but I didn't become a regular viewer until exactly a decade later when I discovered Crash Course.
    1
  2101. I'm American (born 1989) and grew up with the electric kettle, the coffee dripper, and the Meterstab. I have no connections to Germany except that my uncles served there in 1944-45 and 1968-70 respectively.
    1
  2102. The supposed inevitability of romantic subplots is the reason I couldn't get a girlfriend in high school. You can't reverse-engineer real life.
    1
  2103. The House of Representatives doesn’t vote on judicial appointments.
    1
  2104. My usual combo is onions, tehina, amba, and zhug.
    1
  2105. Feins are a real hit-and miss. I've never met a mediocre Fein.
    1
  2106. "Look it up, it's true!" –James Somerton
    1
  2107.  @hd-xc2lz  Don't worry, this is just a white nationalist talking point.
    1
  2108. Do a video about "hey now" so people will discover the Larry Sanders Show.
    1
  2109. Tina. I...no, definitely Tina.
    1
  2110. Glasgow built an underground first!
    1
  2111. Thailand. Of course. ~s~ no offense to viewers from Thailand, but come on.
    1
  2112. 3:38 YI (indifferent dinosaur face)
    1
  2113.  @MarcosElMalo2  Of course. It had to be either Guanajuato, Jalisco, Michoacan, or Oaxaca.
    1
  2114. Ewps.
    1
  2115. The Y-DNA from his son is incomplete; the stronger case comes from the mitochondrial DNA of his wife, which says nothing about Columbus.
    1
  2116.  @Headhunter_212 IMO that’s more just the culture of Boston sports fandom in general. Just look at the entire history of the Pats, Celtics, and Bruins. “Say hi to your motha for me” indeed!
    1
  2117. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5QRP_SaMZ08
    1
  2118.  @Alusnovalotus  One does not call a Pasadenan an LA native. Anyway the accent comes from the city's founders, who mostly came from around Lake Michigan.
    1
  2119. erospawn I’m Israeli. Stop pretending to like me.
    1
  2120. I got a Nebula subscription today and I owe it all to our lord and savior Charl.
    1
  2121. I too got a lot of enjoyment out of knowing the insane, movie-worthy story happening just offscreen.
    1
  2122. בקרוב. אפילו עבוד אם הארוץ אל–מוקדימה שעושה ההיסטוריה של האיסלם כדי לדבר עליה.
    1
  2123. Yeah, when Cenk said "a special guest" was coming, I was reeaally hoping for Jill. I have no idea who this woman is. We'll probably find out soon.
    1
  2124. Best movie of 1993?
    1
  2125. I think you underestimate the base.
    1
  2126.  @PORRRIDGE_GUN  I'd venture a guess that the RAF was also the most Jewish branch of the military at the time. This has always been the case in the US and was also the case in WWI-era Germany. The reasoning for this seems to be that (1) it was beneficial to have a civilian degree to become a pilot and (2) air units were generally not classified as a combat units when they were founded and thus seen as "less noble" than the more established infantry, cavalry, and navy. For the same reasons, artillery and engineer units were also quite a bit more diverse.
    1
  2127. (Relevant reference to Long Way Round)
    1
  2128.  @tdb7992  Have you checked out the lyrics of most national anthems?
    1
  2129. You know who loves snow? Cinematographers and people in the Middle East.
    1
  2130. MLK was nooooot a republican.
    1
  2131. HERE COMES RAWLINSON
    1
  2132. "Oh Rudy, you've done it again!" –Seth Meyers
    1
  2133. See also: motion smoothing as the default setting on new TVs switching 24fps to 60fps, each with a different name depending on brand that you have to hunt for and know to hunt for in the menu.
    1
  2134. FAIL
    1
  2135. Okily-dokily.
    1
  2136. That's the only way I've heard it pronounced by native English speakers, even in (Jewish) Sunday school.
    1
  2137. Then I shall rename it Edward!
    1
  2138. Check out Historia Civilis.
    1
  2139. RIP Pizzamas 2020. It brought us the pizza.
    1
  2140. This is just a LaRouchian.
    1
  2141. The “conservative 1950s” are a myth of 1970s and 1980s.
    1
  2142. The sexual prohibitions in the Torah were not considered part of the ritual canon, and so Zvi upheld them. What you are describing is a later development within Sabbateanism, particularly the Thessaloniki Cult of Berechia Russo (early 18th c.), which later evolved into Frankism. The overt abandonment of ritual law was basically a repeat of the same phenomenon in early Christianity. Zvi, like some Zoharists before him, believed that the arrival of the messianic age made ritual observance obsolete. So not Satanic, just antinomian.
    1
  2143. Hammer Pants!!! ~s~
    1
  2144. I had the pleasure of attending the race and it was a very good time. TYT should have more live events. ~s~
    1
  2145. I will, however, miss the costumes.
    1
  2146. 5:59 THE OLD HEBREW GODS!!! (historygasm)
    1
  2147. isn't that 1-20-09? coz that already passed. ~s~
    1
  2148. I have a more general question about the war: in a technological environment where both sides can always see what each other is doing, how do militaries maintain the element of surprise? Clearly Ukraine was able to do so in the latest counteroffensive, but only because they were fully aware of where the Russians were committing their resources. Why didn’t that apply both ways?
    1
  2149. The south doesn't want them either. They can all live in Alaska. ~s~
    1
  2150. Bachmann, Limbaugh, nice teutonic names...
    1
  2151. Chicago is one of my favorite cities in America. Even though I only spent one weekend there, it was ridiculously friendly and happening. It was like everywhere was a party and everyone was invited. I have a cousin who is the last member of our family to live there (my grandpa grew up on the Near West Side and was a reserve player for the Blackhawks), and she refuses to move to Los Angeles because compared to Chicago it's too boring.
    1
  2152. IT BRINGS US THE PIZZA
    1
  2153. If you're an artist and someone wants to pay you in experience and/or exposure, blame the Romantics.
    1
  2154. Tony is made of awesome.
    1
  2155. "Ha siktir, shut up and sit down, kid!" ~s~
    1
  2156. Spain didn't join NATO until 1982. You were thinking of Portugal.
    1
  2157. Not exactly. He and I both take inspiration from Jon Bois.
    1
  2158. So when the T-90 turret was spinning nonstop in all those propaganda videos, that wasn’t supposed to be happening?
    1
  2159. Like Disraeli, Albright is Jewish by ancestry but not by practice or upbringing.
    1
  2160. Chang'E we can believe in.
    1
  2161.  @raushanaljufri  You're right. I had to take a law class for film school and was assigned to re-litigate the Royal Pains lawsuit between Hayden Christensen and the USA network, which used the 9th circuit doctrine of implied-in-fact contract as a persuasive precedent and applied it to the 2nd circuit, thus making it binding in that jurisdiction.
    1
  2162. What do you care? Are you afraid of breaking ranks and giving in to your real feelings?
    1
  2163.  @lasthelas  Alright, have it your way. I like your cooking.
    1
  2164. I'm from Pasadena where addresses start at 1 but it's always determined by the distance from the main street, even if the street you're on never goes near there. So I grew up at #765 even though the street was only three blocks long. It gets crazier because there was always an 8-number gap between each house, so you'd go from 765 to 773 to 791. But then I moved to San Francisco where the street number always starts at 1 no matter where the street is.
    1
  2165. Why did Russia name their planes after islands they sold to the US anyway?
    1
  2166. There is a distressing lack of Maimonides in this video.
    1
  2167.  @drewmalesky9869  Experts are uncertain.
    1
  2168.  @DonFahquidmi  No, but this video did make me seek out a Reggie Bar. They're back.
    1
  2169. OBJECTION: Where did you get that tie!?
    1
  2170. This survey was held before the 2022 elections were called.
    1
  2171. Dean’s campaign was already on a sharp decline; the scream was already after that and was something comedy writers obsessed over.
    1
  2172. “Najash” is just Hebrew for “snake.”
    1
  2173. wow, Jayar puts his foot down in this one. But serio, Fox Noise was just trying to be stupid-clever. "McCain got a new ho." lol. ~s~
    1
  2174.  @MillieMillieGoodDog  Hitler greatly exaggerated Germany's economic challenges, particularly reparations. Germany fared far better after WWI than the other Central Powers and had already successfully renegotiated its reparations payments. Mind you, Germany's economic problems were bad, but they were still mischaracterized. Britain had most of the same problems as Germany by virtue of already being in economic doldrums in the 1920s and this didn't happen to them.
    1
  2175. I did list them at least. The trouble with these types of specials is that they cover such a broad range of history that I can't go as deep as I might otherwise. They also take a lot longer to put together, but the tradeoff is that they're much more reliably popular.
    1
  2176. Congratulations and also don't scare us like that.
    1
  2177. 2:20 Flag alert! Flanders is part of Belgium, and Holland ≠ the Netherlands. You've got the flag of the Province of Holland there.
    1
  2178. "Trains are the opposite of anarchy." Tell that to Nestor Makhno.
    1
  2179. I live in Israel and got to meet a descendant of Daher Omar, one of the many, many local governors who revolted against the Ottomans in the 18th-19th centuries and established their own unrecognized pseudostates. Did a fine job running the place, much better than the Ottomans had been doing. His house is a hotel in Nazareth now. You should check it out if you're around there.
    1
  2180. Fun fact: the Battle of Tabsor is the only interesting thing that has ever happened in Raanana.
    1
  2181. In the right context, “my parents divorced at 23” is genuinely more fucked up than if they’d done it earlier.
    1
  2182. If you believe Nazis were socialists, you must believe that North Korea is a democratic people's republic.
    1
  2183.  @shinyyonovit6635  You misunderstand. Most of Alta California's land area was beyond the effective jurisdiction of the Mexican state. That isn't to say all of it was. At maximum, the costal plain as far north as Santa Rosa, the Coachella and Imperial Valleys, and the lower Sacramento Valley were under Mexican control and that was it.
    1
  2184.  @shinyyonovit6635  I wasn't negating their presence, just putting into perspective that lines drawn on a map by diplomats in Europe doesn't really align with the palimpsest of Spanish cultural influence within the current borders of the US, which only really extends to six of the states. And to apply that to the influence of Mexico is more difficult still, since none of those northernmost territories participated in the War of Independence and the nature of Mexican national identity wasn't well-formed until the Reform War, by which point those areas were part of the US. tl;dr Call a Californio "Mexican" and see what happens. As for the map issue, that was purely a visual effects issue. Since there was no Jewish presence in Alta California, Nuevo México, or Tejas; and since all of the relevant action of the War of Independence and everything after 1848 happened within modern Mexico's borders, it was simply easier for the sake of visual editing to focus in on that area.
    1
  2185. Well, Stephen Baldwin is well known for his oscar-worthy role in Bio-Dome. (note: I said this in the live Ustream this afternoon) ~s~
    1
  2186. Hunting anything out of a helicopter is pretty weak sauce, if you ask me.
    1
  2187. How dare you, Seth. The disguises from The Americans were all excellent!
    1
  2188. "Why do we have to look at these old ugly women!!??....when we could be looking at masculine beauty instead..." lol. ~s~
    1
  2189. yes it is.
    1
  2190. To quote Vaclav Havel “I assume you didn’t elect me to lie to you.”
    1
  2191. Kansas City isn’t southern-sounding at all in my experience,
    1
  2192. Jack M Bernie Sanders is no more a centrist in European politics than he is in American politics. Americans have fantastical ideas about what the rest of the world is like politically.
    1
  2193.  @PsycamoreOSRS-lw8xo  Eiji Sawamura was the player who was killed. Moe Berg was the multilingual player who became a spy.
    1
  2194. Fascinating and harrowing. Thank you.
    1
  2195. This is a radical misunderstanding of Judaism that seems primarily based on retroactive Christian "interpretations."
    1
  2196. Well, since the Clinton Impeachment, the act itself has been associated with cheap political points. It's weird that way. ~s~
    1
  2197. Thoughts of the Oakland Athletics. If only baseball had promotion and relegation.
    1
  2198. If it makes you feel better, John, my home country of Israel nearly eradicated COVID-19 but then abandoned the project altogether out of boredom and a deep-seated desire to slash the national budget. So you're not alone in the profound callousness and stupidity.
    1
  2199. 1. Hebrew and Arabic. 2. Sura and Pumbedita had most of the geonim. Tiberias and Ramla had a couple. Kairouan had the last of them. And the masters in Spain aren’t considered Geonim but the first generation of them aren’t considered Rishonim either. It’s all pretty nebulous.
    1
  2200.  @jolly_39  The Russian monarchy had already been abolished for 8 months when the Bolsheviks seized power.
    1
  2201. You should say JUSTICE! It's in your style. ~s~
    1
  2202. That's the first thing I thought too. I was like, "if he didn't know it was racist then why is it funny?"
    1
  2203. I get “wrong map” as the majority of comments on my India video (despite Omniatlas showing facts on the ground as its entire conceit) because Modi made “wrong map” a criminal statute and idiots think it applies to the entire world.
    1
  2204. Cenk lost a lot of weight in Pittsburgh!
    1
  2205. It's just a business district.
    1
  2206. Again, Artur, area in the US is measured in Rhode Islands!
    1
  2207. If Carthage means "New Town," was New Carthage actually "New New Town?"
    1
  2208. I found nothing of note on the subject regarding Frederick Douglass.
    1
  2209. I don't know where you got that about Shakespeare, but if anything the opposite is true. Only in the Romantic and Victorian eras did the idea of art as personal expression gain popularity, whereas before it was just seen as a skill, hence "playwright," as in someone who wrights a play as one might wright iron. Not coincidentally it was the Victorian era that birthed the conspiracy theory that Shakespeare didn't write his plays– the argument being that nobody of such low birth could produce anything worthy of such historic admiration.
    1
  2210. I've similarly been very depressed lately; probably clinically as well. It's hot, my roommate doesn't believe in science or illness, and I've spent so much time working on my channel that I've seemingly lost the ability to do anything else with my time. I need to start reading again. Maybe go up the river and just chill out.
    1
  2211. of coooooourse! ~s~
    1
  2212. Tankies are just Lost Causers for the Cold War.
    1
  2213. No.
    1
  2214.  @Spearca  The City of Washington and the District of Columbia have been one and the same since 1871.
    1
  2215. What do you mean by "cover?" And why Maryland?
    1
  2216. Less crappy makeouts, more A.K. ~s~
    1
  2217.  @gyllenspetzfamily7993 The problem with Arsenal is they always try to walk it in. Did you see that ridiculous display last night?
    1
  2218. It's his son.
    1
  2219. Artur, I hate to tell you this, but the far-right in Israel is 100% in agreement with Putin on the nature of the Ukrainian state and Zelensky.
    1
  2220. Joo-powers activate! ;) ~s~
    1
  2221. "He became non-linear."
    1
  2222. Serious request: please review The Affair of the Necklace, if only because it might be the worst historical film I've ever seen.
    1
  2223. I'm aware that it isn't pejorative in Polish. It varies by country. In many European countries its variants are considered offensive; the English-speaking world has an interesting history of this in that "Jew" was treated as a slur in the 19th-century US but not the UK, which is why replacement terms like "Israelite" and "Hebrew" fell out of fashion in the 1890s.
    1
  2224. Hey Artur, I would appreciate you not using AI-generated imagery in your thumbnails or at least made a disclaimer. We in the HistoryTuber community have come to the position that YouTube should mark such imagery the way DeviantArt does.
    1
  2225. I just released a video last week about pro-Russian ultranationalists massacring Jews in the present-day capital of Moldova, all in the name of Russian supremacy. As part of the research for the video, I discovered that the instigator of that massacre, Pavel Krushevan, is not only considered the national hero of the breakaway republic of Transnistria but has undergone a literary rehabilitation in Russia under the supervision of Putin's government. That should tell you all you need to know about how he views this country, and Ilan Shor, who helped facilitate the attempted coup from hiding in my own country of Israel, should be regarded as an embarrassment and traitor to this nation. Slava Ukraini, Slava Moldovei Libere.
    1
  2226. I've been off this show for a month (very busy), but now I remember why I like it. ~s~
    1
  2227. dancing metrosexual cowboy values... ~s~
    1
  2228. *"dahl"
    1
  2229.  @TeddyBelcher4kultrawide I hope you’re safe right now.
    1
  2230. You could just be uninterested in the added complication of having to be camera-ready, have a set, and perform visually in addition to vocally.
    1
  2231. Greece in Hebrew is called "Yavan," from "Ionia." EDIT: Because Ionia and Judea were both part of the Persian Empire. It's kind of the mirror-image of where the name "Greece" comes from.
    1
  2232. 7:59 nice doggy
    1
  2233. That was foreshadowing.
    1
  2234. Exactly. Everyone knows that immigrants vote Tammany! ~s~
    1
  2235. The Democratic Party genuinely is center-left on the whole;* it’s just divided government makes it way easier for Republicans to prevent new policy than for Democrats to implement it. People who claim otherwise either don’t know enough about American politics or simply assume Europe is a socialist monolith.
    1
  2236. The Zionist movement began in the 1880s– it was a Jewish movement led by Jewish politicians; nothing to do with the UK until the First World War and nothing to do with the US at all– and there has been a continuous Jewish population going back to antiquity.
    1
  2237. Nobody likes a smug firstie. ~s~
    1
  2238. There's a 500-meter underground aqueduct in Jerusalem that was built around 1800 BCE. There were still woolly mammoths living on Wrangel Island when it was dug.
    1
  2239. nice use of the word "bilious"
    1
  2240. the main show is free. The post-game is payful.
    1
  2241. Thank you so much!
    1
  2242.  @Bluemoon_75  Trudeau did an excellent job of making sure there's no obvious successor, which demonstrates what his priorities were from the start.
    1
  2243.  @grmpf  Yeah, as soon as I heard that this was about the UN "passing a law" I knew this was an American fundamentalist fantasy. The UN isn't a lawmaking body, it's a forum that can put together treaties, and signing onto one is entirely voluntary. But these people really want it to be a lawmaking body because that conforms to their religious teaching that the UN is a one-world government and thus the seat of the coming Antichrist (assuming that their particular theology doesn't just say that about Catholicism).
    1
  2244. Yes, that's a perfect analogy, thank you!
    1
  2245. Orange County is a big place and it certainly isn't the WASP enclave that it was 30 years ago. It's very Asian and Hispanic. Furthermore the Angels' fan area extends into the Inland Empire.
    1
  2246. Entirely on the results of exams? What about school grades, entrance exams, extracurricular activities, application essay, interview, legacy, and affirmative action?
    1
  2247. a defense shield? like a big glass dome? ~s~
    1
  2248. Extremely online men under 30 are big into replenishing the Volk.
    1
  2249. Not only did Henry V die just two months before Charles VI, but his son grew up to have disabling mental illness much in the same vein as Charles had had.
    1
  2250. "Adam" is revered as a prophet in Islam. And actually "Adam" isn't a common name among native Hebrew-speakers at all, since it just means "human."
    1
  2251. CORRECTION: Pencils never contained lead; they always contained graphite which is much easier to write with. It was just called "lead" because of the similarity in appearance.
    1
  2252. Obligatory Anchorman 2 reference
    1
  2253.  @andre.bouchard  This is a topic concerning American history that is part of the podcast; it's not about being the center of the world, it's about being relevant to the discussion.
    1
  2254. My life has been forever enriched by the sight of rioting priests. Thank you.
    1
  2255.  @robynnordstrom7799  This. They just see a Sigma Grindset.
    1
  2256. Europe is suffering so terribly that I'm going to visit Málaga in March and play in the snow.
    1
  2257. I remember this because New York has the neighborhood of Flatbush, which was originally "Vlacke Bos," or "flat forest." Plus it's cognate with "bush," I.E. "the wild country beyond the cities."
    1
  2258. As far as I know, the video didn't show up on the channel until today. ~s~
    1
  2259. "Wow, Mike Pence's Spanish makes Michael Bloomberg sound like the mayor or Barcelona." So they sound the same?
    1
  2260. 2:12 MIDDLE CLASS INTENSIFIES
    1
  2261. No, the location is very well-documented. This is a light form of an antisemitic trope called Temple Denial, and you can discount pretty much anything called "The Coming Temple" as evangelical apocalyptic prophecy.
    1
  2262.  @ashenen2278  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sNIjGRnxnA8
    1
  2263. Ben rules, he should be on more.
    1
  2264. They say of the Acropolis where the Parthenon is that there are no straight lines.
    1
  2265.  @brianalice  Not for people from Pasadena. We used to be one of California's biggest cities. We even have a different accent. You'll see.
    1
  2266. I grew up in a mostly-black inner-city neighborhood and my father still received a brochure from the Klan when my parents moved there.
    1
  2267. Putin (and that Mearsheimer guy who blames this invasion on the west) cannot conceive of small states as having agency. In his mind, they are just puppets and potential puppets of the Great Powers. Combine this with centuries-old Russian political narrative that western opposition is personal rather than geopolitical and you get the self-fulfilling prophecy of today. Putin was not prepared for NATO or the EU to actually present a united front, especially not when his government has spent 20 years sowing disunity within that front, because he cannot conceive of his own actions as a unifying threat to a coalition of independent nations.
    1
  2268. The original Bluey.
    1
  2269. 1. Habsburgs be bitter 2. Anschluss be illegal
    1
  2270. 10:30 The phrase "safely hoisted" has given me Opposite Worlds flashbacks.
    1
  2271. "Ain't no rule says a convicted felon can't be elected President." –Air Trump (1997)
    1
  2272. The interviewer is Sam Rubin, who died around the time this video came out. RIP.
    1
  2273. Other direction: Jewish merchants traveling east from Ashkenaz.
    1
  2274. Cossacks and the Black Hundreds aren't the same thing. The Black Hundreds were a proto-fascist group that enjoyed the favor of the Emperor after the first failed attempt at democracy in 1906 while Cossacks are just a generic term for Turko-Slavic nomads which is unfairly used synonymously with the BH's in America.
    1
  2275. Tim seems (understandably) even more upset than usual. Sending hugs.
    1
  2276. Katherine Heigl has been increasingly obnoxious. It started when she starred in Knocked Up, and then turned around and called Judd Apatow sexist. ~s~
    1
  2277. People talk about how bad the sequel is, but all the problems in that movie are just pumped up from the problems in the original here. It's just so sensationalistic and cheesy; it's weird that it kicked off a decade-long revival of interest in the historical Elizabeth (to varying degrees of historical accuracy).
    1
  2278. ...And Macedonia is Eric!
    1
  2279. Billo has a bias for Billo. Case closed. ~s~
    1
  2280. Ah, the Hagia Sophia, made famous by being something Tom Scott didn’t know about!
    1
  2281. Uff da, Matt. I'm so sorry to hear about your health of late. I know it's been a long journey with this and I'll be keeping you in my thoughts for as long as it takes.
    1
  2282.  @saturationstation1446 Cancer isn’t one disease. It’s like saying “why don’t we have a cure for Virus?” And a cure would still make a fuckton of money.
    1
  2283. All of this because some prosecutor in New Orleans didn't understand basic geometry.
    1
  2284. Taiwan’s constitution is amazing.
    1
  2285. Well, the truth is Bush was a disaster, as was twelve years of Republican leadership in congress. When economic times are tough, the Democrats get elected because at the end of the day, the American people do not take the GOP seriously. As for your previous comment, most of the people who identify with their religion barely practice it. I hail from both Catholic and Jewish stock, and have yet to attend a service I was not obligated to attend. The same for many of those "religious" Americans.
    1
  2286.  @andrejsurdevics6476  What makes you assume that?
    1
  2287. A similar law is proposed in Louisville, KY. ~s~
    1
  2288.  @thecityissleeping  His government has made it very clear from the start that the majority of the public are enemies of "the people." Plus he's no longer really in control, it's all Ben-Gvir and his terrorist buddies who now have license to arm themselves and start a civil war.
    1
  2289. second
    1
  2290. Oh. Then this is just me being an ass again.
    1
  2291. Frank ate the Rainbow Crow.
    1
  2292. this is the "white house dog all over again."
    1
  2293. The speech that Seagal was reading clearly wasn't written in English originally. There's all kinds of grammatical and syntactical weirdness.
    1
  2294. That settles it. It’s been 20 years. I’m finally watching this tonight.
    1
  2295. Now I want a "no ants" yard sign.
    1
  2296. It’s been the top story in Israel’s evening news for the past week. And we get less US news than most European countries.
    1
  2297. Oh, this is older than the Reagan presidency. As far as New York it goes back to the sixties.
    1
  2298. Are you saying man who tried to put rubber fist up my anus was a homosexual?
    1
  2299. Probably between the original Islamic conquest and the First Crusade.
    1
  2300.  @anonymouse9105  If they're white.
    1
  2301. Change the names of the evil ones from Tobians to Shrevians! ~s~
    1
  2302. It's all in the end credits.
    1
  2303. The slowness of the music is messing with my brain.
    1
  2304. Nice try! Everybody knows there's no such thing as a fish.
    1
  2305.  @sean668  It was never "Joisey," it was more like "juyzy," and was prominent among speakers born before 1920.
    1
  2306. Alexandra of Judea.
    1
  2307. Correction, sir: our continent was actually named after Richard â Merrick, a rather egotistical Welsh cartographer.
    1
  2308. IT BRINGS US THE PIZZA
    1
  2309. It's more like Baseball but there are only two bases. I often find British people assume that you score a point for each base reached instead of each run.
    1
  2310. New JJ New WW2 New Linfamy New Extra History New Oversimplified Hell of a Saturday.
    1
  2311. That's not what a majority is.
    1
  2312. "It's okay, it's---- no, he's dead."
    1
  2313. Not yet, though. The only way we can get people on the right track is by playing to win, like Wexler does, have pride in our politics, and be caring and appealing. ~s~
    1
  2314. not zinc?
    1
  2315. I'll be real with you: I thought this was going to be about the Raëlians.
    1
  2316. @6:00 I hate to tell you this, but the vast majority of the British nobility are not peers. Peers are members of the House of Lords, of which only 93 are hereditary nobles (other hereditary nobles may be appointed to a lifetime seat in the House of Lords, but it's not by virtue of their titles).
    1
  2317. And Johnny McCain ran away. ~s~
    1
  2318. Oh my God, I did something like this in high school and it was up to 2030. It's long lost but I remember some of it. I called a second Cold War. But I thought it would be fought mostly in sub-saharan Africa instead of the internet.
    1
  2319. If there must be a criticism of the site, it must be of the use of the Mercator Projection.
    1
  2320. of cooooourse!
    1
  2321. Dooblydoo
    1
  2322. I struggle with localization just making videos about *actual history*. So far I've mostly used English names for ancient Jewish figures, but at some point in the Middle Ages I'll have to switch over to Hebrew or the local language just to keep from sounding odd.
    1
  2323. Wow, you got it! But it's head-of-government, not head-of-state. A head-of-state is ceremonial.
    1
  2324. Matthan the Priest could not be the same as Matthan the grandfather of Joseph, because the Jewish priesthood is hereditary on a direct male line, whereas Matthan the grandfather of Joseph was on a direct male line from the House of David. With that aside, congratulations on completing the series! I was honored to be part of it.
    1
  2325. המנדט חדל מלהיות בתוקף מכיוון שהוא נדחה על ידי החלטת החלוקה ב-1947. בן-גוריון עצמו הפך לתומך גלוי בהגבלה עצמית טריטוריאלית והתנגד לכיבוש.
    1
  2326. כדורגל!
    1
  2327. No joke, I’ve made a face like Medvedev’s before. That’s the face of someone who tried so hard not to fall asleep that he fell asleep with his eyes open.
    1
  2328. P A N T H E R S ?
    1
  2329. You’ll also want to be on the lookout for The Epoch Times, which is the same deal but with Falun Gong, another East Asian cult with strong connections to right-wing politics. Shen Yun is also them.
    1
  2330. I'd love to see a breakdown of New York's airports.
    1
  2331.  @RebeccaOre  Yes, I'm doing quite a lot of research on folks like Louis Fischer for my channel. A lot of these MAGA media fools today remind me of them.
    1
  2332.  @junedewar3551  Herod and Mariamne did have two daughters, and at this point it's likely that most of us are descended from them.
    1
  2333. How can you do a video on Wales without mentioning the traditional art of padlock folding, or padlockigami?
    1
  2334. Enter Yugoslavia, exit the warriee today's Tom Sawyee.
    1
  2335. Horus is an Egyptian god with the name of a man who owns either a railroad or an ice cream parlor.
    1
  2336. It's a distant second.
    1
  2337. Cameron Roy I know, but it still sounds cool.
    1
  2338. Hebrew used to have the voiceless dental fricative, but lost it along with a whole bunch of other sounds (including a 7th and 8th vowel!) when it became a natively-spoken language again.
    1
  2339. Leftist from California who's never worked in political journalism– I've never heard of Byron York but I totally get Tim's joy. For anyone in a creative or academic background, that shit is universal. Nothing better than seeing an unscrupulous, bullying hack who's made your life miserable finally get exposed to the world and most of all to himself.
    1
  2340. Also as a leftist, all of the gun-owners I know are further to the left than me. So "gun-owner" doesn't register to me as a centre/right thing.
    1
  2341. גם לימינה.
    1
  2342.  @uliwehner  Israelis also seem to think the whole US has Manhattan-quality public transport. It used to. Now most of it has none at all. I can get anywhere here without a car…unless it’s Saturday. The new fundamentalist government is going to crack down even harder on that now. So I’m moving back to Chicago.
    1
  2343. Which period? It's really, really old. I was there a few weeks ago and walked through an 3800-year-old aqueduct. That said, Hezekiah would be a good one.
    1
  2344.  @susanzemke6569  Nobody has been indicted under the Logan Act since the mid-19th century because there's a broad legal consensus that it's almost certainly a violation of the First Amendment. Nobody wants to be the prosecutor who brought a Logan Act case and immediately got the law voided by the Supreme Court.
    1
  2345. Oh she does.
    1
  2346. IIIIIIII. ~s~
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  2347. Well, it's not as if India was the only place that was safe/prosperous for Jews at any given time. Besides, one doesn't need to permanently live in a place to enjoy the benefits of trade with that place. Those places were far away, and it took a great effort in the age of sail to move an entire community.
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  2348. Yeah but you have drive-thru pie shops.
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  2349. Wow, you just Walpoled us right up front.
    1
  2350. D’oh
    1
  2351. Furthermore, it's not like the liberals are on one side of the room and the conservatives are on the other.
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  2352. I am an English native speaker and semi-fluent in Hebrew, but Yiddish has always been a totally foreign language to me, and what I understand of it is entirely the result of its relatedness to English. In fact, I'd say English has slightly more in common with Yiddish than it does with Standard German.
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  2353.  @takatamiyagawa5688  "Outside of the Americas" The "A" doesn't stand for France.
    1
  2354. Warning: Do not watch the 2001 film The Affair of The Necklace if this interests you. It is awful history and an awful movie. It grossed only $400k for a reason.
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  2355. ANOTHER CHANNEL!?
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  2356. (Shameless plug for my YouTube series on Jewish ancient history that is admittedly heavily biased toward the Hasmonean Period)
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  2357. cenk, you're at a ten, you need to be at a two. and good morrow to thee, neighbor! ~s~
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  2358. 8:59 Is that...a Spanish flag on New Netherland?
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  2359. That's interesting, because I feel the opposite. When it comes to myself it's much more of a struggle, but I'd never assume the worst of someone I actually know for liking something problematic, because I know them better than that (unless I just thought they had shitty taste).
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  2360. "They gave us a facial, then they got facials." Nice. ~s~
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  2361. I don't believe there are any surviving Jewish organizations which do. Individuals, sure. Because Jews are such a small percentage of the US population and take up an even smaller share of the conversation about the Civil War, it's one of those narratives promoted by Lost Causers that has slipped into the mainstream through general ignorance (see also the wholesale demonization of Grant's presidency due to the Crédit Mobilier scandal). Even Atun-Shei referenced the Benjaminite narrative uncritically in a Q&A with Brandon F. recently. Another contribution to its persistence is that, prior to the 21st century, Jewish-American history pre-1880 was basically ignored, even by academics specializing in that subject. I talked about that some in my Enlightenment recap video.
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  2362. Was elektroboot technology used in the Cold War?
    1
  2363. Oh, I think you'd be surprised. We've only ever seen her in 30-second bits. Imagin 90 minutes of her. The viewers' heads will explode. ~s~
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  2364. YEE
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  2365. I love Cenk's creepy smile when he says "Jesus is Lord." ~s~
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  2366.  @mordechaichirinos2997  Sabato Morais came from Italy.
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  2367. If you watch my video, you'll find that he helped form the Greek Socialist Party, which later renamed itself the Communist Party and then kicked Benaroya out for being anti-Communist.
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  2368. CrashCourse World History was one of many inspirations for my channel, and CrashCourse Philosophy even managed to be a source for my next video.
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  2369. And of course the Louisiana Bubble was happening at the same time over in France.
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  2370. Where the hell is "Rock Flag and Eagle?"
    1
  2371. The Temple wasn’t looted because of religious differences. Rather, the Seleucid Army was broke due to having been forced by Rome to withdraw from a planned invasion of Egypt which was to be financed through plunder after the fact. The Jewish Temple meanwhile had a full treasury due to being near the end of the seven-year financial cycle known as Shmita, making it an easy target. If you’re interested in this stuff, check out my channel.
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  2372. 1:09 Robert Webb!? HAIL CAESAR!
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  2373. The story of Guy Gabaldon is the most LA thing I have ever heard.
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  2374.  @CitanulsPumpkin  As a fluent speaker of Californio Spanish (which is somewhere between), Mexican and Castilian Spanish aren't remotely mutually incomprehensible, as you suggest.
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  2375. *Judea was still nominally independent at this time.
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  2376. actually, tax rates were much higher in the 1950s.
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  2377. I wouldn't lump Tip O'Neill in with Newt Gingrich. For one, they were in opposite parties and hated each other.
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  2378. Is it time for an ND comeback?
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  2379. Was his name Uli and was he in the Earth-techno band Autobahn?
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  2380. with way less people.
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