Comments by "Ginny Jolly" (@ginnyjollykidd) on "TED-Ed"
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In Der Schloss (The Castle), a land surveyor of note was summoned by the leader of a town to survey the town's real estate. Once he arrives, the surveyor encounters the apathy of the people, although they are willing to share hospitality with him. The surveyor, being proud of his career, his knowledge, and his commission from the leader of the town, dearly wants to get on with it. Yet he doesn't know where to start and feels he must get to the leader (I think it's a mayor) to find out particulars. The people around him don't help him, and they invite him to stay and be sociable.
Indeed, the more the surveyor tries to reach the mayor at the center of town, the farther away he gets. Much of his time is taken up by useless bureaucracy. It would drive anyone crazy including myself, and I consider myself a master of bureaucracy navigation.
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Wrong! The ABO and Rh antigens are NOT the only antigens, though they are the main ones. There are I, J, K, M, N, T and several more antigens and antibodies to test, and the typing analysis results look like a crossword puzzle when finished.
But that's not enough. Because there might be some antigen we don't know about, recipient blood is cross - matched with donor blood. The string of packets of blood hanging from a blood unit are used to mix with recipient blood to see if it clumps. If it does, an unknown antigen is present that can endanger a patient. If no clumping occurs, the unit is safe to use.
And how are antibodies treated in a unit of whole blood? These might cause problems, too.
A whole blood unit is separated into plasma and red cells. The red cells become a unit I of "Packed Cells" with added citrate to prevent clotting. Plasma contains the white cells and are removed with the plasma to keep from attacking a recipient.
Alternatively, people are encouraged to give platelets for people with hemophilia or bleeding disorder. It takes ten donations to create a unit of platelets or enough for creating blood clotting factor.
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