Youtube comments of ke6gwf - Ben Blackburn (@ke6gwf).
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Some observations from someone who enjoys working with metal.
The base section is completely structural. It is using welded heavy wall stainless steel pipe for a bulletproof internal support frame and landing legs, heavy enough to withstand "slight miscalculations" on the suicide burns and punch holes in the concrete if needed.
This looks like it was designed by an engineer familiar with building bridges and roller coasters and other such durable structures, and I see signs of very good workmanship in the welds and little details like the contoured gusset plates and such.
It really looks like it's designed to support a bridge rather than fly. But considering that Elon probably wants something close to actual weight, overbuilding this is not a problem, and makes it more likely to survive heavy grasshopper testing without needing repairs. (landing pad is more likely to need repairs lol)
The shell of the base section is heavy gauge SS as well, and was all bent in large probably CNC plate rolls making perfect curves that fit and weld together. And it is heavy enough not to distort from the welding.
I assume that this will all be polished up to a mirror finish, and was built by a structural engineering team.
The upper sections are built totally different, and I suspect by a different team or company.
They seem to be an open framework with thin sheet metal panels fastened over it.
It makes sense that it is a water tank company, because they would have experience doing such things.
Now the difference is that they normally aren't trying to do compound shapes with thin sheets on water tanks, and it is nearly impossible to do it with flat sheets without lots of wrinkles and divots, just like of you put a sheet of paper over a basketball.
They may have some trick to use heat to stretch the sheet metal and smooth it out after the structure is finished, it's pretty much black magic, but it is used by good sheet metal workers, so I say wait a little while and see what they are able to do.
I also will not be surprised if the company that bid to do it had never done anything quite like this before, and are finding that they are fighting the metal, and it is winning lol
So this may turn out to be a total failure on their part of being able to get a good looking result.
Elon may be fuming about how ugly it is looking as we speak.
On the other hand, as long as it is all attached properly, it is totally flyable as a grasshopper, and once the polishing is done it will be hard to see the surface shape.
So it is possible that Elon decided he wanted something of the right size and shape and shiny to be in the air asap, and so is using his preferred fail fast prototyping method to knock together something that can hop, even if the appearance is wanting.
If that is his goal, this is the way to do it.
If you have seen the videos of that NASA guy who worked with SpaceX, and helped develop the Pica heatshield, (can't remember his name, but it was a series of short interviews), you are familiar with the culture there of being able to order stuff up from McMaster Carr, and put a test prototype together the next day to see what happens, and this seems to fit that profile.
Though they probably didn't get the metal from McMaster lol
So whether Elon is angry at how it looks, or this was the expectation, it is the fastest and cheapest way to get a Starship prototype hopping, and the appearance really doesn't matter for the testing, since it won't be going fast enough to have any effect.
And using stainless steel is just because he wants it to look shiny like the final version lol
As far as tanks, he doesn't need large or super light tanks for this first prototype. For initial testing, he can probably just use umbilicals, or small tanks.
In order to make this shape with stainless steel, you basically need to use the same method that car body panels use, and hydroform or press them, so each panel is already shaped properly for the location it needs to go.
This however requires extensive time and work making the dies for each section, since the sheets change shape and size as it goes up, so this is a big investment, and I can totally see him saying to just wrap it in tin foil to get it flying.
They very likely are currently working on building dies and such, and may replace the upper section as soon as they are done and some hydroformed panels are available.
So let's see what they are able to do to smooth out the tin, and remember that as long as it is being moved around and welded on, any straightening they do will just get messed up again, so they may be waiting until it is stacked before smoothing it.
Oh, and if they were building this for anything other than an actual test prototype, they would NOT be making the top to look like a steam punk Burning Man art installation. The very fact that it is ugly and utilitarian, for something that Elon is doing, tells me that it is for hard science quickly.
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As a hydraulics guy, I just want point out the bits that I recognize lol
On upper side of the upper blue actuator cylinder, you can see a silver rectangle, with a smaller silver rectangle one above it that has white wires coming out.
The larger one will be the 3 position spool valve (extend/hold/retract) with the pressure and return lines coming into it, and the smaller one is the wiring junction box.
It will then either have hard lines running from the valve to each end of the cylinder, or it may have bored channels inside the walls of the cylinder.
Then at the rear end of the cylinders, you can see another box with wires coming out, and that is going to be the linear positioning sensor that tells the computers exactly how far out the cylinder is extended, thus what angle the grid fin is at.
Judging by its position, I would guess that the center of the piston and rod is bored out, and a skinny tube runs down the center of the bore from the rear end of the cylinder. Inside the tube would be magnetic sensors, and there would be a magnet imbedded in the piston, allowing the exact position to be detected.
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Lots of mistakes in the script in this show, they need to have an actual mechanic with veto power over the script lol
The major ones are that the grease put into the D10 near the end is actually what pressurizes the track tensioning cylinder and keeps the track tight. It has nothing to do with lubrication. It DOES reduce wear, but not because of lubrication, but because a loose track flopping and banging around wears everything out much faster, and so keeping the correct track tension leads to much longer life.
The other big error was when the train motor was being replaced, and the shim was added, and the narrator said it was talking to give space for lubrication, but that's not accurate.
He was setting the Backlash on the drive gear, which is how far the teeth mesh with each other.
Put your hands together so your fingers mesh like gears, and try turning them. Notice how if they are too deep in, they bind and rub on the opposite side? But if they are too far out there is lots of slop and looseness, plus the load is all on the very tips.
In gears, if you have them too close together they rub on each other wearing it out and creating lots of heat, and can even bottom out and jam.
Too far apart and you are loading the tips of the teeth, plus every time you accelerate or decelerate that gap between the teeth let's them slam on each other.
Backlash is the measurement of how far one gear will rotate without the other one moving, it's how manufacturers specify how to adjust the gears.
So when he first put it together, it didn't have enough, or any backlash, so he added the shim to slightly seperate the gears and get the specified backlash reading.
There!
You now have more technical details than in the rest of the show script combined! Lol
There were several other issues, but I didn't memorize all of them lol
Oh, and the DRAMA! cut it out! You go on and on repeating yourself time and again about how every moment is so important and lost revenue, and then you cut to the most important people standing interviewing with you.
I have worked on plenty of high value jobs where time was money, and I wouldn't have had time to lollygag for the camera lol
I think the worst was the train lift, where you took 3 or 4 segments building up the lift not working, and not actually doing anything or even telling us what ended up being the problem, and chances are that you asked them to make the light blink and staged the whole thing lol
I enjoy the subject matter, but if you aren't going to bother with technical accuracy, and are going to treat your audience like idiots, I will be careful not to watch any more from you.
Which is sad, because you get into excellent locations.
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@cowpotpi3 they go to orbit more frequently than any other company ever has, they are the reigning expert on that, so your barb falls flat.
If you are talking about the test flight of Super Heavy, it actually was in orbit, but they specifically planned the trajectory so it would not stay in orbit, but return in the desired empty part of the ocean, so that part of the flight worked perfectly.
Getting to orbit is not the hard part, getting the rocket to to make a controlled reentry is the hard part, which is why no one else has done this, and so a few test flights is not a bad thing.
And yes, it's taking longer than they hoped, but it's not as far behind as the Boeing Starliner! Lol
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I just watched the one about not being able to fix newer MacBooks because of the chip you couldn't find/hate mailing the parts supplier video, after it showed up on my feed (I didn't look, but I assume it was a recent one? I have watched a few of yours in the past, but nothing recently, which is why I assume it is a new video lol), and I noticed this one in the suggested videos on my way to read the comments. (I am on Android phone app)
Then when I came back to the app later, it was in my feed near the top.
I have watched some Vice stuff recently, possibly earlier today, so maybe because of that connection it brought it up?
So yes, algorithm, but seems tied to recent viewing I have done, which makes it seem logical.
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Short version is, the Republicans are planning to use the results to redistrict Congressional districts to their benefit.
The people who most likely will check Not US Citizen are Hispanic, and so when the Republicans go to redistrict next time, they will gerrymander using that data, because Hispanics tend to be in liberal areas, so it's like an indicator what areas to remove representation from.
Also, people who are not citizens, even if they are here legally, are going to tend to be afraid of the census because of that question, and be less likely to participate and return the form, leading to a massive undercount.
And since the core purpose of the Census is to count the number of people in the country, and all the other questions are just bonus questions above and beyond the core purpose, if an extra question reduces the accuracy of the core data, it is going against the reason that the Census was required in the first place.
And the Census Bureau themselves are opposed to adding the question for this very reason, they are positive it will lead to serious under counts, which is bad, because that effects distribution of money, congressional seats, and many other factors that rely on an accurate count of heads, not just eligible voters.
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I am impressed by how much you got right, on normally misunderstood subjects such as the the current flow "to ground" and return to source, it would almost think that you watched some of Mike Holt's rants on this lol
I do have 2 nit picks however.
You said that current uses the ground wire because it is very low resistance, and so it returns via the ground wire instead of the neutral, and that's not correct.
A ground wire has the same resistance as the neutral, because they are both the same type of copper, and in cases of reduced size Grounding conductors, the resistance may even be higher.
It doesn't matter, because all it it has to do is flow enough current to trip the breaker, and that doesn't require lower resistance than the neutral. If a hot is connected to the ground and the neutral during a fault, current will flow back on both, but since assumably the neutral is still connected via the load, it will be the load limiting the current flow through the neutral, but hot to ground has no current limiting, and that's what trips the breaker, bypassing the load, not the resistance in the ground wire.
The other thing is, I know it is technically correct that the electrons flow the opposite direction that we say, but you are confusing things putting the batteries in backwards, especially in an ac system with reversing current.
So please just put the batteries in the way everyone else does, and don't confuse the visuals lol
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In regards to the oil filled heater, it is more efficient, because you keep your temperature delta lower.
In your example of the 50% duty cycle, you didn't take into account that the standard heater is going to create a higher temperature when it turns on, until it reaches the set temperature and shuts off, and then the room will cool down until the heater turns back on, and if you graph it you will see the temperature going quite a bit above the set temperature, and then dropping below, and when the temperature goes higher, it loses more out the walls and ceiling and such.
With the oil filled heater, it stays at a much more consistent temperature, reducing the peaks, and so not pushing as much heat out of the room.
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Some key points left out are that the size and weight of the line used has to be matched to the speed and power of the weedeater (Northern California person, and that's the most common name around here lol).
As you showed previously, if you make the line too long it slows the motor down, and the same is true if you put a larger diameter or heavier line on than the motor can pull.
So Robert's unit is most likely much more powerful than yours, and so would have no problem straightening that line out, and possibly also spins at a faster rpm.
The other big reason for using different shape and style lines is line life.
A round line will cut grass just about as well as an equivalent other shaped line, but it wears off on rocks and fences and such much faster. The shapes seem to give it a buffer or wear guard to protect the core longer against debris wear.
It also can make a difference when getting into star thistle, blackberry vines, etc, where a round line just slides off, but a textured line digs in more, and doesn't wear as fast.
I am basing this off experience and logic, so I could be wrong, but it's worth testing lol
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@MillionFoul the Max crashes are exactly the same root cause, arrogance and ignoring engineering testing practices to save a buck and speed things up.
They had never tested the MCAS system in many different failure modes, including loss of AOA vane on takeoff with no AOA Disagree indicator.
They did the paperwork and said that runaway trim procedures would take care of any issues, and most of the people who were looking at safety and testing were not even aware of how powerful the software had become, and the people who expressed concerns were shut down.
And all the people like you who are saying that all the proper testing and certification had been done, are just saying that the process of testing and certification is broken, because it should never have let so many arrogant assumptions slip by without being verified.
For instance, they discovered that even with US pilots, the assumption that the runaway trim procedures could be done in a certain length of time, which was an assumption that they have been making for decades, turned out not to be reliable, and not just for foreign pilots.
Pilots are trained differently than they were when that standard assumption was made when most pilots had a military background, and hand flying was the only way to fly a plane.
So when you hear "we tested everything and it all met the requirements" it doesn't mean that they didn't mess up, it means that the messing up was done in assumptions and shortcuts in the testing and verification process.
And MCAS didn't get thoroughly tested, just as Starliner didn't get thoroughly tested.
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The thing that everyone here is missing, is that 10 percent ethanol in gasoline isn't supposed to add ANY energy to it, it's to oxygenate the gasoline so it burns cleaner, thus directly reducing emissions, and working better with the catalytic converter.
They were originally using things like MTBE to do this, but then California discovered that it was getting into the water supplies and causing serious issues, so they banned it, and ethanol was found to be the next best thing.
It's not there to replace the gasoline, just to help it burn cleaner.
E85 is a different story, and I agree it's a bad idea, but this video is attacking E10 as if it's the same thing as E85.
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@jgr7487 the US is NOT an Imperial country, we forked from the Imperial System at the same time we left the British Imperial Empire.
We share a lot of units still, but we improved and tweaked what at the time was the most common units, and created new ones as industry needed them, and we created the US Customary System.
So while everyone "out there" keeps repeating that we use the Imperial system in the US, we don't, and that's why it's different from the UK.
For instance, until a few years ago, the UK Inch was a few thousandths different from the US inch, and finally they agreed to make them the same, and so each adjusted their inch slightly towards the middle.
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You look at this as an electronic tech, but this is an automotive part, and they get swapped out.
The old one gets sent to a shop to get remanufactured, and they don't really care how easy it is, because they charge whatever it takes to take it apart and repair it.
Just like no one rebuilds their own alternator or puts new seals and bearings in a water pump abymi, but you swap it out with a Reman with a warranty.
And most independent shops don't want to touch component repair, because it takes specialized equipment to test and diagnose, and they don't want the liability if an inverter they repaired shorts out and the car burns up.
Now, I like fixing things myself, so not being easy to take apart would annoy me, but it doesn't really make sense for the auto industry to worry about a tiny percentage of people when gluing something together can save millions.
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@Joël if you are working in your front yard then your advice will work fine, and if you work up a sweat, fall in the coy pond, get caught in the rain etc, you can simply walk back inside and have your wife brew some tea while you dry out in front of the fire.
But if you are out in the wilderness, or even a long walk to the stream in the woods behind your house, cotton can be deadly, because IF you don't stay dry, it stops keeping you warm.
Your whole premise is "stay dry", and so you have no fault tolerance for even a little bit of wetness that will literally freeze you.
So when you are out of sight of your warm house in very cold weather, lose the cotton and potentially save your life.
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I held my breath through this, waiting for the big fatal mistakes, but I didn't find any! Good job lol
There was one minor one and an oversight. The ground rod isn't only to dissipate static, it's what references the entire ground and neutral system to be Equal Potential with the dirt, and also the water pipes, building frame etc. You didn't mention how the ground rod is also bonded to the water pipes for this reason.
And when you said that the fault current will travel back to Source via the ground wire INSTEAD OF through the earth, that's incorrect, it takes both/all available paths, so some current will flow through the earth all the way back to the power plant itself. It will be very small, and if you hook a wire to a ground rod and connect a hot wire to it, you won't trip a regular breaker so little current flows, but SOME current does flow.
But still, you give a better explanation than most people ever have lol
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@BloodAsp what you don't seem to understand is the scale of these facilities.
They don't just have 10 motors that need monitoring, they have thousands of motors spread over many acres of factory floor, and while the sensor on each might be cheap, putting in the miles of wiring to each motor and bearing and pump would take years and require extensive factory shut down time to access everything.
It would cost many 10s of millions of dollars to implement hard wired thermal and vibration and leak sensors across this whole factory, because the cost of the sensor is not the biggest issue.
On the other hand, this unit can use thermal, visual, and audible sensors and inspect all of those locations with no infrastructure installation, and be able to find new leaks and issues simply by scanning for hot spots and listening for leaks and squeaks as it walks the factory, without having to install sensors.
And in order to do it with hard wired sensors, every motor, every gear box, every bearing, every pump, would need at least one sensor on it, because in your monthly walk around it might be running perfectly cool, and then the fan slips on the shaft and it starts overheating the next day.
So regular inspection is the best option.
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@riparianlife97701 and yet SpaceX still sets itself apart from Old Space, because it's actually logical to build them in California (LA is an aerospace engineering center, so lots of potential employees, nearby research labs, etc, plus they got a large facility cheap from McDonnell Douglas or somebody. So California was the best place to put the early design and construction, just as Fremont was the best place to start Tesla), test them in Texas (they took over an existing rocket test facility, and they don't have to worry about California pollution rules lol, and it's basically on the way to Florida. Testing them wouldn't be practical in either California or Florida), and then launching in Florida is a given because that's where the launch pads are.
With NASA, Boeing, etc, they spread out the facilities all over the place just to keep the politicians happy, and it makes no scientific sense splitting teams up and having to transport parts all over and back again.
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I am surprised that no one is talking about using the ISS as a staging facility for space missions.
It is easy to launch to, high weight capacities with low delta v needed so easy reusablility and heavier payloads.
You basically send the empty Orion capsule up on whatever rocket works best, and berth it to the ISS.
Then you send up whatever works best as a space tug to get it to the moon, and using the Canada Arm on the ISS, and a space walk if needed, you connect them.
Then you send up fuel, and using the Canada Arm you fuel it. (if you don't want to fuel at the station, you just dock the tanker to the side of the moon assembly, connect the hoses using the arm, and then after it leaves the station and is a safe distance away, you start the fueling process).
Then to get the crew on it, you send them up on Crew Dragon, and either transfer at the ISS, or if you want to do the off-station fueling and not have astronauts on board during the fueling, you dock the Dragon to the Orion after fueling is complete.
Then you jettison the tanker, send the Dragon back to the ISS as a back up reentry vehicle in case Orion has issues, and blast off towards the moon.
And while this is a lot of steps, it requires very little additional engineering, because instead of having to design special automatic in orbit docking systems, you just have to make sure that things can be bolted together by the astronauts, and add Canada Arm grapple points.
You could probably send up the extra Falcon loads and do the extra engineering for less than a years budget for the SLS.
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@A.Lifecraft put your hand through a hole it barely fits through, then spread your fingers out, grab a tennis ball, and duct tape your fingers around it, and then try to pull your hand back through the hole. It won't go lol
There are styles of wedge sockets where the tension simply pulls a wedge in tighter, often used to terminate crane cables because it's easily removable, but the poured style are the ultimate termination for a cable.
The cable wires are splayed out to evenly fill the cone of the socket, and then they are mechanically and chemically cleaned.
The metal, zinc, or a zinc based alloy is then poured in, and it's like soldering or brazing to each individual wire strand.
So there is no way for it to loosen around the wires or corrode inside the metal plug, any more than a proper solder joint will loosen around the wires. It tins the metal and forms a metallurgical bond, actually forming an alloy layer of a combination of the base metal and the solder metal. This is in addition to any mechanical or adhesion bonds.
So the zinc is held to the base metal with as much force as its held to itself, as long as the formulation is correct to be able to wet the base metal.
So now, we have a tapered plug of solid metal bonded to thousands of wires inside.
When you apply tension to it, the taper wedges it deeper into the socket, which compresses the plug of metal, squeezing down on the wires inside it.
Since the potting metal is a little bit soft, it does compress the tighter it is pulled on, creating a very tight wedging action on the cable strands.
As long as it is done properly, you can't get corrosion inside the plug, and the wires can never slip out.
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@kenbrown2808 this is not quite accurate.
SA was constantly shifting and changing back in the day, and could be controlled from the ground, to either disable it as they did around 2000, or make it worse, or shut the system off entirely.
The military got around it by having special receivers that could decode the GPS signal and find the actual location, while the unencrypted civilian signal was inaccurate.
The ground stations that you are thinking of are probably what the surveyors set up to compensate for the SA.
Basically they built networks of GPS receivers in carefully surveyed known fixed locations, and each ground station would have a vhf radio on it.
The ground station would receive the GPS signal, and then calculate the error factor from its actual location, and then broadcast this correction factor over the vhf radio, which would be received by the surveyor's equipment, telling them their exact location. (GPS with the SA error removed)
If you have ever seen a little gray dome on a metal pipe tripod along a road somewhere, with a solar panel and a little antenna coming off it, and a chain link fence surrounding it, that is a GPS correction network base station.
In some areas the surveyor's would get together and set up the network and you had to pay a membership fee to use the encrypted signal.
Other places a city or county will set up a network and let others use it.
These days even without SA, and with multiple GPS networks available, modern survey equipment often uses all the GPS networks and can get within a few inches, but then if you want mm accuracy, you hook into the correction network, or just set up your own GPS base station on the side of the job site or mine, and it will talk to your portable data collectors and Total stations and give exact error correction data for all the different things that cause slight errors, atmospheric distortion, multipath, reflection, etc, and give you exact 3d position.
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@Mrbfgray I didn't say replace bolts with anything, I said design it so not as many are required.
Most of those bolts are to attach brackets to the frame, and if you have worked on semis you know that the frame manufacturer will design the frame with structural cross members, and then the suspension company will design suspension cross members, and then the drive train team will design transmission and carrier bearing cross members, and then the air team will design brackets to mount the air tanks, and other brackets to support the air hoses, and other brackets to support the brake valve, and the suspension leveling valve, and then the electrical team will add a bunch of brackets to support random wire harnesses or connectors or magic boxes, and there is very little dual purpose designs, each department is seperate.
If you want to reduce bolts and steps, you combine these functions into well integrated complex shapes, now fully possible with cnc metal forming and bending, and you can cut the number of bolts way down, by reducing the number of seperate parts that have to be attached to the frame.
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@factsarefactsanddonotlie8397 if you have an electric water pump, you measure the amount of kwh of electricity it takes to pump 100 gallons of water from one location to another.
You are not creating water, only moving it from one location to another.
With an Air Conditioner, you are using electricity to move heat from inside the house and sending that heat outside the house, which is why the condenser coil outside gets so hot.
A heat pump reverses this cycle and puts the evaporator coil outside, and the condenser coil inside, and takes heat from the outside air and sends it inside.
Now, just like the water pump uses electricity to move water from one place to another, the heat pump uses electricity to move heat from one place to another.
If you run electricity through a heating coil, all the energy in the electricity gets converted to heat, so if you use one kwh of electricity, you get one kwh of heat.
However if you use that 1 kwh of electricity to run a heat pump, you can now MOVE 5 kwh of heat into the house, most of it coming not from the electricity, but being transfered from the outside air into the inside air.
This is why it gets what you think is impossible efficiency, because it's moving existing heat rather than only turning electricity into heat.
And if you say that this is impossible, then please explain how an AC can magically make heat energy dissappear from inside the house!
I doubt that you will understand any of this and will just flame me too because ego is more powerful than intellect, but maybe this will help you understand the subject a little better.
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@PistonAvatarGuy where's the Booster? Lol
From scratch, they have built 2 Starship upper stage prototypes in just a few months, while also building and flying a water tower.
In Cocoa, they already have most of the rings built for Mk4, while they are finishing up mk2.
At Boca, they are going to be using a much faster build process for mk3.
By the time mk3 or mk4 are done, they will probably have the rings prepped for a Booster ready to stack.
And with no curves or flaps or lots of other things that Starship needs and booster doesn't it will basically be a straight stack of rings, 3 bulkheads, an engine mount, and miscellaneous hardware. So it should go much faster than this.
The part they have to wait on is the engines being built, and I guess we will just have to see how they end up working, but a lot of the best rocket scientists are working for Elon, so I wouldn't bet against him. He's got a pretty good track record of making things work.
Also, in Soviet Russia, they they did not have the iterative design philosophy that Elon has, so while it may not be much right now, it's just the first rough prototype, and if it fails, they will figure out why and try again. The N1 was more like an SLS project, and failure killed it politically, and they got no more money to improve it.
Starship is designed by the people who have the benefit of all previous rocket technology, so if they believe it's possible, they have better chance of succeeding the the N1 did.
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@PistonAvatarGuy as for the SLS being a completed design, why do you think they keep having delays? They are making iterative changes too, just using multi million dollar jigs that have to be scrapped, and having to rebuild custom buildings for the changes.
The built a custom rolling gantry for the test unit, and will have to build another later for the full size SLS.
It's working on the same process as SpaceX, just with massive overhead and slow bureaucracy.
And the one they are almost done building now, which then has to go through months and months of testing after transporting it to a different congressional district, is just a test prototype which will be totally destroyed in the test process.
As far as I know, they haven't even begun building the next one which will be prototype number 2, and they haven't started building the upper stages that are able to do the actual exploration missions.
So no, it's not a final design, it's still in the prototype and testing phase.
What SpaceX does differently is cut out all the pork, let the engineers build something, test it, build a better one, test it, and keep going until you get something that works right.
That's how they got Falcon 1 reaching orbit on the 4th attempt, to Falcon Heavy with landing boosters, and then a flying water tank, and now this, in 10 years.
And while you may have a bad opinion about it, their track record is pretty good at actually doing what they set out to do.
And if one gets destroyed in the process of testing, well, every SLS built is going to be destroyed, so what's the problem? Lol
And they will keep iterating until they get it right.
And if Raptor has problems that haven't shown up in testing yet, they will work on it until they solve it.
And by letting the engineers do what they know, and cutting out the bureaucracy, they can work through this process in days and months, instead of years like nasa and contractors do.
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At the actual contact point where 2 pieces of metal touch under pressure while moving, the oil forms a film only a few molecules thick (depending on viscosity, temperature, speed of movement, and pressure applied, preventing metal to metal contact.
As long as there is enough oil to provide that few molecule as the part rotates, and to replenish it after each rotation, all the extra oil flinging off is just excess oil.
Since film cling and tenacity and surface wetting are important properties of oil, as long as there is enough oil to fully cover the friction surfaces, the test should be accurate, including the ability of the oil to maintain lubrication with residual amounts only.
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@jeovannijuarez9518 who is having trouble understanding that NASA and SpaceX are partners on the ISS supply and crew flights?
What's being talked about here is the NASA mission to the mars which is via SLS, compared to the SpaceX mission to mars which is via Starship.
NASA has nothing to do with Starship, so that's not a partnership (though NASA will probably buy into Starship later, when they realize how far ahead it is)
And yes, the astronauts on Dragon are from NASA, because they are the paying passengers on the rocket, which is why NASA gave SpaceX any money.
Now, that said, SpaceX would not exist without NASA having hired them just before they went bankrupt, and they have worked very closely for years now, trading engineers, giving each other full access to their designs and knowledge, and they really have been working as partners, and they are years ahead because of the NASA support, but that doesn't mean that they aren't still going to beat NASA to Mars by a long shot.
Though probably by then, NASA will have bought tickets and sent one of their astronauts along lol
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@TheCatLady65 , I think you are confusing the meaning of Degree as a division on a scale, with degrees of angle or something.
All Degree means in relation to temperature is a whole number division.
For instance, if you raise the temperature of water, you say that you raised it 100 "degrees". It's just the word that describes the division of temperature scales.
And while Kelvin no longer uses the ° symbol, just K, that was more to streamline notation than anything, and it did used to use the symbol as well. But it's still perfectly understandable to say that you are measuring in degrees Kelvin, especially when outside of a laboratory, so that people understand you.
And, Celsius still uses the °C notation, which is Degrees Celsius, and maybe some obscure source has said to stop using the Degrees designator, but nobody listens to them, and it's still used most of the time by most people, so it's still proper.
And again, Degree is totally compatible with the Metric system, because all it means is the whole division on the scale, going from 1 to 2, etc.
So no incompatibility with metric!
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@factsarefactsanddonotlie8397 you act like you are an expert who somehow became an engineer without learning how to write or communicate, and like you are superior to everyone, but you keep contradicting yourself and saying crazy things.
Just a minute ago you said that there was a difference between a fridge and an AC, and that I was wrong, but now you are saying that they are basically the same.
Also, a lot of fridges do have a fan on the coil, and many HVAC systems, especially mini splits, have defrost capabilities as well.
So the main difference in a fridge is that it's cooling a small highly insulated box rather than a room.
And yes, some small or old fridges have imbedded coils in the walls and no fan, but they usually don't have a defrost cycle either, or use heat tape for the defrost etc.
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@Ellivation the non perishable items Costco has are generally available elsewhere too, but generally if I am comparing whatever Costco has to what Walmart offers, usually Costco has better.
Walmart doesn't care if they sell crap, and so they sell a lot of it.
For an example, between working construction and having horses I buy a lot of garden hoses, and Costco only gets the best.
So when they have them early in the year, I buy whatever I need, and they last better than pretty much any other hose I have gotten elsewhere. Now, I could spend a lot of money and get a "professional grade" hose, but that adds up when you need a bunch for horses and gardens, and the low priced Costco hose works just as well.
They only carry the best windshield wiper and. The car batteries are excellent, as is the warranty, I try not buy car or truck batteries anywhere else.
The food is always top notch, produce, etc, while other stores it's hit or miss if they get a good batch, if Costco has it I know it's going to be good, and on the rare occasion where something is bad, I can get a refund the next time I am in even if it's two months later and I don't have packages or receipts lol
Some things, cashews and coconut oil specifically, Costco has literally the best available.
They sell so much of both of those, they have incredible buying power, and so demand the highest quality that the growers produce. I think they still sell the majority of the world cashew production, and they are pretty high on coconut oil too.
And again, if I see it in Costco, I can trust that it's been tested and vetted by their buyers, and has a higher chance of being a good product than something I see on a Walmart shelf.
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@factsarefactsanddonotlie8397 now I don't know what you are thinking about. I am talking about residential heat pumps for heating and cooling a house, the most common type being the mini split design, which is exactly an AC, because it IS an AC with a reverser valve that flips the flow depending on whether you need heating or cooling.
So in the summer time it works like every other AC, using the same refrigeration cycle to transfer heat from inside the house to outside the house, and then in cold weather one valve flips and now it moves heat from outside the house into the house.
You could literally take a window air conditioner and put it in backwards and it would pump heat into the house.
Yes, there are also industrial heat pumps that look just like industrial refrigeration equipment, but no one is talking about them here, but even then, the only difference between an industrial refrigeration unit and a heat pump is that the heat pump has an extra valve that reverses the condenser and the evaporator coils so the heat moves the opposite direction.
I also agree that insulation etc will save you more money than switching to a heat pump, but that's a separate issue.
A heat pump, properly designed and sized for the application, under most conditions, will produce a certain amount of heat cheaper than gas heat or resistive electric heat. In some situations it will be much cheaper, in others only slightly cheaper, but in nearly all cases it is simply a more efficient source of heat since it is moving existing heat rather than creating it.
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This is very interesting, but unrealistic. They totally leave out the entire phone network and that these switches are rarely all in the same room.
A brief overview of the system, from old memory, but should be good enough to get the basic idea...
The wire from your house goes to the nearest Central Office, which is a room full of these switches, and on one side of the office is a bank of switches with one terminal for each subscriber or phone that it serves. So if you had 2 lines in your house, there would be 4 wires running from your house to the Central Office, and connected to 2 terminals on multiple switches.
(redundant so that the chances of all the switches that you were connected to being already in use was low)
So when you pick up the phone, one of the switches it is connected to which isn't busy rotates and selects the contact for your phone.
Then when you dial the first digit, that activates the second switch, which will select either to stay in this central office, or selects an available trunk line to another office in town.
The next digit dialed is passed through now to the remote office, and selects the correct group of switches in that office for the right side of town.
The next digit selects the bank of switches for the particular neighborhood, and the next digit selects the bank of switches for the right street, and the final digit selects the exact terminal for the wires running to your mother, because you should call your mother.
You can see why phone numbers got progressively longer, because the more possible connections you have, the more numbers needed to drill down.
In the early days you could only dial within your city or area, and if you needed to call long distance you had to call the Operator, who would select a trunk line in the direction you needed to go, the operator on the other end would answer, and then put the call through on their local system, and if you needed to call across the country, the operators might have to repeat this process through multiple interchanges in the cities along the way, until the route made it all the way to the end.
When direct dialing was introduced, they had to add the country code and area code systems which would select the trunk lines headed the right direction, and then keep drilling down. This was more complicated, because the area codes were not in sequential order, so when you dialed a 7, it didn't know whether you wanted 707 in California or 737 in Texas, and so it had to have some way of waiting for all 3 area code digits were dialed before it even knew which side of the country you connect to.
I can think of some ways to do it, but I don't know how it was actually done, but it was more complicated than just a simple city step system!
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The problem with aftermarket led headlights is that many of them don't get the leds in the right position to simulate the original filament, and so the reflector doesn't get it focused into a nice beam.
The led design needs to be different between a projector headlight and a reflector headlight, and each headlight housing has a slightly different design.
If you don't get the correct match then you will blind everyone.
I needed to upgrade my semi truck to leds (halogen was too dim for safety, and I got tired of paying for the short lived and expensive High Brightness Krypton ones, so I decided to go with led).
It took me quite a while looking at articles and reviews and YouTube video reviews showing the beam patterns of different brand leds in different headlight housings before I finally settled on a couple of brands that looked like they might work, and then I pulled my truck up to a white dock wall and used a sharpie to mark the outline of the beam pattern with the halogen bulb.
Then I put an led in one side and compared the beam pattern etc, and then tried the other brand.
I found one of them matched every point on my markings EXACTLY, while the other one was a bit wonky.
So I put the good one in the low beams, and put the one with poor beam control in the high beams where it won't effect anyone, and I am happy with the results.
I also carefully re aimed the headlights afterwards, and parked on a level street and walked to the other end of the block to check for glare, etc, and I never have anyone flash me in complaint lol
But most people don't go to that much work, and don't even know there is a difference, and so blind everyone.
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@scottmanley as someone who long lived in typical California terrain where underground would be most useful, and also worked in construction and underground utilities in those areas, the reason they don't do it is because it would be incredibly expensive, and require cutting swaths though the land about the same as putting an oil pipeline in.
Most of the California hills are rock, and digging trenches of any size either requires a very long time with large hydraulic hammers on giant excavators, or blasting. Neither of which the neighbors would appreciate.
In much of it the rock is too hard for breaking, and so would require blasting.
And don't be picturing a 1 foot wide trench a couple of feet deep, if you are installing anything high voltage, you are going to be looking at a 3 to 4 foot wide trench, probably 8 or 10 feet deep, and all the material removed gets trucked away, and then it's backfilled with imported sand and capped with cement.
There is no way they would be given the permits to do this, with the required extensive clearing and road building that it would require, and would take decades just to work through the environmental impact studies and deal with fish protection plans etc.
If this were soft and level ground, it's only several times more expensive, but those aren't the places where the fire danger is high, which is the mountains and canyons and high places where the wind is highest, and where you are on shallow bedrock.
Many of the lines currently at risk are installed using helicopters, and since there would be no way to install a oil pipeline through the same terrain, they would have to be routed miles out of the way, increasing the costs many fold again.
When you look at the places that do underground utilities, you will find that they are mostly on dirt, and don't have much shallow bedrock to deal with, and also that they have much smaller areas, and so they aren't dealing with a 200 mile run through rugged mountains.
There are places where it makes sense, and where they are putting it underground, but the majority of places where underground would be nice, it's not a practical option, and it's not just expensive, it's unbelievably expensive, and incredibly damaging to the environment.
So I am not trying to defend pg&e, just giving my experience as someone who has done a lot of digging in those areas, and I watched a lot of pipelines being installed, and what they had to fight with.
My little town up in the hills above the Napa Valley in many places has the road asphalt directly on the rock surface, and it's common for the water line and the gas line to be in a trench scraped into the bedrock barely below the asphalt, sometimes with the asphalt directly on it. (leading to frequent leaks lol)
In order to put the power lines underground you would have to blast trenches through this everywhere....
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@factsarefactsanddonotlie8397 a refrigeration system and an Air Conditioner work exactly the same way. There are many different ways to design the system, capillary tubes, expansion valves, etc, but the refrigeration cycle is the same throughout all of them.
When liquid evaporates into a gas, it absorbs heat, and when a gas goes to the lower energy state of a liquid, it releases heat.
An air conditioner, heat pump or refrigerator uses a pump to take gas, compress it and run it into the condensing coil where it releases heat and turns into a liquid.
This liquid then flows to the evaporator coil, through an orifice or expansion valve, where it sprays the liquid out onto the surface of the heat exchanger coil, and the ambient heat gets absorbed turning it into a gas, which then flows back to the compressor to repeat the cycle.
Is that technical enough for you?
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@Bourinos02 Starlink is not currently making a Profit, thus it's not viable as a stand alone business.
But no business is viable until after it's actually running.
But Starlink is not vapor ware for all the hundreds of thousands of people using it every day, and growing as fast as they can build dishes.
So another of your arguments is dashed on the rocks of reality.
And Elon has said it will take years to get Starlink completed and ready to start making a profit, but in the phase where they are still investing capital into the construction, no, no one expects a profit.
How long and how many billions into Uber? And have they made a profit?
The Vegas Loop will show its potential in time, it so far is working better and faster and a LOT cheaper than some of the other options proposed for the same project, so even if it's not a finished product as Elon hopes yet, it is still functional.
If you don't understand how projects can be delayed, then I guess you will never understand how the Tesla Semi has been under development for several years now, and how that doesn't mean it's vapor wear, just that it's more difficult than they expected.
And what will you say when they start delivering them in probably a few weeks and they are hauling for Pepsi/Frito Lay in Modesto, where they are currently building the MegaCharger in preparation for the delivery?
Will you just move the goal posts and find some excuse why it's still not real?
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@notquiteordinary no, congressional districts are based on the number of people in the state, babies, felons, student visas, work permits, illegals, insane, etc. It has nothing to do with the number of voters, it is simply a count of the residents.
So trying to say that I want illegals to vote is just showing that either you don't understand the subject, or that you are trying to use false claims to try to scare people into accepting your position.
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No, commercial service that archives and restores old movies for various uses, and makes money to pay for it by selling the footage.
They also are very nice and put their restored archives on YouTube for us to watch for free, but with a large watermark on it so that people don't just steal it for their own uses, and will purchase it if they want to include it in their production.
The film itself may be public domain, but Periscope spends a lot of money buying old films, or going to archives and libraries to do high resolution scans of the film, and then do extensive processing to remove scratches and noise, and correct for faded films etc, and so what we see here is worth money, and I think it's really great that they allow us to enjoy it for free.
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@guidedmeditation2396 you are correct that NASA used experienced seamstresses to sew the gloves and fine details on the Apollo suits, and some of them were probably grandmothers, but the key was that they were the best seamstresses around, hired out of the garment industry because there was no aerospace industry at the time, and able to make the perfectly fitted suits accurately.
But you have to remember that the suits had many layers of different materials, for comfort against the skin, insulation, debris protection, ventilation, bellows for mobility, etc, and then they had a pressure layer over the top of it.
In addition, are you unaware that you can seam seal stitches?
Between stitching through wet sealant, applying flexible sealants over the top of the stitches, applying seam sealant tapes over the seams, dipping the entire thing in liquid latex, etc etc, there are countless ways to seal needle holes and prevent leaks.
And the Apollo suits didn't function flawlessly for a long period of time, they were each used once and then replaced.
No Apollo suit went to the moon twice, because they wore out too fast.
The part that you don't seem to understand is that while the seamstresses may have been sewing the suits together, the materials they were using were all custom designed and manufactured by teams across the country developing and testing new materials, and then after the ladies would sew a suit up, it would be sent to a giant lab and extensive testing done on it.
Then the life support systems would have to be designed and built and tested, because these aren't just some fancy set of pajamas they are sewing up, it's a self contained miniature space ship, and the ladies were only responsible for assembling the soft parts of it, not building the entire thing.
So if you think that they could build another one by getting done grannies in a sewing circle, you are missing the thousands of workers in labs and factories across the country that it took to make each suit, and so don't understand how expensive the Apollo suits were, or why new ones are so expensive.
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Garin, in these comments you can see the type of people who want the question on there, and the type of people who don't think it's a good idea.
Notice how the people who want the question want to use it to get rid of the generations of hard working people who make our brick walls, clean up after us, harvest our food, and clean Trump's resorts?
Instead of finding a way to allow the people who are employed and contributing members of society, the very type of people who keep this country running, to be able to become legal, they have pinned their hopes on getting rid of the backbone of this country, thinking that it will make their problems go away, when all it will do is rear tear communities apart and make everything more expensive at the grocery store.
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jeff deathrage hi! Ham Radio operator here.
We frequently bounce radio signals off the atmosphere to get long distance communications, and other times go through the atmosphere to bounce off the moon, or to reach satellites. (hams have put up many small satellites over the years, and there is also a Ham station on the ISS)
The difference between the signals that go through the atmosphere, and the ones that bounce off is wavelength and angle.
You know how if you throw a rock down into a lake, it splashes and sinks, but if you throw it at a low angle it bounces and skips? Radio waves work like that.
And just like a large flat rock skips better, longer wavelengths (low frequency) gets better skip on the atmosphere.
When you see the ham radio guys with LOOONG wire antennas, or wide yagi elements, they are probably using the low frequencies to get ionospheric skip, which can reach around the globe with just a few watts under perfect conditions.
However, if you aim that antenna so that the same signal goes straight up, it blasts right through the ionosphere.
And what do you mean they had no battery on the moon? They had batteries and fuel cells for electricity, which is how they ran the camera and transmitter.
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The long version... lol
In order to have current flow, you have to have a complete circuit between the power source, through the wires, and back to the other side of the power source.
The ground wire is connected at one end to the neutral conductor, thus to one side of the power source, but it has no connection to the other side of the power source, and also no connection anywhere else to the neutral wire, and so no current can flow.
This is actually exactly why the ground and neutral are only supposed to be Bonded at a single location, because if you had the ground wire connected to neutral at the main panel and also at an outlet you would get some current flow on the ground wire, because it basically becomes part of the neutral circuit, and that's not good!
For one thing when you have current flow in a conductor, due to resistance you have differences in potential along the wire, and so some parts of the ground wire would now have a voltage difference when compared to say the water pipes, leading to shock hazards.
This is part of the reason for the ground rod at the house, which will also be bonded to the water pipes, it's to achieve what's known as Equal Potential, where the neutral wire, and the ground wire, is at the exact same voltage as the water pipes and the dirt.
And the ground rod at the transformer bonds the split phase windings to force one side of the transformer to be at the same potential as the earth.
If you leave the neutral floating on a transformer, then you get 120v or whatever between the terminals, but you don't have one that's at 0v in reference to the ground, it floats.
One site I was working on some industrial controls in an equipment room, and I was there after dark one day and discovered that there was 110v on the ground buss in the plc cabinet after I melted the end off a screwdriver lol
I found that there was 0v from the "Hot" wire to grounded objects like water pipes, and 110v on the neutral and ground wires.
I started testing but didn't find anything that night, so the next day I was going to start tracing the whole system back through the breaker boxes, but when I got there, everything was correct!
I was confused, until a later day I was there late and around dark I heard a loud clunk, and curious I checked, and the voltage had flipped.
Then I realized that some big outdoor lights were powered off the 110v panel, and so I started turning breakers off, and finally discovered that when I turned the breaker for one of the lights on, the voltage flipped.
I discovered that the light circuit was dead shorted when the photocell energized it, so I disconnected it until it could be replaced.
The room was served by a 3 phase feed, and they had put a transformer in the room to derive 110/240, and when I pulled the panel off, sure enough, the electrician who installed it had not bonded the neutral, so it was floating.
That meant that when the "hot" side was shorted to ground, rather than tripping anything, it just referenced the whole transformer, and everything on the sub panel, so that hot was at Ground potential, and thus ground and neutral were now at 110 v to ground.
I called the site rep over the next day and told him the problem, but he tried to tell me I was crazy, so I put the meter between the ground buss and the metal building, and took a test lead and hooked it to a screwdriver and the metal building, and jabbed the screwdriver into a live outlet with him yelling at me to stop, and then told him to look at the meter...
I had to walk him through bonding and what was happening, but finally he agreed to call their electrician to come in and wire the transformer properly.
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Basically the difference is that the nitrate levels and purity are carefully monitored and regulated in the "cured" products because they are regulated food additives, while the "uncured" products are preserved just the same with the nitrites, except it's via an unregulated and inconsistent strength "ingredient" that they usually have to add more of to ensure they get the minimum levels.
So chances are that you are eating MORE of the nitrates and nitrites in the uncured products, but there is also a risk of food spoilage due to the inconsistent levels of nitrates in the celery sourced products.
So it's all just marketing, no one cares about the health effects.
It's like how since MSG gets a bad rap, it's not used very much, and instead there's lots of hydrolyzed soy protein or whatever, many different highly processed substances that are mostly MSG, but the MSG hasn't been specifically isolated so they can still call it something else.
In this case, the celery juice is highly chemically processed and refined, so it bears no more resemblance to celery than cellophane plastic does to a tree, but because they don't refine it, they can still call it celery juice something.
So many "natural" things are really no different than the "unnatural" version.
And I am not taking a position on whether MSG or nitrates are harmful, I don't want Uncle Roger to get upset at me, but there are many things that are touted as natural that are in fact quite harmful, and many times the uniform lab created version is safer because it has a lot of harmful aspects removed.
And other things it's exactly the opposite!
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Of course, if it is a problem caused by the ground equipment, by the test setup, or something unrelated to the flight hardware, this theory goes out the window.
Also, if it is related to damage sustained during reentry or salt water immersion, those are never before tested conditions, so this is the first time they have been able to test it under these conditions, which is important for reusiblity.
So unless this is some new defect discovered unrelated to the fact that it has already been flown, it doesn't reflect badly on their test program, because it is a reusiblity issue, which could not be fully tested until it actually went to space.
It could also be a cycle count issue, and they just reached the limit for some component after extensive testing burns, which would not happen with a production capsule, because they don't burn the engines this much.
It also could be a fatal flaw in a design, but we have no evidence of that, either way, but we have a lot of possibilities that don't spell disaster or prove major errors.
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@RealityIsTheNow , so let's think about this.
Elon had a vision, and so he took his own money and started hiring engineers to figure out how to do it.
But he didn't just pay them, he has been involved all through the process guiding them as they went.
If you watch the Dan Rasky? Videos from nasa (he was a NASA engineer who was sent to work with SpaceX as part of their skill sharing program), he talks about how the different engineering teams would get together for a meeting with Elon and lay out the different options and views, Elon would ask a few questions, and then tell them which way to go.
He is a very involved leader, not just a business man, and all the people who work for him respect his opinions and views, because he has proven himself to them, even if he doesn't have a degree in their field.
So yes, Elon didn't build the engines by himself, but he certainly deserves as much credit for the design and success as anyone else on the crew, because part of doing great things is hiring the right people and working with them to get the job done.
I don't know what direct involvement Von Braun had with the F 1 engine, but even if it was none, it is still just a version of the engine design he developed, so he had every right to be proud of it as a grandpa even if not a father.
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@jeovannijuarez9518 guess who trained the NASA astronauts on all the systems involved in the launch and operation of the capsule? And where that training was done?
Hawthorne by SpaceX.
The space station training was done by others, because that's not SpaceX technology, but anything SpaceX builds, it's going to be doing the training for.
And when SpaceX builds a rocket to Mars, it's the only one who will be able to train the astronauts to fly it.
And remember, Boeing has their own astronauts, one will be flying on their first manned Starliner flight along with 2 NASA astronauts.
Training astronauts is a specialized program, and has to be down by the people creating the technology, so even if NASA employed astronauts fly on Starship, they will have been trained by SpaceX, so SpaceX can train their own just as easily.
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@romuloambay9624 and just like politics and religion, the disagreement nearly always is because of ignorance on one, or often both, sides!
People rely on what they have heard others say, and then treat it like gospel truth, where if someone actually wants to learn about a subject and puts the work into truly understanding something, they won't be arguing constantly about it.
For instance, it's easy to do a simple test to see if a ground rod will help at all with a ground fault, but most people, engineers included, have never done that, they just accept whatever they were taught, or looked at in theory.
Which is why Mike Holt does the demos and goes into such detail in his videos, to try to counteract the ignorance and errors rampant in the industry.
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@coryCuc if you knew your history you would know that the Interstate Highway System was a Federal project because it was needed for National Security.
Leaving the roads up to the states and counties didn't work, because you would end up with miles of muddy roads through swamps that were impassable much of the year.
This prevented interstate commerce, but most importantly made it impossible to move troops and machinery around the country quickly.
The only way to make a reliable all weather road network through all the states was for the Federal government to do it, thus the National Defense Highway Act was passed creating the plan.
And before you say the states should have done it, most of them couldn't.
Most states do not raise enough revenue to support their own roads, Interstates or state routes local roads etc.
This is why you couldn't really drive coast to coast prior to the Interstate system, because many states didn't have enough revenue to pay for it.
So all the Representatives of the States joined in Congress decided that it would make the most sense to create a central agency that would collect road funds from all the states and use it for the benefit of the nation, since keeping it connected reliably is important for both national security and prosperity.
The strength of the nation relies on the ability of a company in San Francisco to ship a truck load of widgets to New York city, and that requires at least as good a road across Nevada and Utah as across California and New York, but Nevada and Utah don't have the population to support roads that mainly carry people across the state. So that requires California and New York to pitch in to build that road, and that is ddjbr, via mutual agreement, via the federal agencies.
And remember, while the constitution may give the States certain authority, it doesn't forbid the states from deciding to ask the federal government to coordinate, and thus lend the Federal some of the State responsibilities.
Also remember that many states receive more money in taxes than they pay to the Feds, while states like California subsidize the rest of the states.
The states that receive more than they pay tend to be Republican, rural, with high acreage low density businesses such as farms and agriculture, or they have little in the way of natural resources etc.
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While rain does bring a lot of stupid accidents to LA, in the defense of the West Coast, our snow is not the same as the Midwest.
We get wet snow over here that has no traction, compared to the dry snow that you can easily drive on back there.
It's called Sierra Cement for a reason lol
I am a truck driver who has been driving through this storm from LA to Seattle and such, and I also go further east some trips, and the difference in driving conditions from the same storm as you go east is remarkable, with chains needed in the west, but no issues as you get east.
So, yes, people who don't have experience driving in bad weather have problems, but between all the steep roads and the wetter slick as snot snow, it's harder out here... Lol
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@A.Lifecraft you seem to think that because you "studied physics" that you are smarter than 100 years plus of engineers and scientists and and end users finding every possible way to make one of these terminations fail.
There are only two ways to terminate a wire rope where the termination is stronger than the rope itself, and doesn't derate the cable due to bending it etc.
You 100%of the cable strength with pressure swaged ferrules and fittings, and with Spelter poured ends like this (using either a special epoxy or zinc/white metal/Babbitt metal, etc).
Since hydraulic ferrule presses are a newer invention, and a major investment, Spelter sockets are one of the most common methods to terminate cables, including bridges, crane support cables, rigging slings, barge tow lines, etc, and it's been that way for a very long time.
Tug boats will carry the stuff on board so if one of their giant tow lines gets damaged, they can easily cut off the bad end and put the Spelter socket back on the end.
They have been extensively tested and studied, by people with actual degrees, and the physics of how they work are well understood.
I went to Crosby and did some reading on their research, and I was wrong on one point.
It's almost entirely the wedging action of the tapered zinc or epoxy plug that holds the cable in.
Using epoxy for instance, when it cures you have two forces acting on the wires, adhesion and friction.
They found that either the adhesion or the friction by itself was adequate to seat the plug and create enough wedging action to break the cable.
However, if the plug didn't seat, the adhesion was not enough to hold the wires in, so these fittings are always proof tested after installation to ensure it seats the plug.
So they found that even if the wires were oiled so it would seem that they could slip out easily, there was still enough friction to pull the wedge in and exceed the breaking strength of the cable.
And that's the key point of this termination method, it holds the cable securely enough that the cable will break before it pulls out of the potting material, because of the wedge shape squeezing tighter the more load you add to it.
You also seem to think that zinc is a lubricant, which makes me wonder if you understood how Babbitt bearings worked, and I also suspect that the bearings you referred to are actually Babbitt metal, which is tin based, and not zinc.
Babbitt works by having hard crystals in a soft matrix, providing a low coefficient of friction when used with a polished harder shaft.
And it requires oil to make that happen.
If you run steel directly on babbitt, or zinc, it will tear it up, because it's not a lubricant.
And crimped wire rope wires are not a smooth surface, and so will not easily slide out of metal poured around it.
The fact that it has held for 30 years indicates that it was a proper joint, or it would have failed when originally loaded.
Also, the fact it failed after 30 years points to the likelihood of corrosion outside the potted section, which is a known and likely issue.
So instead of saying that one of the best and most thoroughly tested cable termination methods is a bad idea, maybe we wait for more data on the actual failure.
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@lamgineer I agree, GM isn't trying to compete, they just spotted a niche market that they could turn an actual profit on.
This will be sold to a particular type of person, mostly male, wants the coolest thing that no one else has, and is willing to drop the dough for it.
This will displace the Cadillac Escalade Platinum, and some Range Rover and BMW suv sales, and maybe some Ford F Series Harley Davidson or King Ranch edition trucks, but no one will be buying this as a practical vehicle, and GM knows this, but this is the only price point and volume that they think they can make a profit at with their current technology, and it's something that the movie stars will be driving, basically pumping their stock as they go bankrupt lol
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@factsarefactsanddonotlie8397 that's hilarious.
It sounds like you were having to Google search to see if I was telling the truth, which is why your argument keeps changing! I have not done a single Google search or fact checked anything in this conversation, because I already know this stuff! I am typing this all on my phone, and sometimes when I open Chrome while typing a message in YT, the message gets lost, so I don't even do that anymore, and I certainly didn't need to for this basic of a coverage of the concepts.
I work with this stuff, so I don't need to plagerize. But if that's the best gas lighting you can come up with, that I write like other experts do on the same subject, then I don't have anything further to prove.
But at least I made you search the subject to try to prove me wrong, and maybe you learned something about it, so I won!
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@dansorkin6985 if you are traveling to the other side of the world, do you buy a yatch to make the trip yourself, or do you drive your car to the airport, get on a big plane with lots of other people headed the same direction, and then rent a car at the other end to get to the exact house you wanted to go to?
Getting from the earth into orbit is the really hard and expensive part, just like getting across the ocean, so if you can share that cost with others you save a lot of money.
And compared to buying a dedicated orbital rocket, at Starship aspirational prices, you can bolt your satellite to a space tug, get dropped off at the same place as everyone else, and then drive yourself the easy part to your unique destination.
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@luca7069 no other manufacturer tells you when they make some mid year or even model year internal iteration or change, why are you bitter at Tesla for not doing something that no one else does?
I am mechanic, and it's often difficult getting parts for vehicles, especially early production years, because you can have early year, late year versions of a particular part, or even different parts being used in different factories.
And sometimes it doesn't even have to do with an upgrade, and it will just be a random mix as they use up a batch of parts of one design, or have multiple suppliers.
Sometimes a dealer can look it up by the Vin and see what part is needed, but most manufacturers don't track the parts they use that accurately on a computer, and so the dealer often can't even tell what it's supposed to be, and no way that you would be able to find out the technical details of the parts used before buying the car.
So basically you see unhappy that that Tesla is constantly making improvements, but not giving detailed technical build sheets listing every single change in design or parts. What a ridiculous and burdensome demand.
I suspect you feel this way because you don't like not having the newest and greatest, and the thought of them making the next car be better than your car upsets you.
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You left out one key part at the end. Many GPS receivers, for surveying, grading, farming, etc especially, use ALL of the constellations at the same time.
This way, even without RTK (Real-time kinematic positioning, the system used for surveyors, heavy earth moving equipment, and precision farming to get millimeter accuracy, similar to the differential GPS systems you talked about), you can get greatly improved accuracy, because each system has different error modes, different frequencies so you can calculate ionosphere conditions better, plus you get a lot more satellites, so you can get more accurate positioning data.
And combine that with RTK with a base station at a known location, and you can do a GPS controlled CNC milling machine with sub millimeter accuracy! Lol
Or, you know, get accurate survey data with no Total Station and lasers, or have a Grade Control equipped road grader or paving machine make perfect roads, or have an auto steer equipped tractor fertilize a field and keep the drill lined up perfectly between the rows of seeds, while the millennial farmer makes silly YouTube videos and complains about the times the system crashes ;)
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@jarkkohaimakainen2378 that's exactly the issue, translating the F1 designs and processes into modern manufacturing and technology would involve a ridiculous amount of work and money.
All the F1s ever built were hand built by the guys who designed them and figured out how to build them, or people they had directly trained.
So while the dimensions and chemistry of a combustion chamber might be in the records, the exact heat treating process, how it was stacked in the furnace, and exactly what the specs of the furnace were used, how it was cooled down to prevent warping, and then how it was hand lapped and adjusted to get it to fit and work perfectly, was only known by the craftsman actually doing it.
And when they considered restarting the program, most of the original workers were dead or no longer remembered the details, and a lot of the engineer and technician notes had been lost or taken home by the workers.
The machines and tools they used and the technology and techniques that they used back then are also no longer in use and not well understood anymore, kind of like very few people know how to black Smith anymore.
So it would require figuring out how to build old designs with modern technology, which would also mean redesigning a lot of parts to make them compatible with CNC and other modern technology and materials science
And at the end of the day, they realized that they would basically be starting from scratch, because they would have to start building and testing parts until they figured out how to get the required performance, and so they realized that it would be easier to design a new engine using modern technology from the start, rather than try to restart the F1 production.
And that's the same issue Russia would run into if they try to reverse engineer anything, because if they don't have the materials science and exact tools and methods used, they won't be able to produce the exact copy without extensive R&D to develop their own skills and technology.
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@johncoops6897 yup. I haven't watched anything for a long time, but I see the video titles pop up once in a while, and move on! Lol
Building a truck crane looks nice, but not terribly interesting.
I saw he built a new shop building, so maybe he will get back into actual big work?
I think he basically discovered he had a fan base, and so it turned from the "watch someone make cool metal", to "watch Adam do stuff!".
There seems to be a big fan club that likes watching Adam, but I was there to watch the metal!
So now I watch Karl and Isaac, with Demolition Dave to blow stuff up occasionally!
And of course, This Old Tony, because, magic!
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@steveaustin2686 you realize that when lunar Starship gets to lunar orbit, it will be met by a fuel tanker Starship to refuel it, so it can be reused, right?
So might as well send a Crew Starship as well, as long as you are building crew certified Starships.
Even if NASA doesn't trust them for earth launch or landing, you can shuttle from the moon to LEO, and then dock with Crew Dragon for launch and recovery.
So not really ANY need for SLS.
And, if NASA trusts Starship to land humans on the moon and then take off again, how is that any less risky than taking off from Florida with humans in it?
Once SpaceX got their foot in HLS, SLS is pretty much doomed once Starship starts flying successfully, because if NASA is trusting it on the moon, not much excuse not to trust it on the earth as well, especially after civilian crews start launching on it for space raves or whatever.
That's why they want to put as much money into SLS this budget cycle, because they know the flow of pork is threatened by SpaceX. Lol
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People ask for wool because it is still the best for being bullet proof, quiet, and warm even when wet.
Yes, you can get warmer and drier high tech products that weigh less, but won't last for years under heavy wilderness use, don't do well around campfires, and decay after a few years and lose their properties.
You can get commercial wool clothing, but it's really expensive, and often doesn't have the same tough as nails quality that classic military wool had.
So for a wilderness survival expert or student, military surplus wool really is the best, much better for the application than high tech synthetic products.
Good Wool can be passed down for generations, not so much the synthetic stuff.
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@akyhne uh, no, SpaceX is known for being the only current US ride to space, for launching at an unprecedented cadence, for building giant shiny rockets bigger than any others ever built, and for doing it all at much lower prices than anyone else ever.
Oh, and for landing and reusing rockets.
The earth to earth simulation is NOT what they are known for, it's just a little side project, which by the way, the military is very interested in, and so we will probably see money put towards it.
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@gandalf1783 if you are insulated and touch a hot wire, nothing happens.
Just like a bird sitting on a power line.
However, moisture is present in a lot of things, and most shoes are not completely insulating (sweat from the foot combined with pinholes in the sole etc), and so electricity can often find ways back to Source.
For instance, if you are standing on bathroom floor after someone took a shower, the floor might have enough moisture on it to make a current path to a ground-bonded water pipe.
You can also simply touch both terminals on an outlet.
Or on carpet, if the humidity is high enough there might be some conductivity, or maybe you are kneeling on a nail beneath the carpet and the board has some moisture because the crawl space has high humidity, and the board is grounded to the damp concrete foundation.
However, if you are wearing dry shock hazard shoes which have a dielectric barrier in them with no pinholes, or you are standing on a dry rubber anti shock mat, a clean and dry fiberglass ladder or plastic stool, then you can touch a hot lead with no shock, because there is no where for the current to go.
All of the situations I mentioned before are very high impedance circuits, but it takes so little current to be dangerous to us that we can still get that shock.
Now, I have gotten a lot of shocks in my life, between faulty equipment (not my fault) and working with electricity (my fault lol), and most of them were more straight forward, standing on wet surfaces, or touching both sides of a circuit, like the time my hand slipped on a large motor starter overload reset button and I punched across the 3 phase 480v terminals with my knuckles.
I was actually standing on wet metal when it happened, but I had dry boots on so the only shock I got was between phases across my knuckles.
I also was in the habit when I was working on open control panels like that to keep one hand behind my back, which may have saved my life that time, because if my other hand had been holding the cabinet door at the time it would have been much worse.
I had an old electrician friend who used to never put cover plates on at his place so he could test the power easily if something went out, and he had to lick his fingers to be able to feel 110 v lol
And usually he had to touch across both terminals or touch something grounded, because he would not be grounded standing on dry dirt or concrete.
But it's hard to tell for us normal people whether what we are standing on is indeed dry enough to insulate us from ground.
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@Tenkai917 as Scott pointed out, it looks like 3 drouge chutes deployed, (which are part of the parachute) and it almost looked at one point like there were 3 sets of shroud lines out, but then you ended up with only 2 parachutes.
If the drouge did in fact deploy, then it was a parachute failure, not just a failure to deploy.
Think of if you are skydiving, and you throw your drouge chute out, and your parachute either fails to come out because the drouge line breaks, or the parachute comes out but isn't properly attached to your harness and just falls away.
You deployed the parachute, but it failed.
So if 3 drouge chutes deployed but only 2 chutes opened, then it was a parachute failure.
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What many are missing is that the "minor software issue" is actually a serious ground up design problem that needs to be completely redesigned with different assumptions and criteria.
They designed the system in a way where a single point of failure would cause the capsule to blindly do things regardless of any other inputs.
It was simply responding to a fixed sequence based on the clock, and that means that we won't find out what else has zero fault tolerance or error checking, until it's actually put to use.
I do industrial automation, so I am familiar with making large machines perform actions automatically, and you always want to verify your inputs and have some form of error checking or redundancy.
For instance, the easiest one. If the clock says 11, before you do the step for 11, you verify that the previous steps have been completed.
Or, before changing the orientation of the craft, you check the star trackers and GPS and verify where you are supposed to be with where you actually are.
You can also compare SECO/deployment with the download clock time and verify that they match the schedule.
But, just like with MCAS, it is a system with lots of power and no way to verify or error check what it's doing, so one input is all it needs to jump off the bridge blindly.
And you can say that it could be overridden by the crew and everything would be fine, but since they obviously failed in basic design and ground testing, designing a system that could fail so confidently, and not testing it adequately to discover this problem, but that is not a valid assumption, because the rest of the system is designed and tested by the same team, and so it would be surprising if this blind and Fail Dangerous system didn't have other similar flaws and bad assumptions and improperly tested aspects, that could have terrible consequences without a review as detailed as the MCAS is receiving.
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The thing that you didn't talk about is thermal mass. Put the turkey inside a thick cast iron block, or maybe a liquid tank, and have a shutter that allows heat to reach the iron, or a tubes running the liquid through the heat shield, so that you heat up the thermal mass to 500 degrees or whatever, and then you stop adding heat
Then you can land the oven, and the cooking will continue while the recovery teams are tracking it down.
Have the capsule open up to stop the cooking when the BBQ thermo probe registers the correct internal temperature in the meat.
This simplifies things because you just have to plan for enough thermal mass for the correct cooking time, and then design the capsule and orbit to get the thermal mass up to the needed temperature, and since it would heat from the outside in, you could have the cast iron exposed directly to the plasma, and not overheat the turkey.
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@thedarkknight1971 you seem to be falling into the fallacy that because YOU can't see the reason why something is done a particular way by people just as smart as you who have been working for years to research and design and test something, that they must be doing it wrong.
With your design, what happens when Mars dust is kicked up and fouls the launch rail sliders and it slows the rocket down from the grit? And you could add wheels and sealed bearings, but that adds weight and more failure points, what if a seal blows going in and out of atmospheres, and the bearing seizes or freezes, and how much clearance do you need so a pebble won't jam it entirely on launch?
The Yeet system can probably be enclosed until yeetage, and be made so that there is nothing for dust to bind up or clog.
And I am sure that they have considered all the possibilities, looked at the pros and cons, weighed the various options, and come up with the one they consider is the best.
But you haven't sat in on all their meetings or looked at their detailed size and mass calculations, you are just making an assumption about it all, and thinking that you are smarter than they are.
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I am an F350 guy (diesel, crew cab 4wd, and yes, I actually use it ;) ), but I am also a Tesla lover.
I think this is the best designed non Tesla EV yet, if I were back in construction, this would be an amazing truck, with lots of good quirks and features, and the familiar Ford feel.
So kudos to Ford, I was not expecting to be this impressed with it, based on all the other "Tesla Killers" so far lol.
That said, I expect that the Cybertruck will also be a good worktruck, and will be cheaper for the same capabilities.
Since the CT is still "subject to change" in design and specs, I won't at all be surprised if they add in some of the Ford features so they are equal on features.
For instance, bed lighting and under body lighting is just an extra lighting kit, easy to add.
The 40 amp 220 v inverter with lots of outlets is a pretty basic thing to match or exceed, as is being able to power your house. (the Tesla charge port already has this capability, it just needs to have the right wall hardware).
I like the easy access front truck, and I don't know if the CT will have that, or does already, but I hope it gets added.
So basically it would be easy for Tesla to put the extra window dressing on, and maybe make a specific "Work Truck edition" with built in saw horses or whatever, and none of it takes major engineering work, except maybe the easy access front trunk.
The concerns I have with the Ford are production capacity, how many they will actually be able to mild, between factory ramp, battery supplies, 3rd party parts shortages, etc. I expect it will end up being delayed, and then probably not easily available for quite a while.
The other concern is how these features will work in real life, what practical range will be as a work truck, how reliable the inverter will be, and how much repairs will cost, and all the other details that Ford doesn't really have experience with, that may bite them and the buyers.
So if the early adopters are having lots of problems, the demand may dry up, or if it's not enough capacity to drive to the job across town and then run some tools for a few hours and make it home, the benefits of the system may not prove a good investment.
So IF Ford can execute this smoothly, than I see a good market for it, but I don't see it being competition to the Cybertruck particularly either, because they are so different in appearance lol
I know a lot of guys who see pulling up at the jobsite in a Ford is part of their carefully crafted image, but I also know a lot of people where pulling up at the customer in a Cybertruck will be part of their Brand, and specifically to set them apart from the competition.
Imagine the yard care companies in the Bay Area or Florida getting fleets of Cybertrucks as the company calling card, etc.
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@CHECKERCE this is actually a very good use of Spot, pretty much the first one I have seen actually lol
It's not really useful to install temperature sensors on motors, because different areas get hot depending on if it's a bad bearing or a bad motor, and so you have to have multiple temperature sensors on each motor in order to get the same data that a thermal imager will give you.
And in a facility like this with thousands of motors, it would take months to install something like that, and most of the motors you can't access safely without a plant shutdown, so it would cost a lot to money to try to wire everything up.
And thermal cameras that can give temperature alerts in an industrial environment are thousands of dollars each, and you would need hundreds of them to cover all the motors and gear boxes and bearings in the plant.
On the other hand, you put one good thermal imaginary camera on the robot, and one good ultrasonic sensor on it, and then have it roam the plant 20 hours a day (with charging time), and it can get into the correct positions to check the temperature on every motor and gear box, and monitor for air leaks or even bearings going out, and even if it takes 3 days to cover the entire plant, you have constant monitoring going on, that would require hiring several additional technicians to do manually otherwise.
So in this exact scenario it actually makes a lot of sense, and is a good investment, assuming that the automatic alerts etc work properly, because it frees up more expensive humans to actual correct the problems, rather than just having to do passive monitoring.
And remember that Spot costs much less than hiring a single technician, so even if it only does the job of one employee, it will pay for itself in less than a year in a big facility like that.
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@MillionFoul you just described for me WHY they need to do actual testing, because the systems are so interrelated, actually testing different failure modes is the only way to verify that a new system is safe!
You are talking about a plane or rocket system like its a phone app, where you can just test it in the simulator, and then publish it, and then fix the bugs that show up, rather than testing it with different model phones and different OS versions.
It's fine for an app, not for a plane.
In addition, it was because of lack of testing and verification that they decided that MCAS wasn't a Catastrophic level system, because if they had looked at the more powerful version that shipped, they would have realized that it was capable of catastrophic failures.
But because they had very low levels of oversight and were happy to ship stuff with minimal verification and testing, it never got looked at after it was strengthened.
If they had been paying attention, they would have realized as soon as they discovered that they screwed up on the AOA disagree indicator, that the lack of it would leave the flight crew with no way to recognize an MCAS issue, especially considering that no one even knew MCAS existed, and someone would have realized that maybe they should alert the customers that the feature they were training for, didn't actually function.
But they decided that it wasn't needed, and so were going to include it quietly in a future update, which never came...
As to your claim that the crashes were mostly pilot error, you are assuming that the procedures and memory items are infallible and accurate, and they aren't.
They attempted to follow the runaway trim procedure, but they were unable to, because the manual trim wheels are not able to be cranked with the control surface at that high an angle, because the aerodynamic forces are too high to overcome manually, and they were too low altitude to be able to dive while they cranked it to take load off of it.
So when that didn't work, they re-engaged the trim cutouts, and were able to use the trim switch to recover.
Now, if Boeing/FAA had actually told anyone about MCAS, the procedure would be that if the AOA disagree indicator was on, and you had runaway trim, to use the yoke trim switches to get the proper trim, and then turn the trim cutout switches off.
And everything would have been fine.
But because they decided not to tell anyone, and instead rely on a 50 year old procedure that hadn't been tested under extreme conditions, and that made their untested software unable to be overridden, causing hundreds of deaths.
And claiming that the pilots didn't follow procedures that wouldn't work under those circumstances, in a failure mode that they had no training for, because a company shipped untested and unverified software without telling anyone, shows that you have bought into their culture, that not testing extensively is all right, because it costs too much to do proper testing.
And it's rich that you make this claim after all the other stuff has come out and the Max failures, both of internal and external oversight, and now seeing the same thing play out with Starliner, with major lack of testing, as well as lack of internal and oversight.
The whole system is broken if a company is this lax about testing their actual product, and the supposed oversight agency lets them do whatever they want, to save some time and money.
Hopefully this tragedy, and the Starliner comedy (since no one was on it) will get NASA to put Boeing back on the leash, and get the world airline regulators to get involved in making sure that the planes are safe, even if it costs more money.
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@nicosmind3 , you have to remember that most of the fuel usage for a rocket launch is to accelerate it to orbital velocity, altitude is not the issue.
You can send a tiny rocket straight up into space with no orbital velocity, but it will then fall right back down because of gravity. If all you were trying to do was that, then yes, a mountain launch would get it a couple of miles closer, and thus less fuel needed, but when you consider all the fuel needed to haul it up the mountain, vs the amount of fuel needed to take the rocket 2 miles, it really isn't worth it.
Think of the difference between shooting a gun straight up in the air, so the bullet flies up, and then falls back down, vs spinning a bucket on the end of a rope.
It is getting the orbital velocity (the bucket on the rope, balanced forces of the velocity trying to send it away, and gravity pulling it back) that uses most of the fuel, which is why rockets tip over soon after leaving the pad, to begin pointing them around the globe, instead of away from it.
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While you will hear very strong opinions on both sides, most of the Indians that I have personally known call themselves Indians not Native Americans.
Native American is a term created by white men in more recent years, and is actually a federal government designation bestowed upon tribes that meet the government requirements.
I know some from one of the Apache tribes that went deeper into the desert and never was captured and put on a reservation, and they legally can not call themselves Native Americans, because that name is only assigned to tribes that accepted federal rule over them.
So while white activists may get upset if you say Indians, most Indians will not lol
Oh, and since they are native to the land, and America was an invader, native American isn't even technically correct either, but Indian, while based on a wrong assumption, is pretty much the accepted English name for them as a group, which they tend to use themselves.
The only totally accurate name is Indigenous Peoples, but when you are talking about history, Indian is the proper historical name, and is still used by them today.
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I usually just smile and tell them to have a nice evening, as I walk out.
That, or play deaf.
Most stores I go to don't check receipts (I am a truck driver, so I go to many stores), and some only check some of the time.
Usually they are relatively low key about it, and I can just walk past, but I see some that are like an angry bee and will end up right in your face, so I just wait until they are buzzing someone else, and walk past on the other side lol
Once you are past them, only once years ago in Napa did I have someone run to get in front of me and physically stop me, (they ended up letting me go without showing the receipt lol) otherwise it's just ignoring them.
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The problem I have always had with Apple is that they try to control what you can do with their computer or phone.
Limited app and software availability, locked down user experience, etc.
They want to be in charge of the user experience for the customer.
The equivalent would be if Tesla wouldn't let you go on certain roads, or vetted your passengers before opening the door. Lol
So Tesla creates a holistic user experience, but it's just the foundation. You then are allowed to customize and use it how you want, with no danger of it being disabled or limited (unless you are messing with the innards, which they are getting better about, but only effects a few people lol).
Also, Apple tries to limit your options, keep everything minimalistic, and based on their desires.
Elon listens to the users directly and is constantly adding new toys and features and options to it, and while he keeps the basic minimal design, he adds lots of features within that design.
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E L.
It's relatively simple. The UK is already pretty much entirely developed, so trenching for a pipeline isn't destroying untouched wilderness or going through sacred ground.
It's also much shorter distances, so no 1000 mile long scars through ancient forests.
Plus, if a gas pipeline leaks, you clean up the spill by waiting for the breeze to waft it away, but when the crude pipelines like we have in the US leak, they fill streams and rivers and sensitive environments with toxic sludge.
Also, yes, you guys are going to do a much better job at instalation and maintenance and inspection then we do, because it's part of your culture.
Plus, you don't have 10s of thousands of miles of pipe to deal with either lol
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@coryCuc no private company is going to build a freeway through the mountains and across Nevada, none have that kind of capital to do a project that vast.
And if they made it a toll road, the toll would have to be so high just to maintain it that no one would use it, or it would take decades before it turned a profit.
But at the same time, all 50 states benefit from the freeway, because it allows year round free travel for all, encouraging economic growth and stability, in a way no for-profit company could provide..
And when you look at the few private toll roads that do get built, they are put in places that are relatively easy to build and relatively short thus cheap, have a very high volume of existing traffic so they can spread the cost over more drivers, and often they fail or have serious problems because they care more about the profits than the upkeep and safety.
I don't want to have to rely on a private company with monopoly power.
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The problem is that lithium and the other materials are, quite literally, Commodities.
In other words, if demand spikes and lithium etc prices spike, driving the stock price of producers up, that will encourage others to enter the market, driving the price back down and replacing the existing suppliers with a bunch of new competitors.
And since commodities are based on price, the existing producers have no long term advantage.
On the other hand, the EV manufacturers have a brand name and a unique product, and the ability to grow exponentially if they have the best product.
The miners have already been bought up with high prices, so there's not much space to grow.
Also, once Redwood Materials etc ramp up and refine the recycling process, the demand for virgin commodities will reduce, and the prices will drop.
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@tomhardy604 if it were a simple cone, rolling would be no problem, but it looks like it goes from a cylinder to a cone to a sphere, and so the transition areas at least would be compound curves.
Even then, getting precision panel size and shape would be difficult without some sort of punch press die process it would seem to me, because if you tried to laser cut it first, then roll it, you would get distortion and uneven edges from the rolling process, and then have to find some way to trim the edges to within spec, and since this is a BIG rocket, you might be talking about a few hundred panels per unit, and so I think since Elon likes automation, and because I suspect that the cost of making dies so that each panel is created in basically a single instant step is offset by avoiding the hand fitting that other methods would require, that it would be the natural choice, at least once he thinks he has the basic shape decided on.
And he may find another way to shape panels even better, like maybe hydroforming or drawing it in one giant piece, or maybe 2 clamshells or something. I am sure that he would love to find a way to make it seamless like the renderings lol
One way or another I am sure that he is going to figure out how to make it big, make it fast use robots, and most importantly, make it perfect and shiny!
Because, Elon
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@earlpottinger671 Hi, I am a truck driver, with heavy haul experience! Nice to meet you.
Have you driven truck much?
Even with a max gross load, there are many hills that I go down in the western US mountains where I have to keep the Jake off most of the time because it slows me below my desired speed, even on low.
And on the same grade going the other way I am burning considerable fuel.
It's only on the steep grades that you get good regen, because unlike a car, a semi has a lot of air resistance and friction that affects it up hill or down, and is enough to slow it down on a downgrade rather than let it roll away.
So if you have a steep climb up one side of a mountain, and then a gradual decline on the other side, you get very little regen, if any.
And there's lots of mountains between Hawthorne and Texas, high desert, etc, that will have these types of intermediate grades.
And remember, after climbing up from Hawthorne at sea level to the high desert at 3 or 4 k feet, you then stay at the higher elevation as it gradually falls back down. So you don't get that climb energy back, at least not within hundreds of hilly miles.
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@Kalvinjj Japan has dual frequencies because they are separate islands, and literally like a century ago one island had a power company that bought US generators putting out 60hz, and the other island bought European generators putting out 50 hz, and it didn't matter because they were small generators and there was no connection between the islands, so one island just bought equipment and appliances from Europe, and the other one from the US.
Then as the grid was developed and more industry and power plants were added, they just kept building out the existing standard, because there was no issue with it.
And by the time someone realized that it might cause a problem, it was far too large an infrastructure on both systems to make the change, since you have to change out all the generators and power plants and motors on everything, so they are basically stuck on the two standards.
Now to interconnect the two grids, they have to use High Voltage DC to bridge them.
And unless you are traveling between the two islands regularly, it's not really an issue, because again, one uses standard European equipment, and the other uses standard US equipment, and China makes both! Lol
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@christo930 you don't have a clue.
The semi I am sitting in right now gets better fuel mileage at 80k pounds than my old pickup truck lol
And while I may use 4 times the fuel of the average car on the road at a slightly higher tax (it's cheaper when you are a commercial vehicle than what the sign on the pump says), I weigh 26 times as much,, and road damage is exponential with weight, so no, I don't pay my fair share lol
Also, very little power is generated by coal in the US anymore, and it decreases every year. And the places that still have coal fired power plants are also less likely to have a lot of evs.
In addition, oil production and gasoline refining takes a lot of electricity as well, so you have to include the emissions from the entire oil pumping, transportation, refining etc infrastructure, as well as the tail pipe emissions when comparing gasoline to EVs.
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I was nodding along until you lumped Keto in with the rest and misrepresented it.
For people who do it properly, keto is extremely effective at burning fat, and is the ONLY diet that allows the body to burn stored fat constantly.
And yes, most people don't do it for long, which is fine, since it doesn't take long to cut the fat off!
Keto works by keeping carbs low enough that the body stops producing insulin. This is important because the presence of insulin blocks the body from being able to break down the stored fat as fuel.
Exercise gets around this if you exercise long and hard enough to deplete the blood sugar and insulin, forcing the body to burn fat, but it comes out of ketosis as soon as you eat a snack bar or drink a Gatorade, and fat burn stops.
If you are doing proper keto, you are constantly low on blood sugar and insulin, and so your body can access your stored fat constantly, and does.
Skinny people on long term keto diets eat lots of fat as their primary energy source, and if they are active people spending all day at the gym they basically have to drink straight fat to keep up with the energy needs. (gross lol)
For people like me with plenty of stored fat, keto mainly means limiting my carb intake below the minimum, and trying to keep my fat intake low, that way my body has to burn stored fat as it's primary energy source, and the weight comes off even with no exercise, because the body needs a certain number of calories per day even lying in bed (or driving a truck in my case), and so keto is really the ONLY diet where you can lose weight while sitting on your ass, without starving yourself, and still having decent energy levels.
Any other diet relies on the high intensity exercises, or basically starving the body, in order to reduce weight, because any diet with carbs in it blocks the ability to burn fat directly.
I do agree that it's not sustainable, but if you are doing it as a weight loss tool, then you can stop the madness as soon as you reach your target weight, or get tired of it.
After a while in keto, my body lets me know when I need to reintroduce living food and a lighter diet, but I will have lost quite a few pounds by then.
Once I am off keto, I will generally be feeling well enough that I am able to control portion size and time to hold the weight level for a while, but then things get stressful etc and I start gaining weight again, and when it gets uncomfortable, I do a round of keto again to get back down to a comfortable weight.
So, I do agree that keto is not a good long term lifestyle diet for most people, unless they love gnawing on raw meat every day anyway, and it isn't a particularly healthy diet all told, but it's a very effective weight loss tool when done properly, and understanding how it works and what it does.
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@engineer9673 I went back and looked at the pictures in high resolution, and I see no sign that any of the cylinders were extended beyond their limits, in fact the cylinder on the left is extended even further than the one on the bottom, and you can see that the left grid fin is within normal range of motion, so there is no reason to suspect that the cylinders were damaged.
It is also rare for a piston to break off a rod, since the entire system is designed to be stronger than the maximum forces applied, and the grid fins don't face very high forces.
I also suspect that the cylinders are also the mechanical limits of the grid fin travel, since the greatest force they will see is from the hydraulic cylinder action, and so there is no need for any other stops.
Generally hydraulic systems use the limits of the cylinder for the stops, unless there is some reason for another stop, but for a rotary device like this, you just make your cylinder the correct length for the desired throw, otherwise you are putting full hydraulic pressure against the linkages, and have to make them stronger to withstand it.
By using the cylinder as your limit, you ensure that the greatest force applied to the system is the aerodynamic forces created by the grid fin.
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@A.Lifecraft it sounds like maybe you have also heard of trapping monkeys by putting chunks of salt etc into bulb shaped holes? Lol
The reasons that they don't just solder the wires around the edges is, 1, you would be relying entirely on the shear strength of the solder to hold the load, and 2, the cables are giant, and you would have to have a very large ring to be able to terminate every strand to the anchor ring.
Instead, the cable end is simply expanded, like the sticks on a witches broom, and unlike my analogy with your hand, the center is also full of strands, all evenly spaced apart.
So basically you are forming the end of the cable into a wedge shape, and then filling it in with the potting metal to hold that shape.
It doesn't rely on the sheer strength of the metal, which is why it's a tapered shape, so that the tension increases the gripping force on the wires much like a wedge and socket, but it's even stronger, because instead of simply using friction to hold the wires, it also uses the intermetallic bonds to make the wires become part of the wedge.
In addition, and very important for such a large cable, it evenly distributes the load across all the strands and compresses them all evenly.
In a wedge socket design, the friction is only on the outer strands, and it loads the core unevenly, while relying on bends in the cable to transfer force, leading to high stress points, cable, bundle, and strand deformation, and thus loss of strength.
This method protects each strand, does not require any bending or deformation, and equalizes the compression forces and friction and actual metallic bonds across all the wires.
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@commonsenseskeptic yup, a successful landing but with a sticky valve is such an insurmountable problem! Might as well scrap the whole thing.
Back in reality, Elon has said that they gained enough data from that launch and landing to focus on preparing for a full stack launch, and so instead of spending more time and energy on hops, everyone is working on integrating everything for the orbital launch.
If they still had things that needed hops to test or figure out, they would be doing more hops, but once you reach the performance goals for that stage of testing, why keep doing it?
Of course you are a dedicated negative viewpoint, so you see any changes to the plan as proof of failure, when they are actually signs of optimism and success, that the team believes they are ready for an orbital flight on the next launch.
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@reinerjung1613 TBM technology hasn't changed much over the years, and the regular manufacturers have not adopted many modern technologies that can speed it up.
For instance they still mostly require multiple operators installing the liner, and they bore a distance, and then stop the boring to install the liner, than continue.
Elon is wanting to modernize the drive systems, automate a lot more of it, including installing the liner sections, and make it so that the TBM can continue cutting while the liner is being installed.
It's pretty much the difference between Old Space (Boeing etc) and SpaceX, whether you spend years building bespoke factories before you start testing designs that you have spent years in committee, or whether you put up a tent hire some welders to start testing lol
The Old Tunnelers bid based on the way they have always done things, and they all do it that way, so it's what they get paid for.
Elon wants to find the bottlenecks and cost spikes and make it faster and cheaper, so that a tunnel is as easy to build as a road, instead of a multi decade undertaking.
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As much as I despise Edison and revere Tesla, I have to say that Elon is more like a good Edison than Tesla.
Tesla chased the secrets of the universe, and invented amazing new things that others had never even thought of, and many things that we don't understand even to this day.
Tesla was a genius at finding new things, but had no interest in making products, beyond the minimum to get people to pay for his toys.
Edison was a great promoter.
He was able to take the ideas of others, and refine them into a product that would sell.
His problem was his ego and greed, and acting like the inventions were his own.
Elon takes the ideas of others, both previous generations, and his own team, and works with his team to refine and create a marketable product, but he doesn't try to take the credit for the ideas, just for guiding and encouraging them and creating a good space for them to be efficient and creative.
Tesla and SpaceX invent very few new ideas, they mostly existing ideas and products and put them together in a new and better way.
For instance, the electric car has been around for a long time, as have touch screen interfaces, battery cells, and all the other little bits that make up a Tesla, but Elon and team were the first to put them together in such a good way.
Tesla the man invented most of the stuff required to make it work, which is why it's named after him, but Elon is more like Edison, the refiner and integrator. But without the icky personality lol
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@MrAnarmlessman , however, at say, a wine warehouse, this is exactly how boxes work.
And when a grocery store chain orders a JIT order for a distortion center, a bunch of different skus of similar size and weight cases get loaded onto pallets just like this, and then when they arrive at the distribution center, the lumpers break them down and restack them onto pallets headed to individual stores.
So while I agree that in the package and LTL industry, this would not be very useful, in many types of warehouse and distribution center environments that deal with building mixed orders from a limited range of case sizes, this could directly replace a human with no modification to the warehouse.
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Did you not see it? The robot built an order by taking boxes from multiple pallets of different products, and stacking them into a single pallet, which the other robot then broke down onto a conveyer, which would be at the warehouse at the other end.
I work in logistics, and I see this process repeated many times.
For instance, a big grocery chain will place an order for wine from a big winery. The winery will ship 53 different products on 22 pallets, by picking product from seperate pallets, and loading them much like this. Then those mixed pallets arrive at the grocery store distribution warehouse a couple of states away. Since the order of 53 products is going to be distributed to the stores, the pallets are now broken down, and each product seperated onto its own pallet again, which is stored in the warehouse.
Then when a shipment is made to a particular store, one case of each of those 53 products is now loaded on a pallet, along with cases of other beverages, and whatever else that store needs stock of, and then these mixed pallets are sent to the store.
This happens every day at millions of warehouses across the world, so yes, this robot is catching the attention of a LOT of warehouse managers right now, because this is a job nobody likes doing, and tends to cause back injuries, etc.
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@niklnik1008 I started my career running and repairing an ancient house sized Erie City boiler, and a little known fact is that water has one of highest expansion ratios of any liquid when it flashes to steam, 1,600 times larger.
That causes things to cease to exist lol
The worst that usually happens with compressed air or gasses would be air embolism if you had your hand over the leak, and with high pressure fluids such as hydraulic systems a leak can be like a hot knife through skin, and of course pressure vessels can rupture and send shrapnel around, but steam takes the cake for destructive power, because it turns everything, including you, into shrapnel, and cooks you along the way.
I miss that job! Lol
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@travcollier in other words, Peter is trying to make his decision not to copy SX sound reasonable. Same as ULA dismissing reusablity. But you have to look at two other factors as well. The reason Peter ate his hat is because he realized that if they were able to reuse rockets they could save money, by reducing the number of rockets they had to build. In other words, reusablity was cheaper than building a second factory.
So the recovery plan used a parachute and a helicopter, which is cheaper than a barge landing, for a tiny rocket.
It's not an option for SpaceX, because the Falcon 9 is MUCH too large to catch with a helicopter.
So Peter's new bigger rocket design is designed to do propulsive landing, and he is talking about how much money he saves by not using a barge, but at what cost?
SpaceX doesn't need a barge, they have RTLS pads right next to the launch pads, and they can save so much money. But at what cost?
RTLS takes away a lot of performance from the rocket, so less payload to orbit.
So while Peter might be saving money with no barge, he's also reducing the maximum payload he can carry for every flight, unless he goes full disposable.
So basically SpaceX has to look at each payload and flight and decide if it's cheaper to run the barge out there, or just dispose of the rocket.
And so far, between the actual cost savings of reuse, combined with the increased launch cadence allowed without building a new factory, the barges are a good investment.
But then, you have to remember that SpaceX wants to get away from the barges as well, which is where you need Starship, because it's large enough to RTLS with any size payload, so you are not limiting your largest payload by RTLS. You can launch an actual big yellow bulldozer to the moon with it!
And if someone made a large enough payload, they could do fully expendable and only be out a few million dollars in stainless steel lol
So Peter is talking up his personal choices, but not presenting the full picture, such as how much RTLS limits his payloads.
Falcon 9 ride share with that 3rd party custom space tug to deliver small sats to exact orbits will be cheaper than Neutron anyway, so it's only benefits are a little more scheduling customization.
And then Starship should be even cheaper still.
But, I suspect there are enough customers who don't want to give Elon money that Rocket Lab has a chance at survival lol
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@Bourinos02 a single bus line was not an option at the Las Vegas convention center, because there is no room for it. Otherwise they would have simply bought a couple of busses.
And the reason so many casinos want the system to go to their casino is because traffic is already so bad that the busses that run the Strip can take an hour to get down it.
Even 30 mph is several times faster than the options.
You then compare some early concept art with the early prototype system, and don't see that the design matured since that early artwork, and also that the current system of human driven cars is only temporary.
As the demand increases, higher capacity pods specifically designed for tunnel operation will get built, but I don't expect to see that until after Giga Texas gets finished, since Fremont doesn't have the capacity to build any new designs.
And as the FSD software improves, it will be able to take a greater role in the driving.
And as longer straight tunnels are made, such as down the Strip, speeds can increase as well.
So all of your current complaints are that it's not all happening instantly right at the start, and so doesn't yet look like the end goal.
When Elon says "next year", he's saying that he thinks something can be achieved in that period of time, but he makes clear that he is speaking of the goals he has, and that there are often delays and setbacks.
Look at the Crew Dragon system. Years of delays, lots of "vapor ware" accusations, but now working beautifully.
Same with Starlink and Model 3 and countless other projects that he has worked on that were delayed and called impossible, and are now part of daily life.
And I was extrapolating that Starlink is probably over 2 hundred thousand users by now as they continue shipping dishes as fast as possible, but my point is that it's in daily use across the globe, so can't really call it vapor ware any more.
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If you watch some of the other videos of their other robots, where they are tormenting it with a hockey stick moving the box or knocking it out of their hands, and it keeps recovering and getting the box again, so I am sure that this could do the same.
However, if a box did fall, unless it is a box of Styrofoam cups or something, it will probably need to be inspected for damage before being shipped, so it would probably be programmed to set it aside as damaged for a human to be inspect.
If it was something where damage wasn't an issue, then if it could still see the bar code it could recover it, and if the bar code was on the bottom, it could be programmed to turn the box until it found the bar code, and then stack it. This is all standard error recovery stuff, and all within the ability of this robot to manipulate it, so totally doable.
With machine vison, it could even be able to recognize the difference between the top and bottom of a box (the manufacturer stamp is usually on the bottom, or a different type of tape is used, or various other cues), and be able to recognize the orientation of the box from machine vison, so that it didn't have to randomly turn the box not knowing what side the bar code was on, but be able to flip it directly there.
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@DrewskisBrews the reason Base 10 became common was for higher math. Adding and subtracting became much easier.
But it's not always logical in real world daily life, which is why so many old systems used 12 or 60, because it made sense when not being used for lots of calculations.
For instance, while MM and CM and Meter are very logical mathematically, they aren't very user friendly for a carpenter, because mm is too small for easy use and CM is not fine enough for most carpentry, and Meter is way too big, and nothing in between.
And because the cm and mm aren't far apart, the cm isn't very useful, so generally things are measured in mm, into the thousands of mm.
With the USC system, you have the inch as the base unit, and it's easy to visualize, easy to see, and when you need smaller than an inch, you just pick whatever fraction fits your needs, depending on the tolerances.
And then you can measure in inches, or inches and feet, etc, depending on your scale and needs.
I spent a while doing carpentry, and I have tried doing it in metric, and I find that USC just fits the job better, probably because it was developed by people doing the actual work, rather than theorists.
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@spruce_goose5169 Google SWER, Single wire earth return.
I would include a couple links, but YT doesn't always like links.
It is not used very much because you get better performance if you add a return wire, it is a common method of current flow at utility scale.
So while at household voltages and with household ground systems, earth return is not a practical solution for carrying much current, but when you get to utility scale they are able to do a lot more, because the more current paths you get through the earth, the more current you can get to flow, and if you think about it, the utility has thousands or millions of ground connections, since the neutral wire on the poles has several ground rods per mile creating a vast distributed grounding network.
In relation to the Delta system, that's simple to explain.
If you put a load between A phase and B phase, you will always have potential, because it's AC, and they are out of phase with each other.
You knew that you can run a load across only two phases of 3 phase, right?
You don't need a neutral wire to carry current with 3 phase, because the other phases act as the lower potential conductor.
But because the Source is always grounded, if you test between a 3 phase power line and the dirt, you will still find it has potential to ground, even without the neutral wire.
And the bike chain analogy is a bad one, since electrons take every path available, and are not constrained to only a single physical path.
So if you take a wire off the 120v terminal on a utility pole transformer and take it all the way back to the power plant, it will make fireworks because there is a potential difference, despite going through all the transformers in between.
If you truly isolate a system, then there is no potential to ground, but utility transformers are not true Isolation Transformers, because they don't provide capacitive isolation, and since the utility grounds the neutral, it removes any isolation that may have existed, meaning that every neutral and every hot wire all the way back to the power plant is tied together electrically, and current flows every available path, including through the earth.
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@simongeard4824 I agree completely that redundant computers wouldn't solve this, and yes, it's an error checking issue, back to only looking at one data point (the MET clock), and ignoring all other data such as spatial position, UTC clock, or even internal data such as whether previous steps on the script had been run.
And yes, the more data you look at, the more likely it is that you will get a disagree error, but that's where redundancy comes in, but also, a disagree error means that SOMETHING is wrong, and you need to identify and correct it!
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@hydroponichomesteader6852 I assume that you don't eat any vegetables, beef, fruit, almonds, rice, etc grown in California?
If so, you are contributing to the problem, because most of the water California uses is producing things used by the rest of the world.
I mean, you are using YouTube, which is based in California, so all the water used by the workers who run this website is part of providing this service.
If California reduces water use, the rest of the world gets reduced food and services from California.
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@nipponsuxs that's a common misconception, but it's not actually correct.
Each nation used to maintain their own "Prototype" standard, basically a precision weight for mass units, and a precision ruler for length etc.
That's why the USC inch and the Imperial inch didn't match, because they were based on different Prototypes, and even in carefully temperature controlled rooms they always are changing length.
When the US and Britain agreed to normalize the inch, the center point they picked lined up with 25.4 mm based on the current length of the Prototype used for the metric system kept in France, and so they agreed that the 3 systems would now always track with each other, because previously they were always changing in regards to each other as the different Prototypes shifted length.
They had been cross checking for a few years, and they had found that the French Prototype was the one that changed length the least, it had a more stable alloy than the US or British ones and so it was decided that everyone would track its length.
But that doesn't mean that it was the metric system defining how long an inch was, it means that the US defined the Prototype as 39.37 inches, and even as it changed length, it would be measured as 39.37 inches and everything else would adjust to match it.
So at this point, all 3 systems were simply locked to each other as a conversion factor, and it's just the luck of hundred year old metallurgy that the Meter Prototype was more stable than the US Prototype, or it would have been used.
It's all a moot point now because Length is now defined by the time it takes for photons to travel a certain distance, and the 3 systems are locked together so they all change based on the most accurate technology at the time.
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@TROPtastic the difference is the character and focus of the owners.
One is looking like a Lex Luther, building companies designed to destroy competition, ignoring safety and humanity in the goal of making more money, and basically trying to keep growing into any market that they can control, and make lots of money. It's the ultimate selfish drive to control and take what you want,at whatever price to others.
Elon is driven by a desire to get humans to Mars, and open up space to whoever wants to go. He's spent his own fortune and is putting his time and energy into getting there, not because he wants to take over, but because he knows he can do it better and cheaper!
So I see a big difference between the two, and see SpaceX as opening space up, not taking over.
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I picked one of these up by the engine once lol
A cherry red one got completely high centered on top of a rock wall, right side wheels hanging in space, at Meadowood Resort in the Napa Valley a few years ago, and one of the other tow truck guys who got called out to it called me over from another city because he had no idea how to get it off...
The guy had launched it coming out of the tennis court parking lot, and managed to basically fly it onto the top of the rock wall with only a little damage to the front air dam, and some undercarriage damage, and so we had to try to figure out how to lift it off without damaging anything else, so we couldn't just drag it off, and lifting anywhere would damage body panels. (we don't have those spreader bars like they use in Europe to lift by the wheels....)
After looking all over from every angle and trying to find some option, I stepped back and looked at the car, and got an idea.
So I went and popped the back window (hood) open, and looked in, and sure enough! Just like Honda likes doing, the engine had lifting eyes on it.
After checking the geometry, I found that the window opened just far enough that I could get the cable straight down to the engine without hitting it.
So I went and grabbed my bag of tricks that all the other drivers always made fun of because I loaded way too much on whenever I went on duty, and sure enough! I had a selection of various shackles and clevises and screw links and some short pieces of chain etc, and I put small screw links on the lifting eyes, and then stacked up different sizes until I could make a chain bridle between the lifting eyes.
I remember I had to use multiple sizes because of clearance issues around the manifold or whatever. It was NOT pretty, and NOT rated for overhead lifting lol
Then I got my tow truck positioned on an angle with the boom over the engine (this was on a narrow one way lane, so I couldn't get next to the car), got the cable past the window, chained the front end of the car loosely to the flatbed tow truck (the air dam and bumper were already damaged, so there was no loss), and then gingerly lifted, and picked the rear of the car up via the engine (I figured the engine was the heaviest part lol) and then retracted the boom to swing the car a few inches off the rocks. Since I was on an angle, I had to repeat this process several times, moving the tow truck in between each time, but we finally got the rear swung over onto the road, and then we were able to run the flatbed under the front end at an angle, lift it up and pull it over as well.
And all this was in front of a Live Studio Audience, because the car was owned by a rich and well known local, and all the other rich guys thought it was more interesting than playing tennis lol
Too bad it was before camera phones!
Our company (Carl's, in St Helena), who was also the best body shop in the area, so was also doing the repairs, got a letter from the guy a while later, saying how great a job we had done not causing any more damage, and how much money we had saved him by being so careful.
After this, I got less flack about all the junk I carried, because they realized I actually had it for a purpose! Lol
I also have been to the guys house to jump start it, and THAT was nerve wracking, trying to avoid dragging the cables on the paint...
Sadly, both the area where his house was, and Meadowood Resort (along with a bunch of my friends houses...), burned in the latest fire storm, but I would guess he was dead by now, so the car is probably long gone, since that's what the people here care about! Lol
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@Imammk you just invalidated your own argument lol
Thrust is produced by the interaction of expanding and accelerating gasses against the walls of the combustion chamber and nozzle, causing thrust in opposite reaction to its acceleration.
So rocket thrust is ONLY produced in the nozzle, and in this case there are 4 nozzles producing thrust.
If it were an open cycle and the turbopump had its own nozzle, then you could say it produced thrust, but the turbopump only injects fuel into the combustion chamber, and produces no thrust on its own.
Yes, thrust is made possible by the turbopump, just as thrust is made possible by the fuel pump, but "thrust" on the rocket, ie, power production, is only produced by the 4 separate combustion chambers and nozzles, and so my original statement stands!
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Joe Chang , yes, like I said, gravity and magnetism were similar in that they both decay with distance, and I used magnetism as an example because it is something that we can feel and experiment with instead of just being an abstract theory.
As far as long distance radio data transmission, yes!
I am a Ham Radio operator, and also spent a few years in broadcast radio, including installing and tuning towers and the antennas on them, so I know a few things about the subject.
You need 2 things you need to get a signal that far.
A high gain antenna at each end, and an error correcting data format for when interference overpowers the signal briefly.
If you take 23 watts and put it into a standard whip antenna (like a car radio antenna for instance), that power is going to radiate in all directions equally, and so any one direction is only going to get a tiny fraction of that energy.
That is a zero gain antenna.
But if you modify they antenna a little bit, such as putting reflector elements behind it, or the ultimate, using a dish antenna, you can point all that energy in one direction, giving it "gain".
An old rooftop TV antenna is an example, having reflector elements behind the main element.
A parabolic dish antenna is the highest gain you can have basically, which is why it it used for satellite dishes and microwave telecommunications links etc.
So what they do for the deep space missions is have a parabolic dish antenna that is kept aimed back at earth, and then since the atmosphere attenuates radio waves, and there is a lot of rf interference on earth, they have a network of satellites called the Deep Space Network or something like that, and they have even bigger dish antennas pointed back, and the combination is enough to allow communication at those distances.
It is extremely slow, because the data rate has to be kept very low at those distances, but the signal gets through, and if some drops out, it gets resent.
Then the Deep Space Network satellite relays it back to the earth ground station.
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Scott, one thing I think you misunderstood is the radio communication issue.
On the teleconference they really tried to talk around the issue, but finally got asked enough times what the problem was that they very reluctantly said more than just "an elevated background noise floor in certain geographical areas".
From what I heard on the teleconference, they said it was a loss of communication with TDRS, probably because of cell towers.
Now, I am a radio guy, and I don't know exactly what system they had set up, but if it involved the TDRS satellite network, then it would either be a ground station uplink to TDRS, or a connection to a NASA TDRS ground station.
If they are communicating directly with the capsule, they wouldn't need TDRS, so I am guessing that it was a TDRS uplink site, probably something Boeing built especially for Starliner. And didn't test...
Cell towers broadcast relatively low power, and directed out horizontally, so they don't waste power aiming for the sky.
Ever try to send a text from a plane? Lol
You don't get reception even directly over a tower usually, because the lobe is horizontal.
So there's no way that a cell tower would reach a signal to LEO.
It's just not powerful enough.
So, if a cell tower caused interference, it was with ground based equipment, not space based.
And that means that they probably didn't design proper filters and interference rejection into the ground systems, which is standard practice for any radio system installed near possible interference sources.
In addition, if it was a ground station connecting to TDRS, then they could test it ahead of time, to verify it connected.
Oh, and certainly they would have known that they were using the same frequency band (or near harmonics of) the nearby cell towers, because that's part of a basic site survey, and that's all in the public FCC database.
So if cell towers indeed causes this interference, unless one of the cell transmitters had just gone nuclear and was pumping out highly elevated levels of noise and hadn't shut down yet, then it means that they didn't do a proper site survey, they didn't design the system with intermod and interference rejection and protection and filtration, they didn't test the system to see if there was a lot of noise from nearby frequencies, and didn't test the link to TDRS to make sure it was stable.
And if they messed up THAT badly, I understand why they REALLY didn't want to admit that cell towers had messed up their TDRS uplink lol
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@hawkdsl PayPal wasn't a failure. Tesla is far from bankruptcy and has been for quite some time now.
Falcon 9 was a great success, as was Crew Dragon. Starlink is in the early stages but is functioning beyond expectations because it's being done differently than any previous attempt (though even Elon says they are just trying to be the first that doesn't go bankrupt).
The Boring Company is still in prototype and testing phase, with only one system at the convention center currently in Beta testing mode.
Once it expands onto the Strip, and Vegas allows Driver Assist features to be turned on, it should show its potential a little better, but they haven't built the planned custom people mover that will make it work really well yet, so it looks pretty messy right now, but it will improve.
And the deal with T Mobile won't really increase profits much, because it requires a new satellite design, and very little data will be used, and T Mobile won't even be charging extra for it. So I don't think that it will have a big impact on SpaceX, but Elon likes doing things that make a difference, and it makes a big difference, even if not a big profit.
And Shotwell is there to support turning Elon's vision into reality, not to try to take control of the company from Elon. And she does a great job at it too!
But, for people who don't like Elon personally, of course they are going to try to avoid giving him any credit for what he's doing.
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@hawkdsl haters by their very nature get all the facts wrong.
He was not kicked out of PayPal, he was replaced as CEO just before it was sold to eBay.
I agree that SpaceX works so well because of Shotwell, which is exactly why Elon gave her the job, because they work well together, she keeps the company working smoothly so he can focus on developing new technologies. Without both of them SpaceX would not be what it is today.
And if you think that SpaceX could push technology so far without Elon, how come no one else is doing so well, and how come before Elon hired her, Shotwell was just a regular engineer and manager at her previous jobs, and didn't make any amazing progress on anything before joining Elon?
Elon certainly has a cult of personality, but acting like that's all he is shows a deep level of denial of the accomplishments he's made and how integral he is to the companies he starts and runs.
And countless engineers and scientists have testified how in awe they are at his grasp of engineering and science, and how quickly he learns new things.
People who have spent a lifetime studying a particular subject, and they are in a meeting with Elon deciding how to proceed on a project, and he asks the right questions to be able to understand the situation, and then makes a decision that turns out to be the right one.
There's a reason SpaceX and Tesla are the most popular places for engineers to work, because Elon has created an environment where engineers can shine and develop amazing things, and with few exceptions, the ones who have worked with Elon say he's a great engineer.
You seem not to understand what the T Mobile service is, or how it compares to Starlink broadband internet.
They will use the same satellite buss, but nothing else will be the same. It's literally an expansion pack bolted to the Starlink satellite.
Different antennas, different frequencies, different power levels, and different ground based hardware.
The T-mobile service will only work for slow low bandwidth text message transmission, and possibly eventually phone calls, literally turning the satellite into a cell tower in space as far as the phone knows.
Starlink broadband internet service on the other hand is a high bandwidth that provides faster internet service than most cable internet today, and works everywhere in the world (when the laser links are fully rolled out anyway.)
If you consider that must of the cruise lines and airlines working on using Starlink for data connections as a "niche" service, that's on you lol
Already it's what people across every country are clamoring to get if they live in the country, or half a mile past the end of the cable company internet cable that wants $30k to extend broadband to the house.
And as they expand converge to places like Africa and Australia and South America, where internet infrastructure is not built out to most of the country, they will become the primary or only provider of internet access to great swaths of the world.
I know lots of people up in Canada for instance that are snapping up Starlink because all they had before was slow access, or Direct TV type internet access which is nearly useless, and now they can have stable and high speed access for about the same price.
But the Starlink service is totally different from what T-mobile is talking about, because it requires a large antenna and receiver on the ground, and uses completely different frequencies than cell phones, so the T-mobile deal doesn't give SpaceX more or less access to customers, because the orbital cell tower will be accessed through the cell phone carrier, while the internet service will be through SpaceX directly.
So anyway, do your research if you want to sound like you know what you are talking about!
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I got to say that you guys make an amazing team and couple. What you are doing is incredibly stressful, figuring out how to make high quality videos, both learning together, and without getting angry at each other, and between the two of you, and lots of love and patience, you are doing great!
It's fun to laugh at Kurtis when he messes up or gets hurt, but it really speaks to his character that he can laugh with it too, because I know it's frustrating.
I have been doing some instructional videos on some giant ancient hit and miss industrial engines, and most of my takes sound like Carl's outtakes, and I survive by imagining giggling lol
(I don't have a "Karen", so I haven't had time to edit and post most of the videos yet... Lol)
Thank you two for working together to make this work, and give us a little glimpse at what Partnership looks like, and for working so hard to achieve Brilliance.
I hope that 2021 has lots of success on first takes and less outtakes material!
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@stevenhargreaves9897 you are correct that electrons take all available paths, which is why the ground and neutral circuits are only allowed to be bonded at a single point, otherwise the ground wire would have varying potential along its length since it would be a parallel current path.
So yes, a fault circuit that includes contact with the earth as well as the ground wire will return some current through the earth, and so the statement in the video is inaccurate.
In practice it doesn't make much difference, because even with a salt water soak, the impedence of the soil will be so much higher than a copper wire that negligible current will flow, but it may be enough current to stop a heart, so that's why we use GFIs etc.
So yes, that should be worded differently, but it's relatively minor in the scheme of things.
The main purpose for the ground wire is to get a high enough fault current to trip the breaker, because through the earth is basically never enough current to trip a breaker and stop a fault.
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While it is true that hemp and bamboo grow in height faster than trees, they require much more care, better conditions, and it is harder to get the volume that you get from tree farms.
Tree farms can cover thousands of acres of wilderness, requiring no care beyond the initial seedling plantings, and thrive in areas where you can't grow bamboo or hemp.
Pretty much any hemp grown is directly displacing some food product that was being grown there, and requires the same kind of machinery and irrigation and tending as other crops, for much less yield per acre.
And yes, trees take 20 years between harvests, but when you are running thousands or millions of acres, rotating through, you always have some ready to harvest, and when you harvest a section of timber, you get many times more fiber than anything else, including bamboo, because bamboo is hollow, while trees are solid.
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Basically you are melting a round puddle of metal surrounding the arc (the tip of the wire in this case), and then the filler metal (from the melting wire in mig) fills in the hole created to build up the weld.
So on an unprepared (sharp edges, no bevels) inside corner like this doing a fillett weld, if you cut a cross section you would see that it melted into the flat plate, and also melted into the bottom edge of the bar.
So on the flat plate it would be like a groove was gouged out, partly extending below the edge of the bar, and it will be like the lower corner of the bar is melted off giving it a beveled edge.
But thanks to Kurtis's skillz, he guides the molten metal (partly from the plate and bar, partly from the melting wire) into the weld pool and refills them so they are slightly over filled.
Since the arc heats and melts a relatively circular area, you can picture each arc diameter as a seperate operation, so it's melting into the plate, melting into the bar, and melting back into the last spot welded, and then filling that puddle up and mixing them all together.
Then it moves forward to the next location and repeats the process.
This leaves each layer of weld on an angle since it's bridging from the flat base metal up to the top of the bead of filler metal.
A really good bead, especially with TIG is often referred to as "stacking dimes" because that's what it looks like.
With a machine like this and the technique Kurtis uses it's going to be more of an elongated weld pool, and he's very smooth, so it looks more like a bead of perfection than a stack of dimes, but if you break it down to a single weld pool at a time it's easier to visualize what's going on.
And I was trying to paint a word picture, rather than get technical on the details, so no hate mail lol
As to your question, no, there is no wicking under the bar like with solder, the weld is entirely in the area that was actually melted and fused right on the side.
And unlike if it was a bead of glue or caulk which would just sit on the surface, there is the melting into the parent metal, which is called Penetration.
It's possible to lay a weld bead that only sits on the top of the metal, but it is likely to fall off lol (see their recent video on redoing a line boring job where the last guy got no Penetration and it just sat on the surface, because it wasn't hot enough to melt into the base metal and fuse with it.)
You have to melt down into both pieces that you are welding to get them to fuse, and the more Penetration you get, the larger the cross section of the fused metal and the stronger it is.
And if you need a REALLY strong weld, then you bevel it.
You know how when he welds the cylinder eyes on, he will leave a wide gap between the eye and the rod, and then fill it up completely with the welder?
That is so that the entire thickness of the rod, other than the little center dowel or whatever, is completely fused between the rod and the eye.
If he's welding thicker steel you will see him bevel the edges back and then start welding down in the "root" and then fill the v bevel up to the top.
This fuses the entire thickness.
Solder or brazing melts at a lower temperature than the base metal, and so you can heat the base metal up hot enough to melt the solder, and then it can wick into the gap and then cool and harden.
If the molten metal is the same, then if it tries to flow into a crack, it will instantly chill and solidify because the base metal is much cooler. And if you try to get the base metal hot enough to make it work, you will just melt the base metal and destroy the whole thing.
Now, I realize that you could have watched a video on the welding process in the time it took me to write this, but I had fun and hopefully it makes sense to you!
And if you are interested, look up "welding penetration" or "welding cross section" on Google or YouTube and you will be able to see PICTURES!
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Joe Chang , once you get out of the atmosphere, you use mass ejection to reach the desired speed, and then you coast.
Since it is a vacuum, there is nothing to slow you down, so you can travel as far as you want.
That's why the space station can keep orbiting at 17,000 mph, because there is nothing to slow it down.
You are correct that in the atmosphere things are limited by air resistance and need constant fuel consumption just to keep moving, but even things like icbm missiles work by getting out of the atmosphere, orbiting around to the right location, and then reentering the atmosphere.
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By Apple's vertical integration, do you mean them not manufacturing a single part, and having various Chinese and other Asian manufacturers built parts for them to be assembled by Foxconn? Lol
Displays by Samsung and LG, processors by Samsung and TSMC, OK, I guess the glass is made in the US, and possibly some of the radio chips, but most of it is manufactured overseas, and none by Apple.
Yes, they design their own chips sometimes, and then have someone else make it.
So not sure what you mean by their vertical integration..
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You are wrong about most of your main points, and gang nail plates don't make ANYTHING "possible", they just make it a little cheaper and weaker.
There are countless other products and methods and techniques for building trusses, nearly all of which are stronger and last longer with fewer failures, the truss plate is just the lowest possible strength and cost way to do it, and should NOT be glorified like this.
If it had not been approved, we would still have trusses, they would just use nails or screws or bolts through the side plates, like any heavier duty and better built truss or joint would use.
Making it sound like the truss plate is this pivotal invention that makes the modern world possible means that either you are just trying to find a unique click bait hook to make a video with along the lines of an actual expert like Practical Engineering etc, or that you phoned in your research and didn't actually understand the subject very well.
The real revolution was learning how to design trusses for residential buildings in a way that didn't require teams of engineers hand calculating loads on drafting boards with slide rules, and making it possible to design trusses rapidly and cheaply so they could be used for lower cost buildings.
Getting the computer involved was really the key, so they could just plug in the design, and it would tell them the loads and what sizes of materials they needed.
The other big factor that you missed as you tried to focus everything on the truss plate is the development of truss joists and I-joists, which is what actually makes the open multi-floor plans possible, because you can span much further than with a plain wood beam with no support below.
Also, the shade given to overlapped boards and toe nails was inaccurate and unfair, because the through-nailed overlap is one of the strongest joints you can make, much stronger than the gang nail plate, and any carpenter who can use a speed square can easily make that joint.
And toe nails are actually STRONGER than the gang nail plate when done properly, because they go all the way through the wood, vs the gang nail plate just being stuck in the side, where it will come loose as the wood dries, and is especially bad in a fire where just some surface char will cause complete structural failure, even if the board itself is still unburned in the core.
So anyway, the only benefit of the gang nail plate is a minor cost reduction in the manufacture of trusses, at the cost of strength and longevity and safety, and the actual catalyst of the changes that you are talking about was the development of the ability to rapidly engineer truss design at a cost that made them an affordable option for residential construction.
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In North America, we use the split phase system, where our consumer equipment and lighting and standard household voltage is all 110 volts, except for certain high power devices like stoves and ovens and dryers and such that use 220 volts.
Much of the rest of the world uses 220 volts as the standard household voltage, and so you don't need the center tap neutral to get the 110 volts.
So the transformer would look the same, except it only has 2 wires coming out, and one of them will be bonded to the ground, so you have a neutral (grounded conductor), and a 220 volt hot.
So if you look at your two hot wires, one should measure 220 volts to ground, and the other will measure 0 volts to ground.
But being a/c, it doesn't matter which way you connect most things, so it may be treated like 2 hots.
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@David-vn2id seems that you haven't been listening.
The cloth face coverings that everyone is wearing now aren't supposed to protect you from breathing the virus, they are to reduce how much virus a sick person spreads.
When you breathe, droplets can go several feet, and droplets will mostly be stopped by the a bandana or simple cloth mask.
So they are to reduce the spread of the virus, not to protect the wearer, but to protect others.
And if everyone wears them, most of virus spread will stop, because the spit bombs won't fly away.
And they made it clear why they recommended at the beginning against buying masks, and that was because if everyone was buying up all the n95 masks, they would not be able to get what they needed for the actual medical staff working in rooms full of coughing sick people.
If mask availability had not been an issue, they would have asked everyone at the beginning, but with a lock down they achieved something very similar.
Also, they didn't lie, because at the beginning they were saying that wearing a mask won't protect you from breathing the virus, unless it's an n95 respirator, and that's still true.
But now we are being asked to wear masks not to protect ourselves, but to protect everyone else.
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@ADOENDRA the US doesn't use the Imperial System.
Long ago, as in hundreds of years ago, we forked off from the Imperial System, and added some units, changed some units, and removed a bunch of units, and developed the US Customary system, which got refined over the decades by tradesmen and engineers into what we have today.
At the same time, the Imperial system was also changing and being updated, but seperatly.
It was only a few years ago that the length of the Inch/foot was standardized between USC and Imperial, because they had been a few thousandths different, and so they brought each one slightly to the middle to make life easier.
But many things like the Ton and the gallon/pint are different, because they pinned them to a different standard than we did.
But we don't use Imperial, any more than the UK uses USC, we just share some units.
Meanwhile, the metric world can't let go of Celsius, and so has two different temperature scales, with Celsius not being very logical, and you also continue using illogical time keeping methods, when switching to decimal time would make MUCH more sense than the US changing what units we use, since what we use works perfectly well for us, and is just as accurate as metric units.
It's kind of like telling us that we need to make the national language Chinese.
Just because there are more Chinese speakers than American English speakers doesn't mean that we should have to change!
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@Hallahanify with some loads, they just unhitch from the trailer and go into the truck stop.
The larger loads can only travel at night usually, and so it's not uncommon to drop it in a safe spot, and bobtail to the motel, and get fuel along the way.
Also, heavy haul trucks often have giant fuel tanks, and so may be able to make the trip on one tank. They need the extra weight to give them traction anyway.
Otherwise, they will just have a support truck with a transfer tank in the back, and when they stop at night they top it up.
If they had a Megacharger network built, it would be possible to drop the trailer and go charge, but unlike the diesel trucks, they can't just put bigger tanks on and be able to go coast to coast on a tank, so yes, range is quite limited in comparison.
Of course, if SpaceX was going to be hauling from Hawthorne to Texas and then to Florida with the Semi, they could install Megachargers at appropriate distances along that route, large enough to pull into and charge. It could be part of the eventual buildout of the network, and be an example to potential customers of the capability.
But diesel certainly is easier to deal with in heavy haul! Lol
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I started, well, most of the types of work I do, climbing around on some 637 Scrapers helping rebuild them as a teenager, cracked necks, transmission rebuilds, pin job, line boring, etc, and in later years operating them, so I feel at home here!
Slick method for that repair, maybe you can send a go pro with the next set and get the guy to record it. Lol
And yes, there is a LOT more room in that one than a 637!
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I remember my dad talking about seeing the Echo satellite go overhead. He went on to program for and operate a couple of the early tube and transistor computers including the ERMA at BofA in LA, basically the original Online Banking, and what made the magnetic ink on checks a thing so it could read them automatically.
One fun story he told was that the computer developed a glitch, some circuit was going out and it would lock some board on the back end of the computer up, and the operator would have to get up from the control console and walk all the way around the racks, open a panel and flip a momentary reset toggle switch.
The GE technicians had looked at it and just gave the instructions to keep flipping the switch as needed, and didn't seem to be in a hurry to repair it, so late one night when my dad was working alone processing checks, the thing kept locking up, and he would have to walk around to the other side of the racks and flip the switch, then walk back to the console and hit Continue, and it was wasting a lot of time, so he grabbed a roll of string from the secretary's desk, tied one end on the reset switch, through a vent slot in the cover panel, and then ran it over the top of the racks and tied it to the console, so every time it froze up he could just pull the string and hit the restart button and lose very little processing time.
The next morning the manager gets into work and yells at him for the string dangling over the room, and my dad tells him how many minutes of processing time it saved that night by not having to walk back every time, and the manager simmered down.
Then the manager went and called GE, and very soon the tech came over a little red around the ears and replaced the faulty board!
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@neurofiedyamato8763 except it's not arbitrary exactly.
The Metre was defined back in the 1700s as 1 ten millionth of the distance from north pole to the Equator.
A metal bar was then made to represent this length, and it was the Standard of Length that was then used to measure the speed of light, so basically they found that light took a certain amount of time to travel from one end of the metal bar to the other.
Then when they found that the metal bar was constantly changing length, and the ability to measure the speed of light and define time became more and more accurate, they decided to use the last official comparison between the speed of light to that metal bar, and from now on, simply use the distance light travels in a certain time (based on tests with that metal bar) as the new Standard.
So it's not random or circular, you just have to remember that the speed of light is defined by the time it takes to travel the length of a particular piece of metal, and then they decided to reverse that and just use this derived time as the new standard, but it's still based on the measurements made with that metal bar.
On the other hand, I suppose it was random to make it 1 ten millionth of that particular distance lol
I wish that the meter was a little shorter, it would make it much more useful for things like carpentry.
That's the main reason I prefer USC to metric for carpentry, it's a lot easier working with inches and feet, because they fit the ranges I work with much better.
M is too long, and mm is too short and cm is so close to mm it's not that helpful.
If inches were 10 instead of 12 it would be perfect lol
But I often just use inches for normal lengths, and math works fine then.
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@m00str No, there is only one Inch out there.
What you don't seem to realize is that before this standardization nearly 100 years ago now, each country had their own length standard, basically a piece of metal in a lab to calibrate everything else off of, and they constantly change length.
So for really precision work, there was no constant standard anyway.
Now they use the speed of light to define length, so it doesn't change anymore, and everyone uses the same standard.
So if you had a precision device from back then, it would not be accurate today, even if it was metric, because the metric Prototype was constantly changing length as well! Lol
And by now, anything that needs that sort of precision has already been depricated or recalibrated.
If I am using a ruler, the difference between the old inches is going to be less than the width of the markings on the ruler.
And buying a brand new ruler from China is probably going to be even further off! Lol
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@sunside79334 , lightweight linear position sensor hydraulic cylinders are a very common off-the-shelf product, as are the linear sensor components for inclusion in a custom cylinder design.
It is one of the most preferred means to measure position, because it is completely protected from external interference or damage, unlike rotary shaft encoders or external scales.
Since this is being controlled by a computer, all you have to do is tell the computer what angle of grid fin equals what cylinder position.
If you did a rotary encoder on the shaft, you have to find space for it, add complexity to the shaft, either a disk mounted to the shaft, gears to operate a parallel axis rotary encoder, or try to fit 4 of them in the center between the end bearings and the shafts and the stage seperation cylinder, protect it from damage (it would need to be a high precision encoder, which means very tiny slits which are susceptible to debris clogging them leading to an incorrect reading), and adding additional components to the system.
Then you would have to put that data into the computer, which would have to count pulses and then calculate rotary position.
The linear approach prevents calibration errors or position error, because instead of counting clicks, it can tell what part of the sensor the piston is at.
No, having it built in to an existing component that very possibly is an off the shelf part, where it is protected from space and heat and debris is a very smart thing.
Also, if they wanted pressure sensors, they would need to have 2, one for each end of the cylinder since it is a double acting cylinder.
These would probably be mounted flanking the valve if they needed them, but they aren't dealing with high forces here, so they don't really need pressure sensing.
As for the plumbing, it is really simple.
On the lower left side, 2 metal lines come from the hydraulic pump. One is Pressure and one is Return. (the smaller one is Pressure)
They connect to 2 square manifold loops, a larger and a smaller, and then there are 4 sets of red hydraulic hoses coming off the 4 sides of the manifolds to the valves, which are mounted on the cylinders.
The reason for the square loop manifolds took me a second to figure out, but it is to smooth hydraulic flow and prevent pressure drops.
Each valve and cylinder is separately controlled, and as they cycle, the hydraulic flow needs vary widely, but since they tend to move in opposed pairs, with one extending while the other retracts, and it takes a lot more fluid to extend a cylinder then to retract it, by allowing fluid to go either direction around the loop, it allows fluid to bypass lower flow cylinders to get to the higher flow cylinders.
If it only went 3/4 of the way around, then the cylinder on the far end would be starved if 2 cylinders before it were in high flow demands.
So by adding a few inches of pipe and closing the loop, they were able to reduce the size of the manifold pipe, and avoid pressure drop issues. I call that genius!
There is no need to try to hydraulically synchronize cylinder pairs, because that is done through positive position feedback through the computer, and since it is flying the rocket with the fins, it does not always want them synchronized.
If they were hydraulically synchronized, you would see lines going directly between the cylinders.
So, I am also quite impressed with this design, because it is simple, and uses standard parts and systems that are well understood and reliable, except maybe for the hydraulic pump, which is probably some special helium driven gas over hydraulic unit, which always have problems lol
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@firesculpturevideo a servo hydraulic valve is a specific part. It is designed so that the valve can be opened part way, rather than the normal valves that are either all the way open or all the way shut.
It is normally only used on larger valves, but it is used when the continuous speed of operation of a cylinder or motor is needed, rather than just position.
So to position grid fins, you don't need smooth gentle variable speed motion, you can pulse the valve to get the fin to the needed position, and so the valve just needs to be on or off.
If you are dealing with a larger device with a lot of inertia, then you might need a servo valve, so you can command it to 20 percent to start the load moving, then to 50 percent, then to 80 percent, and finally fully open, etc.
The servo in the name refers to the valve operating mechanism being something other than on or off.
I have worked with these types of valves using either direct magnetic core designs, or rotary motors operating the valve.
Now maybe in some fields some people refer to position controlled hydraulics as "servos" because it reminds them of electric servos from airplanes or radio controllers, but that isn't the normal name for having motion controlled hydraulics, because other than occasionally using a servo valve, it isn't really the same thing as a servo.
Oh, and the reason servo hydraulic valves are not very common is because they generate lots of heat, and heat kills hydraulics.
Normally if you need to control the speed of a cylinder, you use some form of pressure control or variable output pump, etc.
Anything that uses friction to control flow is like using the brakes to control the speed on your car, instead of taking your foot off the gas. Not a good idea, unless it is only occasionally needed lol
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@maa1649 the giant difference is that Tesla only had a few chargers in Europe, and not a large fleet, so they could update the chargers and give dongles to a few customers.
In the US you have thousands of chargers and hundreds of thousands of cars, all on the Tesla connector.
It would create a revolt for all the current US Tesla owners to have to use an adapter to charge at the Tesla Supercharger network.
It also doesn't cause an actual issue for the nation, since the cars can use an adapter to charge at CCS sites, and only Tesla cars are allowed to use the private Supercharger network, so it's really a moot point.
Now, if Tesla wanted to open Superchargers up to other brands, they could just sell the adapter to them, and maybe start adding a CCS connector to new SC builds, but I don't think you will ever see the Tesla connector go away, because they would basically have to replace all the car ports for free to avoid customer lawsuits.
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@Sakotyr it's not illegal to collect rainwater, but someone else likely owns the Rights to the water, so it's not yours to collect.
Water rights are just like mineral rights or oil rights, and are often sold separately from the property itself, and so unless you also own the water rights, the water isn't yours.
It's the same as drilling for oil or mining gold if someone else has those Rights.
In the early days out west, it was the ranchers and farmers that literary fought over water rights, until finally they divided everything up.
So if I had a little cabin with a big spring behind it, and the rancher down the hill needed water for his herd, I might say that I needed whatever water would flow through a 2 inch pipe, and I would sell the rest of the water to him.
If that was Deeded back in the 1800s, it would still be legal today.
In discussions of water rights you will often hear mention of Elder Rights. Those are the original water rights before water agencies were formed, and it's how a lot of farmers get their water, especially out in the desert.
But the farmers and ranchers were very water greedy, and so they started going around and buying up the Surface Water Rights from all the landowners in a valley or watershed, thus giving them exclusive rights to all the water in the streams.
Then as towns began forming, the towns would create water agencies who would buy up more water rights, from landowners, and also from ranchers and farmers.
Come to modern days, and very few parcels have the deed to the surface water, not because anyone has taken anything or because the government has taken control, but rather because some previous owner sold off the water rights for a pretty penny.
So while it may not seem fair to not be able to do whatever you want with the surface water on your own property, take it up with the person who sold that right to the highest bidder.
It's possible to repurchase those rights, but water is valuable and so few do become of how much it costs.
But just remember that owning property consists of many layers, and they can be sold separately and then you are bound by what the deed says when you buy the property..
And if you think of it from the perspective of someone who has spent a lot of money to buy the water rights, if you are taking rainwater and preventing it from flowing down into their reservoir to supply the city with water, it's no different from their perspective as if you pumped it out of their lake.
It is still taking water that they own and rely on.
And yes, maybe owning water is wrong, but that's how cities get a reliable water supply, by owning the rights to enough watershed to supply their needs, and if everyone could take whatever fell on their property, the towns would no longer get any water.
It would be nice if they allowed a 55 gallon drum full, but again, they paid for the rights for that water too.
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@rabidsamfan I agree with you on several points, but let's be honest, water rights is the least of the bad things still being done to the indigineous peoples, and if the root of them being treated like children who have to be controlled was changed, the water rights issues would be worked out as well, since the treaties would have included the right to use the water on their land.
It is true that some water rights have been taken by without consent or compensation, but that's in the minority.
Generally the land was bought up, and then resold without the water rights, or they were purchased directly.
It may be true that allowing water and mineral rights to be handled separate from the property may not be "fair", but modern society would not be able to function otherwise, because that's what farmers rely on to feed the world, and what cities rely on to supply water reliably.
So if you are unable to collect rainwater from your roof, but you can turn a faucet and get water from the very water agency that is telling you not to collect rainwater, you have nothing to complain about, unless you would rather rely completely on the rainwater and not have the safe and reliable water at your tap.
It's also not "fair" that the government can claim imminent domain to private property to build freeways and roads, but without that ability society could not exist.
And again, it's your choice whether to buy a piece of land with water rights or not, so if you build your house on land that does not have the water rights anymore, that's totally on you, and you can't blame it on anyone else.
Just like if you bought land with a conservation easement on it, and then complained that you couldn't build on it.
It's all in the Deed, and different types of Deeds have different uses available for the land.
It's a lot like zoning in a city. Different types allow you to do different things with the land, and so you buy what you need for what you want to do with it.
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@michaeleddington5125 SpaceX has OCCASIONAL helium leaks, as does every space vehicle at some point, but they are rare, and rapidly corrected, while Starliner has a long history of helium leaks, but while SpaceX figures out how to improve the design and reduce leaks, it seems that with Starliner they just try to tighten it down and hope it stops, when it seems to have a design flaw leading to constant and serious helium leaks.
And with how many times it's already flown, been prepped for flight, torn apart and tested, one would THINK that they would have gotten a handle on the leaks by now.
And granted, helium is EXTREMELY hard to contain, but NASA and SpaceX and even ULA seem to be much better at it than Starliner.
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You left out what is pretty much the industry standard for professional metalworkers and welders, the main wheel that welding supply shops and such carry, which is the Walter Zip cut.
You probably won't find it at your home improvement stores like the others, because it is the professional blade, but it's worth going to a supplier to get!
The cut off wheels are available as thin as 3/64 inch, and cut beautifully.
Now, if I am hacking some metal that's torch cut or rusty etc where it's going to tear up the wheel faster, I have a pack of harbor freight wheels that I don't mind burning through, but if I am cutting something thick, or I need a smooth cut, then I use the Zip cut.
I would be interested to see how they compare to the others in an updated video.
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@reinerjung1613 the business model of using multiple operators for things that technology allows us to streamline and automated, is deciding not to adopt modern technology.
If we can fully automate precision factories, putting big dumb concrete slabs in should be simple.
We have the technology, just no one has implemented it in large TBM, mainly because it's a niche market, and the sub contractors can set their own prices.
In this case, Boring is the Prime Contractor and operator, and so reducing the tunneling costs is the key to their business model, where it would reduce profits for the incumbents.
As far as the ability to continue cutting while the rings are being installed, it would be pretty easy to design a system that either locks into the inner surface of previous rings, or where the new ring section is assembled slightly seperated from the previous one, and when it's done the push mechanism moves forward, grabs it, and shoves it back into position as cutting resumes.
In softer materials, you might even be able to put one section of ring in at a time, using the other jack legs for cutting pressure, and just work your way around the circle one segment at a time never losing pressure.
Granted, on the giant cutters in hard rock, these may not work because you need so much more pressure, but that's not the scenario here.
And even if you had to stop the machine, having automated systems to place the segments would be much faster than the current systems, allowing the cutting to proceed much faster.
As for material removed, the processing systems should all be sized to handle a steady flow of material at the peak cutting rate. So stopping cutting shouldn't give anyone a chance to catch up, because they should never fall behind!
Whether the spoils are removed by train or conveyor, it will be planned to keep up with the cutter, and the only thing that might allow stockpiling would be if it was hauled off by dump trucks, and then the continuous production is handled by increasing the number of dump trucks in rotation.
As for the logic and benefits of this type of system, it makes a lot of sense when you consider that all vehicles in the tunnel will be under automated control, not relying on human control.
In this small system, it is basically just creating more travel space so that you can drive between buildings without taking away exhibit or pedestrian space, and avoiding very congested surface streets. So you either have to go under or go over, and going over was even more expensive.
In a larger system, such as if it is expanded out into Las Vegas, or put in a big city, you would have larger pods or cars more like a tram or something, so higher capacity and quick loading and unloading.
Then, the entire system would be monitored, each car tracked, and it would be designed much like a freeway with on and off ramps for stops.
Being fully automated, it would be able to keep any pod in the main line moving at full speed, and when one was entering from a station, it would neatly merge into the flow.
So you could carry as many people, at maximum speed, as you could get pods in the tunnel nose to tail.
With current mass transit systems, every vehicle has to stop at nearly every stop, but with a smaller pod, and using a smart system where you check in via an app or kiosk, the system can tell riders what pod to get into, and group trips.
So if it's in a city, and a lot of people go to the airport, then you can have a pod just for the airport, and you use technology to get people to that pod, which zips past all the other stations straight to the airport.
During rush hour, once the system learns rider flow, it could have Gate 1 to the airport, Gate 2 to the west side of town, gate 3 to a particular subdivision, gate 4 to a high rise apartment building, and so forth.
And if it used an app to ride, it could plan ahead when it saw the riders who always go to a certain destination start arriving at the station, and alert them that a trip their way was leaving in a few minutes.
And for the people who were going to less common destinations, they would get directed to a pod based on their general direction, so that it could take the most efficient route.
And the people going to out of the way destinations might be left on a pod through a high volume trip, and then be taken to the far spot on the return trip to maximize volume.
By not being confined to rails, and with the rider's destinations able to be planned for so that they could be grouped together, and changeable displays on each pod to make it easy to tell a rider (use Blue POD Gamma arriving shortly at Gate 3) which one to get on, and using a mainline and feeder architecture, you can keep all the pods moving at full speed with no interference, keep your volumes up, and add more pods as volumes grow.
Your bottlenecks would be human based as people moved through the stations and got on and off the pods, but since that would only delay that particular pod, it would have less impact on the entire system.
And if you had a station that was a major bottleneck, you put a new tunnel and station a block over and relieve the congestion.
And if you start exceeding the mainline capacity, you bore another tunnel next to, or below it, and since any pod can take any route, the system can seamlessly load share.
Another option is to put a mainline down through the middle of the business district, with a side tunnel running down under each side of the street, and each skyscraper could have their own station, so you can take the elevator from the Penthouse offices straight to the private executive platform, and, for an additional fee of course, have your luxury Limo Pod waiting for you to take you to wherever you wanted to go, with priority routing.
And then have another elevator for all the employees.
Same with big apartment buildings. You put a station for each building, and then you can put your parking garage off site and sell more apartments instead.
The granularity that small pods in an automated system brings leads to much greater efficiency and capabilities as compared to any other system.
As far as emergency access, ventilation, etc, those are all greatly reduced in a system like this, because it's all electric, so no exhaust fumes to remove (which is most of the ventilation needs in a regular tunnel), it's all automated, so accidents will be rare, and if there's a breakdown, you can send the recovery vehicle backwards at full speed to the location, and clear it rapidly.
In case of fire, you can put a filtration system on the pods, and have them seal the air intakes in the case of smoke in the tunnel. And you will get quite a bit of time with just the air contained in the vehicle safe from smoke. And it's easy to put an oxygen monitor and an oxygen bottle in, either just to keep the levels high, or with airline style masks that drop if the levels drop too far before the smoke is cleared or you can get to a station. (and make the stations positive pressure so that smoke is kept clear in them)
And since it's all automated, unlike a human tunnel, you can just tell all pods to back up and leave the effected section of tunnel.
It's not a perfect solution to everything, but in many ways it's much better and more flexible than a subway or bus system, since any issues or delays effects a much larger number of people, and slows the entire system.
Here, if you have a pod break down, you reroute traffic around it, possibly even reversing direction on the other side of the loop etc, until it's cleared.
It's so much more fluid than humans lol
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@thedeadpoolwhochuckles.6852 if you think about the number of high precision certified scales in use in every manufacturing facility, factory, packing plant, laboratory, truck stop, lumber mill, store, Cannabis shop, pharmacy, etc etc etc, you would realize that a scale technician is most certainly a thing, because someone has to install and repair and calibrate all of them! Lol
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@Canadian_Gamer I agree with you that EVs don't make sense WHERE YOU LIVE, because the infrastructure isn't there yet.
But in most of the US they do make sense because you can drive nearly anywhere with no concerns (if you have a Tesla anyway lol).
If you have a house where you can charge overnight, especially if you have solar, than it is really good.
And a lot of people are switching to Tesla because they actually save money. A lot of people have long commutes, and since the average Tesla price is pretty similar to the average ICE car price, if you can charge at low rates at home, the cost savings in fuel and oil changes etc can add up enough to be saving considerable money every year, even when gas ISN'T 6 bucks a gallon.
So your comments are accurate for remote Canada until Tesla covers it, and it's accurate for a Model S Plaid, but not for a Model Y or 3, if you have a lot of commuting and can charge at home.
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4:44 - Run. Do not walk, RUN AWAY!
I am a rigger, and that cable makes me weak in the knees... Death waiting to happen.
In regards to hanging guys below helicopter, when a cable snaps, it can recoil UP and take out the helicopter too.
The only safe way to deal with this is to set charges where the cable stays from the top of the towers attach to the outer ring of ground anchors, and sever all the cables at once so that the weight of the truss pulls the now unsupported towers inwards.
This keeps people as far from the danger zone as possible (unless one of the cable stays snaps at the top of the tower and recoils back to the ground anchor).
Basically getting closer than the length of the cables is dangerous.
The only safe way I can see to salvage it is to get someone like Mammoet (just the best heavy move company in the world) to come in with either an unlimited budget, or donating their services, and set up giant crane towers around the outer perimeter, and then snake giant cables across underneath the truss, and then winch them up to cradle under the truss, removing the weight from the existing cables without having to get any workers underneath it.
Once it was supported in the cable basket, then you could start replacing the cables.
But this dish is in the middle of the jungle, and getting the massive amount of giant equipment up there would probably require building new roads, new ports, and take months getting billions of dollars of specialized equipment, designed, fabricated, shipped from across the world, and hauled up into the jungle.
Building a new one is probably cheaper....
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@pilotavery the original issue was that the EXACT SAME NOS was no longer available, so I am saying that they select a different NOS hardened core that's in abundant supply, and use modern technology wrapped around it to make it work the same way, such as what SpaceX is doing.
Basically instead of having to have a wide range of hardened chips for various purposes, you use one as an error checker and then use redundant modern circuits for the rest.
And if they run out of the NOS, have the guy from the Applied Science channel build some chips with giant transistors on it that would totally drown any potential bit flips! Should take him a couple of months if he gets good Patroen support lol
In addition, I am sure that it is possible to achieve the same result without using any NOS, with redundancy alone, maybe using dissimilar chips between 3 nodes, because the chances of multiple chips having the same bit flipped is so low as to be an acceptable risk.
So if you have 3 units and each has a flipped bit, you can still identify what bits got flipped with the assumption that the same bits aren't going to be flipped on different chips.
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@pilotavery I meant making a custom silicon chip with large enough transistors to drown out cosmic ray interference, not discrete transistors.
And when there is a need for something, volume doesn't matter, it can get done anyway.
Look at everything SpaceX does. High cost, with a volume of a few per year (Starlink not included).
If Elon decided that they needed a radiation hardened chip they would buy some chip fab and modify a machine to make the chips.
Remember that it takes higher and higher technology to shrink the resolution on a wafer, but you can put larger things on a wafer with the same machine, just like you can paint a wall with an artist's brush, you don't have to use a roller.
So if someone decides that it's a necessity, it can be done, and if someone like SpaceX does it, it can be quick and cheap.
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@robertadsett5273 basically I hear you focusing on all the reasons why it's an impossible project, and why they need to start from scratch and do a totally new design, but nearly every one of the issues you bring up, they will have to solve in a new design as well.
And if they can solve it for the new suit, they can apply the same concept to retrofitting the old suits.
This is why SpaceX is so far ahead, because if you posed those problems to Elon, he would tell you to solve them and find better ways to think about it, and have a prototype next week to start testing on!
Yes, I know that IC Fab is about more than just mask size, so I would start calling field experts and Fabs and asking if any of the existing machines are able to also do thicker layers to make larger transistors, or there is some clever workaround to increase the "mass" of the transistor to make it less sensitive to strikes.
So far it doesn't sound like anyone has attempted to apply themselves to this issue, so assuming that the ONLY WAY is to build chips like they used to be built is ensuring that no new discoveries will be made that might turn out to be supper simple solutions.
But, since SX IS working on the cosmic ray tolerant systems already, I suspect that they will solve it though a combination of redundancy and programming, and maybe some form of physically hardened chip, and then we can see what they did and how well it worked!
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The nose section is sheet metal welded onto a square tubing welded steel wire frame using construction that looks a lot like your basic square tubing commercial stairway handrail.
Depending on how far the open end collapsed, they may be able to just use some jacks and chain pullers to pull it back into shape, or they might have to cut out some bent sections of square tube and weld new pieces in.
If some of the sheet metal got kinked or torn, they might have to slap some new sheet on, but that's a simple process.
Basically, while an annoyance, it should not take long or effect things that much, because of how simple this design is.
Score another point for this construction style! Lol
Oh, and I suspect that the failure may have been the bottom of the frame itself failing at the attachment to the hold down brackets, since it is such light construction, but I am pretty sure they will add guy wires to it next time lol
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I am subscribed to very few channels, and have notifications turned on for only a couple, and so my feed (always android phone) is pretty much entirely algorithm driven, and it does a very good job (most of the time lol) in showing me videos I will watch.
And as far as educational content, that's most of what it shows me, because that's most of what I watch.
So in my vast sample size, the algorithm doesn't have a problem showing educational content, it just doesn't brother showing it to people who mainly binge on pewtypie and gossip channels.
I watched the black balls video not because of, or truth be told in spite of the clickbaity title, but because I drive past it frequently, and I have read about it in the past.
YouTube has been trying to shove this video down my eyeballs repeatedly since, and it has probably shown up on my home list 5 or 6 times, and more than that in the below a video list, and it didn't really sound interesting, or more accurately, it sounded like a clickbait video with some interesting content (which it turned out to be lol)
I was bored and there wasn't anything else on, and decided to watch it as much to make YouTube quit suggesting it as anything!
Oh, and most of the channels that I subscribe to, and most of videos that I Like, I do so because I feel the creator deserves help and support, not because I want to be notified.
Oh, and because the algorithm is so tailored to what I watch, if I want to watch a pewtypie video or something else from the mindless stew of YouTube, I turn on incognito mode, because I don't want the algorithm thinking that I want more lol
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While you all think that this looks extremely complicated and impossible to understand or design, the funny thing about relay logic is that it's really simple, and most of you could figure out how to make a device that would do this if given a pile of relays and such. (or a virtual environment like ladder logic for a PLC.)
The difference is, it would look ugly and take up a whole room! Lol
The brilliance that these guys showed isn't really designing a machine to do all that, it's in making it so beautiful and compact and refined, all packed into such a nice layout with a minimum of components.
You are probably looking at this as the big picture, and it's unimaginable to design it, but if you break down each function needed to the basic level, it's pretty easy to design a system to do it, and then you just start stacking layers and adding interconnections.
There are a few bits that are more advanced, but mainly because it includes the mechanical design, but most of this is as simple as the latching relay in the first video, just layered up.
But, the way they layered it and massaged it into a work of art is delicious!
Almost as amazing as this video series, layered with humor tightly integrated into technology and videography, with a subtle garnish of sarcasm drawing it all together.
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There are a lot of cnc channels on YouTube, millennials teaching the basics, narcissists teaching how great they are, guys with cat 50 tapers up their.... Chip conveyers..., funny guys, guys who have panic attacks at the thought of keeping a scrap pile around, etc (bonus points for the people who know who each of those descriptions fit lol), but the only guy I know of who has the level of wisdom that I think you would want to learn is Edge Precision.
He works on specialty stuff, iconel, titanium, etc, jobs where the Blank costs $20k because it's some special forged titanium alloy or something, so he's only got one shot to get it perfect.
One difference between CNC and manual is that you have to be able to plan ahead and know what your material is going to do, rather than just making a pass and checking it, and that's something he goes into depth on, how to predict and compensate for all the factors.
He's slow paced, but he walks through what he's doing and why, goes into detail on g codes and planning out tool paths, and does a lot of manual work with the cnc machines as well, or running short programs to get a particular step done, rather than start it up and it spits a complete part out.
I suspect that his use style will be closer to yours than someone focused on a job shop environment where it's all about shaving cycle times and fixturing multiple parts at once, and he spends a lot of time on the manual aspects, interfacing via the control panel rather than just via CAM software.
But he also does quite a bit with the cam side on some jobs, especially dealing with verifying programs before you run them, partly because his main machine is a giant Mazack and so any crashes would be very expensive, and he's often working with very expensive or long lead time blanks where a tiny error will destroy it, so he's very good at verifying the programs.
It will take you much longer to watch his videos than to read my comment... Lol, but if you are wanting to be as good at the cnc as you are with manual machines I think he will be at your level,
His projects are usually pretty fascinating too, wierd oil industry and aerospace gadgets with holes and ports everywhere.
He also makes a lot of custom tooling.
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@RogerGarrett the technology needed is already under development by many companies and government funded projects, but just because it's under development doesn't mean it's close to being a possibility.
Plus, Congress won't be interested in finding space programs if they don't involve getting people there. That's just part of the politics involved here.
SLS was funded not because it was a good idea, but because that's what Congress told NASA to build, to keep the money flowing to all their corporate donors in all 50 states.
That's why Congress hates SpaceX, and keeps trying to undermine the commercial partnerships and fixed price contracts, because the big government contractors don't like it.
So, if the technology were proven, it probably would not get funded anyway, because politicians only care about humans in space, not robots, and so that's where the money is
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This is not a good way to approach it, because often aftermarket chargers don't work properly with a new phone with higher power requirements, plus many people don't have the proper USB C charger setups yet, and so get the phone home and have no way to charge it.
In addition, people have the expectation that a new phone will include the factory charger and cable, and so will be dissatisfied with Apple for cheaping out on a fractional cost, making them drive back to the Apple store and buy a charger in order to be able to use their phone.
You live in a house and office overflowing with chargers, so you think everyone does, but a lot of people throw away any extra devices, or they lose them or the dog chews on them, or they only upgrade periodically, and only have lower power Micro USB chargers, and so to the rest of us, this looks like Apple is just being stingy and cheap.
Now, if they stopped pre packaging it, but offered it as a free bonus for the people who needed one, they could save the money and waste on the people who don't, but not seem stingy for the people who need it, and just have a bucket of them wrapped in paper to hand to the people who needed them.
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I disagree with one thing here, and that's the comments on the Tesla oil cooler. By pumping and cooling the oil, they cool the gears and bearings, not just the motor, and and can pressure lubricate the bearings as well, allowing better control and reliable oil flow, rather than relying on splash lubrication and gravity like this does.
It probably also reduces windage, so the gears don't have to throw as much oil around, reducing heating as well as the power loss.
I do appreciate the VW design, especially how the power and cooling lines are integrated, unlike the Ford that probably uses 12 hoses lol.
The cooling method is good, but it looks like it's primarily for the motor, not the gears and oil, but they are not as high performance as Tesla so it's probably all right for them.
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As an industrial automation troubleshooting and repair tech, and an empath, I was laughing at your story, because humor is how I deal with such terrible stories!
My job is generally figuring out how the previous years worth of idiots and wankers have messed the machine up and taken short cuts on repairs, or shown a complete lack of comprehension on how the machine functions, or when the residential electricians who are friends with the boss get called in to repair something like that...
So I share your mostly unspoken feelings towards the previous people, and I feel strong approval for the ethics and skills of the guy you got to fix it!
It sounds like he is like me, and actually enjoys solving problems and making things right again, rather than just doing the minimum possible, or less...
I am sorry that it took so much more than it should have, but I am also glad that you persevered and have a lathe that would make even Early Abom blush! Lol
I look forward to seeing it working, and I am curious what the runout on the chuck is.
I was also thinking how nice a cnc lathe would be for those feet... Smirk
Oh, and someone should get Karen a teleprompter to go with her new camera ;)
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@ivanfenis1221 yes. If a fence around a substation for instance is not well grounded, a live high voltage wire could fall onto it and energize the fence. And then when the utility worker arrives at the substation to find out why people are without power, they get electrocuted when they touch the gate.
On the other hand, if the fence and all metal items in the substation are grounded in what's known as Eqipotential Bonding and Grounding, then if the live wire falls on the fence, it is a dead short to ground and either burns through the wire, or trips the breakers.
It happens sometimes that power lines will fall down on top of a wire fence on wooden posts going across a farm and start a fire, and a firefighter will get electrocuted miles away if they touch that fence before the utility gets there to shut the power off.
In a home situation, it's not the "ground rod" that makes the breaker trip, but rather the Grounded Conductor being bonded to the neutral to provide a low impedance path back to the Source. The ground rod is there in that situation to bleed off static charges and to reference the system 0 volts to ground, but it's that zero volts to ground reference that's important!
If you had a bad ground rod connection, you could theoretically have the water pipes at 110 volts in reference to the earth from a short circuit, without tripping a breaker.
If you were in the house you might be able to touch the pipes fine, but when you are standing on the dirt and go to turn the hose off, you could get a shock.
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They have to be linked, code just defines where they are to be linked.
Some places it is at the pole, in the US it is normally at the Main Panel, for a Mobile Home, it is usually at the Meter, and you are not allowed to connect them anywhere else, because then you get current flowing on the Grounding wire, instead of only on the neutral/Grounded Conductor/white wire.
The Grounding wire is also connected to a ground rod, but that is for a separate purpose.
The Grounding system serves as lightning and static protection, keeping all the metal surfaces at ground potential, and helping with electrical interference etc. It does this all the time, not just under fault conditions.
Under fault conditions where a hot wire is shorted to a grounded enclosure, it carries the current back to the neutral/Grounded side of the power supply, ensuring that enough current flows to the trip the breaker.
Little known fact.
Under most circumstances, if you connect a hot wire to a grounding rod with no other wires coming off of it, you will not trip the breaker.
The earth is too high impedence to allow enough current to flow to trip a breaker.
It only trips when connected back to the grounded side of the generator that produced the power, or in this case, the grounded side of the transformer.
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@Capthrax1 if you hook a hot 120 volt wire up to a ground rod, you will get about 4.8 amps of current to flow.
If you hook that same wire up to the neutral wire, you will get 4,000 or 5,000 amps to flow.
You get very high impedance through a ground rod, and very low impedance through a large copper wire.
The source of the current in the house is the transformer on the pole, and so in order for current to flow, it has to return to the transformer (all current requires a closed loop circuit), and the big wire is the only way for it to flow.
Yes, if there is a ground rod at the transformer, and a ground rod bonded at the panel, you will get a little leakage current through, but even if the neutral wire is cut, you can't get more than 5 amps through that path.
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@Cancer McAids wow, you just made my brain hurt, in a good way!
It took me a few minutes to process what you said, but you are so true, we think if 10 to be this perfect round number, because that's what we are used to, but if you think about it, 10 could equal Twelve, if you had 2 additional named digits in there, and the math would be just the same.
(Zero, One, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, Nine, Gorp, Epsiloff, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 1§, 1€, 20...)
Like I said, I it made my brain hurt! Lol
So I guess that the 10 base system is very childish, as in its based on the number of fingers that we have.
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@takix2007 you are falling into the old metric argument of making up measurements to show how stupid they are lol
We don't use 1/5th of an inch!
If I was cutting a 2x4 to fit a space that was say, 80 1/5", chances are I would only need 1/4 inch tolerances, and so would go to 1/4 inch.
If I was cutting trim, I might go to 3/16, but 1/16 is about as accurate as you can get cutting wood normally.
If I was doing something like super fancy cabinet work I could go to 7/32, but that's getting into fine sandpaper to get that close.
If I was making something small, a cripple under a bathroom window header or something, where I wanted it a tight fit and it was a short piece, I personally would probably measure it to 7/32, just to get it close, and also be extra careful actually doing the cut.
That's one of the great things for carpentry about USC, is that you can choose how small you want your units to be on the fly, depending on the precision you need.
And if you are good, you measure once and cut once.
Measuring twice is only if you are unsure of your skill, or need to take multiple measurements in different places to check for things being out of alignment.
And in metric countries, the plans are generally in MM. Thousands of MM.
For instance, a sheet of plywood is sold as 1220x2440mm, etc.
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@takix2007 plans usually are in inches and fractions.
Though for long distances they may choose to call it out in feet and inches, but then inches are your smallest unit, and you aren't dealing with fractions.
And no, if your tolerance is half an inch, you call out the nearest half inch or higher line. (it could be a full inch)
If your tolerance is 1/16 of an inch, you call out the nearest 1/16 or higher line (which could be 1/16, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, or a whole inch.)
If you were looking at a USC tape it would make sense, because each smaller fraction uses a smaller line, and so it's basically about how far you drill down when you are reading the tape.
So if I am throwing studs in, I don't look down at anything smaller than 1/4 inch, unless it needs more accuracy, and then I can look at smaller lines, but I can easily switch how close I get.
With a metric tape, you have cm, and then mm, so you have to count mm, or estimate the count, and I just find that harder to do.
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@takix2007 I agree that once you are used to a system, you don't really want to, or need to, change, anymore than changing the language that you speak. And I often use language as an analogy when comparing USC and metric.
However, just like some languages are easier to express some things in, so to, some things are easier done with USC (which was specifically put together with the trades in mind, and how they naturally used units), and some things are easier to do in Metric, which was specifically designed for scientific and theoretical uses.
And in each case, it was created by the users for their purposes.
USC was done by groups made up of the different manufacturers and such, and USC by scientists.
How much carpentry have you done personally?
You may think in theory that it's the same, but I have done it both ways, and USC is easier.
And I do use metric when it makes sense, and while my first language is USC, I do appreciate where metric is better.
Just like I know some Hebrew and Greek and Latin for use in theology and botany.
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@takix2007 if I lived in a metric country, obviously I would need to use their system lol
And if I use a system for a while, it would become natural for me, and I would find ways to make it easier, and I totally don't expect you to understand the work flow when you are in a different environment where it's not really an option for you anyway.
When I am working off of blueprints, I need to use the system they use, but when I have been doing personal projects, I have tried doing it in metric to see the benefits (since the math is easier basically), and while there are some benefits, I missed the shortcuts and better sized units that inches and fractions come with.
If there were a unit somewhere between CM and Metre, it would make things a little easier, but that's why everyone just uses mm generally.
One thing that I really appreciate about USC (United States Customary, which shares some units, but is different from Imperial in several ways) is that we have options about what units to use for the work we are doing.
For instance, carpentry is normally in feet and inches, but grading and earthworks usually use feet and tenths of a foot.
Since when you are setting grades you are having to do lots of math, and you don't need accuracy less than an inch, tenths just make it fit the needs.
And if I am doing metal working, I will probably be using either decimal inches or thousandths, depending on what the tolerances are.
Wood by nature is imprecise, so using a more flexible fractions system matches the job.
And yes, it is more complicated to learn multiple units and systems, but when a system is tailored to a specific task, if you are doing that task frequently, it saves you time in the long run.
And metric is just less flexible in that regard.
You have to apply the same set of units to everything.
It's kind of like the difference between English, and a native language.
In English, we take words from whatever language has a useful word, and add it to English, sometimes modifying it to work best for us.
In other languages, sometimes things are a lot more clumsy to express, because you are confined to that language.
USC was specifically designed using the logical units, as needed by various users, refined from the old units, and modified as needed.
Metric was designed by white lab coats, and then everyone has to figure out how to fit their needs to the old system, because it's perfect, therefore you can't change anything to make it more versatile lol
But, since you are in a metric country, you really don't have any choice, so it's just theory to you, although, since lumber generally is still based on US standard sizes, I suppose that you could do carpentry the same way I do, once you got it home from the lumber yard lol
And I know that in some metric countries, the carpenters use a mix of USC and metric, depending on what works easiest for a particular situation.
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@TechnologyConnections the key is the difference in Curie temperature between the magnet and magnetic alloy.
So, the Curie Point is 215 Degrees F or whatever for the alloy in the button, but just a random Google search showed me a site saying that their cheap ferrite magnets could be used safely up to 480 degrees F, and in some cases even higher.
So, it sounds like the magnetic alloy button has an especially low Curie temperature, and so even if the magnet itself got to the same temperature, it would not even be close to its Curie temperature.
In addition, there would be a tendency for the magnet to stay cooler due to poor heat transfer dynamics, and when the button reaches the temperature, the magnet pulls away and starts cooling down, so probably never reaches higher than 212, if that.
But the magnet being much higher Curie is the key factor.
Oh, and you could probably do great doing infomercials, you sounded just like it at the beginning of the video! Lol
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@spruce_goose5169 of course the distribution neutral is in phase with the house drop neutral! They are both referenced to the Earth, so there is no potential between them.
You seem to think that because one transformer is only wound with a single coil going "up" from the neutral, and another transformer has a coil going out from each side of the Neutral, that somehow that makes the Neutral different, but it's still referenced to the Earth, which means that it's the mirror image 110v coils that are moving, not the neutral.
As long as you stay within normal operation ranges, there is no isolation across the transformer, because any voltage changes, frequency changes, etc, created by the generator will directly show up at the house, just transformed to a different balance of voltage and current.
And yes, the Source always stays as the original generator, because that's where the energy, the Force is coming from, and so when Styropyro turns on a death ray, the generator slows down, because no matter how many transformers there are in between, the energy flow is coming from, and returning to, the generator, and if you stick a hot wire into the dirt at your house, some of those electrons are going to flow directly back to the power plant.
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@spruce_goose5169 you may not understand this, but in order for current to flow, there has to be two conductors to make a complete circuit, so your idea that Current can flow between separate generators or grids that are only connected by one conductor (the Earth) is pretty funny.
That said, if a wire is connected between grounded remote systems, you will have a potential between them, or if they are in sync in frequency and voltage they will just both work to share the load.
But in a system with a high voltage wire connecting the systems, with the generator grounded and each substation transformer grounded, as well as the neutral wire a few times per mile, a ground fault anywhere on that system (sourced from that grid) will return to every ground point on the grid, though if there is a nice big fat copper wire as one option most of the current will flow on it, but the other paths still exist.
And while the transformers may have some isolation properties, the inductive coupling is strong enough to move the current, and the secondary sides are Earthed, thus eliminating any isolation the transformer may have provided, again making the second circuit path through the earth.
My purpose of mentioning the SWER systems is to show that the earth is a very valid conductor, and can conduct actual usable current.
What most people don't understand is that the Earth is actually effectively a perfect conductor, zero resistance, due to its massive size and nearly infinite current paths, each taking a tiny bit the current, so the only resistance in the circuit is the contact resistance at the ground electrodes, and so if you put in enough ground electrodes, grids, plates, networks, etc, especially if you are using salt pits, charcoal, or the other water retention ground conduction improving compounds, you can get very low contact resistance, and actually get lower resistance through the ground than through a wire.
Now a couple of ground rods at your house are going to have a high enough contact resistance that will prevent much current from flowing, but the Utility grid will have almost perfect grounds as a result of having so many ground points, and engineered grids etc at substations, power plants, etc.
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@ArniVidar I said that most outlets in the US (in newer houses anyway) are on 20 amp CIRCUITS.
In other words on a 20 amp breaker with minimum 12 gauge wire to the outlet.
The wall outlets themselves are generally 15 amp style outlets, but you can upgrade the outlet itself to a 15/20 amp combo outlet and still be legal, since the circuit is a 20 amp circuit.
We can't even use 14 gauge romex over here anymore, 12 is the minimum.
It is true that 1500 watts is the most common maximum current for small household appliances, but it's easy to find 1800 watt heaters (which you can use on a 15 amp outlet if that's the only load).
They usually go with 1500 watts, because that's generally plenty of power, and because it's common for outlets to have other loads on them, and if you pushed right to the maximum, you would have more tripped breakers and issues.
Also, a lot of our older houses still have 14 gauge wire and 15 amp circuits, and you don't want to load them with the maximum on older installations.
But generally on a newer house you can get 20 amps from the wall outlet LEGALLY, by only swapping the outlet itself out and not putting anything else on that circuit.
New single family residential homes in the US, at least in many states, are required to have a Minimum of a 200 amp service and main breaker.
Older homes generally have at least a 100 amp service and breaker, with the oldest tiny houses with the original actual fuse box still installed might be 60 amp, or really old ones down to 40 amp fuses.
A standard electric dryer or stove for us runs on a 30 amp circuit and outlet, while a big electric stove and oven may have a 50 amp outlet. 50 amp outlets are also often used to plug in a "caravan" or rv.
So most laundry rooms or garages in the US will have a large 30 amp 110/220 volt outlet to run a dryer as standard equipment, unless it's designed to only use a gas dryer.
I suspect that the difference is that we label things at 110, and you label them at 220, so they would be 15 amp and 25 amp circuits to you at 220 volts.
I believe that you only have a single wire that goes through your main breaker for instance, so a 50 amp main breaker for you is the same amount of watts as a 100 amp 2 pole breaker for us, since we use split phase with each leg of 110 getting its own breaker, though the handles are tied together so they trip together.
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@DC2022 what you and Scott are missing is that the "minor software issue" is actually a serious ground up design problem that needs to be completely redesigned with different assumptions and criteria.
They designed the system in a way where a single point of failure would cause the capsule to blindly do things regardless of any other inputs.
It was simply responding to a fixed sequence based on the clock, and that means that we won't find out what else has zero fault tolerance or error checking, until it's actually put to use.
I do industrial automation, so I am familiar with making large machines perform actions automatically, and you always want to verify your inputs and have some form of error checking or redundancy.
For instance, the easiest one. If the clock says 11, before you do the step for 11, you verify that the previous steps have been completed.
Or, before changing the orientation of the craft, you check the star trackers and GPS and verify where you are supposed to be with where you actually are.
You can also compare SECO/deployment with the clock time and verify that they match the schedule.
But, just like with MCAS, it is a system with lots of power, and no way to verify or error check what it's doing, so one input is all it needs to jump off the bridge blindly.
And you can say that it could be overridden by the crew and everything would be fine, but since they obviously failed in basic design and ground testing, designing a system that could fail so confidently, and not testing it adequately to discover this problem, but that is not a valid assumption, because the rest of the system is designed and tested by the same team, and so it would be surprising if this blind and Fail Dangerous system didn't have other similar flaws and bad assumptions and improperly tested aspects, that could have terrible consequences without a review as detailed as the MCAS is receiving.
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@DC2022 yes, SpaceX discovered an unexpected design flaw in a check valve, allowing a small back flow leak.
So they replaced the check valve with a burst disc, and were ready to fly again.
Simple fix, minor change.
The only downside is that it requires replacement of the disk after every test, instead of just refilling with the check valve.
In future iterations, it suspect they will put in a different sort of check valve, or an additional electric positive shutoff valve to allow ground testing, but the burst disc is all that's needed for abort situations.
The software issue on Starliner on the other hand needs a full review and testing regime, and then a rewrite, before it's safe.
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@keith6371 you don't understand the difference between Tesla designing and building a new motor design in their new Shanghai drive train plant, and Tesla buying motors from some Chinese company.
They may be using a local supplier for parts of it, but they already use various suppliers for various parts they don't make themselves, but the motor is most certainly designed and built by Tesla, which is why their motors are always the best in the industry.
The LFP chemistry batteries they are using in the base models are cheaper because they don't use cobalt, but they don't have as much capacity so aren't good in longer range vehicles.
And yes obviously they try to use local suppliers for better logistics and prices, so most of the batteries they use at Shanghai Giga are made in China or Japan, but a lot of the batteries used at Fremont come from Japan anyway.
So there is nothing that China is doing better than Tesla, and any improvements that we see in China first is just because that's where they rolled it out first, but everything is still Tesla engineered, which is through Fremont.
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@keith6371 I guess Tesla did start a design center in Shanghai, so maybe they worked with the engineers in Fremont to design a cheaper motor to go with the cheaper LFP cells, I didn't see Tesla say that but I don't read everything in detail.
But in regards to your other statements, yes, Tesla DOES have the most efficient and cutting edge motor designs, that's one of the ways they are leading the industry, because they design their own motors, with help from the SpaceX engineers and technology.
In fact the latest motor, fur the Plaid, is using never before seen carbon fiber overwrapped armatures, using SpaceX technology, to enable the high speeds without it blowing up.
And if you doubt they have better motor designs, go watch some of the Sandy Monroe videos where he tears the motors down and compares the Tesla motors to the ones from other EV brands, and see all the special features they have built in to make them better.
In regards to Autopilot, it's the only Pure Vision ADAS system on the market, surpasses the capabilities of any of the competitors, and just keeps getting better.
Panasonic makes all the batteries used in the Fremont factory, and while it's Panasonic making cells, they use the chemistry developed by Tesla, so even the cells have higher performance then what's available to other companies.
I don't know if they are using the Tesla chemistry in any of the Chinese made batteries, but I would assume they are, other than for the LFP in the base model.
And Tesla designs their own battery packaging and control systems, so patent count doesn't matter because Tesla has the best ones.
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@keith6371 we aren't talking about what off the shelf motor Tesla may have used in the past, or what might be possible if another company decides to make the investment in the future, we are talking about the technology that Tesla currently has in their cars today.
Yes, lots of people know the principles, but only Tesla has been laser focused on applying them to the EV application to get the best performance and range, even when it requires special metallurgy or complex construction methods such as a carbon fiber wrapped armature, that most would not be able to do because starting up new divisions in the company with expertise in those areas would be too expensive, but Elon already has them available, as SpaceX does a lot of carbon fiber and custom metallurgy, so it's easy to bring them together.
Show me one other EV that has the range per kw that Tesla does, or the power that Tesla does.
No one has motors comparable to the current Tesla motors.
And yes, others can start work developing better motors and might be able to match Tesla, but Tesla is constantly working on improving and finding new break throughs, and so everyone else just keeps playing catch up.
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@keith6371 efficiency isn't as important to the consumer as it is to the manufacturer, because you can give a car however many miles range you want by putting a big enough battery in, but the more efficient you can make the car, the smaller the battery you can put in, which means a higher profit margin since the battery is the most expensive part.
And so far none of the other car companies are able to get near the range that Tesla can get from a battery, which means that their costs are going to be higher for a car with the same range.
So if Tesla is able to use a smaller battery, that means that they can either increase profits, or sell cheaper than the others in the same class.
With gas cars a little difference in efficiency isn't that important, because you can just put a bigger tank in and get good range, but it's the defining characteristic for an affordable and desirable EV.
And I am sure that there will be a lot of cheap EVs in China and other countries, lacking in comfort and safety features etc, but just as BMW is not really losing sales in China to the basic model Chinese cars Tesla is aiming for a higher market where people want luxury and safety features.
Even the eventual Model 2 will still have the full safety package, setting it above the cheap cars, and aiming at a different market.
So again, comparing Tesla to dissimilar vehicles in other markets is not very useful, anymore than you would compare an AMD graphics card to some unknown brand.
Tesla currently has the best technology in the industry, and that gives it a price and profit advantage, which is why Tesla is the most common EV in the world right now, and the other companies are just starting to actually sell EVs in any quantity.
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@keith6371 you have a problem with parsing words lol
I said BMW etc are not losing sales to the CHEAP Chinese cars, the base models.
For instance in the US, BMW doesn't really lose sales to Hyundai.
My point being that while cheap EVs are going to come out, they won't really be taking sales away from Tesla, because the people who have the money to afford a Tesla aren't going to want one of the cheap ones, and the people who buy the cheap ones won't be able to afford a Tesla.
And if you can save a few hundred dollars per vehicle by having greater efficiency, thus allowing a smaller battery, and you build a million cars that way, that starts to add up.
This is why Tesla is focused on maximum efficiency.
Also its additive.
If your efficiency is lower, you have to make the battery bigger, which adds weight, which reduces efficiency, and lowers your range.
So a small reduction in the battery size helps increase efficiency, and reduce cost, and it's through pushing the efficiency that you get the best balance of battery size and range, and the lowest cost.
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As a teenager I was so skinny that I didn't float in regular water, (don't argue, I used to lie on the bottom of the pool with full lungs while doggy paddling, for several minutes, anytime someone tried to tell me I could float, and then when I got bored, walk to the stairs and out lol... I no longer have this issue/ability after getting married and then divorced!)
So for someone like me, or right on the borderline of floating to begin with, 2 percent may push them over the edge.
Plus, as someone who has worked at a wastewater treatment plant, you may simply lose the will to live the moment you fall in the digestion tank! Lol
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@kingg213 reading you repeat yourself over and over blindly doesn't change the fact that Boeing offered a plane for sale that could fly anywhere in the world, and had all the necessary certifications for use just like any other plane.
Boeing failed in proper design and testing, and lost that certification worldwide.
The plane is a fraction of its original promised value if it then gets certified in the US, but not the rest of the world, because Boeing is selling it to the world market mostly.
So if Boeing sold a plane to Malaysia Air, and Malaysia Air is unable to fly the plane because it lost its certification, then Boeing is not able to deliver that plane until they get certification in Malaysia.
And if Boeing tries to force it, Malaysia Air can sue Boeing for breach of contract, and easily win, because the plane does not meet the original promise of being usable in Malaysia.
The difference that you are missing is that it used to be that if the FAA certified a plane, the rest of the world accepted the certification.
It's kind of like how some countries you can visit with just your passport, but other countries you have to apply for a Visa.
Previously the rest of the world accepted FAA certification without question, but Boeing and FAA messed up so badly that they lost that trust.
Going forward, each agency will want to do their own certification, or maybe they will band together into subgroups, but no more simply trusting the FAA.
And Boeing can do nothing about this, except continue working with each country's agency to win its approval, until it meets the worldwide certification originally promised.
And even US airlines have grounds for delay or cancelation if Boeing is unable to get international certification, because if people have the choice between flying on a carrier with planes they ESSA says aren't safe, or another carrier without those planes, a lot of people are going to choose the carrier without them, and so the carrier with them will lose money.
So Boeing basically has to do whatever it has to in order to win international certification, because anything else is breach of contract.
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@kingg213 I can tell that you were on the customer facing side of the aviation industry, because you are such a people person and have an amazing grasp of human psychology! /s
While I agree with you that a lot of people will not even think about it and fly whatever plane shows up at their gate, there are also a lot of people who WILL care, and it will cost the early return carriers business.
The big difference that you are missing between this and comet and DC 10 is the internet.
Back then, people were more likely to accept the official statements, which isn't so much anymore (see: antivax, flat earth, 9/11, etc).
Back then you had Walter Cronkite and a newspaper, and they would not have spent much time on the subject.
Now you have the news everywhere, and now when a pilot union leader tweets that Southwest is trying to pressure them into flying an airplane that they feel is unsafe, because EASA is not certifying it because of an issue with short circuiting wires, that's going to be plastered everywhere, and the investigative articles will explain how FAA is defending their original approval as following the normal procedures, and then it will go on to quote the FAA when they refused to ground the Max originally, saying how all the normal procedures were followed and it was safe, and FAA is going to not be trusted.
And then people are going to be watching the other Boeing sagas with Starliner and the military planes where they also are showing an inability to provide their own oversight, and the inability of the government agencies to provide proper oversight, and lots of people will get on Twitter and say how they aren't going to fly the Max and will be avoiding Southwest, and those tweets will get scrolled across the news, and Southwest will notice their numbers drop off, and demand compensation from Boeing because the lack international certification is hurting their business.
And while it is true that the pilots have limited ability to refuse to fly it, the pilots union, and flight attendants union have a LOT of social power, and unless Boeing and the airlines can satisfy them, including with international certification, even if they don't strike, if they continue making public statements that they feel that they are being forced to fly unsafe planes, the public behavior WILL be effected by it, putting more passengers on the carriers that aren't flying the Max.
And none of that happened back in the Comet days.
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I don't know about the rest of the US, but the Robertson is alive and well on the US West Coast, usually known as the Square Drive.
Most deck, drywall, and construction screws designed to be installed with impact drivers or screw guns are now either Square or Torx headed. And Torx is more expensive, so I think the square is more common.
And in the US electrical industry, screws in electrical boxes, and terminal screws, are often combo Philips and square drive, and a lot of electricians mainly use the square drive.
You are right that they were mainly used in Canada, but that's old information, because with the explosion of cordless impact drivers, there was a need for something that worked better than Philips or flat, because when you are driving a 4" long aggressive deck screw into dense wood with an impact driver, you really have to lean into it to keep a Philips from stripping out.
With the square, you just have to keep it kinda straight, and it just works.
#2 Square is small, so fits well in small head screws, where Torx is harder to fit.
Then when you get into construction lags and some of the newer "Engineered Fasteners" you start needing Torx just to handle the torque of running a 10 inch long lag into knots lol
But the head will be larger, so the Torx works perfectly.
But the square drive Robertson certainly has become ubiquitous and heavily used in construction these days thanks to impact drivers.
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Major error at 6:55.
You state that the center wire is Ground, which is simply wrong lol
Ground will be bare or green marked. Neutral is white marked.
Technically in official language it would be a GroundED Conductor, whereas the green or bare wire would be the GroundING Conductor.
And while both are connected to the earth ground rod, neither have any function requiring it under normal circumstances.
Earth ground is exclusively there to drain off static charge and lightning, and has nothing to do otherwise with the operation of the electrical system (thus why you can operate off a generator or inverter with no ground rod)
So that center wire is a bonded neutral, meaning that it's bonded to the Grounding Conductor, and having nothing to do with the ground rod, because you wire rvs, boats, planes, ships etc the same way, no ground rod needed.
Also, other than the mentioned static buildup or lightning, no current will ever flow to the ground rod.
As a matter of fact, the resistance of the ground rod is so high, that you could take a hot wire from a 15 or 20 amp breaker and attach it to the ground rod, and not enough current will flow to trip the breaker!
And while none of this may seem important, I think that you would agree that using the correct name for things is important, especially when trying to do an instructional video.
It's also important since many people think that current flows to the ground rod lol
Oh, and the purpose of bonding the neutral and ground wire is simply to give a path back to the power plant via the neutral for any current on the ground wire from a shirt circuit, allowing the breaker to trip.
If the ground wire was only connected to the ground rod, the breaker would never trip because almost no current would flow.
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"On today's episode of the Cutting Edge Zoo, the man who's name starts with K and ryhmes with Urtis TOTALLY fails at words, attracts more EXTREMELY noisy animals to SLIGHTLY anger him in future videos, and very nearly blows PARTS of a job out of the (Industrial) park!"
I love the BBQ burners to preheat, I am going to have to remember that.
And YOU didn't fail at that repair, that cast iron was already gone, it was just still in denial about its true condition.
Even if you had successfully repaired the current cracks, it would have just continued cracking once it was put back in service, whether because it had bad metallurgy/contamination, or something went wrong with the casting process giving it too much internal stress, but it was doomed, and any repairs are just going to increase the stress, and the metal wasn't strong enough to withstand it.
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If you connect 120 volts to a standard ground rod (with no other bonding wires connected) you will get less than 5 amps of current flow, so it won't trip the breaker or anything else, and will just sit there heating the ground up around the rod.
The earth is a pretty good conductor, once you get further away from the ground rod (exponential increase of current paths in each larger sphere expanding out from the ground rod) and so the further away from the ground rod that you are standing, the higher the voltage potential will be.
I think it was like 90 volts at 2 feet, or something like that.
So if you walk up to an energized ground rod, you will get enough current flow to your feet to kill you, even though the breaker won't trip.
Oh, and because each sphere has its own potential, as you took a step, the potential between one foot and the other would kill you.
That's why they say that if you find yourself near a downed power line or other high voltage in contact with the ground, to keep your feet pressed together and shuffle, otherwise you will step into 2 different spheres.
It's also how people are electrocuted in pools, because you get the same voltage gradient and potential difference across the different spheres in the water, and your body bridges between distant spheres, this high voltage potential.
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Do a test including rechargeable, and use the Ansmann 2850 cells, and compare them against the best of the alkaline!
I have been a tech director at a large church for many years, as well doing various special events, and experimented with everything from zinc carbon, to lithium, to all the alkaline brands, and after settling on Duracell alkaline for being the most predictable and reliable (having a microphone die in the middle of a speech from a presidential candidate is just not acceptable! And I have had problems with Energizer not being stable and reliable between batches, but never with Duracell. Which I used for that speech, so it went fine lol)
But then I read an article from an even more experienced tech director who had run the tests on rechargeables, which have never been reliable or long lasting enough for a live stage environment in high drain microphones, and he found the Ansmann, and had converted his entire battery stock to them.
I got a few and tested them myself for a few months, and then got enough for all my applications (I had 60 in their chargers at the end of every event), and after several years, I only had a couple fail, and they performed better than the Duracell, reliably, and cheaper in the long run.
There are 2 styles, regular and slim.
The regular are slightly larger than alkaline and so are a tight fit in certain devices, so I mostly used the slim, but most devices will fit either.
This is where I got the batteries and chargers from, and I have been happy with them, but you may be able to find them elsewhere as well.
I have no affiliation with anyone, just a very happy user!
https://horizonbattery.com/collections/aa-rechargeable-batteries-high-capacity/products/ansmann-aa-2850-mah-slimline-4pk
These are designed to be left on a charger/maintainer all the time, taken off to be used, and returned to the charger.
They don't hold the charge as long, because they are designed for maximum capacity.
They also have the Max E low discharge batteries which have like 30 times lower self discharge, but also lower capacity, but are great for remote controls toys, etc.
And remember that the faster you charge a battery, the faster it will fail because of the higher internal temperatures. So get a good trickle charger/maintainer, and only fast charge if you aren't able to have enough batteries to slow charge, maybe a photographer using them in flashes or something.
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Yes, lack of infrastructure is to blame for the low sales numbers of hydrogen cars...
Oh wait! No... People don't want to buy hydrogen cars for many reasons, so why build infrastructure that no one will use?!
Here's something they don't talk about. Performance. Hydrogen fuel cells don't give the kind of power that a battery does, so you have a car that drives like a Prius or a Geo Metro. And for the same price as a Tesla...
The other big downside of hydrogen is that unlike electric, you can't charge it at home while you sleep. Not everyone can, but a large percentage of Tesla owners charge at home or work, often getting free charging, or very cheap, especially if they have solar panels. And then they never have to go to a charger except for a long trip, which they hydrogen car can't even do because of the lack of infrastructure.
In addition you have all the wasted energy in producing, processing, compressing, transporting, storing and chilling hydrogen, and the fact that most hydrogen stations are not able to handle a high volume of customers, and with the good BEVs such as Tesla, you get similar range, for a similar price or much cheaper, you get incredible performance, the ability to charge at home on cheap power, and a giant network of chargers allowing you to go pretty much anywhere in the world, and constantly expanding, and pretty much the only downside is that it takes a few minutes longer to charge than to refill.
The choice isn't hard!
Oh, and by the time the hydrogen infrastructure is built out, battery technology will probably have taken another leap in power density, and the BEV range will outstrip the hydrogen range.
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I haul a lot of the giant paper rolls out of some of the Georgia Pacific paper mills, as well as some others on the west coast, and deliver it to several GP and Westrock and PCA box plants down throughout California, as well as hauling recycled cardboard bales to the mills, and delivering to Amazon Fulfillment centers, and I am a Prime member, so this video has a lot of familiar sights in it! Lol
Most of the boxes that I see being produced in California, and this is not surprising, are for food related products, produce, etc, but at least one of plants I regularly go to (westrock in the bay area) has a dedicated Amazon box line.
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One thing that you missed is that some thermostats, including some of the older programmable thermostats use a form of PID Tuning to reduce temperature overshoot.
Basically when heat is commanded by the time the air gets to the set point at the thermostat and the heat is commanded off, the heater is still producing heat, and that heat will still get pushed out into the room, causing overshoot as the temperature rises well above the set point.
This is especially true with electric baseboard heaters and such, where the heat gradient across the room to the thermostat can be steep.
So the PID thermostats monitor how far the temperature exceeds the set point, and on the next cycle they command the heater off at a slightly lower temperature, and see how close it is, and continue reducing the set point until the final temperature is the desired temperature.
This keeps a more even temperature, and saves energy by avoiding the spike.
It also can effect how fast a room heats, and like with a two stage system, actually makes it where turning the thermostat up higher than desired will heat the room up faster, because you keep pumping heat in, rather than just letting it settle gradually.
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The idea that it's the top 1% who care about stocks is no longer accurate. Thanks to e trading, zero commission trading, and sites and apps geared towards the retail investor, now lots of poor people like me are active in the stock market, to the point that we are diluting the big hedge funds power, and confusing analysts because we don't do things according to the normal rules lol (see Tesla as an example)
So right now, especially with a lot of people out of work, there is even more focus on stocks, because that's how some people are paying the bills now.
In addition, it effects all of our 401ks, insurance rates, mortgages, rents, and everything else.
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@MitchDC2 , the machines that you are describing are great at what they do, and I have seen some impressive ones at work, but they all require the warehouse to be built around them, and have limited flexibility.
This unit could be dropped into a standard warehouse and work the night shift building mixed orders, without redesigning the warehouse.
This would be perfect at say a beverage distribution warehouse for building the orders to ship out to stores.
You pair it with a robotic pallet jack that follows it around, and it can build pallets from a normal warehouse environment, ready to ship in the morning.
And that's the brilliance of this design, it can directly replace a human doing the same work.
It has downsides, but that's because it is designed to be flexible like a human.
And compared to a lot of humans that I have seen do this job, it's faster and more accurate lol
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You usually get things right, but you really screwed up on the facts this time.
The inch was standardized in the US back in the 1800s, and had nothing to do with barley corns, which had been a British thing long before (though it is still the basis for shoe sizes lol).
We developed the US Customary system of weights and measures, based on the English units, but we actually standardized things instead of using barley corns or body part sizes, and so they didn't all match anymore with the English units.
We basically created a system that worked well for an industrial nation, and was given units to serve the different needs of industry. For instance, machinists use thousandths, surveyors use tenths of a foot, carpenters use fractions, etc, because they work well for the unique requirements of each.
Later England made their own standard system, the Imperial System.
During ww2, it was discovered that because the US Customary inch and the Imperial inch were a few millionths different, they were having problems with shared technologies and equipment.
So in the 1950s they decided to meet in the middle and make the Inch standard around the world, and the Imperial inch lengthed by 1.7 millionths of an inch and the USC inch shortened by 2 millionths of an inch. They picked this point because it also eliminated all the extra decimal points from the metric conversion and brought it to exactly 25.4 mm, instead of 25.46372846 or whatever it had been lol
So to claim that the inch was first standardized in the 1950s and had been based on barley corns all through the history of the United States, 2 world wars, and us leading the world in industrial growth and development, is either a lie, or shows that you think that metric is so much better that the inch doesn't deserve any respect or accurate history. It is just the common YouTube comment level of factless scorn on another group or belief system, and has no scientific validity or even basic accuracy.
Yes, for science and theory, metric is a lot better, but for instance carpentry is a lot easier dealing with 8 foot boards rather than 2440mm boards. And when using a tape measure, it is a lot easier to glance at a fractions scale than count mm.
So basically, we developed a logical and perfectly functional standardized system long before anyone else did, and built the largest industrial nation on it, and now everyone else is saying that we are stupid for not spending trillions of dollars to convert from something that works perfectly well for us to what someone else uses.
That's like saying we should stop speaking English because most people speak Chinese.
And since we already use metric wherever it makes more sense, trying to say that we should stop using US Customary when it makes more sense is just ludicrous.
Oh, and to make clear, US Customary is not based on the Metric System!
The conversion factor has been locked in between Metric, US Customary, and Imperial, but they still retain their own units.
Just like the metric system retained it's units when it was redefined by the speed of light and Plank's Constant.
So please if you are going to cast shade on our system of measurement, at least use truthful facts. It doesn't destroy your credibility as an engineer that way.
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@beenaplumber8379 We The People also have the right to decide to spend their own money and go walk in space, and there is no scientific or national reason for tax payers to pay for this particular mission, and it's not costing the tax payers anything more than a satellite launch or driving down the road costs, because all the FAA people are already on salary, and there are probably licensing fees that have to be paid anyway.
So there is no reason to complain that they are doing anything wrong, or that NASA should be the one doing this.
Also, SpaceX and NASA share everything with each other, and NASA personal are embedded in SpaceX already, as part of the Knowledge Transfer agreements, so NASA is benefitting from this just as much as SpaceX.
But since it's a privately funded mission, the customer gets to decide what to share about it, and whether it's live streamed probably has more to do with technical limitations than anything.
So basically you sound like a kid who wants everything to be done your way, and are complaining that Jerod isn't sharing HIS toys with you.
It's also funny how you refer to the constitution, when freedom to enjoy his space flight in private is one of the things that makes this country great! Lol
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While you put this together in a way that makes it sound confusing and contradictory, in reality most of those sizes don't associate with each other, because they are in different regions or different fields.
For instance, there is no need to compare a shotgun size with a wire diameter or a railroad track width, and houses wired with 12 gauge wire in the US are not going to confuse British electricians.
And with wire gauges its the current carrying charts that actually matter and where it gets really confusing, because the same copper wire gets a different rating depending on the type of insulation on it, the ambient temperature,, inside conduit or in a wall cavity, etc etc.
Railroad gauge is an entirely different use of the word so it doesn't fit in the same sentence as wire gauge.
Since in many of those examples the gauge referred to some combination of figures, diameter and wall thickness etc, it doesn't matter if it's metric or not, because it's giving a bigger picture.
For instance, Standard Gauge railroad track is not just talking about the width, it includes the other dimensions of the tracks as well, camber and curve and slope and super elevation and a whole long list of specs that allow a train to run properly on the track.
And since most things listed by gauge, the users don't need to know the actual thickness or measurement, what it's based on is not really important.
For instance if you are an electrician in the US, everything is called out in Gauge, so you get a device rated for a certain size wire, and you look at a chart to see what diameter hole you need, or how many wires you can fit in a conduit, and the physical diameter of the wire is rarely needed.
And when it is, usually it's outer diameter of the insulation that's needed anyway, and if it's on thousandths of an inch or fractions of a mm, it doesn't really matter much.
So while interesting, this video makes the subject seem worse than it really is, which is normal for people who think they are smart, but have never actually worked in the fields they are talking about.
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You make a decent video on the subject, but please research the technical aspects a little bit more before acting like an expert while giving very bad information.
For instance, the Sabatier process takes water, and co2, and creates oxygen and methane.
That is the way they plan to get methane on Mars, because the methane in the atmosphere is too low a concentration to easily extract, but co2 is abundant, and water is accessible.
It's also how they plan to produce the Starship fuel on the earth, again using water and atmospheric co2 and electricity to produce methane and oxygen (the oxygen comes from the water and the co2, and the hydrogen from the water combines with the carbon from the co2 to form methane)
In addition, the crane by the well site was just being assembled there, and long ago was transported to the launch site where it is being used. It was never intended for use at the wells, they just needed a large open area to assemble it.
So long term, SpaceX won't be using natural gas, and the method where you get oxygen from water is called electrolysis, while the diagram you showed on the screen was producing methane and oxygen,.
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@abpsd73 that's basically what he said.
It keeps the Neutral Referenced to the earth, keeping a 0v potential between the Neutral, Ground, the earth, water pipes, etc.
If you don't reference the Neutral of a transformer to earth, you will still get 110/220v etc out of it, but any leg could end up being at earth potential, or it could be somewhere in between.
I have worked on systems where they forgot to Bond the Transformer neutral, and every night when a shorted out photocell controlled light switched on, Neutral would become 120v to ground, and the hot would be 0v to ground, because the lamp was doing the Bonding...
That was a fun one to diagnose! Lol
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@abpsd73 good detective work! Lol
My story was an industrial machine room that was fed with 3 phase and then had a floor transformer to provide the 110/220v panel supply, and I discovered it by melting the tip off a screwdriver that bridged a ground strip to a cabinet case one evening, but then when I tried to test it and figure out why the next day, everything appeared normal!
It took me a few days until I was in the room at dusk and heard the lighting contactor clunk that I made the connection and then discovered that I could make it flip when I turned the correct breaker off and on.
The site rep didn't believe me, didn't think it was possible, so I shut a breaker off, and clipped a jumper wire from the hot terminal directly to the ground buss, and said "watch this!" and flipped the breaker on while he screamed at me to stop!
Then after nothing happened, I used the tester to show him how the voltage was flipping, and he finally agreed to get the regular electrician to come in, and I guess he was embarrassed when he was told he hadn't bonded the transformer lol
(I was dealing with the industrial automation systems.)
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@Imammk I said that it's put through the nozzle, which it is.
It enters the combustion chamber, but then everything is put through the nozzle to produce thrust.
You are looking at it as a theoretical matter, of a certain amount of thrust being produced by the preburner, and a certain amount by the combustion chamber, rather than the practical definition of thrust, which is the action/reaction that pushes the rocket forward.
Energy is released in both the preburner and the combustion chamber from fuel burning, and that energy is used to create thrust, but the actual thrust is not produced anywhere other than in the actual combustion chamber and nozzle in each engine, as the expanding gasses accelerate backwards pushing against the nozzle and chamber.
So there are 4 sources of thrust, which get a tiny amount of energy from a shared source.
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Project Farm, you tested flow at one temperature extreme, but didn't test the flow or lubricity at operating temperature or above, which is where the engine spends most of its time.
Do any of them get very thin at high temperature? Do they have more wear at high temperature?
How do they compare to single viscosity oils?
(a multi viscosity oil is rated at 2 different temperatures, so 10w 30 should have the same viscosity as a 10 weight when tested at -10 or so (some test as low as -40 I believe) ,and the same as a 30 weight at 212F, which is considered normal operating temperature.
A good multi viscosity will match those numbers, and a bad one will be too thick when cold or too thin when hot, or sometimes do weird things from using low quality viscosity modifiers.
So if you want to test viscosity accuracy, add a single viscosity conventional oil control sample of whatever the W (Winter) rating is (straight 5w etc) in the freezer test, and then repeat the test at 212f using a straight 30 weight conventional oil as a comparison.
I would also do at least one demonstration test on the lubricity tester using a known good brand such as the Mobile 1, or the Rotella T6 when you do diesel oils, and do one test straight out of the freezer, one at room temperature, and one at or as close to 212f as you can safely get, and see if it wears differently.
Then repeat the 3 tests using a 5 weight oil.
(doing it with a 30 weight oil won't be very interesting, because room temperature and hot will be in its normal range, and cold is only a problem for pumping through small oil ports, and being thicker it will have higher lubricity in the tester. When 5 weight gets hot though, it thins out and the film fails and you get bad wear.)
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@mackenzieiscamping1293 are you so focused on the analysts that you aren't paying attention to what they are doing?
Yes, they haven't had a lot of profitability, mostly because they have never stopped reinvesting in growth and new things.
They just built a working factory in less than a year.
Just after they ramped a new model at much higher production rates than they had ever done before.
And now they are starting to build one in Germany, and getting ready to start one in Texas.
If they just stopped spending money on expansion right now, and just sold as many cars as they can make in Fremont and China, and as many grid scale batteries, and as many solar installations, they would be making consistent profit.
But that's not why the stock is so high, it's because the smart people know that Elon isn't going to stop improving and expanding until he is satisfied that the system is efficient.
And that expansion costs a lot of money.
And now they are starting to ramp the Y, and getting ready for the Cybertruck, and moving forward with the Semi, and working on new battery technology, and preparing to build their own batteries, and all that takes lots of money, which reduces profits.
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@mackenzieiscamping1293 It's not just about selling a certain number of cars, don't you get it.
Tesla is valued for its cutting edge solar solutions, for its cutting edge best in the world battery storage systems, and for its work towards autonomous driving technology, which is far ahead of anyone else, and, oh ya, it has a commanding lead in electric vehicles, and is years ahead of the competition.
When even the CEO of Volkswagen says that they think there is a chance that they might be able to catch Tesla, in other words that they are way behind and catching up isn't a given, and none of the other car companies have shown any signs that they are close to Tesla, and countries around the world are moving to force adoption of electric cars, looking to the future is very easy to do.
But if you think Tesla is just a car company and so should be valued on the number of cars sold, then of course you would not understand the valuation.
And you may say that self driving isn't going to happen, or that Tesla is way behind others, but the fact that they have so much data to train the AI with, so many cars on the road with the full sensor suite, as long as they hire AI experts as good as the competition, they will beat the competition, simply because they have more to work with.
And they may have some bumps in the road, but that doesn't mean that they aren't still way ahead of the game.
In addition, the market caps of the car makers is also based on what is expected from them, and none of them are doing really well at the moment.
They are all in turmoil trying to keep up with electrification, with changing consumer tastes, with changing environmental laws, with a changing political environment, plus lots of scandals and upheaval in leadership, and poor profit margins. So they aren't a very good looking stock right now, especially since everyone sees a major shift to electric cars coming, and no one else is ready for it, especially not compared to Tesla.
So a big part of Tesla'a valuation is in comparison to the problems at the other car companies, and their scandals and blind leadership.
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@mackenzieiscamping1293 Uhh, hello! That's what the stock market is, a giant casino!
Most stocks are valued based on people's guesstimates and assumptions, and when you look at the wide range of valuations by all the different analysts who are all looking at the same data, you can see this is true.
And its why many people who make these assumptions when a stock is low (Amazon, Google, Apple, etc) are now millionaires because their guesstimates were correct.
And I don't see the AI value being in the ride share app, that may be nice, but the real value is that when they get it figured out, they can then extend it to trucks, and that will be a multi billion dollar market right there, if fleets can reduce the need for as many drivers.
See, except for ride shares, most car traffic is because the driver personally wants to go somewhere, so the car being autonomous doesn't actually help the driver much.
With trucks, the driver doesn't need to be there, he's just delivering the load, so if he can be replaced, the load is much cheaper to deliver, because drivers are the second most expensive part of delivering a load, slightly behind costs. (which means that if you can drastically cut fuel costs with a battery truck, AND eliminate driver costs, you just got the attention of ALL the fleets!)
And the Tesla Semi is covering this, because it's going to be designed to be ready for autonomous driving with the sensors and computer, and so it will cut fuel costs, and then when the software is ready and regulations allow, the companies can pull drivers out and cut their costs in half or more.
Yes, Tesla solar has dropped in market share, partly because they pulled people off of it to ramp the Model 3, and partly because they were concentrating on getting the Solar Roof ready for market, and partly because in the ramp for Model 3, they were cell constrained because Panasonic was slow on their ramp, and so energy storage took a back seat on cell supply, and many solar installs include storage, so they had to wait.
Now that the Solar Roof is ramping up, and as they get cell supplies ramped up, solar and storage should start recovering.
Also, once they get Self driving ready, they can license it to others in other markets and turn it into a separate income stream.
Just like as they get more Gigafactories online and start cell production, they can start building skates for other manufacturers and add that income source.
So they have multiple directions they are able to grow, most of which are emerging markets that don't have much direct competition and haven't even begun to be tapped yet.
And if they gain primary market share in even one of those markets, they will be worth more than today when it matures.
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@mackenzieiscamping1293 Most people who pick stocks, as opposed to funds etc, are gambling.
It's all about trying to be smarter than the other guy.
Look at Shorts, they are betting on the price going down.
Some people go for dividends, but that's not very common.
But most people buy stocks because they think it's going to go higher, and whatever their reasons, it's not much different than gambling, because you never know, even if all the technical details look perfect, whether a natural disaster or CEO scandal is going to crash it.
So if you are thinking that stocks have logical reasons and it's not a guessing game in the end, trying to predict the future, than you have fooled yourself lol
And, no, I don't have any money in the game directly, because as much as I believe that the evidence points to Tesla doing amazing things, I can't predict the future, and there are a lot possible pitfalls that could crash it, and I am not a gambler.
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In your cost for nuclear fuel, were you just looking at the actual cost per pellet, or at the cost of refueling plus processing and storing the spent fuel?
Most of the cost of fueling a plant are in the shutdown and man hours to store the new fuel, open the reactor and replace the fuel, and then transport and store the spent fuel and waste.
With gas, the pipeline is part of the construction cost, and the gas just flows through it with minor maintenance costs, so just looking at the gas price works, but since refueling nuclear requires an extended period of time every few years where it's no longer making power, plus the costs of the refueling, that should be included in the cost of fuel, or as a separate cost of operation.
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@ZeusBullyMax only a very small percentage of fancy men would prefer a single blade razor.
The guys who have enough time to spend primping with bespoke shaving kits and special lotions.
Most men shave when half asleep and in a hurry, and if you will sell them something that quickly removes hair with a minimum of pain, that's what they want, whether multiple blades, electric, etc.
Yes, old style stuff may work beautifully, especially if you spend the time to prep your face, but it takes a lot more work keeping perfectly sharp edges, etc, and it really only works well if you have smooth skin.
If you have sensitive skin or a bumpy face, scars, zits, dimples, etc, you are not going to get along well with a single blade.
It's like the difference between driving an old stick shift car, and driving a Tesla.
Single blade shaving probably is attractive to the same kind of men as the Rivian pickup is aimed at.
Rj seems to be a Bespoke Shaving Kit sort of guy, and they probably have a storage compartment in the Rivian specifically for it!
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@Drezed01 so we have come full circle, from you saying that the Grounding conductor returns fault currents to the ground, to agreeing with me that it returns to the neutral and back to the transformer!
I have successfully helped someone else see the light lol
And yes, if the transformer has an Earth ground rod, there may be a tiny bit of current that goes that route, but it negligible.
Now, on to the current going back to the power plant...
All current flow has to be in a complete circuit, and so if current flows in the house (including via the Grounding conductor back to the neutral and then to the transformer), current has to flow on the primary side of the transformer as well, which comes from, and returns to, the power plant.
Think of the primary and secondary circuits like 2 meshed gears, with the transformer coils being the teeth. Anytime one turns, the other has to be turning.
So in order for current to flow in the house, current has to flow in the power plant, and so the ground fault current has to end up back at the power plant, or no current flows.
A transformer simply changes the form of the current, but the flow of current has to always be out of the generator, and completing an unbroken circuit with the load, and back to the generator.
Transformers in the circuit modify the flow, but that complete circuit between the power source and the load can't be broken, or you don't have a circuit, and you don't have any current.
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@Epic Black Man Umm, and how exactly can Epic create a monopoly? What do they hold control over. Fortnight?
You realize that there are thousands of other games out there people can play, so Epic can't create a monopoly unless they can shut down all the other games and game companies.
That's like saying that Pizza Hut is trying to create a monopoly by opening stores in every town, even though there are thousands of other stores that are unaffected by pizza hut.
But Apple is like a Gated Community that will only allow Pizza Hut to deliver to a homeowner in that community if pizza hut pays 30 percent of the price to the gate guard, and the homeowner isn't even allowed to go pick it up themselves, no pizza may enter unless it pays the gate guard.
Now pizza hut is suing the HOA over the fees, saying that the homeowner has the right to pizza without having to pay the gate guard for access to the home they own.
I don't like pizza hut very much, but if they want to spend their money to benefit all pizza places and all homeowners, I like their goal, even if I have no interest in Fortnight.
(though their other big product, Unreal Engine is the foundation of many games, and is used by Hollywood a lot as well in production, and Apple is now trying to block them from being able to provide that even to Mac os computers.
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@Simming Madness there's a difference between having a phone issued by work, and having to have an Apple device to access company systems that are Apple os based.
Like my last job, everyone used Apple, and so I needed an iPhone to be part of the team.
And in order to have a monopoly, you are right, you have to have exclusive control over the marketplace.
Which is EXACTLY what Apple has for the entire Apple ecosystem.
And you can also run afoul of monopoly laws when there is a duopoly as well, which is why Google is also being sued.
And if you ask anyone who is deeply invested in the Apple ecosystem, there is no other choice, because if you are using Apple computers and services, you have to have an iPhone, and they have the monopoly over that.
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The thing I don't hear you mention is the possibility that the Tesla door may be designed to use the module as part of the structure, and the screws are needed to carry the loads, rather than simply holding it in place.
Your idea of snap in modules makes them simply passive dead weight, when you could be using them as structure as well, thus making the door lighter.
Just like with the structural battery pack, more fasteners will be needed to transfer the load, where a regular battery pack could just set in place.
Also, I understand that you hate fasteners, but I hate clips and snaps because after a few years they start breaking off, and if you have to remove the part, there is a good chance that it will no longer go back on propely because some Munro Snap has broken, and so you have to either replace the whole piece, baling wire it in, or let it rattle.
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Being able to navigate even a single step between levels, or get over a pipe or hose across the floor, makes legs better than wheels, and basically lets it go anywhere a human would normally go.
Yes, most of the floors are smooth and level, but there are generally multiple levels of floors as well.
And the professional thermal cameras, lidar, audio sensors, etc, are too heavy to fit on a regular drone, and no one is going to have an autonomous drone flying around humans and sensitive machinery.
Imagine if it crashes into a vat and spoils a big batch of chemicals or food.
The other benefit to this design is that one design can be used on the factory floor or on broken terrain, so they get the discount of volume.
@Xrayhighs
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I see you bought the Nikola Checks title I mean Chevy sales talk lol
This is a prototype that doesn't even have a functional power train, and is using a new battery system that's yet to be used in a vehicle, and you are saying that it's closer to production than the cyber truck, which actually is running around on the street?
You have a LOT of faith in the company line lol
It's also interesting how similar this is how Trevor Milton allegedly did things, showing off prototypes when they didn't actually have key components, such as motors and drive axles like that this one, but making it sound like they were ready to go into production.
While they might actually have the motors almost ready, it's a little risky to be making big promises about things they don't even have designed yet.
So, we shall see if the stuff they are promising actually gets built and works, and then have to remember that this is the first time they have tried making something like this electric, and it's quite a bit different than anything they have done before, whereas, Tesla has been exclusively building electric vehicles for years, and are currently building the factory to build the CT, and the last vehicle they unveiled was in production within like 7 months, so CT should be pretty much on schedule, or close to or with Elon time, getting the batteries perfect lol
And your comment that this might be the go-to electric pickup? At that price point? LMAO!
This might be in your price range, but the Venn Diagram of people who play off road, and the people who can afford that, doesn't have much overlap lol
This will mostly be seen at movie premieres and at the club, not in Normal People's driveways with a half sheet of plywood in the back.
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@chrisjct the goal was a couple of weeks at the ISS, to demonstrate the capabilities of the capsule, and deliver the cargo it was hauling to the ISS.
A couple of days in a different orbit is a failure for the mission goals.
Also, just like with MCAS, the issue isn't a simple problem with a line of code, it's a deep problem of a software system that has no error checking or fault tolerance, combined with a lack of testing and verification to find these obvious and glaring issues before launch.
And while you may say that that's why they test, this wasn't supposed to be a test flight, this was supposed to be a demonstration mission.
SpaceX is the one who does test flights and iteration, and all up qualification tests.
Boeing qualifies each part and system separately, so that when the finished product is complete, it is ready to fly with no more testing.
And in previous cases such as Apollo or the Shuttle, your first flight had to be manned, so you needed this kind of system qualification.
But they said that everything was qualified and ready for flight, but they were wrong, and that calls their ability to design and test everything into question, so it's far more than just a line of code to be adjusted.
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The thumb hole on the Coleman pump is actually genius. It's simply so that the pump stays retracted when you aren't using it.
The pump rod is hollow, meaning that the space in front of the plunger is vented through that hole, so no pressure can build up in the pump cylinder unless you cover the hole.
If you cover the hole then the pump works as if it had a solid rod and no hole in the piston, but as soon as you take your thumb off it vents any pressure, and the plunger sits retracted.
It also vents any pressure that might escape from the check valve leading to the tank, otherwise a slight leak would cause the damage to pump to push all the way out.
The pump itself is normal, just a cup seal (originally leather, later rubber), so on the up stroke it lets air past the seal into the pump chamber, and then inflates and seals on the down stroke.
So there is no truth to needing to take your thumb off on the up stroke.
It's also why you need to occasionally put a drop of oil in it, to keep the leather soft and lubricate the bore.
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@dudeman8989 ummm, share cropping means that a grower contracts with a farmer to grow hemp on their fields, for a share of the crop. This means that the farmer will stop growing whatever they had been growing, usually food, and grow hemp instead, thus displacing a food crop on prime fertile ground.
And if the hemp is not being grown in fertile ground, then more fertilizer is needed to get it to grow.
Also, generally speaking forestry replantings will usually only fertilize the new seedlings when planting them, and then only in poor soil.
Once they get roots down and start dropping needles, they actually improve the soil fertility since they bring it up from deeper then other plants get it.
I rarely ever hear of anyone spraying trees, especially not coniferous trees used for making paper.
So your arguments don't stand up to facts.
Oh, and hemp would use a lot more pesticides, but very few pesticides are currently approved for use on hemp because it hasn't been tested and added to the label yet, so it can't legally be used, especially not for any grown for human use. Once the companies get the testing done, you will see a lot more pesticide being used.
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Elon Musk: "Hey Canada, how quick can you get one of your space arms delivered to Boca Chica? My welders are waiting to install it!"
Put an arm and a docking adapter and airlock on Starship, load the parts in and launch it.
Then send a Dragon with the crew, dock and use the Starship airlock for the EVA.
Even with two launches required, still cheaper than a shuttle launch, and allows you to use an early Starship with no risk to crew and no waiting for a crew rated Starship.
Plenty of room in the nose for a couple of arms, an airlock, a cocktail bar and disco, and whatever parts Hubble needs lol
Alternatively, robotically capture hubble, tuck it into Starship, and bring it back to the lab to refurbish it, and then send it back up.
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You made 2 serious mistakes.
1. An "Inverter" takes DC and creates AC. It does NOT create DC from AC. That would be a "Convertor".
2. You make a false assumption on needing as many chargers as gas stations.
No one, barring a few farmers with diesel trucks, can fuel their vehicle at home, and battery electric is the only type of vehicle that can "fuel" at home while you sleep.
The current density of gas stations is specifically because no one can fuel at home, and so every home needs a gas station nearby, with enough to handle the daily volume of people needing fuel.
With EVs, a large percentage if not a majority of owners will be charging at home, and for every person who does that, the need for a public charger diminishes.
This is why you hear very few Tesla owners complaining about having a hard time finding an available Supercharger, because the Superchargers are mainly used on road trips, and so need to be placed with that in mind, rather than near homes.
As more apartment dwellers buy EVs, and the need for public charging increases because they can't charge at home, then the charging stations will have demand, and gas stations will reduce in demand. But at least with Tesla, they can monitor this shift by how busy the city Superchargers are, and also by watching the data coming from the cars about whether they are charging at home, or only at public chargers, and they can build out the network as needed to support the no-home-charger demographic.
But at the same time, more employers and businesses will be adding charging facilities, further reducing the need for dedicated charging stations, and since the majority of people will probably always have home charging as the preferred option, I don't think that the public chargers will ever have to equal the current gas station density.
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@dmannevada5981 wow, a reasonable and well informed comment on YouTube!? I should play the lottery too lol
You seem to be more familiar with the details than I am, sounds like you have done your homework.
And yes, it makes sense that ag uses more water, but I think I included expanded ag upstream, but I probably should emphasize it more.
And yes, there is the little detail of the water allocation being overly optimistic, but they were able to handle it through 2000 or so with excess, and then there was a reduction in flow (returning to average it seems...) but everyone hoped that it was temporary and the water would return, and they had years to do something about it.
Well. Years are here and gone, and now they can't pretend it's not a problem, and so we will see how badly they handle it... Lol
The other factor however is that a lot of the areas where this water is used, ARE experiencing drought conditions, thus needing more water, so drought is playing into the story, even if it's from the other side.
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To clarify a key point, all current flowing from the outlet will end up returning to the neutral wire at the power pole, whether through the proper path, or through your stupid butter knife poking self! If it flows through you, it will end up going to a water pipe, a safety ground circuit, wet concrete etc, but will end up back at the ground rod or pipe bonding wire, etc, and flow back to the main panel where the Neutral wire is Bonded to the Grounding system, and thus return to the neutral wire on the pole.
Remember that all current requires a complete circuit in order to flow, so in order to have a ground fault, the electrons still need a path to return to the Source, be it the power plant, generator, solar panel, battery, etc.
The soil doesn't magically soak electricity up, and it's a horribly high resistance if you try to use it as one side of the circuit to source.
In fact, you can drive a long ground rod, and connect it directly to a 15 amp circuit breaker, and the breaker won't trip, because the resistance is so high very little current will flow, but what DOES flow is simply going to the nearest bonded ground rod to get back to the Source.
The key purpose for ground rods is to bleed off static and lightning, and to reference the Neutral wire to be the same potential as the soil, water pipes etc.
Think of standing barefoot on a metal plate, with a car battery sitting on the plate. If you touch either terminal of the battery, no current will flow, because there is no connection between the battery and the metal plate.
If you now connect a wire from one terminal of the battery to the plate, that plate now carries the potential of that terminal, and is Bonded to it.
Now if you touch the bonded terminal, nothing happens, because you are already at the same potential.
And it doesn't matter if it's the positive or negative terminal bonded.
That becomes the reference voltage.
If you are getting power from a generator, you can bond either the hot or the neutral to the ground rod if you want, and that becomes the Earth Reference.
So if you bonded the Hot to Earth, you can touch the hot wire while standing in the pool, and get no shock because they are the same potential.
Sadly, if you touch the frame of the generator, you will die painfully, so don't ever do this! Lol
This becomes important when dealing with transformers, because you have to pick which leg is bonded, what you want to reference to Earth.
I was working in an industrial facility once, and in the evenings, the neutral wire would become 110v to ground, and the hot wire would be zero volts to ground.
Then in the daytime it would be normal again.
I started looking at the Big Picture™ (© 2018 HVACR Videos) and discovered that that mechanical room was being fed by a single 3 phase circuit to the main 3 phase panel on in it, and then there was a buck boost transformer feeding the 110/220v panel which ran all the lights and outlets etc.
After some testing, I discovered there was an outside light with a photocell, that had a shorted out ballast, and that the electrician who installed the system had not bonded the center tap on the transformer to Earth ground, and so it was a floating system.
So when the photocell turned on, it bonded one of the 110 v transformer legs to earth ground, driving the center tap neutral to 110v away from ground, and since the shorted out light was the only place the transformer was connected to ground, there was no fault current to trip a breaker....
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face-palm
Good thing you are so enjoyable to listen to, because you suck at drawing accurate schematics! Lol
If you want to post/email a good picture of the schematics etc, I would be happy to trace out the mystery circuit release. Figuring out relay logic (not always with a schematic lol) was what got me started in industrial automation. I might still remember a little bit...
Some of the early computers that my dad ran were programmed by setting switches and installing jumper wires, or before that were entirely mechanical, so in the same way this IS digital computing, with the input being 3 bits (power, B, and 4)and then displaying the answer audibly lol
But I agree that your title was still accurate.
Also, the rotary contact arms are called Wiper arms or Wipers, not feeler arms.
Other than those things, another excellent video and enjoyable presentation!
Now, find some hope in this current situation, and keep breathing, because humans and this society are very resilient, and there is still Hope to be found. So follow the hope!
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Truck driver here.
I notice that the lane divider markers are much less visible, and tend to only reflect for a short window of distance in a truck.
When you think about the angles involved with them being so low, compared to a roadside sign etc, it makes sense.
But also, different styles and companies reflect differently, so some roads I can see the Morse code for miles, and others just a few feet in front of the truck where my eyes and headlight align with the reflector, but before it cuts off at the edge of the corner cube.
You may think that we may have a harder time seeing signs because our eyes are higher, but you have to remember that our headlights are higher also, and I don't think the angle is really much greater between the outgoing and reflected light for a roadside sign, as compared to a car, where both lights and driver are lower.
And we are higher into the sweat spot for overhead signs.
It's just surface reflectors that suck lol
I have noticed the red reverse side to freeway reflectors, sometimes on new road work you will see where one got out on backwards!
One time I was driving down this road, and they ALL were on backwards! It was quite odd...
All the other drivers seemed to be confused by it too, all driving the wrong way... (/joke)
It's always cool when I am driving away from the setting sun under just the right conditions, and all the red side reflectors on the opposite side of the road are on fire from the sunlight.
Speaking of corner cubes, in your surveyor stock footage, not a single corner cube appeared lol
They were using GPS units... APOLOGIZE!!
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@Asterra2 there is no one who will need to "permit" manned versions of Starship.
Once SpaceX is confident that it's safe, they can start launching their own astronauts.
And once they have a few successful manned flights, after many many unmanned flights, and have demonstrated abort capabilities, including pad abort for Starship, then NASA won't have many excuses not to allow NASA flights on it.
I mean, Starship should be safer than the Shuttle was!
So yes, NASA MIGHT insist on Dragon for an occasional ISS mission, but at that point SpaceX will charge a lot more for it, since NASA at that point would be the only remaining customer, and so bear the costs of the entire Falcon program.
And the main difference between current Starship design and manned Starship design is the addition of life support. The abort capability is provided by having enough engine power on Starship to be able to launch away from the pad by itself in case of a first stage explosion, and that's as simple as loading less fuel on it to bring the weight down.
So for Leo or ISS missions, not much needs to be designed extra compared to current.
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@bobcastro9386 there is also no abort mode if there was a problem with the Shuttle, with Crew Dragon, with Starliner, with the New Glenn Capsule, or on a airliner.
The Abort modes are to get away from a failing launch and safely return to earth, but that relies on the primary vehicle remaining in functional condition.
So yes, if a wing falls off a plane, or Starship has a failure, or Starliner fires the wrong thrusters, or the Shuttle has a damaged tile, there is no abort mode to rescue the passengers.
The problem you are having is not recognizing that Starship is the escape vehicle, rather than something to escape from.
And Starship does have multiple abort options, because it has multiple engines and redundant fuel and control systems, so a single failure won't doom it.
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@rosemcguinn5301 , have you polled the Indians to arrive at the conclusion that "Indian" is not the correct name as a whole?
Yes, obviously it was based on a misunderstanding centuries ago, but that is what they have been called, and called themselves, for many generations now, and since they don't have any word of their own to describe the group of tribes that were here before white men showed up, why is one white man word any better or worse than another?
So might as well use the one that they use for themselves, just like we Americanize every other foreign name and group and tribe lol
How many foreign names for tribes or countries do we actually get accurate.
And when you remember that the Indians didn't see themselves as Indians, they saw themselves as Apache and Navajo and Hopi and Yakama and so forth, and didn't see themselves as a group to be called by one name, so any name that you use other than the unique tribal name of each tribe and subtribe, is going to be wrong.
Oh, and the way we spell and pronounce those tribe names is wrong also, that's not the way they pronounce it.
So basically, if you want to use the name they use, for most of them you use "Indian", and quite a few of them will be offended if you call them Native American, because they are not native to the land of the invaders.
And yes, there are a few Indians that have bought into the PC movement that will get offended at Indian, but most of them probably have parents that call themselves Indian.
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Considering that most of the known large outbreaks are from things like parties, bbqs, church services, workplaces, political rallies, beaches, bars, etc, and even in Portland there are more people in bars on an average night than out protesting, ya, protesting doesn't really make a big dent.
Also, a large percentage of protestors wear masks.
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It's funny how most of the problems you mentioned with the integrated fixtures are mostly YOU problems, since you are OCD picky over lights lol
Most people won't be bothered if there are different color temperature lights in the same room, just like in the incandescent days most people had both a fluorescent ceiling fixture in the kitchen, along with gasp! incandescent bulbs in other lamps and devices, and very few people had a stroke!
Yes, it can be a pain when the exact fixture is no longer available, but that's no different than what happens if a socket gets burned or the glass for a classic orange boob light gets broken, and you have to put in something that doesn't quite match.
So either you find something close, or you replace the whole set, or you shift the good ones around and put the non matching replacement in the closet or around the corner, or in the guest room, where it won't clash directly.
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@jeovannijuarez9518 oh, you are right that NASA is more experienced at training astronauts, and so I fully expect that when SpaceX begins their training programs for the Dear Moon mission, and whatever other missions they want their own astronauts for, that they will make a deal with NASA for use of their facilities that don't need to be specific to SpaceX equipment, and that NASA astronauts will be involved in the training program, supporting the SpaceX staff.
Or maybe SpaceX will just hire NASA astronauts like Bob and Doug, people who have all the NASA training and experience, and also understand SpaceX well, and have them set up the training program.
And for missions to the ISS, even just tourist missions, Tom Cruise, movie crews etc, part of the training will occur at the NASA ISS training facility, and maybe some at the Russian ISS training facility, and if they are going to be doing any evas, they would probably use the neutral buoyancy facility, but SpaceX can get access to all of this as a customer, and do the training themselves, except maybe for the ISS specific parts.
And considering that all the NASA training stuff is decades old, as is their training program, I would expect to see SpaceX developing new EVA space suits, in which case, building a swimming pool and making a new neutral buoyancy training facility for the new equipment isn't very expensive, and for anything to the moon or Mars, there isn't much that NASA has that would be applicable to the training, but anything that it does have, SpaceX would have access to.
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@D4N1CU5 oh, and brazing and soldering can bond dissimilar metals together, fastening aluminum to steel, brass to titanium, etc, where you can't fusion weld because they don't mix with each other, different crystal structures, different melting points, etc.
There are ways to fuse dissimilar metals together, lasers, explosives, electron beams, etc, but they are pretty rare. But fun! Lol
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The anti Elon media doesn't seem to be able to tell the difference between fraud, and delays in scheduling due to unforseen issues, or simply plans changing as progress is made.
In addition, the main remaining things that they have left to point to as "fraud", the Roadster, Semi and Cybertruck, are not core business products that Tesla relies on, the Model 3 and Y are the main product lines and they are going great.
So the only real complaint is that the others are taking longer than expected, but in order to prove fraud you have to show that Elon KNEW they were going to be delayed, and made false statements.
But if he actually believed the time line was possible, then it's not fraud.
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@palmtreeshenanigans what you don't seem to realize is that SpaceX has never flown the same engine design twice on Starship. They are under constant iteration, some minor, some major, but it's constantly changing, as they work to improve the design and solve flaws and issues.
So what you see as repeat failures, the engineers see as new types of failures that they are discovering, or that the repair they tried didn't fully solve the issue.
We just heard how it took 2 years and multiple blown up engines to solve the F1 instability issues, but we didn't get to see those tests because they were top secret.
If we had had YouTube channels camped out watching the tests, you would have been saying that they would never get the F1 working.
In addition, many of the engine failures were not actually engine related, they were because of fuel flow issues, or a valve getting clogged, or hoses or wires not routed or protected properly, and so the controls got messed up, or the fuel flow was reduced and the excess oxygen burned the engine up, or many other such issues, but each flight they work on those issues, until they get them solved like they got the Falcon 9 issues solved.
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Joe Chang , when they are closer to earth they have a military grade GPS receiver that measures the time radio signals take to travel between the GPS satellites and the rocket and calculates position and speed, just like your phone, but much more accurate.
If it is headed away from earth, they use a radar transponder, and send a signal from earth and measure how long it takes to return, and then calculate speed from rate of change.
If they want to be really precise, they can put a prism reflector on the rocket and shoot a pulsed laser beam at it and measure the time it takes to reflect back. They can measure to the accuracy of a photon this way.
When a rocket is in visual range, just launched, or like a military short range rocket, they often use high speed cameras and measure how far it moved per frame.
They can also use multiple tracking cameras like you see for nasa launches, and by feeding the exact angles of several cameras into a computer, they can triangulate the exact position, and calculate the speed.
And while a rocket is still in the atmosphere, they just use a regular air speed indicator like a plane would use.
So there are many ways to measure a rocket's speed, and most of them are more accurate than your car's speedometer!
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@TheRip72 wrong on several counts. Lol
0 is an easily reproduced mixture of equal amounts of water, ice, and a salt.
32 is easily reproduced as equal amounts of water and ice.
And he originally considered body temperature to by 96 degrees.
I haven't seen anything that 100 was supposed to reference specifically, but it wasn't body temperature, since that was 96.
After his death, it got recalibrated a little bit, and that's how body temperature shifted to 98.6~
He started this because he was figuring out how to use the new and more accurate mercury thermometer, instead of the older alcohol style.
I suspect that he made the scale based on the range of the thermometer that he was using, so basically divided the actual glass tube into degrees, and then measured different things and looked at where they fell on the tube.
Ice, water and salt was probably the coldest thing he could easily make, so setting it as zero made sense, and then likely it was based on a tube of a certain diameter and markings a certain distance apart.
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A. I had no issues figuring out how to use the smooth edge style, just fiddled with it lol
B. I have run into a lot of incompatible can seams that it would not work on, because the metal was thicker or the seam was a different shape, so I have basically gone back to the regular style, though I only am happy with the good heavy duty style, and would toss any of the wimpy ones in your video out the window! Lol
I also don't like how many cranks the smooth edge style takes, and while being able to fit the lid back on is handy, in about 5 percent of the cans I open, it's not a killer feature most of the time.
And yes, if I am going to be reaching into a can, not having the sharp edge is nice, and sometimes the pull top can lip is annoying, but really, how often do we stick our whole hand into a can, compared to dumping it out or, you know, using a utensil?
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@spacedout5692 you know that what they mean by "they lost the technology" is that they designed amazing things and kept all the blueprints, but because it was a bunch of young guys operating in skunk works/startup mode at the time, the team actually building the engines and such were having to solve problems on the fly, and having to develop new techniques to build things, and making tweaks to the blueprint design to get it to work right, and since it was the same team that continued building them, no one thought to document and preserve the techniques and specialized skills they had developed, and so when those guys retired and died, the knowledge of how to make it work reliably went with them.
Teams since have built engines based on the blueprints, and found that they differed slightly from the remaining engines they compared them to, and without knowing the exact techniques used to build the pieces, they were not able to exactly recreate it, and decided that the amount of time and money to try all the different techniques until they figured out the right one, and how to apply it, would be more expensive than designing a new engine.
So it isn't so much that the technology was lost, it is that they relied on human craftsmanship rather than technology, and the craftsmanship wasn't passed down, as the programs were canceled and new ways of doing things were developed.
It's just like we don't know how the Egyptians built the pyramids, but we could achieve the same results now, just using different technologies.
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There is no way that the speed of light could be variable, and it be impossible to measure that it was variable.
Simple test setup: triangle formed by evacuated tubes, with beam splitter mirrors at each end of the base, and a single detector at the apex.
Send in a beam at one end of the base and reflect it back from the other end, measuring the round trip the normal way, but also measuring the intervals at the apex detector, from when the beam entered, when it reflected off the far end, and the when it returned to the start.
You then compare the measurements, of both directions of the light on the bounce via the apex detector, and also the round trip time via the standard detector.
If all the readings match, then the speed of light is consistent.
If you still don't trust it, add additional beam splitters along the length of the tube, with additional paths to the single detector, using optical means to get each path identical in length., and actually measure the time it takes both directions along the path.
And if you still question it, then you turn the assembly to a different orientation and run the test again, and try a few different positions, and see if you get any changes in any readings.
This setup removes any timing issues or signal differential issues or clock speed issues by simply having the detector at a point equidistant from both measuring points, I mean, why have two separate clocks? That's a requirement that makes it fail
By giving the light multiple directions to change speed, and monitoring it at multiple points, you remove the ability of the light to sneak in one direction and go slow in a different direction, without being able to see it change, because you are measuring both the time to the far mirror, and the time to return.
And as far as the delay in the wire being the same in the light, etc, send the sync pulse the opposite direction!
Or in my setup, make the apex detector much further away than the length of the base, so that any speed difference would not simply cancel out.
And since we are dealing with light pulses, not single photons, you can split off some photons, so observation is non destructive.
Since the hypothesis is that either the speed is different because of some sort of Aether headwind or tailwind, or going with the grain or against the grain, or something external like that, by doing a triangle, and moving it to different positions, and measuring the light at several points in its travel, you will be changing the orientation of the beams in relation to whatever that external force is, thus changing some measurement.
If you are going to say that maybe the external force changes to ensure that round trip time is always the same, but one leg is faster than the other, so somehow all these legs at different angles to each other are magically all delayed the same way, now you are outside science and into superstition and magic, that somehow the Force knows that you are trying to measure it and so hides it's presence.
This actually sounds a lot like the Flat Earth philosophy, that if I can't prove something, than you must be right. Yes, the sun COULD be a giant chandelier, and yes,light COULD magically change speed, but if light DID change speed, someone would have noticed it in some experiment along the way.
All that said, just as light travels at a different speed through a vacuum or through gas, or different densities of glass, etc, I would not be surprised if its speed is also effected by other radiation and energy types, so it probably does go at a different speed, say, AWAY from the Sun as Towards the sun, because there are tail winds so to speak, but that it's a very minor change that doesn't effect anything any more than the slight variation in density in a length of fiber optic cable from where the guy at the kiln sneezed.
And, yes, you could measure that too.
3 satellites near the sun forming a triangle, each with lasers and mirrors and detectors, comparing the reflected to the origin time, with the viewed from the apex time, and then trying it in the opposite direction.
You may not be able to get exact speed measurements, but you can see if the relative measurements change based on direction of travel, and whether it is reflected or direct.
So, good click bait video, but I am kind of surprised that neither of you stepped back and looked beyond the restrictions of two timers.
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@stargazer7644 , phase is a measure of waveform, and in a standard 120/240 residential service, the two 120 volt legs are 180 degrees out of phase in relation to each other.
This means that when one is at peak + voltage, the other is at peak - voltage, so 220 volts between.
If they were both in phase, you would not get a potential between them, it is only because they are out of phase that you can get 220 volts between them.
3 phase power is 120 degrees between phases, and household power is 180 degrees between phases.
But there are 2 separate phases created by the transformer.
There is also an old system called 2 phase that is 90 degrees between phase, used on some old motors supplied by early power plants, and some may still be running somewhere, but almost no one has ever seen one.
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@taxiuniversum I guess you have never heard of Kelvin?
C is a random scale, because 0 is not actually zero. It's no more logical than F, which is based on the average temperatures humans live in for 0 and 100.
But for the metric world to have dual systems and the associated confusion between them is not logical.
Secondly, most measuring in the US is not done using fractions.
And metric countries use fractions anyway, ever hear anyone say half a meter, or a quarter mm?
Fractions are used in carpentry because it's easy, but any carpenter can use decimal inches if they want, but they generally don't.
Also, most fields that use fractions are not having to do many calculations.
And the fields where calculations are required, tend to use decimal.
Surveyors for instance use the Engineering scale, which is feet and tenths of a foot.
Machine tools use decimal inches and thousandths.
I hear the claim that the US is cost billions by using the USC System, (we don't use Imperial over here), but that's stupid lol
Even if we changed today, mechanic shops would still need two sets of wrenches for many decades, and that only costs a few dollars extra.
But when you look at the big machines, the factories packed full with USC scaled lathes and machine tools, and you realize that they can have many decades of life, if you tried converting the country it would cost billions to replace all the long life span machinery, retrain all the engineers and workers, replace millions of street signs, reprogram electronic devices, replace all the USC measuring tools, and all the other things that go along with a major change like that.
And it makes no sense to force that change, especially since the main people that will benefit are the YouTube comments section lol
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@coryCuc you do realize that not everything is specifically spelled out in the constitution, right?
We have three branches of government, and things like interstate roads, tax collection etc, are spelled out in laws passed by congress, and then implemented by the President.
That's where the IRS comes from, congress passed a tax law, and so the president created the IRS to manage the tax law.
Same with the Highway Act.
In order for you to have a valid concern, you would have to find where the Constitution specifically FORBIDS the federal government from doing something, or specifically gives the authority to the states.
In this case, both building roads and regulating Interstate Commerce are specifically given to the federal government.
Section 8 of Article 1 of the proposed Constitution of the United States of America granted Congress the power "to regulate Commerce... among the several States, and... establish Post Offices and post Roads." Congress also would have the power to "regulate Commerce for foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes" and to "provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States."
This covers building interstate freeways.
Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution gives Congress the power to "lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United Statesc
This means that collecting taxes is legal, and also that collecting taxes for the general welfare of the United States " (such as a good road network) is also Constitutional.
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@bernardbarry447
When you say it can take 3-5 years to bring a new project on line, are you talking about opening a mine or a processing plant?
I agree that new mines take time to open, but in the near term, most of the existing mines could increase output relatively easily without much delay, and so you should be able to increase raw mineral output as fast as Tesla is ramping production.
As for processing, that traditionally is done as part of the project with opening a mine, and they grow with the mine, involving years of planning and getting loans and investments in it, and then the usual pace of contractors getting such things done.
But we are in the Tesla world now, and if the existing processor plants are unable to produce enough high grade minerals, and are taking too long to expand, Tesla can take a few billion out of the bank and build a processing plant as fast as motivated contractors can put it up, and be able to handle as much unprocessed ore as needed.
And in the mean time, the new projects slowly get started, including lots of new players across the world who now have a large enough market to be worth opening mines, and the ability to raise funding for it.
And with factories opening in many countries, it will be natural for the raw materials to be mined and processed in that country to save on shipping costs.
Meanwhile, the existing suppliers will be looking like small players in comparison to the world supply.
Don't expect that things will stay at the same slow pace when the demand is taking the S curve up, people can move MUCH faster when properly motivated by fear or greeed or vision.
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Well, since none of the other companies have really come out with a compelling system (car plus charging and service), I am not worried about Tesla keeping them from thriving.
If these mediocre designs did well, then no one would have motivation to invest in better designs.
So let the compliance attempts go bust, let the companies that choose to invest the minimum in it go bankrupt, so that the consumers end up with good options, instead of just a bunch of junk.
And in the mean time, Tesla will continue growing and providing the best cars for everyone, until finally some others invest and go all in on making good electric cars to actually compete with Tesla, and if they are new companies, or the reorganized old companies, it doesn't matter, but they are going to have to learn a new way of doing things, and the consumers will win in the end when they finally start making cars as good or better than Tesla.
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@bill1usmc Ahh, so you are one of the types who always is moving the goalposts to deal with inconvenient facts, because you can never be wrong...
You are correct that the lake reached a higher level in '83, but that was the choice of the operators, and up until 2000, they were releasing more water than the contracts required, and intentionally keeping the water below the spillway by sending more through the power plant.
So in 2000, there was enough water flowing to go over the spillway, but they used the valves to maintain the level that they consider as "full", partly because it's the best level for recreation, boat ramps etc.
To put it into perspective, the lake is now lower than it's ever been since it was originally filled in the 30s.
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@1202burton you are correct, they only tested the spillway once, the rest of the time, up until 2000, they sent more water through the power plant to maintain the water level at the depth they call "full", but there was enough water they COULD have let it go over the spillway.
Prior to then, they were releasing more water than they are required to because they had a surplus, but there is not enough water since 2000 to refill the lake and also supply the contracts, so it's been steadily decreasing since.
Remember that Lake Powell is upstream, so Mead doesn't have to deal with storm surge or anything, just a planned steady outflow from Powell, and the power plant and flow valves are easily able to handle that flow, so they don't need to use the spillway.
And why run water over the spillway they can use to make power?
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@bill1usmc so you admit that it peaked once in '83 because of extreme river conditions, and went ABOVE full.
And that is the only time in the history of the lake that it got that high.
So by definition, overfull, using the emergency spillway and actually damaging the dam, should not be considered the definition of Full.
And it's exactly events like that which damage the dam that made them more conservative in future years and always leave a few feet of room for flood surge, and so consider it "full" at a lower level.
They are required by the downstream water rights to release a certain minimum flow from the lake, and prior to 2000 they were able to release more than the minimum each year.
After 2000, the water right requirements have exceed the river inflow every year, so it has never been able to refill and steadily drops.
Water rights are one of the most sacred rights in the US, and it's only in times of extreme drought that water rights can be reduced, so they are legally required to release that minimum amount every year.
If you are a farmer and you have the elder rights to a certain amount of water available to you, are you going to use less water and thus make less money on your land, or will you grow the highest value crop you can on your land with the water you have available?
You can complain about the almond groves, but if you owned that land would you not grow what's most profitable and utilize all the water you can buy or have rights to?
Remember that most of the California almond groves buy the water from the water districts, and it doesn't come from the Colorado River.
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Time for more corrections. Too much wrong information in this video.
THHN is a specific grade of insulation in single conductor wires, specifying the temperature rating, cut protection etc.
Romex is not nor does it contain THHN wire.
THHN is the type of wire that will often be used to connect the meter to the main panel, or inside equipment, and is only used in conduit or inside equipment enclosures.
It's what you will find on spools as individual conductors.
THHN has a 90 c temperature rating, while NM/B such as Romex (which is the trade name for NM/B cable sold by Southwire) is rated at 60 C.
Secondly, while Romex is often color coded THESE DAYS, the color code didn't come about until not that long ago, and even now it's a voluntary standard, so while most use it, it's not reliable, you have to read the marking on the cables.
If you have an older house, chances are that all the Romex type cable will have a white sheeth.
The reason a coiled up cable can overheat isn't just because of possible but unlikely lack of air flow, but, wait for it, induction and basically acting like a transformer coil.
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@HelloKittyFanMan. , the batteries are backwards, because the positive terminal of a battery is connected to the Red "Hot" wire in nearly all real life circuits DC circuits, and the negative terminal is nearly always connected to the ground wire, which is the opposite of the hot wire.
And AC also has a hot and a ground, and while the color codes tend to be different, with some overlap (red is hot in both), the concept of Positive being Hot is always the case, except for some old British cars...
So putting the Red wire on the negative terminal is backwards, according to all standard uses.
And that's obviously a Duracell battery, so it's taking a theoretical concept of the flow of electrons (which is correct, but unimportant for practical house wiring, since you need to know Potential, not direction of electron flow) and mixing it into a practical electrical system, and reversing what anyone who actually works with electricity is used to.
For clarity, when you are connecting a battery, ALWAYS connect the Positive + terminal to the Hot wire!!
Bad things happen otherwise. Lol
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@Rommie26 no. Lol
Roads have to support the weight of traffic, handle extreme temperature swings without falling apart or buckling up, and most importantly, provide good traction for cars.
Asphalt does all these great, gives the best smooth ride, can be made porous so rain doesn't puddle on it to increase wet traction, and is flexible to allow use on softer sub soils where the road flexes under heavy loads. It is cheap and easy to install, and can have more layers added on top to renew its surface.
Concrete is much more expensive and labor intensive to install, and never gives as nice a ride as asphalt, but it lasts a few years longer before full replacement is needed. As concrete ages, it begins warping, which makes the ride worse and worse over the years.
There is really no other technology or technique that would survive the conditions and make a safe road surface.
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I know that when you are hating on people, facts don't matter, but I happen to be a mask proponent, and I also use metric when convenient, but you are totally wrong to say that the US uses Imperial units. We stopped using them in the 1700s, and use US Customary units, which is a different system from Imperial.
The inch didn't even used to match, until finally the UK and US agreed to each shift their respective inch slightly towards the middle lol
And the great thing about a free country is that we can choose to use whatever measurement we want, and so no one is forced to use USC over here.
However, we still have a vast installed base of USC machines and tooling that would cost billions to replace, so conversions may need to be made in some cases.
And enough with the arbitrary examples like a 1 mile bridge railing!
No engineer is going to put "1 mile" on the blueprints.
It will be in feet, or at least yards, and the math is no more difficult than figuring out how many bolts are needed in a 5280 meter guard rail with posts every 2 meters.
In addition, anyone who works with length for more than a few days will be able to remember 5280, just as you remember lots of conversion factors and stuff like Pi.
You get all drama Llama about how horrible it must be to have to REMEMBER THINGS, like somehow with metric no conversion factors or anything else needs to be memorized, that it's all just simple multiples of ten in science.
Now, if I am not arguing that metric isn't the best for science, and as I said, I use it when convenient, but you have gone beyond logic, ignored facts, and are instead far outside science into the religion of metric, and making arguments that sound like Trump, to prove your beliefs to the people who believe like you, and in the process telling others how they should think and behave.
I wish I had an intuitive feel for metric numbers, but unless we spend billions to change all the signs, football fields, books, tools, lumber sizes, (oh wait never mind, most of the world still uses USC lumber sizes, just called out in MM! I smirk whenever I see that! Enjoy your 2440mm 2x4s suckers! ;) ), machine tools, factories, laws, and our very language, and that's not something most of our citizens want or would support, and would take years to do.
And stupid videos like this just inflame the situation, and show the complete ignorance of the metric religionists of the basics of our situation or units.
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What a horrible job on the traction control system!
And Doug, a fully kitted out rig is a sign of someone with too much money not of skill. Body damage is the sign of someone with actual experience! Lol
Since those are quad electric motors, they have instant torque response and control, so there is zero reason to have them slipping and digging alternating holes like that, except developer laziness.
As soon as a wheel starts to slip, it should have the torque dropped or the brake applied BEFORE it turns far enough to dig a hole. This is old technology people.
Sometimes you have to spin and dig, but you should only let it do that if at least both wheels on the axle are doing it together at the same speed.
The way it was controlling each wheel separately causes the diagonal rocking that we saw, and just digs useless holes, just like with a totally open differential.
It has the "capability" to electronically lock all 4 wheels together and keep them moving in sync.
Even if it takes using brakes as well as torque, it is possible if they put the work into the software.
So I see this as a very underwhelming rig, but then I remember that your "off roading" is basically fancy factory stock vehicles, so by that metric I guess this is pretty impressive, but compared to even slightly modified vehicles this is not impressive.
And likely will break in very expensive ways when people discover that the undercarriage and suspension and various other parts are easily damaged and expensive to replace, and that a lot of stuff is going to start breaking and jamming when exposed to actual dirt and dust and sand and mud.
Imagine the tonneau cover once it gets sand in the rails, or the gear doors when they get muddy, or the first aid kit the first time it starts raining a little bit with the gear tunnel open.
And the first time you catch the front corner on a rock or branch and you have to get it towed home because it shattered the charge port, and it ends up being a $10k repair bill replacing the front end, you are going to start keeping it to the pavement....
This truck looks like it was designed by someone who subscribes to the Bespoke Post and shaves with a Damascus hatchet, or maybe looks like Jack Dorsey with the big beard...
It's a great rig for a small market, a certain type of person, and it will sell a few, but I don't see this being a popular hit outside that Bespoke group, and I expect long term reliability and quality issues with a high cost of ownership as a result.
I also can't stand the looks! Lol
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I am sad when channels like this make a very nice video, and leave out the key fact. At 10%, it's just an additive to help the gasoline burn cleaner by oxygenating it, but he makes it sound like it's supposed to be replacing the gasoline.
I would agree with the video if we are talking about E85 etc, about trying to replace gasoline with ethanol, but at 10 percent, the energy content as a fuel isn't important, because it is there to reduce emissions by getting the gasoline to burn cleaner.
Since it moves the energy inputs to power plants where emissions can be better controlled, and away from the cars filling our cities, it has a net positive effect on our health.
Tractor emissions is a concern too, but the new tractors are pretty much all low emission engines with DPF filters etc, and as solar/wind gets used more for the processing, it gets better.
Now, it's just a Bandaid®™, and we should keep pushing to get away from ICE cars, as well as coal and NG power plants, and then we can convert ethanol land back to growing GMO food soaked with chemicals!....
But as long as we have ICE engine cars, ethanol does serve a valid purpose to help them run cleaner, and I think there is a balance of benefits there.
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How would burst discs function you ask? Glad you asked! ;)
Burst discs are a thin metal plate of a precision calibrated thickness and usually scored or shaped to hold pressure up to their rating, and then burst instantly when the pressure reaches their design rating.
By putting them on the pressurization ports on the low pressure fuel and oxidizer tanks, they would prevent any fuel from getting into the helium plumbing.
Then when the SD thrusters were fired, the helium system valves would be opened and instantly burst the discs allowing the tanks to be pressurized.
The only times this would happen would be in the event of an in flight abort, and at that point the helium pressure would never be turned off until it was on the ground, so no fuel could get into the helium lines.
If they ever do propulsive landings, sane idea, the discs would be burst just before landing, and it would stay pressurized until it was on the ground.
All the other valves would remain the same to turn the engines on and off etc, this is just the shrink wrap over the package to keep it sterile until first use so to speak.
For long term redesign, I would either move the helium control valves directly to the end of the fuel and oxidizer tanks totally preventing the situation, or add a second set of valves directly at the tanks that actuate at the same time as the existing helium valves.
This would preserve the ability to ground test, while preventing the problem of fuel leaking back into the system.
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You need to do a video on cold air intakes on engines and why it helps, because you clearly don't understand the principles lol. It is to get more air into the cylinder by reducing volume.
A cold air intake, or an intercooler on a turbo charged engine, is there to increase the density of the air, thus making it possible to fit more air into the cylinder, because the engine works by heating the air up and making it expand.
So if you put hot air in, it's already partly expanded and so you get less power.
Think about how a turbo is trying to squeeze more air in by increasing the pressure, doesn't it make sense to decrease the temperature as well?
This is also one of the reasons water injection is used in some performance engines, because it cools and densifies the charge air.
Nitrous injection also does this.
So on an ICE, cooling the intake air is entirely to increase density, and the amount of air that will fit in the cylinder, thus having more air that can expand a greater amount when it's heated.
Remember that an ICE is still a heat differential engine and so the greater the heat differential, the greater the potential power.
For clean combustion however, preheating the air is very helpful and important, because if you preheat the combustion air, it allows the flame temperature to be higher, leading to a more efficient combustion.
Industrial oil burners often preheat the air with exhaust heat for this purpose. Google "preheating air for combustion" etc.
So if your end result needed is expansion (ICE, turbine engines, rockets, etc), then you want to have your intake air as cold and dense as possible, (see SpaceX superchilling their propellant), but if you are just going for heat production, preheating is important.
I will also mention carb heat on planes and the old engines that had heat stoves or the intake manifold heated by the exhaust manifold.
That is very in-ideal, but to solve a problem with gasoline not evaporating properly, either due to the use of carberators that didn't evaporate the fuel well, or due to the cold temperatures in high altitude air.
But generally the cars with those features were not high performance cars, or they had thermostatic dampers on the heat stove, so it only helped while the engine was cold and then shut off the heat.
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@allenz7688 that sounds nice, but since the SS has no ability to search people for weapons on the NK side, it would have been easy to have all the "photographers" be armed soldiers, and probably a platoon of soldiers out of sight in a building, grabbed him, loaded him into a vehicle and sped away, and any attempt to intervene risking his life.
And if you really want to get into the weeds, do you think that there is no chance that NK has a tunnel running to the building there? That is kind of the type of thing that they used to do. Could even have a trap door, say, in the middle of the road lol
If they wanted him, they could have had him basically, and since it was a last minute thing, there would have been very little ability to plan and preposition equipment to rescue him, especially since it would have required invading NK, with a high probability of killing the president in the process.
Presidents occasionally do things that SS begs them not to, or exceed the SS ability to protect them, and walking deep into enemy territory is one of those times lol
And will probably be what SS fathers tell around the campfire during scary story time for years.
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@allenz7688 , do you know who else has active imaginations? People trying to do mean things, especially when they have an army at their disposal lol
And do you know who else has active imaginations? Secret Service agents trying to protect headstrong principles... ;)
I have had interesting conversations with my local SS supervisor when a President had flown into my small town airport for an unannounced visit and recreation, (they basically took over the town with full local cooperation) and this kind of situation is so far out of their ability to control things, that anything could happen, and they know it.
I was just giving some of the top ideas of things that they would check for if they could, but they couldn't.
As an example, when the Pope came to San Francisco a few years back, they were welding down the manhole covers, and welded the access points to the sewers shut after inspecting everything, and many other details that most people never consider.
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@anuragshinde9208 , I think you are talking about the small extended cylinder that you can see at the top mount of the landing legs.
That looks like a pneumatic cylinder, operated by helium, that kicks the legs open by pushing them away from the rocket body. Once they are beyond its reach, I suspect that gravity and inertia does the rest, since they extend during the landing burn with the rocket rapidly decelerating, so I would not be surprised if they actually have to be slowed down in their extension, rather than powered.
But there is no mechanism built in to retract the legs, and none needed at this point, since it always lands on the ground to be serviced by ground crews.
Now, the future designs will need self retract capabilities, but only on missions where they will be landing on the moon or Mars, and then take off again.
For ideas like the BFR being used to from city to city, I suspect that they will have a launch gantry, so once it lands, it will be captured, set on the launch lugs, and the legs folded up by ground support equipment, since there is no need to add the weight and complexity of a retract mechanism.
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@engineer9673 as I said, the cylinder on the left, which you can't see in this video, is extended further than the one on the bottom, and its fin is within normal operating range, and no broken mounts.
Considering how few cycles these cylinders operate, just a few minutes of operation really, you are not going to see wear and scoring on the cylinder showing limits of operation, so you may be seeing soot deposits from the landing burn or just shadows, but it isn't scoring and wear after only a few minutes of operation. Also, most of the operation time on these cylinders will be in testing, and they would be very clean, and stopping at many different positions, and rarely going to full extension, because it is just one out of many positions to test.
And remember, this system dumps its fluid as it uses it, so they aren't going to be testing it for long periods, and then having to refill every few minutes. So landing is probably the most movement it gets, and it normally would never go to full extension, because the rocket should not be that far off course.
The high resolution pictures, including from straight on where you can see the left cylinder are on John Krauss's Twitter feed if I remember correctly, or maybe it was Instagram.
Look him up and see them all. He's worth looking up anyway lol
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Seeing those bulkhead domes makes me wonder if the lower section being made out of heavy rolled and welded sheet is because it is a pressure vessel, not just structural. What fuel were those engines running on? Liquid methane?
I could see it easily as an rp1 tank, but I don't know what the pressures that liquid methane or LOX run at, but that seemed to be pretty thick plate, so it could be a fuel tank.
It could have a center bulkhead to make 2 tanks within the lower heavy section, and the upper wire frame and tin foil sections are just to make it look pretty, or maybe they will put a cryogenic tank for the lox up there along with all the support equipment, helium tanks, etc.
But if they are putting domed bulkheads in, it's for sure flying!
Up, or rapidly apart, we will have to see, but it's going to fly lol
I do agree that this is probably to thumb his nose at investers that didn't think he could do it the way he pitched it, and he said "hold my calls and watch this", and built a rocket in a tent in a swamp in a few weeks!
And totally after that meeting with Gwen. "fine, I will just do it in a tent"!
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As a helicopter pilot, surely you know that you can move Forward and Backwards, Side to Side, and Up and Down, in addition to Pitch Roll and Yaw.
Maybe you are thinking of a camera on a ball head tripod which only has 3 degrees of freedom, since the tripod holds it in a fixed location, but as I am sure you know, a helicopter is not fixed in a location, so now has 6 degrees of freedom.
This is why it is called 6 degrees of freedom, instead of six axis, because it is not talking about axies, but about movement.
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@togowack wow, you are so much smarter than every factory owner and truck manufacturer out there, because they are finding amazing savings and increases in efficiency by using robots for the very repetitive tasks.
But I guess you know more than they do!
And unless the factory process changes, robots don't get outdated, any more than humans do, they get reprogrammed.
The assembly plant we see in this video is not able to produce whatever they put on paper, that's what they claim they can do long in the future, but this assembly plant we see in the video can probably only produce a few trucks per month, which is why I say it's way too empty, because it needs more machines, more tracks or robot carts, more people, etc etc.
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@togowack Elon said he underestimated the value of humans when he tried to do too many things with robots on the model 3, so he added a few more humans until he could get the robotics figured out.
Have you seen any of the videos from inside Tesla factories? It's fully automated with robots doing as much as possible.
Some of the stuff that still needs humans, like putting the dashboard in etc, the humans actually sit strapped into cockpit chairs on robot arms that swings them in through the car door and positions them correctly to install the parts, and then swings them back out.
And it's all these robotics that allows them to produce so many cars with only 2 factories, and a 30 percent profit margin.
Maybe the robots that YOU work with have those problems, and ancient software, but that's why Tesla purchased a leading German factory automation company so that they can make everything custom to their needs, and they have strong software engineering talent so they can write new software from the ground up.
So when done properly, automation is amazing and extremely efficient, because it's perfectly repeatable at high speed, and doesn't tire out.
Also, they use a lot of computer vision etc to give the robots eyes so they can be even faster and more accurate.
This is the same company developing leading AI and computer vision on cars, and they can apply the same talent to the factory.
So maybe you should go work for Tesla and enjoy your job a lot better working with much nicer automation!
As far as the Nikola plant seen in this video, it looks nothing like the Iveco factories, which are full of equipment, and yes, robots.
So if this is based on the European factory design, it currently looks nothing like it.
It's almost like you didn't watch this video, or have never seen what an actual factory looks like inside.
This looks like hand building prototypes inside a warehouse, and you say it can produce one truck per minute. That's what confuses me.
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@togowack Tesla is replacing 1000 STEPS by casting a single piece instead of welding together hundreds of small parts. The goal is to simplify the manufacturing process, not simply eliminate robots.
And the Giga press is, of course, handled by a robot to remove the castings.
Elon's goal would be to have an entirely robotic factory, the machine that builds the machine, which is one reason he's starting work on the humanoid robot, because right now there are some jobs that still work best with a human.
And yes, robots create new problems, but problems are meant to be solved through engineering, and so they are gradually working to redesign the car to optimize it for robotic assembly, solving those problems one step at a time.
Anyway, your philosophy is the opposite of Elon's, so I guess you won't fit in at Tesla! They only attract the best engineers.
And if Nikola produced 1 truck per DAY their stock would go up! But they can't even do that yet... Lol
But you were the one who said that this facility that we saw could produce half a million trucks per year, which is about 1 truck per minute run rate.
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@togowack crashing is a human issue from bad programming or process design.
Journals can be line bored and repaired, and if the castings are wearing out that means that you need to redesign the robot so that the journals are sleeved or otherwise repairable. Worn castings is ALWAYS a result of either bad design or poor maintenance, and is not something that should be allowed.
And you probably don't have the authority to redesign the robot, but that's a pretty basic concept that Tesla can surely solve.
And again, they are using machine vision or other means to give many robots eyes to compensate for misaligned parts.
You are repeating the same drivel that the old auto manufacturers and Tslaq have been saying for years, that Tesla doesn't have manufacturering abilities, that there is no way they can manufacture better than Ford and GM and VW and Toyota, but now Ford and VW and many others are realizing that Tesla is doing BETTER at manufacturing than they are, so you may think that they are lacking in MEs, but they seem to be doing pretty well with what they have.
It helps that they can share the best ones between SpaceX and Tesla, and it's one of the reasons why they have purchased several companies dealing with factory automation, battery cell production, etc, to get their engineers.
So whatever you say about what they are lacking, the proof is in how fast they are able to build factories and get them up to speed, and how rapidly they are able to redesign the cars and constantly improve them.
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@togowack the factory to build the Cybertruck is currently under construction, did you expect them to build it in a barn? It also needs the 4680 cells that are still ramping production, so it's not quite ready to start.
VW says that it takes them 40 hours to build their EV, while it takes Tesla 10 hours. That's mostly thanks to the automation in the factory. And that's how far ahead Tesla is from the top German manufacturers.
Ford just decided to double their planned EV production, and their target for 2024 is about half what Tesla will do next year.
And Toyota is having to partner with a Chinese EV company to build EVs for them.
The old Ford plants would have to be fully rebuilt in order to start car production again, including the installation of thousands of robots, because that's how auto manufacturers do things now, so it will take years for such construction and then the ramp up.
It's not like in the movies where someone walks into a dusty old factory and flips a big switch and the factory roars to life, because technology has changed so much that nothing in that old factory would still be usable, the layout would need to be entirely different, and remodeling an old building is usually more difficult and expensive than designing a new building optimized for your needs.
So this idea that the other manufacturers are going to be able to magically make as many cars as they want faster than Tesla can is just funny.
And look at how easy it is to make mistakes.
Like GM having to recall every Bolt made to replace the battery, and now the rumors are coming that Porsche may have to do the same thing.
And maybe Nikola will do all the manufacturing by hand no robots, but if they do, they will not be able to compete on price against Tesla with a truck designed for efficient construction using as much automation as possible.
And the Cybertruck is also designed for maximum automation.
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I am surprised how well Ford has done here. It may not be as good an "EV" as a Tesla, but the functionality looks great, and SOOO much better than the poser Rivian.
I am all in on Tesla, and laugh at the Mach E, and especially the Blue Cruise, but I am also a Ford diesel owner who actually uses my trucks as trucks, and I would enjoy this I think.
Unless I am towing further than across town, in which case I want my diesel f350 crew cab 4wd long bed!
Now, I am hoping that the CT will have a lot of the useful features like power outlets, an easy to access frunk, extra lighting, etc, so that I can get the Tesla technology advantage, with the useful features we see here, and also avoid the $10k+ Ford dealer "EV tax", but I am still rooting for Ford and Tesla to continue being the only two US car companies NOT to go bankrupt!
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One thing to realize is that different brains function differently. When I look at an analog clock, I have to count ticks to read the time. Some people can glance at it and know the time, but my brain has never functioned that way.
So for me, a digital clock makes more sense, because it says the exact thing that I have to reverse engineer from an analog clock, thus saving me the time and effort.
It's like the difference between writing out an equation, and simply stating the results.
How would you rate this video on a scale of 1 to 3+2+4+1?
(insert some algebra formula in here that I can't come up with off the top of my head!)
I guess I have always dealt with exact time. My dad taught me 24 hour time, but I was rebellious and became bilingual.
Then I started in ham radio as a teenager, then working with satellite TV uplink and downlink, and then worked at a radio station where I kept all the automation system clocks set correctly, so I have always needed perfectly accurate clocks and watches, used to call Time every day, or tune in to WWV, and was very happy when this new thing called the Internet started allowing automatic time setting!
I know that some people think in "half past the hour", or "10 til 5", but I have to parse those meanings into hour:30 and 4:50.
I internally think in 12 hour format, but can transpose to and from 24 hour format instantly, since I have used it so much.
Sometimes I think in 24 if I am trying to math something, otherwise I use my fingers lol
So for me, I have little love for analog clocks, though for certain applications where movement of time is important, rather than exact time, it's useful.
Similarly, I want a vehicle tachometer to be analog so I can see the sweep and rate of change compared to red line or shift points, but I need a digital speed readout since generally the only thing I need that number for is comparing it to the sign on the side of the road (now, the sign on the Maps display lol).
In my truck, I actually mounted an old smartphone to the dash and have a GPS speedometer app running on it, so whenever I start the engine it opens the app, and I have a digital speed display. I only use the analog speedometer occasionally if I am wanting to see rate of acceleration.
On the other hand, on something that is constant speed, such as the motor on an industrial device where I am setting the RPM and leaving it, I want digital, because I want that exact number, rather than a needle in the general vicinity.
The Inverter Variable Frequency Drives for electric motors don't have dials, they have digital readouts because they put the motor at an exact speed.
With some equipment, I will add a needle or histogram display in addition to the digital number, so that speed changes can be tracked visually as well, but that's only useful if it's changing speeds frequently.
So basically analog is good to display change and rate of change, but digital is best for accurate data and not having to parse a picture to get a number.
And you know the fancy clocks that only have the 4 primary numbers, or no numbers at all, just some lines? I hate those! I literally have to count lines and try to estimate the number of degrees in between to get an accurate reading, because I don't function with the approximate.
I remember in my EMT class, the instructor saying not to record a blood pressure as anything other than a line on the gauge that had a number by it. If it wasn't specifically marked, and you tried to estimate it, you were making it up. So you read to the nearest Number and wrote that down.
This is pretty much the entire point of reading an analog clock, Making Stuff Up! Lol
Now, when taking blood pressures or counting respirations, having a sweep second hand was amazing since you could visually watch for 15 or 30 seconds while counting, without having to parse anything, simply watching for the hand to get to a particular location, but I could do the same thing by watching the seconds on my digital watch, it was only slightly harder.
But most of the interaction I have ever had with time, digital made so much more sense, since that's the form it got converted to in my head anyway.
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I only have one complaint about this video...
That's NOT an Air-Arc lol
An Air Arc is a totally different, and even hotter, tool..
Basically its a hollow, copper coated, carbon electrode that goes into a special electrode holder which blows high pressure air through the hollow core.
It basically looks like a large stick welder holder and electrode.
It then connects to a LARGE arc welder power supply.
You strike an arc just like with an stick welder, and it melts a weld pool just the same (though with hundreds of amps), and then the high pressure air blows the molten metal away.
As you can imagine, it creates a BIG cloud of sparks! Quite fun to operate, very noisy, but beautiful curtains of molten steel everywhere.
What they were using here was a plasma cutter, which is also an awesome tool, but much more delicate and precise.
Like the difference between using a scalpel and a chainsaw to cut the turkey lol
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I really don't like your revisionist history, talking about all the other brands and models currently using CCS, and ignoring the fact that for most of the existence of Tesla, they WERE the defacto industry standard, simply because they had almost no competition.
Not to mention that the BetaChademo standard was competing against the VHSccs until just recently, so getting bitter against Tesla is well misplaced.
Also you left out that Tesla attempted to get the other manufacturers to sign on and use the much superior Tesla standard, but the other manufacturers wanted to pretend that Tesla didn't exist, and so they created a second design.
Plus, Tesla built out most of its supercharger network before CCS really took off or there WERE any other options for Tesla drivers.
So while you have valid concerns about the situation for Tesla drivers, the way you go about bitching about the industry leader is pretty petty.
Remember that without Tesla having built out such a large proprietary network, we wouldn't HAVE a robust EV market today, because Tesla literally had to create the infrastructure before people would buy the cars, and so the giant proprietary network was not an option, but the only way to do it.
Now that the company is stable with plenty of cash flow, and they are able to install chargers faster than they can build cars, and there are just beginning to be 3rd party alternative charging networks that actually work, they are starting to move towards making it so Tesla's can at other networks easily, and also opening up the Supercharger network to other brands, but only as they are able to expand the network so that the Tesla owners don't have to wait for a line of Ioniqs at a Tesla facility.
If you were a Tesla owner, you would be happy that you don't have to deal with all the other EVs on the road charging at "your" station, kind of like how only Costco members can get gas at Costco.
As I see Tesla building chargers in every shopping center and restaurant district and random farm fields along the freeway in the middle of nowhere, some with hundreds of stalls, just a few miles down the road from others with hundreds of stalls, I see them getting to the point where they can start opening up to other brands, and just continue rolling them out as fast as they can get permits.
It's kind of like how they aren't rushing to introduce more car models until they get production ramped on the existing models and have headroom to take on a new challenge, they had to get their network expansion ramped up fast enough to be able to handle outside customers, rather than just serving the Tesla fleet.
And since all the early Model S cars that were built before CCS even was spawned from the pits of committee hell are STILL on the road, they couldn't just stop installing new Tesla connecters, because they would have had to retrofit all the older cars, as well as all the existing chargers, home chargers, etc.
You treat it like it's saying that Apple should sell new phones with USB C, when really it's more like Apple having to upgrade the last 5 years of phones to work with USB C, and send out new chargers and battery packs to all their customers.
Oh, and most Tesla owners would not WANT to "downgrade" from Tesla to CCS! Lol
So I look forward to the adapter coming out to give Teslas charging options, and a slow rollout of CCS capabilities at Supercharger stations to allow 3rd party charging.
Probably only a few stalls with CCS, and the rest are still reserved for the only currently large fleet of EVs in the US!
(I have seen just 2 Ioniq5s in California so far, one of them today. I like the looks of it as much as I want to wear your brown tweed jacket.... Smirk)
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@jimstanley_49 some cord ends have afci built into them to protect just the cord, but the breakers are to protect the in wall wiring more than anything.
Some of the most common causes of house fires are from nails going through wires and causing an intermittent short that heats the wire up (or being pinched against metal causing a low level short, etc), or from a bad connection, either from a broken wire that is still touching, or a loose connection, which will heat up under load.
These can also occur in cords, but the reason they are required as breakers rather than outlets, is to protect against in-wall faults.
And yes, AFCIs are susceptible to false trips, but unless the afci breaker is defective, if it is tripping when turning on a heavy load, it probably means that there is a wiring fault, and it is doing its job.
If there is a loose connection at the breaker, at the back of the outlet, or a loose wire nut somewhere along the way, or an internal fault in the unit, it will detect this under heavy load where it might not be a problem under light loads.
So I would try plugging the unit into another AFCI protected circuit from a different breaker, and see if it still trips.
Most of the breakers will show you a code to let you know what it detected, which can help with the troubleshooting.
To put it another way, an afci tripping is a sign of a problem with some part of the system, and should be investigated, rather than just treated as a nuisance,because a properly designed system won't do that.
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@jimstanley_49 so what you are describing sounds nothing like an AFCI nuisance trip, but like either a bad connection or bad contacts in that circuit, so that the ac wasn't getting full current.
When they trip, they actually trip.
And the modern multifunction AFCI breakers that I get at Home Depot (series and parallel fault, plus GFCI), will flash a code through an led so that you can tell why it tripped lol
The early AFCIs were only single function, and yes, were more for protecting against damaged cords, but the new ones are much more useful.
Oh, and I consider putting in AFCI breakers as a one time upgrade to 200 year old technology, and if they come out with a new style that adds new features, I will look and see if they are a compelling addition worth upgrading, or just a marginal improvement.
The next likely improvement is if they figure out how to detect heating from bad connections, which is a common cause of fires, but I make sure that I have good connections in my wiring, and that issue is usually the result of shoddy workmanship, so probably not worth an upgrade.
I will also mention that in a house that has good wiring, I am not going to upgrade everything, just bedrooms and such. Where is would upgrade everything is something old with known sketchy wiring, where an electrical fire won't surprise me.
It's kind of like getting fire extinguishers and a fireproof safe for your important documents.
If I can put a couple of hundred bucks towards knocking my fire risk way down, maybe it's worth it.
The places I have
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@stargazer7644 so I guess that there are exceptions for sump pumps in some situations not needing GFCI protection, but most of the sump pumps that I have worked with recently had GFCI protection built right in the cord, and under some conditions they are required to have it in residential applications.
But you are right that sometimes they can skip the GFCI, which lowers life safety, but reduces flooding risk.
As to refrigerators, any outlet within 6 feet of the edge of the sink requires GFCI protection. Unless it is a single outlet dedicated outlet that is completely behind the fridge.
But I often see fridges plugged in next to the fridge on the sink side, or within 6 feet of the sink, so unless that dedicated outlet is installed behind the fridge, it will be on a GFCI.
And if you have a fridge or freezer in the garage, it will be on a GFCI, because all outlets in garages have to be GFCI.
Now, if there is a dedicated fridge outlet meeting the exception rules, then I am not going to put a GFCI breaker on it.
And if there is a dedicated outlet meeting the sump pump exception rules, same thing.
But otherwise, my point stands.
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@ProjectFarm if you left a wider gap in one bucket than in the others, and didn't add extra material to seal the gap, than you induced a variable under your control that skewed the results.
The sealant can neither cause nor remove a crack, it can only attempt to bridge over one.
If 2 buckets had a 1 mm crack, and 1 bucket had a 2 mm crack, and the sealants were applied the same, then the one with a gap twice as wide is obviously going to have twice as difficult a time sealing it.
And since the one on the wide crack was also the clear one without lots of clumpy body, applying it exactly the same as the others over an open crack gives it an even higher handicap.
If you want these tests to be useful and reliable, you need to make sure that you take the actual properties of the product into consideration and use the product properly, instead of trying to keep the application the same, when they need different applications.
I don't care about whether one takes a slightly different application method, though it is good to know, but this test was about the ability of the product to perform once it was applied and cured properly, and if one wasn't applied and cured properly, than the test results are not useful.
It's kind of like testing heavy duty batteries against alkaline batteries.
Of course the heavy duty batteries are going to lose, because they are not being used in their designed application. (they are not designed to be compared to alkaline in other words lol)
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@TheMax13542 most houses that I have ever been in that have ducting have poor design and don't get even distribution.
Yes, zoning etc is possible, but most houses don't have zoning, and installing it after the fact gets real expensive real quick.
So if you have a well designed central ac system already, then replacing it with a traditional heat pump is obviously the best option, but if you have a central ac that freezes one side of the living room and one bedroom, but leaves the other bedrooms roasting on the sunny side of the house, or if you have one person who likes sleeping in a cold room and another who likes sleeping in a warm room, then mini splits all of a sudden make a lot of sense, because you can control each room individually, which pretty much no central system allows.
In addition, if you are able to only heat or cool the specific rooms in use, rather than keeping the entire house at the same temperature, you may be able to save considerable energy.
Plus, if you have uninsulated attic ducts, undersized ducts, dirty ducts, etc etc, the central system loses a lot of efficiency, which again can't be solved without a major and expensive central heating system upgrade.
So you have to look beyond just the box sitting outside, and at the whole system, and remember that most house central air systems are built as cheap as possible, and usually suck.
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@QuantumRift if you are standing on the ground, what potential is your body at?
Ground potential.
What potential is the white wire at?
If the white wire is bonded to the ground, then the white wire is at ground potential, the same as you are, this with no potential difference, you can't get shocked.
It doesn't have to do with current flow, it has to do with relative potential.
For instance, if I am standing on an insulated surface, so isolated from ground, I can touch a hot wire, and as soon as I do, I now am at the same potential as the hot wire. And I am not getting shocked, because there is no potential difference between me and the wire.
Just like how the guys work on the high voltage transmission lines, once they are on the wire, they are at a half million volt potential, with millions of watts flowing through the wires, but there is no potential difference, so they don't get shocked.
Do you understand a little bit better now?
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@BobSmith-zj6lk , Elon has said many times now that he is going with a stainless steel hot side of the rocket instead of ablative tiles.
He said that on the hottest areas where the stainless steel would be damaged from the heat, they will use transpiration cooling, using an outer layer with micro perforations and pumping water or liquid methane out through the pores, and when it evaporates it will absorb lots of the heat, keeping the skin cool enough to not be damaged at all.
And remember, this is a much larger vehicle, so the heating is spread out over a larger surface than a capsule.
But this is the whole plan, the whole reason Elon is going to a stainless steel skin, and not using ablative tiles, because he doesn't want to have to do any refurbishment between flights, and ablative tiles would require that.
Some whatever you think about whether stainless steel could withstand the heating, Elon says that it can.
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@sophrapsune , so some basic definitions are needed here.
A subsidy is when an entity pays another entity simply to support them and keep them solvent, such as when farmers are paid not to grow crops, or giving an allowance to a kid, or when someone is given money despite no services or products being exchanged in kind in return.
What Spacex did was bid on a government project, and win the bid, and the government gave them money for a product and a service.
This is very capitalistic, it is just going after the government market instead of the private market,which makes sense since the government market tends to be more lucrative.
And yes, the bid in question was to develop a new system, but it was needed because no one else had the system, and it was something that NASA needed.
So it wasn't a subsidy where NASA was paying them to develop something that they could have gotten elsewhere, it was selling their products on their own merit, which is how capitalism works.
And again, the government hiring you to do a job isn't government largesse, it is being hired to do a job.
Otherwise, any company that does work for the government, down to the janitor service, is receiving government largesse lol
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@sophrapsune so which politicians are benefitting from SpaceX?
While projects like the SLS, and pretty much all the other aerospace companies are very much driven by politicians, which is why the manufacturing for all the big projects from Apollo to the Space Shuttle and everything else is spread among factories spread across many states, and it is usually the politicians in those states that push the budgets through to keep the money coming to their states, but now SpaceX comes along and is threatening that whole system, because they don't play that game.
For instance, the SLS is often called the Senate Launch System, because that's where it was designed! They lobbied the congressman from the space industry states to create a program to return to the moon, and after it passed they told Nasa to hire the usual companies and create this project, and gave them the money to do it.
And even with nasa now talking about using commercial rockets to launch the first phase,, you can bet that congress won't be cutting the funding to the SLS, because it is still making a lot of politicians rich, even if it never flies.
This isn't the case with SpaceX, because they don't play that game, and the only reason that they are getting so much business is because they are so much cheaper than everyone else.
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Wesly Stanton nope, you are right, Elon wasn't starting out at the point of Goddard or Van Braun or any of the Soviet or European rocket pioneers.
He wasn't even starting out at the level of NASA or Boeing or Lockheed or any of the current leaders in space technology, he started out building off all of that, and taking it beyond what anyone else can do.
First private rocket to orbit (before NASA was funding him), first commercial space flight, soon first non-governmental human orbital spaceflight, first full flow staged combustion engine, soon first flying water tower (which is the closest he is getting to Van Braun or Goddard, building and launching primitive rockets out in the field, he just is starting at a slightly larger scale lol)
Yes, he would not have been able to get so far without NASA having given him a contract, so they could quit being ripped off by the Russians and American aerospace industry rates, but NASA is on track to save money by giving him the startup capital investment through hiring him to create a product they needed, but none of that reduces how amazing his progress is, because pretty much everything that he is doing, no one else has done, or even thought possible.
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@sophrapsune , one point that I forgot, SpaceX is certainly unlike any of the other companies working for NASA, because as far as I know, they don't work for Cost Plus (where the contractor can't lose money, because they are guaranteed that all their costs will be covered, plus profit on top of the costs) like everyone does, where the more expensive the contractor can make the project, the more profit they make (see the SLS delays, and all the over budget and behind schedule space and military projects...), unlike them, SpaceX has been working on goal driven fixed price contracts, and has been driving the change for the existing Cost Plus contractors to have to start bidding on fixed price contracts, instead of being able to write their own checks since they have competition now.
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You make a decent video on the subject, but please research the technical aspects a little bit more before acting like an expert while giving very bad information.
For instance, the Sabatier process takes water, and co2, and creates oxygen and methane.
That is the way they plan to get methane on Mars, because the methane in the atmosphere is too low a concentration to easily extract, but co2 is abundant, and water is accessible.
It's also how they plan to produce the Starship fuel on the earth, again using water and atmospheric co2 and electricity to produce methane and oxygen (the oxygen comes from the water and the co2, and the hydrogen from the water combines with the carbon from the co2 to form methane)
In addition, the crane by the well site was just being assembled there, and long ago was transported to the launch site where it is being used. It was never intended for use at the wells, they just needed a large open area to assemble it.
So long term, SpaceX won't be using natural gas, and the method where you get oxygen from water is called electrolysis, while the diagram you showed on the screen was producing methane and oxygen,.
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@maskie4189 the pad got damaged on the first launch because Elon didn't want to wait for the water deluge system which was already under construction, and they knew it would sustain some damage, it was just more than expected. But they installed the deluge system and it works fine now.
The second launch had upgraded quite a few things that they learned from the first launch, and then they found several other issues that they improved on the third launch.
And all the issues are related to it being fully reusable, because the entire rocket is designed differently to achieve this goal. If they weren't going for reusability, the rocket would use composite tanks and simple engines and not need all this extra complexity.
And if they were not working on reusability, then the third launch would have been a success, because it launched and reached orbit just fine, it was on the reentry that it burned up, but guess what? Every other orbital class rocket before Falcon 9 also burned up on reentry!
And every second stage, even for F9, has also burned up, so it's only a failure to successfully reenter, the launch was a success.
In any case, SpaceX is pushing the envelope with the sole focus on making a reusable rocket, and they are doing it by launching rockets to test them, not waiting until they are positive it won't blow up, which is why they haven't bothered putting a payload on yet.
This lets them move faster because they aren't afraid to break things.
But the most important part of this, is that none of the failures have been identical, and each flight they have gone further and made more progress, and if they continue that trend, they will be reliably going to orbit before BO, and then start getting success recovering the rocket as well.
Remember, people were saying the exact same things about Falcon 9 when it started flying and blowing up, and now it's the only Human rated rocket in the US, and they are using reused rockets to launch astronauts, so while you may not like their design and testing methods, they are effective and they have a proven track record of being able to pull off things that people say are impossible.
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The thing that you failed to mention as you repeatedly complained that the world leader in EV innovation hadn't invested millions of dollars in upgrading every existing car to a new charging port, is that Tesla uses a "proprietary" connector, BECAUSE THEY WERE FIRST, and nd they attempted to get the industry to use the same connector as the standard, but certain other car companies hated Tesla, and so refused to use the standard, and developed their own competing standard.
By this time however, Tesla had lots of customers using the Tesla connector, and had invested billions into building out their Supercharger network, which is what has made worldwide EV adoption possible, because people see that it works if you build the infrastructure, which no car company wanted to do.
So now in order to change to the late comer standard, they would have to invest billions in upgrading the existing US Tesla fleet charge ports, home chargers, destination chargers and Superchargers to the new port, and do it all at once so that no customer with free lifetime charging got stranded at a Supercharger with the wrong port.
And if you think that someone with a $100k car is going to be happy having to use an adapter, you are wrong!
Also, most Tesla owners don't want the change, because one of the value added benefits of owning a Tesla is that you don't have to compete with all the other makes at a charging station.
You are part of a dedicated ecosystem that is expanded as needed as more Tesla's are sold, rather than having to fight for space with cars that don't contribute to the build out of more chargers.
It's kind of similar to why it's not likely the US will convert to metric, because it would cost billions of dollars to do, with very little benefit for the average person.
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@FreshGreenMoss you are wrong when you say keto doesn't give anyone a weight loss advantage.
I am an overworked truck driver, very rarely have time to get out of the truck, and with keto I can lose weight with basically no exercise.
I can't do that on a carb diet, because unless I am literally starving myself, my body will never burn the stored fat, because the insulin blocks the ketosis of fat, and as long as you eat carbs, the body produces insulin.
Keto is entering the state of ketosis, where the insulin levels drop low enough to allow the body to begin converting stored fat into energy, basically allowing you to burn fat as the primary energy source, rather than carbs as a primary energy source like most diets.
On a carb diet, you basically only burn fat when you exercise enough to burn through the blood sugar from eating carbs, and for a few minutes you get into ketosis and burn fat as the backup fuel, but then as soon as you snack on carbs it drink something with sugar in it, your insulin spikes and you stop burning fat.
When you fast, once the blood sugar drops, you start using body fat for energy, which is why you feel weak at first during a longer fast, but then you start feeling better and have more energy once the body stabilizes in ketosis.
But on keto, I can be sitting on my ass with a full stomach and still be losing weight, because my body is converting stored fat into energy to operate my body.
So yes, keto most definitely helps lose weight, because it opens the metabolic pathway to directly and constantly burn fat, and that's something no other diet can do.
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@ctdieselnut you don't understand what "it's the amps that kills you" means do you? Lol
I often get shocked on 12 volts working on car batteries, and there is a lot of amps there, but the voltage is barely high enough to feel, not enough to cause problems (usually... lol)
But when you take the voltage high enough to start penetrating deeper into the body, then it only takes a few milliamps to stop the heart.
By definition, a 600 volt power line will have plenty of amps to not only stop the heart, but barbecue it and turn you into a cloud of mist.
So in this case, the ampacity of the cable is not important for lethality, because it could be a wire the size of your hair, and still kill you at 600 volts.
Basically, a power line like that has essentially unlimited amps available, far above the milliamps that are needed to kill you, so it's not a question of the amp capacity, but the voltage.
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@trololoev sorry, but I have not heard Elon mention anything about Hyperloop for years, and he's never put any work into it.
Tesla energy is doing great, Tesla purchased Solar City and it's still installing equipment.
The Semi is not failed, it's delayed, but you will have to wait to see that I am correct.
The only issues they are having with Powerwalls is that they can't make them fast enough to sell to all the customers who want them, and that's because battery suppliers are not making batteries fast enough. That's not a failure! Lol
And the solar roof is getting installed as fast as they can make them, and gradually increasing in volume. Also not a failure.
Neuralink is just barely getting started, and about ready for human testing, so I don't know how you can say it failed.
But, if you are going to say that Starship will fail just like Powerwall failed, I guess I can accept that, because it means that Starship will be popular and in high demand too!
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@ΑΡΗΣΚΟΡΝΑΡΑΚΗΣ that's not an accurate claim lol
Long ago there was a piece of metal used to calibrate all measurements in the US, and one in France.
They both were constantly changing length slightly, and so the units were constantly diverging, so it was decided to use the more stable one as the reference for both.
So the US Customary system length units was based off the French Prototype, thus keeping it stable in relation to the Metric system, and so now we have a precise conversion factor between the two.
Since then however, both USC and metric are based off the speed of light, and various other Constants, so you can't even say that it's based off a piece of metal.
In any case, USC isn't, and never was, based on metric units.
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@ΑΡΗΣΚΟΡΝΑΡΑΚΗΣ nope, that's not correct.
An inch equals 25.4 mm, just as 25.4 mm equals an inch.
It's just two fixed points on a conversation chart, and the inch is no more defined by the mm than the degree F is defined by the Degree C, or how the distance to the moon can be measured in light years or metres.
The relationship between the inch and the mm was arrived at by comparing the two standards, measuring the master Yardstick with the Prototype Meter, and then measuring the Prototype Meter with the Master Yardstick, and they found the relationship between the two, and then locked the relationship to what it was that day (since the masters were always changing)
There was also a later adjustment made because the Imperial inch and the US Customary inch had diverged slightly, and so the US and the UK both shifted their inch slightly towards each other and met in the middle, which is how it arrived at 25.4, when it has previously had more decimals.
But that was done by the US and UK, not the SI, because the US is who defines the length of the inch, which is now based on the time light takes to travel in a vacuum, because the old metre prototype was too unreliable, constantly changing length.
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