Youtube comments of (@ZirothTech).

  1. Thanks for watching and sharing so many insightful comments! I will try and summarise points I see here for those interested (please reply to this comment with more details you have!) : - The carbon fibre was laid in one direction for the Titan, not a four axis weave pattern, which is much stronger - Carbon fibre hulls are better understood for single use applications - Other carbon pressure vessels (e.g. hydrogen tanks) have high pressure inside, instead of outside. This plays to the tensile strengths of carbon fibre, instead of relying on the compressive strength. - Although game controllers are used in the military, this is never for complete control of a manned vehicle (though they are often used for life-critical missions, such as bomb disposal). The game controller being wireless was also an added failure mode, however there may have been control available through other methods, such as the touch screens, if needed. - There was an inertial navigation system on the Titan, but this did not guide them toward the Titanic wreckage or give details on their surroundings. They were still reliant on the mothership for directions!
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  2. Thank you all for watching and the interesting comments, here are some points to address the main ones I have seen: - Great points about how this may be manufactured in the future, part of the economies of scale I mentioned could definitely include injection moulding or similar. - Durability is an interesting point and I would love to see how the blades fair in a 'crash test', they may also be harder to repair? Let me know your thoughts. - The gain in efficiency is 105% when compared to the original values (38% to 78%), it is true that absolute efficiency cannot be over 100%, but increases can be. Such as a company seeing a 200% increase in profits, for example. - Many saying that reduced cavitation may also reduce wear on the blades, making them last longer in boats. Great point that I didn't think of!
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  3. Just found the patent (US3504990A), wish I had found this before I made this video, very interesting! Thanks for sharing Alistair.
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  4. Thanks for all the support on this video! I really enjoy reading everyone's opinion on this new technology. However, PLEASE keep comments related to the video topic and not about personal opinions of China. Many thanks, Ryan!
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  5. INFORMATION: I stupidly forgot a key detail, which is the cells are thinner than usual, this means the surface area per volume of the cell is higher, and heat from the centre of the cell can escape quicker. Sorry for any confusion!
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  6. Thanks for having us on Matt! It was a great adventure getting to the bottom of this 😀
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  7. Been T1 diabetic for 20 years now and it’s always fun to follow these advancements (with realistic expectations) - real time digital glucose monitoring is probably the most life changing thing I’ve experienced. Great work and super interesting history too, I’ll refer to my urine when I have high blood sugar as honey going forward 😂
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  8. The advantages are the thrust vectoring (and noise reduction), which is why it can be useful in marine applications (and the others I mentioned) - but I personally think it may not add much advantage in practise for aviation. These are still really awesome propellers, and I'm sure the design of them will help other fields. Sorry this wasn't the conclusion you wanted!
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  9. Definitely, I put some footage of a bigger turbines (that uses the same method of generation) which look pretty deadly - my thought was the smaller/lighter ones would not crush the fish! My bad for not being clear with this! Thanks for the comment :D
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  10. I was annoyed not to get this information too, I reached out to MAHLE a few times and even spoke to a rep at the CES tradeshow, but didn't get any replies via email and the rep didn't know. Apologies that information was missing!
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  11. Thanks for all the great comments and discussions in the comments - I have been learning a lot from reading them all. One common point is the use of helium-3, I probably should have mentioned it in the video, but the reason I did not is because I wanted to focus on the 'mainstream' fusion pipeline. The only company I have seen looking into this is Helion, which although is an interesting project, they are currently planning to create their helium-3 from D-D reactions, which I need to look into further. The other option is of course helium-3 on the moon, but I need to look into this more and it was diverting away from the key points I wanted to make in this video! Watching out for a future video comparing all the types of fuel we could use for nuclear fusion!
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  12. What future do you see for bionic drone wings? Also, upgrade your browsing with Opera at https://opr.as/Ziroth ! And don't miss out on Planet Wild's projects at https://planetwild.com/ziroth/dolphin, you can check out their latest documentary here too: https://www.planetwild.com/ziroth/8.
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  13. Just updated it! It's such a hard balance trying to find a title that makes people want to click vs sounding over hyped. Especially when there are so many hours spent on a video! Thanks for the feedback as always though :D (I do still stand by the fact that this is an insanely cool fuel cell!)
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  14. Awful to see the authorities stopping access to such a great natural resource!
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  15. That's a great point, maybe they should have used the kelvin scale
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  16. I have changed the title to 'big problem' so hopefully it feels more accurate as a title! I originally went for 'one of fusion's biggest problems', but it was too long so I cut it down and clearly lost the true meaning of it. Hopefully you feel I have listened to your feedback, thanks for watching!
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  17. Quick correction: I said that lift is due to forces from the pressure difference and from the downward flow of air - however these are not separate forces, the redirection of air and pressure differences are part of the same thing!
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  18. Sleep is unbelievably important, so make sure yours is the best with Eight Sleep! Use my link https://www.eightsleep.com/ziroth or code 'Ziroth' for $200 / £200 off! If you see any other interesting engineering projects that you want me to make a video on, please let me know. This one was really interesting to explore!
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  19. Thanks for all the great comments - I was torn about using ‘efficiency’ or COP, but efficiency is widely used in the industry and is much more understandable for potential video viewers, so I went for that and tried to explain it in the video! For anyone interested, Adam’s average COP for December has been 4.62!! (462%) which is crazy high.
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  20. It's great to see how the partnership with Rimac is giving Bugatti an extra charge! Check out Onshape for FREE: https://Onshape.pro/Ziroth - It's my go to CAD software and I promise you won't regret giving it a try. Some great comments here adding to the video, here is a summary: 1) Correction at 2:34 - This is not an exponential growth it is a curve with an exponent of 2 (quadratic) - I loosely and inaccurately used the phrase here! 2) The paper at 8:00 uses Celsius to report a percentage drop, which isn't very useful as it's a relative term. 3) I compared RPM as all the motors have similar geometry (automotive size) - but really this forgets the importance of the radius (which needs to be large enough to get some torque from the motor)
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  21. Thanks for the detailed comment! To build on the response from Rondo, the reason the efficiency is so high is because inefficiencies usually come in the form of waste heat, however as this is a thermal battery, heat is what we are after! Therefore the heating elements are nearly 100% efficient, and as we require heat at the output there are no conversion losses there - all the losses come from heat loss, which is tightly controlled through dynamic and static insultation throughout the system! In summary, the fact energy is stored in the form we need it (heat) means it is very efficient, and there are very few conversion losses.
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  22. Nature truely is the best engineer - Let me know if you've seen any other cool bio-inspired engineering you want a deep dive on! And check out Onshape for FREE: https://Onshape.pro/Ziroth - You won't regret giving it a try!
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  23. This breakthrough is what happens when engineers look at a problem at a system level! Amazing work. Also, don't forget to check out the interactive courses from Brilliant! Use my link at https://brilliant.org/ziroth/ for 30 days FREE and 20% off a subscription!
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  24. Thanks for watching, it's been great to learn about a technology that is both mature and new in two different applications. Don't forget to get started in Onshape for FREE: https://Onshape.pro/Ziroth​ - You won't regret giving it a try!
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  25. In batteries seem like the best place for it! Haha
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  26. If you enjoyed this video, you're going to love the interactive courses from Brilliant! Use my link at https://brilliant.org/ziroth/ for 30 days FREE and 20% off for the first 200 subscribers! Do you know of any other real places the Fibonacci sequence appears?
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  27. There is a lot of incredible engineering packed into this, I'd love to hear your thoughts on it! Also, don't forget to check out Onshape for FREE: https://Onshape.pro/Ziroth - You won't regret giving it a try!
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  28. Thanks for all the feedback, there seems to be a few questions about the reinforcement learning, and I feel like I should have given more detail as I perhaps oversimplified it for the sake of the video - so here is a little more information! Given experiences during the training process, the reinforcement learning system learns how to predict what reward it will receive from a given action (such as changing a magnets strength). Therefore, when it is operating in the real world it can predict what action will give it the highest reward value and choose that. Therefore, it is not so much rewarded or punished like we think of it, but it learns how to make decisions that maximise the predicted reward of its action. In this sence, a punishment is more the absence of a reward. This is a pretty tricky concept to make a short video or comment about, so I recommend watching the MIT lecture I have linked in the description if you are interested! Thanks, Ryan (Ziroth) 😀
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  29. It has been really interesting making this video and consulting with experts to learn more about combustion engine technology, I look forward to hearing everyone's thoughts! Also, don't forget to make the most of your 80,000 hours and learn how to have the most fulfilling career you can, at http://80000hours.org/ziroth !
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  30. Upgrade your browsing experience today with Opera using my link https://opr.as/Opera-browser-zirothtech ! Quick clarification from the intro - flywheel cannot be used to control a satellites altitude (height as I call it), but just the attitude (orientation)
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  31. One point I forgot to mention was the testing RheEnergise have done to show their new breakthrough doesn't significantly increase wear the turbines either! If you enjoyed this video, you're going to love the interactive courses from Brilliant! Use my link at https://brilliant.org/ziroth/ for 30 days FREE and 20% off a subscription!
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  32. Thanks everyone for watching, here are some additional points to compliment what was said in the video: - The hydro turbine is planned to work along side other more intermittent renewable energy, such as wind or solar, to provide base load & reliable power! - Some 'screening' would likely need to be done for debris or mammals, however this is much less intrusive, expensive, and inefficient than fish screening.
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  33. The shot at 7:38 really got me laughing Matt - I want to see an extended version of you taking it out for a walk round your local park 😂
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  34. Hi Guys, Ryan here! Thanks for watching, I enjoyed going down this solar lens rabbit hole and was really surprised at how some of them managed to increase solar energy production! Also, make sure to go check the awesome work from my friends at Planet Wild as they restoring our natural world: Deep sea clean-up: www.planetwild.com/ziroth/2 Resurrection of a dying forest: www.planetwild.com/ziroth/3
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  35. Do you think airborne wind will take off? Thanks to SurfShark for making this video possible. Go to https://surfshark.com/ziroth for an extra 4 months Surfshark.
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  36. Now there is an idea 💡 🤔
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  37. Thank you for your kind words! It's always hard to know the timeline of research to implementation - but with the media attention on this I would hope funding pots would be open to take this to the next level. Potentially a spin-off from the universities will put this into action in the next few years!
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  38. Thanks for watching! Don't forget, the first 100 people to use code ZIROTH at the link below will get 60% off of Incogni: https://incogni.com/ziroth ! Just realised I put some footage of a bigger turbines (that uses the same method of generation) which look pretty deadly and didnt give context - my thought was the smaller/lighter ones would not crush the fish! My bad for not being clear with this!
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  39. Thanks for the feedback - I definitely take this feedback seriously. The sponsor had no say over any portion of the video apart from where explicitly stated, and I was really interested in covering SMRs. I don't want to undermine the science in the video by too closely integrating the sponsor into a video so I will do better next time.
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  40. When in doubt.. Turbo
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  41. Thanks for your comment! I did not claim scientists are hiding the tritium problem, they are in fact very clear in the literature. However, some company CEOs, for example, have given many talks which I feel are being dishonest towards the challenges that need to be overcome. From what I have read D-T fusion is basically the only way we will get to commercial fusion given the challenges of other types; however, I may be wrong there. Tritium breeding reactors could definitely have a place, but there are some challenges as it is a tightly controlled government material - but I will have to look into it further! The reason I didn't mention it in the video is because it doesn't seem to be the preferred method from what I can see! Cheers :D
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  42. Thanks for watching! Don't forget to get started in Onshape for FREE: https://Onshape.pro/Ziroth​ - You won't regret giving it a try!
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  43. It was a surprise to me too, a longer pursuit than fusion 😅
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  44. Great work as always! After speaking with a somewhat similar company (Rondo Energy) it opened my eyes to the world of industrial heating needs. I asked them at the time about phase change materials (PCM), due to the high specific heat capacity available, but they said it was less suited to their applications due to the higher temperatures they operate at (1000K +). Really interesting to see a company combining the advantages of bricks and PCMs! I am interested to see what portion of MGA's use cases will be for electrical vs thermal power output - Rondo were very focused on thermal output (mainly for cement), but I guess if the renewable power is really surplus to requirement this cheap 30% storage efficiency can make sense. It just strikes me that we are better off trying to load shift applications where possible, but I always welcome as many solutions to a problem as possible at the end of the day! The direct use of heat is also just very satisfying due to the cheap 95%+ round trip efficiencies it offers!
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  45. Thanks to Anker for supporting this video! Check out the Anker SOLIX X1 and request a free quote at https://ankerfast.club/ZirothWithX1 ! I have put chapters in the video in case you want to skip around. Where do you see this innovation being best used?
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  46. Thanks Ricky! Exactly, I think this could be a dark horse! CATL have spent more time than anyone on solid state, so I trust them when they take a new direction! 💯
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  47. It will be very interesting to see it play out for sure! So hard to know if/when/how all the challenges will be solved
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  48. Thanks to SSAB for supporting this video, learn more about their #FossilFreeSteel here: http://bit.ly/3EIl2fW! Also, make sure to post any questions or comments about anything in this video for the upcoming livestream. Cheers!
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  49. Ahaha yea I did undersell that a bit... 😅
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  50. Are we swimming towards the future with this, one pulse at a time... or is it a big flop? Don't forget to check out Onshape for FREE: https://Onshape.pro/Ziroth - You won't regret it!
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  51. Play the incredible War Thunder game and click my link and claim your extra bonuses: https://playwt.link/ziroth Will these new innovations in the world of contra-rotating propellers bring them back to more applications?
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  52. I wanted to focus on the fuel cell here as hydrogen storage has been covered many times before - but there may be follow up videos on the other developments in ZeroAvias power train to come!
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  53. I am glad you enjoyed, thank you for your kind words! I agree it is well discussed within the literature, however there seems to be less discussed in the mainstream - especially if you watch some TedTalks from CEOs of new fusion startups you could leave thinking there is no fueling concerns whatsoever! It would be great to chat to you about future fusion projects I have - could you send me an email (its on my channel about page) if you would be interested! Cheers :D
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  54. Thanks for the feedback - I definitely take this feedback seriously. The sponsor had no say over any portion of the video apart from where explicitly stated, and I was really interested in covering SMRs. I don't want to undermine the science in the video by too closely integrating the sponsor into a video so I will do better next time.
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  55. Very engaging video! I am interested if 3d printing could help produce more intricate solid electrolyte topologies, as this has been seen to help create a better interface between ceramic electrolytes and the electrodes (this interface is the biggest challenge for solid state batteries in my opinion). Also, I would be interested to know more about how much waste is saved using 3d printing, as batteries are not made like other components using CNC machines (which is where 3d printing as a replacement really shines). I have always used 3d printing as a prototype method and seen it more for bespoke or low volume products, so I will be looking out for it's application in mass manufacturing!
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  56. Secure your privacy with Surfshark! Enter coupon code Ziroth for an extra 4 months free at https://surfshark.deals/ziroth
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  57. I decided not to go into depth about the pros/cons of nuclear as many other videos have done it! In short, it has one of the lowest death rates and CO2 emissions per unit of energy produced, despite notable accidents that caused deaths and tragedy. This does not mean it is the best energy source (there is no such thing!), but from the data, it is much better than oil, gas, and coal, in my opinion! Thanks for watching :D
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  58. Great point, I didn't think of that!
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  59. It did give me a chuckle I can't lie! 😅
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  60. I can imagine it would be a lot nicer to drive in for hours and hours on end!
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  61. Protect yours and your families privacy and support the channel by getting 20% off DeleteMe at https://joindeleteme.com/Ziroth
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  62. Thank you, it was pretty all consuming at the end, but proud of what I achieved! I'll definitely make a video about it after the viva.
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  63. ​@tonywilson4713 thanks for your comment on this Tony. I am definitely on a learning process and happy to be corrected on things. I think humility is an important thing that many people forget! It's not normal for a young engineer to have millions of people seeing their mistakes every month! 😅
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  64. These drones just got more and more interesting the more I learnt about them! Make sure to try out some of the courses from Brilliant to learn more about the inner workings of engineering systems like these drones - Use my link at https://brilliant.org/ziroth/ for 30 days FREE and 20% off for the first 200 subscribers! Thanks for watching!!
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  65. Super insightful video. I wonder who is happiest?
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  66. I think its referring to the single unit that it is formed from, which they say helps reduce manufacturing costs. Lots of footage of their prototypes in the video! I agree though - CGI always looks easier than reality!
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  67. Sign up for your FREE daily newsletter from MorningBrew: https://morningbrewdaily.com/ziroth - Stay up to date on interesting science and business news, without wasting time by aimlessly scrolling.
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  68. Great point! There were not LCOE figures available, partly because only one of the shown designs is actually commercialised. I image the LCOE would be pretty poor for the Liam F1 Archimedes turbine if you brought it from the manufacturer, but the design is pretty simple so I wonder if there are benefits in the DIY space! Thanks for the comment!
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  69. There is a lot of history behind the air engine, but after hearing about the MDI story, I thought it was worth focusing on! Also, don't forget to get started with Onshape for FREE: https://Onshape.pro/Ziroth - You won't regret giving it a try!
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  70. What do you think is the future for SMRs? Thanks again to Uranium Royalty Corp (UROY) for sponsoring a portion of this video. Check out their website at https://www.uraniumroyalty.com/ !
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  71. Added a correction in the pinned comment! Cheers, Ryan
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  72. Yes this is a great point, thanks for clarifying this! I probably should have chosen a different image!
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  73. Hi, thanks for your comment! However, this video focuses on a very different type of ion propulsion than the video by Real Engineering, and as of writing this comment I can find no other video on YouTube talking about it in any technical detail (which is why I made this video). The only overlap was we both briefly explained the 'standard' ion propulsion to give context to the technology we were explaining. The ion propulsion focused on in the real engineering video was instead from the research by MIT, the system I explained had not even been published when they made their video! I hope this clears up the confusion and have a good day!
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  74. I’m sorry it feels this way - Partners like Anker help pay for my teams salaries and keep a roof over my head, there is no way I could support myself (let alone anyone else) on YouTube revenue alone! And in case it wasn’t clear, HeatGeek had no involvement with this video apart from the interview. They are just doing really great work in my opinion that I was excited to share. Is there any way you would prefer to see sponsors incorporated into videos in the future? Cheers, Ryan
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  75. I think the problem here is that we could have tritium supply issues before we reach D-D fusion, which is extremely difficult and will take a long time! I will be making a video soon about different fuels for fusion and what the experts think about them! Thanks for your comment!
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  76. This is true, however now they have a proof of concept design, they are looking at lower energy methods to start the fusion reaction - there is more detail in the source article in the description. One idea they are investigating id using an isotopic neutron source to get the first neutron. Thanks for your comment!
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  77. Unlock content and upgrade your security with Private Internet Access at https://www.piavpn.com/Ziroth for 83% off and 4 extra months FREE! Thanks for the comments so far, here are some points to hopefully clear up some things: - This liquid would not be 'used up' after discharge, it can be recharged either in or out of the video with (clean) electricity - This technology is not any more favorable to big oil companies than current batteries are - Great points about the issues of extra moving parts, this does add an extra failure point and would make this less attractive for passenger vehicles - I think the main use case could be for large utility or airborne vehicles where current batteries are not feasible - There are more details in the sources about the composition of the liquids, but they are relatively well understood at lab scales (nothing magic!)
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  78. What do you guys think about this turbine? I'm interested in all your thoughts! Also, check out the incredible AMD Threadripper Pro 7000 WX-Series Processors here: https://amd.chrd.ly/Ziroth #ad
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  79. I hope so!
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  80. Thats crazy! I think its hard to appricate the impact of things until you see it for you self. Thanks for sharing.
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  81. Sorry the credit wasn't clear in the corner - It's an automatic layer and I should have changed the colour of!
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  82. Yes! I was thinking these would be great for boats, but I didn't know about the current use of reverse osmosis.
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  83. Awesome content man, keep it up!
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  84. Great coverage as always Matt! I was (and still am!) very excited about the NIF breakthrough, but more as it relates to current science rather than fusion energy production. The focus on NIF (from what I understand) is more around nuclear security, not energy. This is why my eyes are still mainly on the other big players in fusion energy, with Helion, CFS, and ITER being high on the list!
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  85. Great point, there will be a lot of energy to get back for sure!
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  86. I just had a look at this, absolutely crazy!
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  87. Thanks man, I couldn't believe it either!
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  88. It's crazy how quickly the channel is growing!
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  89. Great spot, I just removed that phrase as it was incorrect! I must have got mixed up with it being more efficient than an inductive motor (mentioned later in the video). Thanks!
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  90. This is a great point! I personally think it would be very hard to make the energy from this device cheap enough to compete with other systems like solar/wind/gas - but I would love to be proven wrong on that and I am keeping an eye on any news from the Chinese project!
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  91. Visit http://brilliant.org/Ziroth/ to get started learning STEM for free, and the first 200 people will get 20% off their annual premium subscription. To be clear, this is NOT an April Fools joke! I should have realised it was a bad idea posting this video on April the 1st, but never mind! This is very real and there is a link to more information in the description. Thanks for watching this video, please like and subscribe to the channel for more low carbon focused tech breakthroughs and projects!
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  92. These words mean more than you think! Thank you 🙏
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  93. This is a great question - I stupidly completely forgot to mention that it is because they are really thin (13mm), meaning that they have greater surface area per volume of cell, and heat doesn't have to travel as far from the centre of the cell to the outside. This should have been in the video, sorry!!
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  94. Thanks for your kind words! And thanks for spotting that, my bad! I will try put a correction into the video :D
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  95. Great thought
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  96. Go to https://ground.news/ziroth to stay fully informed on breaking news, compare coverage, and avoid media bias. Sign up for FREE or subscribe for unlimited access to support their mission. Let me know if you see any other interesting uses of the toroidal design!
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  97. Very interesting point, I could definitely see this being something they will need to put a lot of thought into
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  98. Hi, sorry I didn't reference your original video, this was a small project video that I didn't expect to get so much attention and I am now making sure to reference all the videos (even though as you said it is under fair use). I have put a link to your video in the description now, keep up the amazing work with the electric ducted fans! - Ryan
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  99. Thanks for watching! It would be great to hear your thoughts on shape-shifting wings and maybe where you think they will become mainstream first? Also, if you want to design your own or anything else you can dream up, check out OnShape CAD for FREE at my link: https://onshape.pro/Ziroth Here is an example of an online CAD file (it's really cool): https://cad.onshape.com/documents/5783cd9799b63cd7f8947218/w/988f55476c062d8d941744b3/e/97a09d6ab5c5c33b321c16d7?renderMode=0&uiState=63f4ef77e21f2e1671fc307a
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  100. Do you think electric vehicles need longer ranges, or are current batteries powering us far enough? Thanks for watching!
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  101. Thanks for watching this video on quantum battery storage! This one is possibly the least mature technology I have ever made a video on, but I think it's always interesting to hear about projects at all stages.
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  102. I appreciate the constructive criticism, I agree it could have had more detail, but it takes a long time to try and research into areas I am not an expert in! Thanks for the comment!
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  103. Sorry this wasn't clear, it is for energy storage so the inital power comes from an external energy source which pumps the fluid up, then it releases the fluid when it needs the energy. The fact the system can deliver 2.5 times the energy and power for a like-for-like water hydro system means it can be more cost effective, or a smaller system can be used for the same application
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  104. This is a great point, thanks for commenting it! I wonder what would be the best way to solve this - either highly reinforced roofs (sounds expensive) or some kind of pitching/retracting of the aerofoils to reduce drag when the wind is too strong 🤔
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  105. Cheer for watching bro :D yea that's a great point actually, would be interested to see a 'crash test', may be harder to repair small bits of damage too
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  106. Thanks for pointing this out, I can't believe I missed this (tried to rush things..!) - I have taken that bit out of the video and will make a comment of it as a pinned comment via the YouTube editor which will update shortly.
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  107. Stupid mistake by me here! I read about attitude in my research, misread it as altitude, and then said height... a chain reaction of errors haha
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  108. Great point!
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  109. My bad, I will try edit in a correction. Thanks!
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  110. Hi, this has nothing to do with views of China. It is because, while they are improving a lot, most of their electricity is from fossil fuels, making the CO2 emissions for electricity over 3x more than somewhere like UK! This is important as 80% or so of the emissions from making batteries is due to electricity use. I hope this clears it up! Thanks :D
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  111. I hadn't seen that before, looks like it will be even less of a problem then!
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  112. Haha, that sounds more like a hair dryer! The difference here is how hot the air gets (1200K) because it is turned into plasma
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  113. Completely forgot about golf balls, I was so deep into the tubercles research! This is definitely interesting, I'll get digging and see if there is more interesting things to learn on the topic of dimples
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  114. The death rates of nuclear are among the lowest of all energy sources, including all these terrible incidents. I had more of a discussion of this in the video draft, but it took away from the point of the video and there are many other good videos discussing it in detail!
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  115. Sounds like you didn't watch the video haha
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  116. Great point! I think this is at point of use, as that doesn't account for transportation costs - similarly to how micro electricity generation can be cheaper at point of use, even though it might cost more than a unit of electricity from a wind farm!
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  117. I agree with both of you here, Helion is much more promising for energy generation than NIF (they are more focused on nuclear weapons testing I think), however ITER is still highly valuable for answering the research questions needed for commercial tokamaks
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  118. Exactly! :D
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  119. Great insight as always Rosie :D It is often easy to look at projects short term and not consider how useful they will be as part of the bigger picture. Many clean energy projects could benefit from doing a 'minimal viable product' to test technical challenges much earlier than they currently are!
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  120.  @professorWho-n3x definitely not, I know I have a very educated audience - it doesn’t reflect on anyone’s intelligence to not know an acronym (e.g. COP)
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  121. Thanks for your kind words!
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  122. Great point, thanks for the info!
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  123. This is a great point, I touched on this briefly at the end of the video! I think we shouldn't be using this breakthrough to increase their brightness, but instead reduce the amount of energy needed for the same amount of light (or in fact less light in many places!).
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  124. Thank you!
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  125. Yea for large construction projects the cranes would probably be worth the hassle for this reason, but for smaller jobs or emergency applications I could imagine these having their uses
    6
  126. Thanks for watching! Let me know about any other interesting biomimicry projects you've seen! Also, thanks to Opera for supporting this video. Check out Opera Browser with VPN and AI here: https://opr.as/Ziroth !
    6
  127. Good spot, I meant to say it grows by an exponent, not exponentially!
    6
  128. Thanks Ullin, I have just created a twitter account with the handle @ZirothYT, it would be hugely appreciated if you share my videos around!
    6
  129. Exactly! I always love to see nature and bio inspired design
    6
  130. The short answer is none, the long and more interesting answer is the topic of a video I am currently planning! :D
    5
  131. This is a great point, but the big grids needed to stop large logs and mammals are much easier, cheaper, and slow water less than fish screens - I should have mentioned that!
    5
  132. Thanks for your comment! I agree there was a lack of detail in parts of the paper! I also imagine there is a lot of room for improving the efficiency too, I will be interested to see what other researchers or industry players do with this!
    5
  133. Thanks a lot, more videos to come!
    5
  134. Thanks for your comment! Interesting to get a locals perspective, they did all look pretty unattractive on Google maps 😂
    5
  135. I should have made this clearer! Great points. The important part is that it can achieve high speeds with a significant radius (which is needed to achieve the required torques)
    5
  136. Great perspective, from what I understand they need to find a way to make reusing the spent uranium cheaper than using virgin uranium, then hopefully recycling the waste will be much more common
    5
  137. That is one of my all time goals, so lets hope so! Thanks for the support!
    5
  138. This was referring to the old propellers from Cyclotech, as their new version has 200% the thrust-to-weight ratio. However, I now realise I didn't say that in the video! 😅I have changed this now to better represent the video! Thanks for the commment
    5
  139. I have been looking at metal hydride storage recently actually, I should have mentioned it here - Maybe a future video! I agree, fuel cells are more efficient, but for high altitude and high speed flight propellers are not very efficient, so you end up doing better using a hydrogen turbine, from what I have read! Thanks for the comment Mark.
    5
  140. The graphs of it containing the plasma are from the real reactor, sorry that wasn't made clear
    5
  141. Thank you! Always try to find a good balance 😀
    5
  142. Great video Rosie! Loved the analogy and glad to see the video is doing so well given all the time this must have taken :D
    5
  143. I removed this section as it was a mistake - I was meant to be referring to it being more efficient than an induction motor but had it in the wrong section of the script! Thanks for pointing it out - Ryan.
    5
  144. ​ @onebronx I didn't notice that, the animation is from another source, but I will try sense check these things in the future
    5
  145. This looks like a good rabbit hole for me to start going down! Cheers 😀
    5
  146. Bersheck is exactly right, the load factor accounts for night time! Thanks for your comment :D
    4
  147. Ahaha they had loads of GTA footage of the car and thought I could use it as good B-roll !
    4
  148. Thanks for your great comment! The LCOS doesn't account for cost of power, just for the storage of energy! I would also love to see some life cycle carbon footprint analysis of these technologies, they say they are using old concrete and recycling it, so maybe that would help their case? But I definitely agree local mass produced storage is likely one of the best options, for me, i think vehicle to grid storage is going to be vital as most people will have huge batteries parked on their driveway soon!
    4
  149. To show off in front of people on a drag strip I expect! It is definitely a pointless feature, but I found it quite interesting ahaha!
    4
  150. Your builds are some of the best I've seen for sure, super impressive work I left your video in the description, but I regret not mentioning it in the video. It was really amazing to watch
    4
  151. Thanks for the kind words!
    4
  152. Ahaha, I should have realised posting this on April the 1st was a bad idea! Thanks for your comment, I really think this is a huge discovery and thought it deserved more attention! It is definitely a while away, but could have some interesting applications.
    4
  153.  @LabGecko  I have a very interesting video on flow batteries (including VRFBs) in the works! :D
    4
  154. I have been doing a lot of research into them for a few months and am excited by what I see! I expect I will do a video about them when I think there is something unique I can add to the conversation!
    4
  155. These are actually on my list of things to look into! Hopefully a video on these will be underway soon
    4
  156. Haha I agree 😂 a great attitude for sure
    4
  157. Yea that is a really good idea!
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  158. There was a bit of text on that video to clarify this was for systems on the vessels, not the whole sub. Sorry this wasn't clearer!
    4
  159. Great insight. Thanks!
    4
  160. Ah crap my bad! Cheers for spotting that
    4
  161. I'll do some research and see if there is interesting things for a future video 😀
    4
  162. This is a great point, definitely something I want to make a video about!
    4
  163. Exactly! Increased efficiency in solar panels could make a big difference over the next decade :D
    4
  164. Very true, the best we have at the minute is circular economy principles - but we are a long long way from anything close to zero carbon (if we ever get there!)
    4
  165. Here is a quote from their scientific paper: "TCV (the reactor) is equipped with several real-time sensors and our control policies use a subset of these sensors. In particular, we use 34 of the wire loops that measure magnetic flux, 38 probes that measure the local magnetic field and 19 measurements of the current in active control coils (augmented with an explicit measure of the difference in current between the ohmic coils). In addition to the magnetic sensors, TCV is equipped with other sensors that are not available in real time, such as the cameras." I hope this helps!
    4
  166. Great video as always! I actually just started writing a script for a video about these too 😅 Hopefully I can come at it from a different angle and still add something to the conversation!
    4
  167. Very true! A world working together is always a better one, for people and innovation
    4
  168. Glad you found it useful! Video on electricity generation in the works which I think you might find interesting! :D
    4
  169. This could be a video if people are interested! The main idea is to use a cooling circuit on the outer walls to heat a fluid, which then heats water to turn a steam turbine - but there is much more to it than that I am sure!
    4
  170. I have added a link in the description to MIT's great video about reinforcement learning which gives much more details! Unfortunately, it is a complex topic that is very difficult to explain accurately in a short pop-science video! I hope you find this source useful :D
    4
  171. Thanks for pointing this out, I can't believe I missed this (tried to rush things..!) - I have taken that bit out of the video and will make a comment of it as a pinned comment via the YouTube editor which will update shortly.
    4
  172. Looks very interesting! Can't wait to see more about it, interesting to see a plane use hydrogen both as a combustion fuel and to store electrical power
    4
  173. Thanks David! I learnt a lot whilst making this
    4
  174. I have a Bachelor's degree in Renewable Energy Engineering, a Master's degree in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering and I am currently studying for a PhD in Mechanical Engineering, specifically low carbon automotive propulsion :)
    4
  175. And cut to length 🤣
    4
  176. I should have made this clearer! Graphene has weak bonds between each layer, kind of like stacks of 2D honeycombs. This new carbon structure has strong bonds between each layer, making it like a 3D honeycomb! Hope this clears it up
    4
  177. 5MW is a lot of power, but very doable! Also, as I said, I imagine 3 is a reasonable number initially but over time this will increase. 50,000lb of cargo would put the average truck and trailer (35,000lb) over the limit. I agree though, I am also yet to see it hauling very large amounts, but even if it could only haul 30,000lb (I think it will be nearer 40,000 lb) it would still be very useful for many trucking operations! Thanks for your comment :D
    3
  178. Great video as always Rosie, very jealous you got to drive around the polestar! Loved the combination of engineering information with the story of your trips and real world challenges of the charging network. Also, you have very interestingly named placed in Australia!
    3
  179. Thank you for your comment, I agree that I have not covered many details which are important to the practical implementation of geothermal. I should have done more background reading as these are all very interesting and would have improved the video!
    3
  180. Thank you Muhammad, making these videos is a real passion, so the views are an added bonus :D
    3
  181. Very true, you would need to use renewable energy and create the plane with circular economy principles to get close to 'zero carbon'. The renewable energy isn't too much of a problem, but the creation of the plane is still a big challenge!
    3
  182. Ahaha I had thought the same, I nearly put a clip in of a dovetail joint, I should have done it!
    3
  183. Cheers, I hope so too! Though it has been amazing even to have the one video blow up and get this channel going!
    3
  184. Loved the tornado demonstration Ricky 😀
    3
  185.  @lito11111940  Would love to see someone work on this! Expect a video if I see any thing.
    3
  186. Great idea, always good to have multiple uses for a system!
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  187.  @peterdore2572  That is really useful feedback, I will do that in the future! Thanks :D
    3
  188. Appreciate the kind words! Thank you :D
    3
  189. Thanks, I'll check it out!
    3
  190. Great point, I imagine they would angle at the correct angle as the ines in the render would be very poorly placed 😂 thanks for the comment! :D
    3
  191. Kinetic energy, these are then caught by a blanket on the outside of the reactor and the kinetic energy is captured as heat in a cooling fluid. Hope that helps!
    3
  192. Definitely!
    3
  193. I liked his video, but also agree with LMT, he had the right idea but I felt like there was more to the story of this technology to explore!
    3
  194. I agree 100%!
    3
  195.  @AliothAncalagon  You're obviously entitled to your own opinions. This is the most mainstream form of fusion (tokamak D-T), not a niche cherry picked method. These issues are real and an interesting area of research in the scientific literature that I felt wasn't getting the mainstream attention it deserved. Thanks for your feedback though.
    3
  196. Haha that is very true, definitely still in the research phases at the minute
    3
  197. That sounds awesome, I think there will be a lot of interesting technologies over the next 25 years! I have a few videos on the future of aerospace planned for future videos!
    3
  198. Thanks for the clarification!
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  199. My pleasure!
    3
  200. The research team has urged industry to continue with the project, but I think it will be quite some time before this is seen in any 'real world' applications!
    3
  201. Thanks for the long term support!
    3
  202. Great point, the key difference is that these are much thinner than prismatic cells, meaning they dont get as hot in the middle of the cell, allowing higher C-rates - but even 2C is roughly high enough for fast charging (70kWh pack could charge at 140kW)
    3
  203.  @kevinwillis6707  Great point! I haven't seen any life cycle assessments on it, but I bet that is true.
    3
  204. Very interesting! You learn something new every. It is used a lot in England as an expression to mean it looks strange, maybe this grammatical incorrect idiom isn't used around the world!
    3
  205. The propellers wouldnt be able to generate enough power to make it worth the extra drag, so it is better to fold them up!
    3
  206. Cheers bro, appreciate the kind words ❤️
    3
  207. Thank you, I'm excited top get out 'in the wild' more often! I have a few tidal projects I want to cover soon too, I think it's an awesome sector.
    3
  208. Glad you enjoyed it! I appreciate the kind words
    3
  209. No they really have improved the efficiency by 500% (5 times) by using distributed electric propulsion, there is a link in the discription to the NASA website with more info!
    3
  210. There are lots of great breakthroughs happening all the time right now, hopefully it won't be long till something makes it to commercialisation!
    3
  211. I try to balance background for context with new information. The new information here is the use of lattice confinement.
    3
  212. Thanks for watching! I saw some videos of their crash testing and it looked pretty impressive!
    3
  213. I only noticed this after uploading it, my bad! I will add a correction to the pinned comment, thanks for pointing it out :D
    3
  214. Thank you Naman!
    3
  215. It definitely has a different look, but I quite like it!
    3
  216. Seems like the composite shell should help protect against this. I also wonder if they use a sacrificial anode like they do with boats 🤔
    3
  217. Glad you enjoyed the video! Thanks for the kind comment :D
    3
  218. Thank you for the kind words John!
    3
  219. Thanks, I will check it out!
    3
  220. They define it as one because it is all made as a single continuous unit, then mounted in the middle
    3
  221. Great point, it seems from the dye experiment that it benefits from drawing in outside air - and ducted fans mostly get rid of tip vortices anyway from what I have heard
    2
  222. That's for the feedback! I was recovering from the flu as I filmed this and it definitely came across, next time I'll go for more energy!
    2
  223. Apparently they are planning to use old waste concrete, but from what I know concrete is quite plentiful, but has quite high emissions when its made!
    2
  224.  @Mobeone  There is a small belt under the intake which I believe it powering it from the engine shaft
    2
  225. Yes these are great points. I definitely don't think NIF's main concern is fusion energy generation (I should have mentioned that in the video!) - However, this achievement is great for the fusion community as a whole I think :D Thanks for your comment!
    2
  226. Thanks for the kind words!
    2
  227. It's just the British pronunciation 😂
    2
  228. There is a decent amount of crossover, but apparently this motor and battery pack was built from the ground up just for the bugatti!
    2
  229. I have been working on a similar video for a while now with some similar conclusions! Would be interested on your thoughts when it's up!
    2
  230. Thanks for your comment, to be clear, this is not a paid advertisement. I have received no payment in any form from Rondo. The last example is not the planned use case but shows an interesting possibility that high temperature storage can be economical for many different use cases. In the example, the output would of course be merged with cool fluids to bring it down to the correct levels before distribution.
    2
  231. I haven't hear of that before, sounds interesting! Seems like bio/living fibres have a lot of uses, probably many of which are yet to be discovered!
    2
  232. I actually have a video that discusses a new jet engine design, but it is a long way off being used in aircrafts! - The closest we currently have are called electric ducted fans (EDFs) which direct the airflow more like a jet! Thanks for the comment :D
    2
  233. Very true, I clarify this later in the video, but agree I should have worded this intro differently!
    2
  234.  @tonywilson4713  Thanks for the insights, that is really interesting. The comment about aerobatic planes was definitely said a bit off the cuff without much thought! I was aware the aerofoils for aerobatic planes are symmetrical, with my thought being that this may be less efficient than a wing which could change dependent on the orientation of the planes. Without any real knowledge of the field this looks like it is solving a problem that doesn't really exist, but that's the best part about being an engineer anyway!
    2
  235. Fair point ahah
    2
  236. A few building here in England are starting to use triple glazing actually to meet the best insulation standards!
    2
  237. Thanks Lois!
    2
  238. Thank you!
    2
  239. Thanks for all your support :D
    2
  240. Thank you!
    2
  241. That is a great point and definitely will be the subject of a future video!
    2
  242. I will try sort that out for the future!
    2
  243. Great idea!
    2
  244. I am working on another video with details about how electricity is generated from the reactions, as it was too much of a divergence from the main topic for this video
    2
  245. I heard it by then it will only be 20 years away
    2
  246. I agree! Unfortunately there is very little information on the Hailong Wave 1 project, but hopefully more will be available in the future
    2
  247. Cheers Joris :D
    2
  248. Glad you liked it! Thanks for watching
    2
  249. Legend status unlocked
    2
  250. Thank you!
    2
  251.  @zanpodlesnik4337  I am not actually sure on the exact speeds, but yes exactly, some of the fuel explodes out faster than the burn wave, so it doesn't get fused! Trying to design a pellet that allows more of the fuel to fuse is definitely a big priority.
    2
  252. I definitely don't think the national ignition facility is scalable for useful energy production, and maybe even their reactor design would struggle to scale even at a modern plant - however I think inertial confinement fusion as a whole may have promise, and the findings from it are definitely going to be valuable for other more commercial scale systems!
    2
  253. Thank you for the kind words Michel!
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  254. Great point, very scary to hear about...
    2
  255. Thank you!
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  256. Exactly, there is a rectifier on the rotor side - my bad for not mentioning that!
    2
  257. Unlock content and upgrade your security with Private Internet Access at https://www.piavpn.com/Ziroth for 83% off and 4 extra months FREE! Let me know your thoughts on this new liquid battery system, and where you think it could be used!
    2
  258. Thank you!
    2
  259. Great idea, like a modern version of the wind catchers from Iran
    2
  260. This is shown on the graph at 2:54
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  261. Thanks a lot Ted!
    2
  262. I would love to see this ahaha, may upset a few people though!
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  263. Thank you! Exciting times ahead :D
    2
  264. Thanks for the feedback, this is definitely something I'll try to do more in the future. Its a super busy time for me as I finish university and this video didn't get the usual amount of production time
    2
  265. Thanks for watching!
    2
  266. Yea I agree, I am very interested to see the future of this
    2
  267. I agree, but I think it’s the emotion that makes it too hard to ignore, not much looks promising on a cost-benefit analysis until it’s a more mature technology!
    2
  268. Thanks for your comment, I have seen some reports (Mckinsey did one that comes to mind) which showed that with cheap renewable energy and rising taxes on carbon emissions, it will likely be price competitive between 2025 and 2030 in many places
    2
  269. Very true, it's definitely important to look at all the impacts of these new technologies
    2
  270. This is super interesting, thanks for these insights. I should have thought more about the surrounding systems, the need for a larger engine is a really important consideration
    2
  271. Thanks for the feedback!
    2
  272. Glad you have noticed the extra work, and thanks for the long-term support!
    2
  273. Hey Matt, just a heads up, the link for your sponsor isn't working as it has the 'to' included into it!
    2
  274. Thanks Craig, completely agree!
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  275. I was dubious about how I said that word
    2
  276. Space age tech is coming to earth!
    2
  277. Thank you!
    2
  278. Just one of many challenges, I agree!
    2
  279. Thanks for your long term support! Hoping to get into more of a rhythm in the new year :D
    2
  280. I never knew that, thanks for spotting that! I will make sure to use the right one in future :D
    2
  281. Once the first bit of fusion starts, there shouldn't be a need for more external energy during that reaction - however, every time there is a new fuel pellet the reaction starts over, so another laser beam is needed! Hope this helps :D
    2
  282. 😂
    2
  283. Thank you! I am currently using an Audio-Technica AT2020 microphone with a Focusrite Scarlett Solo condenser, then editing the audio in a program called Audacity. It is a relatively complicated setup if you're new to audio, however you can also get some really good results with USB microphones such as the Blue Yeti! Hope that helps :D
    2
  284. Thank you!
    2
  285. Definitely a project on the ideas board!!
    2
  286.  @DevinDTV  Yes I definitely oversimplified this. The idea is that dogs learn what to do because the learn the 'reward function' too. For example, they learn that a given action will give them a certain reward, and they choose what action to do after being trained by predicting what will give them the maximum reward.
    2
  287. Perhaps dystopian would have been a better word! I definitely agree
    2
  288. I think the Tesla Semi has a lot of potential for shorter hauling routes, though I am quite doubtful of Nikola as well
    2
  289. When you put it like that, I see what you mean! Maybe this is an English idiom (which are often gibberish) from where I am from, as it is said a lot here!
    2
  290. That is a good spot and made me chuckle ahah! I used a font that is all in capitals without thinking, I will make sure to change that in the future!
    2
  291. Thanks Joris!
    2
  292. Thank you! It is titled 'Real-Time Thermal Modelling of Electric Machines Using Machine Learning' - Video to come when I have completed my viva :D
    2
  293. I believe this was just the test length they chose, in a real application this would be in the open water where the brine would mix with the open sea, so it could carry on operating much much longer! Thanks for the comment :D
    2
  294. You too Todd, looking forward to the next one!
    2
  295. Cheers!
    2
  296. <3
    2
  297. Thank you for all your great work Kyle, I try to take the imitation as a compliment - but it is still extremely annoying!
    2
  298. Yes that was my bad! It is gravimetric energy density.
    2
  299. Yes exactly, the reservoir here was just for testing, but the system could be placed straight into the sea, or the reservoir could be connected to the open sea too if perfered
    2
  300. Thanks!
    2
  301. Thanks Felix! :D
    2
  302. Thanks! I don't know much about these, I will have a look into them!
    2
  303. Thank you, exciting times ahead!
    2
  304. Very true
    2
  305. I could definitely imagine it!
    2
  306. Glad you liked it!
    2
  307. You got me...
    2
  308. From the heat of the high temperature fuel cell!
    2
  309. What's that?? I can't hear you over the propellers!
    2
  310. Yeah I've seen some things about vertical farming, it looks very promising!
    2
  311. This is a great point Jeff, personally in this story I would be no matter the country. On my channel I have highlighted projects from China both positive and less positive. I have no negative feelings towards the great scientists and engineers that work there, regardless of my feelings towards their governmental structure! Thanks for your insightful comment!
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  312.  @UndecidedMF  Right back at you!
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  313. I took many attempts and never quite got the pronunciation right, but hopefully you got the idea! 😂
    2
  314. Thanks! Yea I need to experiment with the lighting a little more, but it is hard to get it right with a 2m×2m room! Ahah
    2
  315. I wasn't sure what to put as there is no picture for a quantum battery, but I have changed the title so hopefully it is a bit more representative :D glad you enjoyed the video!
    2
  316. Thanks for your comment! This sounds like an ideal use case for this, I imagine it would fair well in extreme weather due to the lack of moving parts.
    2
  317. Great point, if this project was around now it would probably be flooded with investment due to clean tech hype, sadly it was before its time in the Western world
    2
  318. Thank you!
    2
  319. Not a dumb question at all! I am not actually sure, wood is about half the density of ceramic, so it should be lighter overall, which would definitely help overall range!
    2
  320. Thank you!
    2
  321. Glad you found it useful!
    2
  322. Thank you! It is truly appreciated :D
    2
  323. Yes I definitely agree! We don't want another issue with competing space for crops either like woth biofuel! Thanks for your comment :D
    2
  324. Hi Darriel, from my understanding, the main difference is that uses the ambient air and microwaves instead of argon/xenon and radio waves. I think this is the reason the jet engine in this video is much more efficient, as the VASIMR operates at a much higher temperature (1,000,000K) than this jet (1,200K) and hence has much more waste heat!
    2
  325. It was using statistical models to predict the temperature of electric machines during operation - video to follow in the next few months!
    2
  326.  @worsel2113  It is compared to the original fossil fuel plane that this design is built upon! (which was a P2006T)
    2
  327. Onshore wind and solar are tlamoung the cheapest energy sources (apart from the fact they need storage). Wave is great because its more consistent and predictable!
    2
  328. Hi Brendan, this is a great point - the wind energy may be more expensive on average, but it may also be more evenly distributed throughout the year and much higher than solar during the winter! In my option though, it makes more sense to invest that money in a larger wind turbine and supply power through the grid, as it gives the same winter generation perks at much lower costs! Thanks for your comment!
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  329. Thanks for your comment Paul, I'm glad you found it useful!
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  330. Thanks for your kind words Gary!
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  331. Cheers mate! That would be great, I will give you a follow and a message on twitter
    2
  332. Always smart to be skeptical! I can't wait to see how this plays out in the next few years. I wouldn't believe any of this myself if it wasn't coming from CATL!
    2
  333. That is definitely a good application!
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  334. Yea this is very too, I've also seen interesting long term thermal storage using hot rocks underground!
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  335. 😅
    2
  336. Thank you!
    1
  337. Thanks for your comment, completely agree!
    1
  338. Thank you!
    1
  339. Cheers, thanks for the feedback!
    1
  340. Now this is an interesting thought
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  341. Apologies this was a bit of a technical one! I tend to over complicate it when it comes to electric motors haha
    1
  342. I'm glad you enjoyed it!
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  343. I mostly agree, for wind energy it is almost always better to share a big turbine over the grid - but distributed solar panels can offer benefits in a lot of places!
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  344. It blew my mind when I read about it !
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  345. Video coming soon!
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  346. I hadn't thought about the effect of the evaporation on the panels, interesting point!
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  347. As with a lot of research, this is an adaptation on many other designs from the past, but I don't know where it first originated to be honest!
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  348. Thanks Lois!
    1
  349. Thank you!
    1
  350. Thank you!
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  351. The bricks are the same as those used in the kilns of steel mills and have been designed to last for a very long time at high temperatures - John said this relates to over 100 years of expected use!
    1
  352. Very good points! I will be interested to know how people find them when the orders are fulfilled, and I hope you enjoy yours!
    1
  353. Glad you have enjoyed the videos!
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  354. Ahaha I was thinking this too!
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  355. Thank you for the kind words!
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  356. Yea, the gravimetric energy density of batteries is definitely a large issue at the minute! Both for planes with electric ducted fans and vehicles, so especially for this new an unproven technology!
    1
  357. That is an interesting way to look at it!
    1
  358. Thank you! Very kind words
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  359. I added chapters to help people skip around! I recommend watching the section from 8:50 as it is important for the MIT system
    1
  360. Thanks for watching!!
    1
  361. 😂😂
    1
  362. Interesting point! The sun can achieve fusion at lower temperatures because it has much higher pressures, unfortunately these pressures are not practical to achieve in tokamak reactors, so the temperature has to be much higher! Hope that clears it up.
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  363. I was very surprised to read that too 😅
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  364. +200% is equal to 3x 😀 for example, 200% of 10 is 20, 10 + 20 is 30, and 30 is 3x 10!
    1
  365. That is when the plane is full and the car has 1 passenger, different sources give different exact amounts, but here is one as an example https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-49349566
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  366. Some are! But it's quite expensive for a lot of small boat owners
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  367. Glad it was helpful!
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  368. Glad you're finding the videos useful!
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  369. Power density is a common way to refer to how much power a battery can provide for its weight (https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Energy_density_vs_power_density) - This is tied to the discharge rate of the cells, but it more useful at a pack level!
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  370. Interesting perspective! Hopefully the CSIC will manage to generate some green energy and we will see the design elsewhere in the world 🌎
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  371. The Napier deltic was supercharged - scavenging helps to flush out the exhaust gas, but (from what I can see) it cannot be used to pull in ambient pressure air alone! Thanks for the comment.
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  372. Thank you!
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  373. Thank you!
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  374. Thank you got the kind donation!
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  375. Thanks Steve!
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  376. Ahaha thanks! I appreciate the long term support!
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  377. Heat! Some reactors should be using the heat to generate electricity soon (hopefully!)
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  378. I definitely agree, thanks for your comment!
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  379. Thank you :D
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  380. That's a good point, I should have made more of a distinction, I meant solid aerofoils rather than fabric aerofoils (sails!) - my bad! And what efficiency is that? If it is about the 4 aerofoils acting as one then that was from the university's paper which said "For head wind, it is found that 4 sails are working as one sail on the whole", (linked in discription), but I am not an expert in that area so I may have miss interpreted it! Thanks for the comment :D
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  381. No, but I can sometimes hear the resemblance haha!
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  382. Ahaha why thank you
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  383. They are only going to use hydrogen from renewable sources using electrolysis
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  384. I hope it is shipped internationally before too long, would love to see one driving around too!
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  385. Thank you! I will have a look into it :D
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  386. That is the same thing :) technically it's 500% of the original efficiency, or +400% (I will remove the + from the thumbnail to correct it!). Thanks for your comment!
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  387. I was thinking the same thing!
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  388. Exactly 😂
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  389. I've always been curious about this idea of doubling your bet to cover your loss. Great video and a long time question answered! Now I'm off to try get a taxi...
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  390. I think it should be as standard from car manufactures, unfortunately I think it hurts their profit too much
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  391. Still a silver medal 🥈 haha
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  392. Thanks for the comment. The burn wave is the spreading of ignited (burning) fusion fuel from the centre of the fuel pellet outwards. It is called a burn wave as it is similar to how when you ignite gas, for example, the flame spreads across it like a wave. Hope this helps :D
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  393. Thank you!
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  394. At the minute, electric motors are far more effective, but in time this could potentially help to achieve much higher levels of thrust to propel larger planes!
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  395. This is for levelised cost of storage, not upfront costs! :D
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  396. I definitely agree these sorts of projects need to be encouraged!
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  397. Thanks for your comment! I also think there are many challenges that AI won't help with much, but I think it will be a useful tool for solving certain problems, such as plasma control!
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  398. That is very understandable, I have tried to give a balanced view of each side (challenges and solutions), but that can mean there is no clear takeaway point - which makes it hard to take in!
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  399. This contains references from actual scientific literature, not sure where else you would want information from... 😂
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  400. Thanks Adam! Really appreciate it, I even used the famous beer analogy to describe power factors in my video about the efficiency of the Tesla semi truck!
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  401. Hahaha 😆 That sounds interesting! I'll check them out, thanks for the suggestion!
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  402. Thank you!
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  403. Good spot!
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  404. The future is here!! Thanks for your comment!
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  405. They tilt the angle of attack so it used very little energy to pull it back in compared to the amount generated on the way out!
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  406. The scientists who work on fusion are not hiding it, they talk about it a lot in academic literature, but public figures and those relying on investment often say there is unlimited fuel for endless fusion, which is misleading
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  407. We definitely need some more co2 friendly concrete, that's for sure!
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  408. It is more an issue of the rate at which they can produce it and the legal issues with tritium (due to use in warheads) that slows down the development of new plants. Also, there is often a conflict as people don't want fusion reactors that are dependent on fission ones! Thanks for the great question
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  409. It is still the most widely researched reactor design, but there are many interesting ones also being developed!
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  410. Thank you!
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  411. I haven't actually, though I am definitely interested in trying it out!
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  412. Wow I hadn't seen Ligna Energy before, looks very interesting. Ligna seem to be using a liquid electrolyte, and it appears the biomass is used instead of lithium, which makes their battery much bigger for the same energy stored. Though i need to do more research on this for sure, maybe even a video! Cheers
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  413. Thank you! Trying to get into more of a rhythm with make videos around my job :D
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  414. It really blows my mind too when I think about how advanced the technology we have access to everyday is!
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  415. Yes you should be able to find it on my channel under the live tab - it will start in about 5 minutes! :D
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  416. 😂
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  417. That is a great expression, I will be using that in future! I definitely agree, however this new theory will help plan ahead for very high powered reactors we can't experiment on before they are built - I am sure the reactor won't be able to reach the exact theoretical limit, but I imagine it will be between it and the Greenwald experimental limit! Thanks for the comment
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  418. Thank you!
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  419. You haven't seen the British weather recently! Haha
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  420. Just read this article, very interesting! Thanks for the information Alexander
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  421. Exactly!
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  422. Thank you!
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  423. The biggest market for Anker uses Fahrenheit, but I put degC on the screen too as they are also available globally!
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  424. Sounds like quite the ride! Bet it was an awesome experience, even if your ears needed a rest afterwards 😂
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  425. You're going to hate my next video ahahaha
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  426. It is a special form of coal, thanks for the question!
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  427. There is a great video explaining gyroscopes in more detail on YouTube, definitely worth a watch. It sounds counter intuitive, but the rotor doesn't have to push all the air downwards, it just needs to create a pressure difference between the upper and lower blades. It was too complex to cover in detail in this video, but although the air is redirected it doesn't have to completely change direction. It is also important to look at the air from the perspective the the rotating blade, not as an outside observer!
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  428. Oh you
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  429. Thanks :D
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  430. Thank you!
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  431. That is the exact research this video is highlighting
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  432. It looks like it has definitely been inspired by the Bugatti design quite a lot!
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  433. Thank you!
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  434. This is a great point! I imagine the hydrogen tanks would be quite heavy and there can be issues with getting enough power out of the electrolyser continuously - but it would also solve some of the other issues like you mentioned, so I would be interested to see what Gravity think! Also it would be interesting to see if they have considered hydrogen as a fuel for combustion in the jet engines too 🤔
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  435. It is a great analogy, though I have to admit I stole it from my old professor at University!
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  436. Hi David, this is for levelised cost of storage (how much it costs to store a unit of energy averaged over the systems lifetime), not upfront costs! Thanks for watching :D
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  437. Good question, I imagine it would as I think the cellulose fibres are pretty similar in different bio sources. Either way a fast growing crop would be a must!
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  438. Yea, I expect the 4680 will out perform these cells
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  439. I have seen it, I agree with most of his points! (Hence why this video is not overly positive towards Energy Vault ahah)
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  440. Agreed!
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  441. Thanks Gary!
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  442. Just added my email address to the "about" section on my channel page!
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  443. Thank you for your kind words!
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  444. Thank you!
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  445. Great video, thanks for the explanations
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  446. Thank you! Definitely something I want to do
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  447. I knew I would get this wrong ahaha
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  448. 😂😂
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  449. Cheers bro :D
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  450. Haha, which video was that?
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  451. I will add that as an update to the pinned comment - I must have misread that from articles stating it had no independent methods of finding the Titanic!
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  452. Good spot - I actually talk about the history of it in the video! What I meant to say was a new design of an existing propeller!
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  453. Ahaha I wish that too! $300/MWh is the levelised cost, which means that is how much each MWh costs to store in the battery averaged over its whole life!
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  454. I always thought they would have health and safety concerns, hopefully with increased autonomy this can be solved!
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  455. I thought the same thing to myself after I made the video, I'm not sure why I just put an L and a B 😂
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  456. Thank you Miles, glad you enjoyed the video!
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  457. Cheers Gary :D
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  458. A good point, maybe you could cook some food while you charge your car at the same time? :P
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  459. Thank you!
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  460. Ahhh didn't think of the economies of scale for bigger battery packs! Thanks for the information :D
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  461. What changes would you make to it?
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  462. Thank you!
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  463. Cheers!
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  464. Been looking forward to this one Ricky!
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  465. It is a wound rotor externally excited synchronous motor
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  466. Thermodynamics
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  467. Technically it could keep running, but the researchers tested it for 180 hours!
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  468.  @s.m8766  it is technically both, as the cell is thinner, there would be more surface area for the same volume of cells, but also there is a shorter distance for the heat to travel to escape the cell! Hope this clears things up :D
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  469. Thank you for you detailed comment Laurence, I have had a few comments about alternative fuels for fusion and I have to admit I am not well read in the area. I think I will go away and read more, including what you have linked, and make a video about it in the future! Stay tuned :D
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  470. Would love to see them in Europe too!
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  471. I removed this section as it was a mistake - I was meant to be referring to it being more efficient than an induction motor but had it in the wrong section of the script! Thanks for pointing it out - Ryan. (I posted a similar comment to this yesterday as a reply but YouTube seems to have not posted it)
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  472. Every option has many pros and cons! The issue is deciding which ones are most important for a given application
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  473. Was great to catch up Pete!
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  474. Thank you!
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  475. This is a great question Fraser, and I think it will be the topic of my next fusion video! There is a good little section on the 'Fusion Power' Wikipedia page called 'Energy Capture' that has some information. The key idea is the high energy neutrons that are shot off from the fusion reaction fly to the edge of the reactor wall, as they are not affected by the magnetic fields. These neutrons then collide with a protective blanket and heat it up, this blanket also stops damage to the magnets. The hot blanket can then be cooled with a fluid, extracting heat for a steam turbine.
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  476. Thank you!
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  477.  @4drops  ​ Apologies if the comment wasn't clear, but my point was two fold. Firstly, that people generally look at projects in isolation, but forget that they are smaller parts of a bigger plan. In this case, it is likely that this project will show liquid hydrogen is not worth pursuing, but the fact it comes from black hydrogen gas is not really the point imo, hence we need to consider the bigger picture of what the project is actually trying to do! And secondly, there are some projects that want to use "clean technology" to solve a problem and they attract millions of dollars of funding before they have done a 'quick and dirty' minimum viable product, which in some cases could show the whole idea is unfeasible anyway and save a lot of investors money!
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  478.  @adrianthoroughgood1191  This is very true, sadly! You would hope people would want to try an idea and move on if it wasn't feasible to start a new project that could actually work! But I think you are right, often that is not peoples incentive...
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  479. They have developed a completely new plasma control strategy using machine learning that can hold plasma in new shapes, that is a pretty interesting breakthrough in my opinion.
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  480. I believe it should be very quiet, as the turbine in the tube that is used to generate power could be acoustically insulated - but I am not 100% sure on this! Thanks for your comment!
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  481. Thanks Joris!
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  482. Sorry that should have been clearer! That is 12kg over the lifetime of ITER (20 years), however it will need almost all of that from the start, as it is required to fill the tokamak even if it isn't being used up. Tritium can be made from some nuclear fission reactors, but not many of them! And the ones that do make tritium are being phased out. I imagine demand for tritium could mean more are made in the future, but there are huge restrictions on this as tritium is also used in nuclear warheads. Therefore, it could be a very long time until this is achieved, as nuclear fission plants take a long time to build even without these challenges! Thanks for your comment and hopefully that clears some bits up!
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  483. I was thinking this too actually, great point
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  484. We can dream!
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  485. I agree, extremely pointless and largely useless, but an interesting project nonetheless ahah
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  486. I agree! I am excited to see their continued progress, they said they have a prototype and I expect there will be reports on it soon!
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  487. Definitely a valid opinion, apparently the ocean recovery system was not public knowledge at the time, but as I say, there is still a real chance it was just inspired by the Pelamis design and the theft was unrelated!
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  488. I didn't know it was pronounced differently abroad! But yes, this is the British pronunciation haha!
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  489. Thanks for your comment, but the prefixes are correct :D this is for levelised cost, not upfront cost, which is why the values are so different! This is more a measure of how much each unit of energy costs to store, over the lifetime of the project
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  490. MIT have a great video explaining the basics of reinforcement learning, which would take far to long to explain in this video! The basic idea is that during training a neural network tries to predict what action will give it the biggest reward, then when the actual reward is given the network computes the error and 'learns' how to make the error as small as possible. Therefore, it will be able to predict what action to take to achieve the highest reward when it is actually operating in the real world. The reward is some variable (eg how well the plasma takes the desired shape) that should be maximised. Setting the correct reward and implementing it is a very big topic, but there are many great resources about it online!
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  491. Thanks a lot! Ahaha, that would be a dream come true! Hopefully one day though :D
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  492. I will add that as an update to the pinned comment - I must have misread that from articles stating it had no independent methods of finding the Titanic!
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  493. Yea I was thinking this, but didn't want this video getting too long! Will add it to the list of future video ideas :D
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  494. Glad you like the idea! The plan is to do it about a week after the upload normally, but I am on an extended buisness trip with work for a few weeks, so unfortunately it is quite delayed this time!
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  495. Great point, so the numbers from Gravitricity have a whole document explaining their costing, which is why I used theirs as a base. For energy vault, their $50/mwh was a seemingly random number given to a journalist, with no reasons given. As it seemed unbelievably cheap, I thought it was best to use gravitricitys numbers instead! But I would love to be proved wrong and see enegyvault manage $50/mwh!!
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  496. Thanks Mark that is very kind, this is definitely one to keep an eye on!
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  497. Glad you liked the content! I agree there are many issues with monopoly type energy generation and supply networks - however due to economies of scale it can lead to cheaper energy overall! I think we need a blend of local renewable generation and large clean energy sources - but that is not an easy job!
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  498. Exactly! Always interesting to follow the development of these new ideas
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  499. 😂😂
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  500. My pleasure!
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  501. Cheers Joris !
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  502. Great question, I imagine they have some patents but I don't know if they wouod be global or how strongly you can patent purely the shape of a cell
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  503. Very true!
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  504. Thank you!
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  505. I am not sure on the details, but I know that some of the other propellers had a less drastic difference, so you may well be correct - however, with like-for-like propellers the toroidal ones generally seem to give a significant improvement! Hope this helps somewhat and thanks for the comment!
    1
  506. Looks promising but I am currently doing more research! I will make a video about in soon :D
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  507. Fair point ahaha
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  508. No that is not what I meant, I was just using the power to weight ratio of the 737 for comparison! But thanks for your comment!
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  509. Thanks for watching!
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  510. Thanks Joshua!
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  511. Thanks!
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  512. They always do ahaha
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  513. Thanks for the feedback! I'll look at how best to consolidate parts and make sure the value from the video is delivered quicker 😀
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  514. Thank you! I am glad you liked the video :D
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  515. Thank you for such a nice comment Radoslav, this is definitely the reason I want to make these videos! I hope I can make enough money from educational videos like this to some day do it full time!
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  516. Thansk for your comment, this graph is about power density, so it shows how much power the system can output per MWh of storage, to show that for the same power output, the gravity systems would have to be much larger (in terms of capacity) than the battery! The round trip efficiency for each system is probably similar at around 95%
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  517. Great point, I will have to have a look into that!
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  518. I tried to find their name (with no luck) because I was thinking the same thing!
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  519. Thank you!
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  520. Very true Robert, I wish there was more information avaliable about the Chinese project as all the information available comes from one side!
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  521. A percentage can be over 100 if it is relating two values, like 105 is 105% of 100, hope this helps!
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  522. Thanks Pablo!
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  523. My understanding is that the small (tens of micrometers) pockets where fusion takes place are in the millions of degrees, with very high pressures above that of magnetic confinement - whereas cold fusion states that due to the high concentration of deuterons in a lattice the reaction can happen at room temperature without the energy and heating of the gama ray (which is used in NASAs work) There is a link to an IEEE article in the description and that links a paper which both have much more info! Thanks for your comment and hope that answers some bits :D
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  524. 😂😂
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  525. This is relating to the fact that china has high emissions in their energy generation compared to other countries, and as most of the co2 emissions from battery production comes from the energy used to make them, it massively increases the emissions compared to being made elsewhere. However, other issues relating to water pollution etc would remain the same. Hope that answers your question!
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  526. Couldn't agree more!
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  527. Thanks for the super thanks!
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  528.  @juliankhor166  sorry I should have been more specific, china's emissions for electricity are ~3x as much per unit of energy (kwh), not as a whole country. So it is a fair comparison! Thanks :D
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  529.  @wongcy713  as a percentage of total life cycle emission for a battery, around 80% are from the carbon emissions used to make the energy used in their production :)
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  530. Thank you!
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  531. Thank you!
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  532. Ahaha, they just wanted to say it was run on green hydrogen, pretty sure any good quality hydrogen will work!
    1
  533. This is because a large portion of the energy from combusted fuels is wasted as heat
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  534. Only on small scales right now, but hopefully this technology will be proven for larger cells soon!
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  535. Cheers Brian!
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  536. Sounds like an interesting suggestion, I will add it to the list of ideas to look into! :D Thanks for your kind words
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  537. Ahaha, I will have to go and change that 🤣
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  538. Thanks Lee!
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  539. My animator is not! Haha
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  540. Thank you for the donation!
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  541. I hadn't thought of that! It would have an impact, however it requires a lot less 'lift' to slow a plane descending to earth than it does to actually get it up there to begin with! - So I expect they would still generate enough lift to safely land
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  542. Appreciate you bro
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  543. The drag would increase to roughly match that of a conventional wing during take off (as lift is also roughly matched), but during cruise the drag would be much less as the distributed propellers along the wing would no longer be active.
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  544. I once had a Minecraft character with your name 😉
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  545. Thanks Lois!
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  546. They have been very secretive and I didn't want to speculate too much in the video, but if I had to guess I think it would be some kind of anticaking agent
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  547. Cheers Manos!
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  548. Nah, but he's a friend of mine through YouTube
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  549. I am not sure what they plan to use in the cathode, but there will be lithium in the anode and aluminium in the battery casing I expect!
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  550. 😂😂
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  551. I agree NASA has been shown up by SpaceX, but they are still a very respected engineering group. Also there is a lot of information about their work on distributed electric propulsion available that show it's development progress - which is not something you get with 'vapourware' companies! And I do personally think the increased efficiency this can provide will be a game changer in the progress towards commercial electric flight
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  552. Thanks for the kind words Warren!
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  553. Electric ducted fans are definitely more efficient at the moment, but the thrust per square meter is currently lower - And I don't think resistive heating would be able to heat the air quick enough to notably increase thrust! However, I agree that this electric jet system is pretty impractical at the minute, but that's where a lot of great ideas start!
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  554. I think so, the max power would be for take off, so I expect it would cruise at much lower power and speed (especially as it only uses the two wing tip motors for cruising)!
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  555. Exactly! It's a massive improvement :D
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  556. I agree, this is a small part in the whole process. There are many great fusion projects that I keep seeing, definitely a lot of great work in China.
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  557. I am not sure about other videos - the reason I have 200% energy here is because the new fuel limit allows twice as much fuel to be put into the plasma as the density can be twice as high. Therefore, there is 200% of the original energy! Hope that helps :D
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  558. Es klingt, als ob das sehr deinen Interessen entspricht! Danke.
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  559. Now that would be impressive!
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  560. Sounds about right 😂
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  561. This is exactly right, but didn't sound as good for the title 😅
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  562. Thanks for watching!
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  563. I think it is ~4% of overall emissions and ~12% of emissions from the transport sector :)
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  564. Due to the 4th power, a slight change in heat causes a very large heat flux.
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  565. Agreed!
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  566. This is a great point - if you take the heat out at a slow enough rate, it will continue to deliver heat for a very very long time. However, if you remove it too quickly, the well will become exhausted (in maybe 25-100 years depending on extraction rate). Thanks for your comment!
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