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Многие западные исследователи отмечают особый характер Российского государства и его исторической эволюции. Так, Р. Пайпс пишет: «Россия принадлежит par excellence к той категории государств, которые… обычно определяют как „вотчинные“ (patrimonial). В таких государствах политическая власть мыслится и отправляется как продолжение права собственности, и властитель (властители) является одновременно сувереном государства и его собственником». Р. Пайпс считает, что самобытность правового развития России, такая его черта, как правовой нигилизм, обусловливались неразвитостью основных институтов феодализма, а «хроническое российское беззаконие, особенно в отношениях между стоящими у власти и их подчинёнными, проистекает из-за отсутствия какой-либо договорной традиции, вроде той, что была заложена в Западной Европе вассалитетом». (Пайпс Р. Россия при старом режиме. — 1993. — С. 75).
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@Thomas-Eckhart и правда зачем ванек и натащек эвакуировать перед мариуполизацией узких помоек?) В Волгограде военный КАМАЗ насмерть сбил реставратора на глазах у его детей, затем врезался в машину и уехал
Военный КАМАЗ пролетел на красный свет и насмерть сбил известного реставратора велосипедов Сергея Типайлова, пишут местные СМИ. Мужчина погиб на глазах у детей.
КАМАЗ исчез с места ДТП и спустя некоторое время спровоцировал вторую аварию, врезавшись в УАЗ. Водитель УАЗа оказался в больнице.
Находившиеся в КАМАЗе в итоге бросили машину и сбежали.
«В КАМАЗе было как минимум три пассажира, все в гражданской форме. После столкновения с УАЗом на перекрестке Глазкова они туда свернули. То есть они врезались в УАЗ, чудом не сбив пешеходов, так как летели на красный, отъехали назад, объехали и свернули направо на Глазкова», — сообщил источник V1.RU.
Впоследствии 39-летний водитель военной машины был задержан. Пхпх, ваши мальчики.
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@geerkotocave4554 Check NKVD national operations. Poles, Crimea tatars, Germans, Chechens, Ingushes, Ukrainians, Turks and many many others were mass killed and mass deported in cargo rail cars were they were dying of hunger, diseases, dehydration, impossible to sleep of lye down. Each ethnicity has their own nkvd operation. Check Katyn massacre. Where ruzzkies murdered more then 20 thousands of polish officers. Check Holodomor, Check mass starvation same as Holodomor in Kazakhstan where ruzzkies has starved 50% of Kazakhs 4-5 millions. Etc etc I can go on and on and on. And you are rusek, liar. By the way nkvd were changing clothes of Ukrainian insurgents to cause terror and blame. It was their usual tactic. They were caught many times on doing so and even Sudoplatov, who was in charge himself in many NKVD terror operations in Ukraine has admitted that.
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@Suljd Рассуждаешь как типичный узкий «либерал». Защищаешь узких, требуешь эмпатии и обслуги для узких. Узкие такие забавные, когда им удобно, они все узкие, когда не удобно, сразу достают удобную идентичность, сразу оп и немец, оп и вообще татарин из Казахстана, оп и бабушка украинка-белоруска А поведение все такое же преступное, узкое, шовинистское.
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@UserapiMonde То есть европейцы строили величественные замки, потрясающего изящества и красоты соборы, утонченные одежды, пишут прекрасную поэзию, куют великолепные мечи и доспехи, разводят боевых коней, а додуматься залить пепел водой не могли? Мылом ещё кельты пользовались. Но варили его из животных жиров. Все Средиземноморье варило мыло ещё с древности. Мылом из оливкового масла торговали. Оно и сейчас многим не по карману😊 Арабский купец в Европе был обычным явлением. Простые люди мылись шелоком, отварами с растениями содержащими сапонины, глиной, отирались мокрой тканью каждый день, парили ноги в горячей воде, подмывались в тазиках и тд и тп.
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@64esa Пацак, расскажи про парад в Бресте и совместные комендатуры нквд и гестапо. Расскажи про национальные операции НКВД, про дело врачей, про Биробиджан. Про Ашаршилык, про операции нквд в Восточной Пруссии, про то как в 1940м евреев не пустили даже транзитом с немецкой оккупации прямым указом Молотова, расскажи, куда девали евреев из Литвы, Латвии и Эстонии в 1940м, как депортировали Молдаван, Кырымлы, Чеченцев, Поляков, Украинцев, Карелов, Финнов и тд.
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@666Kaca ruzzkie shouldn’t invade Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland and POLAND.
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@666Kaca ruzzians shouldn’t invade Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland and POLAND.
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@yuria6950 Это ты про те чудесные времена, когда руззге большевички захватывали чужие страны, проводили серийные геноциды, этнические чистки, массовые расстрелы, депортации, ссылки в лагеря, где люди массово погибали в невыносимых условиях? Когда руззге большевички перебив миллионы украинцев, казахов, татар, поляков и многих других, подавляя волю к сопротивлению оккупации побежали лобызаться с нацистами и лобызались вплоть до лета 1941года?))) Что же вам не жало? Лол. Ну и абсолютное большинство идейных коллаборационистов с нацистами были из рсфср. Даже свои фашистские партии организовывали по всему свету.
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@ИегудиилХламида-ы8т Национальные операции НКВД, геноцид украинцев, геноцид казахов, депортации крымских татар, чеченцев, греков, оккупация Украины, Беларуси, всех так называемых совковых республик, расстрелы интеллигенции, расказачивание, сопровождавшиеся десятками миллионов жертв. Оккупация Литвы, Эстонии, Латвии, частичная оккупация Финляндии, части Румынии, депортации населения массовые, расстрелы политических узников, оккупация Польши, пособничество Гитлеру в оккупации Польши, запрет на транзит евреям, пособничество в Холокосте. За все эти преступления расисянцам еще предстоит отвечать.
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Bolsheviks slaughtered millions of people of different nations. There were NO national NKVD operations against Russians but there were plenty for other nations. Ukrainians are NOT ruzzkies,Belarus also NOT ruzzkie, Chechen are NOT ruzzkie, Kazakhs and many other Turk nations are NOT fucking ruzzkies, poles, Germans, Estonians, Latvians, Lithuanians are NOT ruzzkies, nanai people are NOT ruzzkies, kamchadal people, daur people and many many northern nations are NOT ruzzkie. Ruzzkies were occupying our lands murdering, starving us, robbing everything, stealing children and brainwashing them, making deportation of whole nations and throwing them in -40 in nowhere. Majority of ruzzkies are ok with that same as they are happy to commit atrocities in Ukraine now.
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@yzmey42113 It is Moscow douchy was rules by Ruthenian Nobility. Not the other way around. It was Kyiv prince who founded Moscow not the other way around. Daniel Romanovich (Ukrainian: Данило Романович, romanized: Danylo Romanovych;[1][2] 1201–1264),[3][4] also known as Daniel or Daniil of Galicia,[5] or Danylo of Halych,[6][a] was Prince of Galicia (1205–1207; 1211–1212; 1230–1232; 1233–1234; 1238–1264), Volhynia (1205–1208; 1215–1238), Grand Prince of Kiev (1240), and King of Ruthenia (1253–1264).[7] Moscow was a Golden Horde colony when Ukraine was in confederation with Lithuania. And we’re enjoying Magdeburg legislations. And we’re having their own Hetmanate.
Petro Konashevych-Sahaidachny (Ukrainian: Петро Конашевич-Сагайдачний; Polish: Piotr Konaszewicz-Sahajdaczny; born c. 1582[2] – 20 April 1622) was a political and civic leader, who was a Hetman of Ukrainian Cossacks from 1616 to 1622.[2] During his tenure, he transformed Zaporozhian Cossacks from irregular military troops into a regular army and improved relations between the Cossacks, the Orthodox clergy and peasants of Ukraine, which would later contribute to the establishment of a modern Ukrainian national consciousness. A military leader of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth both on land and sea, Sahaidachny is best known for the significant role his troops played in the Battle of Khotyn against the Ottoman Empire in 1621, as well as the Polish Prince Władysław IV Vasa's attempt to usurp the Moscow throne in 1618.[3]
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@yzmey42113 The Principality or, from 1253, Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia,[a] historically known as the Kingdom of Ruthenia,[2][b] was a medieval state in Eastern Europe which existed from 1199 to 1349. Its territory was predominantly located in modern-day Ukraine, with parts in Belarus, Poland, Moldova, and Lithuania. Along with Novgorod and Vladimir-Suzdal, it was one of the three most important powers to emerge from the collapse of Kievan Rus'. The main language was Old East Slavic, the predecessor of the modern East Slavic languages, and the official religion was Eastern Orthodoxy.
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@yzmey42113
Image - Paraska Sulyma (died 1766) (1750s portrait).
Image - Semen Sulyma, colonel of Pereiaslav (1750s photo).
Sulyma [Сулима]. A line of Cossack starshyna in Left-Bank Ukraine. The family name was established by Mykhailo, who lived in the 16th century. His son was Hetman Ivan Sulyma (d 1635). The hetman's sons included Stepan (d 1659), a captain of Boryspil company, and Fedir (d 1691), a colonel of Pereiaslav regiment. Fedir's son, Ivan (d 1721), was a captain of Voronkiv company (1687) and general flag-bearer under Ivan Mazepa and Ivan Skoropadsky (1708–21). Ivan's son, Semen (d 27 May 1766), was colonel of Pereiaslav regiment (1739–66). Semen's sons included Yakym (b 1737, d 1818), a general judge in Chernihiv (1797–1818), and Khrystofor (d 18 May 1813 in the Transfiguration Monastery in Kharkiv), the bishop of Teodosiia and Mariupol (1791–9) and then of Kharkiv (1799–1813). Their nephew, Mykola (b 12 December 1777, d 21 October 1840), was colonel of the Izmail regiment (1803), a major general (1812–16), governor-general of eastern, then western, Siberia (1834–6), and a member of the Military Council (1836). The Russian revolutionary and anarchist theoretician P. Kropotkin (b 1842, d 1921) was related to the family through the female line. The family archive was published in part by Oleksander Lazarevsky in Sulimovskii arkhiv: Famil’nye bumagi Sulim, Skorup, i Voitsekhovichei XVII–XVIII vv. (The Sulyma Archive: The Family Papers of the Sulymas, Skorupas, and Voichekhovyches in the 17th–18th centuries, 1884).
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@yzmey42113
Mazepa, Ivan [Мазепа, Іван], b 20 March 1639 in Mazepyntsi, near Bila Tserkva, d 2 October 1709 in Bendery, Bessarabia. Hetman of Ukraine in 1687–1709; son of Stepan-Adam Mazepa and Maryna Mazepa. He studied at the Kyivan Mohyla College and at the Jesuit college in Warsaw. While a page at the court of Jan II Casimir Vasa in Warsaw, he was sent by the king to study in Holland. In 1656–9 he learned gunnery in Deventer and visited Germany, Italy, France, and the Low Countries. After his return to Warsaw Mazepa continued his service as a royal courtier, and in 1659–63 he was sent on various diplomatic missions to Ukraine. The legend of his affair with Madame Falbowska and his subsequent punishment by being tied to the back of a wild horse was first popularized by the Polish memorialist J. C. Pasek. Although it has no basis in fact, it has inspired a number of European Romantics, including Franz Liszt, Peter Tchaikovsky, George Byron, Victor Hugo, and Aleksandr Pushkin and led to a rather fanciful image of the Ukrainian hetman as a youth.
In 1663 Mazepa returned to Ukraine to help his ailing father. After his father’s death in 1665 he succeeded him as hereditary cupbearer of Chernihiv. In 1669 Mazepa entered the service of Hetman Petro Doroshenko as a squadron commander in the Hetman’s Guard, and later he served as Doroshenko’s chancellor. He took part in Doroshenko’s 1672 campaign against Poland in Galicia and served on diplomatic missions, including ones to the Crimea and Turkey (1673–4). During a mission in 1674 he was captured by the Zaporozhian otaman Ivan Sirko, who was forced to hand him over to Doroshenko’s rival in Left-Bank Ukraine, Ivan Samoilovych. Mazepa quickly gained the confidence of Samoilovych and Tsar Peter I, was made a ‘courtier of the hetman,’ and was sent on numerous missions to Moscow. Mazepa participated in the Chyhyryn campaigns, 1677–8. In 1682 he was appointed Samoilovych’s general osaul. He was elected the new hetman on 25 July 1687 by the Cossack council.
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@yzmey42113
Kochubei, Vasyl [Кочубей, Василь; Kočubej, Vasyl'], b ca 1640, d 25 July 1708. Statesman. Under Hetman Petro Doroshenko he carried out diplomatic assignments such as the mission to Adrianople in 1675. Under Hetman Ivan Samoilovych he was the supervisor of the General Military Chancellery and in 1685 his envoy in Moscow. He helped Hetman Ivan Mazepa to come to power. Under Mazepa he was general chancellor (1687–99) and general judge (1699–1708), and on occasion he served as acting hetman. Kochubei led the Poltava Cossack officers’ opposition to Ukraine’s participation in the anti-Turkish coalition at the end of the 17th century, which culminated in Petro Petryk’s rebellion against Mazepa and Peter I. This affected his hitherto friendly relations with Mazepa. Mazepa's love affair with Kochubei’s daughter, Motria Kochubei, further strained relations between the two men in 1704. Upon learning of Mazepa's secret negotiations with King Stanislaus I Leszczyński of Poland, Kochubei and the colonel of Poltava, Ivan Iskra, denounced Mazepa’s political plans to Peter, possibly in the hope of winning the hetman’s office. Peter initiated an investigation, which found nothing to prove Kochubei’s accusations. Trusting Mazepa, Peter had Kochubei and Iskra arrested and taken to Vitsebsk where, under torture, they were forced to recant. Peter had them returned to Ukraine and beheaded. They were buried at the Kyivan Cave Monastery
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@yzmey42113 It is Moscow douchy was rules by Ruthenian Nobility. Not the other way around. It was Kyiv prince who founded Moscow not the other way around. Daniel Romanovich (Ukrainian: Данило Романович, romanized: Danylo Romanovych;[1][2] 1201–1264),[3][4] also known as Daniel or Daniil of Galicia,[5] or Danylo of Halych,[6][a] was Prince of Galicia (1205–1207; 1211–1212; 1230–1232; 1233–1234; 1238–1264), Volhynia (1205–1208; 1215–1238), Grand Prince of Kiev (1240), and King of Ruthenia (1253–1264).[7] Moscow was a Golden Horde colony when Ukraine was in confederation with Lithuania. And we’re enjoying Magdeburg legislations. And we’re having their own Hetmanate.
Petro Konashevych-Sahaidachny (Ukrainian: Петро Конашевич-Сагайдачний; Polish: Piotr Konaszewicz-Sahajdaczny; born c. 1582[2] – 20 April 1622) was a political and civic leader, who was a Hetman of Ukrainian Cossacks from 1616 to 1622.[2] During his tenure, he transformed Zaporozhian Cossacks from irregular military troops into a regular army and improved relations between the Cossacks, the Orthodox clergy and peasants of Ukraine, which would later contribute to the establishment of a modern Ukrainian national consciousness. A military leader of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth both on land and sea, Sahaidachny is best known for the significant role his troops played in the Battle of Khotyn against the Ottoman Empire in 1621, as well as the Polish Prince Władysław IV Vasa's attempt to usurp the Moscow throne in 1618.[3]
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@yzmey42113 The new state began to be called the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Ruthenia and Samogitia (from the name of a region in northwestern Lithuania). It's interesting that due to there was no written Lithuanian language at that times, the Ruthenian (i.e. Old Ukrainian) language, as the most widely spoken one by almost 80% of population, has been used in the official documents of the Grand Duchy until ... 1697, albeit Latin, German, and later Polish were sometimes used too. Another amazing fact is that only in 1387 Lithuania itself and their princes were finally baptised, being before a true pagan state.
It should be noted that Muscovy was under Mongol rule for over 240 years, three times longer than Ukraine. Ivan I Kalita (ruled in 1325–1340), one of the founders of Muscovy, spent most of his time on the throne not in ruling in Moscow but traveling to Saray.
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@yzmey42113 It is Moscow douchy was rules by Ruthenian Nobility. Not the other way around. It was Kyiv prince who founded Moscow not the other way around.
Daniel Romanovich (Ukrainian: Данило Романович, romanized: Danylo Romanovych (1201–1264), also known as Daniel or Daniil of Galicia, or Danylo of Halych, was Prince of Galicia (1205–1207; 1211–1212; 1230–1232; 1233–1234; 1238–1264), Volhynia (1205–1208; 1215–1238), Grand Prince of Kiev (1240), and King of Ruthenia (1253–1264). Moscow was a Golden Horde colony when Ukraine was in confederation with Lithuania. And we’re enjoying Magdeburg legislations. And we’re having their own Hetmanate.
Petro Konashevych-Sahaidachny (Ukrainian: Петро Конашевич-Сагайдачний; Polish: Piotr Konaszewicz-Sahajdaczny; born c. 1582 – 20 April 1622) was a political and civic leader, who was a Hetman of Ukrainian Cossacks from 1616 to 1622. During his tenure, he transformed Zaporozhian Cossacks from irregular military troops into a regular army and improved relations between the Cossacks, the Orthodox clergy and peasants of Ukraine, which would later contribute to the establishment of a modern Ukrainian national consciousness. A military leader of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth both on land and sea, Sahaidachny is best known for the significant role his troops played in the Battle of Khotyn against the Ottoman Empire in 1621, as well as the Polish Prince Władysław IV Vasa's attempt to usurp the Moscow throne in 1618.
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@ИегудиилХламида-ы8т Особенно сотрудничество совка с нацистами, национальные операции нквд, чистки, депортации, геноциды, гулаг, бандитизм, продажа рассеянских детей педофилам, лагерная культура содомитов-насильников, фекальные фонтаны, барачные города😂😂😂😂
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@ИегудиилХламида-ы8т Особенно сотрудничество совка с нацистами, национальные операции нквд, чистки, депортации, геноциды, гулаг, бандитизм, продажа рассеянских детей педофилам, лагерная культура содомитов-насильников, фекальные фонтаны, барачные города😂😂😂😂
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