Comments by "Big Blue" (@bigblue6917) on "The History Guy: History Deserves to Be Remembered" channel.

  1. Cattlemen who are also rustlers, sheriffs who may be wanted men in other states. You could make a lot of money selling grey hats.
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  2. We often forget that when you are at the cutting edge that edge can cut both way. A suggestion for a future edition. The Memphis Belle is always quoted as being the first USAF heavy bomber to complete 25 mission. But I knew that another B17, Hell's Angel completed its 25 missions before Memphis belle. I know this because I knew they were filming both aircraft at the same time in case either one did not get to 25 missions. But researching this recnetly I discovered that B-24 Liberator Hot Stuff had completed its 25 missions before either of the two B17s. Hot Stuff completed its 25th mission on February 7, 1943, three and a half months before the B-17 Memphis Belle. It had completed 30 missions before flying back to America, but on its way home crashed into the side of 1,600-foot-tall Mount Fagradalsfjall, near Grindavik, Iceland while attempting to land. It is usually only noted because one of those who was killed in the crash was Lieutenant General Frank M. Andrews, Commander of the European Theater of Operations. He had been summoned to Washington DC by the General of the Army, George Marshall. Of the 15 on board only the tail gunner survived. And the fate of the aircraft was soon forgotten. As it is one of those episodes history has forgotten I thought it would appeal to you.
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  3. I have said this before but I will say it again. The emotion you put into your videos would have raised a smile from Charles Dickens. Himself no slouch when it came to giving emotional renditions of his stories. Well done, the Fanning. Right place right time and then, importantly, made the most of it. Convoy duty was always a difficult task and many never even got that chance. But as they say, they also serve who stand and wait. And without them things would have been much worse.
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  4. "Good news, Hans. You've been promoted." "Thank you Heir Capitan." "What is my new rank?" "You are Head Toilet Flusher." "You are Head of the Heads."
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  5. The equivalent British missile had a silver body and a red warhead which made it look like a giant lipstick. That would have confused the Russians. You can just imagine it. Comrade chairman. The British have just launched a missile and it looks like a giant lipstick. You been at the vodka again Demetre?
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  6. I do know about the USS England and her fantastic success as a submarine hunter. Thought I was unaware of how she got her name. She obviously did her namesake proud. The Hedgehog was one of a number of weapons based on the Blacker Bombard Spigot Mortar, which was named after it inventor Lieutenant-Colonel Stewart Blacker. The mortar was also used in the PIAT anti tank weapon and when you see all of those rockets being fired onto the beaches on D-Day from the landing craft, those are spigot mortars. You may wish to look at Captain Frederic John 'Johnnie' Walker' the most successful anti-submarine warfare commander during the Battle of the Atlantic, who tragically died on 7 July 1944 at the age of 48. His death was attributed to overwork and exhaustion because he was so much in demand he never got any R&R.
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  7. Your luck. That year i bought a Sony Betamax. Talk about disaster.
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  8. You've got to think another captain got to hand in his uniform.
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  9. The Indian troops were second to none. Not just in this battle but elsewhere. They fought with great valour in North Africa as well, often winning battles which no one else thought winnable. Many Allied troops had no sympathy for the Japanese, especially after they murdered patients and medical staff when they took the hospital. Not the first time such a crime had been committed by them.
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  10. On the 10th May 1933 Nazi-dominated student groups carried out public burnings of books they claimed were “un-German.” Amongst those works burned were the writings of beloved nineteenth-century German Jewish poet Heinrich Heine. In his 1820–1821 play Almansor he wrote "Where they burn books, they will also ultimately burn people." It is somewhat ironic that Savonarola was the one who was burnt.
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  11. People may be intelligent but mobs are not. In a mob even the best of people can commit the worst of acts.
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  12. The highest scoring RAF squadron in the Battle of Britain was 303 squadron which was manned by Polish pilots.
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  13. Nice to see that an English eccentric can find a home in San Francisco. I do hope the bridge is renamed in his honour. Considering how many get such things, despite them having a the very least a somewhat checked past, it would be nice for someone to receive the honour who actually wanted only the best for his fellow citizens. I did know about Norton but not in any great depth so it is nice to get a fuller biography of him. I have often said if I learn something new I have had a good day. Today was a very good day.
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  14. I subscribe to a naval history channel and just before this video i watched a video about the Battle of the North Cape and the sinking of the Scharnhorst. I think the words of Admiral Fraser led the British in the battle and who briefed his officers on board Duke of York after the battle are appropriate here. He said "Gentlemen, the battle against Scharnhorst has ended in victory for us. I hope that if any of you are ever called upon to lead a ship into action against an opponent many times superior, you will command your ship as gallantly as Scharnhorst was commanded today" I think that those words definitely apply here.
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  15. There are further links in this chain. Eddie Cochran was friends with Buddy Holly, the Big Bopper and of course Richie Valens. Their deaths effected him so badly he stopped touring as he had developed a morbid premonition that he also would die young. However because of financial responsibilities he was required that he continue to perform live, and that led to his acceptance of an offer to tour the United Kingdom in 1960. On Saturday 16 April just before midnight he was involved in a traffic accident. Cochran died of his injuries in hospital four hours later, they others in the car all surviving, though others were injured including Gene Vincent and Cochran's fiancée Sharon Sheeley. As a couple of follow ups, after the accident the car and other items from the crash were impounded at the local police station until a coroner's inquest could be held. A police cadet at the station, David Harman, taught himself to play guitar on Cochran's impounded Gretsch. He would later become known as Dave Dee of the band Dave Dee, Dozy, Beaky, Mick & Tich. Two of their songs sold over one million copies each. Gene Vincent tour the UK again in 1961 and moved to the UK in 1963. When touring the UK in 1963 one member of the backing band was Ritchie Blackmore who, in 1968, would be a founding member of Deep Purple.
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  16. I did know about Charles Fryatt as I have long had an interest in the Great Eastern Railways. German claims of 'unlawful combatant' was used widely during the Franco Prussian War and would be used again during both world wars. This would include the British nurse Edith Cavell who was also executed by the Germans because she helped 200 Allied soldiers escape. This despite the fact that she is known for saving the lives of soldiers from both sides without discrimination. Amongst those ships sunk by German U-Boats were two Red Cross ships carrying the wounded back to Britain. Despite the fact that they clearly displayed the markings of such ships. The Germans had claimed they were carrying contraband such as weapons and ammunition but the Red Cross had investigated such claims and decided they were unfounded. But that did not stop the Germans torpedoing two of them. In both cases without warning.
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  17. I think the term 'A colourful character' is rather apt here. His life may not have been blameless but it certainly was very interesting.
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  18. I had heard of Corrigan and his "wrong way" flight. And as a typical Irishman he had a good story, well worth retelling.
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  19. Charles McGill Thanks for the extra information. The difference between disaster and survival is a very fine line and can be down to the skill and expertise of just a few people.
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  20. Thanks for that. I had no idea it went back so far.
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  21. I knew about the Dreadnought hoax but I was only vaguely aware of the earlier one. You have to admire anyone who had the nerve to pull something like that off.
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  22. A quick note about the Luddites. Their complaint was based on the fact that as skilled weavers they were being replaced by low paid unskilled workers, sound familiar. But there are a couple of points which are often missed. Firstly many of them were self employed, business men not workers. And they realised that the big factories were taking away their businesses by undercutting them on cost wise. Secondly some of them were actual factory owners who had were not happy with this choice of running a large factory, but only took that direction because they saw the alternative of losing their businesses as had happened to others. Britain, at the time, was a very patriarchal society and a man running a business saw himself as father to his workers. This meant constantly watching over them and controlling their every move as a father would with a child. They believed that having such a large workforce would dilute if not break that patriarchal link with their workers and were not happy about it. For them the factories spelled disaster, not just for business but for the country and their way of life. This actually led to them getting their own factories attacked. A law was introduced making it illegal for people to band together which would be used to fight the Luddites. Though the fact that the factory owners were also banding together was ignored.
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  23. You have to wonder what would have happened had not the runway been clear. The pilots would probably never even seen it. As so often it is the little things which can make such a difference. Thanks for the video.
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  24. In the world of the Internet we often do not realise the impact of the invention of the telegraph. During the Crimean War, 1853 to 1856, the telegraph allowed the British Army command to send ad receive messages in a matter of hour. Whereas the Russians, without the telegraph and very poor roads, assuming there was a road, it could take days or even weeks for the Russian commander to get and receive messages from Moscow. The British newspaper, The Telegraph, came about because it could get stories from anywhere in the world into the paper within 24 hours of it happening. Some parts of London had telegram deliveries of 13 times a day, letter where 12 times a day. And for some it had a huge social impact. Middle class women with a good education would be employed because they proved better telegraphists then most men. Prior to that options were limited. Interesting that you showed a picture of the old Commodore 64 as its return has just been announced. Even more interesting is that it was reputed to have the same computing power as the Apollo Lunar Lander. Wonder if the plans are on Wikipedia.
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  25.  @BigHenFor  I am sure you will know, but others may not be aware, of the significance of this medal. The George Cross is the second highest award and is the civilian equivalent of the Victoria Cross, Britains highest military honour. It instituted on 24 September 1940 by King George VI. Malta was awarded to the island of Malta in a letter dated 15 April 1942. The king wrote that it was, 'To honour her brave people, I award the George Cross to the Island Fortress of Malta to bear witness to a heroism and devotion that will long be famous in history.'
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  26. One of my favourite sandwiches is smoked bacon, brie and cranberry sauce. Now, fond as I am of this sandwich, I have a feeling I am never going to eat enough for of them for the cranberry sauce to be a problem.
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  27. I have heard this story before, recently in fact, but it rarely has the same intensity of emotion as you get with The History Guy.
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  28. Your description of the pilot being buffeted about in the cockpit and striking his head reminded me about the incident which brought about the death of the test pilot Geoffrey de Havillend jr while flying the de Havillend DH 108, an aircraft similar to the Me 163 in shape but with a jet engine. While flying the aircraft he experienced buffeting and then the aircraft broke up in midair. The body of de Havillend was found and the parachute had not been opened. He also had a broken neck. It is thought that because of his height, well over six feet tall, he had struck his head on the top of the canopy and was either killed immediately or had been knocked unconscious before sustaining his fatal injury. He had been wearing the old fashioned leather flying helmet which gave very limited protection. Interestingly not long after this incident the de Havillend company received a package from America. A box with two of the new helmets which were being issued to the US Army Air Force. Apparently test pilots in the US had heard about the death of Geoffrey de Havillend jr and had sent the new helmets in order to help the other test pilots. An act of kindness which, I am sure, was much appreciated.
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  29. I do remember this incident. And I remember seeing the photographs and wondering, like everyone else, how it had stayed together. It can be quite amazing what damage an aircraft can survive. I have seen a photograph of an aircraft, I think it was a Douglas C-54 Skymaster, which had a very large hole in the top of the aircraft just in front of the tail where a Japanese aircraft deliberately rammed the aircraft. It looked like something had taken a huge bite out of the aircraft. The aircraft survived the encounter and managed to get back to an airfield where it landed. The Japanese pilot was less fortunate and was killed in the collision.
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  30. sirrliv Thanks for your contribution here. I did know about the ships being built in France and Britain though I had forgotten about the flaws in the French warships. Not only were the Japanese ships built here in Britain but the British Royal Navy also trained the Japanese Navy here in Britain. The highlight of the visit by the Japanese was a visit to Fred Jane and taking part in his navel wargames using models and a set of rule he devised. Fred Jane was the founding editor of Jane's authoritative military reference books which are still being produced today. I live in Kingston upon Hull in Yorkshire and we have a connection with this war. When the Russian Baltic Fleet was passing through the North Sea they came across some of Hull trawlers. The Russians panicked and thinking they had come under attack by Japanese torpedo boats opened fire upon the trawlers, killing and wounding several trawlermen. Apparently, because Russia knew that Britain was supplying the Japanese Navy with its ships they thought that the Japanese had sent torpedo boats out from British ports in order to attack the Baltic Fleet. There was a huge outcry about the attack and calls for the Royal Navy to attack the Russian fleet, but it was allowed to go on its way. They probably had a good idea of the Baltic Fleets fate anyway and decided to let the Japanese deal with them. This incident makes you think about the state of mind of the Russians. They know their Pacific Fleet has been destroyed, that they now face an epic voyage to the other side of the world and they are sailing ships which they know are inferior to those of the Japanese Navy. Because of the closeness of the British and Japanese navy's the British had unparalleled access to the Japanese Navy and all of the information about how the Japanese Navy and its ships had performed. This would have helped the Royal Navy when it decided to build the Dreadnought. There is a local museum in Hull which includes photographs of the trawlers on return to Hull and also parts of the trawlers which had received damage.
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  31. Well I would like to say, from this side of The Pond, as the Atlantic is sometimes referred to, to all those the other of The Pond, Happy Thanks Giving. And to everyone in the rest of the world have a great weekend. Thanks Giving. The day to give thanks for all the things you have. Followed by Black Friday when you go out and buy more things. How do Americans not understand irony?
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  32. I love the idea that someone thought George Harrison was trying out for the local band. I have to wonder what he said when he saw the Beetles on the Ed Sullivan Show.
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  33. Dean Stuart, I have had occasion to correct The history Guy on British pronunciation in the past. But as he is such a Nice Guy as well as The History Guy I think it is only fair to forgive his short comings. :) Charles putnam 1982 Italy's poor reputation, as you probably know, stems from their mass surrender early in the war in North Africa. In the same situation, and bearing in mind their total lack of water, any other troops would have also surrendered. But it was felt by those who fought against them that the Italians surrendered to quickly and that the British and Commonwealth troops would have held out for longer before doing so as a show of defiance. But having said that they did fight bravely to the point where they had lost many of their tanks in battle in North Africa. Despite their equipment being the poorest of either side. And I understand that on the Eastern Front they were regarded as Germany best allies. Here they did use German equipment which helped, but that begs the question of how much more of a threat they would have been if they were better equipped and led. Apparently when picking the next Italian tank to go into production Mussolini stared at to pictures of the two possible tanks and after 15 minutes pointed to one and that is the one that went into production. That was it. Nothing about which was the better of the two. Which had the best armour, or gun, or reliability. just point to a picture and say "that on." Mind boggled.
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  34. The US Navy was told were the bomb had hit the water off Spain by the local but they thought they knew better so ignored him. But eventually they had to get him to show them where it had landed and sure enough there it was. As a child I used to watch the British Royal Air force's Vulcan bombers fly over, they were based in Lincolnshire to the south. I used to watch these huge white triangles fly to and from their bases. I sometimes heard them fly over at night time when I was in bed and, oddly enough when you realised what they would be carrying if we went to war, I always felt safe knowing they were there.
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  35. What happened in Paris happened in various degrees elsewhere. The census for England in 1801 shows that some 80% of the population was rural while the 1901 census shows that the total opposite. By the middle of the century overcrowding was such a problem that it was not unusual for several families to share just one room. So the second half of the century saw huge building projects where thousands of terraced houses were built. New schools were added after the education act and things slowly improved. Interestingly many of these terraced houses were themselves removed in the 60s and 70s when new housing was built.
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  36. I must admit I was suspicious of the two men from the start, so I was not surprised when it turned out to be fake. But having said that the others thought they were conning these two men out of their claim. And lets face it, who does not like it when the underdogs win through. If these two men had gone out and cheated ordinary people then that is one thing, but these were people who were defeated by their own greed and stupidity. The con men got conned.
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  37. Well although he did not get to see it he did eventually provide for his family. Thanks for the video. It is interesting how often the pioneers are not the ones to benefit from their discoveries. During the DotCom boom I remember reading about a US business were you could order your grocers online and they would deliver them to you. They even had software developed especially for their business. It failed because at that time no one was interested in ordering their groceries online. Now all the major supermarkets do just that. Even Amazon are now doing it.
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  38. The problems with quality control during wartime can be huge headache, especially when everything seems to be needed yesterday. And the more complex the project the harder it is to keep on top of things.
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  39. She sounds part horse and part goat. Part goat not just for her climbing ability but her goat like desire to eat anything.
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  40. As you said the British Unknown Warrior was buried in Westminster Abbey amongst the kings. He is unique in that, unlike the other burials in Westminster, you cannot stand on his tomb. You can stand on the tomb of a king but not his. One tradition with regards the tomb is that after getting married a royal bride visits the tomb and leaves her wedding bouquet on the tomb. This was started by the Queens mother who had lost her brother during the war and decided she would leave her bouquet in his memory. Since that day all royal brides have left their bouquets as well. Not all who were buried were unknown. In one country a boy, whose father was killed in the Great War, was given the task of choosing who should represent his country's dead. He made his choice but he did so knowing it was his father who was in the coffin. At 11 am this Sunday I will be at our city's Cenotaph where the two minutes silence will be observed. Just as i did in 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2917. My paternal grandfather was on of Kitchener's Mob. He was in the 128th Heavy Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery and was at the Somme and Passchendeale. He survived the war and came home. How it effected him mentally I do not know, though I think I can have a good guess. One thing I do know is that it effected his hearing, firing those big 60 pounders day after day.
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  41. Actually I do have evidence. It is a well known fact that Wayne did not serve in the army. John Ford used to humiliate him about it. In one film Wayne was the only actor in the film who had not served so Ford gave the military rank as well as their name to all those who had served in the end credits. Wayne was Mr. John Wayne. Wayne was exempted because he was 34 at the time of Pearl Harbour. But at that time the age limit was 36 year and six months. So he would be eligible to serve. And in early 1942 this was changed to the duration of the war plus a six-month. As he had a family he was classified as 3-A - family deferment. This, I understand, would be something Wayne himself would need to claim for. Henry Fonda was 36 and also had children but served anyway. The story of him being booed came from a highly regarded documentary series about WW2 where one of the US marines who was there related the story of what happened. The documentary series, I believe, was The World at War. It may possibly have been episode 23, The Pacific. None of what I wrote is anecdotal. I studied at university where I was awarded a degree in archaeology so I know the importance of facts.
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  42. John Wayne managed to to dodge combat in WW 2. All the enemies he faced were extras in Hollywood. There was an incident during the war where he was part of a group entertaining the troops. The curtain opened to find him stood there dressed as a cowboy. The audience, wounded US Marines who had been fighting the Japanese on all the various islands booed him off the stage. Wayne was in favour of the US fighting various wars as long as he was not asked to do the fighting. Laurence Olivier was a fighter pilot in the Royal Navy in WW 2. I understand that when he asked to be granted leave to film Henry V the Navy was happy to oblige. Apparently he had crashed so many aircraft he was in danger of becoming a German Air Ace.
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  43. There was, of course, the incident in the 80s when an image from a Russian satellite looked like an American ICBM had been launched. Fortunately the Russian officer viewing the image hesitated and then realised it was not a ICBM being launched. It was actually the Sun striking a cloud but looked like a missile launch. As it happened he was the only one on duty who had a civilian education before joining up. He said if it had been one of his colleges they would not have waited and would have informed their superior of the launch. The thing is the Russians were expecting an attack. Because of the heightened rhetoric of President Ronald Reagan and Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher the Russian leader Yuri Andropov was convinced the West was going to launch a preemptive attack on Russia. So if the had received the information about the supposed ICBM launched they would not have waited. So WW3 would have been caused by the Sun hitting a cloud. When Reagan finally heard about how close we came to total destruction he did have enough sense to dial back the rhetoric.
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  44. I have seen the Lightning a number of times. In fact it was the last aircraft, apart from the air sea rescue Sea Kings, to be stationed at RAF Leconfield, not far from where I live. It was so fast that it went supersonic while climbing just after takeoff for its very first flight. And despite the claims of others it was the first aircraft to use supercruise, the ability to go supersonic without the use of the afterburner. Saw it give a display at the BAE factory at Brough. It flow past just and the noise from it was awesome.
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  45. Craig Dillion I think Mr Shakespeare, amongst many others, may disagree with you about the Irish showing us how to use our language. What it did do was allow a nation of natural story tellers access to a much bigger market then they would have. To my knowledge Ireland has provided the world with no fewer then nine winners of the Nobel prize for literature. "The British either cannot spell or do not know how to pronounce their own language" are you sure you do not mean the French. It's our language and we will speak it as we choose.
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  46. It's interesting how often some of the most important roles are carried out by people who are not there to fight, such as in this example or the medic/corpsman. I remember watching an American documentary about the US Coast Guard in Viet Nam. Many dismissed the coast guards involvement because they did not understand what they were doing and thought they were just covering things like making sure dangerous stores, such as artillery shells, were handled properly when being unloaded from the ships. What the people back home did not know was that when they watched film footage of airmen being rescued by helicopters in North Viet Nam was that many of the helicopter crews were coast guards. And when you watched the films of landing craft in the Delta region working with the special forces they were also coast guard. The special forces preferred working with them. They were also tasked with stopping North Viet Nam's supplies being shipped into the Delta. More supplies were sent to the Delta then down the Ho Chi Min Trail. I did knew something about the US Coast Guards involvement in Viet Nam, such as the helicopters and the landing craft with the special forces, but much of it I did not know. Nor the extent of their involvement in the things I did know about. Ironically I did not know about their involvement in health and safety in the posts, the one thing most Americans know about the coast guards involvement in Viet Nam. Have you ever come across the British Commando unit the Combined Operations Pilotage parties. One of their roles was to survey the beaches in Normandy to make sure they could take all the vehicles coming ashore, as well as surveying the beach defences. It was because of them the landings took place when the tide was out as the landing craft would have had to deal with all the booby trapped beach obstacles. They also served on D-Day itself as they were tasked with guiding in the landing crafts. More then one of them lost their lives doing that.
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  47. A true story for you which chimes with this video and the previous one on chickens. In England in, I believe, in the 18th century a man was having a problem with one of his servants stealing from him, so he came up with a scheme to find the culprit. First he placed a large black cockrol in the middle of a darkened room. He then told his servants that they must each take it in turns to go into the room where they must stroke the cockrol before leaving by another door. By doing this the cockrol would be able to tell who was guilt. So each one of the servants went into the room and sure enough the culprit was found with the help of the cockrol. You see the cockrol, which as I said was black, was covered in soot. So when you touched it you got soot on your hands. The guilty person fearing he would be caught had not touched the bird so had clean hands. Ironic about the clean hands. Usually this refers to someone who is innocent.
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  48. A very big thanks for this video. I had heard of him but only as the man who came second to Jesse Owen and as the other black athlete. So it is nice to hear more about him. You have to wonder what he would have achieved if the 1940 Olympics had taken place. With training and better equipment he would have given Owen a run for his money, literally.
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  49. You've got the makings of a whole new YouTube channel. Or should that be YouTuber channel
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  50. Probably best to do the maths before you drink the beer.😊
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  51. Everyone thinks of the big ships but it is always the small ships which see the most action. The attack on the submarine by USS Ward is depicted in the film Tora, Tora, Tora. It was not realised until recently that a photograph taken by a Japanese aircrewman taken during the attack actually shows a torpedo track from a submarine which got into the harbour.
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  52. Well ar least he was not coveting his neighbours ox.
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  53. In the Manchester Airport Disaster on 22nd August 1985 a British Airtours had a problem when the port, left, engine caught fire during takeoff. The crew managed to abort the takeoff and when they got to the end of the runways turned to the right to clear it before stopping to allow the evacuation to begin. Unfortunately this meant that the wind blew straight along the wing and set the cabin on fire where 54 people died, with one more dying in hospital. If the pilot had turned left instead of right the wind would have blown away from the cabin and most, if not all, could have survived.
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  54. The British offered to help the US with a strategy to fight the U-Boats but the American admiral in charged refused that help. He said he did not need help from the British. Echos of WW1 when Pershing refused help from the British and French as he knew how to win the war. Apparently bayonet charging German machinegun positions was how it should be done.
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  55. I knew about the disappearing guns but this is the first time I have seen film footage of them in use, which was fascinating and shows it be be a rather clever device. The dynamite guns I had seen before as the YouTube channel Drachinifel had produced a video on their use on a US Navy ship. In this case the guns were in a fixed position and the amount of pressure was varied to increase or decrease the range. There is an old coastal defence position near me which had something similar to the disappearing guns but this was a hidden searchlight. Used during WW1 the searchlight was placed in a pit and shone upwards onto a mirror which would deflect the light out over the river. The idea was that if fired on and damaged the mirror was easier to replace then the searchlight. It was positioned in such a way it could shine just above the river and illuminate any ships passing along it.
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  56. I'm the same. Maybe the three of use should start our on YouTube channel. Useless Information You Didn't Know about. Kinda catchy don't you think :)
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  57. Highly volatile fuels on a submarine. Which is also the cause of the Kursk explosion 14 years later. And the same old excuse of collision with a NATO submarine was trotted out for both accidents. The British had been experimenting with a similar torpedo to those on the Kursk back in the 1950s and also had an explosion through a leak of the torpedoes fuel. This was on HMS Sidon on 16 June 1955. 13 crew were killed but because the Sidon was in the harbour at the time the rest of the grew escaped. Britain had enough sense to cancel the torpedo research programme, which make you wonder why the Russians thought it was a good idea. The British had, what I believe, is the worlds first attack submarine. It was the R-class submarine, of which 10 were built with the first being commissioned in 1918. They were designed to hunt German submarines using hydrophones to locate and track them. It was very streamlined for its day, with no deck gun or external ballast tanks. She could do 14 knots submerged and 9 knots on the surface.
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  58. Love the idea that the ships used on this expedition were named after birds.
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  59. A British sculptor cause a scandal during the Victorian period with a discovery about Roman marble figures which he decided to incorporate in his next work. For many years is was thought that the Romans displayed the figures in the natural marble. But then it was discovered they did, in fact, paint the figures. So this sculptor made a marble figure of a woman in the Roman style and then painted her as the Romans would have. Seeing a naked woman in marble was acceptable because it was regarded as artistic. But to see her naked and painted to represent skin colour was, in the minds of some, a scandal and deffinatelly not art. The sculptor was quickly removed from display and, I believe, was sold. Hopefully to someone who appreciated art.
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  60. You mentioned that the Jaguar car had disc brakes which were obviously better. I remember seeing British cars having a little notice on the back of the car warning that it had disc brakes. This was to let other drivers know that this car could brake in a shorter distance so you should allow more space between your car and it. James Dean originally wanted a British car with disc brakes but at that time they could not be exported. So he bought a Porsche 550 Spyder instead. Makes you wonder what would have happened if he had the British car with disc brakes. I did read an article published some years ago by an expert who used photographic evidence when studying road traffic accidents. He said that despite claims to the contrary Dean was not speeding at the time of the accident.
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  61. I am always fascinated by stories like these. How hugely important events can be triggered by such tiny events. "for want of a nail" as the saying goes.
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  62. From 1966 to 1967 I used to listen to Radio 270 of the coast near Scarborough. I was very young at the time but it was great fun. Interesting you mentioned the bombing of Liverpool which often claims to be the most bombed city other then London. This is not correct. My home town of Kingston upon Hull on the East Coast was the most bombed, other then London, with over 90% of its buildings receiving some damage from bombing. One of the reasons for this is that being on the East Coast Hull is easier to find then Liverpool, which required the Germans to fly over England and navigation was very primitive. They did have a navigation aid which used two radio beams to guide their bombers but we found a way to effect the signal so it lost accuracy. And the further it had to fly the less accurate is became. Later during the war a number of very seccessful decoy schemes were introduced around the country which made it even harder to find their target at night.
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  63.  @thatsnodildo1974  Many regular army units took part in war crimes as did many individual. There was an incident in Poland just after the invasion when a German soldier was shot. Many locals were rounded up and executed but it was an accidental shooting by a fellow German soldier. The same thing happened in WW1 during the invasion of Belgium. The usual excuse was that they were ordered to it and were afraid of what would happen if they refused. One German soldier who did refuse was returned to his unit and nothing happened to him. In another incident a German tank commander stopped an SS man who was assaulting a civilian. It did effect his promotions and medals but that's all.
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  64. Interesting to hear the other half of a famous couple. Thanks for that.
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  65. I did know about the the first two but not the B17. Interesting that they were trying to get rid of excess weight for it to fly better. Trouble is they were the excess weight.
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  66. Having read about Gettysburg I knew about Sickles and his temporary insanity plea, so it is nice to get a fuller explanation of the incident.
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  67. One of the interesting things about King Alfred and the bible is that because he was having difficulty learning Latin he had made notes in old English. The interesting part is that he wrote using runes which had previously been thought to have been only used for inscriptions and not everyday use.
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  68. I knew very little about Kate but you have to admire her for being her own person. You also have to wonder what she could achieve today with much more opportunities for women.
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  69. When Gordon was asked to go out to Africa one of his aims was to abolish slavery. With this in mind he approached a good friend of his Sir Samuel Baker, who had spent much time in Africa and was well know for successes at stopping slavery in Africa. Gorgon asked Sir Samuel to take his place as Gordon thought Sir Samuel would be more successful on the mission. Sir Samuel had to turn Gordon down as his wife, lady Florence Baker, who had accompanied him on all his expeditions, now just wanted to stay at home having had her fill of travel. So Gordon went as planned. I have read Sir Samuel's biography and it reads like a true life boys own adventure.
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  70. I did know about Lake Nyasa and the naval battle. Also the connection with the Germans sister ship and the film The Africa Queen. But it is still very enjoyable to watch your video about what happened. I do hope you follow this up with the Battle for Lake Tanganyika. One of the ships involved in that, the Graf von Goetzen, is still in service as the MV Liemba. Which means as a WW1 German warship she has faired better the the High Seas Fleet. The British naval forces was commanded by one Captain Geoffrey Spicer-Simson who was known for his idiosyncrasies. and would probably make an interesting video in his own right. An eccentric in the finest of English traditions.
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  71. Ambushing Tiger tanks and attacking from the rear was often the only way to kill them. That's how they got Michael Wittmann. Interesting that the final throw of the dice for Germany in the west in both world wars involved German troops from the Eastern Front. The trouble for those troops is that in both cases they were used to fighting in the open space of the Eastern Front, as opposed to the more confined space of the fighting in the west. This was illustrated perfectly by the fact that the Bulge attack was across the direction of the landscape making their task more fraught then it needed to be. The attack was south east to north west while the ridges and valleys were north east to south west. The attack should not have been the surprise it was. US military intelligence, through the Ritchie Boys, had warned the top brass about the build up in the Ardennes. But they just dismissed the idea. Ironically a number of Ritchie Boys were captured by the SS and summarily executed.
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  72. What about all those who turned up carrying garbage then had to take it home again because it was not as bad as they thought it would be.
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  73. I did know about Magellan and the fact that he did not make it back. But how he died was something I did not know. How many leaders have died by underestimating their enemy. Sir Frances Drake's circumnavigation of the world affected English law. When he sailed around the world the problem for the sailors families was that they did not know if the sailors were alive or dead. So wives did not know if they were married or widows. When Drake arrived back after three years it was determined that three years would be the requirement for deciding if the men were dead or not and therefore their wives could be declared widows. This also meant she was free to remarry. Just imagine if the husband was not dead and walked in on his wife with her new husband. "Look at you" he declares, "I'm away for three years and a day and you jump into bed with anther man." :)
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  74. There was a similar problem in Britain with girls painting watch and clock dials suffering from the radiation. In a similar vein girls working at match factories in London in the 1880's suffered from the white phosphorous used in the making of the matches destroying their jaw bones. The problem was that the safer red phosphorous was much more expensive. Eventually through pressure and others using the more expensive red phosphorous the main producer of matches using white phosphorous changed over to red. The denials by the company reminded me of the tobacco companies doing the same things with regards the connection between smoking and cancer. This despite the connection being proven back in the 1930's.
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  75. Helium Road Don't tell me you did a "Wargames" with a Titan II missile.
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  76. Well that was definitely history that need to be remembered as I had never read of the fire. It did remind me of something which happened here in Britain. Many of the records of those who served in the British armed forces in WW1 were stored in a warehouse in London. Unfortunately the warehouse was destroyed by the Germans in the Blitz in WW2. Though many important documents had been removed from London these were not amongst them. You mentioning about preserving documents from the 1890 census reminded me of something I came across several years ago. During excavations at Pompeii a number of piece of what was thought to be charcoal were found. The would have been used for cooking. Then someone looked at them and realised they were in fact rolls of paper, the type the Romans would have used for documents. They had been burnt by the fires caused by the volcanic eruptions. When they were examined in a laboratory it was realised that though they had been burnt that, under the right conditions, they could be read. Light acts differently to the ink to then it does to the burnt material they were made from and some of the text could be read. Unfortunately this would not have been available back then but if they had preserved the documents who knows what they could have found.
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  77. When you look at people like Martin Luther King Jr you realise that one of the reasons they stand so tall is because they are stood on the shoulders of others, such as Galloway. This is not to detract from what Martin Luther King did, but it does show that the path people like him followed was one that others had also walked.
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  78.  @susannagarlitz792  Interestingly during WW2 many Americans stationed in England had difficulty understanding many local dialectics with the reverse also being true. There is a shop near an American airforce base in England which has a sign in the window which read, English Spoken American Understood.
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  79. Surely that would be a horse drawn sleight chase. Now that has got to be worth watching. One of the pursuing sleights doing a sliding turn taking out a row of snow men. Carrots and coal all over the place. 😊
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  80. History according to Hollywood rarely has more then a passing resemblance to reality.
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  81. Not the only ones Javier 86. US pilots for the Korean War have been said to have ended up in Russia and some aircrew from the Vietnam War, such as F4 radar operators are said to have ended up there.
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  82. That's probably because she has not got superpowers. They do not know how to write about people who can only fly by using an aircraft. Sad state of affairs.
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  83. I forgot to mention about the statue to commemorate those who died or were injured. It is in an area of Hull called Hessle Road nearby to where the dock, known as Fish Dock, was located. And where many of those who went to sea or worked on in the dock lived. And it would not be the last time Hull trawlermen was involved on combat. During both world wars many served in the Royal Navy some on the very same trawlers they would have been on in peacetime. They often acted as convoy escort to convoys sailing around Britain, a job which was very dangerous. Especially during the Second World War as Hull is on the East Coast which is closest to German. Hull, in fact, was the second most bombed city in Britain, the first being London.
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  84. When were are told someone invented this or that what we are often actually saying is someone took existing ideas and found a new way of using them. Back in 1978 the was a BBC television series, appropriately, called Connections, created, written, and presented by science historian James Burke. The shows demonstrated how various discoveries, scientific achievements, and historical world events were built from one another successively and this interconnectivity brought about modern technology. The BBC was producing television programmes before WW2 and when war was declared on 3rd September 1939 they were broadcasting of a Disney cartoon. The cartoon was halted part way through and when broadcasting was resumed after the war ended the rest of the cartoon was shown. No mention of a caption card saying 'Sorry for the delay but there were technical difficulties what with the war and everything.' I forgot to mention we had cable locally from a company called Rediffusion which began broadcasting 22 September 1955. As well as renting out the cable they also ran a rental chain for TVs and radios and later VCRs and hi-fi systems. They were bought out in 1984. Just last week as I walked down the street I came across a small manhole cover which said Rediffusion on it.
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  85. I had vague idea there was more to him then his reputation would have us believe. Definitely well worth remembering. Thanks
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  86. I was aware of this operation but not of the details so many thanks for that. The Vichy forces may have held out longer then those of France in 1940 but the forces in France were very much hamstrung by political interference. This came about before the war when the French government was in fear of a military coup and because of this had put an excessive constants on the French Army. This resulted in commanding officers not carrying out orders until they had a copy of those orders in hand. Because of this the Germans were able to exploit situations much quicker then the French. A couple of quick corrections. Quay is pronounced key. I dare say quay was originally pronounced as you did but over time it has changed to key. And HMS Ramillies is pronounced Ram i lees. I hope you do not mind me correcting them, after all we are all here to learn. And I am sure there are American placenames I would get wrong.
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  87. We all know about the big warships, but it is usually the smaller ships like destroyers and submarines which see the most action.
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  88. Very interesting. Thanks for that. Everyone knows about places like Chicago and New York but you don't the smaller places are rarely heard of. I am not sure why they thought prohibition would be a success. It looks to me like it had not been thought it through. Banning the production and sale of alcohol was not going to stop people wanting to have a drink. And as we all know where there's a will there's a way. We did have a temperece movement here in the UK which date back to the 19th century but to many people's livelihood were tied up in it for it to have succeeded in banning the sale of alcohol.
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  89. I have read about this event and the mystery of the missing crew. I had wondered if, while they were examining the oil slick, one of them had opened the door to take a better look while it was doing a low level pass. Then, whilst doing so, he had over balanced and fell out but was hanging on to part of the airship. His crewmate had tried to pull him back in but then they both fell out into the ocean.
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  90. One thing the film probably got wrong was Cassidy's accent. His father came from Lancashire in England and as Butch was raised on their farm he picked up his father's accent. In fact Butch's family have said he sounded like the late Lancastrian actor, singer-songwriter and comedian, George Formby. And another connection is the Formby's early career was as a stable boy and jockey. Formby's catchphrase was 'it's turned out nice again' and I did wonder if Butch ever used it after a successful bank raid.😊
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  91. Not what you would call an exclusive club. Membership of millions.
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  92. Obviously the watermelon was more of a match lighting the powder keg. If it had not been that it could well have been something else. The Arab Spring started when a young street vendor committed suicide over constant police harassment. But that young mans death was, as with this cast, the catalyst. And again if it had not been him it may well have been something else.
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  93.  @jamestheotherone742  Surely both were rejecting a culture they disapproved of. And considering what the Nazi's did to others shows that they held the lives of other cheaply as well. There may be detailed differences but over all they are very similar.
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  94. I had heard of these submarines but I knew nothing of what they did. So it is good to find out more about them. I noticed some of the photographs show U-155 near Tower Bridge. Obviously post war. The British R Class submarine was built specifically to hunt German submarines in WW1. It could run at 14 knots submerged and had six torpedo tubes but no deck gun. The inclusion of a deck gun would have reduced her submerged speed. She also included a hydrophone array in her bow which would allow her to track German submarines while the British submarine was submerged. Though they did not come into service until the end of the war one did successfully hunt and fire on a German submarine but unfortunately they only hit failed to go off. It was not until 1945 that a British submarine succeeded in sinking another submerged submarine.
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  95. A very interesting story and very typical of such situations where the law can be monopolised and manipulated by a powerful group. It reminded me of the Anglo-Scottish Border Reivers of the 16th century. There were various powerful local families controlling the border between England and Scotland, many of whom used the law to enhance their power. Interestingly there were some so powerful the just ignored the law and did what they wanted to. And jail breaks were not uncommon. The The Hatfield–McCoy feud was a school yard dust up compared to what these families got up to. A bit of Anglo-Scottish-American history for you. When Nixon first became president at his inauguration there was Lyndon Johnson and Billy Graham. If you went to the western end of the Anglo-Scottish border and then draw a circle with a 15 mile radius then within the radius you would find the Johnson's, the Nixon's and the Graham's. Their ancestors. All powerful border reivers. And Neil Armstrong, the first man on the moon, is a descendent of the most powerful and feared of these families.
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  96. It's a shame that those who coined the phrase decided not to include Porto Rico. You can fight and die for America but if your Porto Rican you do not get a vote about going to war.
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  97. Great video. Because many of us no longer face animals such as wolves or bears we forget what it's for them and use to live next to each other. The nearest large carnivora near me is an urban fox. I have only seen it once but finding the remains of the odd pigeon shows it's still about. I knew about the two Kenyan lions as I saw a dramatised documentary about them some years ago. Interestingly the Maasai Mara of southern Kenya and northern Tanzania have a way of dealing with lions which teaches the lions not to attack them. The Maasai Mara carry a long staff to protect themselves if the lions get to close. But it is the stones they carry and how they use them that is the most effective method of dealing with lions. If the Maasai Mara sees a lion they will use the stones to drive it away, even if the lions are not being a threat. The Maasai Mara will even change their route just to throw stones at the lions and drive them off. This may seem cruel but it teaches the lions to stay away from the Maasai Mara. This helps keep both safe as the Maasai Mara will not be attacked by the lions and that means the lions in turn will not become man eaters and then be hunted.
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  98. Once again you present us with a nugget of history to which I thank you. You have to wonder how people like him and Thomas Jefferson can proclaim all men are born equal yet at the same time keep slaves. And not just them. If you go back several hundred years even the pope kept slaves. But there is an old northern English saying that "there's nowt as queer as folk (there is nothing as strange as people) sums it up.
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  99. rpl palacio My late father, a British army NCO, would definitely agree with you here. The generals may dream up the battleplans, and get all the glory when it goes right, but it is the NCOs who make it work. And I put my vote on this little Mexican getting the Medal of Honor for your next video, History Guy. Knowing the Japanese view of surrendering I am now intrigued as to how he did it.
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  100. I have seen a documentary on the K19, but not the film, so I knew what happened to the boat and its crew. Yes, at the time they were our undeclared enemies, but you have to admire their courage. Especially those who went into the reactor knowing what it would do to them.
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  101. Pick the right channels and you can get a very good educations here,
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  102. Weddings must have been an interesting, if somewhat dangerous, affair. I think one vital stipulation would be no balloons. Last thing you'd need would be one of those bursting.
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  103.  @larryg3326  It may seem odd but the shipwrights were looking for curved trees. If you look at the old sailing ships the ribs are curved. So they looked for curved tree trunks. The reason they were looking for curved trees is that they had a natural strength to them. Where as if you had to make these ribs it would have involved attaching two or more parts together. The joints would have been a source of weakness. Long straight trunks would have been used for the keel. England had run out of such suitable trees in the Middle Ages and most of the wood came from the Baltic region. Much of it came through the post of Kingston upon Hull. During the Napoleonic War one man, sorry I have forgotten his name, would carry acorns with him and wherever he went he would plant them. He knew that it would take two hundred years for them to grow to the point they could be used but he wanted the Royal Navy to have a British source of oak tree. To the best of my knowledge none of them have been used in the construction of the Royal Navy's two new aircraft carriers.
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  104. Mathematics was the work of the devil. Explains much of what they tried to teach me when I was at school. especially as many maths teacher cannot explain why we needed to learn it.
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  105. When you see news reports it is always one thing which caused the disaster. Then when you look into it you find there is always other things which went wrong before that.
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  106.  @eottoe2001  Interestingly at the start of WW1 there was little animosity towards Germans in the UK. But as the war progressed this changed and German owned shops would be attacked in some areas. Some shops with foreign sounding names had to put up notices stating they were not German.
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  107. Well we know him. And you have to wonder how things would have been had he, as his more famous brother had said, been the general instead.
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  108. The actor Jon Pertwee served on HMS Hood and was transferred off the ship for officer training shortly before she was sunk by the German battleship Bismarck. He must have known many of those who died when she was sunk.
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  109. When you hear about air accidents where an aircraft crashes because of a series of events it is great to come across one where a little bit of luck made all the difference.
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  110.  @pmvaldez1  Did make takeoff a bit tricky.
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  111. Thanks for that. I did know about the use of bazookas on the Piper Cub and the German aircraft brought down by pistol fire as the channel run by Mark Felton had covered both events but it is good to hear about them again and the background to the aircraft itself. I found the bringing down of the German aircraft by the use of pistols interesting because the very first air to air combat in WW1 involved the use of pistols. Contrast that with the fact that by this time both the British and the Germans were using 20 mm cannons, one shell from them would have destroyed either aircraft. The use of civilian aircraft was carried on during the Viet Nam War as well with the Cessna O-1 Bird Dog used by forward air controllers, which would later be replaced by the twin engined Cessna O-2 Skymaster. Many a soldiers life was saved by both of these aircraft.
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  112. Makes you wonder who else they got. America was not alone in any of these conflicts. I know there was a suspicion for a long time that a British pilot who had been flying an F86 in Korea had the same fate. Turns out he had died in the crash but who else survived and ended up in Moscow.
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  113. Jacob Zodag I think he has a note saying he is excused warfare because he has a bone in his foot. But on the upside it is the "greatest bone ever to be in anyone's foot." "Like no other president has ever had a bone as great as his." Then he goes off to find out when the War of 1812 was. Pity he doesn't have a general on his staff who could tell him.
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  114. Somewhat ironic that faced with the real thing he was just as disappointed as everyone else. I wonder if it was because he was so used to being a trickster that he could not appreciate the real article when he had it.
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  115. One of my first jobs was working in the stockroom at the top of a department store. This included using a lift with the metal scissor gate which I hated as I had come close to trapping my fingers in on more then one occasion. Especially when opening it. So I used to slam it open or shut as hard as I can moving my fingers out of the way as I did so. And I was not alone in doing this. Even the stockroom manager used to do it, roundly cursing it as he did so.
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  116. There is a move to ban stories about pirates unless the'res an R in the month. 😊👍
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  117. You have to wonder about Trump and Putin having a Royal Hunt. At least Putin could ride a horse and shot a gun, as well as being shirtless.
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  118. Does this mean we have to split the profits four ways.
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  119. I always thought the only rule in a knife fight was to make sure you are the one carrying the gun.👍
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  120. Another fine video History Guy. I know Sikorsky's envisioned role for the helicopter was to be one of rescue and that one of his helicopters had already been used for that purpose when some crewmen were rescued from a barge I believe. It was planned for a German helicopter to be used to rescue Mussolini when he was being held as a prisoner but the helicopter was not available as it was being used elsewhere.
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  121. What. Only twice a week. I'll have reached that limit by Tuesday.
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  122. Come on. We've all done one and thought it looks like a torpedo.
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  123. One of Napoleon's reforms which did not sit well with the people of France was changing from a seven to a ten day week. This meant that instead of working six days and resting on the seventh they had to work nine days and rest on the tenth. We must remember that France, like any other country at this time, was an agrarian economy and working for those three extra days before a rest day was to much for many of them. Napoleon, thankfully, realised his mistake and returned to the seven day week. On the two hundredth anniversary of the Battle of Trafalgar, which was a navel battle between the British Royal Navy and combined French and Spanish Fleets, a number of French officers were invited to visit Britain and were taken to see HMS Victory. Whilst on board the ship one French officer, seeing a number of cannonballs, asked if these were the ones fired at the French Navy. No, quipped a British officer, you've still got those.
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  124. Not like you can get out and push.
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  125. I believe he is what is referred to s a "colourful character". Thanks for the video. Very entertaining.
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  126. Interestingly though some British police forces have stopped using the custodian hat many still have it. And if you get into a vehicle you just remove it. I forgot to mention that the shape of the British Battle Bowler goes all the way back to the Medieval period as many infantry used something similar. Many archers at Agincourt wore it.
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  127. Now that would have been a good time to be a fly on the wall. More importantly what they talked about when they were not with each other. I think to be fair the average Russian citizen is no different to those from other countries, it's the governments we always seem to have problems with.
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  128. Like it. I knew maths was dangerous
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  129. Interestingly Senator John McCain spoke recently but Vietnam being a war where the rich could afford to avoid the draft whereas the poor could not. Obviously aimed at Donald Trump. I actually know about these riots. Some clips from the film The Gangs of New York came up on YouTube and being curious I decided to read up about New York at that time and came across the riot. I was actually aware of the riots before then but up until that point I had not researched what had happened. Interesting how many people think a war will be over quickly, especially large wars such as the American Civil War or WW1. I think the shortest major war in the last 200 years is the Franco-Prussian which lasted six months, though for the most part the campaign over in the first 30 days with the rest being the siege of Paris. Anyway, another very interesting piece of history. Thanks
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  130. Well the much anticipated return of Ms History Guy brought us a story very much worth remembering, and I thank her a great deal for relating such an interesting story to us all. It's interesting that until recently many armed forces around the world have not wanted women to serve in combat roles, forgetting how many women had already, unofficially, done so. Do you each have a bow tie or is it just the one and is shared. I am saddened by the lose of Penny, the History Cat. She seemed to enjoy her brief visit in front of the camera and I had hoped for further appearances. I hope her passing was without pain.
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  131. That would be interesting. It was during what is referred to as The Little Ice Age which ran from 1300 through to 1850. When Charles Dickens described snow laden winters in his novels he was remembering the past as such scenes had become rarer as the century went on. It would also be interesting to look at the early part of that period. 1315 to 1321 which are often referred to as 'Years Without Summer' because of the almost continuous rain for those year which caused widespread famine through crops failing to ripen. It was so wet that in 1315 a French army was stopped in its tracks when their horse sank up to their bellies in mud. This was in the middle of summer.
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  132. Christmas has long be celebrated in England but in Scotland it was New Years Day. But in more recent times both are now a national holiday north both and south of the border. To Mr and Ms History Guy and all those who watch their video I wish you a Merry Christmas. And to all who are keeping out countries safe I hope you all all back home soon and are safe and sound.
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  133. No idea being a florist could be so dangerous. I thought the worst problem would be Greenfly
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  134. Drawing lines for anything like this can be a problem and fraught with danger. You only have to look at the Middle East and the boundaries drawn up after WW1 when the Turks were driven out. When I studied archaeology one thing that did surprise me is that many boundaries where not just old but were ancient. There are English village townships today where parts of the boundary date back to the Bronze Age which is 2200 BCE to 700 BCE.
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  135. I remember that incident. If the pilot had been a cat he would have had considerably less lives then before he started that flight.
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  136. There being no pirates in this story is true. But we all know that those who served on destroyers are part pirate at heart.
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  137.  @TheHistoryGuyChannel  Laughed out loud reading this. Sounds like a comedy sketch. At this point I can hear the tune Yakety Sax which is better known as the theme to Benny Hill. 😄
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  138.  @calvinr.johnsonjr.9076  My thoughts exactly. What finer part of the day can you have then drinking coffee and watch a History Guy video. Big AL we are counting on you. Get that coffee then watch the video. You know it makes sense.
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  139. The renaissance brought us some of the greatest art and some of the brutalist wars. Definitely a time of great contrasts. Can I suggest a future you look at James Murrey the first editor of the Oxford English Dictionary and Wiilam Minor one of the OEDs greatest contributor and where he was living at the time. Also the involvement of the then Home Secretary Winston Churchill, a noted man of words. Murrey himself would make an interesting story, but then again so would Minor.
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  140. Thanks for that. Interesting to see how this aspect of forensic science came about. History Guy. Watch out for your other half. I think she may be in the Purple Gang. 😮
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  141. Assuming they were going in to attack then their aim would be to get into position to mount that attack. The different types of aircraft such as torpedo bombers would come in low, while dive bomber would come in at high level. It was not unusually to attack at the same time so as to split the fire from the antiaircraft guns. You don't see attacks like that today because with modern technology it is not needed. The WW2 1000 bomber raid would today be one aircraft and usually just one guided bomb or missile. ~And that aircraft would hit the target. Hope that helps
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  142. You can tell he has a passion for history, PhiloYT1
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  143. Should we amend the famous say ' Behind every great man is a woman' to 'behind every great man is a cat' 😊
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  144. mom2wyatt And when we look at Trump we see how little it has changed.
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  145. Thanks once more for filling in the details.
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  146. The one that seem to get Americans is Worcestershire. Especially when coupled with the word sauce. I get the feeling Americans think we did it on purpose. But as we pronounce it wustashur it is no problem for us.
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  147. I knew about animals going into space, though no idea there was so many of them. I do remember having a Sputnik toy when I was very young. It was a small wooden ball with four short wooden dowels sticking out of it and a piece of sting so I could whorl it around. Kids today. They don't know their born. 😂
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  148. The crash is really only known for the general who died in the crash. Shame really as it means that Hot Stuffs story gets lost. And when you think of what that means because it represents all those men who, despite knowing the odds, still made all those flights.
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  149. Depends. If you are looking for someone to go partying then he's your man.
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  150. Churchill said the same thing. He wanted to use nuclear bombs on Russia before they got their own.
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  151. I do know about this accident but your narration of the incident is well worth hearing. You are the Charles Dickens of history. The twenty years after WW2 saw some remarkable leaps in aviation technologies, many of which are still regarded as cutting edge. The way the flow of air into the SR71's engines and similarly that air intakes for the Concorde controlled the air into those engines are examples of that. And the wing shapes for both the British bombers the Vulcan and the Victor to name but a few. And all without the aid of modern computers. Truly remarkable. I understand that the U2 had to be flown at a set speed within a range of just 10 knots. Considering the length of many of the flights that is a remarkable feat of airmanship.
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  152. I always think if you have learnt something new you have had a good day.
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  153. It's surprising the history right under your feet.
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  154. The recovery of the wreck brought a new innovation. The archaeologist diving on the wreck would have to surface in order to talk to each other, this is in the days before divers could use radios. So they would surface, discuss any ideas or problems they had encountered et cetera and then dive down again back to the wreck. To get around this they had something like a miniature diving bell which was near the wreck and which big enough for three or four people to get their heads inside. That way they could pop their heads inside, talk to each other then back to the wreck. I believe it was called the telephone box, or something similar.
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  155. I remember watching a television documentary some years ago about Audubon and his book. And you have to admire anyone who would go to such lengths to achieve his goal. And seeing the illustrations shown on the documentary I have to say I can understand why his books go for such prices. Though I personally think they are priceless in the truest sense of the word. And I to believe that somewhere out there is Washington's Eagle. And knowing what my fellow humans can be like I hope it has enough sense to keep out of the way. Look what happened to the Passenger Pigeon.
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  156.  @jammer3618  The opposite effect to what the Japanese hoped for.
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  157. Poland has rather an unfortunate history with its neighbour to the east.
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  158. Having something of an interest in British railway I did know about this accident. I will say that even in peacetime signalmen often had a very difficult job. On some branchlines it was not unusual for them to work a fourteen hour day, or even longer. And it was equally not unusual for them to work anything up to ten or twelve days at a time without a break. And if an accident did occur then they would be taken to court where they were more often then not found guilty and have served a prison sentence would be out of work. This could be made worse if you lived in a railway house as you and your family would now be homeless. I did notice a Great Eastern Railway (GER) 4=4=0 Claud Hamilton in there (8:15) The GER covered East Anglia and Essex and East London north of the Thames. During the Great War their normal royal blue livery was replace by grey, though fully lined in red as it was in peacetime. The royal blue paint was used by the Royal Navy as part of their dazzle camouflage paint scheme. So, ironically GER locomotives were battleship grey. In there day they ran the most intensive steam operated commutator service in the world and their main London engine shed was the largest with over 500 locomotives sheded there.
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  159. I am aware of the Robber Barons but not the details. So I thank you for that. I must admit I found it all very exciting, what with all the dirty dealing and double crosses. Not to mention a three day battle. Gettysburg in miniature, almost. I was starting to think it would make an excellent television series it would make. Your reference to the railway share bubble caught my attention. We had something similar in 1845 which is referred to as the Railway Mania. The effects of the collapse in the share price was such that in August of that year the shares of the biggest railway, the Great Western Railway, lost 40% of its value in that one month. The effects of this collapse meant that for several years many businesses went bankrupt and ruined many middle class families who had invested in them. Something which may interest you. You in the US predominately refer to railroads whereas in the UK we call them railways. In Britain in the early says both words were in common use and it seems to be down to a matter of personal preference as to which one you used. Railway has eclipse railroad in Britain, though it did linger on for sometime. So I do wonder if when the railway went to America they picked up the word railroad as well.
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  160. I love the idea of the cavalry, or its equivalent, turning up in the nick of time, but by train.
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  161. I did know about the S.S. Ohio and I have long thought it had more then its share of luck on that trip. It is as if it had taken all the luck it would have had over its normal lifetime and had it all in one go. To give you an indication of how short of aviation fuel the RAF was, ground crews had to push the fighters to the end of the runway before the pilot could start his engine. That way the save fuel. Air attacks on Malta were so frequent that when one group of Spitfires arrived they had just enough time to refuel before they had to take off to face the next attack. Gave the German Stukas something of a shock though as they were not expecting the Spitfires, their arrival had been missed, and the RAF pilots had what was referred to as a Stuka party. That is a each Stuka dived down a Spitfire followed it. All the Stukas were shot down. And the Me 109s flying topcover never had a chance to intervene. Their problem was if they dived down to intercept the Spitfires they were flying to fast and just ended up passing the Spitfires, which would then leave the 109s open to being shot down. At various points during any war you look at decisions and wonder why those decisions were made or not made. Why the Axis forces did not take Malta has got to be one of those decisions has got to be one of those. I know other things were going on, such as the invasion of Russia, but the fact that the Germans had to send forces to North Africa anyway just shows how important taking Malta should have been.
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  162. Bo Dan I always thought a combination of the two but I have recently discovered that it is the aircraft alone. Apparently the Memphis Belle's crew for the 25 flight was a new crew.
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  163. 'how do you know you made contact with a submarine?' 'Well bits of it are still stuck in the ships hull'
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  164. You could be onto something there.
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  165. Love the computer. And I laughed at someone still using Windows XP.
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  166. Firstly I hope everyone had a Merry Christmas and I wish everyone a very Happy New Year. Secondly I wish to thank The History Guy for this seasonal history which deserves to be remembered. I had often wondered about the origins of the nutcracker, especially the decorated version. So I especially enjoyed this video. Thanks for that.
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  167. True
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  168. Not as many dragons though.
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  169. This was one of a number of blackmail attempts at this time by the publisher who tried this same idea with many prominent people. Looking at claims made about the National Enquirer in the US you could say it looks to be alive and well in this day and age.
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  170. I got one as well. When I was 14 I got the usual booster jab. When the nurse took hold of my arm and I flinch and called out ouch. I've not injected you yet. she exclaimed. I know, I replied. But your hands are bloody cold.
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  171. One of the reasons for the delay was that the if the cannon were used the cannon balls would just sink into the ground rather then bounce into the enemies troops, rather like lethal bowling balls. So they had to wait until the ground had time to dry. As for the notion that there would be some glorious renaissance if Napoleon had won I find hard to believe. Fighting would have continued and considering how stretched France was at getting good quality recruits France would have been slowly bled to death. Far from a great period in European history France could have collapsed leaving it open to being dismantled as a country.
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  172. Pleased you mentioned the People Dispensary for Sick Animals, the PDSA, and their Dickin Medal, which I had mentioned in a previous video of yours. During WW2 these pigeons had become so important, especially to rescuing downed aircrews, that people were sent out to hunt hawks to stop them killing the pigeons. I did know that Olga of Kiev and her fire pigeons. Interestingly the US planned to do something similar against Japan and their wooden houses but this time using bats. They did decide against it, but not before burning down some of their own wooden buildings. And I also knew about the pigeon guidance system. Imagine someone trying to find out about why one of their ships had blown up and wondering about all the singed feathers. I have seen the photograph of the pigeon being launched out of the British tank in WW1 before. Another form of communication they used was a little set of semaphore arms on top of the tank so they could send signals to other tanks and any troops in the area. You can imagine how long they lasted in battle.
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  173. We also get tornadoes in the UK but for the most part it just rips a few tiles of some roofs or uproots a few small trees. I think if something like the super-outbreak came through there would be a lot more devastation because our towns and cities are much closer together.
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  174.  @cfmcguire  Life was so much easier when trolls lived under bridges. As long as you had your great big billy goat with you you were fine. These people just go around doing thumbs down because, as they say, small things amuse small minds. Some minds are so small they had to invent the electron microscope to see them.
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  175. I , like many others watching this video, thought how sad he got that far, finally got the the fighting, only to die so soon. But no. That was not to be. The gods of war looked down and decided it was not his time yet. So taking that as a challenge he joined the army to become a paratrooper. Because he has a fear of heights. And the gods of war looked down once more upon him and said, no. Leave him a bit longer. Still too feisty. Am I the only one who thinks that when the gods of war finally took him the first thing he did was he started a fight. Knowing his reputation for getting into trouble fighting you have to think that when he got back there someone in Hawaii looked at him and wondered what the other guy looked like. I am pleased they are naming a ship after him. Well deserved.
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  176. Obviously one to avoid. Who'd want to clash with Granny?😊
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  177. Harold Ellis Do you think the have a scale for these things. Starts off with vexing, goes onto problematical and then its troubling. The End of the World is Nigh. Really? Well that's a bit vexing. I have two tickets for the Bolshoi Ballet for this evening. It's my wife's birthday. She loves the ballet.
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  178. I remember watching a television programme some years ago and it mention the use of gun cotton in the manufacture of billiard balls. It occurred in a saloon out west. What triggered the event is not know. Whether it was something to do with the hot weather or the balls being poorly made is unsure. But what they are sure about is that when one player took his shot and the cue ball hit on of the other balls it caused a loud explosion. Similar to a gun shot. But that was not the end of it. On hearing the explosion, and this being in a saloon, it was supposed by some that someone had 'commenced a-shooting' as they say, and many of those inside the saloon decided to join in on the basis that the person being shot at was them. The fight was brief, and I believe there were some casualties, but once everyone realised there was no drunken shooter the firing stopped. Who know a game like billiards could be so dangerous.
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  179. The Calotte helmet reminds me of those warn by the landsknechts under their hats during the Renaissance and were known as secrets. Can I just point out that the US copied the kepi from the French. I know that is not what you intended to say but I just want to clarify. Before the American Civil War at least one French unit toured America giving a matching display and many people were so impressed by it that local troops were given similar uniforms to those warn by the French. The uniform itself was a copy of the Algerian Zouave's
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  180. Okay. Team name. How about we call ourselves The Professors. Having just read that I feel there is something missing. Something to express our wealth of useless information. Maybe something like "The Professors of the Nonfunctional" perhaps.
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  181. I think a mention of something called Benefits of Clergy should be brought up. The church had its courts to deal with anything involving members of the church rather then going through the civil courts. This meant that anything involving a monk or a priest or any other member of the clergy had to go through the church courts rather then the local courts. The problem with this is that the church could be and often was slow to react, if at all, to any complaint. And even then would often rule in favour of the the member of the clergy. So they were literally getting away with murder, and nothing was done about it. This abuse, as you can imaging, was often a course of unrest between the church and the people and probably an important factor in this event. The reverse of this was that anyone could claim Benefits of Clergy as long as they could prove they could read, as clergy could. So even just a small amount of reading could be used in evidence. In one case it led to a man who had claimed Benefits of Clergy being branded to show that he had claimed once but would not be allowed to do so again. One think that may surprise many is that the average Medieval person had quite a good knowledge of the law. The reason for this is that it would often relate to the work they did as well as local laws. If they did end up in court they would have to defend themselves, so a good working knowledge of the law was essential.
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  182. I shouldn't think so. After all the captain being the man-on-the-spot must make the final decision. That is what he is trained to do. Besides, they gave him a medal for what he accomplished.
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  183. An oasis for the thinker Dennis
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  184. Well all good pirate stories should be told when they're an Arrr in the month.
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  185. When the legend becomes fact, print the legend, The man who shot Liberty Valance
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  186. How about an episode on the man who was supposed to have been Lincoln's bodyguard the night he died.
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  187. How about a couple who fell off a roof while having sex.
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  188. Well I have heard of the term 'fashion police' but never fashion rioters, so that's a new one on me. More the sort of thing you would expect in Paris, though. I have heard of the 'fashion mafia' . When they do a hit they come round and ridicule your fashion sense and you die of embarrassment.
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  189. A suggestion for a future video. During WW1 there was a peace group, to which Woodrow Wilson had become involved, and it came very close to succeeding. The problem was that Germany started unrestricted submarine warfare and Wilson could no longer support the peace group. I think it would make an excellent video.
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  190. There are reports of Western Allied aircraft being shot down over Germany by Russian aircraft. The claim is they did not recognise them so assumed they were German. Now this is possible, except you would think they would have taken note of the marking. How would they mistake the blue circle and white star of a P51 as being German.
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  191. Another great video. Having read something of airships I have to say I am not sure why anyone thought they were a good idea. Once caught in bad weather they could be tossed all around the sky, as described in this video, and as was seen they were just to fragile to survive such weather. Interesting that you mentioned the R38. The anniversary of its crash was less then two weeks ago. The airship crashed just off Victoria Pier which was then used by the Humber Ferry. Though the ferry is now long gone the pier is still there and is only a few minutes away from where I live. My late father knew one of the people who went out to help with the rescue. I hope this may be of interest to those watching this video. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-humber-14649308
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  192. No worries. those of us who watch Drachinifel 's navel vidoes have a good idea how much they weigh.
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  193.  @aussiedonaldduck2854  On the up side you are still here. Others, in the mean time, have disappeared.
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  194. Thanks for the reminder.👍
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  195. Interesting idea. Just don't stand outside the FBI headquarters giving them out. They may not share your sense of humour 😊
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  196. I never LOL unless I did Laugh Out Loud. But in this case LOL
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  197. Thanks for that. I thought it would make a good story when I mentioned it. The US Navy called their submarines Pig Boats. I'm sure I do not need to explain why. Obviously the lose of the submarine in this way was to much for Hitler and he took the only way out of this national embarrassment he could with any honour, which in turn, of course, then led to Germany's surrender.
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  198. Well if it stops you blowing things up. :-)
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  199. Welshman2008 So true
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  200. The Bonesaw Many rules and regulations are written in blood, and not just in the military. When there was a big ad campaign about wearing seatbelts here in the UK many ignored it but it when the statistics came out about the reduced number of deaths and serious injuries because of them opinions changed. Now it is the law.
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  201. irgski I was referring to those who did not wear a seatbelt as these were more likely to die or suffer serious injury rather then those who did not. A simple statistic to count.
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  202. I like the one, "I've got to stop asking how stupid can these people get. Some of them are taking it as a challenge."
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  203. That is one a a large number of various operations designed to deceive the Germans. Many of which were very successful.
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  204. I think they took most of the blast.
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  205. I knew they had their own mint but little of the details, so thanks for the video. The history of money is a huge subject, as I am sure you know. When Rome invaded Britain they had no small denomination coins. So a Roman soldier was giving his pay in large denominations only. Imagine receiving your monthly pay in just one or two coins and then trying to buy a beer. Frustrating for both sides.
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  206. Not heard of the Antebellum period before so it was interesting to to hear about it. Though thinking on you may have mentioned it when you covered the New York riots. Nor had I heard of the Shakespear riot before now. So thanks for that. From what I know about Victorian London I could see similar things happening here if it was reversed. People like the costermongers where noted for their loudness and flashy dress and for being ready to do battle with anyone. Not much different from New Yorkers I should think. In fact several costermonger comedians toured America and at least one made a big success of it. Obviously they had something in common.
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  207.  @catjudo1  no, but I can write my name in the snow.🤣
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  208. The name was given to one of the remote autonomous underwater vehicles instead. You would think someone would have pointed out the perils of underestimating British humour. They should have just given them a choice of three or four names to pick from.
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  209. The earlier version had a problem with Uranus. Have you thought of seeing your doctor.🤔👍😁
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  210. I did know about this crash but, as always, it's good to hear it related by The History Guy. Somewhat ironic that having flown in combat the pilot was killed in an accident and, for all three of them, just under two weeks before the war ended.
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  211. The torpedo used by the Conqueror was based on a WW2 design.
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  212. If you watched the TV series Due South then you would know how to pronounce it.
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  213. Fear of U-Boat attacks while attempting rescues was widespread during both world wars. The first losses for the British Royal Navy involved two cruisers being sunk by torpedoes from a German U-Boat while stopping to pick up survivors from the first cruiser to be hit. That sets the tone. Why risk your life to help those who's comrades were quite happy to use survivors as bait when those survivors are on the same side as the U-Boat crew. As for attacking a possible U-Boat while survivors are near the attack point, what else can you do. If you do not make sure it is no longer a threat then you run the risk of it escaping and killing others. In which case those deaths are on you because you failed to stop the enemy.
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  214. It could have been a Latin American Vietnam.
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  215. Dave Druid you cannot blame the entire continent of Europe for mistakes made by one person. \Many others would not have made that mistake.
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  216. Interesting story but as but ships are shes I doubt if the resulting ship can be regarded as hermaphrodite as this would mean one had to be male and one female.
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  217.  @jgates63  No he was there but trapped in one of the aircraft where the fire was. I think the aircraft which fired the missile was an F4 Phantom.
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  218.  @AFloridaSon  No chocolate was harmed, or even used, in the production of white chocolate. Though it contains cocoa butter it does not contain chocolate solids. It is a blend of sugar, cocoa butter, milk products, vanilla, and a fatty substance called lecithin, sounds yummy.
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  219. So true.
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  220. I have a feeling the fate of The History Guy will be somewhat different to that of Gordon Gekko.
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  221. A very interesting story of a very accomplished woman. You have to wonder how different things would have been if she had appealed to the women's vote earlier and was reelected as the state Governor. How much more different the changes to the US Mint would have been.
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  222. coffin dodger This is true. Unfortunately the fact that he saved us from war did not stop him being fired. They did not like the idea of other people thinking for themselves. I suppose it could have been worse. Imagine what Stalin would have done to him.
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  223. Neil Anderson This is true but we are talking about quality control which is a different kettle of fish. This requires training and the appropriate equipment, such as gauges, to check each part. I understand quality control is a big problem with the F22 Raptor. Parts are arriving for assembly and are having to be worked on before the can be used. The problem seems to be related to the fact that there are so many factories around America making these parts that quality control has suffered.
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  224. In the early days of flying in WW1 pilots were unarmed. They thought flying was dangerous enough without shooting at each other. When they did start using weapons they used hand guns and, if it was a two man crew, rifles. Interesting that they went old school on these aircraft.
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  225. What a delightful and interesting story. It reminded me of the Yorkshire Giant, William Bradley, who was born in the town of Market Weighton in the East Riding of Yorkshire. He lived between 10 February 1787 and 30 May 1820 and stood at 7 feet 9 inches. He was even presented before King George III at Windsor who gave him a large golden watch on a chain, which he wore for the rest of his life. As with Robert Wadlow fears of graverobbing led to him being buried inside the church in Market Weighton. Every May since 1996 Market Weighton holds a festival, the Giant Community Day, in memory of William Bradley. It is a family-oriented event with games, amusement rides, stalls and other attractions.
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  226. Some years ago Fosters was being brewed in the UK under licence. Then they bought out the UK brewery only for them in turn to be bought out by another British brewery. And you thought it would just be the beer that made your head spin. 😄👍
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  227. This is true but often the name was given to anyone who had even the most modest of ability to write. Oddly enough many people in the Medieval period had a very good grasp of the workings of the law, especially as it related to their work such as farming. This, despite, not being able to read. The law would be explained to them, especially if they had infringed it, and they would then in turn explain it to others.
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  228. Well thaat was worth every minute. Well done and many thanks.
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  229. On the 22 August 1992 I took my family for a meal at a local pub called Ye Old White Hart. 350 years ago in that same pub on that same day the towns leaders decided to rebel against Charles I and the English Civil War started.
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  230. Bob Springer I do wonder if before his now famous charge he was thinking life was easier when it was just pigs he had to worry about.
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  231. One I'd love to hear
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  232. I knew about the first Richard Parker as there was a dramatised reconstruction of the mutiny some years ago. During WW1 parts of the French Army mutinied and some of the ringleaders were executed or imprisoned despite the fact many of the grievances were recognised as genuine and were addressed.
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  233. Well that's cleared up many misconceptions about this song. I had not realised how old it was nor the fact that two people were involved. From the version I had come across, with the mouse, it was the Joseph Mohr who wrote both the music and the lyrics as well as playing the guitar. And that the music and lyrics were written on Christmas Eve. And in the version of the carol I had heard about, when the Germans sang the carol in 1914 the British had known the carol but in English and some of whom had joined in. This part may have been true to some degree as many Germans had settled in Britain before the war. So it was possible that they had shared it with British friends. There is at least one story of British soldiers talking to a German speaking English with a East London cockney accent. He has been raised in London but had gone to fight for Germany at the behest of his German parents. Another song which gained popularity during WW1 was It's a Long Way to Tipperary by Jack Judge. Judge, songwriter and music-hall entertainer, was supposed to have written the song in a very short period of time, some ten or so minutes I seem to remember, as part of a five shilling bet. But others, including members of his family, have disputed this. Though is may be the five shilling bet is a myth there is always the possibility Judge actually did write it on the spare of the moment as part of a bet. There is another possibility and that is he already had the song but managed to persuade someone to bet against him. The bet was he could write a song in some ten minutes or so. He wonders off, supposedly writes the song and get his five shillings. Then sings it the following night at The Grand Theatre", Stalybridge, Cheshire, performs the song. Nice bit of PR and he enhances his reputation as a songwriter. The song itself became popular when a newspaper reporter wrote that it was being sung by the Irish regiment the Connaught Rangers while marching through France in August of 1914. It was then quickly picked up by other British regiments.
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  234. Their aircraft carrier has a crane onboard for when the bits drop off.
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  235. Here in Britain we also have lost many of our apple varieties. In the 18th century there were villages where each orchard had a different variety of apple. And that could be forty or fifty orchard per village. Though not as many as America it is a pity so few have survived. Many of our reasons for losing them are similar to those of America, though we did not have Prohibition. Having said that we still have many apple orchards around the country growing different varieties of cider apple.
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  236. This true R Mack. Then it just becomes a pillbox. I thought the same thing when I first saw photographs of the Swedish S Tank. Looks great but once a track is hit that is it. You cannot even carry on fighting because you cannot use the gun without the tracks.
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  237. Talking about Audie Murphy appearing in his autobiographic film I was reading about the British actor Richard Todd. appearing In the film The Longest Day. He plays Major John Howard the commander of the British glider troops who capture Pegasus Bridge on D-Day. On D-Day itself these glider troops were re-enforced by some paratroopers. These paratroopers were led in real life by Captain Richard Todd. It must have seemed odd for Richard Todd playing the man who was his commanding officer and watch another actor play himself.
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  238. Both her and the Queen Elizabeth had sad ending.
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  239. You have to remember this is The History Guy and not Gun Jesus. Though as Gun Jesus has taken to cos-play and is wearing hats I can see how that can get confused.
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  240. The toga was not usually an everyday item of clothing worn by the masses, they usually wore tunics. In some conquered nations some of the locals would wear a toga to show how Romanized they had become. Ironically the Romans themselves often laughed at such people. You will, I am sure, have seen photographs and paintings of men with their hand inside their jacket, waistcoat, pocket et cetera. This goes back to Aeschines, founder of the rhetoric who suggested that speaking with an arm outside one's toga was bad manners. Later in eighteenth century British portraiture as a sign of the sitter's breeding and the pose denoted "manly boldness tempered with modesty."
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  241. You have to wonder what he was going to do with it if he had salvaged it.
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  242. Matt Boggs Now you would probably stick it on eBay or Craigslist.
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  243. Wilson was sidelined because he was ill-informed as to European conditions. John Maynard Keynes said of him "There can seldom have been a statesman of the first rank more incompetent than the President in the agilities of the council chamber," which was the prevailing judgement of the Treaty of Versailles conference. At Tehran FDR told Stalin that the US and the Soviet Union should work together and exclude Britain as it was an old colonial power. You would think that FDR would know that the Soviet Union was just another name for the old Russian Empire and that Stalin was its defacto Tzar. Also America is itself a colonial power. Just look at Puerto Rico. The US can require Puerto Rican's to fight in America war but the do not get a member of congress to have a say in that war. And the US capital also has no member of congress, though congress can, and does, interfere in local government in Washington. So what happened to no taxation without representation?
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  244. Africa has some almost forgotten kingdoms and great trading cities long since disappeared.
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  245.  @wbnc66  Well, as I said. They also serve who stand and wait. And standing and waiting can include making the enemy think of trying their luck elsewhere. 👍
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  246. I do know about the Year of Four Emperors and I very much enjoyed its retelling. Thanks for that.
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  247. There are many websites selling courses, many of which would be regarded as basic knowledge in their area of interest. In fact many YouTube channels run on that.
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  248. Well known fact that God is an Englishman.😊
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  249. That moment you wish you'd packed a change in underwear.
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  250.  Smith-Mundts Modernization Act (Look into it)  The fact that these ships were only carrying wounded was verified by the Red Cross. And Germans atrocities have also been independently verified. Including the crucifying of a Canadian sergeant to a barn door while he was still alive. Also this was not new. Atrocities were also carried out by Prussia, Germany, during the Franco-Prussian War. Germany viewed the use of terror as legitimate against both other combatants and civilians.
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  251. This is why every night he is placed inside a high security vault.
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  252. It has been awhile but I believe it is an eagle which was featured in a previous video. I think the story is that it is possibly extinct as there were never many of them. It would be worth looking through the videos to check it out. I hope your son is enjoying the videos.
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  253. Thanks for reminding about this event. I saw a BBC TV programme about this some years ago. It was really the first time I had heard the word tsunami. I was both shocked and surprised about how powerful they are. And how far reaching.
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  254. If we are comparing states to countries then California has more people the Canada. Though Canada can claim to be bigger then America.
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  255.  @brianmonks8657  It is, Brian, our birthright. 😄👍
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  256. Not heard it like the first Jeff Stanley but as the second. And the pronunciation of Gloucester as Gloster is in the old rhythm Doctor Foster went to Gloucester. So it has been around for some time.
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  257. vincent lefebvre English is, as you will know, the most widely used language in the world, as either a primary or secondary language. One in five of the earths population speak English. That's 1.5 billion people. Not bad for a language that is hard to learn.😊 One language which people think exists but does not is Chinese. There re several languages in China of which Mandarin is the official one but not Chinese.
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  258. Along with the railway the British invented to steam shovel. It didn't see much use in Britain as there was more then enough railway navvies build the railways. Also if a navvie didn't work he didn't get paid, whereas if the steam shovel didn't work it still cost the railway money. Where there steam shovel did do well was in America because there was not a big enough manpower to build the railways. You do have to wonder what the history of America would have been without the railway to unite the states together.
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  259.  @TheHistoryGuyChannel  You usually expect raids like that from people like JEB Stuart. Just goes to show, the north had its moments as well.
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  260. Good business people should carry out due diligence.
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  261. Interestingly one of his fellow countrymen, also as a child, was so impressed by the sight of all those B-17s and B-24s that after the war he ended up joining the USN and flew attack aircraft over Viet Nam. An A-4 I think. He was shot down over North Viet Nam but managed to successfully escape. Not only that but found his carrier was still on station and was reunited with it. They gave him a room but that night they found that he had gone missing. They found him fast asleep in the cockpit of an A-4, where he felt safe.
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  262. Two of my late fathers brothers were in the British merchant navy and sailed up to Archangel in Russia on more then on occasion, braving the arctic storms in winter and the German submarines and aircraft in summer. Ironically their eldest brother, who spent the entire war in the army, looks like the only one of the three who was on a ship which was sunk by a torpedo. He was on a troopship heading through the Mediterranean when it was hit. He was rescued and later went on to join the Commandos.
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  263. It's interesting what old references we still use. When was the last time you decided a game of chess was 'not worth the candle'.
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  264. Now you mention it yes you are right. Robespierre went from being against the death penalty to being one of the leading figures in the Reign of Terror. Then get guillotined. Does that count as Karma?
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  265. i was going to say I don't remember Robert Newton doing that. Was it better then the cleaning bill for having parrot poop all down the back of his coat. Or did they make the parrot use the poop deck. And Newton still influences pirate films today in the form of Geoffrey Rush. Actually there seems to be so many pirates with West Country accents Cornwall must have been empty.
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  266. Well he's nothing if not polite.
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  267. We all do that at some point 🐶
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  268. Bremner's Ghost I have to second that. Reading about his actions during the Napoleonic War I thought he would have made a great commando leader in WW2 the way he raided places. He later helped Brazil defeat Portugal and harassed it much larger Portuguese fleet all the way across the Atlantic. He was a combination of Nelson and Wellington.
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  269. Lack of resources is one thing but knowing what you need and how to use it is another. With that knowledge he could have been making decisions about how best to use what he had and what he would need. Instead people died and vital ships and supplies were lost. And bare in mind these ships had been escorted across the Atlantic under constant threat, at great expense and the danger to life and limb of the British Royal Navy and the merchant navy. All that only to find they were sunk so close to the coast of America that some German torpedoes were found on the beach. As personal interest. Two of those merchant navy sailors were paternal uncles.
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  270. They had not been doing that for four years. Tactics had been evolving all the time. By the time of the 100 Days Campaign the British 4th Army in 1918, of which one corps was American troops, they had reached the stage of what we now call combined arms, where tanks, artillery and aircraft were being used to support the infantry. The British had developed self- propelled artillery and had taken the early steps for an infantry carrier. The French had perfected using artillery in a rolling barrage giving close support of the infantry so they were following just behind the rolling barrage. When being attacked and there was a chance of a breakthrough the Germans would reinforce that area. So the British would then attack elsewhere leaving the Germans with troops in the wrong place. The British campaign at Passchendaele in 1917 came close to defeating the Germans in France. The only thing that saved them was the unseasonably wet weather which made movement nearly impossible. The thing to remember here is this was a type of warfare no one had fought before, so there was no playbook anyone could go to and say this is what they needed to do. But the British and the French had been developing effective tactics to fight the battles throughout the war. And into this comes Pershing who has no idea about all of the advances in tactics telling everyone he knew how to win the war. I should say something about the American soldiers. They were excellent. I know reading about those sent for sniper training with the British that the instructor were all very impressed by them. Given the right training they fought well. And the same can be said of their officers. And I will say that once forced into making changes Pershing did the right thing. But he was still sending in attacks right up to the last minute. Attacks which cost American soldiers lives. Attacks which were not needed.
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  271. Two burning. Well everyone likes a good BBQ.
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  272. I have heard of the Eureka Stockade though it was sometime ago so it is nice to be reminded of it. Anther great vidoe
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  273. Makes you look at party balloons in a different way.
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  274. For our American visitors there is lots of free cups of tea. And only $300 to use the bathroom. We get them everytime on that one.
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  275. Never saw the Valiant fly. The one and only time I saw the Victor was in Norfolk when one suddenly flew just over my car. Fortunately I was parked at the side of the road at the time so I was able to watch it fly to its airfield. Years ago I worked for British Aerospace's airfield at Holme on Spalding Moor in East Yorkshire and one day we had a Vulcan doing circuit and bumps. I was stood some distance from the runway but each time it powered up to takeoff again I could feel not only the air around me vibrate but my entire body vibrated. I think the power to weight ratio was something like three to one which is why it could do acrobatics.
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  276. As far as I remember he was positively ID'd by someone who knew him. Unless someone has seen him in Bolivia after the fact.
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  277.  @rexfrommn3316  I see that though you buy Chinese garbage they have declared no backsies and you now have to keep it. As for future archaeologist I think I have a good idea what they'll say. There is nothing an archaeologist love more then digging up ancient landfills. My degree is in archaeology so I know of what I speak.
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  278. It's a shame the painting no longer exists as it would have been something worth seeing. Interestingly we have something similar such as the Bronze Age Uffington White Horse and the Cerne Abbas Giant. The in the case of the Cerne Abbas Giant, a 180 foot (55 metre) nude man seems to date from the 17th century. In these cases the hill figures were made by removing the grass to expose the chalk underneath rather then painting on them. The reason for their existence is unknown but many look to have been territorial makers. There are some more modern and temporary examples such as Homer Simpson carrying a giant donut was made for the Simpsons Movie. Also a cartoon version of the then British Prime Minister John Major, depicted like Superman with his underwear on the outside, also appeared briefly. The middle of the 13th century saw a drop in world wide temperatures which meant that summers were colder and wetter. So a society which was reliant on agricultural would see crops suffering from damp, causing fungus to grow on their crops, and the lack of sunshine meant that crops did not ripen. This, in turn, would have caused famine and was probably one of the reasons the local culture to disappear.
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  279. Me too.
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  280. Me too. I remember my late father dragging me out of bed to watch Neil Armstrong step onto the moon. History worth remembering, if somewhat bleary eyed.
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  281. There is a faux Chinese saying "May you be born in interesting time." Well the USS Boston was definitely born in interesting times, and was involved in many of them. Your post came up just as one from the naval historian Drachinifel. His is on HMS Victory which has been in service with the Royal Navy for 254 years. On the two hundredth anniversary of the Battle of Trafalgar a number of French officers were invited to have a tour around HMS Victory by the British Royal Navy, just to show there was no hard feelings. One of the French officers, on sighting some cannon balls, asked if they were the ones fired at the French Navy during the battle. "No", came the reply. "You've still got them."
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  282. Looking at the training of some crews today and the speed they are put into the job with so little knowledge of flying many would struggle with the new school.
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  283. Jacob Zondag Adding "Believe me" would have added to the authenticity. :)
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  284. Couple of quick points. Gillingham has a soft G and Samuel Pepys name is pronounced Peeps. For a time many thought the Great Fire of London was started by the Dutch in retaliation for the English burning of the Dutch town. The English did not fare well under the Stuarts. The behaviour of James 1 triggered the Gunpowder Plot. He would have been on the #metoo list alongside Kevin Spacey. His son Charles I triggered three civil wars which included his son Charles who would become Charles II. James II tried to place Catholics into positions of power which led to his overthrow. He did lead a rebellion in the north of Ireland which is still having repercussions even today. And then the final act was the man known as Bonnie Prince Charlie with his invasion of England. So we have never done well with the Stuarts.
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  285. I did know about Ada Lovelace and her involvement and design of the first computer programme. But it is a story well worth retelling and I very much enjoyed hearing it. Maybe you could also cover Babbage as well, the other half of the story of computers. I have long thought what Babbage needed was a good project manager in charge. Someone who could keep him on track but at the same time could be diplomatic enough to keep him happy.
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  286. Andy Lord Whatever they called it we British knew we were fighting next to some great men. Just as we did in 1918 when Canadians were part of the British 4th Army, along with the Anzac's as well as the Americans when we all chased the Germans across France in the 100 Day Campaign.
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  287. lee Maxwell They actually fought as Allied troops, the same as the British and Americans were. Hence they had their own beach and objectives, just like the British and Americans.
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  288. ptonpc Thanks for your reply. Though I remembered seeing a photograph of the rocket with the red fairing on it I could not remember the name of the rocket. So thanks for that.
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  289. I had forgotten about the term "All Sir Garnet". Not really used any more, if at all. Interestingly we do use Gordon Bennett, though usually as an exclamation. It, too, went out of fashion for some time, but was brought back by one of the characters in a British TV comedy series called "Only Fools and Horse".
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  290. I did know about this war but it had been sometime since I read about so I was not fully up to speed on it, though I did remember about the siege of Warsaw and how it led to stopping Russia. Lenin falling to reach his goals but claiming victory by changing them reminded me of Khrushchev and the Cuban Missile Crisis. Khrushchev's aim was to get America's missiles out of Turkey and off Russia's doorstep, but because he never stated this as his goal and the missiles in Turkey were removed without anyone being aware of, Khrushchev came across as a loser. He had player chicken and blinked first. As for the "what ifs", long been a favourite of mine, we could have seen France and Great Britain now being an ally of Germany against Soviet Russia in order to stop it moving west? Would America have stepped forward to help, seeing that it could be a problem for them as well as France and Great Britain? And what of other European countries? And what of the communists and socialists in each of these countries? one thing is sure, history and the world would have been very different.
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  291. The expensive way to shoot yourself in the foot. And the wing. And the engine. Et cetera
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  292. That is an interesting incident for several reason. Firstly it looks like all the firefighting training and procedures the USN had mastered in WW2 seem to have been lost. Secondly it was a lapse in safety procedures which set up the missile from the F4 being launched. Thirdly sending out poor quality and out of date munitions in the form of the bombs they were supplied with added to the disaster. Also why did none of the navy pilots trapped in their aircraft on the flight deck simply eject. At least one pilot lost his life while trapped inside his A4.
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  293. Nicely put.
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  294. There's always one. 😀
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  295. mom2wyatt history is full of such incidents, as you no doubt know. Mary Robinette Kowal's "Want Of A Nail" springs to mind.
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  296. That's why were here. 👍
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  297. Brave men putting themselves in harms way. Interestingly von Ribbentrop has to bear a great deal of responsibility for the start of WW2. Hitler wanted to invade Poland but did not want to face Britain and France. As the German Ambassador to the United Kingdom he convinced Hitler that Britain would not follow through on its threat to declare war on Germany if it did not pull out of Poland. Apparently when Britain did in fact declare war he was looking daggers at von Ribbentrop.
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  298.  @TheHistoryGuyChannel  Oh, that one. I enjoyed that video, as always.
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  299. Many thanks for this video. I knew something of the Passenger Pigeons fate and how it came about but not in such detail. A fate similar to the buffalo but at least some of them survived. It reminded me of the British oyster. If I said that last night I was eating oysters you may think I am well to do. But 200 years ago that was the diet of the very poorest of the poor. It was so common that in many country houses every meal for the servants would have been oysters, morning, noon and night. Apprentices had a clause in their contracts stating you could only feed them oysters for so many meals in a week. Now it is regarded as a luxury food. Another point which may interest you. 200 years ago your oysters would been accompanied by claret, then a poor mans drinks. How times have changed.
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  300. There are worse ways of dying but death by stupidity has got to be one of the most embarrassing.
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  301.  @daveh3997  I think you mean ride through. And their answer to the usually asked question was "what are fries?"
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  302. Okay, I know this is a bit late but I just remembered this. Going back to your video on asbestos, the actor Steve McQueen died from cancer caused by asbestos which he believed came from his time in the US Marines. He worked in a US naval shipyard stripping asbestos which had been used to lag pipes. I think he was only there for about two weeks.
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  303. There is an English proverb 'Opportunity makes the man.' Well it did make the man and he took the opportunity to make his mark.
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  304. Seconded.
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  305.  @shawnr771  Thanks for that, Shawn. Just shows that it does not matter how long ago something happened there is always the possibility of new evidence adding to what we know.
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  306.  @shawnr771  I am pretty much the same as you. When I did my archaeology degree I did a history module which was about the English king King Stephen during the civil war in the 12th century. There was a famine during the war which some had put down as being caused by the war. But reading through various descriptions of what was happening I realised that the famine was not caused by the war. Between 1315 and 1321 there were what was referred to as years without summers. Meaning it was cold and wet. I knew that there had been a dip in the yearly temperature for those years all that rain had caused crops to rot in the fields, which in turn had caused several famines in them years. I happened to have a chart in one of my archaeology books which covered the annual temperature for the last 2000 years. And there I saw that the yearly temperature during King Stephen's civil war was only just a fraction higher then the later 14th century famines. So I was able to show through this new evidence that the weather and not the war had caused the famine. The history tutor remarked that he had never thought of that. I already knew about the 14th century famine and it was the similarity between the descriptions for both that led me to believe what was happening then and what had happened during Stephen's reign looked pretty much the same.
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  307. You could tell that as something else was added to the plan then that was something else which could go wrong. Had they thought what about what would happen if they ever got to the supply boat? It's not like the authorities would not be able to stop them. Thanks for the video, History Guy
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  308. You didn't fall into trap of calling them Welsh castles like many do. Welsh castles are somewhat smaller. One of my tutors helped excavate one of them and I found here talk on the excavation very informative.
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  309. I think ne thing we can agree. Despite what the sang in the song we all say potato. :-)
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  310. Another very interesting video. And yes you could definitely do an entire channel based on actors who went to war. I thought of Victor Mclaughlin who fought in the Irish Fusiliers in WW 1 and went on to win the Oscar for the part of Gypo Nolan in The Informant. Fighting in the Irish Fusiliers is the closest he came to being Irish, despite his claims. He was actually English, born in Tunbridge Wells, Kent. Lee Marvin who won the Oscar for Cat Ballou was in the US Marines where he was almost killed on Saipan. Am I right in thinking the highest ranking people from Hollywood were James Stewart, Brigadier General. John Ford, Rear Admiral and Ronald Reagan who, as president, became Commander in Chief.
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  311. Actually quarantining people was used in many parts of Europe. In fact there are many recorded cases of towns and villages throughout history trying to quarantine themselves or parts of their towns but not always with success. And Christianity was often the problem. Medical knowledge during the Medieval period was often more advanced in Muslim countries but this was often rejected in Christian countries because Muslims were not Christians, and Muslim medical practises were seen by many as the work of the Devil. It is made even worse when, as with the Black Death in the mid 14th century, the Christian church claimed it was a judgement of God on the wicked ways of the people. How do you deal with something sent by God. Surely to do so would incur more wrath. It did backfire badly on the church, though, when priests, nuns, bishops and others of the church also died of the plague. If it was sent by God as a punishment for peoples wickedness then what had the church been doing.
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  312. I love the name Aztec Eagles. Very appropriate as US pilots flying for the British in WW2 flew in the Eagle Squadron. Maybe next time Trump of Fox News talks about building a border wall with Mexico they should be reminded of the huge contribution Mexico made to the US during WW2.
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  313. I was waiting for you to mention cutlasses. What's the German for away all boarders? Now that is close quarters fighting. It's interesting how, in most naval warfare, it is the smaller ships which often see the most action. Even in the big battles they are there like terriers nipping at the heels of the enemy. Taffy 3 at Leyte Gulf is an excellent example of what they can achieve when aggressively led. I did read that the only service arm to suffer more casualties then the U-Boats in WW2 was the Japanese kamikaze squadrons. Gives you an idea of how tough things got once the Allies got to grips with the U-Boat menace. Have you looked at Captain Frederic John "Johnny" Walker. He sank more U-Boats then any other Allied commander during WW2 and was responsible for many innovations when it came to hunting and attacking U-Boats.
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  314. Isn't that true of all assassinations.
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  315. You have to ask did Rome conquer Greece or did Greece conquer Rome. Greek was more often spoken then Latin in Rome. And Greek doctors were thought to be so superior the Roman doctors to the point where Roman doctors would speak Greek even when speaking to Romans.
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  316. I did know about the crash, though not in this detail. So thanks for that. One thing they did have, and went on for many years, was that each driver had to run to their car, which was parked at the side of the road at the start of the race. The driver then had to jump into his car start his engine and then join the race. You can imagine how much commotion that caused and also several accidents as drive tried to join the race track. Many driver complained about this. You can imagine how many never got further then the start because of a shunt with another car in all that chaos. How did a woman change motor racing and air combat? You will notice that in the early races there was a second person in the car. His job was to watch what the other drivers were doing in the cars behind them and report that to the driver. Then one day a driver saw a woman looking into her hand mirror and realised with a mirror in his car he did not need the second person to report what was happening behind him as a mirror would do the same thing. Fighter pilots then added mirrors to their aircraft so they could see if an enemy aircraft was behind them, And today, with all the high tech kit used in an aircraft they still use mirrors.
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  317. I would like to wish everyone in the US of A a Happy 4th of July. For one thing it's the only time you lot get the date right way round. But in wishing you a Happy 4th of July I do ask for something in return. You have to take back your damn pumpkin spice this autumn. I cannot go into any coffeeshop without everything tasting of pumpkin spice. I mean, it's bad enough we have Big Macs without pumpkin spice as well. And if you can take the pumpkins back as well that would help. You lot have a good day. Happy trails
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  318. It's a shame about the reporter. It's a pity they had to destroy his reputation as he was only doing his job and doing it well.
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  319. As the saying goes 'they also serve who stand and wait.' So though they themselves may not be in combat they aid those who are.
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  320. I knew the Japanese submarines had attacked America at least once but they do seem to have under appreciated how useful the submarine could be in war. If they had then the attack on Pearl Harbour would have been very different. They did plan to attack the submarine facilities at Pearl Harbour, as well as the naval repair and fuel storage facilities, but that was in the cancelled second attack. The balloon bombs, which I knew about, used the Jet Stream, the existence of which was unknown in the west at that time. The balloons were made by school girls but I understand they stopped making them once they discovered what they were being used for. I have to agree with the sentiments of the Japanese pilot. I sometimes wonder if all the money and material expended in warfare, not to mention the lives lost had been put to better use how much better the world would be.
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  321.  @benspeedschannel888  Anyone six feet tall back then was usually an exception. So you can see why she could be a force to be reckoned with.
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  322. Jet packs and lazer rifles. Where do I sign up
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  323. The nomadic people who dominated Central Asia, parts of Eastern Europe east of the Vistula River, and parts of South Asia. Their culture flourished from around 900 BC to around 200 BC, by which time they had extended their influence all over Central Asia – from China to the northern Black Sea.
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  324. Actually there is an American archaeologist Roy Chapman Andrews who would be the real Indiana Jones.
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  325. R Mack I'd forgotten Audie Murphy was from Texas. Just looked him up on Wikipedia. I think it is just the way the photograph is shown but I would swear he is leaning over from the weight of all them well deserved medals. Sad end.
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  326.  @TheHistoryGuyChannel  Yes it is quite possibly a dud. I had wondered if they automatically loaded up with AP shells as a matter of course until told to change shell types. I know that Japanese ships were very regimented, and quite brutally so, so there was no room for initiative.
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  327. David Marquardt I had not heard of that. Thanks for that. After WW2 the British did some research into the fuel used in the Messerschmidt me 163 and found it could be stabilised by using passing it through a mesh coated in silver. They planned to use it on a proposed interceptor but the project fell through when the Germans pulled out.
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  328. So who got his grog ration.
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  329. I realised that because the photograph prior to that one clear showed a British soldier, or possibly a Royal Marine, on the deck.
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  330. Maybe Nostradamus was right. History is cyclical and not linear.
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  331.  @vitabricksnailslime8273  Sorry Vitabrick. My mistake. I meant sold the sculpture. 😄 Thanks for that. 👍
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  332. Andrew Allen Actually one of the main problems was inflation dues to the prices sky rocketing. Oats went from £2 a ton to £20 a ton. Do we mention the fact that some Irish Catholic farmers did very well selling oats.
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  333. I understood that one of the reasons colds and flu are more common in winter was because people tend to stay at home more in winter. This would mean more contact with others and therefore increase the likelihood of catching colds and flu.
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  334. Hi everyone. Well just back from the Cenotaph. There was a massive crowd there. Normally it would be a few hundred but today there were thousands. As the Cenotaph is just next to a major road people tend to get penned in by the barriers next to it. But the police had diverted all the traffic. So there was people standing on the road as well as on the pavement, sidewalk for our American friends. I do not mind admitting I got rather emotional remembering those of my family who had served. I also thought of all of you here and any one of you who had served or had family who had. The one thing I wished is that my late father had been there. He was an army man through and through and I know he would have been there. I would have loved to have shared the moment with him.
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  335. You look at this story and then as the Kursk. Just shows what can be achieved when those at the top have the will to take action
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  336. Oh to have been a fly on the wall.
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  337. The Russians did this all the time with their Aeroflot aircraft. Have you ever wondered why only their aircraft had a glazed nose. Not used on any other civilian airline.
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  338. We all know about Russian pilots flying for North Korea, but how many flew for North Vietnam?
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  339. Andrew Emery I remember reading about one of North Vietnam's top pilots and from what I read he seemed to be much better then his fellow countrymen. So, remembering the Korean War you do start to think that maybe his "fellow countrymen" were from a different country. Having said that I know that when Eisenhower stopped the USAF/CIA reconnaissance flights over Russia they were taken over by the British Royal Airforce. They even used USAF aircraft though I think they put RAF markings on them. Once the English Electric Canberra bomber started flying with the RAF these were used for reconnaissance instead. They were such a good aircraft America built them as the B47.
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  340.  @lewisirwin5363  As always there has to be compromises.
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  341.  @TheHistoryGuyChannel  I have just thought of a problem these guns could have faced. They British Army were quite adept at using air burst shells against infantry at this time. So what would have happened if the same technology was used by the British Navy. It would not have taken many such shells to knock out the gun crews.
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  342.  colin minhinnick  I wholeheartedly agree. During the Battle of France in 1940 the French had decided not to use their radios because he Germans could pick up the signal from the radio and bomb the radio. So a motorcycle dispatch rider would be sent back from the battlefield to the headquarters just outside of Paris. All to often the general in command of the French Army would not be at his headquarters but at a little hunting lodge some five miles away. By the time the dispatcher rider had returned to the combat area it was three days later and the situation had totally changed. The French soldiers fought well but, as you say, they were poorly led. Mentioning Waterloo. Did you see the irony of them forming squares to face the cavalry, British style.
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  343. Well as it was Hollywood, never known to let the facts get in the way of a good story, or even a bad story if it come to it, I took it as read that it was not factual. The clips came up and I was curious to see what really which is why I looked it up.
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  344. First up.
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  345. So there I am watching Tank Chats and at the end up pops The History Guy telling us to subscriber to the channel. Now I'm waiting for David Fletcher to do one of The History Guy's Hat Chats. Preferably the one he wore when he was part of the general staff in WW1. Anyway watched the Tank Chat and up pops The History Guy video on stainless steel. Hello. I thought, their doing a double act. As double history was my favourite way to spend a couple of hours at school I am, as our American friend might say, in hog heaven. Interestingly in the UK there is the Angel of the North which is also made out of steel but was designed to rust as this caused a protective layer on the surface. And in typical British humour is also known as the "Gateshead Flasher", after the local town of Gateshead.
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  346. Me too.
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  347.  @markfryer9880  I was being humorous Mark.😊
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  348.  @TheHistoryGuyChannel  I think he was going for humour rather then historical fact.
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  349. I'd like to think that he died being the hero he always wanted to be.
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  350.  @terryboyer1342  You did not actually learn anything. It was not a teaching moment. What you had was a discovery. You just discovered something about your wife.
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  351.  @obelic71  That will clear your headache.💥
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  352. Interesting piece of history never the less. And I note that Miss Ferguson does not get her full name recorded but Mr Hope does. Somewhat ironic that whereas many of my local clocks still use this tune our municipal clock has been replaced by a German style clock which plays various tunes during the day.
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  353.  @rogerwhittle2078  I did read that the official language for India is a form of Sanskrit which is rarely if ever used. The unofficial language is English.
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  354. It is somewhat ironic that they were living the American Dream
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  355. You have found yourself in good company. Welcome.
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  356. As soon as the Americans do. :)
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  357. And then came the Cultural Revolution. This made it look like what happened to the sparrows was just a warm up to what he was going to do to the Chinese.
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  358. Talk about interesting timing. We are having a nautical festival tomorrow which includes pirates. Interesting that 13 became an unlucky number as in the past it was believed to have been a luck number because Jesus had twelve disciples. When a new priory was being set up by monks it was usually twelve monks plus the person in charge. Thirteen people.
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  359. I vaguely knew about this event but I had no idea of the full story. So thank you for adding the details. It is somewhat ironic that Patton's only involvement here was to let the mission go ahead when he was so involved in the attempted rescue his son-in-law which not only failed but cost American lives. It is also ironic that Germany, known for its armoured Blitzkrieg, was so heavily dependent on horses. And they were taking steps to introduce a breeding programme at a time when the British were looking to go fully mechanised. Indivative of their wrongheaded muddled thinking.
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  360.  @ferdinandsiegel4470  Not true.
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  361.  @inspectorcal  It came close during WW-2. Germany had been either a threat to or at war with the rest of Europe for nearly 50 years.
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  362. JamtlandRC channel Thanks for mentioning about subscribers as I have just click the button. Odd thing is I thought I had already subscribed. Anyway, better late then never.
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  363. Another interesting moment in history. Odd that the award could be back dated. Was there a limit to how far back they could go? I did come across something about an American Soldier who served in Vietnam and who had won the Medal of Honor. But his actions during four other events would have also resulted in his being awarded the medal four more times except the award was restricted to just the one. Is this correct?
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  364. Like me I think you would be better with something bigger. The German Maus may be what we want.😄
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  365. Actually I am surprised no one questioned why this cannon was allowed to be used. The problems with this method of construction had been known about for centuries. I seem to remember that they usually surrounded it by steel bars placed length ways and held in place with steel straps which were then wrapped around the barrel. I am sure that sort of build had been superseded long before this incident. So why was it allowed to be used? Speaking of guns. The Battle of Agincourt was 25 October 1415. This is where the English archers defeated the French knights. But some of the French wounded, and possibly even dead, were shot with a very early handgun. It was basically a metal tube with a touch hole at the breach end which was attached to a long steel spike. There was not many but here at the height of the archers fame were the seeds of what would replace the bow. And one more thing I hope you will find interesting. The Battle of Trafalgar was 21 October 1805. One of the most important sea battles in history. Fought under sail. But on March 28 1803 the steam powered boat, the Charlotte Dundas, sailed on a canal in Scotland. Again the new there at the height of the old. In fact this event nearly changed history a lot sooner then it did. There was a plan to use steam ships to tow fire ships which would have been used to attack the combines French and Spanish fleets, but it was judge that the technology was not ready. So the plan was abandoned and Nelson had his day.
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  366. Same with the TSR2 in Britain. They also destroyed everything to do with the aircraft. There was a report issued in 1959 about future AA missiles making it to dangerous for aircraft to survive in combat and this was used as the reason for the TSR2 being cancelled. I thing the fact that it was becoming very expensive was more the reason why it was cancelled.
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  367.  eclemensen  I truly hope it all ends well for you.
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  368. I knew quite a bit of the information here but there was lots I did not know, so thanks. Along with the list of things taxed was a window tax. Yes they taxed daylight. There are building from that period which had some of the windows bricked up to save money. And others which had the windows bricked up when built with the view to the windows being added when the tax was repealed. Some, though, have had bricked up windows included for aesthetic reasons rather then because of the tax as many of these were built long after the tax was repealed.
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  369.  @alecblunden8615  three Italian fighter squadrons took part in the Battle of Britain. All biplanes I seem to remember. After three week they went back home. The three squadrons were reduced to the point were they had enough aircraft for one squadron.
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  370.  @terryboyer1342  Aren't you related Ralph of the Simpsons 😄
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  371. The term stone, which is 14 pounds, comes from the simple fact that they used stones as weights. Sometimes the answers are simpler then we think.
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  372. Bill and Ben the Flowerpot Men. Watched them as a kid. I knew about the claim that the industrial revolution was fuelled by the potato which did surprise me at the time. Like many such things there was more to it then that. How much has the humble potato become part of out lives? I have a recipe book with over 200 potato based recipes in it. Including potato chocolate cake. Must admit I've not tried that one.
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  373. strangers death by custard pie.
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  374. You could be the first person on the moon who would feel right at home. 👍
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  375.  @chrisebert7307  he often goes into the details in more depth whereas the History Guy often gives the larger picture. Both very interesting in there own way
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  376. I do remember this incident. One of the things it changed was the Royal Protection group finally got to replace the PPK which, as we see here, was prone to jamming. In the past vehicle number plates were registered locally and a number of the Queens cars were registered in Kingston upon Hull were I live. This is because it could be registered as HRH.
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  377. For a religion supposedly based on brotherly love they were very brutal. And if you think this was bad the 30 Years War is still regarded as the most brutal war in Europe in the last 1000 years.
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  378. I am not sure what my partners feelings towards the rest of the US are be she does have a soft spot for Reese's peanut butter chocolate.
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  379. In the UK there is the PDSA Dickin Medal which is the animal equivalent of the Victoria Cross. It is awarded to animals that have displayed "conspicuous gallantry or devotion to duty while serving or associated with any branch of the Armed Forces or Civil Defence Units"
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  380. Over the years I have read many accounts of various raids during WW2 and from what I have learned I would class this one as a success. Yes there were problems but as the say about military plans they do not survive contact with the enemy. And the important thing is they adapted to the situation and carried on. And equally as important lessons were learned for the next time. During WW2 the US armies Rangers were originally trained by the British armies commandos and part of that training was to cross a river using a rope suspended above it. While doing this an NCO throw grenades into the river to simulate being under fire. A US Ranger said they would not use this method as the river they planned to use was full of alligators. How to incentives your troops.
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  381. Not heard of Mary Edwards Walker but she sounds like someone I would have liked to have met. I find it odd that she had her Medal of Honor was removed because she was a civilian in a combat situation, while a US Navy officer received one for helping rescue people involved in a hotel fire and not in a combat situation. Have you come across Noel Chavasse. He was a surgeon who served in the First World War and one of only three people to have won the Victoria Cross twice and both in the same war. Like Mary he would go out into no-mans-land to help the wounded. He was wounded himself a number of times while rescuing the wounded, the last time fatally. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noel_Godfrey_Chavasse Interestingly of the other two who won two Victoria Crosses twice one was Lt. Col. Arthur Martin-Leake, also a doctor. He won his first in the Boer and his second in WW 1. Here's a quiz for you. In the 1920s a British soldier received the Medal of Honor, posthumously. While an American soldier received the Victoria Cross. Also posthumously and also in the 20s. Can you name either of them?
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  382. The early days of motor vehicle travel was no different to those before cars, just a lot faster. I have seen film footage back in the 20's in Britain of one car overtaking another only for it in turn to be overtaken during the process. That's got to be exciting if your in the oncoming car. Travelling on the left goes back to the Romans. Archaeologists excavated a Roman quarry in England and it was noticed that the side of the road leaving the quarry showed more wear then on the side entering the quarry. This could only have been caused by laden carts leaving the quarry, as those entering would be travelling light, and as it on the left side then Romans travelled on the left. Ford's any colour as long as it is black was actually a myth as other colours were available but black was the most used colour. I have a feeling it had something to do with costs as black paint was cheaper. The myth is one which Ford perpetuated themselves as in the 70's they brought out a car which could only be bought in black. As part of its advertising they included the slogan 'any colour as long as it is black', claiming it was used on the original Model T. But they later had to relent and sell them in other colours. Anyway research has shown the the Model T was available in other colours. You may want to look at a man called Percy Shaw who invented the Cat's Eye or Road Stud. I believe you call them Dott's Dots. Percy was in the finest tradition of the English eccentric who smoked cigars in a pipe, well he enjoyed both so why not. I may be wring but I believe a shed was involved.
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  383. I found it interesting that nutritionists say that potatoes are not part of your five portions of fruit and vegetables per day. I think it's to stop us going around to the fish and chip shop and ordering five bags of chips.
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  384. christosvoskresye You would think so wouldn't you.
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  385. I am aware they had rockets on Iwo Jima but as always it is interesting to hear about their history and how they were used. I have read and seen a number of documentaries about the fighting on Iwo Jima. The one thing that has puzzled me was how they decided who got which medals. Medals are supposed to be awarded for those who went above and beyond that call of duty. From what I have read that has to be everyone who served there.
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  386. Considering that in his previous job landing an aircraft with failures like that would not have been an option I think he did pretty well.
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  387.  @copferthat  During WW1 artillery batteries went from four guns to six and many of those extra guns came from batteries that had suffered casualties. Partly it was realised that bigger batteries were needed but it was easier to transfer trained soldiers to an existing batteries then take them out if the line to train up the replacements. My grandfather was, as I said, one of Kitchener's Mob. Originally he went to join the Hull Pals but they were looking for men with a certain skill set and he was asked to join the Royal Artillery instead. Like the Hull Pals, his battery was one of two raised locally in Hull and the surrounding area. But later during the war replacements came from other areas. I came across one replacement who came from Bradford. My fathers eldest brother went the other way. During WW2 he started out in the Royal Artillery, he was in the Territorial Army before the war, and was transferred to the Kings Own Yorkshire Light Infantry to bring it back up to full strength after it had been devastated during battle. He later went on to join the Commando's.
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  388. For any who study history we know the value of the original material. So we understand what a lose such fires can be. I know that here in the UK great care is taken with regards to the preservation of nitrate film, obviously influenced by incidents like this.
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  389. Not the first time I have heard it but, yes, it's still funny. And so apt
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  390.  @Lucas-vn5hz  I am British not American. We celebrated Chrstmas long before America existed. I know Muslims and they do not hate Christmas, they just don't celebrate it. And leftist do celebrate Christmas, at least here they do.
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  391. My thoughts as well.
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  392. The French came up with an idea during WW1 of having an armoured car with an aircraft engine and a propeller mounted at the rear of the car. The idea was to use the propeller to push the car along over the battlefield. It was not, as will have guessed, a huge success. Having said that America did power their M3 Lee/Grant tanks and the M4 Sherman using aircraft engines. Not to mention the M3 and M5 Stuart tanks. Just not with a propeller.
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  393. When we look at warships our eye is always drawn to the battleships and aircraft carriers. But if you are looking for action then look to the smaller warships as they will often see more fighting then any other ship.
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  394.  @dragonsword7370  Thanks. I am subscribed the the Tank Museum but sometimes I miss one. 👍😊 It's interesting how many of use follow the same YouTube channels. Good taste obviously
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  395.  @markfryer9880  I have read of a few. One man ended driving around the English countryside and almost ended up crashing onto railway line, To be fair though it was a smart device just that the drive was not.
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  396. So how come you've not shown your boss The History Guys videos. People can be very understanding. Having said that there will be no chance to mention you went the wrong way.
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  397.  @knightowl3577  I've seen some of their guard towers on Hadrian's Wall and they used those items. They also had fire at night time.
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  398. I some years ago remember reading Michael Howard's book on the Franco Prussian War and I was stuck by the utter mess the French had gotten themselves into with their mobilisation. Despite the fact that they were at war it was decided that civilians could travel be train as normal which meant the military had work their way around the civilians. Soldiers had to make their own way to their units, often finding that the regiment was no longer where they thought it was. They would then set off to the regiments next known location. Many men never did reach their regiments and ended up in ad hoc units cobbled together from whoever was on hand. The French cavalry attacks you mentioned were a complete disaster as the Germans were inside the buildings while the French were out on the roads. Result was that many of the French were simply shot off their horses. And both sides were using rifles so this added to the folly of sending cavalry into urban areas. You would think that soldiers would learn lessons from all this, but no. There was a cavalry charge against a unit of artillery. I forget the details but I think it was Prussians cavalry and French artillery. The charge was over 800 yards and as far as the Prussians were concerned it was successful as they took the guns. Proof, said many cavalrymen, that cavalry still had a place on the battlefield. Details omitted were that though the cavalry had to attack the guns which were 800 yards away, 400 of those yards were in dead ground. In other words they were only under fire for the last 400 yards. And the other detail missed was that half the cavalry died in the attack. You have to think that if not for the dead ground the rest of the regiment would have suffered the same fate.
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  399. Yes you would. Probably with a shot of whisky
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  400.  Mycel  Do not be too hard on Carl. Not everyone understands or appreciates the joys of being a hard core coffee drinker.
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  401. Next you'll be telling me all good stories include pirates 🚣‍♀️(trainee pirate)
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  402. We all know you are going to look at it the same way as the rest of us. A knife in one hand, a fork in the other and trying not to drool. 🤤🍴
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  403. BippityboppityBOO Spices? Not sure Canada is noted for its spices. India and the Far East yes, but I am sure not about Canada. Still, if that's what you want to trade. It's just that you are going to have to paddle your canoe really fast between India and Canada.
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  404.  @deadfreightwest5956  Always better then the other way round 👍😄😄😄
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  405. Sounds about right for Hollywood, rpl palacio. These are the same people who though John Wayne could be a Mongol warrior. I mean there is only some ten inches difference in height. And the fact he looks European. But who noticed.
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  406. R Mack That is so true. I has taken some people a long time to learn that. Did you see in the news about the young black man from Mali who scaled the 18 floors of the outside of a building in France to rescue a young child. He was not supposed to be in France but they have acknowledge his bravery by giving him French citizenship and offered him a job as a fireman. French firemen are held in very high regard so you can imagine how big an honour this is. And today he has met the French President who gave him an award for bravery. Even the French Right, who are very much against immigrant, have had to acknowledge his bravery. In France he is a hero and no one questioned his race or ethnicity. Lesson learned. As for little people. My partner told me about her late grandfather who got into a fight with a little guy. Now her grandfather was quite good a fighting but that was no help here as he did the old "waking up with a crowd around you." He said it was the worst fight he had ever had and would avoid small men in the future.
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  407. Was it ever thus. Call him centurion instead of sergeant and what's changed. We have mentioned that brave soldiers do not have to be tall. I remember reading about a British soldier in the trenches in WW1 who was what was referred to as a bantam soldier because of his height. Slightest mention of Germans attacking the British front line and he was off like a ferret up a drainpipe. I remember thinking if we had a division like him they would have been in Berlin in three days.
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  408. Some memorials to the fallen of WW1 are both simpler and more local. The Pals Battalions would be raised locally. It may have been men from the same factory, or local sports team or even people from the same street. I grew up in a Street called Ella Street just off Newland Avenue. Four streets away is a street called Sharp Street. On the wall at the end of Sharp Street is a plaque dedicated to all those who died during WW1 who came from that street. This is one of a number of such plaques around the city. Some are now lost, ironically destroyed during air raids during WW2. Others have been removed and now reside in the Hull Street Life Museum. The Royal Mail has an office not five minutes from where I live and it has two plaques dedicated to postmen who died during WW1. When I have had occasion to visit the office I have taken time to red the names on the plaque. The plaque in Sharp Street is still there and I understand one or two others are still in our near their original position. Where I have found them I have taken the time to read the names. And like anyone interested in history I have wondered what happened to them. A more recent addition to the street plaques is in the railway station. In 2014 a number of plaques was put on display carrying the names of all those passed through the station but did not return. Over the years I have taken time to read their names as well. Just seems fitting that for even a brief moment someone thinks of them. For all those who think that people in prison should do something fitting with their time. These plaques were made by the inmates of Her Majesty's Prison Hull. I understand that those who worked on the project did so voluntarily.
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  409.  @timmmahhhh  In 1958 the British entertainer Max Bygraves had a hit with the song Tulips From Amsterdam. Unfortunately no pirates were involved, Tiptoe Through the Tulips dates from 1929 but again no pirates.
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  410. True RonJohn63 At the end of the day what matters is getting the job done with the minimum causalities to your own side in both men and materials. Sinking a U-Boat or two helps as well. They had a similar problem in WW1 in that Pershing thought he knew better then the French and British, and that got a lot of very brave Americans killed. When the armistice came into effect on 11th November he was still sending in attacks against the Germans, attacks which cost American lives. Many of his senior officers thought he should have been charged with murder for those action.
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  411. Josh Geiger I thought the same thing.
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  412. I do wonder if, like Taffy 3, the Japanese fired armour piercing shells rather then HE. If it was HE then you would expect the bow of the submarine to have been blown off. Well at least the Japanese captain did not have to sail backwards which seemed to be a speciality of the US Navy at that time.
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  413. Sam Sadowitz I had assumed that was what you were referring to. Problem was the Royal Navy, or anyone else's for that matter, did not fully appreciate the full capabilities of the R Class, so they were never fully developed and we had to wait for more recent times to see their full potential. I have read that the shape of modern submarines is based on that of the airship as it was more streamlined then conventional submarines shape.
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  414. The US Navy did some research looking into improving the shape of the submarine to make it faster and sleeker. So they looked at the likes of the sharks, dolphins et cetera and discovered the best shape was the penguin. You do get the feeling they would have preferred something like the shark rather then a penguin, just for the look of it if nothing else.
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  415. You have to wonder how many pilots looked behind themselves, saw the shark mouth and thought "well that looks scary." I have a feeling not as many as looked behind and thought "shit, he's shooting at me."😊
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  416. Definitely history worth remembering. That battle cut short the lives of some very talented soldiers. I remember watching a documentary "Custer's Last Stand Battlefield Detectives" which used archaeology to give clearer understanding of what happened that day on the battlefield. I thought was very interesting. As I have taken part in field walks for archaeology I can appreciate the value this gave to a better understanding of what happened.
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  417. Interesting about the way Rickenbacker behaved in the life rafts. I read about a ship which sank several years ago in which half the crew went into one raft with the captain while the first officer took the rest of the crew in the other raft. The had a rope tying the two rafts together but not closely. The first officer behaved as Rickenbacker did, keep the men busy with various tasks and keeping their moral up. After several days the first officer decided to check how those in the other raft were fairing so hauled their raft closer to that of the captain. Those in this raft were in a very bad way. The captain had made no attempt to keep up moral or to give the crew activities to help them. The results was several of the men had died and the rest were not much better. They did get rescued and the first officer received praise for the way he performed. Unfortunately I cannot remember the fate of the captain but his actions, or lack of them, were condemned.
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  418. I have heard of James Clerk Maxwell and I did know of his achievements. But, as always, it is enjoyable to hear your retelling of his life and its accomplishments. You have to wonder how much more he would have achieved if his life span had been longer.
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  419.  @vitabricksnailslime8273  Well the Victorians were also against slavery so he would not have been for sale.
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  420. You do have to wonder what would have happened if he had faced the Indian forces. Had he'd won then what next. Obviously his men had thought the same and had decided enough was enough.
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  421.  @jamesrather7170  I know it used to be that powered ships had to give way to sailing ship. But I cannot see one of the big carriers getting out of the way of a little sailing ship.
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  422.  @hshs5756  interesting that John Ford never mention that sort of thing.
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  423. I do vaguely remember this story but mostly because when there was a television programme about the trial. We had a number of three wheel cars built by a company called Reliant between 1952 with the final production in 2002. It was reasonably cheap to buy and as it had a motorcycle engine cheap to run. It was seen as a motorcycle so insurance, road tax and driving licence were for a motorcycle, again making it cheaper and easier to get in the road. It originally had an aluminium body but over time this was replaced with a fibreglass body. The downside is that it had the two wheels at the back and only one at the front, which meant it had a tendency to roll over if you took a corner too fast. Some have claimed this is a myth but I used to know someone who owned one and he had mentioned it had rolled over on several occasions. And the fibreglass body, though making the car lighter and easier to repair, could be a problem. I personally saw an accident when the driver of a Reliant pulled away from the curb without looking and was struck a glancing by a passing car. Though the other car took minimal damage, mostly scratched paintwork, the Reliant had a piece about a foot long knocked out of it. And I know of another accident were the entire bodywork disintegrated leaving the car with no bodywork at all. The only thing that save to family in the car from serious injury was the fact they were all wearing seat belts. Oddly enough those who drove these three wheeled Reliant cars were, for the most part, devoted to them and were not too happy when production finally ended. It one claim to fame was in an extremely popular British comedy series Only Fools And Horses as the main character drove Reliant Regal Supervan III.
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  424. Well, I thought, if it's a Pastry War then that's got to be France and Austria fighting over who does the best pastries to serve with their coffee. And lets be frank here. There are no other countries who take pasty as seriously as the French and the Austrians. I was almost there when it turns out the French were fighting the Mexicans and brought on an Austrian just to add to the confusion.
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  425. I would not be surprised.
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  426. Interesting thought but as Iraq had been fighting Iran I am sure they had many experienced pilots. And I am sure the Allied intel would have picked up on it if they did. Plus when they did that stupid stunt of flying their best aircraft to Iran you would expect their best pilots to be flying them.
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  427. As we know the Mig 25's only purpose was to catch the XB70 Valkyrie. It was a flying brick.
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  428. As gardeners are want to say a weed is just a flower in the wrong place. Personally I do enjoy seeing the dandelion, as well as the daisy, and who has not done the dandelion clock. But then again I am not someone who is into gardening in a big way so maybe my view is coloured in different hues.
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  429. There are a number of houses which have had their gardens restored. Interesting because it not only includes horticulturists but also historians and archaeologists.
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  430.  @ChiefAUS  They were originally at Fort Paull on the River Humber. The fort had been there for sometime and I believe the lights were used from before WW1. I actually knew about them before the archaeologist did as I had come across a description about them. They were situated just above the high tide level and could sweep just above and parallel to the rivers surface which meant that no ship coming in could hide. As we are on cannons. Some old ships cannons from the age of sail were recycled as bollards around the old town docks.
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  431. Vodka and potato bread.
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  432. I has heard of the USS Carl Vinson but I had not heard of who it was named after. So now I do know. And you have to ask yourself how much different things would have been but for people like him.
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  433.  @nickmadigan2824  Home made for preference
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  434.  @mytech6779  Not sure where you are but in the UK we have back bacon which can be smoked or non smoked. We have belly pork bacon as well which is called streaky bacon. This can also be smoked. Hope that helps.
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  435.  @TheHistoryGuyChannel  we know of several others from that time which are, unfortunately long gone.
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  436. If you think of how much material was involved you could probably wear one better then a thin person.
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  437. In both world wars many more of the smaller ships were needed, rather then the bigger ships such as battleships, so they received priority, with many of the larger ships either not being built or delayed. So it would make sense to utilise the hulls of the two damaged ships rather then scrap them. Interestingly Jacky Fisher gave the world HMS Dreadnought, the worlds first true battleship. The most powerful ship afloat at that time and making all other big ships obsolete. Yet by the end of the century it was gone. Replaced by the likes of the carrier and the submarine. But of which served in WW1. Ironically HMS Dreadnought is the only battleship credited with sinking a submarine by ramming.
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  438. Thank you for this video. I had heard of Memorial Day, and I assumed it was to remember those who died for others. But I knew little of the detail behind it. So, thanks to you, I now have a much greater understanding of it significance. And I believe your uncle George would be have appreciated what you did to tell everyone of the significance of Memorial Day.
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  439. Isn't he noted for the saying 'follow the money' when he was working as a lawyer defending Sextus Roscius on a charge of patricide. The real culprit was Chrysogonus a favourite of the dictator Sulla. Because of Cicero Roscius was acquitted and shortly after that Chrysogonus disappeared.
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  440.  @TheHistoryGuyChannel  Though by this time England did not have slavery, some slave owners maintained the freed slaves would go insane. So keeping them as slaves was good for their mental wellbeing. We know this because one Church of England clergyman, who claimed to be against slavery, wrote about it and believed what he had been told. Not sure which was worse. That people would stoop so low as to justify slavery or that others believed such obvious falsehoods. But as Lincoln said, you can fool some of the people all of the time.
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  441. Thanks for the reminder. I must admit this one had slipped my mind.
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  442. One of the victims of Covid-19 was a 108 year old woman Hilda Churchill. The oldest person in the UK to die from it. Hild was just seven years old when her entire family caught Spanish Flu. All survived except her one year old sister Beryl. She later married and had four children, 11 grandchildren, 12 great-grandchildren and three great-great-grandchildren.
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  443. oldmwr100rs As I mention elsewhere we know it was not the speed. The speeding idea seems to have come along later. One of those urban myths. Though Hollywood myth would seem more appropriate considering all the actors who claim to have had premonitions about his death. What I was mentioning here was an historical fact about cars with disc brakes in the UK were carrying a notice on the back of the car to warn others.
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  444. Interestingly there was a cholera epidemic of 1832 which hit New York and also hit the City of York, amongst many other places. It caused 185 deaths in York and a separate burial ground had to be set up to take the extra burials. There is still a monument to the dead there today.
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  445. Thanks for that, Jack. I'd forgotten about the Confederates fighting in the US Army in the West.
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  446. Your mention of the cost of repairs for the road reminded me of a local turnpike road the repair of which was much complained about. Apparently the most damage caused by any vehicle using the road was actually caused by the cart used to carry the material to repair the road. Of course part of the reason for paying to use a road was to cover the costs of repair. So something of a paradoxical problem. Your mentioning the use of existing Indian roads was also interesting. When I studied archaeology I discovered that many English roads in use today followed property bounders dating back to the Bronze Age. So over two and a half thousand years old. In fact many boundaries for village townships date from prehistoric times. Well, another of your interesting little gems.
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  447. I have come across Eugene Bullard's story before so I did know about him. Personal link here. My paternal grandfather served in the 124th Battery Royal Garrison and he fought at the Somme. So not far from Bullard. I think your figure for the number of black pilots is incorrect as I do know of at least one British pilot who was black. He was one of an unknown number of Black personnel who joined the Royal Flying Corps (RFC), the Royal Naval Air Service and, from 1 April 1918, the Royal Air Force. He was Sergeant Robbie Clarke and was accepted to undergo pilot training in England in December 1916 and having completed the course, Robbie qualified on 26 April 1917. in July 1918 he came under attack will flying conducting a photographic mission aboard R.E.8 when they were attacked by five enemy fighters. He was shot through the spine but later recovered. His observer survived unscathed. Interestingly he mentioned before becoming a pilot that he would like to transfer to another squadron to serve alongside a friend. A total of 15,600 Black volunteers joined the British West Indies Regiment, so was his friend in this squadron also like Robbie and came originally from this regiment. And if so did he also become a pilot. The British Army had at least one black officer, Walter Tull. Before the war he had been a professional footballer and with the outbreak of war joined the British Army as an enlisted man before eventually becoming a second lieutenant. Tull served in Italy and he was praised for his "gallantry and coolness" by Major-General Sydney Lawford, General Officer Commanding (GOC) 41st Division. He had led 26 men on a night-raiding party, crossing the fast-flowing rapids of the Piave River into enemy territory and returning them unharmed. He died in France on the 25th March during the First Battle of Bapaume, during the German Spring Offence. Despite the efforts of a number of people, and while under fire, his body was never recovered. He was greatly mourned by his men.
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  448. I know NATO aircraft practice landings and takeoffs from motorways and such, in fact Sweden use them instead of airfields, but these are much wider and the traffic has been stopped for the occasion. And definitely devoid of buses.
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  449.  @deanstuart8012  The Gillingham in Kent is a soft G. We have entertained their football team on more then one occasion. As for the Stuarts, well there is always part of the family no one likes to talk about, the blacksheep as they are referred to. The rest are fine, nice people who you'd be happy to meet. Just do not stand outside Kingston upon Hull and demand entry. We had a Charles Stuart who did that and it ended badly for him.😊
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  450. Actually saw them live.
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  451. That has got to be difficult to deal with. On the one hand relieved it was not you and on the other saddened at the deaths.
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  452. There does seem to be a lot of rumours and even conspiracy theories about this crash. There was one which went on for years that Big Bopper had survived the crash but because there was no rescue attempt until the storm died down he shot himself. In the end Big Bopper's son had to have his body exhumed for an autopsy which proved he died in the crash.
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  453. Tom C Thanks for that. I remember Telstar, and Mike Berry. Though I have to admit remembering Telstar but nothing by Mike Berry's music. To use a British phrase, not my cup of tea. I do remember him when he replaced Trevor Bannister in Are you being served but only vaguely. He lacked the stand out presence of the other actors.
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  454. That is true about the Soviets being in poor shape themselves. Of course Germany was not in a much better shape at this time either. What with the various factions vying for power.
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  455. Your looking good for your age.😄
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  456. Thinking of all the things the Allies did during the war you don't think it was something we thought up. Save us a lot of time if they sink themselves.
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  457. Actually we now know that Americas did clash with Russians during the Cold War over North Korea as some of the Migs were flown by Russians. Interesting that the US pilots so often got the better of these encounters. As many Russian pilots were veterans of WW2 it tells you a lot about what they learned and how good, or not, the Germans they had faced were.
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  458. There is, of course, the Neolithic couple who died some 6,000 years ago and were buried at what is now Mantua, Italy, 25 miles south of Verona. They were buried in each others arms, the original Romeo and Juliet perhaps. They are being described as young at the time of death but I seem to remember that life expectancy was around 32 at this time so that would not be unusual.
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  459. Sounds like one of those sales offers Get Three Tsarevich Dmitry's for the price of one. Most must have known that none was the true Tsarevich Dmitry but it shows that the obviously had there own agenda. It reminded of year 69 CE when there was a Civil War in Rome between four people who claimed to be the next Emperor after the death of Nero. It is called the Year of Four Emperors and Vespasian became the winner. Of the one hundred plus Roman emperors only a handful were not assassinated. I once suggested that for Roman emperors death by assassination should counts as natural causes. It is a shame about Anastasia. From what I have read she was very bright and vary brave. If she had survived she could have made an excellent contribution to the world. She would certainly have made a better leader then her father.
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  460. writerconsidered I understand what you are saying but I was referring more to the fact that no formal declaration of war was made which resulted in open conflict between NATO and the Warsaw Pact countries. No T62s, T64s or T72s came charging through the Fulda Gap at any time. For the most part sanity prevailed, though there were points were it came pretty close. And you are so right about it being the last war. Considering the effect it would have had on the planet the unlucky ones would have been the survivors. One thing I did find interesting was the Russian plans for such a war. Apparently they had a defensive line across Poland which would have been occupied by the Poles with the Russians in the rear. The idea was that the Poles would be sacrificed to NATO and then the Russians would counter attack and drive back NATO. It's nice to know who your friends are.
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  461. I understand the barrage balloon joke was used by King George VI, though not sure if he was the first. Amongst those who parachuted into Normandy with the British Paratroopers was the regimental padre. Apparently this was a great moral boost.
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  462. Only three people won the Victoria Cross twice. Two of them were doctors.
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  463. Quick note about pronouncing British place-names. When pronouncing Woolwich do not use the second W. It should be pronounced Woolich. Though Wulich is closer. For those interested the word wich comes from the Old English wick meaning trading place, in this case wool.
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  464. I think that's the French your thinking of. :D
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  465. It does when they are teasing you about them speaking English backwards. :-)
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  466. From the video I got the impression they were the ones on the top floors.
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  467. Denmark was one of the areas the English originally came from.
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  468.  @TheLoxxxton  I think it's the Funnel Web Spider for under the toilet seat. Not a place you want to be bitten.
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  469.  @kl2894  The people are fine, but it's the wild life you have to watch out for.
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  470. I know of the Bantam Battalions and their reputation for being scrappy fighter. Even the Prussians, usually six foot and over, found them hard to deal with. I have read of one man, I think he was about five foot two, who at the slightest hint there were Germans about would rush off to the trenches hoping for a fight. As for the firing step in the front line trench they got around that by raising it up before use. This did cause some problems for the next battalion to serve there if they were taller with it being to high for safety so the Bantams had to take it down again before they left the front line. One problem here is that they would serve just one day in ten in the front line, so the Bantams had to build it up and bring it down in the same day. For those who are wondering what a battalion is it is the British Armies equivalent to a regiment. So at full strength a battalion was about 1000 men. A regiment would be made up of a number of battalions and was more for administration. One of the Pals Battalions which served in France in WW1 was the 10th Battalion, the East Yorkshire Regiment.
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  471. Not heard of the Black Tom Explosion, though knowing what Germany got up to in WW2 it does not surprise me.
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  472. I must admit I was surprised that there was a limit as it did not make any sense. I came across it on YouTube, not always the most accurate of sources, with exception of your good self, but as this was originally a television programme I thought more care would have been take with regards to accuracy. Obviously not.
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  473. the world needs more Yip Harburg's and less Joe McCarthy's. People who bring happiness to the world, not miseries like McCarthy.
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  474. I seem to remember that the F-102 was built before the area rule and the F-106 after. The area rule is a design technique used to reduce an aircraft's drag at transonic and supersonic speeds. It basically keeps the aircraft's cross section to a minimum. The British Blackburn Buccaneer is an excellent example of the area rule.
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  475.  @mikeb.5039  Thanks for that, Mike. Interestingly if you look at the English Electric Lightning, a contemporary of the F-102, in plan view you can see the wing is a delta but with a notch cut out of each wing. It even has the ailerons moved to the wingtips where they would be on a delta wing.
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  476.  @rogerwhittle2078  Just looked at the line drawings of both on Wikipedia and apart from the F-106 having a pinched waste halfway down then it is difficult to tell them apart. And if you were looking out of a cockpit in a dogfight then I think it would be nearly impossible.
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  477.  @paulmazan4909  One Polish pilot was shot and killed by a member of the Home Guard because he thought the pilot was German
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  478.  @paulmazan4909  I can understand why they did what they did, and if the situation was reversed I am sure many British pilots would have done the same.
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  479. I knew about the Cuban marathon runner and what happened to him. Had a sleep and still came fourth. What's that say about the rest of the field? As for the winner being helped over the line I seem to remember another Olympics in the same era when this happened but this time the runner was disqualified. Baron Pierre de Coubertin, founder the International Olympic Committee, was inspired by the by a visit by him to the Wenlock Olympian Games in 1890 and was regarded by him as part of the Olympics. It would be interesting to revive some of the original sports. The 'Old Women's Race' with the prize of a pound of tea could be one of the events brought back. But the blindfolded wheelbarrow race has got to be in the next Olympics. I think in this case maybe a time limit for how long each race should be and, possibly no longer then an hour. And, in the circumstances, a prize for everyone who actually gets over the line.
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  480. Apparently the style you see in The Weeping Woman was influenced by an incident which happened when he was younger. A girl was stuck by lightning and a local doctor carried out an autopsy on her. Having no experience of autopsies he started by cutting her face open to examine her, not the usually practice, and Picasso, along with several others, watched what the doctor did. This is what influenced this style of painting. I knew about Picasso's reputation with women and his objectifying of them. Not a nice person, to put it mildly.
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  481. Firstly there were no Celts in Britain. That was a romantic notion which has no evidence to support it. The supposed Celtic book of Kells is actually a mixture of Irish and English art. Referred to as Hiberno-Saxon art. The nearest Celts were in what is now Portugal and Spain. Understanding the causes of disease can take some time to grasp. Many deaths during the American Civil War were caused by soldiers drinking river water which was down river from other soldiers who were up river using the same river as a toilet. I seem to remember reading that disease was a major cause of death during this war. The British army had realised the connection sometime before and took greater care to avoid contaminating drinking water.
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  482. I forgot to mention HMS Dreadnought. Not only was it the first in a new type of warship it is the biggest ship ever to sink a submarine by ramming. Unlike the Buckley there was no attempt at boarding by the Germans.
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  483.  LagiNaLangAko23  No. I think that one covered three different vaccines in one go.
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  484. Some countries, especially some small islands, got quite a bit of their revenue from stamps. They did some beautiful stamps, often rectangular in shape
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  485. I have heard of that but that art teacher classes must have been great fun.
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  486.  @sarjim4381  I know there was a lot of complaints from the airforce in Viet Nam about the number of fixed wing aircraft the army was using and the army had to give many of them up.
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  487.  @roboticus71  The very one. 👍
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  488.  @CSSVirginia  Yes. But why he did so is a mystery.
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  489. Actually I can understand why he did the robo voice as not everyone is that confident about how they will sound. Launching yourself out onto the Internet can be somewhat daunting. But, having heard him I think we can all agree he does come across well. He is authoritative but at the same time does have a sense of humour and, if you like, human. By that I mean there are times when he is just as baffled by something as the rest of us. Anyway, I think we have probably encroached enough on The History Guys channel.
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  490. You now see so many dogs doing so many things today, even with modern technology, that you wonder what we would do without them.
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  491.  @helenchristman2950  Me too
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  492. Suetonius is another Roman historian who is unreliable. The Twelve Caesars reads more like a tabloid journalism.
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  493. Or you could subscribe and click on the Bell icon and YouTube lets you know when the next gem is ready. 😊
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  494. I do remember this story though it was good to be reminded of some of the details.
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  495.  @arachnonixon  I was the same. Now I use one of those hand scanners, so much easier. Plus I rarely have to wait. In fact just once in over a year.
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  496. Tls papa As you say he may have been just coming on but how many days had he done before then without a break. And just arriving, being late, he would probably been rushing to take over so the man he was replacing and on top of all of that they were in the middle the troop movement. And then they were also short of people because of those who had left to join up.
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  497. I remember this being on the news as well as the Turkish crash. The crash of United Airlines Flight 232 DC10 at Sioux City, Iowa, came about when the number two (tail) engine suffered an uncontained fan disk failure in flight, which damaged all three hydraulic systems and rendered the hydraulic flight controls inoperable. Just as with American Airlines Fight 96 the lack of a cable backup system meant that the flight crew had to use the engines to control the aircraft. The crash at Sioux City led to 111 of the 296 people onboard dying. I remember watching a documentary about it which mentioned how the pilot Captain Al Haynes felt about the lose of those people. But watching the documentary my thoughts were 185 people survived because of what he and the flight crew had done.
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  498. I am sure there are American place-names which for you will trip of the tongue but we would trip over.
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  499. I was thinking about all of you people across the pond today. I was looking at a recipe which included Worcestershire sauce. You will be happy to know it is optional.😊
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  500. Well I had wondered where the name Cadillac had come from and now I know. It's interesting how often people of vision have their detractors yapping at their heels, jealous at their successes and wanting to steal what they could not earn for themselves.
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  501. I should have added that in Ancient Rome they had one day a year where people would visit their relatives in the cemetery and have a picnic which included food for the departed. So the dead could join them. In Medieval England the Church did not have to pay taxes so markets were held in the cemetery so that tax did not have to be paid. Different times different traditions.
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  502. In the UK polio vaccination was introduced in the mid 1950s, and I was born after its launch. I had heard of people catching it and the Iron Lung used to help people breath but by the time I had an understanding of its existence death from polio was something in the past.
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  503. Well done. :)
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  504. Having read about Poe I can only say how unlucky he was. Talk about suffering for your art. I have found peoples various interpretations of his poem The Raven interesting. To me it is not some dark Gothic style story but a love story. He has lost someone dear to him and he is hoping that the raven is a messenger and has come to tell him she has passed onto a better place. I do not know if he was aware of it but one of Americas native people used to believe that ravens were a messenger from the afterlife. As for his drinking. I am reminded of the actor Sterling Hayden who once said during an TV interview he would drink when he was writing. He never understood why but he found he could write better when he did. I do wonder in Poe's case whether writing brought so much emotion out of him it was his way of dealing with it.
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  505. Think you may have mixed up two different events here. It happens to us ancient ones. U-113 was SM U-113 and surrendered to France 20th November 1918. The first Enigma machine did not appear until 1923. I wonder if you were referring to Sub-Lieutenant David Balme of HMS Bulldog who led a boarding party that removed the Enigma coding machine and various codebooks from U-110. This was May 1941. Sub-Lieutenant, later Lieutenant Commander, David Balme survived to the grand old age of 95 dying in 2016. I agree with you about U-boats being a deathtrap. I did read that they had the highest casualty rate of any branch of service during the war. Higher then the Japanese kamikaze casualty rates.
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  506. Thanks for that. They say an artist must suffer for his art. Well Kipling certainly did that. I did know something of Kipling's life, though not the early part. And as with Charles Dickens it very much effected his writing. As for him being a jingoistic imperialist, he was a product of his time. His son John should never have served at the front. Without his glasses he was all but blind. The last reported sighting of him was on the battlefield, he was wounded and had lost his glasses. He was seen heading towards the German lines where he was probably killed. I have heard his song Barrack-Room Ballads being sung by officer cadets. He would not have been pleased as this was never what he wanted. A gentleman ranker was a gentleman who served as a common soldier and as such was disliked by both the officers, who thought he was betraying his class, and soldier who viewed him as a spy for the officers in their midst. The only time a ranker, a British term for a soldier, was away from the officers was when he was in the barracks. So the last thing that wanted was one living with them. So it should be sung by common soldiers, as intended, and not by would be officers. And with a lot of irony.
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  507. Mark Draper We also have towns and cities which came into existence solely because of the railways,such as Crewe, Swindon and Didcot.. Many of our seaside resorts were nothing more then little villages until the railways arrived. Even some of our football teams such as Manchester United have railway roots. The original team was made up men from the Carriage and Wagon department of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway. They are one of a number of football teams with ties to the railway, such as Crewe Alexandra. Crewe's nickname is The Railwaymen..
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  508. Your mention of the congressman who had one son fighting for the north and one for the south. This reminded me of two brothers who were fighting in a Confederate infantry regiment. One of the brothers suddenly called out for the other brother to stop shooting as he had just realised that the Union regiment they were fighting was the one their father was in. I also remember reading of a naval battle during the civil war in which the confederate ship surrendered. One of the Union officers quickly jumped aboard the confederate ship looking for his brother only to find him dying of his wounds. What made it worse was that the Union officer was the ships doctor, but even so he could not save his brothers life. Civil war. Brother against brother, father against sons.
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  509. I think you are out by 1000 years. Actually many of the legionnaires were not Roman by birth but obtained Roman citizenship just before joining the legion. This was partly because of a lack of recruits amongst Roman citizens and partly because those who did join were of such poor quality they ended up in the auxiliaries. When the 10th passed through Rome it was noted that they were taller then the local citizens and many were blond. Also many were having difficulty with the hot Roman summer. In Scotland on the Roman Antonine Wall there is evidence the Legionnaires were eating couscous from some of the pottery found there. This would suggest they could have been North African by birth. The reason for such poor levels of recruitment with natural Roman citizens is because many would only join when no other options were available to them. Apparently the US Army had the same problem in the 19th century.
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  510.  @LordDragon1965  Interestingly Wicca should be pronounced Wicha. And as a woman it would be Wicce as Wicca is the male form.
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  511. Chris Dykstra Me too
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  512.  @gringogreen4719  Thank you for your kind words, very much appreciated. One of the things that WW1 did bring about was the beginnings of the study of "shell shock" what we now call post traumatic stress disorder. So at least now it is recognised and treatments are available. I did read that many of those who fought in the Battle of Rorke's Drift would suffer from PTSD but it was of those things you did not talk about. Maybe one of the things that should be taught to all children through the world is the after effects of warfare, both the mental and physical effects. The true costs of war. When they became adults how many would be so keen to fight then.
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  513. Interesting that no one thought he had been followed home by someone from High Prairie who had seen him with his basket of money.
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  514. I have read about this incident but it is a story well worth retelling. It would be hard to imagine two people with such diverse background becoming such close friends, but war does bring people together in a way that you would not normally expect. Amongst those fighting in Korea was one Maurice Joseph Micklewhite Jr. from London. Better known as Sir Micheal Caine.
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  515.  @TheHistoryGuyChannel  Interesting about the drop in cirrhosis. It would be helpful to know how much the consumption of alcohol had changed during this period. Also how deaths are recorded. I know that one problem in the past here in the UK was that the cause of death may be attributed to one cause when there could well be an underlying one. As an example someone may be recorded as dying on pneumonia while the underlying problem was cancer. So cancer was under reported as contributing to the cause of death.
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  516. I understand why they do it but it is a bit hard to think of it in the present tense when your talking about a battle fought 2000 years ago. It's not like they are checking out the battle field on Google Earth.
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  517. I knew that St. Patrick was British and went over to Ireland to convert the Irish and about the snakes never having arrived in Ireland. But did you know that later the Irish sent priests to Britain to help keep Christianity alive when the Romans left. It had long been thought that Christianity left with the Romans and did not return until much later on. But we now know that it did not disappear entirely and that priests were sent over from Ireland to help keep it alive. The book of Kells is supposed to represent Celtic art. But if you look at Irish art, similar to pre-Roman British art, and look also at Anglo-Saxon art you will see that the Book of Kells is a mixture of the two. It is, in fact, Hiberno-Saxon art. It is now thought that the Book of Kells was supposed to have been sent as a gift to British Christians. The notion that the Celts were in the British Isles was a 19th century romantic idea and the real Celts never got any closer then Spain and Portugal.
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  518. Sad end to a man who lead a boys own adventure life.
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  519.  @TonyRule  Just tried scraping a fly of my screen. 😊
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  520. Okay, Never heard of the Fire Horse before do that is a first. Interestingly 1966 is also the year of the horse for the Chinese zodiac. I know there was a connection between China and Japan in the past as one of the three writing systems used by the Japanese, the logographic kanji, is based on Chinese characters. I did not realise they shared the same zodiac s well. Reading the title I had thought it was some odd event where a fire department horse had won some horse race, possibly against another fire department horse, because of some discussion about who had the fastest horse. Sad about the death of this young girl. it is a pity that here parents did not step forward and mention that she had made a mistake.
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  521. The Altmark's captain complained about British military aircraft flying inside Norwegian airspace while the Altmark was carrying British prisoners of war inside Norwegian waters. Not many people realise the coincidence here. Admiral Graf Spee, the man, died on 8 December 1014 during Battle of the Falkland Islands which is not far from where his namesake ship was sunk. He was attempting to make a surprise attack on the British radio station on the Falkland Islands. But he was the one who was surprised because a British squadron, including the battlecruisers HMS Invincible and Inflexible, had arrived there the day before. All four ships in his squadron were sunk.
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  522. When cooking or baking I use the metric system because it is easier to use. Also many liquid measuring jugs can lack accuracy. One way around that problem is to weight the liquid because in the metric system one litre of liquid weighs one kilo. Two things I find strange about America is why is it still using Fahrenheit when everyone else uses centigrade and why do cooks measure in cups? A cup of bread crumbs will not weigh the same as a cup of sugar. This, of course, beg the question do you measure in buckets and bathtubs for catering. Though I suppose bathtubs are for liquid measurements. Something which came in in the 20's apparently. A fact of historical interest. In Medieval England wine often came in butts which contained 1008 pints of wine. The wine would be kept on the round floor usually on the side furthest away from the sun. The room was called the buttery and the senior servant who was in charge of the buttery was called the butler. A furlong comes from the Old English furlang, from furh ‘furrow’ + lang ‘long’ and was the distance covered when ridge and furrow ploughing. Some can still be seen to this day.
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  523. But they are often the most interesting of people
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  524. It's the one time self medicating is okay. 😄🥃
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  525.  @NefariousKoel  It is a hugely important period in European history as well but again most of it is missed. Shame really as it had such an important impact on our lives.
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  526. The more complext it is the more there is to go wrong.
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  527.  @dannynicastro3207  Old fashioned firing squad. Military not civilian.
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  528. We had similar incidents in the UK but usually on a smaller scale. One pub fight started because some white GI's were causing trouble for a black GI and a British soldier stepped in on behalf of the black soldier. One of the White soldiers decided to hit the British soldier which was a big mistake. You see if he had bothered to read the shoulder flash of this soldier's shoulder he would have read the word Commando. That would have saved him the severe beating he received. If you are wondering how tough the commandos were, fighting the Germans was an easier option.
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  529. The thought of all those buckets. Brings a new meaning to getting your sh1t together.
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  530. Gods Skypig1 You have to admire any group who go out into sea in conditions which make the rest of us glad we don't have to. And I have seen what it is like at Spurn Point in winter so I have a good idea what it's like. Just for the record the River Humber is the second most difficult river in the world to navigate. I think the Amazon is supposed to be the worst, but I think it's something to do with them having piranhas. The sand banks change from tide to tide and if a Humber Pilot is away from the river for more then eight to ten days they have to relearn where they all are. In the past even the Humber Ferry would occasionally get caught out, and they cross the Humber several time a day.
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  531. I did my archaeology decree at Hull University so I know about the lost towns. I also believe there may have been a Roman Villa up near Spurn Point a very large Roman rubbish pit was found near there. And to be that size would suggest a large villa would be an obvious choice. In the Medieval period the Plain of Holderness was more often called the Isle of Holderness. This is because the River Hull flooded so extensively in the winter that it was cut off. If you stand in Hull where the old pier used to be and look across the Humber to the other side, now imagine it three times that width then you will understand how wide the Hull was in winter. The only thing crossing it was ferry boats. It is thought that William the Conqueror's Harrowing of the North did not get to Holderness because they could not cross the river as all the ferries stayed on the other bank.
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  532.  @christineparis5607  It was a parapet wall surrounding the roof. They obviously thought it was okay to do it there and they were obviously wrong. You should look at the Darwin Awards. It's for people who, through their own actions, died without having children. The idea is these peoples contribution to the gene pool stopped with them.
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  533.  @colinp2238  Well they wanted to be the best experience ever. And for them it was.
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  534. Well your set up was good but I think you need to work on the punchline. 🤡🤠 You mentioned circuses not having a fixed site. In the UK there are still a number of building which uses the name Hippodrome, Birmingham and Great Yarmouth are two which spring to mind, which were places were circuses performed in the past. Some of them are still places of entertainment today.
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  535. The problem with people just not understand how things had changed between the battleship and the aircraft carrier is shown by the aims of the Japanese Navy at the Battle of the Philippine Sea. They wanted to use their carriers to destroy the American carriers so this would allow their battleships to fight the American battleships. You do wonder if when the US carrier-based aircraft sank the battleship Yamato some Japanese Admiral suddenly thought "Oh, that's what we should have done at the Battle of the Philippine Sea." And we all know that when it came to submarine warfare the Germans led the way. But they also fell for the big ship syndrome. They had plans to build battleships and aircraft carriers. five of the first and two of the second I seem to remember. And they were not prepared for the fact that though they had the lead the Allies would catch up. More then one German submarine was sunk because it took to long to crashdive and they did not think they would face aircraft out at sea. And though they did try and innovate the Allies did it faster, with better ships, better weapons and tactics along with radar and High-frequency direction finding and better training. Not to mention the improvements in areas such as sonar and extended air cover. It did come across some figures about casualty rates for German submariners for WW2. They were second highest to only to one other. That other group was the Japanese Kamikaze.
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  536. Me too.
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  537. I remember watching a documentary about one of the Russian space stations. Apparently it was armed with a couple of cannons in case there was a clash with an American spacecraft. The Russians wanted the cosmonauts to test fire the cannons but the cosmonauts were died set against that idea. They were fearful of what might happen when the guns fired because of any potential damage it may cause to the space station from the recoil. They rigged it up so the guns could be fired remotely from earth. The guns were fired and the station was shaken about but it survived the test. I do not think this placated the cosmonauts though.
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  538. Thanks for that. With so little evidence showing the accused could have commit the murder you have to wonder why it went to court.
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  539.  Mycel  Sounds good to me. Especially now the colder weather is upon us. It's interesting how many people like a shot of something in their coffee. Hat's off to those fine people.
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  540. I think part of us would like to know what happened to them, but the other part doesn't want to spoil the mystery. Personally I like to think they finally had a chance to go straight and ended their lives as, somewhat, honest citizens. So don't solve the mystery as so far I am right.
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  541. You have to admire those involved in all of this. Now that is playing the long game. Hats off to them all. At one time this would have made a great film but today Hollywood would include a huge shoot out at the end.
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  542. Well you hope it's true. Even if it is all based on things we have invented. I remember all the excitement about the last change over to the new millennium. Some island out on the edge telling everyone they should go there to be the first to welcome in the new millennium. Then someone pointed out the the new millennium started at the Meridian line so everyone on that island would be the last to cross not the first.
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  543. So true R Mack A lesson learned in WW1. Having said that something like a 30 mm cannon could take out a track from just about any tank and we are back to the pillbox again.
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  544. When he was Prime Minister David Cameron praised the East India Company. This is like the President of Columbia praising the drugs cartels. Literally.
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  545.  Ambrose Burnside  Exactly, Ambrose 👍
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  546. A brave man.
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  547. Thanks R Mack. Well whatever his origins I definitely still think he deserves a mention.
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  548. At 5:52 the photograph shows the U-155 with a British soldier in cap and greatcoat stood next to the conning tower. The U-155 surrender on 24 November 1918 and was then put on display in London, hence the greatcoat. The submarine you show at 10:50 is, as can clearly be seen, R3 and is one of the one I mentioned which was designed to hunt German submarines. As you can see from her clean lines she was built for speed. And, of course, this would reduce any noise she made while submerged. It would make it more difficult for enemies to hear her will underwater.
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  549. Tellgryn I understand what you are saying but still much can be discovered. I have walked a Roman site which later became an Anglo-Saxon village and has been in continuous occupation since. Which means there has been 2000 years of people on the site. But still we were able to reveal much about the original Roman town from 2000 years ago. Short of taking bulldozers to the site of the battle much would still be in place. Yes some cartridges may have been picked up but bullets would more then likely been buried in the soil through force of impact. Short of time travel I think they gave a much better understanding of what went on that day and a somewhat clearer understanding of how the battle unfolded.
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  550. I have to say how much I thoroughly enjoyed this episode. Mrs Sherlock Homes obviously meant a great deal to you and I would very much like to thank you for bringing her story to us. As to what happened to her in later life I have seen this before. You can only carry such a weight on your shoulders for so long before it becomes to much. There comes a breaking point and she had reached it. Thank you again for sharing. ❤ History Guy. If your delightful wife can correctly pronounce English placenames then you are history. 😱
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  551.  @rutabagasteu  why would I be cheated. That is simple arithmetic.
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  552.  @WALTERBROADDUS  It's the will to live.
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  553.  @thisismagacountry1318  They had straight edged razors long before then.
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  554. In ancient Rome all men shaved. The two problems were that they were dryshaved, i.e. no water and shaving soap. And the blades were not at all sharp. So they were not so much shaved as scraped. One Roman claimed that after coming out of the barbers he looked more like a gladiator fresh from the arena. I believe one of the reason the emperor Hadrian was so popular was that he had been a general in the army and that it was the fashion for those in the legions to grow beards. Having said that you have to think that he was less popular with barbers.
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  555.  @mathewkelly9968  The Romans also sculpted statues out of marble and painted them. Hope that helps.
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  556. I do know of the Kingdom of Aksum and its importance in the region but it is good to hear of further details of the kingdom and those that lived there. I wonder if the term 'King of Kings' follows the ancient use, from the time of Ancient Egypt, whereby if you capture land from another kingdom you could claim to be a king of kings. I did read of one king in the ancient middle east capturing land from the neighbouring kingdom. He then sent a message to the defeated king saying am I now a king of kings. Obviously not someone to be goaded. You mentioned Rome and China. They were not only aware of each other but also had diplomatic relations with each other. Having said that China did invade the eastern part of the Roman Empire during the reign of Hadrian. A Chinese army was sent west to drive off a group who was causing trouble for the Chinese Empire on its western border. Having achieved that goal, and with no orders to return, the army carried on west. Eventually they defeated the Parthians and were told by some prisoners there was a greater prize to the west. So the army carried on west. But after several days, and with the prisoners giving further information, the Chinese realised they had accidentally invaded the Roman Empire and withdrew. Interestingly with an army of some 50,000 strong, and many of them elite troops, if the Chinese general had decided to continue into the Roman Empire Rome would have been in series trouble. At that time the Roman Army was scattered all over the empire. And even if all could be grouped together they may well have been out numbered. You have to wonder what the result would have been for the empire. Even if they had defeated the Chinese army, or at least driven them back, with too few troops to return it to Roman control, many having to stay on the border, it could mean the end of the Roman Empire. Alternatively it could mean the Middle East and parts if not the whole of Europe and North Africa coming under Chinese control. How about that for a complete change in word history.
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  557. Well at least she did not go naked like some of them did in the Victorian times. Many seances from the Victorian period included partially robed, or is that disrobed, young women, which I suppose was nothing to do with the popularity of the the mediums concerned. I think they should have gone for the fraud charges instead. It was obviously fake, cheesecloth being very commonly used for ectoplasm. Druidism made a big hit in the Victorian times and is still quite popular today. It was originally claimed to be an older, and therefore purer, version of Christianity. Popular with the middle class. Though unlike the original there were no sacrifices carried out. Human or otherwise.
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  558. Makes you wonder how differently things could have been. In many ways it could have resembled Medieval Europe with its small kingdoms and dukedoms. If this was the case then what is now America could have ended up a number of larger countries similar to Spain, France and Germany are now. The possiblities are many and varied. When Texas gained independence Britain was the first country to recognise it.
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  559.  @TheHistoryGuyChannel  I came across the story of these two people in a book called The Etymologicon, though I did see a documentary about the origins of the OED some time ago. As I said the story of either one of these two people is fascinating in itself, but the two combined adds greatly to the story.
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  560. I have seen the footage at 03:17 and again at 07:32 of the German fighter aircraft attacking the B-17. I have seen many times over the years. I watched again a couple of years ago and I noticed something I had forgotten about. Not only was there no return fire from the B-17 but none of the guns are even moving. Waist gunners, tail gunner, ball gunner and dorsal gunner, none are moving. I saw an interview with someone who flew in the Eighth Army Air Force and when he was asked about him completing his tour he corrected the questioner by pointing out that he had survived his tour. Watching that footage you can see why he said that. The RAF's accuracy increased greatly when they started using Mosquitoes in Pathfinder Squadrons to drop marker flares before the bombing attacks went in. Interestingly Doolittle's strategy was the same as Goring's in 1940 during the Battle of Britain. Difference was that Doolittle stuck with it, Goring did not. Interesting about the Goring quote on the P-51 as he said something similar about the Mosquito. Well, he obviously recognised excellent aircraft when he saw them.
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  561. The Citroen DS, for me, epitomises French style
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  562.  @jwilsonhandmadeknives2760  As we both know this was standard for all such submarines no matter whose navy. Plus it is not like the rescuers would have got onboard and had a good look around. They would want to get everyone off as quickly as possible. It was more a case of the old Soviet rules applying of denying anything is wrong and if there was we can deal with it. I can understand it can be a point of pride but as they say 'pride comes before a fall.'
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  563. To the best of my knowledge no RAF crews were lost and once the Canberra came into service it proved a much better aircraft.
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  564. Knowing a little bit about the problems of navigation during this period means that this does not a surprise to me. The smallest of errors can leave you miles away from where you think you target actually is. And I knew about the bombing of Switzerland by mistake. Long range navigation was still very rudimentary in those days. And it was compounded for the British because night bombing meant there was no points of reference. This is why the Royal Air Force Bomber Command introduced the Pathfinder Group. They were tasked with finding and marking the targets for the bombers. During the Battle of France in 1940 there was an air raid on a German town which was quickly blamed on the Allies, except that the locals all mention the markings on the aircraft were all German. A navigation error meant they had bombed one of their own towns by mistake.
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  565. Definitely history that needs to be remembered.
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  566. So we took Bedlam, a hospital for the insane, and turned it into a war museum. Says it all really.
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  567. I would check out this video by Drachinifel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AdcvDiA3lE If you are into naval history this is really excellent. In fact a number of those who subscribe to The History Guy also subscribe to him. Not only is he a naval historian he is also an engineer so he has an excellent knowledge things like ships armour and construction. So you get a more in depth explanation of various aspects of ship construction.
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  568.  @chrisebert7307  I make my own
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  569.  @ttystikkrocks1042  You have good taste
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  570. @Evan 1209 Taste as it sounds
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  571.  @jerrybobteasdale  And one day your taste buds will thank you for it. 😀
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  572. The term Privy is still used when referring to the toilet. When telling someone where you are going you say 'I'm just of to the privy.' Someone did some research in the 16th century into wiping the 'nether region' and came to the conclusion that the best way to wipe the 'nock hole', as he called it, was with a gooses neck. Not only did is clean the the 'nock hole' but was very soft. This could make for an interesting advertising campaign. 'Next time you wipe your nock hole use our toilet paper. Better then a gooses neck.' There is a saying that something is the best thing since sliced bread. Meaning that a machine for slicing bread was the best invention. But the sliced bread machine was not a great success and it took another invention to make it the success it became. Definitely history that deserves to be remembered.
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  573. I believe I am right in saying that the first and last casualties of WW1 fighting alongside the British were both Canadians.
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  574. The history of the Cornish pasty is both interesting and disputed. The old recipe actually came from Devon but the head of the Cornish tourist office claims there is a cave painting found in a cave in Cornwall showing the recipe. Which if true would make it the oldest recipe in the world. If true.
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  575.  @86thsamurai  No a bad thing.
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  576.  @davidolie8392  I would have thought so too. But it may be that the captain decided the aircraft had reached a point where abandoning it was the only option.
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  577. One of the positive sides of the plague was that because there was more food available so the population of England was taller then they had been before the plague. Also there were new opportunities available for people to better themselves. A case of the silver lining to the plague cloud.
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  578. Another excellent video. I must admit this is the first time I have heard of NOAA but I have found it fascinating.
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  579.  @banksarenotyourfriends  I think this is why Americans don't travel much.
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  580. On the death of Stalin Russia offered an olive branch to the West Eisenhower turned it down. John Foster Dulles stated that they had just gotten Europe frightened about Russia and they did not want them going back on that. Just imagine all the events since that time, all the Eastern European uprisings and all those who died because of Russian intervention. None of that would have happened. And also remember that the Korean and Vietnamese wars were backed by the Russians. How different would the world have been but for Eisenhower and Dulles intransigence with regards to Russia.
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  581. Same here. I have a copy of that film. Interestingly Akira Kurosawa had studied John Ford and his westerns while Ford came to be an admirer of Kurosawa's work. As with Ford Kurosawa had his group of actors he relied on. Some said Toshiro Mafuni was Kurosawa's John Wayne while Takashi Shimura was Kurosawa's Ward Bond. But I have to say I think Kurosawa had the better actors.
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  582. Admiral Halsey does have a problem with decision making. It was his foul-up that left Taffy 3 to face the Japanese at the Battle of Samar while he chased Japanese ghosts. Not covering himself in glory by any means.
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  583. If you are a fan of Gilbert and Sullivan then you would know that the Pirates are in Penzance.
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  584. You have a feeling that when all the U-Boat captains got together after the war Schlit was made to sit on his own. Too embarrassing.
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  585. Actually it was the French admiral at Mirs El Kader who botched the negotiations. He refused to speak to the British negotiator because he was only a captain an not an admiral. The captain could speak French whereas the admiral could not. Besides would the British want to send their admiral into a port belonging to a government who was favouring Germany. Then when the French admiral reported back to the Vichy government he only sent back part of the terms offered which left the Vichy government with the belief that Britain had told them to either surrender or have their ships sunk. In actuality one of the terms was that the ships could sail to the US, at that time neutral, something the Vichy government had already decided was acceptable. Interesting FDR later told the French ambassador to Washington he would have also sunk the French ships at Mirs El Kader.
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  586. Sorry for the loss of your father. I think one of the saddest things when someone dies is that all they have thought, all they have known and all they have seen is lost with them. And as all of use who love history know, what we learn is a tiny fraction of what was there.
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  587. Actually hens do have teeth, or at least one tooth. When a chick is hatching it has one tooth at the front of the top beak which uses to help break the shell. After it is born the tooth is soon lost so its rarity may be to do with the fact that its existence is only brief. This does mean that rocking horse droppings are rarer. As a food source one of the big advantages of chicken is that it readily absorbs flavours from herbs and spices. You can see this by the number of countries which eat spicy chicken. Why did the chicken cross the road? For some fowl reason. 😊👍
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  588.  @terryboyer1342  Well there you go. Something new.
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  589. I came across him in a book I read by someone who writes short biographies but unfortunately I cannot remember then name of the book. My local library has a copy so next time I am over there I will see what |I can find.
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  590.  @karimdelakarim  We were City of Culture last year which was a huge success . When we applied five years ago hardy anyone applied and of those that did only Hull took it seriously. But because it had such a massive impact on the city with millions of people visiting nearly twice as many have applied for the new City of Culture title and all are taking it much more seriously this time. So if you want to come you are very welcome.
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  591. Reading some of the comments I was reminded of a sign in a shop window on an English town near an American air base. it read English Spoken, American understood. Having said that I freely admit that the opposite is probably true and that there are America words I would struggle with.
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  592. Alex Crawford When you said Newcastle invented fast food I thought you meant a takeaway. Did you remember to take the saddles off this time.
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  593.  @TheHistoryGuyChannel  This is true. I was just pointing out the American origins of its use in order to clarify the situation. As Algeria was under French control that is where they copied the style from.
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  594. One thing we forget today with modern travel is that for many people leaving for foreign lands they may never see their families again. Even if they lived a long life chances are they would never return.
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  595. The Scylacis Periplus may well have been originally written by Scylacis with later additions included to bring it up to date. Julius Caesar was not a big fan of pirates, as we all know. Makes you wonder how he would have dealt with Antony's fleet.
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  596. Me too.
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  597.  @TheHistoryGuyChannel  Obviously a cut throat industry.
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  598. I have seen several videos about Taffy 3 and though the crews were Americans I have a feeling Nelson would have seen his doctrine and seen in Taffy 3 the finest naval warfare traditions of closing with the enemy. Heroes every one of them. As for Halsey. Here is a man looking for his own glory no matter what the expense to his own people. Not the first time his poor decision making had cost American lives.
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  599. I think you will find this interesting. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beating_the_bounds
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  600. The Roman god Terminus is now the god of railway and bus stations. Well the ones at the end of the journey. And I see the good people Massachusetts and New Hampshire and of New Hampshire and Vermont enjoy this told custom as well.
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  601. I forgot to mention about the British submarines based as Malta. So avoid being attacked during a raid they would submerge in the harbour during the hours of daylight and surface after dark. The were usually alongside the harbour wall when this happened. That way they could take on supplies et cetera before going back out on patrol and the Axis airforces did not even know they were there.
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  602.  @rogerwhittle2078  Me too
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  603. Once again we see how great discoveries do not come from one person but from many. I hope you do a follow up to this to include Edward Jenner, as he is often called a pioneer of immunisation. Using a method valid in immunology before the discovery of germ theory, his work saved many lives. The terms vaccine and vaccination are derived, as you mentioned, from Variolae vaccinae (smallpox of the cow), the term devised by Jenner to denote cowpox. It had long been noted that milk maids did not catch smallpox have already had cowpox. So Jenner used cowpox to immunise people against the related smallpox. In Jenner's time, smallpox killed around 10% of the British population, with the number as high as 20% in towns and cities where infection spread more easily. So it is easy to see how important his discovery was.
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  604. I forgot to mention. In J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy world Middle-earth Ents are mentioned. Ent is the Old English word for a giant.
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  605. Not so much the one that got away. More the one who did not want to go home. I did come across a story of an America POW, an airman, in Germany who escaped during the war but never made it back to Britain. At this time there were many Allied air raids on German cities and it was assumed he had died in one of them. But some years after the war was over he was found still in Germany still alive. Because he was not an officer he had been part of a work detail at a local farm. The farmer had been on the Eastern Front, though I think he had been killed out there. Anyway this airman and the widow started a relationship and when he escaped she hid him at her farm. After the war they lived together for sometime until it came to light who he really was. What happened to him I do not know, but I hope they managed to stay together.
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  606. We all think of the battleship and what an important part it has played in naval history. But when you realise that HMS Dreadnought, the first true battleship, went into service in 1906 and the last battleship, HMS Vanguard, entered service in 1946, you realise what an impact they made to 20th century naval warfare in just their few short years. Interestingly the seeds of the battleships demise were sown in 1914 with HMS Ark Royal. The first ship in history designed and built as a seaplane carrier. In 1918, HMS Argus became the world's first carrier capable of launching and recovering naval aircraft.
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  607.  @thomasflanders4153  My thought exactly. If you can think of it with Graham Chapman's voice you've got it.
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  608. The Soviet Union, Russia, knowing about the Valkyrie decided they needed an aircraft to intercept it and came up with the MiG 25. It started coming into service in 1965 while the XB 70 never went into service. So it was designed for a role which was no longer there. Like the XB 70. US Airforce intelligence found out about the MiG 25 but could find little information. They thought it was fast, they think one approached Israeli airspace doing Mach 3.2. and assumed it was manoeuvrable. When they finally got there hands on one, a Soviet pilot defected with one and landed in Japan, it did not live up to its billing. Turns out it was restricted to Mach 2.8 as any faster and it destroyed its own engines, which must been what made the one which approached Israel turn back and it had all the manoeuvrability of a brick. Because of the requirements for speed and the high temperatures it would reach the Soviets had to make most of it out of steel which made it very heavy and drank fuel like a drunk locked in a distillery.
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  609. PinkOld So true.
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  610. So Hamilton was Hoist by your own petard.
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  611. You have to wonder about the thought processes of people who decide to intercept a Soviet bomber carrying nuclear weapons using a nuclear weapon. As we know the Germans used hypergolic fuel on the Me-163 which cause a number of accidents. After the war the British discovered this could be avoided by the use of a silver coated mesh to pass the fuel through.
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  612. He spent the money from the reward on the Aston Martin you see in Gold Finger.
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  613. I would love to see a video on the sinking of WWII German Submarine U-1206.
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  614. Matt from Florida We do it to confuse the tourists. Once you lot have gone home we go back to using all of the letters. The Russians do something similar. They all speak perfect English when you are not there, but once you Americans arrive they start speaking English backwards. The fact that they write the letter R backwards is a clue. :-) Interestingly the Moscow Toys R Us was the only shop where no one went in to point out the letter R was backwards (that did actually happen in many of their stores). Historically there was popular trend in the thirteenth century to miss out certain letters when pronouncing words. Many others, such as Warwick came about because we tend to shorten words. Wick, by the way, comes from the Old English word Wic, which meant a trading place. Like a market. Where I live the old name for the settlement was Wyke which is a variation of Wic.
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  615. That I did not know. Thanks
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  616. It's often missed but this was the first defeat for Germany. Their aim was to destroy the RAF, something they failed to do. Hitting London in daylight was a huge mistake. The Me-109 was at its limit for range and if the bombers took too long the fighters had the choice of leaving the bombers unescorted or run out of fuel. Plus Goring told the fighter escort to fly closer to the bombers and the only way to do that and keep their speed up was to weave across the sky. And this used up even more fuel. So once the fighters left the RAF could attack the bombers without being concerned about German fighters. And the German fighters, being low on fuel tried to avoid contact with the RAF before they got over the Channel.
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  617. Certainly puts the wild in wild west.
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  618. Choppington Otter He is an unsung hero for us all, unlike others. It was estimated that one third of the American population alone would have died if WW3 had broken out, yet some US generals thought that they would win and the casualties were a price worth paying. Now people like that should be fired. And yes I do know people in other countries would have thought the same, the USSR for one. I am not singling out America in particular, I am just using it as an example because that is one I know. Of course considering how much of the planet would have been devastated by the war, not to mention all of the radiation, and the possibility of the nuclear winter for at least ten years, any victory would be a very much a Pyrrhic victory. You start to feel those who wold have died in WW3 would have been the lucky one.
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  619. I have read various accounts of this incident some with fighting some without. So it was interesting to hear that there was no actual battle. I did know that many Dutch were reluctant for their fleet to sail for England, what with our past history. Yet Dutch born King William III of England was a Prince of the House of Orange who with his wife Queen Mary II, Princess of Orange, had both sat on the throne of England. And you would have thought this would have improved matters somewhat.
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  620. Yep. I'm the same with confined spaces. Also the idea of a ship that is supposed to sink. Just doesn't sit right.
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  621. There was a court case some years ago of a man who could not feed his hungry family so stole some food. He was arrested and taken to court after being charged with the theft. He was found not guilty because the law said that in these circumstances the food was to for his hungry family and the law allowed for such actions. Not sure if that law still exists but I know it was an old law.
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  622. In England lawns were originally part of a deer park and is where deer hunting took place. It was maintained and kept open because that is where the deer feed and it was easier to hunt deer in these open glades. Part of a local village is called The Lawns and is the only remaining indication that a deer pack existed there. As part of forest management trees would be cut down and this would allow new growths from the stumps, which would then in turn would be cut down when the were about an inch and a half to two inches thick. This would be turned into charcoal which would be used by people such as the local blacksmith. The act of cutting down the tree so the shoots can grow is called coppicing. The problem was that deer would eat the new shoots before they could grow. So they would cut the tree much higher up and above where the deer could reach. This was called pollarding. So the word became the name of the person who specialised in pollarding. So if you meet anyone called Pollard that persons ancestor worked in the deer park pollarding. Interestingly American Woodland Indians also kept these open glades so that they could hunt deer.
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  623. Thanks for that. Very interesting and informative. And I had no idea the origins went back so far. As to the origins of the term Black Friday I have read about them, it was introduced to the UK several years ago and I decided to research it. One I came across was that coined by a police officer while talking to a colleague. Noting the amount of smog in the air because of all the cars he called it Black Friday. Not sure which is the actual origin of the term but that one sort of sums up the modern life. Not sure about any other country but using a credit card in the UK used to be referred to as 'paying by plastic,' rather then paper money. Ironic as if you use notes today you are also paying by plastic and we no longer use paper.
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  624. Actually Americans do seem to have more pronounced accents now. I watched a video from one of the west coast states and there they speak more quickly and because the words tend to be flattened it is harder to understand what the people are saying.
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  625. Nate Enochs I have watch a number of Indy Neidell's videos and I have to say I have found a number of factual inaccuracies in them. I felt he had read a couple of books and was then giving his opinion on what he read.
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  626. I do know about Sir John Monash and his achievements during the Great War. The army he led in the 100 Days Campaign in 1918 was the British 4th Army. It was made up of four corps, one each of British, Canadians ANZAC'S and American troops.
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  627. Just noticed this which I think fits into the sort of videos you do. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-44800309
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  628. I know of George Washington Carver, so I was pleased to see him included in your trip. I must admit that it was sad to see those empty chair I do feel it was very apt because it show those lost are still remembered. Looking forward to the next stage of your journey.
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  629. During a news conference before the invasion of Grenada the US spokesman was earnestly telling the reporters about a spy satellite which the US had used to photograph the airfield being built in Grenada, and how they thought it was being built to help the Soviets. There was some anger and dismay when a British journalist pointed out that they had in fact visited the airfield with a film crew without any problems. They had just walked up to it and started filming. No problem. It made them look rather silly. And if they did think the Grenadian government really was working with the Soviets why did the US government agree to radar and other equipment being used there. Without their agreement the equipment could not have been used. I did see a documentary about Able Archer and its effects on the Soviet government. They had a list of steps they believed were being taken by Able Archer and that once it reached a certain point on that list the West would attack. The problem was the West got to that point and did not attack, and it was realised that the Soviet leadership had made a mistake.
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  630. Murphy's law is "If it can go wrong it will go wrong." Sods law is Murphy's law with added "shit." Considering how many of these things go astray in one way or another you have to wonder how much luck we went through that none of these things went boom. As we are all affirmed lovers of a good pirate story may I suggest a season of pirate stories. Pirate Month or something similar. September would be a good month. Not that it has anything to do with being my birthday that month or anything. 👍😊
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  631.    Not questioning their bravery for one minute.
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  632. Can I suggest a subject for one of your videos. On March 16, 1914 Henriette Caillaux shot and fatally wounded Gaston Calmette, editor of the newspaper Le Figaro. He was a political rival of her husband Joseph Caillaux and Calmette threatened to expose the fact that Henriette and Joseph were having an affair while still married to their previous spouses. They both had claimed otherwise. I think you will find it interesting for several reasons. The trial was such a sensational event that it obscured what was happening elsewhere in the world. The verdict was reached just four days before WW1, something most of the French had missed. Then the war itself obscured the trial to history. It was also interesting because despite claims to the contrary it exposed the fact that French society still viewed women as emotionally weaker, something Henriette Caillaux exploited to her own advantage.
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  633. Well you cannot be anything but impressed by someone like that. Not content to sit and wait he went out and found his foe. Then plotted how to defeat him. Then defeated him. I do have a feeling that modern US Navy officers learn a great deal about him during their training.
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  634. I knew about Britains involvement in the Greek Civil War but not so much about what went on behind the scenes. So thanks for that. I did come across references that America, possibly through the CIA, backed anti communist groups in Italy for many years after the war. Many communists were based in the north of Italy so you wonder how much support came via Yugoslavia.
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  635. I did know about this raid. A truly fantastic feat of arms. I believe one of the paratroopers who took part in the Los Banos raid also took part in the less successful raid to rescue American POWs from Son Tay, North Viet Nam on 21st November 1970.
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  636. Randy Rinker So true.
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  637. The Romans met both the Celts and the Ancient Britains but they never called the Britains Celts. Just as we never call American English even though the speak our language. As the Book of Kells is believed to date from 800 CE it is clearly not Medieval but Anglo Saxon. I know the Medievalists try to make out it was Early Medieval But as my tutor, Kevin Leahy, mentioned when I did my archaeology degree there are differences. And I would sooner trust the word of a man who specialised in the Anglo Saxon archaeology. As the Scots had not long come from Ireland their art form at the time would have been Irish. Thus Hiberno Saxon. Irish and English. If the Romans did not call them Celts then maybe we should not as well.
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  638. We know the Romans called them Britons as there is a reference to them as the filthy Britains made by the Romans. They may have had a common language with other similar groups but the does not make them Celts, just as having the same language does not make Americans English. In England the Anglo Saxon period dates from the Romans leaving 410 CE until 1066 CE. So Anglo Saxon period. And if we want to talk about them as an ethnic group then they are the English, or Englisc if you want the correct spelling, as that is what they called themselves. The Renaissance starts in 1300 CE but European Medieval period ends in 1492 CE. Where as in England the Medieval period ends when Henry VII becomes king in 1485. Take your pick. Where I live the local Britons were referred to as the Parisi and are known for their chariot burials, one of which is on display in the local museum. As for what you call yourself. Well it can be confusing. The people of Wales call themselves Welsh. Recently a Welsh rugby player said he was proud to be British, and was immediately chastised by a Welsh politician who said he should in actual fact be proud to be Welsh not British. We'll skip the bit about them being related to the Ancient Britons. But you would think before you called yourself anything you should at least know what it is you are calling yourself. You see many people of Wales think that being from Wales makes you Welsh. Now to me they are Welsh, but not to their fellow countrymen and woman. But then to me the people of Scotland are welsh. As are the people of France, Germany, Italy and America. In fact anyone who is not English is welsh. You see the word welsh is in fact English, and means foreigner. So the people of Wales proudly declare themselves to be foreigners.
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  639. Some countries, especially some small islands, got quite a bit of their revenue from stamps. They did some beautiful stamps, often rectangular in shape
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  640. Doesn't that depend on how hungry you are.
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  641.  @simongleaden2864  true. What I should have said it could also be given to military personnel for none military situations. I may be wrong but I seem to remember bomb disposal personnel could also receive it.
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  642.  @JohnP538  as you chaps aren't doing anything would you mind popping up and shooting a few Gerry down for us.
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  643. I have read of an incident in which French aircraft shot itself down just as the F-11 did. And an American pilot who was shot down by his own missile doing the same as the F-11. And there is film footage of a B-25 in WW2 dropping a bouncing bomb but the aircraft was much to low and the bomb came back up destroying the tail which crashed killing the crew. I did read of a British RAF aircraft skip bombing a German ship which had almost the same result. Skip bombing is flying in low and dropping the bomb so it skipped into the side of a ship, much like skipping a stone across a pond. The problem is that it was not unusual for the bomb to bounce higher then the aircraft was flying sometime hitting the aircraft. In this case the tail gunner had a birdseye view of the bomb as it just missed hitting his position as it went passed. And again as it came back down. He immediately warned the pilot who changes course in case it was third time unlucky. It may have been the excitement of the moment but the tailgunner said that it passed him by inches.
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  644.  @williamdixon8283  He was part of a mission to use old bombers filled with explosives to attack targets in Northern Europe. He was one of a two man crew and flew the aircraft. They had just set up the aircraft for the attack and were about to bailout when it exploded in midair killing both of them. The project was not a success and was overtaken by events.
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  645.  @chuckaddison5134  The original skip bombing used standard bombs which were released in a similar way to torpedo. They were then skipped into the side of the ship where they would explode after penetrating the side of the hull. It was usually used against transport ships as the hull was easier to penetrate. Rockets proved a much better weapon and an eight rocket salvo of them was the equivalent of a broadside from a cruiser. As well as the Dam Buster bombs Barnes Wallis developed a smaller version for use with the Mosquito aircraft. Wallis not only designed the bomb but also the aiming mechanism to use it. As well as ships at sea it could have been used against ships in harbour being protected by torpedo netting, such as the Tirpitz. One of the advantages of such a bomb was it exploded below water so, as with the Dam Buster bombs, it could use the pressure of the water to magnify the explosive effect. Possibly breaking the keel. Wallis moved to America after the war and was involved with the 'Swing Wing' of the F-111.
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  646. exileinderby51 They tried their best to forget it for obvious reasons.
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  647. Unfortunately there are too many of these people about.
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  648.  @Wallyworld30  You've been playing that goat simulator haven't you 🦌 😊
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  649. I have heard of the various origins of Sir Loin but it is fun to hear them again. As for the French connection, the word beef comes from the Old French Boef. But that seems to be as close as French gets.
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  650. Back in the 60s there was a health campaign in Britain to encourage people to use a handkerchief when they sneezed. Part of the message was not new, witnessed by the leaflet you showed. The messages was 'Coughs and Sneezes Spread Diseases. Trap Your Cold in a Handkerchief.' I found it interesting that the original message was included in the new one. Obviously if America had not joined the war the flu would not have spread world wide as it did. But prior to that there was a peace group pushing for an end to the war who influence had been spreading and eventually included President Wilson. It came very close to succeeding and if had done so America would not have entered the war. And the flu would have been isolated to a small area of America. Unfortunately events over took these efforts and America did enter the war. the rest, as we know, is history.
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  651.  @vertigo2893  you would think so but it does not take long for nature to take things back. And it's not like it was some big airport with lots of large buildings. And it had been awhile since it had been used so it would have been overgrown by this point it it had not been cleared.
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  652. @puckay Yes I remember them. It was interesting because you realised that any invention was more often then not made up of existing parts and not something totally new. Connections showed how one invention led to another. Both the book and DVDs are available on Amazon
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  653. Thanks for that Tom
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  654. African bush elephants can and are domesticated even today. So Hannibal's would have more likely to have been African bush elephants. The depiction of the elephant on the coin should be taken as that of a man riding and elephant rather then as accurate representation of what the real one would have looked like. There is no reason to believe that the Battle of Zama did not happen. And the description of the battle, and the tactics used by the Roman General Scipio Africanus in that battle, fits in with those he used in other battles. If it was made up then the person that did that would have had to have known how Scipio would have fought the battle, otherwise it would be obvious that it was made up. One of the things worth noting about this battle is that Scipio uses a double envelopment, a classic Carthaginian tactic. Talk about beaten at your own game.
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  655. I must admit I have never understood why elephants were used in warfare, Indian or otherwise. They seem to be as much a threat to your own side as they are to the enemy. And once you are familiar with how to defeat them any advantage is lost. I am reminded here of the German soldiers reaction to the first tank attack in WW1. At first many of them ran away in fear but once they had methods to deal with them they usually stood their ground and fought them. At least there was no danger of the tanks turning around and running amok in your own lines. So if they could not find these illusive North African elephant remains I assume they found those of their Indian cousins? Two quick thoughts. Firstly, what difference would it make if these were second or third generation domesticated African elephants. And secondly, I seem to remember something about a now extinct African jungle elephants which were smaller. Could these have been the ones Hannabel used? As to Zama I can think of a couple of possibilities here. The elephants may have been there, after all they are closer to the source, but Polybius, or someone else, increased their number but make Scipio's victory even more impressive. Or, over time there was additions to the story, and adding in the famed, or infamous, elephants would be obvious. And bearing in mind the story of Hannibal bringing them over the Alps showing how they could be defeated would stop the citizens of Roman having sleepless nights for fear of being trampled by elephants while they slept. While writing this I was reminded of how things are repeated. I remembered reading of an army were they disguised camels as elephants to make the enemy think they had more elephants then they really had. They fitted the camel with a wooden frame with material on top to make it look like an elephant. During WW2 the British Eighth Army, in preparation for the First Battle of El Alamein, disguised tanks to look like trucks and trucks to look like tanks. The even used trucks to cover the tank tracks and tanks to cover the truck track. Nothing if not thorough. This fooled the German Afrika Corp into thinking that they would be facing infantry when they were, in fact, facing tanks. The thing which puzzles me about the camels disguised as elephants is why didn't anyone wonder why these "elephants" had such thin legs. :) Like you I have a life long love of history and my degree is in archaeology.
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  656. Watched the Douglass Fairbanks video and I must admit I always find such things very interesting. I wonder how much of this was connected with Operation Mincemeat. It would be interesting to see how much it all fitted together. The British 4th Army help the allies win both World Wars. In 1918 it led the allies in the 100 Day campaign which resulted in the end of the war. In WW 2 it was supposed to Invade Norway, a threat which tied up some quarter of a million Germans during D-Day. Prior to that it was to be employed in the invasion of France. If I mention that it was to take part in the landings a Calais you will no doubt realise that it was part of the deception which convinced Hitler that Calais was the allies intended invasion point. The British 4th Army did not actually exist.
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  657. Glen Lego I think it was Eastern Turkey. At least that is where he died. I remember watching a TV programme some years ago about two skeletons found in a cave in America which had Roman lamps with them. It's thought that they had been on a ship which may have been caught in a storm, probably around the Bay of Biscay, and driven out into the Atlantic and as the prevailing currents turn on a clockwise direction they ended up in America.
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  658. May be we should spend more time looking at what makes us the same, that way there could be less conflict in the world.
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  659. There is a nursery rhyme the first two lines of which are 'Ride a cock horse, To Banbury Cross. Obviously horse and cross do not rhyme. But, until more recent times, in the north of England horse could have been pronounced like cross by some people. Which could suggest the horse was pronounced like cross elsewhere. The term used for villages abandoned at this time is Deserted Medieval Village, or DMV. Not all DMVs became deserted at this time. Many struggled on but suffered from a declining population before finally becoming abandoned. Wharram Percy, North Yorkshire, did not finally become abandoned until just after 1500. In some cases two villages may have had populations too small to be viable on their own. So the people from one village would move to the other village. There is also the Shrunken Medieval Village. Villages which shrank but were still big enough to be viable. A local village, Wayne, East Yorkshire (pronounced worn) is one such village. There are over 3,000 known DMVs sites, most of which are in the north of England.
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  660. Not wishing to distract you from The History Guy's excellent video here you may want to watch this YouTube video. It is run by Drachinifel who is a naval historian. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AdcvDiA3lE&t=2s I am sure even The History Guy will enjoy it.
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  661. That's because the poor cannot afford the lawyers to sue people.
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  662. Much of this was known to me, I did 20th century at school and the Soviet Union did play an important part in the history of that century. It was, though, good to be reminded of the details of her escape. Interesting that the number of Soviet deaths by Stalin's hand are estimated to be as high as 20 million while those by Hitler's hand are also estimated to be as high as 20 million. A rather deadly game of oneupmanship.
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  663. TPHVICTIMS Now you mention it I had wondered why the name sounded familiar.
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  664.  @TheHistoryGuyChannel  So the missed the point that they were now in the big league as far as escaping was concern. Not what you would can deep thinkers.
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  665.  @Vanilla0729  Actually here in the UK online is a much bigger thing. Some of the supermarkets were a bit slow and suffered for it. Online has hit the big department stores here as well. We've lost one of the big ones a year or two back and others are closing stores to reduce cost. At the same time online sales are growing. I'm just in the process of starting a business which will help sall businesses get online so they can take advantage of online business.
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  666.  Nobody Knows  As I mentioned to Dan the UK has taken to online more than most countries. Problem here is more the opposite in that many of the big department stores are finding online sales are effecting their stores.
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  667. Forgot to mention. Not only did the stop the Chrome Dome but SAC has gone as well.
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  668. I happened to Google SAC several months ago, I think it was when you posted the video on the Titan missile explosion, as I was curious about what it was doing these days. I must of missed the fact that it was decommissioned way back in 1992. Something else I got sorted was that the film Strategic Air Command was the James Stewart film from 1955. I confused it with the 1963 film A Gathering of Eagles with Rock Hudson and Rod Taylor.
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  669. WALTERBROADDUS Thats' true of so many things today. How many modern cars are purely mechanical?
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  670. I think that would be an excellent story. As I said, the pilots wanted everyone to survive, and understandably so. But when you see the film footage of the crash the fact that so many did survive, the majority, is a testament to the skill of him and the other flight crew.
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  671. As soon as you said herb I knew you were talking about the banana. I did read somewhere that the plant "walks" in that as its roots spread it slowly moves itself along.
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  672.  @jamestheotherone742  True
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  673. Ty T Makes you wonder if there were other options depending on the severity of the situation. Maybe they start of with Hunted for awhile then they all went off for a beer and works its way up from there.
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  674. On the 22 December 2005 the bones of the late journalist Alistair Cooke were surgically removed from his body before he was cremated by employees of Biomedical Tissue Services of Fort Lee, New Jersey, a tissue-recovery firm. Michael Mastromarino, a former New Jersey-based oral surgeon and Lee Cruceta agreed to a deal that resulted in their imprisonment. So grave robbing is still being carried out. The bones were for use as medical-grade bone grafts but as Cooke had died of bone cancer they would not have been of any use. Mastromarino himself would die of liver cancer in 2013.
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  675. You know when The History Guy mentions the Caribbean he is going to mention pirates. And sure enough, one minute in and there's pirates. It's a pity the CIA didn't try the free beer thing with Castro. It's got to be better then trying to make his beard fall out.
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  676. I have seen photographs of Tiger Tanks hit by battleship shells in Normandy. Some 60 tons of tank upside down as if dropped by a child and left there. Make you think what it must have been like for those inside them. I think the Nevada's nickname should be the mule. It's the only other thing I can think of which is just that stubborn.
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  677.  @grahvis  Ironic. The Germans go for bigger tanks and the US says I see your tank and raise you a battleship.
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  678. Just because you are not on a fighting ship does not mean you are any less danger. In wartime everything has to be yesterday, which means you cut corners to get the job done. This works fine until it doesn't and then all hell breaks loose. Sometimes literally.
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  679.  @CallieMasters5000  That thought had crossed my mind
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  680. @copforthat I forgot to mention. I did try to find out more about my grandfather and his wartime service. His records, along with millions of others, were kept in a warehouse in London. The warehouse was destroyed in an air raid during the Blitz.
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  681.  @copferthat  At least he was too tall for the Bantam Battalion. When war broke out they had so many people wanting to join they actually raised the minimum height just to reduce the number of people they had to deal with. Later they had to drop it so far that it was below the original minimum height. One recruitment office in London usually saw, pre-war, one man per week. The day after war was declared the sergeant who was in charge of the office found so many people wanted to enlist that he had to get a police escort to get to his front door and it took him 20 minutes to reach it.
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  682. STD's were transmitted between female patience by doctors in the same way. The doctor would examine a women who had just given birth after examining one who had an STD, thus passing it on. But the doctors assumed that it was because the women were promiscuous rather then the infection coming from their hands. As they knew how STD's were spread in the first place it makes you wonder why no doctor realised what was happening.
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  683. A man known for collecting hats. He goes to the most famous hat shop known for producing the Bowler hat. You know he's going to buy a Bowler hat. He bought a Bowler hat. I did think you would have given the origin of the Mad Hatter and what drove them mad. An interesting and, to a few, a somewhat delicate subject.
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  684. It is amazing just how much history of Egypt at that time is still not known.
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  685. Redtailfox1 I saw that one as well. They had a problem with the oxygen masks on the F4 but had to fly to another base to get it fixed, otherwise they would not have flown at that altitude.
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  686. Sounds like the one
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  687. A question only he could answer but is what he has achieved after leaving the marines better then what he would have done in the marines.
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  688. I was going to say that I had a feeling it had been sometime since that had been said. But I seem to remember that this was not the first time this has happened. I think there was at least one other which a vaguely remember as being a British escort during the Battle of the Atlantic. Whether those words were said I cannot recall but it was something similar. And remembering it is a Royal Navy ship it does seem likely.
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  689. How about that for a coincidence. Yesterday I was commenting on the fact that Trump has so many acting heads of department, and ex-acting heads of departments, that Washington now has more actors, and unemployed actors, then Hollywood. I knew about Gotham and it's people acting crazy. It came up in a newspaper article because both the Bush family and the Clinton family originally hail from there. Hartlepool in north east England is nicknamed the Monkey Hangers. This came about because during the Napoleonic War a French ship was shipwrecked off the coast and a live monkey was washed ashore. Thinking it was a Frenchman they hung it. And like others they too have embarrassed the name.
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  690. Thanks for that. Very interesting. I knew about China 8nventing printing and assume the also invented moveable print but that innovation was invented by the Korean.
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  691. DimensionDude I have yet to find a recipe which includes mercury. As I said "when cooking or baking" I think we can safely exclude mercury.
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  692. Clue was in cooking and baking DimensionDude. You obviously went into full pedant overdrive which gave you tunnel vision thus missing the important bit. :-) Never tried mercury casserole but I did make a pizza a couple of days ago and measured 270 grams of water and not 270 millilitres. Whatever Pyrex's qualities I would sooner weigh the water then measure it.
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  693.  @TheHistoryGuyChannel  This is true but by taking Malta it would have meant the only way to supply the Allied troops in Egypt was by sending the supplies around the Cape. At the same time Axis supplies would have been safer. This would have forced the evacuation of troops in Egypt and its surrender to the Axis forces. And considering how many military personnel, how much equipment Tanks, aircraft and ships the Axis lost in North Africa and the Med the price would have been worth paying. I believe that the number of Axis soldiers who surrendered in North Africa at the end of that campaign was around 250,000, which is more then those at Stalingrad.
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  694.  @elcastorgrande  After Crete Hitler would have all but ruled out paratroopers making an airborne landing. I have wondered if it is a mental attitude problem. German and Italy are land based forces used to fighting in continental Europe. Whereas Britain and America were for the most part are sea based forces. If they had to go anywhere to fight it usually involved a landing of some sort. So they would have had a better understanding of what was involved and therefor more willing to consider it. We only have to look at Operation Sealion to realise Germany had little understanding of how to conduct such operations.
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  695. A couple of years ago a large department store chain went out of business. One of their stores was bought and is due to be demolished with the exception of a giant frieze at the front of the store which was going to be part of the new building which was to replace it, The problem is that not only does the building contain asbestos, which means it has been sealed off, but so does the frieze. So the local landmark will now be removed as well as the building.
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  696. If you mean she looked like she was possessed then I would have to agree.
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  697.  @jakedee4117  A supply teacher, probably.
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  698. Well that is definitely a new one on me. I have never heard of the taxi cab wars. I will say I found that all very interesting. Thanks.
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  699. I wonder if her mother had subconsciously seen something of suspected something and this was her on mind telling her what she had seen.
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  700.  @pickeljarsforhillary102  They use it as propergada, obviously.
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  701.  @stardust6097  If this is true then it is in very poor taste. I have a great sense of humour but that is no joke.
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  702.  @blackdeath4eternity  Actually in some areas it is cinders because coal is useful.
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  703.  @dontroutman8232  That would be interesting.
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  704. Never trust autocorrect.
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  705.  @july8xx  certainly an extensive subject. Interesting that like many 19th century American lawmen there was those who worked both sides
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  706. Deja vu, or deja video. That feeling you watched this video before.
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  707. My partner is a huge fan of peanut butters, as is her granddaughter. And as for Reeses peanut butter cups I think she'd live on them given half a chance. I make my own bread and I have made peanut butter bread which went down a treat. That is bread with added peanut butter. I could suggest making it and just make a jelly sandwich with the bread and no peanut butter, but I bet that wont happen. 😊 They only disagreement I have about peanut but I have with my partner it the I like to smooth and she likes the crunchy version. And before you say anything yes we do get both. The one thing we do agree on is that we prefer it in peanut oil rather then other oils. To go with this story I have a suggestion to make. Their is a saying, which I believe is also used in the US, and it is the something is 'the best thing since sliced bread.' Meaning the pre-sliced loaf. But this invention was a failure until someone invented something to go with it. May be worth a look.
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  708. You may have already seen this but if not I think you will find it interesting. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/aug/24/aaron-burr-vice-president-who-killed-hamilton-had-children-of-color It would be interesting to know just how many other such children there were.
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  709. The witness did not say she saw them leave together. She just said she thought it was him.
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  710. I just looked at the Ripper murders and the only thing I can see in common with the Austin attacks is that they were on woman. Interestingly though it is assumed that there was five victims of the Ripper attack only three are now linked to the same killer while the other two look like copy cat attacks.
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  711. Yes I did see them, thanks. It is surprising how long that persisted. And I could never understand the point of it. As a thought, did this make it a biathlon? A running race and a car race.
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  712. Nature showing what it can do. Your story reminded me of a documentary I watched some years ago. It was set just before Christmas, I believe the year was 1908, and it was unseasonably mild. It was the last day of school for the children of the West Country village and because it was so mild the children had an extended playtime. The headmaster of the school saw some rather ominous clouds in the distance and decided to send the children home before the bad weather hit them. Well winter was late but decided to make up for it and it snow heavily. The following morning a farmworkers was woken by his children and as it was still dark he sent them back to bed. After a short while he woke up again and realised something was wrong. When he opened his front door all he could see was a solid wall of snow. When he finally dug his way out the snow was banked up all the way to the roof top. For those note from the UK this is not normal. As you would expect this caused widespread disruption to people's lives, especially to the rural areas, as in your story. In June the following year a number of farm labourers came back to the this village from up on Bodmin Moor, which is some distance away, and one of them was carrying the remains of a large piece of ice left over from them winter blizzard.
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  713.  @tz8785  thanks for that.👍
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  714. i seem to remember that one of the problems with Dien Bien Phu was that many of the aircraft earmarked to support the French troops there were taken way for another mission. So it never got the support of ground attack aircraft it needed to make it successful. I seem to remember reading that just after WW2 when Vietnam was briefly held by the British they had a clash with the Viet Min. The British had to rearm Japanese troops and use them to help fight the Viet Min. I think this was against the Geneva Convention, but German soldiers were being used to clear landmines in Europe I do not think the Allies were to worried about that.
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  715. The old ones are always the best 😊👍
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  716.  @RocketGurney  A Pirate on your shoulder, a wooden leg and a ship at sea. I think balance could be a problem here. It would make a great Olympic sport though.
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  717. @Frank Roberts my late uncle would have agreed with you.
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  718. Pezfeo There is a small plot of land at Runnymede dedicated to John F Kennedy which is actually American soil. It was given to America in perpetuity to commemorate the late president.
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  719. I must admit I thought it was named after some mountain man who spent his life living out in the wilderness hunting and trapping. Or grizzled old prospector looking for the motherload. Not a New York lawyer who spends most of his time either in his plush office or in a courtroom.
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  720. Have you heard of Jan Gotlib Bloch. He predicted trench warfare 1898 and said it would be so horrific it would make warfare totally impossible and would lead to stalemate on the battlefield. Much of what he predicted with regards to trench warfare did come true but in all of this he seems to have forgotten one thing, human ingenuity. That ingenuity brought us things like the tank and the aircraft which, once the tactical uses were perfected, helped to break trench warfare.
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  721. I actually did know that but as you mentioned about them not having a fixed sites in the US, and Canada, I thought I'd mention about those in the UK often performed in a purpose built building which included the word hippodrome in its name. We still have travelling circuses in the UK, now extinct in the US I understand. But I am surprised they are still going. We also have travelling fairs as well. The two biggest in the UK is the Nottingham Goose Fair and Hull Fair. Hull Fair, which was just over a week ago, is the largest, partly because it is the last major fair of the year before the stop travelling for the winter. When I was a child we finished school early on Friday to allow us to go to the fair while we still had daylight. My mother still has an old black and white photograph of us taken when I was about ten years old. I was holding a large parrot while one of my sisters holds a small monkey. The Guardian newspaper did a piece of photojournalism with regards the last travelling circus. Many of the performers trained in Eastern Europe and performing in America was their big break. Sad to see it go.
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  722. The Bonesaw I agree with you on this but as for the battleship there were those who had a better understanding of the importance of the aircraft carrier. Admiral Yamamoto for one. And both Britain and Japan were early converts to the carrier with America not far behind. The problem is that it is not always clear to others what is so obvious to you. Some see the big battleship and think of how powerful they are. They don't think a couple of dozen puny little dive-bomber could sink it. As for Roosevelt, and the same thing has been said about Churchill knowing about the attack, hindsight is a wonderful thing and always 20/20. But that is because we know what we are looking at and that the end result was Pearl Harbour. They did not know what was coming next, though they had a good idea, and more importantly they did not know where or when.
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  723. WALTERBROADDUS I, also, have seen the photograph taken by the Japanese which shows the mini sub attack on the West Virginia. There, for all those years was the evidence but no one had noticed it.
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  724. Michael Smith The problem with the carrier sub was that the west had already tried this and decided against it as it was to dangerous. The British built the M-Class submarines with the M2 having a hanger which carried seaplane. She sank off Chesil Beach the cause of which was thought to have been the hanger door opening prematurely. The thought had occurred to me that with better planning the Japanese could have had ships filled with explosives and used them to destroy the Panama Canal's lock gates on the 7th December 1941. That way it would have denied the US Navy access to the canal for many years.
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  725. Well some people like the quite life. And some people do not. She was definitely of the latter persuasion.
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  726. Actually, Chad, as you probably know there are food historians who look at where foods and ingredients came from, how cooking has evolved, and bring back old recipes as well as replicating methods of cooking from the past. History and food, who could not be interested in that.😊👍
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  727. i should add that the ribs are in fact upside down when used on the ship. On the tree the curved part is at the top and the straight part at the bottom.
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  728. Well having somewhere to hang your hat gave me a good old chuckle. Obviously I have heard, and used, Philips screws, though I was under the impression it was something to do with the Dutch electronics company Philips as I first came across them on their products. The Robertson screwdriver is something new to me. So it is interesting to learn about them. Just goes to show how the Fates can play differently. I think he may have had more success if, like Philips, he had licensed this products to one of the big companies, such as British Standard Whitworth. He could have just let them do the heavy lifting. And Whitworth had a global reach In the 19th century many of the larger British railway companies made everything themselves, including nuts, bolts and screws. So quite a mix of types. The irony about the Archimedes screw is that several years ago they were reintroduce to Egypt to help low income farmers water their fields.
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  729.  @scowell  True
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  730.  @allangibson8494  Interesting about the Raspberry PI. If I didn't have enough to do already it would be fun having a go at using it.
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  731. Forgot to mention, I've seen some of his drawing. They were shown in the local gallery. Big coup as there was only a few places it was shown.
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  732. A very interesting and enjoyable story. Thanks for that. It is sad that she never got to see her flying school but even now she is inspiring others to follow her. Our local flying heroine is Amy Johnson who was a contemporary of Bessie's. In 1930 she became the first woman to fly solo from England to Australia, some 11,000 miles. In July 1931, she and co-pilot Jack Humphreys became the first people to fly from London to Moscow in one day, completing the 1,760 miles (2,830 km) journey in approximately 21 hours. From there, they continued across Siberia and on to Tokyo, setting a record time for Britain to Japan. Just like Bessie she also died young. On 5 January 1941, while flying an Airspeed Oxford Johnson went off course in adverse weather conditions. Reportedly out of fuel, she bailed out as her aircraft crashed into the Thames Estuary near Herne Bay. A ship from a convoy in the area did try to rescue her. The crew of the vessel threw ropes out to Johnson but she was unable to reach them and was lost under the ship.
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  733. Dane Gold or Danegeld is a miss interpretation. In Old English the letter G next to a vowel is pronounced as the letter Y. So it is actually Dane Yield, or money yielded to the Danes. In Old English the double letter C in Wicca is pronounced as CH as in church. So it would sound like wicha. And church was spelt ccurcce. Interesting this misunderstanding led people in Scotland using the word Kirk.
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  734. My son-in-law, an engineer, is one of those who lived for two years on the Antarctic. He said he loved it but I think I would have been wanting to go home after two weeks rather then two years.
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  735. Several people have said that intelligent people avoid mobs, which is an interesting observation. The problem is that too often they believe that because they are intelligent they are clever enough to be able to use mobs for their own use. Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre was a French lawyer who decided to use the mob for his own political ends. He was a member of the Committee of Public Safety. During the Reign of Terror this committee was responsible for at least 300,000 suspects were arrested; 17,000 were officially executed, and perhaps 10,000 died in prison or without trial. Mobs are like riding a hungry tiger. At some point you will become its next meal. On the 28 July 1794 Robespierre died under the Guillotine just as many others had. Yes I agree the intelligent should avoid the mob. But as I said, even the best of people can commit the worst of acts.
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  736. They were also known as Peelers , though this has long since gone out of use. I knew the origin of the hat being connected to the tropical helmet used by the British Army. In fact if you look at the uniform of both the police of the 1880's and the British Army of the same period and the connection is obvious. The bowler hat, worn by women PCs, was originally invented for the use of bailiffs who worked for various country estates when dealing with poachers and alike. They were designed as safety headgear and the idea was the bailiffs would get protection if the got into a fight with the poachers, or to protect them from branches when they were riding through wooded areas. Interestingly they would later be worn by gents working in the offices in the City of London. So maybe working in the City was more dangerous then you think.
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  737. James Parker They would probably say that if insanity did not rule it certainly had a working majority.
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  738. Along with Amelia Earhart and Elvis.😊👍
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  739. I found your explanation about the word cowboy extremely interesting. In the UK the term cowboy is applied to people, usually businesses, who do very shoddy work and then overcharge for their services. So very similar to your description of them,
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  740. It has been a while since I heard this story but definitely worth the retelling. And the wait. So thanks for that. I remember watching another similar story of a British Army survey which I believe took place between the wars and I think it may have been in Burma. They took great pains to get the contour lines correct but they were having some problems with one area. And as the process was coming to an end there was little chance of getting a survey team up there. Anyway one person came up with a solution and it was finally finished. All were happy with the results until someone noted that if you viewed the map upside down the new contour line looked remarkably like the outline of an elephant. Well you cannot say they did not have a sense of humour.
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  741. A case for the English proverb "Give a dog a bad name and hang him". The observation about the ship are due to negativity bias and that people are apt to think poorly of this ship on weak evidence. All these things and more happened to other ships but because of its now perceived to have an unlucky reputation people notice what would go unnoticed on other ships. In the end she gave her life defending others, and did so bravely.
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  742. What is it with walls and the human urge to write or paint, or whatever, on them. We all know about cave paintings but several years ago there was a major find in a valley in Spain which had a number of cave paintings. Soil near the river had been washed away and it was discovered that not only was there prehistoric cave paintings but that these extended to the low cliff walls running along the river valley. As for the abandoned site dating from 1400. My thoughts are that what is know as the Little Ice Age began in the previous decade which meant the average yearly temperatures were lower. And from what I remember that area of America suffered from draught because the weather patterns had changed so much.
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  743. Everyone will appreciate what the loss of such documents can have on a personnel level, even if the did not know it at the time. Then, added to this, anyone with an interest in history will be aware of how much they rely on records and how big an effect such losses can have.
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  744. I actually do know the story of the Bowler hat but it is still interesting to hear it again. Two points. In Waiting for Godot the name is pronounced as God-o and not Go do. Mercury was an accidental product introduced into hat making. Human urine was used in the making of hats and mercury was often found in the urine as it was used as a cure for STDs. Constantly handling the hats meant that the mercury in the urine became absorbed into the hat makers body through the skin. Mercury was also part of the process of producing Daguerreotype photographs. The mercury was heated in a bath and the fumes were used to process the print. It should be remembered that the photographer would have been present at the time and would have inhaled the fumes. Later in the 19th century platinum prints were introduce and one method of toning a print was to use uranium. Who would think that being a photographer could be such a dangerous profession.
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