Youtube comments of andrew worth (@andrewworth7574).
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@tanegurnick5071 Maori had the right to sell their land.
The reason for Maori signing the treaty was the reality of their situation at the time, the musket wars cost tens of thousands of Maori lives, British sovereignty would end that arms trade and, hopefully, bring stability and prosperity.
Obviously, with the subsequent wars didn't go as Maori, or the British, had hoped.
I'll point out, without changing my position, that intergenerational wealth doesn't last. I've no idea what land my ancestors owned 180 years ago. If those ancestors lost land in Europe through some injustice, I've no claim. If my descendants want to own a lot of land, it's up to them to work, invest and save for it.
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"Girl", "Woman", "boy" and "man" are not just words in english that have been used to label human females and males for nearly a thousand years. They've been the primary words for that function ("is it a boy or girl?") and for most I expect will continue to do so as their utility in that role is too high for them to be converted into gender terms.
So, given that the push to change the meaning of such basic terms with such a high use and utility has been orchestrated by a minority of the population and against the interests of the majority, of course there's going to be push back against such linguistic piracy.
Compare this piracy to the change in the meaning of the word "gay", it had already evolved from simply carefree to, in the 1950s, lackadaisical with an edge of promiscuity, and it was never an important word in English, it was an alternative to more commonly used words with similar meaning.
If we need words to denote genders (and I agree we do) there are obvious options in "femme" and "masc", which were already serving or close to serving as gender terms.
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We can argue over this, but we're all working with partial knowledge.
Likely she has XY, but we don't know if it's Swyer syndrome or Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome.
With Swyer there's no male puberty. There are 3 recognized degrees of AIS: mild, partial and complete.
She's not MAIS, that's presents with male genitalia, if PAIS she can have elevated testosterone compared to women, but not to male levels, with CAIS she would have female testosterone levels and not have gone through any form of male puberty.
For now it is more reasonable to assume that it's swyer syndrome or CAIS she has, and is phenotypically a female.
I'll point out that the punch only hurt her opponents nose, it didn't concuss her or knock her out.
Khelif is a professional boxer, her opponent was an amateur.
Khelif's record in terms of win by knockouts is similar to the other semi finalists.
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@Flight042 I've looked at the Police Activity footage.
Look again at Nate's timing of the shots.
He's shooting downwards, the recoil is pushing his arms up.
Nate's timing has the shots fired causing his arms to recoil downwards.
That doesn't make sense.
He tells her to put the pot down, she puts it on the counter, when it's sitting on the counter he again tells her to put the &^%$ pot down. Obviously he was still angry with her putting it where she did and she picks it up to put it on the floor.
Then she sees him coming around the counter, angry, gun in her face, he's towering over her.
That's when she really panics, instinct takes over, she starts to put her hands up. With oven gloves, she starts to lose control of the pot, it's still mostly upright when he fires his first shot. Her left arm comes down, at this point she has no real control over the pot, at most she can push with her right hand to stop it landing on her.
For her to push it towards Grayson her right hand would have to be behind the pot from Grayson's perspective. It is not, from his view it's clearly on the left side of the pot.
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@sarahlynn7894 she placed the pot on the beach when he told her to put it down. After it was there, he again told her to put the &^%$$ pot down. Obviously, he wasn't happy with where she'd put it, so she tried to move it to the floor.
Then she saw him coming around the counter, angry, menacing, in her last moments, panicking, she tried to put her hands up. With oven mitts on, she started to lose control of it. His first shot was when the pot was just starting to fall, her left hand came down, with only her right hand on it she had no control over it, at most she could push it sideways with her right hand to stop in landing on her.
She could not push it towards Grayson with one hand unless that hand was behind the pot from Grayson's perspective. It was not. From his perspective, her hand was on the left side of the pot.
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@PatoMan1477 in 1945 there was a territory called the British protectorate of Palestinian, without the mass migration of Jewish people to that territory, that territory would have become the country of Palestine.
You argue there was never a country called Palestine, do you realize that that can be said of most of the colonies of the European powers prior to those countries gaining independence? None of these countries: Kenya, Ghana, Malaysia, Brazil, Argentina, Chad, Nigeria, Peru, Iraq, India, Pakistan, Burma, Sri Lanka, Uganda, Australia, New Zealand, the USA , and many more, existed as countries before gaining independence.
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"But I must say, I'm with Alex O'Connor on this one, the only fair treatment of slaves is their immediate emancipation with adequate compensation".
You're applying the morals of the world you live in today to a world that was completely different, in that other world most people died during childhood, if you had 6 children chances were that 3 to 4 of them would die when children, being the master gave you and your kids a better chance of survival than being the slave, but being the slave gave you and your children a much better chance of survival than if you were homeless, living on the street with your sons thieving to survive and your daughters selling their bodies for sex. So "their immediate emancipation with adequate compensation" was not a great prospect you imagine.
Today we are lucky enough to live in a rich world, rich largely due to our technology, it means we live in a non-zero sum population world, for our children to survive other peoples children don't have to die. So if you ever magically find yourself back in that world, hang on to whatever form of food income you have, even if it's just as a slave.
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@TheAk1292 color blindness doesn't mean being unaware of race. It means assigning no or very little importance to it.
Of course we all have many characteristics that others assign qualities to, both consciously and subconsciously: sex, height, weight, age, hair color and style, accent, dress, voice characteristics, attitude, behaviors. These assessments we make are at least in part involuntary, and probably can't be dialed to zero, but we can choose to assigned any of them a very low importance.
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The location of the border between Finland and Russia isn't in dispute, and with a small Russian transgression, Nato would only need a small response. Nato could largely restrict its response to the invaded Finish territory, and, frankly, I suspect Finland would need little help to eject any Russian invasion. So even if only Poland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, the Baltic states, the Czech Republic, and the UK came to Finlands aid, Russia would face defeat.
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@CorwinFound thanks for your thoughtful response.
I do however think that your reply, with the evidence that I know Valkai has referred to in the past, pushes the weight of evidence towards a biological rather than social basis for gender.
Obviously gender EXPRESSION is largely cultural, but I think gender orientation, like sexual orientation, is based on innate characteristics, though not necessarily heritable.
I'm strong on evolution psychology, and when I see other primates adhering to gender roles, I think that's good evidence that it's instinctive.
A couple of analogies:
I think we have social instincts that shape human morality - but society has an overlay of cultural morality.
Cake might be a social construct, but food is a biological necessity, dressing food up as a cake doesn't alter the fact that the cake is still food.
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@gooflydo the amount of steel in a naval fleet is small compared to the amount of steel used in the rest of a typical western countries economy.
European countries don't have carriers because global force projection isn't a priority for them. Keep in mind that a carrier, as the name suggests, isn't a weapon, it's the aircraft it carries that are armed. (The carrier does have short range SAM'S, irrelevant to the point).
No, the US did not make the colonial powers relinquish their colonies, they were relinquished because once trade was established, the need for political control of them was greatly reduced and not worthwhile in terms of cost.
To illustrate, if the UK wants oil from Kuwait or bauxite from Australia, is an occupation force cheaper, or is it cheaper to just buy the stuff in the international markets? Once the locals are able to produce the desired goods, obviously it's cheaper just to buy them.
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Kids from poor and broken homes in poorer neighborhoods don't get the same family support that kids from wealthier and more stable homes get, that's where the problem starts, these kids often appear more mature because they've been less protected, they've been made harder, more staunch, kids. Monique W. Morris doesn't appear to understand this, rather she cuts straight to the schools, blaming the schools for not being better parents. While schools have a duty of care, it is not the schools job to be a substitute parent.
Having said that, obviously there is a need to improve the climate and parenting in many poorer homes, and it is asking people to lift themselves off the ground by pulling on their own bootstraps just to say: "It's the parents fault, they have to fix it." It will take community support to change adult mindsets in those homes, but that's where the solutions need to be worked because that's where the problems start.
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Regarding Woodford's earlier castle analogy, in which he argues that language is imprecise, words evolve and therefore women can have penises.
Can I point out that it's not just a case of extending the means of the words "man" and "woman", which traditionally have meant adult human male and female respectively.
If it were merely a case of extending the meaning, describing a transwoman (with male biology) as a "man" would be perfectly reasonable because, biologically, she's a male. What is required is for the traditionally meaning, as referring to sex, to be canceled and banned, and that the word only ever be used to denote gender.
That's a complete redefining of the words "man" and "woman", two words that until today, and for nearly a thousand years, have had extremely high utility as nouns for adult human males and females, there simply are no substitute words with the same utility and meaning. "Male" and "female" apply to almost all animals and many plants, and apply to all ages, not just adults, other words like "lady", "dame" and "gentlemen" and "bloke" usually apply to subsets of "women" and "men".
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@junetalon8796
The societies we live in in the West have been changed massively over the last century by technology and wealth.
100 years ago, keeping a family home in order was a full-time job, so required a full-time homemaker. Today appliances like washing machines, vacuum cleaners, and heat pumps, along with instant hot water and quick and easy shopping trips in cars to get food largely already prepared has reduced house keeping to a couple of hours a day. Additionally, technology has brought about inexpensive mass education and most employment being far less physical.
The Western Europe of 100 years ago is in many ways more like the Middle East and India of today than the Western Europe of today, and as other parts of the world become wealthier they will also become more Western in culture.
Conversely, if civilization crumbled tomorrow and Europe returned to the technology and energy availability of two centuries ago, poverty would quickly see a return to a similar culture and education levels of two centuries ago.
To illustrate my point, I will mention that the life expectancy of 1920's Western Europe was less than it is in Africa today.
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@HANSMKAMP the US didn't force Yanukovych to run away, the Ukrainian people did that.
They revolted against their president, as did their parliament, after Yanukovych announced that he was going back on his promise to get Ukraine into the EU. An association agreement had been agreed, which Yanukovych, after a chat with Putin, refused to sign, instead announcing that Ukraine would instead join the Eurasian Economic Union, an economic alliance currently composed of 5 former Soviet states.
Here's the shocker, Ukrainians didn't throw their president out on behalf of the US, they threw him out on behalf of themselves.
The narrative you've bought into is straight from the Kremlin. The US didn't have any resources in Ukraine to remove a president, and Victoria Nuland doesn't have super-villain mind control powers that enable her to control hundreds of thousands of people, causing them to revolt against their elected president. It was Yanukovych's own actions that led to his downfall.
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@junetalon8796 woke ideology is a self congratulatory belief held by people who see themselves as morally superior to others in society on the basis that they see themselves as being awake to social injustices that they view others as being blind to. A lot like other religious beliefs that also look down on those blind to their faith. The adherents of these religions see confirmation in their beliefs in all things, this ability to see evidence in support of their beliefs everywhere is call confirmation bias.
High correlation with childhood trauma is indicative that that trauma likely contributes to the gender disphoria, evidence that in many cases the disphoria is not innate.
If a person has had childhood trauma that leads to a condition that causes them difficulty in later life, the usual treatment is to recognize the condition and treat it, not to affirm the condition as normal for that person.
Western society is happy to live with gay people and transpeople, generally gay people are happy to live with the rest of society without demanding special rights, like, for example, demanding that members of one sex be treated as members of the opposite sex or being addressed as members of the opposite sex, having certain privileges that are given to people of the opposite sex, including entering those spaces reserved for members of the opposite sex.
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@stefaniasmanio859 assuming you're gushing over Monbiot's speech for its content rather than style I have to ask why?
Monbiot attacks "neo-liberalism" by which he means the current economic system that is transforming the world, making the world richer and all countries that have adopted the current western economic system richer.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=usdJgEwMinM
Monbiot claims the system has failed, he offers no evidence supporting that contention, indeed, all the evidence supports the contention that Monbiot is dead wrong about the current economic system being a failure, the Earth's population is richer and happier today than at any time in history (as Hans Rosling demonstrates in the above link and as Steven Pinker demonstrates in his book Enlightenment Now.
You state "I think that my students are going to learn this speech by heart... "
That's super creepy, and illustrates how the modern education system has become captured by the ideology of many teachers. I can't imagine a good teacher ever threatening his/her students with rote learning of the speech of a journalist of no great accomplishment, rather, I'd hope a good teacher would emphasis the importance of critical thinking, of not accepting just the ideological view point most preferred by the teacher and slavishly memorizing a speech expressing that view point, your commitment to forcing your students into memorizing Monbiot's speech reminds me of how the Chinese were expected to memorize Mao's Little Red Book - to the exclusion of any opinions that contradicted Mao.
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@triiileigh Grayson told her to put the pot down, so she put the pot down on the bench. Did that placate his aggressive and threatening advance?
No, to him it made no difference, he was clearly dissatisfied with where she placed it because after she'd put it on the bench he again demanded that she "PUT THE ^%%#^ POT DOWN!"
His shouting.
If she wanted to placate him by obeying his instructions, she had no option other than to try to transfer the pot to the floor. And if you think she was just going to ignore the instructions of an angry cop, gun pointing at her, who'd just threatened to shoot her in the ^#%^$ face, you've got zero empathy for the terrifying situation she was in.
Then she turned to see him approaching, her instincts took over. What's her instinctive goto when in great fear for her life from a threatening cop? We saw it a few seconds earlier, she threw her hands up!
Did you notice that after the pot had dropped to the floor, after he'd stopped shooting, that Grayson again demanded that she "PUT THE #%^%$ POT DOWN!"?
"Where the water (and pot) lands."
They landed on and around her, which you'd know if you'd looked at the BWC film from cop 2 when he checked her after she was dead.
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So Sibrel is accusing people of: lying, fraud, embezzlement, cowardice, murder, kidnapping, and other crimes and immoralities, and when they get angry at his baseless accusations, to him, and Candace, that's evidence that those accusations are correct?
And Candace claims that if such accusations were made against her, she wouldn't care less.
To normal people, Sibrel's and Owens' claims of indifference in the face of such accusations are ridiculous.
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"Who encourage people to go to Ukraine and fight" . . . like Putin you mean?
"Ukraine has no organized reserves left" . . . But they do have many, many able bodied men voluntarily taking up arms, and there're about 6 million of those in Ukraine - and an endless supply of weaponry arriving.
"1,351 Russian servicemen killed" . . . a ridiculously low claim given the thousands of pieces of Russian military hardware destroyed - with supporting photographic evidence. How can a government that lies to its own people be trusted?
"14,000 Azov Guys" it's the Azov battalion, not the Azov division.
No, NATO estimates 7000-15000 Russian servicemen killed, not 15000-30000.
"killed in the Donbas" But that's not for the Donbas, that's the estimate for Russian deaths across multiple fronts in North, South and East Ukraine! And the chart you offer says 6,671 average *daily* losses to the Germans with **total KIA 66,166**!
"These NATO numbers, 15,000 and 30,000 are completely bogus." Indeed, you just made them up.
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@kev596 so you want me to tell you, but won't accept the factual answer?
Well, I'll try anyway, though it's probably too complex for you.
The Apollo lunar module descent stage was about 4 meters across.
The moon is about 380,000,000 meters away, so a ratio of about 1:100,000,000
So using that ratio we can say that the descent stage has about the same angular size as a 1mm flea at a distance of 100,000,000 millimeters ie. 100 km.
You show me a telescope that can resolve a flea at that distance, or the head of a 4mm screw on the ISS from 400km, and I'll show you a telescope that can resolve the LM descent stage from Earth.
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Addressing your list:
"Live video feed with no delay"
If the recording is done at the astronauts end, with the audio on the camera they carry, and that conversation, recorded at their end, is transmitted to mission control live, we hear it as they hear it, they hear mission control say something, they respond immediately to what they hear. So, if it's recorded on the moon, that response has no delay. The delay in that recording is in the astronauts waiting for mission control to respond to them. The "documentary" that made that claim never showed that second half of the conversation.
"Multiple lighting sources"
The claim is that shadows from multiple objects from a single distant light source must be parallel. That claim is FALSE. Try it with a couple of angled sticks in sunlight.
The evidence of multiple light sources is multiple shadows from a single object. We never see that in the footage.
"Impossible physics recovering from a trip"
I watched those scenes, and the claim ignores the reality of moving in a low g environment, where a small push of a hand can lift someone far higher than on Earth.
"Remote camera tracking abilities".
All 3 of the later Apollo flights positioned the camera of the rover to record the ascent stage lift off. The cameras were controlled by an operator in Houston. With the final ascent stage liftoff, Apollo 17, the operator timed his directions to the camera to pan at the intended time of liftoff. He was timing the panning, not watching the results in real time.
Everything I wrote are the points others have made many times. The conspiracy theorists just ignore what doesn't fit their narrative.
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Title and abstract of a paper I found.
More papers saying the same thing would bring more confidence in the findings:
Brain Sex in Transgender Women Is Shifted towards Gender Identity
Florian Kurth,1,*† Christian Gaser,2,† Francisco J. Sánchez,3 and Eileen Luders1,4,5
Gianluca Castelnuovo, Academic Editor
Author information Article notes Copyright and License information PMC Disclaimer
Associated Data
Data Availability Statement
Go to:
Abstract
Transgender people report discomfort with their birth sex and a strong identification with the opposite sex. The current study was designed to shed further light on the question of whether the brains of transgender people resemble their birth sex or their gender identity. For this purpose, we analyzed a sample of 24 cisgender men, 24 cisgender women, and 24 transgender women before gender-affirming hormone therapy. We employed a recently developed multivariate classifier that yields a continuous probabilistic (rather than a binary) estimate for brains to be male or female. The brains of transgender women ranged between cisgender men and cisgender women (albeit still closer to cisgender men), and the differences to both cisgender men and to cisgender women were significant (p = 0.016 and p < 0.001, respectively). These findings add support to the notion that the underlying brain anatomy in transgender people is shifted away from their biological sex towards their gender identity"
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That's the point I've made before, he obviously wasn't happy with where she'd put the pot, so she picked it up and was lowering it to the floor. Then with him still advancing and angrily yelling at her, she was in complete terror, she tried to put her hands up, with the pot over her head he fired. She lost control of the pot (was she hit by a bullet?) and was at most trying to stop the falling pot of hot water landing on her.
Water from that height hits the floor at 4.7m/s and will splash across a hard floor, so the steam appearing at the end of the counter is no surprise, even if the pot dropped vertically.
Bizarrely, he tells her to put the pot down, again, after he's stopped firing and she's on the ground dead with the pot also on the floor.
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@J P "except satellite data reads decently different, showing a temperature stabilization."
No it doesn't.
http://www.woodfortrees.org/plot/hadcrut4gl/from:1979/plot/gistemp/from:1979/plot/uah6/plot/rss
"The ocean warming is certain compared to what, exactly?"
It's certain because we can measure it, both directly and through the effects of thermal expansion.
"Volcanic activity plays a major role as well."
Major eruptions have short term effects of surface temperature, that's the only major role of volcanism on the timescales under discussion.
"And the ice melting? Well, a pole shift suggests a different story,"
I doubt you've any idea what you mean by that, the decline in land and sea ice has been accurately measured in recent decades.
https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/sotc/ice_sheets.html
"Well, that's the basis GHGs work on. They absorb, and re-emit solar radiance... however, like i said, CO2 doesn't have that property."
That looks like you're claiming that CO2 isn't a GHG, I'll assume that's not your meaning (because it's a really ignorant claim to make) and suggest you reword what you're trying to say.
". . the earth has been in a warming trend for centuries."
No it hasn't, the warming trend is less than 2 centuries old.
" "There are no observed mechanisms that can explain". If that were true, then like i keep saying, we wouldn't be entertaining the developement of new instruments and measurement systems used in helioseismilogy to further our understanding of the full spectrum of solar influence/forcing."
We're continuously improving our understanding of the universe through better technology and new methods, we've been doing it for centuries and will continue to do AGW or no AGW.
"TSI measurements still leave questions that need answers."
TSI varies by less than 0.1% between solar maximum and solar minimum. Again I suspect you're
out of your depth on the science.
"The warming observed is inline with a trend that's been observed for centuries."
Simply untrue, warming over the last century is unprecedented since at least the establishment of this interglacial period (there may have been similar rates of warming during the glacial to interglacial transition - about 12,000 years ago).
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@LorileiSuesHonestReviews for those of us who've spent years learning the technical side of the various nations space programs, Sibrel's claims are egregiously false.
When you apply math to his claims, or facts that he conceals, from his audience, it's hard to rule out deliberate deception on his part.
I tend to assume confirmation bias, but, as an example:
When the word "talk"(?) is heard during the discussion between the astronauts and mission control on the way to the moon, it's taken from a publicly available broadcast. (Not secret)
The broadcast was 15 minutes long, it was on day 1 of the mission, they were 95,000km from Earth, so the round trip radio delay was just 0.65 seconds.
Throughout the 15 minute broadcast, the remainder of the conversation makes it obvious that the delay is indeed less than a second.
So how can Sibrel claim that the CIA was directing them to fake a 4 second delay??
Sibrel's claim makes no sense.
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@HANSMKAMP of course you don't believe it, you've been fed a carefully constructed narrative through anti western outlets, supported by the same narrative on social media by Russian troll farms.
There are other falsehoods that are also fed in to support the narrative:
That Zelensky wasn't democratically elected - he was in 2019, beating incumbent president Petro Poreshenko.
That Ukraine killed 14,000 civilians in the Donbas - total civilian casualties 2014-21 was 4000, 1000 of those in 2014, 900 in 2015.
In the 3 years between Zelensky being elected and the February 2022 invasion by Russia the civilian death toll was about 75 on both sides, and the majority of those were from landmines and unexploded munitions mostly planted or fired in earlier years. In those 3 years the civilian death toll from active military operations was about 10 per year on both sides, the conflict was petering out, with static lines of control. Life was actually fairly on both sides in the Donbas.
There's a UN monitor report online with the details.
After Yanukovych fled there was an armed revolt in the Donbas supported by Moscow that attacked police stations and other government people and facilities that didn't support the revolt, so it was the separatists that initiated the violence, it was after that that the violence really kicked off with efforts by the Ukraine government to suppress the revolt.
Russia supported the revolt and war against Ukraine from the outset - (Putin actually acknowledged that in one interview).
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@rayhogan796 check my math, but:
Assume 10,000 kw (about 10 Abrams tank engines) heat generation for 30 minutes (that should be enough time to travel several km.)
This comes to (10,000,000 × 60 × 30) 18,000,000,000 joules (1 watt = 1 joule per second).
Water heat of fusion is 334J/gm, specific heat capacity 4.2J/gm. So turning ice into water at 20C absorbs 418J/gm.
To absorb all that 18,000,000,000 joules of energy would require: 18,000,000,000/418 = 43,062,000 grams of ice = 43.062 metric tons of ice.
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@lukebandolino882 there are good grounds to believe that there were war crimes committed by both sides in the Donbas in 2014, arguably Ukrainian forces were responsible for much of the worst of it. However, the civilian deaths quickly tailed off after 2014, from about 2,000 in that year to 900 in 2015, that decline in civilian casualties continued so that in 2021 it was down to around two dozen civilians killed on both sides, with the majority of those deaths being front landmines and explosive remnants of war expended in the earlier years of the conflict. Total civilian deaths 2014-2021 was about 3,500.
With it's February 2022 invasion, Russia, which used it's reliance on concentrated artillery fire, increased the rate of civilian deaths in the Donbas from that two dozen a year to over ten thousand in a year.
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@lilidezman624 re hate crimes. There's a site nationmaster that tries to compare countries, Ukraine ranks better than most, far better than the US, Russia, UK and most other countries, the data I found is from 2014, and should not be taken as totally reliable, but as an indication.
Ukraine has a national identity, it's origins are irrelevant.
Ukraine parliament has elected representatives elected using a proportional voting system, the policies of those representatives gives a good indication of how nazi the population is. There isn't any evidence that nazism is a problem. When Russia invaded 60,000 foreign students, most of them from the Indian subcontinent and Africa fled the country - fled from the Russian invasion, not from Ukrainians.
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@tokyo.peking Bucha, execution of civilians on road, execution of prisoner, beheading of prisoners, abduction of children, bombing of multiple civilian facilities, torture of prisoners. Video evidence of killing of prisoners, injuries and evidence of torture, evidence of murder of civilians in Bucha, Putin charged with child abduction.
I'm not a court so, no, I'm giving an opinion, not a conviction. Amnesty also claims Russia is responsible for many of these alleged war crimes.
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Skeptic Psychologist, I think you're more casting doubt than looking at reality. 3 year olds are not averse to assaulting each other, to dismiss the rarity of actions between them resulting in serious injury or death on mislabeling, absence of suitable victims ,rarity of opportunity or lack of means beggars belief. Young kids hold back from seriously hurting each other, I have several of kids, I once was a kid, my observation and experience is that they innately know not to go too far, and if the next step is suggest that maybe it's because their parents tell them not to fight or hurt each other that's not realistic.
When I say that young children using readily available objects, (hard heavy and sharp objects that have been around children for tens if not hundreds of thousands of years) to assault each other without subconscious consideration of the risk of serious harm is rare, I mean rare to a degree at which more than, I think, chance or luck would account for, take a million 3 year olds, multiply by 10 years and I doubt there would be more than a handful of serious assaults involving heavy, hard or sharp objects, but there would be millions of minor assaults and hundreds of thousands of armed assaults in which the assailant held back, choosing not to inflict the damage they are physically able to.
We can also look at the rest of the animal kingdom where instincts not to seriously hurt siblings, or with some animals, instincts to eliminate siblings, demonstrates a marked consistency of behaviour within species.
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" . . Kids don't kill or harm each other deliberately just because they don't know anything," No they do harm each other, frequently, they assault each other far, far more often than adults assault each other.
"Its like saying that rocks have morals against killing because they dont' kill each other." Do you really think that's a reasonable analogy? Really?
"Kids are not able to do anything really" Have you had no experience with children?? My youngest is 3, he can bash things with a hammer, fasten a seat belt, move a chair from the dinning room to get into the top kitchen cupboards to nick biscuits and gets into all sorts of other mischief, would he be physically capable of seriously injuring another child? You bet, but - and this is a huge but - he's not psychologically capable of doing it, no children his age are, it's against their nature.
"And yes, its all down to good parental supervision, nothing to do with any innate morals." You've obviously had no experience with children in the real world.
Frankly, in your desperation you're resorting to nonsense.
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1.
A country belongs to the people that live there, ruling Ukraine, a country clearly with a national identity, from Moscow, is imperialism.
2.
The UN observers mission has published civilian casualty rates in the Donbas conflict since 2014. They put total civilian deaths through to February 2022 at about 3,400. Of that total, about 2,900 were killed in 2014 and 2015.
The civilian death rate on both sides in recent years, since before Zelensky was elected in 2019, is about two dozen a year, the majority of those deaths being caused by explosive remnants of war and landmines expended and planted in the earlier years of the conflict. Yearly civilian deaths on both sides from active military operations has been less than 10 each year in those recent years.
3.
The only nuclear weapons that nato has had deployed in continental Europe since the end of the Cold War are B61 free fall bombs designated to be carried on the F16 and Tornado aircraft of 5 European air forces (Dutch, Belgian, Italian, German and Turkish) the 6 bases where these weapons are located, are all over 2,000 km from Moscow.
There is no possibility that Nato would suddenly deploy these weapons closer to Russia or deploy other nuclear weapons in Europe (Europeans stood against such deployments, stopping them, in the past).
So, a Nato nuclear threat to Russia from Ukraine soil is nonsense. A Russian nuclear threat to Nato from Belarus, however, is very real.
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Well, given the difference in opinion between Sydney and Aba & Preach, I thought I'd watch the movie.
I agree with Aba & Preach.
In the context of the story: Centered around an 11 year old girl and her peers growing into THAT stage of their lives, trying to be older than they are - something hardly unusual with girls of that age, I thought the scenes in the movie were in context. Sydney may never have gone through that pre-teen phase, but many do. The security Guard was certainly intended to be an unattractive pedo - so his eyeing up of the girls was not being viewed approvingly. In the final dance scene the over-the-top sexualization of the girls dance was seen as distasteful by many of those viewing in the dance audience, and it was obviously the intent for that distaste to be shared by those in the films audience. At the very end it's clear that the main character realized she'd been wrong trying to grow up too soon, in large part a form of rebellion against her family life, and we're left with the impression she'd leaned to be herself at her age.
Is this film exceptional in it's scenes of sexualization of underage girls? I'd compare it to Olivia Hussey at 15 in 1968's Romeo & Juliet and Brooke Shields at 14 in The Blue Lagoon, both of which were shown to my classes in 8th and 9th grade. In both of those movies the levels of nudity on display were considerably greater than in Cuties (Cuties being the name of the girls dance group). So, all said and done, I think this film has been a target of leftist thought police efforts at censorship because, hey, us average people are not able to make these calls for ourselves, only the thought police know what we should be allowed to watch, we're apparently not capable of seeing any context and the true message, apparently because we're all shallow pedos.
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@damianweston8670 on getting to the moon the trajectory of the combined C/S module and lunar module is curved by lunar gravity, when behind the moon the service modules engine fires, slowing them enough to be captured by lunar gravity, entering lunar orbit.
The lunar module fires its descent stage engine, slowing it further, to land it on the moon.
After the moon walkers do their thing, they fire the lunar module ascent stage engine, using the descent stage as a launch platform, the ascent stage rendezvous with the C/S module in lunar orbit, the lunat module ascent stage is dumped, and the service module fires its engine again, putting it on a return to Earth trajectory.
Before hitting Earth's atmosphere the service module is dumped, with only the tiny command module, with the astronauts aboard, undergoing reentery and parachuting into the ocean.
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@grannyannie2948 they were all colonized, all of them took a swing towards socialism with, at the minimum, significant bitterness towards the imperial powers, some mild, others extreme.
The only exception was Liberia, which technically was independent and not colonized by the imperial powers, it didn't have such strong anti-western sentiments. Liberia was, however, colonized by freed slaves from the US, colonization played out in a similar fashion, with the "Congua" only losing power in Samual Doe's coup in 1980.
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The Euromaidan started in November 2013, it was a popular protest to President Viktor Yanukovych’s sudden decision not to sign the EU association agreement that had been worked out between the Ukraine Government and the EU. Yanukovych announced instead that he would seek closer ties with Russia. Ukraine’s parliament had overwhelmingly approved of implementing the agreement with the EU, Yanukovych changed his mind about the agreement after having a little chat with Putin.
Russia pushed a narrative that it was a US plot to orchestrate a coup against Yanukovych. This narrative does not stand up to critical thought.
Why would hundreds of thousands of Ukrainian’s revolt against their government because the US wanted them to? Isn’t it just a tad more likely that they were not zombies under the mind control powers of Victoria Nuland, but rather normal human beings acting in their own interests?
If Victoria Nuland has the power to influence hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians to revolt against their president in this way, why on earth hasn’t she been sent to Moscow??
Since the Euromaiden Revolution there have been two elections in Ukraine, in 2014, shortly after Yanukovych fled the country Petro Poroshenko was elected, in 2019 Zelinsky was successful when he stood against Poroshenko, comfortably defeating him. Poroshenko is currently actively working against the Russian aggression, both in encouraging Ukrainian’s and calling for more international support.
The figure of 14,000 dead is from the UN observers, that figure includes military and paramilitary on both sides and civilian deaths.
By year the civilian deaths are:
2014 2084
2015 955
2016 112
2017 117
2018 58
2019 27
2020 26
2021 25
So total civilian deaths on both sides is just over 3,400 up until the February 2022 Russian invasion.
It should be noted that the level of conflict reduced substantially after 2015 and again after Zelensky was elected in 2019.
The civilian deaths from active military operations in 2019 -2021 was less than half those total civilian deaths, most of the deaths being caused by explosive remnants of war and land mines expended and planted in the earlier years of the conflict.
Since the February Russian invasion Russia has killed over 10,000 civilians in the Donbas through their indiscriminate shelling, which utterly destroyed Mariupol.
Boyd W, your claim the Nato has pushed Ukraine towards Nato membership is nonsense, in fact Nato has done the exact opposite. It has not invited Ukraine to join and has made it clear to Ukraine that under the situation that existed between 2014 and 2022 Ukraine COULD NOT JOIN NATO.
Your claim that Nato has pushed for Ukraine to host Nukes is beyond ridiculous. There are no nukes in any of the countries that joined Nato after 1990 and the only Nato nukes based in Europe are in 6 bases that hosted them prior to 1990, all of those bases are over 2000km from Moscow and the only nukes that are there are B61 free fall bombs to be carried by the aircraft of the host nations.
The Crimea "referendum" happened after Russia gained control of Crimea and has been ruled illegal by the UN and is not considered to have been honest, there were no international observers permitted and there were irregularities.
"Russian intel discovered Ukraine was about to launch a major offensive to attempt to steamroll the Ukrainian breakaway regions & Crimea."
That claim is complete nonsense the only party that claims there was such an offensive planned is Russia, while Russia lied about it's own planned offensive right up until it was launch.
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@user-xp9ry8yh9z after watching a lot more video, including that directly released by the police, I've had to amend my position.
She did throw the pot, it's visible, upside-down on the black chair behind the end of the counter after the shooting, it can be seen steaming.
When she threw the pot, she was acting instinctively. We saw a classic case of flight then fight reflex from someone who had become convinced by another person, through their threats and actions, that they were fully committed to killing her. Initially she ducked down (flight), when he started coming around the counter there was no where left for her to hide.
When she threw the water, it went everywhere, including landing on her (in one shot you can see a splash of water escaping upwards as she throws).
Through aggression, malice, and stupidity, Grayson forced her into a situation where she had no options other than to act desperately to try to survive.
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@Timepiece80 in his original "documentary", a funny thing happened .." and in his interview with Bett-David several years ago, Sibrel claims that the image seen is the Earth, a small portion of it from low earth orbit. With the rest hidden behind the window frame and walls of the spacecraft.
It was subsequently pointed out, by several people, that in such a shot the movement of the spacecraft over the Earth's surface at the LEO speed of about 8km/s would cause the small section of the Earth visible to rapidly change, which isn't what we see.
So, as is the case with the above interview, Sibrel has quietly introduced a "transparency", claiming we're not looking at the Earth, but at a transparency over the window illuminated by the Earth behind it.
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@vladivanov5500 she didn't throw it, when she saw Grayson coming at her, preparing to carry out his threat to execute her, she did the last thing her instincts told her to do, she put her hands up, as she had previously.
With oven gloves on she was unable to control it. When she pulled her left hand down it was unsupported and it started to tilt.
From Grayson's perspective her right hand was on the left side of the pot, the only direction she could have pushed the pot was to her left, Grayson's right.
The claims that the water and steam appearing from behind the counter are evidence of it being thrown are nonsense, which anyone can demonstrate in their own home - or on another hard flat surface.
Hold a pot or small bucket with (I estimate) 3/4 of a gallon of water 4 feet above the ground on your hand, rotate your hand so the bucket falls off.
I did this an hour ago on rough concrete pavers, the water washed 9 feet across the pavers. Hot water on a linoleum floor would have gone at least as far.
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@giannislainas5187 the Warsaw Pact countries were one hundred percent subservient to the Soviet Union, which Russia is the main successor nation of.
That subservience is the reason why those countries were so quick to align themselves with western nations, including joining Nato when they had the opportunity.
The end of European imperialism was a product of there no longer being any advantage to the European powers in maintaining their empires. Probably hard for you to grasp, but freely trading with other countries is more profitable than enforcing colonialism.
Israel maintains its occupation through force, which is subsidized by the US.
Inevitably, that strategy, peace through oppression, will fail.
In past centuries subjugation of conquered lands could be as violent as necessary to enforce that subjugation long term. Over the last couple of centuries such violence has become steadily less acceptable. A century ago Russia could have murdered, or threatened to murder, as many millions of Ukrainians as was required to destroy resistance, today such campaigns of violent subjugation are rare because they're not acceptable to the population of countries around the world.
If you think you've seen bloody conflict in the last 70 years, we'll, you have no idea of what occurred in past centuries.
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@zechrojas2202 he told her to put it down after she started moving it to the counter, so she put it on the counter. Then again he told her to put it down, obviously he was unhappy with the position on the counter so, thinking, she was moving it to the floor.
Then she saw him coming menacingly towards her, angry, gun in her face, in terror and instinct taking over, she tried to put her hands up.
When she ducked down earlier, behind the counter when he drew, that was another example of instinct taking over.
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@Warrior_Resisting_Colonialism nothing personal but the fable of pre-agrarian peoples living peaceful happy lives is a myth, populations were kept in check by death, if the natural environment was super kind and allowed populations to grow death came in other forms; in war with competing tribes, or through the use of infanticide to keep the population within the limits that the resources available in the environment imposed.
That's how it always was: in pre-agrarian Europe, in Australasia, across the Polynesian Pacific, in Africa, in the Americas, and in Asia. The myth of the "noble savage" is just that; a myth. People can and will breed unless there's effective contraception, and in pre-agrarian societies there wasn't such a thing.
For some societies this is the reality that we don't want to see or hear:
https://quillette.com/2018/07/27/burying-a-child/
For other societies if the struggle against nature was harsh (in the Australian deserts) warfare with the neighbors wasn't required to keep population in check, in other places, where nature was kinder, (most of North America) it was tribal warfare that did the job.
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@ianhale4466 if you're referring to the lunar lander, the engines were cut when the contact probes touched the surface, the probes were 1.5 metres long, so the lander dropped 1.5 metres in lunar gravity, the equivalent of 250mm, or 10 inches on Earth.
So, yes, despite the aluminum honeycomb shock absorbers in the struts of each leg, I agree it's likely dropping the landers 10 feet on Earth would cause damage, but then, dropping most technological objects that size 10 feet would cause damage.
So, despite you thinking you've made some great revelation about the strength of the lunar landers, you've just, once again, demonstrated a high level of silliness.
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@londonbabe2467 I have looked, as I said, I've reviewed all of Sibrel's claims.
For instance, the footage that he describes as not being released to the public was taken originally from 2 recordings of live broadcasts, on day 1 of the mission at 93-95,000km from Earth, and a longer 35 minute broadcast on day 2, at a distance of about 250,000km.
That footage was incorporated, in part, into the internal video report that Sibrel was boasting about getting his hands on.
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@Mythoughtsoutlouder it was Grayson who needed to calm down, to Sonya he had gone berserk, defending herself with whatever was at hand was reasonable.
A bullet in the face is often fatal, any burns to her not, you're overstaying to try to support your initial poor premise.
There is indeed a reason for the force escalation continuum, it means the officer is justified in that his actions are the response to aggression, rather than him becoming the aggressor.
"Calm down"
Interesting that you should attempt to portray me as excitable, when all my points have been so measured and you're the one trying to suggest a bullet in the face is less deadly than a falling pot of hot water. Sonya Massey was not instantly killed, the bullet entered immediately below her eye, traveled through her mouth on a downward trajectory, then traveled through her neck, severing arteries but missing the spinal column.
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@Mythoughtsoutlouder "symbolic profanity"
Again an attempt to portray me as unreasonable. No, I said nothing profane, symbolic or otherwise.
When Sonya Massey lifted a pot of very hot water above her head in an attempt to ward off her attacker, do you think she was aware of the risk of harm to herself from that water that her action caused?
So why did she do it? Because she recognized that the armed and berserk Grayson presented a far greater risk to her life and wellbeing.
From cop2's BWC it's evident that the water was spread from where Sonya was standing to where the pot came to rest in the chair, almost certainly some of it did land on her.
Your logic is faulty in that the taser, like a gun, is primarily used as a threat of force, rather than actually fired. With Sonya, holding a pot of hot water, the threat is greater, and the greater the threat, as long as not elevated to the point that the target sees it as inevitable and mortal, will more likely force compliance with commands.
So when it came to choosing between a taser vs firearm, the taser was still the more reasonable choice.
But I doubt Grayson put much thought into that choice, Grayson chose the Glock because his natural preference was for the more deadly weapon.
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@Mythoughtsoutlouder "throw boiling water"
As near as I can judge (and I've looked closely at the dimensions of the objects in the video to get as close as I can to the correct scale).
The pot came to rest about 5 feet from where Sonya was standing, about 4 feet from Grayson who was at a significant angle to the actual trajectory of the pot.
Grayson first fired at very close to the time the pot left Sonya's hands, given the short distance the pot wouldn't have been moving at less than 4m/s horizontally, (4m/s is a soft throw, a lob) after each shot Grayson has to resight his weapon on the target due to recoil, that's why there's half a second between each shot, a full second between his first and third shot.
The pot would have taken less than half a second to reach the chair, Grayson would have seen it moving left to right and downwards across his line of sight, disappearing behind the counter before he could reposition for his second shot.
We can see Sonya at the time, and for a fraction of a second after Grayson's first shot, we know it missed.
Grayson's subsequent shots were fired after the pot had disappeared from his view behind the counter. Sonya had no more pots to throw.
A half second doesn't sound like a lot of time, but it's enough time for Grayson to know he was out of any danger from the pot and to choose not to continue firing.
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1. Claim: Gender is a social construct.
Valkai states that there are female and male brains, that that's a physiological fact. I will accept that claim as there are papers offering support to that position.
So how is it that various authorities claim that it's a social construct when the current evidence is that it's a biological fact?
I think the explanation is that there was a narrative called the "Blank Slate" that became popular 30 or so years ago, it was a narrative being pushed to support supposed widespread misogyny, that girls were disadvantages by what was an imposed cultural aspect.
2. Claim: A woman is an adult human female.
For nearly a thousand years, man and woman referred to the two recognized human sexes, ditto for boy and girl.
If we're distinguishing gender from sex (which I obviously agree with given I accept the existence of male and female brains) what is being asked of society is not an expansion of the meaning of such terms, but a redefining of them. That might be socially acceptable - except that as terms referring to sex rather than gender their utility is too high, there simply are no other words even remotely well established that mean adult human male and adult human female.
So I think this attempt by those with an agenda to change the meaning of those words will inevitably fail, the gender use should be abandoned, and other words with less existing utility used. I suggest "femme" and "masc."
3. Claim: Sex is best defined by phenotype.
I think for social purposes, this is correct. We can get too carried away discussing gametes and chromosomes, for practical and reasons of "common sense" the physical equipment is what counts. This does not mean that when it comes to things like competitive sport, where past sex can be relevant to current abilities, the same rule of thumb need apply.
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Throughout most of human history and prehistory human populations were fairly stable, this despite having the theoretical capacity to grow exponentially, doubling every 25 years.
Such stability in population is certainly a product ofthe population running up against resource constraints. Few people in ancient history would have died from old age, so the constant death rate required to maintain a constant population (assuming no birth control) would have been due to disease (rare, I expect, in small hunter-gatherer communities), starvation, accidents (including hunting accidents) falling victim to predators, and human violence - within and between tribes. I expect if deaths from non-human agents became low there would inevitably be greater competition for limited resources resulting in more deaths from human violence.
I see no merit in the assumption used in the video that a lack of evidence of human violence is evidence of an absence of human violence. Especially as we go back in time the more common weapons (sharpened sticks) wouldn't leave a lot of evidence of the soft tissue damage that would be caused, and also leave no evidence like stone spear and arrow heads in the victim. Another point that appears to have been overlooked is that crafted bone and stone spear and arrow heads are valuable items, and would usually be recovered from the body of victims.
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@nlorand9033 "killed civilians since 2014"
The civilian death toll in the Donbas since 2014 is around 3,500 on both sides. The intensity of that conflict has dropped substantially since the first year; In 2014 it was about 2000, in 2015 about 900, in the last three years it's been around 20/year, with half of those deaths being caused by from mines and explosive residue of war planted or expended in the earlier years.
"Ukrainian democracy is silencing jailing and killing critics"
In the 2014 Ukraine elections Petro Porashenko was the winner, in the 2019 election Zelinsky defeated Poroshenko. Poroshenko is very much alive and working to support the Ukrainian efforts to evict the Russians from Ukraine. If killing critics is a concern of yours - and it should be - you should check out the situation in Russia where critics are routinely imprisoned and killed.
"Ukraine government Kill list"
You're referring to the Myrotvorets web site run privately by former Ukraine politician George Tuka. It is not a "kill list", though it's described as such by Russian propagandists, on the site it's described as a list of people: "whose actions have signs of crimes against the national security of Ukraine, peace, human security, and the international law".
If it were a "kill list" one would expect at least one person on the list to have been murdered as it's been up for 8 years.
"Negotiations . . . for peace"
The time for negotiations is when Russia ends it's imperialist invasion of its neighbor and takes its army home. At this stage negotiating with Putin would be as pointless as negotiating with Hitler in August 1944.
You go on to mention US military actions/invasions of other countries in the past while defending the Russian invasion. This is a logical inconsistency I've pointed out numerous times on this site: If you condemn US military invasions because of the many thousands of deaths they cause, morally you should also be condemning the Russian invasion which has also caused many tens of thousands of deaths. Compare the tens of thousands killed in Ukraine in the last year to the approximately 10 deaths a year (UN observers mission reports) on both sides in the Donbas in recent years from shelling.
How can anyone justify the Russian aggression when it's taken so many lives?
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@farzana6676 As long as the West continues to pump in the munitions Russia will not prevail, people keep overlooking the fact that Ukraine now has north of a million men underarms, the Russian active duty ground forces number (wait for it) 280,000. To rope in reserves and conscripts means involving the entire Russian population in a war that isn’t a war, Putin’s lies will be revealed, Putin has already burned through a substantial proportion of his frontline men and equipment. I expect the small local gains made in recent days by Ukraine forces to grow. Putin is increasingly relying on bombardment with artillery and missiles, nations, even Russia, don’t keep huge stocks of guided missiles, and soon he’s going to find the Ukrainians getting the munitions and surveillance to take out his artillery.
The West must limit its involvement though because if the West gets directly involved Putin will use it as propaganda to the Russian people, claiming the country needs defending, that Russia needs to go to war in its own defense. Better to leave Putin hanging on his own lie that it's not a war, a minor military operation on behalf of people in Ukraine, that way all of Russia will not commit to the conflict. For now Russia fights with Putin having tied one hand behind its back.
It's going to get difficult for Putin to get out, without further escalation, I fear he might escalate things by launching a false flag chemical attack against a Southern Russian city (after all, he's told Russians that Ukraine has chemical weapons) , that would then be used to justify a full Russian mobilization.
(cut and paste from a comment I made on another forum)
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What the Apollo program did differently to other proposed strategies was to dump hardware along the way. We launch rockrts using multiple stages to get rid of mass, so that, after each stage is separated, there is less mass to be accelerated by the remaining fuel.
Apollo took this strategy to the absolute limit. The Saturn V had 3 stages, the lunar lander had 2 stages, the service module was another stage, and, the command module that reentered Earth's atmosphere, was in effect the final stage, and the only piece that Nasa got back.
Calculating the changes in velocity required and achievable, using known values for rocket mass ratios and propellant exhaust velocities using the rocket equation isn't that difficult, any year 10 student proficient in math could do the sums, I've done the math.
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@mrghettodaddy7245 that's a ludicrous claim, to maintain such a pressure gradient vast quantities of air would need to be produced at ground level, there would literally need to be hurricane force winds coming up out of the ground, spread a tarpaulin over the ground and it would fly into the sky.
The lowest barometric pressures ever recorded at sea level are around 860 millibars. When such low pressures occur, hurricane force winds are created by the pressure gradient of 150 millibars over horizontal distances or hundreds of kilometers.
Between sea level and an altitude of 10km, there's a pressure gradient of 750mB, 5 times the difference in pressure across a tenth of the distance.
As I said, such a gradient would cause hurricane force winds.
Gravity, compressing the air lower in the atmosphere with the weight of the air above is what allows the stable pressure gradient we observe.
And from what are these vast quantities of air created at ground level created? As all this created air flys upwards into the sky, from high to low pressure, where does it disappear to? It can't remain under a dome, or air pressure would be rapidly increasing as a result of all the air created at ground level.
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@dangallagher6176 the traditionalists say a woman is an adult human female, for a very long time that's been the definition, Woodford argues that "woman" can include people with penises, and that is only the accepted definition for some people in the last couple of decades.
The traditional definition is straightforward.
Those who advocate Woodford's position aren't expanding the definition, they're creating a new definition, the traditionalist focus on mind and body, this new definition completely removes body from the definition.
That's completely different to the definition of castle, more like removing "large strongly constructed building" from the definition, it's removing the core of the definition, do that and any building is a castle.
So it's two definitions that now exist, traditionalists are not wrong, they're using a different definition, and as it's the established definition they're entitled to do so.
All a bit like arguing that people who use the old meaning of the word "cool" (cold) are wrong as the word really means great or fantastic.
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@BananaJunior11 I've decided in terms of sex I'll got with binary rather than bimodal.
There's male, female, and many intersex conditions, most of which are infertile and so are not sexes they're intersex.
The analogy I'll use is with two equine species. There are horses and zebras, each is a species, but between those two species you will find infertile hybrids, zorse (progeny of male zebra, female horse) and hebra (progeny of a male horse and female zebra).
These infertile hybrids are not species, so wouldn't be included on a graph showing equine species populations.
Not being included on a graph does not mean they do not exist, it just means they are not equine species, but they're still equines.
So in my opinion on a graph of human sexes intersex is not a sex, so not included, on a graph of human beings intersex people obviously are include.
The inclusion of intersex as sexes is not about science and logic, it's about affirmation.
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@CynicalHistorian I agree the axis hypothesis doesn't hold water. There is another geography based hypothesis that might be more sound.
For every organism to survive it needs a shell or similar barrier to protect it's body from invasion from other predatory organisms. The same principle applies to the cradles of civilization, go to Google maps and turn on the Terrain function. Each of the cradles of civilization were protected from conquest by terrain; Mountains, rivers, deserts, seas. Greek, Roman, Persian, Inca, Aztec, Japanese, Chinese they all had the defense of a natural geographic shell. Where those natural barriers were inadequate to protect a developing civilization they were often boosted with artificial barriers.
Now look at Africa, Australia and North America: relatively flat lands not broken up into smaller pockets (apart from the very North of Africa, which was protected to the South by desert and the North by sea). The geography of those three continents made them very easy for invaders, hard for defenders - as we saw with their colonization by the more technologically developed powers.
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