Comments by "Anders Juel Jensen" (@andersjjensen) on "Asianometry" channel.

  1. Small correction: Sodium Hydroxide is not an acid. Quite the contrary, it's a very strong base.
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  2. I hope you do a multipart series on AMDs history. It is truly fascinating. There are as many bold moves as there are instances of jeopardizing the company out of an insistence on treating employees like team members rather than consumables. That AMD survived from 2008 to 2014 is surreal in it's own right, and the comeback after that is even wilder.
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  3. YKKs classic all-metal "scoop" style zippers are the only ones that have never failed before the garment or footwear for me. Sure, most modern plastic zippers work great for low utilization stuff, but for jeans, jackets and boots I actively look for YKK. Fun fact: The Danish army insist on them.
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  4. As a programmer your videos about the never ending toils and tribunals of the lithography world reminds me not to wasteful with system resources. It's clear that at some point we're going to hit a wall called "physics don't care about your computing needs", so while I've seen stupendous performance gains from my Commodore 64 to my Ryzen 7950X3D that party is tapering off.
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  5. From the ultra pure sand used to make silicon wafers to the very-specific-size-grain sand used for concrete... thrown in with a Star Wars sand reference. Yup, Jon, you've become a Sand Nerd :P
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  6. Considering how much of an EV is battery cost then 10-30% cost reduction on the batteries could absolutely be worthwhile. Even if the energy density is a little less.
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  7.  @joefioti5698  No. Already back in the GeForce 3 days governments were freaking out because an off the self product was fast enough to do the job that had required application specific chips up until then. Missiles and drones can probably do perfectly fine with 90nm class shit. And I'd be surprised if there is any non-experimental fighter jets with anything better than 28nm chips in them.
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  8. As someone who's been following chip lithography for close to 3 decades: The next step is always "a major crisis". This started already in the early to mid 90s. And I think "we" learned from EUV to not put it off. That EUV was delayed by a decade just got the fabs to become insanely good at multi patterning. TSMCs N7 was an absolute bonkers smash-hit. It's only downside was that the hundreds of patterns made lead times enormously long. N6 uses DUV for almost everything, but has two critical layers moved to EUV. This, besides the small logic shrink, made it absurdly cost effective, and is the reason why AMD likes to do everything possible on N6. EUV vs High NA-EUV will probably be the same: They will figure out how to make sure they only use it for one or two layers in the beginning. If that's the action plan, then maybe a polarizing filter is financially viable.
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  9. I came for semi conductor tech but stayed for the well researched and delivered multitude of topics.... So the silicon bule analogy was welcome.
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  10. Prescott, also known as Preshot, was AMD's big opening. They'd realized that pushing for ever higher clockspeeds was a fool errands, and designed a much smarter pipeline that could execute many more instructions per clock cycle. It was the Athlon XP and it should have dominated the world. Why it didn't is a story best told by Jim from Adored TV.
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  11. The obvious flaw with comparing TSMC's RnD spending with Intel's is that Intel also designs a plethora of chips and software solutions. TMCS only has lithography, packaging and PDK development. Intel also has these on top of everything else. Alphabet and Meta seems to spend money on a lot of useless things "just in case it sticks".
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  12. Xilinx was known for their incredibly tight relationship with TSMC. AMD, having owned their own fabs previously, was already intimate with working directly with the lithography department, so they quickly ascended the same stairs with TSMC. Today AMD owns Xilinx, and it is speculated that their ultimate goal is to beat Apple to the leading edge and become the premier partner of TSMC. If that happens I think both Intel and Nvidia will be in long term trouble...
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  13. The semiconductor space offers little room for failure unless you're already one of the very biggest who can stomach a few years of faltering revenue.
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  14. This was largely correct, but I do remember three distinct times where ATI/AMD had the undisputed performance crown. The ATI 9700 PRO was the first of these that I owned.
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  15. Can't wait to see the "5 years from now" video in this saga. It's not that I learn anything new, I just like Jon's take on it.
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  16. TSMC N5 and N4 are not even fully EUV. Almost only the fins in the FinFETs are made with EUV. All the TSVs and most the routing layers are made with 193i. And the reason is simple: The wafer throughput is much much higher on 193i. So if a chip has 80 layers and only 5 of them are EUV and the rest are 193i you need, say, 1 EUV machine and 8 193i machines for the same throughput as 25 EUV machines would give you. Considering just how brutally more expensive the EUV machines are this is the difference of having a break-even after 3 years at full capacity or 30 years at full capacity.
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  17. I'm happy that the Dresden project is taking the "known good" route. The whole Chips Act always looked to me as a "If Intel keeps eating their crayons and sniffing their glue"-emergency-exit kind of mechanism.
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  18. Oh yeah! Keep them coming John! I want to know everything about this industry, and you're a top dollar educator on the subject! :D
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  19. It would be interesting if PDKs were made to follow a certain standard. Like XML or what have you. That way the "big professional stuff" and the open source stuff would be able to work with the leading edge nodes provided you're in the good graces of the leading foundries.
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  20. Of CAUSE we want to hear about DSA!
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  21. Bob Swan insisted that 10nm should both be an aggressive shrink of 2.3x instead of the usual cadence of 1.7x AND it should be cheaper to produce (by omitting EUV) than 14nm. By the time 10nm actually started ramping TSMC was well ahead on their N5 node that was denser and cheaper using EUV. They did better in two steps than Intel did in one, and they did it faster. Intel's next generation Arrow Lake will "initially" be made on TSMC N3 "until Intel can ramp production" of their own version. This is what happens when you sent a bean counter to do an engineers job.....
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  22.  @christopherkelley2061  If you need a base stronger than a fully saturated NaOH solution at 95C you're doing some seriously questionable things! :P
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  23. Ugh... I thought I knew the GloFo <-> AMD split pretty well... but I learned a good handful of things today! :D
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  24. This is exactly what trade sanctions and embargoes do, when applied to countries that aren't rotten poor: It breeds domestic innovation out of necessity. Telling North Korea they can't have this or that is not going to make a big difference, but trying to boss India or China round is an exercise in futility..... Especially when higher education is now international business and open to everyone.
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  25. Ah Jon! Another episode that's not just a home run, but knocks it clean out of the park! The realization that an optical gate can't be smaller than the wavelength of the light it operates on puts everything into perspective. I'm hoping for an episode on the research on room temperature super conductors and their implications for chip making!
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  26. That's pretty strange... Hold the guy at gun-point, get the chop, stamp the deal, and it's official. Be unable to get the chop: Nope. Nada. Nothing. Even though you're the group who mandated that he got the chop in the first place you can't do shit without... the chop!
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  27. With the work you do I really hope TSMC will give you a tour of a legacy node fab. Hell is going to freeze over before they'll let you into a leading edge fab, let alone with a camera, but since the general process, from a high level perspective, is still the same, it would still be insanely interesting to see the whole thing, and I don't know anyone I'd rather have narrate it than you.
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  28. The sound is a bit harsh in this episode... But the content is top dollar as usual. You're like the EUV version of tech journalism! :P
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  29. If graphene can reach hundreds of GHz or even THz then it doesn't matter if power consumption goes up by 50x. The reason the transistor count is so absurdly high in today's CPUs and GPUs is because of the lack of switching speed. You roughly speaking need to increase transistor count by 70% to increase IPC (instructions per clock) by 15%. So a Pentium sized chip at 1THz would run rings around a modern core while still using significantly less power. Of cause, if the transistors can also be made as small (or thereabout) as today's leading silicon nodes, then the area of a Pentium would shrink to a pin-prick.
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  30. Your impression of "Internet Experts" was spot on! :D
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  31. On the other hand... those are exactly the kind of word-barfs you hear from people who do not get promoted due to personality issues. I happen to be "one of those people". But rather than bitch about it I've simply accepted that only certain kinds of people should be on my team, and that I should never be put in a position where I have to be "the considerate fatherly type" to make things go smoothly. I don't do smooth. I do effective. People on my team must naturally prefer extreme directness bordering on the outright blunt. "Yes" means "Yes", "No" means "No" and "This approach sucks" does NOT mean "You're a failure as a human being and I hate you now so please go and hang yourself". It means "This approach sucks. We must find another. Any ideas?". The upside is that my team is never late. We get frequent bonuses and extra days off, and our personel turnover is practically zero. People either ask to be transfered within the trial period of three months, or they stick around forever. And management has gotten increasingly good at figuring out who's a good candidate for my team. In return for never advancing I've gotten my own little kingdom. Upper management stays out of my hair, and I stay out of theirs. It's a win-win for everyone when not-at-all-people-persons acknowledge their shortcomings and just collect the other blunt/weird/awkward rejects and make a team out of them. And it can come as no surprise to anyone that in the tech fields there are quite a few who somehow traded social skills for technical prowess.
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  32. I have no objections to the correctness of the statement, but I did not expect that particular delivery.
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  33. AMD's 3D V-Cache technology was the first product to market using the direct-copper method. It was, apparently, a rather deep collaboration with TSMC that stretched several years. The Zen 2 based chips (Ryzen 3000 series) were equipped with the receiving pads for the V-Cache, but the yields were absolutely atrocious so it was never marketed, but by Zen 3 TSMC and AMD had figured it out. By making the V-Cache on N6 and the chips on N7 they had a match that yielded right, and the rest is history.
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  34. We're really pushing the boundaries for what can be done. I wonder when technologies get so advanced that human ability to manage project complexity becomes the limiting factor.
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  35. Nice episode John :) I'm totally hooked on your deep dive into semi conducter manufacturing, so please, by all means, go on and explore every little nook and cranny. Methods, techniques, history of development, supply chain, global impact, etc, etc. It's all ace, as you're good at structuring an interesting narrative and delivering with impeccable pacing. 10/10.
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  36. "Everything that can be weaponized will be weaponized" -- Russia.
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  37. Heeey, mah man? I watched the cultured pearls video and enjoyed it! That said, I'm sorry for Abu's loss. They'll never make that back. But I'm happy that AMD got out. "Real men" or not they have certainly lit a fire under Intel, which was sorely needed.
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  38. It got pretty close to a "Hell naw!"....
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  39. But therein lies a problem: Something like Global Foundries 14nm process is so damn cheap per wafer today that mucking about with 42nm is pointless. 14nm is about four times as dense as 42nm, so you get four times as many chips per wafer. And when your chips are only a quarter the size the packaging gets cheaper, etc, etc. Micron, Samsung Foundry, SK Hynix, Global Foundries, UMC, TSMC and many many more are already 14nm capable. And the automotive market is already shifting towards 10/12nm for the infotainment systems.. Investing in 42nm today is utterly pointless, as there is already excess production capability in that area.
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  40. For those of you interested in learning more about MEMS I can highly recommend this video by New Mind: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iPGpoUN29zk It doesn't cover as much of the economic detail, but has some rather fascinating use cases.
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  41. They were twice as much in debt as they got for GloFo. There was no other option. They even sold their head quarters and rented them back. At the worst months, just before Zen went into mass production, engineers had to vacuum their own offices and cubicles because there was no money for anything but the most basic of sanitary musts. So no, it wasn't "sort of justified". It was that, or no AMD. It wasn't until 2021 they became debt free, which was what gave them the breathing room to purchase Xilinx, which required them to take up a loan of $2.5B along with converting Xilinx stocks into AMD stocks at favorable rates. They have brought the debt down to $1.7B since.
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  42. Standing ovation Sir! And it's a miracle that you didn't break your tongue at the Polish guys name! :P
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  43. Except they aren't simple components. They're the most technologically advanced thing humans have ever mass produced. And they're only financially viable because they need to be produced in such bonkers numbers.
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  44. The difference being that in Russia some actually believed in communism. The Chinese "communism" was always, at every level of design, doctrine and implementation, about creating an elite that had an excuse for living in luxury while telling the peasants that this is what social justice looks like.
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  45. Last I heard TSMC is introducing N3E which is "only" a 60% density shrink as opposed to the standard 70%, but it's already yield ramping right. This shouldn't be a big issue since N5 was already a bigger leap over N7 than normal. 84% in the best cases actually. So from N7 to N3, on average, follows the 70% density shrink every two years.
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  46. Crappy stuff from H&M always has the flimsiest plastic SBS zippers, and they sell A LOT of almost single-use clothes.
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  47. And this is one of the few times Microsoft actually did the right thing: they were ON it like a whiz. They had caught wind that Intel would partner with HP and their HPUX as the server operating system of choice for Itanium. Microsoft didn't like that one bit, and put all hands on deck to make a good x86_64 compiler and port Windows to the new instruction set extension.
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  48. Jesus we've been hanging in there with multipaterning for a long time. TSMC N7 is the last iteration that didn't use EUV. Even N6, which is only a 18% density increase over N7, uses EUV for the critical layers.
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  49. Thanks. I've never known much about Korea's political history. This was very interesting.
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  50. The 60mm Vulcan can take out a tank. And when it was designed it could take out mostly any tank with only 2-3 hits. But it's primary purpose today is to be "a remote general terrain fuckupifyer". It is especially effective against troops and vehicles under tree canopies. The relatively large spread combined with the stupid high rate of fire makes it ideal for "somewhere around there there is something we don't like - could you make it go away please?" type defending of ground troops. It is, obviously, equally effective at denying area access.
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  51. Your coverage of the silicon tech-sphere is really damn good! I've gotten SO much more gems here than I've been able to scrounge up any where else combined. Thanks a lot! :D
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  52.  @dokkiro  Leaving a critical comment before watching the video is precisely why there are flat-earthers, anti-vaxxers and other kinds of tin foil hats all over the internet. Please don't do it.
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  53.  @clintcowan9424  Moore's law is an observation that turned into a cadence target. Moore actually revised it twice in the early years. And, depending on how exactly you interpret it, it tapered off a decade ago. But it is precisely quantum phenomena that starts screwing things up. Since electrons have this uncanny habit of "teleporting" themselves through barriers classical physics say they can't penetrate, at a certain point the thickness of the oxide insulator, needed for ever smaller gates, becomes a problem. We're already having massive leakage problems. Once we start reaching those thicknesses that is going to get exponentially worse.
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  54. "I'm not sure what worries more. The fact that we just lost a nuke or the fact that it has happened so often we have an established protocol for it..."
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  55. You have no idea how happy it makes me that you acknowledge Jon's work! Ever since I found his channel I've been wondering like crazy why it hasn't completely blown up in subscriber count yet.
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  56. Same. The Danish army insist on them, so after 17 years in the service, and never having one fail on me, it rubbed off on me and it's one of the few areas where I'm actually brand loyal.
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  57.  @arthurswanson3285  It works well for people whith well structured communication... the rambly types aught to shut up and just press "next" on the slide when everyone has raised their hand to signal they're done reading! :P
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  58. Yet another interesting and informative episode Jon. Thanks! Your cadence/pacing is always on point and your level of high level vs low level detail is just right.
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  59. The American union story, in general, is a sad protracted saga of continuous absurd self sabotage.
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  60. Dude is Taiwanese, not Chinese. And he is fair and balanced in his videos on any topic regardless which country he is talking about. Go watch his video on how Japan temporarily got a prominent lead in the semiconductor race.
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  61. LOL... my brain read that as "Meat grader conference", so I was rather befuddled that it wasn't a butcher show of some sort.
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  62. 17:12 Sorry, but Nvidia does not have any stacked die products yet. They took out a patent on their flavour of it in late 2021, but has not brought it to market yet. HBM is the only industry standard component that uses die stacking, and Nvidia does use those (just the same as AMD and Intel), but they're produced by Micron, SK Hynix or Samsung. The only other product that uses die stacking is the AMD chips that end in "X3D". I felt that was a needed clarification as the wording "die stacked chips like our modern Nvidia AI accelerators" was unclear to the point of being misleading.
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  63. Excellent structure and pacing to an excellent topic... as always :)
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  64. 3D-stacked variants are already out for Zen 4 as well.
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  65. Intel shipped the original Pentum with a serious calculation bug. As in, you could trigger it in a simple spread sheet...
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  66.  @10001000101  Room temperature superconductors won't help us unless we also find lower leakage gates and a much faster switching semiconductor. And even then we eventually run into the problem that signals propagate at the speed of light (in that medium), so if we want faster... there is only smaller distances to help us, as we cant speed up light.
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  67.  @brodriguez11000  I have a few minor contributions in the Linux kernel. Hardware is outright hostile, and debugging is frustration as an olympic disciplin. Software, while as error prone as math, has incredibly powerful development and debugging tools. The problem just is that if something is comparatively easy, humans push the envelope until it becomes hard.
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  68. He didn't "ignore" it... he probably just didn't know, or didn't particularly feel like listing every place where it's popular. Reading the comments it seems to be a bit of a world phenomenon. I'm Danish, and don't even eat noodles unless I'm at an Asian restaurant, and I recognized the brand...
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  69.  @phuang3  It could be done. That is precisely how their 10nm works. But it's a more expensive node today than TSMC N3 is. Intel 10nm uses SO many double and quadruple patterning steps that any gain in not shelling out for EUV machines gets lost many times over in wash and etch steps.
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  70. The entire point of mechanical watches is exclusivity. It is, strictly speaking, like owning a steam powered vehicle. It makes no technological sense but some will think it's pretty cool. Especially if it's very well made for what it is. So to answer your question: The quality of a (good) mechanical watch is that it is actually very hard to make them keep time to within a second a week, and to make them durable they use (artificial) rubies as bearings, as that's the only solution to not constantly having to relubricate the watch. So you buy something that something that is hard to make for the sake of being hard to make. This is all by design. There is nothing being muddied here. You just happen to find it pointless. If you like the look of a nice watch, go get quartz mechanism that looks nice to you. If doesn't have to be particularly "up market" to last for decades with only a battery every 3-4 years, and a new watch glass once in a while because scratches are a thing.
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  71.  @achangyw  The quote given about how quiet the room went when he asked for actual commitment is pretty close to saying "hell naw" in my book :P
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  72. "The chip hipsters" is the phrase of the week. Thanks for the chuckle! :D
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  73.  @magfal  Honestly I think we get our uniforms made in the same factory.
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  74. Samsung's best high volume node is about on par with Intel's (don't let the marketing names fool you). It's TSMC that's the hard nut to crack for Intel.
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  75.  @0xdeadbabe240  The point being that developing the tools to make DUV lithography is a dead end. Both Canon, Nikon and ASML makes DUV steppers and can deliver on request. Building a factory to build home grown steppers with a sub-par throughput is just bonkers. These are steppers that are going to be in less and less demand. I can certainly get behind the idea of competing for next-gen steppers that will ramp up in production over the next decade... But investing so heavily in something that is on the way out is... weird. Looks more like a pride thing than something with financial thinking behind it. Also I'm fairly certain that the majority of those 350 billion worth of imported chips are made on the advanced nodes. It's not like SMIC is a small fry with insignificant throughput. And both TSMC and GloFo has foundries in China too. So there is plenty of domestic production. There is plenty of opportunity to hold shares in domestic production.... but it's that pride thing, isn't it? It needs to be "purely Chinese", no matter if it makes sense or not, doesn't it?
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  76. This was a really great analysis. I'm very interested in Taiwan (since I'm an IT Tech and self proclaimed computer nerd since the early 90s) and this perfectly summed up why "made in Taiwan" has always had an entirely different ring to it than "made in China". Not to dunk on Chinese goods in general, but goods from Taiwan has just always been more... well.. competitive.. and somehow expresses a better understanding of the needs of their target audience. Calling modern Taiwanese culture "to some extend a mix of Japanese and Chinese" drove it home for me. Also: Your granddad sounds like he was everything a granddad should be!
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  77. So my ears didn't deceive me? What do they use cats for in the oil refinery business? Like they used canaries in the coal mines? "If the cat dies you RUN!" :P
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  78. Because you're a nerd like the rest of us.
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  79.  @Baulder13  I agree! Jon is in a league of his on in this field.
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  80.  @Gameboygenius  Team Blue has gotten themselves a CEO who's a silicon designer and not a bean counter. Patrick Gelsinger knows that Intel lives and dies with their ability to fabricate. Personally I think they should've stuck with Bob Swan for another two-three years to make sure they really got down on one knee before they get up again... but alas, it is what it is, and Intel is looking to monopolize the market again... That they'll have the 5200 before TSMC is actually kind of worrisome...
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  81. China is reaching that because the government pumps in an ungodly amount of money. The same government also gets ripped off by scam after scam in the high tech field... it's hard to figure out whom to trust apparently.
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  82. Thanks John :) This was really interesting!
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  83.  @ralanham76  I don't have a protocol for what I'll do if my house suddenly explodes. I served 17 years in the army and we didn't have a protocol ALL the food we were provided was suddenly bad. The manual just stipulated that if a food item was bad it was to be replaced with a good one, inventory inspected for further cases and HQ be notified in case it was a wider problem. Nobody considered it plausible that it would ever happen that ALL of it had gone bad. My point is: Protocols are developed when the seemingly unlikely becomes reality. I guarantee you that the first time a nuke was lost everyone went "uh.. NOW what?".
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  84. As a Dane who's country was completely occupied by German forces very early in the war I'm just incredibly grateful that Denmark, at the time, had little strategic importance. We did have a few stray bombs the British were aiming at the SS head quarters in Copenhagen that unfortunately hit a girls school in the day time, but in the grand scheme of what war time can mean we only got a proverbial scraped knee, where others broke limbs and lost lives.
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  85. Someone with a bit of status said it wrong and then everyone just went with it. That's why half of all Americans say "nookeelar" instead of nuclear.
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  86. Ahem... didn't you forget the obligatory "I'll see myself out" at the end of that barage? :P
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  87. Yup. Jon doesn't "milk the content", which is why his videos are almost always my first pick of the day. He only gets to "yield the throne" for Clickspring and Bad Obsession Motorsport, but since I'm lucky if I get 4-5 episodes a year from them he generally sits quite comfortably on the royal chair :P
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  88. "This theory takes for granted a force that works instantaneously over infinite distances. Only a madman could ever belive such a thing" -- Sir Issac Newton..... About his own theory of gravity that stood unchallenged for 228 before Einstein published general relativity, which can be reduced to Newtons formular with a "+ G" added at the end. I think that still holds the record for that particular millennium, as far as understating the importance of your own work goes.
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  89.  @goa141no6  I don't know where you get your info but they certainly don't match neither Intel's nor AMDs earnings reports.
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  90.  @Longlius  That is a short term benefit but a long term disaster. Chip lithography is a brutal business where you start off making high value products but 6-8 years later you're making crap for toys and appliances. If you do not constantly push for more advanced nodes you're basically eating the company from the inside.
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  91. The next 30 years is where it gets REALLY interesting :D
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  92. Yeah. "Fact milking" makes me absolutely furious.
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  93. When a company buys back it's own stocks the outstanding stocks just become that much more valuable. It's the opposite with stock splits. You own one, the company splits, and now you own two at the same combined value. For some utterly strange reason humans don't want to trade things that costs a few cents, despite being able to trade millions of them at a time. And quite obviously if a single stock costs millions a lot of traders can't participate. So you want your stock price "to look nice" to as wide an audience as possible. Buybacks and splits are mechanisms to do that, but neither alter the actual value of the company.
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  94. Next up: How AMD is changing TSMC. Since Apple leaves behind massive amounts of almost-cutting-edge capacity each year TSMC would like a costumer who do not just take market share from other ARM players. They want someone who competes in markets TSMCs existing customers are not in.... But TSMCs processes have long been focused solely on density and power efficiency. Not so much raw clock speed. Now where AMD have proven themselves thoroughly and gobbled up nearly all the capacity HiSilicon left behind, TSMC have a vested interest in reducing leakage at higher voltages to accommodate AMDs needs. AMD needs processes that function equally well at the ultra portable level, the high power demand of desktop chips as well as the ever so finely tuned balance between power and performance in data center chips. That N3 does not use GAA may or may not be indicative of this, but critical voices have raised concern that GAA, while producing faster switching transistors, has unsatisfactory leakage levels at higher voltages.
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  95.  Kikilcom 88  TSMC spends around $4.2B per fully equipped leading edge node fab if they have to break ground, and about $3.8B if they just clear out a legacy fab and furnish it with the latest goodies from ASML, Tokyo Electric and Applied Materials. So no matter how you slice it $15B is a healthy sum. TSMC is building 5 fabs in 22 and 23 combined for reference. If the worlds absolute honking giant expects to be able to keep up with demand with 5 new fabs over two years then the almost 4 fabs you can get for $15B isn't just "a peanut in a zoo". That's a sizeable start.
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  96. Apparently cats are an integral part of oil refinery. They show up many weird places. In medical, for instance, they apparently use cats for scanners. No idea how that works either....
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  97. I expected him to go make some kind of statement about how a bomb differs from a cow. Now people might confuse the two...
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  98.  @Syomiti  Nope. It's similar in my own language as well though. Danes pronounce the candy bar brand Snickers as "sneakers". Most people here are fluent and literary in English, yet this cultural little gem (or turd if you will) remains. The reason I know about the theory behind it is because a psychologist gave a lecture on it. They had made a fake scenario where people thought they were at a job interview and "the important person" pronounced something wrong... and more than 75% just started pronouncing it that way for the duration of the interview.
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  99.  @phuang3  They aimed for 2.7x but reached 2.3x. Since Intel does foundry service now so the density of their 10nm is publicly known. They have an ungodly amount of capacity for it, that they're moving off themselves now, and still no customers because it is so expensive. It was a recurring topic at yesterdays investor call......
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  100. STANDING OVATION! Absolutely stellar episode! And 10 thumbs up for the use of applicable meme material! :D
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  101.  @gregvanpaassen  That all consumer electronics are lead free today is paying dividends in recycling. Many electronics recycling processes need to use organic solvents and acids. Those two in combination with lead is the perfect way to get organically bound lead. You know, the stuff that has been proven since the 50s to accumulate in humans and animals leading to heavy metal poisoning. The very reason we stopped using lead as a fuel additive and in pesticides... Not everything you don't understand is done by "bureaucrats who has no sense". Sometimes it's done by "bureaucrats who listened to the leading experts" and, unfortunately, sometimes it's done by "bureaucrats who listened to special interest groups representing greedy corporations"... Like that one time where no less than 24 CEOs from various tobacco companies swore under oath that nicotine is not addictive...
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  102. Taiwan's official name is Republic of China. China's official name is People's Republic of China.
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  103. Fascinating topic as always Jon! :D
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  104. There are many MANY semiconductor technologies that were proven in the lab several decades before they became commercially viable. One thing is to do it. Another thing is to do it with such low defect density that you can build anything useful with it. And another thing, yet again, is to be able to do that at several hundred wafers per hour with a method that can be "copy/pasted" to many production lines spanning several fabs.
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  105. If you like being presented with math problems that seriously bake your noodle for several hours before you finally crack it: Do it! If you hate the problem solving part and just want to get to the dopamine rush, from getting the solution, quickly.... keep playing computer games.
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  106.  @jrherita  No, that was several generations later. Bulldozer/Piledriver was a desperate attempt at selling cheaply but still making livable margins.
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  107. But that's the thing. By focusing on easier nodes they can get the basic infrastructure up and start generating revenue which, with a bit of lube, could attract the big players, which makes it financially viable to go the last (and hardest) mile with infrastructure.
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  108. Man the semi business is a dangerous place. It's a lot like the famous D&D quote: "Do not meddle in the affairs of dragons, fore you are crunchy and good with ketchup".
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  109. We can all be very thankful that Intel did not mange to cram WiMAX down everyone's throat....
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  110. TSMC is building in the US and is in talks about building in Japan. The US and Japan are the only ones who're actively telling China that they will intervene if China tries to invade Taiwan. For once it sucks to be a European. We're lagging behind here. China has been out of line for far too long. And Taiwan should've been recognized as a sovereign nation internationally a long time ago. In my book it can't happen fast enough to get Taiwan on the UN council and to become a NATO member. That should stabilize things rather quickly...
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  111. Most people think they're a local brand, as YKK has factories all over the world :P
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  112. In case you haven't noticed. This video is flagged "Unlisted".. that's an oversight, isn't it?
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  113. It does work for labour intensive tasks. If you employ a ton of people there is equally going to be a need for the support roles like cleaning, building maintenance, cantina service, etc, which further supports local agriculture and other markets. But when you have 10 brainiacs and a huge automated plant... not so much.. especially not if all the materials said plant works with are so specialized that they can't be produced locally.
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  114. 3:32 "It comes from the power supply". Uh, minor correction/elaboration. It solely comes from the VRMs. The PSU delivers 3.3V, 5V and 12V, all of which will absolutely fry a modern CPU, so no PSU voltage goes straight to the socket. On modern motherboards the VRM components are a non-trivial part of the total cost. Being able to deliver several hundred amps at very low voltages is costly. But every power domain relating directly to CPU, chipset and memory requires (a lot) less than 3.3V, so a lot of stepping down is required. What remains to be seen is if Intel will manage to execute this time around. Every node since their 10nm (now called Intel 7) has been delayed and underperformed once ready. My gut feeling is that TSMC, who's no stranger to taking leaps of faith, is right in splitting GAA off from BPD to make sure they get each right and have time to thoroughly tune the EDA for each. You can have the best node in the universe, but it will be useless if your engineers (or customers engineers) can't properly design for it.
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  115. I'm not a financial advisor, but the reason that TSMC isn't crazy over valued like some other tech companies is probably that they're enormously predictable in their future income. They book wafer agreements 3-5 years in advance, build fabs that can fulfill that demand and then run them at ever lower margins until they're "worn out". This means they can't suddenly invent a hot new thing and become the latest fad overnight. But they have consistently delivered on their profit projections, and since they produce for every player in the AI space (Even Intel is using them for their NPUs, instead of using their own fabs for that), Apple, a hefty portion of the Android phone market, and most the PC space in general, I think you could do worse than buy TSMC stock. That is, if you buy stocks to generate passive income. If you buy stocks in the hope they'll gain value, so you can sell them for a profit, then TSMC is probably not the best bet.
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  116. Every colonial rule was much more brutal than anyone really likes to remember. But for the places where the effects of colonization has left the countries devastated to this day there is, obviously, a greater will to remember. Places where the decolonization went smoothly and/or left the natives better off in the end obviously want to focus on the positive. And colonization or not, a hundred years ago EVERY country was a brutal asshole. Genocide, torture of war prisoners, military plunder, etc, was just more water under the bridge. It wasn't until after WWII that everyone was going "Uh, how about we stop this madness?".
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  117. "Yes. But not at prices and yields that are acceptable".
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  118. N4 is just a normal half step. The reason they specifically mention N6 is that it's a quite cost optimized half step of N7. That is, it doesn't improve much on density, but it is 100% design compatible with N7, has better yields and costs less because some critical layers have been moved from multi patterning on DUV to single layer EUV. Don't quote me on it, but I've heard a 20% reduction in wafer price with yields in the 99.xx% range while cutting 5 days off the lead time.
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  119. They have also, unfortunately, also stuffed up massively several times because they wanted a proprietary format for those sweet sweet monopoly dollars.
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  120.  @testman9541  If by medium teeth you mean the size typically used in jeans I beg to differ. I've never had one of those fail before the fabric in the crotch area was worn through.
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  121.  @testman9541  "The crotch are wearing out and not being replaceable is not acceptable to me either"... have you ever owned jeans? They're made of cotton, not adamantium. And how would they sew the pants so that area is replaceable without it looking goofy? I mean, you have no less than four seems joining up in that area. And it's the area that constantly rubs on itself unless you walk like you shit your pants...
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  122. And AMD's latest chiplet innovation is 3D V Cache which stacks additional cache on top of the base chiplet.
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  123.  @m2heavyindustries378  It makes perfect Chinese sense: "Our scientists are not nationalistic enough and recommend that we buy our lasers from Lithuania. Quick! Make up a reason to print in the news paper about how Lithuania is a racist/bigot/discriminating/infringing state that hates China so we can tell our scientists they need to work 80 hours a week to develop the lasers we need!" It is a clearly defined goal of the Chinese government to attempt to end all imports of any kind. Everything should be Chinese made in China. And most things should be Chinese made in the rest of the world.
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  124.  @me0101001000  TSMC is in part owned by it's own clients. Continuing to push semiconductor technology has gotten exponentially more expensive each generation, so I honestly think that TSMC will eventually become a client owned state licensed monopoly. That is, TSMC will forever be barred from entering any other market than chip manufacturing and advanced packaging and will have a maximum allowable profit margin in exchange for servicing every chip design company in the world.
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  125. X-rays are notoriously hard to reflect as they penetrate most things. Also I've been told that creating a photo-resist compound for x-ray lithography is pretty hard. Not because it's hard to find a material that crumbles when exposed to x-rays, but be cause it's hard to find a material that crumbles, but doesn't let x-rays through to destroy the previously made features.
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  126. The next phase is Large Aperture EUV. So same light source but much bigger mirrors with tighter focal points. This gives a smaller Critical Dimension. Small enough that there is no point going beyond that because quantum fuzziness will start fucking with us big time. So the next big leap is not to go smaller, but to go both more energy efficient on the transistors themselves and to start stacking multiple layers of transistor patterns. They're also researching using carbon nanotubes for connecting the transistors. Currently about 50% of a microprocessors power consumption is plain routing. Stacking things or connecting them with a much better conductor are both avenues to reclaim some of that loss.
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  127.  @SianaGearz  The advantage of smaller transistors is faster switching time (higher frequency chips) and faster signalling between each transistor (signals propagate at the speed of light). The first disadvantage is greater leakage (wasted power), but this is partly offset by the better voltage/frequency curve. That is to say: if we only "harvest" some of the frequency gain in exchange for lower operating voltage it's still a net gain. The power density problem is not inherent to node shrinks. It's inherent to competition. Laptop chips run at 15W and get like 80% the performance of their 65W desktop cousins. We still make chips about the same size all the time, so the cooling area remains much the same. We just cram more transistors (which each use less power) into the same size package for a net performance gain.
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  128. Blocking google, facebook, instagram, twitter and porn sites is what it is.... but blocking wikipedia is decisively nasty. Not just because it blocks access to existing knowledge, but because it blocks the Chinese people from building an encyclopedia of their own, which is not (necessarily) "sanctioned by comity" at every level.
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  129. Intel is a massive client of ASML. They also happen to own a large stock option in ASML. As do TSMC and Samsung. This is very common in big business. If someone become a critical supplier of an entire industry, nobody wants them to just twist the arms of everyone, so stock-swapping is carried out.
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  130. Nope. No dudettes to distract the best dudes. The best dudes are highly intellectual nerds who have fully devoted themselves to highest tier of technical monkhood. They're not very well acquainted with bodily needs and often find it very distressing to be confronted with the fact that they are, in fact, not just biological computers. So no dudettes in the tech monastery. And specifically and categorically no dudettes in miniskirts! Not even if they work in accounting!
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  131. You can be 100% sure he was not allowed to bring in any recording devices. All photos in this episode where ASML's own.
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  132. Those are going to be heavy as fuck... Uranium weighs 19g/cm3. Lithium weighs 0.54g/cm3.
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  133. TBF, ASML does not have a PR policy that is focused on small time youtubers. It's not exactly like a super positive mention by Jon is going to secure them new customers. That they even let him in is more an acknowledgement of his work explaining chip lithography to laymen than anything else. And considering how closely guarded the IP of these machines are, that's no small acknowledgement.
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  134. The concept of standard cells still live on, but today there is so much software aid on the hard design that the finished product is a far cry from the Lego like approach of VLSI. And today the concept has moved to IP blocks. That is basically the same approach done differently: keep complexity down by segmenting out functionality blocks, but keep things flexible with standard interfaces for those blocks.
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  135.  @Kawitamamayi  Oh trust me when I say he frustrates the IT crowd too. But I think he does it on purpose by now :P
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  136. 1999.. The year: The Matrix came out along with Fight Club and Pulp Fiction Napster was first released SpongeBob SquarePants aired for the first time Putin became president of Russia and invaded Chechnya Uh... I think 1999 was the year where the timeline fucked up...
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  137. That is exactly how AMD's 3D-Vcache works. There is nothing but SRAM on the chiplet (and of cause the connecting pins) so the gate patterning can be optimized solely for that layout.
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  138. I loved your dry humour at the end! :D
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  139.  @justinliu7357  I'm not small minded. I'm autistic. There's a key difference between being annoyed by emotions and thinking that only ones own emotions are valid (aka being toxic). But as I stated above, someone like me should not be boss. I'm technical chief on my team and my right hand man (whom I've worked with for 22 years) handles personel details and upper management for precisely this reason.
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  140. This is known and expected in the industry. And the usual way to get around it is that once people get good enough to work on the seriously important stuff they sign a period specific NDA in exchange for a golden handshake and a looong vacation when they leave. The lead times in the high tech fields is often close to five years. So just being cut out of the loop for 18 months before you're allowed to work in the exact same field for someone else pretty much takes the sting off. You'll have fallen enough behind, and you'll end up in the middle of a product development cycle when many things are already set in stone, or you'll end up at the beginning of a product development cycle with 18 months old info. My buddy is a sales engineer at a crane company. If he gets fired he will get 70% of his salary for 12 months (on top of his new salary), but cannot work with price projecting of crane projects. That doesn't mean he can't work on, say, designing a new hydraulic system for some specific type of crane. He just can't work for a competitor in a way that would put his former employer at a serious disadvantage. Being able to undercut every contract bid by precisely 0.5% (knowing the internal prices of the former place by heart) would not only be unfair to his former job, but also unfair to the customers who expect bids to be given "blind". Each company has to guess at the level of competition they think they are facing and make a competitive bid. Not doing so is considered price fixing. But in the above case it would effectively be price fixing for the customer and a practical monopoly for the new employer.
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  141.  @johnl.7754  Nope. TSMC (Based in Taiwan) holds just over 50% of the global semiconductor production market share, with Taiwan in general holding about 66%. TSMC is also about 1.5 node-shrink ahead of of the second most advanced producer (Intel). So Taiwan, as a whole, is the leader in both quantity and technology.
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  142. AMD was also the first to market with the direct-copper bonding method: The 5800X3D. It was originally planned for Zen 2, which even had the connecting pads, but the yields were terrible, so it wasn't brought to market.
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  143. "Fabbing". But yes, it is actual industry lingo. Now get your mind out of the gutter! :P
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  144.  @あなた以外の誰でもない  Or perhaps the Taiwanese just like not having their internet censored. Or having a "social credit" score. Or having every "news outlet" effectively be a one-sided propaganda machine.... In fact, I don't even think their government need to spend much on anti-CCP campaigning since the Taiwanese already enjoy higher standards of living, better working conditions and a whole lot less "great leaps forward". And TSMC can't "just help China". TSMC has EUV tech because they're licensed to be a client of ASML. And ASML signed a contract with the US to get EUV, which require honouring US technology export regulations. But since you bring it up: even if TSMC could help China they most certainly wont. Just look at the vile methods SMIC tried because TSMC wouldn't botch. And this was well before EUV. TSMC don't want to help China because they have a brain. They full well understand that if China gets TSMC's capabilities they will lose billions right away.
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  145. It would be much more interesting if they managed to make the first trailing node cheap as fuck. Most people, companies and institutions don't need the very best. The second best at a fraction of the price is often a very sweet proposition.
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  146. LOL! Yeah, solving the problem by shooting droplets of tin at black powder revolver speeds and hitting them twice with two different laser systems (with each their own complexities) sounds like a Nicola Tesla solution all right. Doing it 50,000 times a second without missing a beat?... That sounds more like Edison! :P
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  147. The agreement that the youth needs "proper political perspective" irks me to say the very least. That's exactly the method every ruthless regime in history has resorted to. That's how you foster a rigid doctrine that cannot be questioned without dire consequences. And history has shown us that it is precisely the things that can't be questioned... that needs constant questioning!
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  148. Your voice sounds strained in this episode... I hope you didn't take that bonehead, who said you sounded boring, too seriously. I'd personally rather listen to someone who sounds relaxed and with a bit slower pacing, as it gives me more time to reflect on what is being said.
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  149. You're right, but the way you worded the second part it becomes hard for laymen to understand that when you say "charges" you're not referring the act of "charging up the battery" but rather referring to "the amount of Coulombs". So for anyone curious: Watt (rate of electricity consumption) = Joules/second ("energy chucks per time unit") Watthours (total electricity consumption) = Joules/second * 3600 seconds (so the seconds cancel out and you're left with 3600 Joules) However, Watt is also equal to Volts * Amps (sorry physics teachers for the laymanified notation). This means that when you have a, say, 3.7V battery rated for 1000mAh of capacity you just multiply the two to get it in mWh, which in this case is 3,700mWh. Then divide by 1000 to remove the "milli" part and you're left with 3.7Wh, or divide by 1000 again to get to the kWh you're used to from your electric bill. In this case 0.0037kWh. But here's the catch: What I just said is complete nonsense... Because a battery does not deliver it's rated voltage from 100% to 0% capacity. The voltage will decline as the battery discharges. This means that you will, in fact, not get 3.7Wh our of the example above. The battery will start at 3.7V but end at around 2.2V (I'm using my Vape battery as an example) before it's sufficiently "flat" to not be able to drive my "device". And that's the reason why battery capacity is measured in amp-hours (or milliamp-hours for small stuff), as the Watt-hour approach "is bogus" despite it looking more familiar. You can, however, go V * mAh * 3/4 and get a reasonable approximation for modern lithium batteries. "The constant" will change depending on the battery technology, but I've rambled on for long enough, so I'll spare you all for a lecture on the implications of a battery's internal resistance and how that directly relates to Ohm's Law.
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  150. I'm not 100% he thought of that perspective himself.
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  151. Laser in itself does not cause debris. Hitting things so hard with lasers that they turn into plasma causes debris. They're basically "boiling" the tin droplets so hard they turn hotter than "white hot". Think "super heated tin steam". But once the temperature drops some it turns back into tin... where ever it ended up after being vaporized.
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  152. Yeah, I laughed at the slip-up too :P
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  153.  @TheNefastor  That's just North/West European tradition pretty much... I have more paid vacation than ASML employees, and I'm just a lowly IT Tech who makes sure e-mail mail servers remember to check the stamps...
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  154. Funny that you pasta a gigantic blurb on a channel that just did a deep dive on Nano Imprint Lithography (and getting the acronym wrong in the frist line). While the technology is certainly interesting and many things can be speculated about it there is still the giant elephant in the room: Can it scale to the speeds needed to compete? Can it obtain per-wafer costs that can compete? Fail in either of those two and the technology will be relegated to countries that can't get an EUV permit... So China, Iran, Saudi Arabia, North Korea, Russia and the other usual suspects. And those countries will in practice be forced to only service their own markets as TSMC, UMC, Samsung and Intel Foundry Service (Global Foundries seems to have rage-quit on the EUV race) continue to make the latest high end chips at competitive prices and volume.
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  155.  @Syomiti  Yeah, that's about right. Longer "i" in Jutland and Fyn than in Copenhagen. But the tendency for ck to become gg is spot on :D
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  156.  @vulpo  Funnily enough Firefox stores its settings in a .sqlite file. SQLite is a runtime library that can give every application SQL functionality. It also happens to be the worlds most widespread SQL implementation, since it's pretty fast and only takes up 699KB of memory/disk space.
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  157.  @foobarf8766  The operative word was "direct-copper method" that Jon described in this episode. Yes, MCM/Chiplets have been used for a long time, but that was not what I was referencing. And no, the first wafer-wafer bond consumer product was the HBM on the Radeon Fury cards. But that was solder-bump bonding, not direct-copper.
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  158.  @doujinflip  Still doesn't change the fact that a union who doesn't try to strike a fair balance (like here where different factions within the union where having competitions on who could annoy management the most) between worker rights and worker responsibility will eventually self sabotage.
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  159. You're barking up the wrong tree. Stocks are just a given percentage of a company. If the company buys some back, the outstanding ones represent a corresponding larger percentage. This is nothing like the diamond industry which is sitting on literal mountains of diamonds that will never be sold because scarcity is the sole value of diamonds.
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  160. I think a lot has already gone into reducing the internal stresses in the boules the wafers a cut from. 300mm wafers are already only 400 micron before any thinning (so only 4-5x thicker than what you got down to).
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  161.  @reinerfranke5436  That is flat out wrong. Intel didn't think EUV was mature enough and were slow to adopt. ASML delivered several machines to TSMC before Intel even ordered their first one. Intel wanted their 10nm to be both very dense and very cost effective. That was Intel's first mistake. Then at the beginning of the pandemic Intel cancelled their orders because they were expecting a financial downturn. TSMC was the first to realize that the pandemic would have the opposite effect on the computing industry and simply ordered everything ASML could deliver for the foreseeable future. That was Intel's second mistake. In multi billion dollar industries there are no "lucky ones". There are the ones that makes the right move and there are the ones who makes the wrong move. CEOs don't get paid in excess of $100 million a year to "be lucky". Under Bob Swan's reign Intel managed to lose a perpetual node advancement over their competitors that they held for close to five decades in a row. Now they're half a node behind at the very least. And there is nobody else to blame than themselves. Swan wanted big fat profit margins AND the most advanced tech at the same time, but there is a saying in engineering that goes: "good, fast, cheap... pick two!" and his replacement by Pat Gelsinger (who is as hardcore an engineer as they come) is testament to the fact that the board of investors woke up and realized this before Swan did....
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  162. Correction: You're allowed to pronounce acronyms as you please. Though I tend to agree with you, as RAM was invented first, but when the Dynamic variant was later invented a distinction between SRAM and DRAM was needed, by which time the pronunciation of RAM was well established. But the thing is that Jon knows.. he just does it to mess with people :P
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  163. True. But also don't believe in magic.
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  164. Nobody knows anything for certain about it. There is good indication that the oxidation contamination at the Arizona fab only affected Sapphire Rapids server CPUs, and that the Raptor Lake and Raptor Lake Refresh failure are solely due to the ringbus getting cooked. But it is just that: good indication. Not outright proof.
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  165. ASML is mostly owned by it's own biggest costumers. With Intel, TSMC and Samsung being the most invested.
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  166. Huh!... I thought sports shoes were completely automated in production by now. I figured that maybe someone had to put the shoe laces in at the most...
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  167. These companies should come to Denmark. One of the most geologically stable regions in the world, stable infrastructure at every level and a water supply that cannot be emptied. Here artificial arrogation is all but unheard of because downpour is a given nearly 200 days a year. This also means that our ground water reserves replenish themselves as fast as we can pump it up. We basically just use the ground as a big filter.
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  168.  @timluo6120  Taxes are high on labour but there is plenty of skilled labour in every high tech field. Nearly 40% get a university degree here...
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  169. You should probably suggest some topic about Turkey, or some industry in Turkey, that he can talk about. He generally don't present "a country" but rather a development of some sort in that country, be it political, entrepreneurial or technological.
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  170. It may not be why they left, but recent attempts to bring leading edge node fabrication back to the EU and the US is running aground on many environmental factors.
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  171. Stellar work as always Jon!
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  172.  @heatengine9283  I left the comment for others to see. Trolls never really tries a comeback when you start throwing well researched facts at them :P
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  173.  @mytech6779  All node names are completely bogus at this point. In the beginning they were referencing gate size, but some clever buffins figured out how to increase the transistor density by more than the gate shrinkage. As for the 1.7x nomenclature, I have no idea why that became common. It means that a given amount of transistors that would take up 1.7mm2 on the old node takes up 1mm2 on the new node.
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  174.  @davidgunther8428  Heat density is a myth. We have been "hitting the heat density wall" for the last 30 decades. And you didn't read what I wrote: If each transistor outputs 50x more heat, but switches 500x faster, you still have a net reduction in heat output because the design will have 200x fewer transistors and still yield a performance boost.
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  175.  @E4tHam  Power does absolutely not scale linearly with frequency. The reason laptop CPUs can reach 70-80% the performance of desktop CPUs at 15-25% the power draw should clue you in on that.
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  176. I'm still enjoying my popcorn watching this train wreck.
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  177. Stellar episode as always! :D
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  178. Personally I'm not into bling at all, but if I were I'd much rather have a grown diamond, since I know it wasn't be mined at gunpoint in miserable conditions in one of Wagner Groups "protected" diamond mines somewhere in Africa.
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  179.  @gljames24  It's no use to speak science to people who talk about Adam and Eve.. and even misquotes the lore...
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  180.  @Phoenix56801  Intel's node have been expected to get far better for the last 8 years. They've consequently missed their target by multiple years. Their last normal rollout was 14nm. TSMC makes 5 times more money than Intel. Do you really think they can keep up with someone who has that kind of dole AND knows that they literally live and die by their nodes?
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  181. I'm watching this from a computer so old that I really wish the parts were from Fab 18 :P
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  182. They can. And some of the patents are starting to expire. But they lack the practical knowhow (a patent is practically useless other than telling you where to start looking), so yeah, 10 years sounds about right.
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  183.  @Neb_Raska  In terms of financial horsepower India, not your average Indian, can actually throw some weight round. In GDP ranking they're behind Germany and Japan (so 5th overall) but when adjusted to purchasing power parity they are up to 3rd place. The cost of even highly skilled labor in India is very cheap, and since they don't bother with much with environmental protection, carbon taxes and what have you, their production prices are pretty low.
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  184. As we approach the limits set by quantum mechanics, it's going to be interesting to see how they'll tackle the placement problem.
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  185. Their headphones are world class. And for some strange reason they're the only manufacturer of phones besides google that doesn't completely screw up the OS.
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  186. Uh... that was a highly entertaining, but also actually accurate, way of looking at it. Thanks for the chuckle!
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  187. As predicted... It's actually not nearly as bad as I thought it would be.
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  188.  @anarsosoroo2891  He, humorously, said: "Intel used to dunk on AMD by calling chiplets 'glued together cores' but now Intel recently published a specification for a, supposedly, industry wide approach to a cross-vendor way to mix and match different accelerator chipslets into a coherent package. It 'incidentally' happens to be perfectly compatible with AMDs Infinity Fabric". But @J Bali is also right, as AMD (and a few specific AMD employees) is actually mentioned in the white paper. So AMD was in on it right from the inception. Hence Intel didn't just "patent Ryzen".
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  189.  @jansix4287  I want you to break out a calculator and tell me how long time it takes a 100MHz processor to execute 1000 instructions (assuming one instruction per Hz). Ok, I'll give you the answer: 1/100000th of a second. Or 0.01 millisecond. But I wasn't talking about cars. I was referencing OPs remark about using lines of code as a measurement of software complexity. In security sensitive applications like fire alarm systems, collision avoidance systems (like in factories, etc) or similar you do NOT "optimize" the code. Everything is programmed in block/ladder format. This is a very primitive programming paradigm that has one big advantage: each block can be unit tested on its own, and you can only climb the ladder when certain conditions are met. This means you can do much tighter formal verification than normal. Or in layman's terms: you can be reasonably sure that your code does what you think it does. This is worth more than speed. If your code is correct, but not fast enough, you specify a faster processor as a requirement. Done deal.
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  190. It's not two weeks ago when he posted a video about Thailand's car manufacturing situation. However, quite a percentage of his viewership probably joined because of his coverage of TSMC, Samsung and ASML amidst the GPU shortage, so it's natural that he still want to cater to that audience. I, for one, will be gone if he exclusively starts covering less-than-high-tech production.
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  191. I think the highest grade Wagyu is waaay over the top on the fat. Middle grade tastes fantastic though.
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  192.  @glennac  He specifically joked about pronouncing DRAM as "dram" in an episode, so he clearly knows. And both wikipedia and google will happily play a sound clip for you of every word you're unsure about the pronunciation of....
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  193. Or UMC, Micron, SK Hynix, SMIC or the dozen others... Mentioning the three that runs leading edge was good enough to get the point across.
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  194. Go through his back-catalogue and find the episode on FinFETs. I don't recall the title, but I know it's there.
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  195.  @michelbruns  No. 10USD for a monthly plan (of unknown milage). You buy the first two batteries yourself with the scooter. Then you swap them for charged ones. Did you not hear a word the man said?
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  196. The TI-85 is as overpriced today as the day I was required to buy it.
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  197. I've heard that song since the micrometer days... But until we reach a gate pitch of 5nm we're still good. At 5nm quantum fluctuations start to become noticeable. (Observe that lithography nodes are not named after the gate pitch but rather what marketing thought sounded cool).
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  198. Since you can write that on the internet I'm going to postulate that you have no clue what you're talking about.
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  199. Sorry, but there are patreon responses from 2 months ago :P
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  200.  @JayDee-b5u  I work for a subcontractor of a major defence contractor, and we're located in Denmark, so yes, the pay is good to the point that I'm perfectly happy with an annually increase that matches inflation in exchange for not having to take on more management responsibilities.
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  201.  @meanieweeny4765  Real time signal analysis and processing. Some of it in the fuzzy grey area between analogue and digital conversion, though these days most sensors we work with have integrated ADCs.
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  202. I bet to differ. My 6700XT has been absolutely mint since day one. And it was the absolute best bang-for-buck deal in the middle of a GPU shortage.
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  203. Then look for the all metal YKK zippers. I have never had those fail on me from ordinary wear ever. All the Danish army gear use YKK zippers (granted, with the coarsest teeth they make) and in my 17 years of service the most maintenance I've had to do on one was to re-clamp one of the teeth after I had a rather high speed "negotiation about the right of way" with a thick branch. The zipper still worked, but I had to wiggle it past the kinked tooth, so a pair of pliers was needed to force the one grabby leg, that had been bent a little sideways, comply.
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  204. Nice. I've had Asus products for almost as long as I've been in the PC space... so 30 years by now.
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  205.  @shazmosushi  Their Prime line is great for people who get nausea when they see "gamer centric" designs. I have an Asus X570 Prime mother board and it's been a concrete block of pure solidity. Among the longest QVL lists for memory I've seen on any product and it's always one of the first to get the latest AGESA updates from AMD.
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  206. It is inarguable at this point that it isn't "AMD crap". Better performance in every segment and so much better performance per watt that it's not even funny. We have been a Xeon-Workstation-only company for decades, but 4 years ago even our dinosaur management had enough and mandated that all new purchases be Threadripper from Lenovo.
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  207. I assume you'll see yourself out? :P
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  208.  @_TeXoN_  Electromagnetic signals travel at the speed of light in the medium they travel in. Just like light travels through air.. at the speed of light in air. We generally don't bother to distinguish between "the speed of light in a perfect vacuum", which is what think of when saying "the speed of light", and "the speed of light in this particular alloy" because in microprocessors (and other high quality electronics) it is at 95-99% the speed of light in a vacuum. Frequency scaling still happens despite you not seeing much of it in modern processors. This is because it is difficult to retain good IPC (Instructions Per Clock) at higher frequencies on the rather complex instruction sets of PCs. Every time TSMC markets a new node you'll see them state something like "20% more speed at ISO power or 40% power reduction at ISO speed" (those happen to be the numbers for N5 over N7). The chip designer can then mix and match between those two extremes to suit their needs the best. ASICs (that is, logic chips that don't interpret programs because they ARE "the program") see perfectly good frequency scaling if designed right.
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  209.  @kristianTV1974  Xilinx has been working with TSMC since 2009 when they started using their 32nm process. Previously they had dual-supplier partnerships with UMC and Samsung. AMD sold of their fabs as Global Foundries in 2008 but GloFo didn't get their first non-AMD customer until 2010, so there was never a time frame in which Xilinx could have been a GloFo partner.
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  210. It's an acronym, so it has no right or wrong pronunciation by definition. But it's wrong! :P
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  211. Not to be rude.. but perhaps you should read a bit up on your hometown then :P
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  212. I want it completely unhinged. That is, double standards, political correctness and any form of sensitivity needs to go. I basically want it to be autistic... If I tell it to write a rude joke about people with pink hair the joke should be rude. If I tell it i want a loving poke at people with pink hair the joke should be something you could sell a non-insane/non-volatile/non-narcissistic person with pink hair you happen to like. It should put behavioural- and evolution psychology before the latest social trends and it should, without even blinking, confront people with their own bullshit when they try to blame others for things that are categorically just a matter of perspective.
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  213. "Magic is any technology so advanced that it's working principles are completely incomprehensible to the observer". Most things are magic to most people. There was a time when producing fire from something not already on fire was magic.
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  214. They did manage to tune the voltage/frequency response into the absurd though.. And I bet they had ungodly good yields on their last batches.
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  215. There isn't a lot to say about it. Intel wanted a 100% monopoly after being forced to grant AMD a perpetual x86 license. AMD forced Intel to also go x86_64. The world liked that. The rest is history.
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  216.  @DailyBeatings  Who am I to question those who seek a life in technical monkhood? Personally I think of them like the RPG players who max out a single stat at the expense of all the others. Some people don't mind being squishy at the expense of being able to summon a fireball the size of Kansas. And just like the squishy ones are distressed at the though of hand to hand combat and thus flee to a safe distance, the best dudes are distressed by things that can interrupt their deep thought processes, so they flee back to the lab.
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  217.  @organicfarm5524  r/wooooooooosh
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  218. Apple and AMD uses Synopsys, and if I understand it correctly it's TSMCs preferred EDA. As in, TSMC provides libraries optimized for their nodes for customers who also use Synopsys.
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  219.  @monad_tcp No. The ether theory specifically stipulates that "the ether" was a physical medium of some sort. Fields and "ethers" are fundamentally different.
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  220. They were pretty fat, and as we can see, there was enough to feed a nation.
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  221. Likewise.
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  222. At the even deeper level of it there are a chain of small specialized companies who each make insanely pure chemicals in insanely precise concentrations that are each critical to some-or-other specific step in the never ending latter of complexity that must be ascended to reach high end chip making. Manufacturing more transistors than there are people in the world in an area the size of a pinky nail is truly the definition of "ungodly hard".
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  223.  @ipozow  It's called Patreon membership :P
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  224.  @Mr-hn2bp  I'm perfectly well aware. But that's immersion mask EUV lithography and not impression lithography. The distinction is huge. That's why I'm questioning it. "Rubber stamping" chips at 3µm sounds plausible. That would be wildly cost effective and could dominate the market for a ton of support chips in pretty much anything that has electronics involved. But trying to impression stamp a chip that today requires 10-15 lithographic layers, most of which are done with EUV, does not exactly sound plausible. Heck, the precision of the stamp itself would be EUV class... And getting a transfer with zero defects/warp/creep sounds even wilder..
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  225. I did! :D
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  226. In computing the only meaningful benchmark is the passing of time for a workload as it pertains to your particular needs. AKA: Synthetic benchmarks are useless. Only application benchmarks with datasets similar to your own makes sense.
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  227. None of those are alternatives to EUV. They can be used to make chips both cheaper and faster than EUV. But if you require the feature size of EUV lithography there are no alternatives.
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  228. Conversely there is also the saying "Every program has at least one bug. And every program can be optimized by at least one instruction. Hence every program can be optimized until it is only one instruction... that doesn't work!" :P I once had the displeasure of inheriting a program which had seen nearly a decade of optimization by the same guy. It was very very fast. And very very compact. But it had a periodic error in a corner case. And the new contract made that corner case... ugh.. kinda the main point of the next iteration. I shall spare you the agony which is real time radio wave analysis with inline modification. Suffice it to say that when you work in that field the government tend to visit often. So I was faced with a problem: stick to the contract or do what was right. I did what was right and rewrote the bloody thing from scratch but carried over the function optimizations that I could understand. I presented this to management as "heavy modification required to fulfil the new requirements" and cautioned them that, despite not being initially identified, a new complete formal verification was needed... I didn't sweat at all trying to say that with my best straight face. The project was delivered on time. The program had fewer bugs than before. The program is also nearly twice as large in lines of code and runs about 10% slower (which was still within spec). But most importantly: The guy who got my chair, when I got fed up with the military industrial complex, isn't fucked six ways from Sunday the next time a major revision is required, or a new use case uncovers a bug that wasn't originally caught. Because I wrote it for other humans to read (I happen to be rather forgetful myself, and that approach has saved my ass several times so I consider myself "the next guy" when I write code). TL;DR: Lazy blabber-mouth bloat-code is bad. But needlessly terse and overly optimized code is worse in the long run. Computers get faster, so hippo code runs like a zebra in 10 years. Code that might as well be written in Sanskrit ends up costing more money, induces more human frustration and causes more project delays.
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  229.  @xky8124  Sorry, but you don't need to be around these parts for long to notice exactly what OP is talking about. Especially if it's a video that even remotely touches on Taiwan's history or accomplishments... That can turn the comment section into a shit-show within minutes of release...
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  230. This is good news for AMD... They generally have the same approach: Their survival margin is lower than everyone's else...
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  231. Good one! Have been wanting you to cover Xilinx for a while :)
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  232. It was not specifically mentioned if TSMC also makes EUV masks? Or "develops" them at least (to use a photo analogy), as I'm sure they're not trying to make the reticle mirrors from scratch.
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  233. As a Dane who speaks some German too I think he did a pretty good job. Especially considering that his native language is Cantonese and his second language is English which is bloody near flawless.
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  234.  @Jisamaniac  It's part of a longer video, from 7 years ago about Intel's business practices throughout their existence up to that point: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=osSMJRyxG0k&pp=ygUuYWRvcmVkIHR2IGludGVsIGFudGkgY29uc3VtZXIgYW50aSBjb21wZXRpdGlvbg%3D%3D
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  235. I'm a Dane... we use maybe 3kg of rice a year. It doesn't matter what it costs.
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  236.  @chrimony  Clock rate is nothing, IPC (Instructions Per Clock) is everything. My 7950X3D does more than twice the work per clock tick than my 2700X did on a per-core basis. So no, we are not getting twice as fast cores every two years, but heck that ride was already over by by the Pentium 2. But I absolutely wouldn't call it "stalled". Sure, Intel were eating their crayons and sniffing their glue for 7-8 years stright because they fumbled hard and couldn't get off 14nm, but these days 25-30% better per-core performance each generation is normal.
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  237. LNG is a much more viable option.
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  238. Solar panels with a 40% efficiency, at at somewhat reasonable cost, would be huge.
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  239. Given a long enough timeline the survival rate of everyone drops to zero...
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  240. Those cost millions. And they're forth it if you're big enough... And therein lies the problem: It's a huge barrier to entrance. You need to get big before they're worth it... and you won't get big if you don't have them.
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  241.  @CaptivaLP  I'm not aware of medical equipment that reflects x-rays. It's generally "straight through". Even EUV is hard to reflect. The mirrors absorb quite a lot which causes throughput problems. DUV machines easily runs 300 wafers per hour whereas EUV machines are down to 150 at best. As for heavy metal based photoresist: I'm not a chemist, but I know that photo resist either needs to "crumble" or "cure", when exposed to the light source, depending on whether they're doing positive or negative reticles. Just applying a layer of, say, mercury, is not going to accomplish any of those. It's just going to block some of the x-rays. But if a chemical compound containing heavy metals can be found there's still a lot of other considerations, like how to dissolve the cured parts (or the crumbled parts) without dissolving chip features too, and how to reclaim the heavy metals so they don't end up in the sewer, and how to apply the photo resist in a perfectly even manner (These days that's done with vapour deposition. Don't know if it's a good or bad idea to turn heavy metals into vapour...).
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  242. Strange... on my Sony WH1000-XM3 head phones he's at the same volume as everyone else who speaks in a relaxed voice.
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  243. Photo CCD. Not to be confused with AMD's CCDs which are Core Complex Dies.
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  244. Except no. I sat down and compared the benchmark scores of a few select single threaded workloads, that are particularly important to me, and calculated that over the past 15 years just over 50% of the performance improvement has come from IPC. That is to say, 1GHz on an i7 2700K "is worth" about 500Mhz current processor.
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  245. "sailinks" is the usual pronunciation. At least that's how Dr. Lisa Su and the now-former CEO of Xilinx pronounced it in the interview about the AMD acquisition of them.
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  246. By your logic DUV is insufficient for process nodes it has already been used on...
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  247. They do... but they have no high profile customers making anything really cool to point to yet. And that's not the first time Samsung Foundry has been in this boat: Their fabs claim to have the best thing since sliced bread but Samsung Products is having their flagship chips produced.... by TSMC...
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  248. Good one as always John! :D
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  249. There is absolutely zero evidence that AMD is "experiencing similar problems". Some people are too quick to speculate. Heck, we don't even have proof that Intel's problem is related to wafer bonding or interposed layers. 12th gen is produced on the EXACT same node and doesn't have any issues. You jumped to every conclusion imaginable, and invented a few along the way.
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  250. Very interesting.
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  251.  Ben Dover  Well... if they actually HAD collaborated rather than trying to continue the Soviet Union without the Union part things might have gone differently. And once Vladboi is no longer the presitator who knows if Russia can become a collaborator on the global scene.
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  252. It degrades into a mixture of neon and ionized metal from the cathode. So no, the neon does not degrade at the atomic level, but it degrades as a purified substance.
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  253. The question is not if Tesla can build a chip fab. There are youtubers who make 130ym class chips in their basements. But whether or not Tesla can build a leading edge fab is an entirely different question. Intel has been struggling to keep up lately, despite being the undisputed leader for 30 years in a row not too long ago. However, TSMCs completely absurd scale advantage is proving to be a hard nut to crack even for those who has the both the experience, the RnD budget and the construction budget (with plenty government assistance).
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  254. MallWarts! Best effect unit ever! :P
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  255.  @RaysNewLife  You forget that Japan and Europe got enormous technology transfers, monetary aid and free trade. China and Russia were the enemies, remember? They got technology and trade embargos. And despite that the Soviet Union managed to reasonably keep pace (at great cost to the population) for a long time before the house of cards came down. China didn't start making leaps and bounds until they opened their economy (which got a lot of trade sanctions lifted).
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  256.  @julzibanez5717  They are. Intel has a gross of 53% and an operation of 29%... It is completely nuts that they haven't been able to keep up. Adjusting that operation margin to 19% instead of 29% would allow them to put as much into cap-ex as AMDs entire revenue three times....
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  257.  @0xszander0  Once you have over 50 percent of the total hashing power you can effectively gobble up all coins over time. All you have to do is stop transferring you own coins at all. Now you have over fifty percent chance of getting the fee off of all subsequent transactions. The more actively the rest of the coins are traded the quicker you'll gobble up the lot.
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  258. Just so we're clear: 64 bit addressing with 64 bit word size = 2^64*64/8/1024^3 = 137,438,953,472 GB of memory. So I think we're a fair ways out from needing 128 bit addressing from a capacity standpoint. It may be useful to use 128 bit word size in some applications, to avoid double pumping, but that probably won't be for AI, as those tend to operate on the lowest feasible bit precision. Many operate on only 4 bit precision with 8 being the norm.
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  259.  @legiran9564  It gets even funnier if you do the math on how much energy it takes to "count to 64 bits". Even if we imagine that each bit flip costs the smallest discrete amount of energy quantum theory will allow, then the sun will not produce enough energy to do it in it's lifetime.
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  260. Also look at the channel New Mind. He has a pretty good conceptual breakdown in a three parts series.
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  261. Taiwan is absolutely pro-west in every way. They play by the rules and respect international patent/copyright laws. They license what needs to be licensed and they sell license to their own technologies when that makes sense. They are a technological super power in many ways, and they believe in growth through trade. They also happen to bulk produce CRITICAL components for the vast majority of the worlds top technology companies like AMD, Nvidia and Apple - without stealing their IP that is! But the west as a whole hasn't returned the favour if you ask me. Taiwan is not officially recognized as a sovereign nation by neither the UN nor NATO. Taiwan's official name is "People's Republic of China" and it is governed by the democratically elected parties that fled main land China when the communist coup succeeded. So basically, if you believe in democracy you believe that the government of Taiwan is also the government of mainland China (which just happen to be temporarily occupied by communist forces!). Those are the same communist forces which also currently occupies Mongolia and Tibet who's rightful governments are in exile or have been "ethnicly cleansed". If the US had the balls they would specifically exclude Taiwan from the trade sanctions against China, effectively recognizing them as a sovereign nation. And probably send a few air craft carriers to just casually sit in the strait between Taiwan and China to make the point clear to the CCP.
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  262. 30MHz memory on a 120MHz chip was fine for crunching spreadsheets but sucked for gaming. There were plenty of instances where the DX2-100 was significantly faster, but those never sold in large quantities because the more expensive memory put them at price parity with the DX4-120 and people thought that when both numbers were smaller, then it must be a lot slower.
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  263.  @tomstech4390  Samsung produces their high end mobile phone chips on TSMC too....
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  264. Well have a like then good Sir!
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  265. Most likely Xilinx (now owned by AMD) or Altera (now owned by Intel). FPGA chips are the "poison of choice" in many process control applications because of their flexibility compared to ISA based processors.
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  266. That's a non-question right from the get-go...
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  267. It's would be strange if the US still occupied Japan...
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  268. TSMC should open a fab in Denmark. We don't have earth quakes. As in ever. We also don't have tsunamis. And when we have storms that we complain about the rest of the world laughs and calls it "slightly more than windy". The entire northern part of the main isle (Jutland) has an underground of wet chalk. It's basically like a stiff white clay. This means that you never have to drill more than 8-10 meters for drinking quality water, so every production plant has localized water supply. Also we have multipoint electricity generation. Some from windmills (they're freaking everywhere!), some from garbage incineration and some Sweden's hydro dams and nuclear plants... And we have plenty of higher education institutions. The one in the north specifically specializing in math, physics and engineering.
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  269.  @mostlymessingabout  That's not going to prevent tin vapours from solidifying on them. Quite the contrary actually would be my guess.
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  270. And 10 years ago we heard Chinese media state that China would be the frist to 7nm.....
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  271. I don't think this is ML based. Just an ungodly amount of trigonometry... which GPUs happen to be especially good at.
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  272.  @jrherita  Today it does (well, more like 4 years) but back then the transistor count was less than 1/10th of what it is today, so annual releases, despite only having two teams, were the norm.
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  273. @michaelchristianrusso Damn. YT ate the reply to another user with a direct link. The verbatim title is: "Intel - Anti-Competitive, Anti-Consumer, Anti-Technology."
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  274. The problem is that most things that are highly parallel problems by nature have all been moved to the GPU by now. I can personally use as many cores as I can get because software compilation is one of the few problems that are highly parallel but also highly branched, which GPUs suck at. But mostly everyone else, outside of scientific modelling and whatnot, don't need more cores. They need faster cores.
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  275.  @chrimony  If a 66MHz CPU has an IPC (provided no memory bottle neck) which is 15x higher than that of the 1GHz, then they have performance parity. The Athlon XP 1500+ (1.3GHz) has a single threaded PassMark score of 251. The Ryzen 7 7800X3D (5GHz) has a single threaded score of 3757. Adjusted for clock speed advantage that's a score of 977 which means it has an IPC that is ~3.89x higher. Which is kinda funny, because it has a clock speed advantage factor of 3.85x. So if we aren't too pedantic we can say "Half the performance uplift is from clock speed and half is from IPC gains. In the ~15 years between them the ~15x total single threaded performance uplift doesn't track Moore's Law, but one is a single core, the other is an 8 core. For tasks that scale linearly with cores that's a 120x performance uplift which is pretty damn close to the 128x Moore's Law projected.... But the current line of AMD Ryzen goes up to 16 cores, so there is that. TL;DR: While clock speeds only gain 10-15% per node generation these days, the ~70% shrink each generation is gaining more and more on the clock speed in terms of generational gain. If we do this comparison again in 10 years 1/3 of the performance will be from clock speed and 2/3rds will be from IPC (it already is if we compare to a 1999/2000 era CPU, but I didn't have a verifiable online source handy for you). So I stand by the statement. Yes, it's an over simplification, but to understand CPU progress it's a vital concept to understand. "IPC, over time, is everything".
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  276.  @chrimony  Both yes and no. You're right in principle, but the types of data, and the amounts of data, we process today has changed significantly over the years too. My main use case (software compilation) is immune to Amdahl's law, and most multimedia applications are either immune or have a single step out of many that isn't. Amdahl's law is very database-write-centric, but the vast majority of databases are either completely or mostly read-only. Which makes them completely or mostly immune. But even if we take Amdahl's law as read, the tangible decline happens (for his particular requirement) between 128 and 256 cores. So that's a fair ways out from a workstation point of view. That said: You completely ignored the main part (IPC vs clock speed), and focused on the filler details :P
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  277. Their heavy gauge metal zippers will outlive any garment. I have a leather jacket that is coming up on 30 years old, and despite an almost religious relationship with leather TLC it is starting to show it's age... but the zipper is as good as the day I bought it.
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  278. That was a really nice video!
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  279.  @sumonechan8514  No, that was a brain fart. There were 45nm and 40nm. If I recall correctly only TSMC did the 40nm variant. There were 32 and 22. I think that's where I got the 42 from...
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  280. So.. SMIC is at it again copying TSMCs homework. My guess is there's a reason they didn't make a big publicity splash out of it: 1) Their yields are not competitive yet, and 2) If they get competitive TSMC is going to sue them in every other country than China.
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  281.  @dokkiro  Samsung's 3nm has the same density as TSMCs 5nm. In fact, it's ever so slightly worse. TSMC N5 is 1.73MTr/mm2 and Samsung 3nm is 1.7MTr/mm2. TSMC N3 is 2.9MTr/mm2 and is in risk production. Expected to enter mass production in Q1. So again, Samsung is a node behind TSMC. Be very wary of manufacturing process names. They're misleading at best.
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  282.  @lefttomboy3068  Be acutely aware that owning stock in ASML and being privy to their internal research are two very different things. ASML entered an agreement with its largest customers to consolidate as the market leader and gain extra capital for the horrendously expensive research they had to invest in EUV. And no, Intel is not lacking in core technologies because they shop the same places as TSMC and Samsung, but they are lacking in process management. It's not their chip design which is sub-par. It's their manufacturing. They just reached density parity with TSMCs N7 and proved that they could muster AMD on like-for-like nodes with Alder Lake. But AMD is moving to N5 in Q3 next year (when Apple moves to N3) and Intel will again behind on manufacturing.
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  283. Only computer nerds like myself can name component brands. Lenovo doesn't really count, as it was sold off in it's entirety from IBM when they no longer wished to make consumer products. Besides the component manufacturers (MSI, Gigabyte, ASRock, PowerColor, XFX, Sapphire, etc, etc) I can only think of Acer... so who am I missing?
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  284.  @Mr30friends  Asianometry never made that case that Taiwan wasn't in an amazing position. Quite the contrary actually. But he is also right that Asus is one of the few "whole manufacturers" who has gained true international recognition. It's a similar story in my own country (Denmark). We sell a lot of technology/IP surrounding medical, agricultural and energy production equipment but our only two internationally recognized brands are Lurpak who makes butter of all things and B&O who make "fancier than Apple" audio and TV products.
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  285. Only 3D printer nerds know that :P
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  286. LOL. The comment section is lit. People have strong opinion on this topic for sure.
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  287. You spell pretty good for a cat!
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  288.  @ryandarrah4247  1) Intel and Samsung uses the precise same machines from ASML, but cant reach good yields at the feature sizes TSMC has been churning out on mass production nodes lately. 2) Logic design is completely decoupled from manufacturing. Both AMD, Nvidia and Intel (yes, Intel) uses TSMC for manufacturing. AMD and Nvidia are on the leading nodes because they need the best. Intel uses TSMC legacy nodes (for chipsets, auxiliary devices, network chips, etc) because that's cheaper than keeping their own old plants running. 3) EUV technology is not "an American license" without stretching the meaning of that word into oblivion. ASML was part of the EUV research conglomerate right from the get-go, along with a number of other companies. Every member got a full non-revocable license, but not the right to sub-license the technology, because the research expenses were (partly) subsidised by US government funds. But all of that is splitting hairs/muddying the waters... because my original statement wasn't about research or making process equipment. My original statement was about manufacturing which Taiwan, currently, is the champions of, to such a degree that both the US and the EU are starting to worry (Hence the US passed The Chips Act, and the EU is doing similarly).
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  289.  @gatocochino5594  I didn't mean standardized PDKs. I meant having all PDKs in a standardized format so any EDM can work with any PDK.
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  290. Came for the chip technology explanations... stayed for completely random tidbits about noodles :P
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  291.  @jennychuang808  I think if you actually went to the US you'll realise that it's probably a lot less. Understanding Americanisms and borrowing pop-culture from them is wildly different from being culturally alike. I know an American couple who moved here (Denmark) thinking that the cultures would be "reasonably similar"... heh.. let's just say that Danes who think they share cultural traits with Americans are actually the worst at proverbially stepping Americans on the toes, making them socially uneasy or feel embarrassed. In your case I think it would be the opposite. I think in day-to-day life you'd find them tactless or at least socially insensitive (And I think you'd find Danes brutally direct to the point of being outright inappropriate).
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  292.  @rightwingsafetysquad9872  So far I think Dr Su of AMD has done a good job.
    2
  293. Yet even QDOLEDs and WOLEDs don't have "actual pixels". Each addressable entity is still comprised of individual dots of each color. The holy grail is still to make a little square that uniformly shines the desired color.
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  294.  @conor7154  Intel claims 18A will be "production ready" in the second half of 2024. They do, however, have a track record of being late.
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  295. You troll game is noob level. Try harder.
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  296.  @mattmexor2882  I've been in the game for over 30 years. There's a reason why the FTC is, among a laundry list of others, moving hard to block the Nvidia purchase of ARM. This has nothing to do with fanboy-ism. It's simply a matter of having observed their practices over two decades. I used to be quite happy with Nvidia... until they pushed a driver update that disabled the PhysX capability of their card if an ATI card was also present in the system (I was running one of each at the time). And PhysX is just one example of Nvidia trying to force out competition with incompatibility (it also happens to be a purchase case). They also used the patents they obtained from 3DFX and S3 to great effect. There's a reason why Nvidia is no longer supplying GPUs to Apple. That deal went sour. There's a reason why Tesla is no longer working with Nvidia. That deal went sour. There's a reason Nvidia only got to deliver the GPU for the original XBox.... So, how about a challenge? You provide me with all the dirt you can find on AMD (since you seem to think I'm an AMD fanboy). Hit me with all the bogus lawsuits, partner back stabbing, patent infringement, vendor-lockin practices, etc that you can find. But in return you watch this for a start, to get a glimpse of why I don't trust Nvidia one little bit: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0L3OTZ13Os Jim (the author of the video) misses a few "glorious" Nvidia moments, but since I don't have sources handy for those I shall spare you any further allegations :P
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  297.  @jan.tichavsky  Yup, but when you just need to retrieve structured data locally with minimal application footprint there is basically no other game in town - in large part because SQLite is licenced "public domain" so there are exactly zero ifs and buts for even the most paranoid legal department.
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  298.  @johndoh5182  Sorry, but I didn't bother reading that blurb as you started out with blatant speculation that nobody but TCMC, AMD and Intel knows anything about.
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  299.  @foobarf8766  See my response in the other thread. You're mistaking Multi Chip Modules for wafer bonding.
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  300.  @Ethan-3369  Intel still has more than 50% market share in all segments. They are on the verge of getting to parity in detacenter CPUs, but in laptop and desktop they are still above 60%... They can take a bit more of a pounding before we start talking about competition.
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  301. Taiwan's government is the rightful government of mainland China. Mainland China just happens to be (temporarily) occupied by communist forces along with Mongolia and Tibet. The communist party in China was not democratically elected until after they had murdered everyone opposing them, thus making it an invalid election. A media farce. A ruthless, but very clever, second coup. Genocide does not make a government. That makes an "occupying force".
    2
  302. Trying to be all cool and activist-like while having nothing but surface level knowledge of the subject matter at hand is what we call "being woke". Stop being woke. Please. For the good of all mankind. It's destroying our societies.
    2
  303.  @wesleyw.terpstra1902  IPC is IPC, parallel or not. Yes, obviously, if your compute problem responds well to parallel processing you don't go for increased IPC, you go for more processing contexts.
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  304. I wouldn't be the least bit surprised if celebrity hipsters revived the horse and buggy to virtue signal how environmentally friendly they are. Like the vinly record resurrection the prohibitive price and inconvenience would fit right in with those who get an underpants reaction when the word "exclusivity" is spoken out loud.
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  305. Yeah, I somehow don't think just putting a scribe line, with a very pointy pencil, somewhere on the edge will do the trick...
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  306. Which is strange, because they always worked flawlessly on Linux.
    2
  307.  Z3U5  Samsung is behind the curve. They're good at cost optimizing the not-quite-bleeding-edge nodes. But that's the road to becoming a second supplier of budget friendly options. Not the road to being the "wow brand" so to speak. Nvidia, who only have GPUs, cannot afford to be seen as the budget option. They have zero leverage over SI/OEM bundling deals. If they're not outright attractive AMD and Intel can "bundle them into oblivion".
    2
  308. Many formal verification problems in digital applications boils down to the SAT-3 problem which is NP-Complete, so it can't be solved in realistic runtime (like you get to millions of years on the fastest current CPU even for 64 gates).
    2
  309.  @ezyfnef  "in history" is a bit of a stretch.. but I get your sentiment. Saying "post WWII" makes it closer to the truth, but still not accurate. There are some godawful hellholes out there like North Korea, Cambodia, Laos, etc that make China look like a hippie state :P
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  310. Not to be annoying, but Nvidia is not the only one who makes huge-ass data center accelerators (the name for "GPUs" when you can't connect a screen to them and they come with 48GB of HBM instead of a few GB of GDDR).
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  311.  @lbgstzockt8493  When your job is to opperate things specifically designed to kill as effectively as financially and practically possible.... yes, operational security is learned the hard way. I can't think of a fighter jet development and adoption process that didn't have at least one pilot casualty.
    2
  312.  @Asianometry  You should trust the Scandinavian who knows a Finn and was thus scolded for pronouncing it NO-ki-ya :P Finnish doesn't have emphasis on any syllables whereas Danish (mostly) has emphasis on the the first one and English has emphasis on the second or fifth last syllable.
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  313.  @ArawnOfAnnwn  A solution that is saturated with NaOH at near boiling temperatures has a PH of around 15. That is, we're well into the realm where the PH scale starts to break down and the values become practically meaningless. I can't think of any reaction that requires more causticity than that though. Which means you're either at the boundaries of science or you're just trying to cook meth faster. Given that we're in the youtube comment section I think we can safely rule out the former and broadly conclude that the latter qualifies as "seriously questionable" without further scrutiny. Hope your friend is understanding of my predisposition.
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  314.  @ArawnOfAnnwn  The academic literature is a bit sparse on this particular subject, but it is worth noting that reactions involving hyper caustic solutions at elevated temperatures has a tendency to violently thrust-boil which leads to... less than safe working conditions. Perhaps sacrificing a bit of reaction speed for safety is worth considering. Any excess causticity can be neutralised with hydrochloric acid afterwards, and the neutral solution is drain safe. It would, incidentally, also work great as a fertilizer if care is taken to not require too much neutralization afterwards, as the resulting sodium chloride (table salt) will harm plants. This option obviously only applies if the meat in question wasn't previously poisoned with lead, mercury or, as a random example, polonium, prior to disposal.
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  315.  @tijsvancauwenberge8675  Patreon Early Access Tier.
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  316. You're a godsend Jon! You bring up everything I didn't know I wanted to know :D
    2
  317. A lot of the programs I use on a daily basis has no ARM port and x86 emulation on ARM is slow as molasses... So I certainly need x86. For people who live on in a browser, sure, but for them it still comes down to price/performance. With Chromebooks being outright stupid due to lack of storage and performance and Apple laptops/desktops being stupidly expensive for the performance they give, x86 for laptops and desktops is still the obvious choice.
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  318.  @whohan779  Well... they're still alive. Their financial reports looks like polished turds. But they're still alive. Anybody else would have gone tits up.
    2
  319. All fields of engineering are related to science.
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  320. Listening to this with a pair of Sony headphones because they are, in my opinion, the absolute masters of noise cancellation. 30 hour battery life doesn't hurt either.
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  321. That's not how patents work. You can't patent "using copper to conduct electricity" because that has (obviously) been done before. IBMs patent detailed a method of getting it to work, but TSMC chose a completely different route.
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  322.  @raylopez99  Sigh.. If you listened to what he said: yes they were approached by IBM. And they rejected the offer. It was in the damn video. I simplified the above a bit because people generally misunderstand how patents work, but your wilful misunderstanding shows me what kind of noggin you are, so I won't bother explaining things like prior art that directly prohibit you from "patenting anything". So, uh, "bye" to you as well.
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  323. Hello!
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  324. No-one is about to ruffle ASML's feathers with this. But it ASML might obtain a patent license and reduce the cost and build time of next gen EUV machines.
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  325.  @asdf_asdf948  Wafer agreements are booked years in advance. AMD couldn't take the risk of booking a shit-ton with TSMC and then flop. But they are pushing more and more aggressively for each generation.
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  326. So... China learned nothing from Russia's botched attempt at using their energy exports as a political hostage. Welp, let the them try. Things will get a bit more expensive for a while, government stimulus packages will be applied, existing multi billion conglomerates in the west will be incentivised to do technology cross licensing, smaller players will be out-bided for supply, typically leaving poorer nations with the short end of the stick, and in a few years we'll be better off than we were before. It is rather obvious that you cannot compete with a group of nations that will stick together when things get tough, and who combined hold 45% of the world's GPD, when the rest are divided into a bunch of smaller factions.
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  327.  @aekue6491  I work for a sub contractor for a big international defence contractor. We have long since been briefed that porting existing GAA designs to BPD-GAA will be, and I quote, "a largely automated process for embedded memory and gate logic, but will require substantial consideration and planning ahead of time for analog circuits". Since we work almost exclusively in the boundary layer between analog and digital (such is the nature of real-time signal analysis and shaping) we are currently "a little bit freaked out" as we are in mid-stage design of a GAA based solution that would ideally be finalised and rolled out as BPD-GAA, as that offers vastly superior noise characteristics. However, we are only now starting to get the builtin points on what to account for early to facilitate a reasonably straight forward porting process. Everything is still tightly under NDA from "the big three" but from the gossip I hear the situation is largely identical everywhere: The EDA tools will a breeze for the logic folks (CPUs, GPUs, accelerators, PLCs, FPGAs, etc, etc) but us analog folks (memory controllers, radio spectrum technologies, PCIe/CXL, optic signal modulation, etc, etc) will be the whipping boys as usual. We generally only get good EDA automation and integration of a node once it is no longer relevant for us (aka, once it's mature and cheap enough to make bulk crap products on like wireless doorbells and fridges and what have you). I hope that satisfies your curiosity, as I can't really divulge anything that is more specific than this.
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  328.  @oxide9717  It's not that someone can't catch up. TSMC uses the same tools as everyone else (except the Chinese, who are barred from EUV equipment from ASML). The problem is catching up and deploying at a scale where you can compete price wise. TSMC builds new fabs every 2 years because they already have costumers for those fabs. If you want to take them on you first have to catch up, then secure the customers by selling at a loss because you don't have the scale. THEN you need the extra dole to expand your capacity until you reach scale equilibrium. There is a reason Intel is in the process of converting it's fab capacity into a foundry service.... And there's a reason Samsung lost the race. For many years they kept up with TSMC, but in the last 6 or so they have slipped further and further behind.
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  329.  @b22times  The US government has decided to play on two horses in that regard. TSMC and Intel has both gotten subsidies to build leading edge fabs in Arizona. So... the status quo is maintained.
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  330.  @b22times  The episode was specifically NOT about what you just changed the subject to.
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  331.  @RaysNewLife  That's completely besides the point. The only thing that matter is the amount of dole in the treasury. China has also left large areas under developed to pursue technological and military ambitions.
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  332.  @RaysNewLife  Not really. Some governments have no problem letting their people rot.... as you initially pointed out. If the government overhead is small, and the tax collection is large, then they have a lot of money to focus on something specific.
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  333. They have tried for four decades. And they're still two decades behind. If they catch up it will be because they stole it. Like they tried with SMIC....
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  334. There are support groups for people struggling with JavaScript related cognitive impairment. And remember: Anything is better than suicide :P
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  335. Gross profit margin is very different from operational profit margin. AMD has a gross of 45% and an operation of 10%. So when you buy a $100 product you know that $55 of that was salaries, material, shipping, paying subcontractors, rent, etc. $10 is profit and $35 is for further RnD, and in case of AMD also paying off debt.
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  336. But... by then EUV lithography will be what 42nm is today: something to fill the eternal void of the dont-particularly-care-about-performance oriented market of sensors, wireless door bells, children's toys, touch panels on refrigerators, etc, etc.
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  337. Clocking the absolute snot out of chips is relatively new. My 486 was passively cooled. Your phone is passively cooled too (I assume!).
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  338.  @Asianometry  I'm sorry to hear. And I hope you take symptoms of stress seriously. I didn't, and now I'm on disability :-/ Take care! We'd rather you take a break for a while than disappear completely because of burn-out....
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  339.  @Not_Sure-i6o  The "conversion" I gave for equating mAh to mWh is bogus. As I explained.
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  340.  @Stewi1014  Go find a mirror. Look in it. And keep saying "I am special. I am right. I know best". FFS... EVERYONE in this thread is telling you differently. The sentence "The effective Ah of a battery changes far, far more than the nominal voltage" doesn't even make any sense. It's completely irrelevant (insofar the battery doesn't get hot) if you draw 0.01A or 1A on a given battery. The duration you do it for will add up to the Ah rating barring any heat losses. End of freaking story. U = R * I also holds true for batteries. Until you invent a battery with a resistance of zero the voltage will drop to zero if you drain the battery enough. Most devices, however, don't drain a battery fully as they need a minium voltage for the VRM to work correctly (and it's also not good for batteries to be completely sucked dry). Go find a multimeter, a battery and a drain source and verify for yourself. If you were right they WOULD specify capacity in Wh instead of Ah because that would be a bigger number. And bigger number is always better number when marketing gets involved. The very reason marketing was told off is because it would be freaking false advertising!
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  341. Are you sure that's not 5µm and 3µm you're talking about when talking impression lithography?
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  342.  @rorychivers8769  Cool. Didn't know they were already deployed. As for "sitting there", yes it is quite common that carriers anchor at strategic locations for extended periods of time. Few ports are big enough to take them anyway, so supplies away from home ports is done via support convoy.
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  343.  @GanJinLan  Nope. Denmark. So pretty much as much the other side of the globe as it gets.
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  344.  @Zack-Strife  No capitalist country is a pure capitalism. Like every other "ism" people realized down the line that "the great thinkers" weren't exactly practically minded people who had experience with everything. So the whole "the market will always balance itself" is of cause as much BS as "the classless society". And hence every capitalist country has implemented anti-monopoly regulation as well as strict laws on a laundry list of item categories because unchecked greed/ruthlessness may "balance itself" given a long enough time frame.. but we sure as hell don't want to live with it long enough to find out. Furthermore most capitalist countries subsidises things that are viewed as essential but not profitable enough and/or nationalise things that are deemed to be too important to let any kind of greed fuck it up (like healthcare or education).
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  345.  @wokeupina  If math is like a natural second language to you, then by all means, pursue a STEM career.
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  346.  @Elegant-Capybara  Intel has seen the writing on the wall with their fabs, and they're currently in the process of spinning them off as a completely independent company. They can't muster TSMC without a similar scale advantage. Samsung had trouble attracting customers until they made "the iron wall" between Samsung's chip design branch and the fabrication branch (by isolating the latter completely as a separate company), and Intel isn't dumb enough to think potential competitors will fabricate with them unless they do the same. I FS is not a theory or a possibility any more. Pat Gelsinger gives frequent updates on the process. As for AMD's decisions regarding ATI and the anti trust lawsuit: Hindsight is always 20/20. ATI's main business wasn't graphics cards, but integrated graphics, and Intel was starting to put IGPs in all their chips. AMD didn't have graphics capabilities and felt they were out of time and resources for a race with Intel to provide the same level of functionality. The main reason AMD had to devaluate the ATI purchase had more to do with Nvidia's aggressive push in the same era than anything else. As for lawsuits... it could have gone a million ways.
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  347.  @tycondero1647  AMD was not an Intel spin off. Both Intel and AMD were Fairchild spinoffs. IBM insisted that Intel should designate AMD as their second supplier because AMD already had a good reputation at that point. IBM, wisely, didn't particularly feel like handing a monopoly to any single subcontractor, so at that time having a second supplier was an accepted norm in the industry.
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  348. The real problem with OGAS was that it would have instantly made corruption impossible. It would have implemented literal communism where everyone would have equally much. And no self respecting politician was prepared to live like a peasant when a stroke of a pen could give him a wine cellar.
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  349. I remember when I got a 17" computer monitor from a manufacturer who had licensed the Trinitron tech from Sony. That was freaking awesome. Much flatter glass than any other tech available at the time and super crisp colors in gaming. Text clarity, whoever, was not it's strongest point, but still an overall improvement from the 14" random junk monitor I had before.
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  350. If they weigh 12kg a pop they're lead acid batteries for sure. They're dirt cheap to produce hand have a near 100% recycleability.
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  351. Yeah... about that... For historical reasons, that nobody bothered correcting, your intuitive idea is correct, but the established nomenclature is the opposite of what actually happens. Sorry. It bothers me too.
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  352. @V P Excellent performance Sir! Excellent! :D
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  353. Early access tier Patreon membership...
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  354. His name is Jon which is a fairly common name, so have at it.
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  355. Since the wafer is coated in light sensitive material the whole thing becomes a camera where the wafer is the film.
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  356. I remember this being the theme in a Donald Duck magazine when I was a kid... I've stumbled across these "seemingly far fetched cartoon ideas" before and only years later found out they were actually being something that was discussed at the time.... I guess it really is true that the only thing stranger than fiction is real life! :P
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  357. I'm not going to yell at you for saying things that sound entirely reasonable given the subject matter :P
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  358.  @michaljurkovic  I meant the printing part.
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  359. WWIII is the short answer. It would tank the US and EU economy, and for some strange reason they're not just going to foll over and let that happen...
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  360.  @coraltown1  Willamette gave AMD a bit of a leg up because they were late to the node jump and while Prescott fixed a lot it didn't solve the fundamental problem of a pipeline that was so deep that a branch speculation miss would stall the whole thing for hundreds of clock cycles. The Athlon XP was much more "Pentium III" like, but with wider datapaths and bigger caches, which is why it had 1.5x the IPC of Prescott in most ALU scenarios.
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  361.  @coraltown1  That last statement seems oddly applicable to recent news....
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  362.  @Jisamaniac  Another user alerted me to the fact that YT "ate" my previous reply to you (it contained a direct link - how silly of me). The title is "Intel - Anti-Competitive, Anti-Consumer, Anti-Technology."
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  363. Hey? I AM subscribed! :D
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  364.  @nneeerrrd  "Native baggage" is not about cuisine you dork. If I move to somewhere where the customs are different I will observe those in public but you can bet your arse that I'll have potatoes and pork chops in my home no matter what the local cuisine looks like.
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  365. In the next episode I hope you cover how Microsoft (via SCO) tried to axe Linux with bogus patent claims.
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  366.  @zecorezecron  The guy who discovered it wanted it called "alumium" not "aluminum". The scientific community settled on aluminium because it followed the existing naming convention. So US English managed to be wrong twice by bastardising the original proposal while not following international standards either.
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  367.  @zecorezecron  Oh yes, the moon argument always makes everything right when talking to an americunt, whether it has any relevance to something that happened in 1825 or not. Doesn't change the fact that you didn't give him his first choice either. Doesn't change the fact that your "freedom units that sent people to the moon" is nothing but British Empire Legacy Units.
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  368.  @HouseOfFunQM  Considering they've had to wrestle half their land out of the sea's grip.... it can come as no surprise that they don't give up just because the light waves are unruly! :P
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  369. I think he reuses that audio clip :P
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  370. You should check out AMD's patent for active interposers. It looks like it's both a stepping stone to 3D packaging and a packaging efficiency booster in one solution. The patent describes how to move the power rails management logic onto the interposer for a variety of benefits including shrinking the chip manufactured on the expensive node (by removing voltage control logic) and distributing thermal density (by having high-amp transistors away from the power hungry compute blocks) while also freeing up connection area needed for the chip-to-interposer integration. AMD specifically mentions it in conjunction with GPUs, but for this generation they've gone with micro film PCBs for connecting the MCDs to the GCD, so I suspect the price for 65nm wafers to use as interposers is still prohibitively expensive.
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  371. While Nvidia have been very smart about many things, they have also been absolutely ruthless when it comes to questionable business practices. For those of you who want to know a thing or two about the skeletons in Nvidia's closet I highly recommend this video by AdoredTV: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0L3OTZ13Os
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  372.  @NicoparaDEV  So does everyone else. What nobody has is a commercially viable method of mass production. IBM will probably be the first to that as well... because to them "commercially viable" means "If the chip only costs the customer $100.000 it's a great success". But that's a far cry from what can be put in a smartphone....
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  373.  @bernieschiff5919  Retro gaming enthusiasts pay upward of $1000 for those these days. Hang on to them a bit longer and you may have your next car paid for....
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  374. There's nothing to be "cracked". AMD has had stacked cache products on the market for 2 years now.
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  375.  @dokkiro  No. Everything is clear from the title. America won, then lost, then won, then lost. Currently Europe is the leader in lithography and Taiwan is the leader in applying those lithography tools in semiconducter manufacturing. But again you prove my point. You started reacting before you knew what it was all about.
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  376.  @lefttomboy3068  Tokyo Electric (TEL) is still really big in the support machines used in semiconductor manufacturing. Lithography is a critical part, but if vapour deposition, etching, masking, metallizing, etc, etc isn't up to snuff too the whole thing grinds to a halt. TEL and Applied Materials combined fill nearly all the support roles. And uhm, Intel isn't really a big player any more. They're two full nodes behind TSMC and one node behind Samsung. None of them are key to the success of ASML and Carl Zeiss, but they do provide valuable feedback that aids the development process.
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  377.  @MarquosXoloVanda  Same group as moon landing deniers and believers in the lizard people. The emotional mechanism that compromises people like that is well known. The personal gain of transferring those cognitive biases to others is well known. Hell, even the political gain for transferring those cognitive biases to others is well known. You've been compromised. You've become a willing pawn in a game of "I'm smarter than most other people. I matter because I'm among the few. I have control over my life because I'm enlightened, ass opposed to the sheeple". Sorry man. You've been duped by your own emotions.
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  378. I saw that movie too. It was "dramatized for theatrical effect" and the legal disclaimer in the beginning reflects that perfectly.
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  379.  @Ubya_  AMD is already expienced with using the vias (the layer interconnecting "towers" of copper) to extract heat from the lower layers. They're pushing the first multi layer product to market early next year, so we'll see how it fares soon enough.
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  380.  @h9hkk6155  Making billions on a chip with a defect rate so low you stand a chance of getting a final product is the real feat. But I don't agree that "transistors are simple". Even today the biggest hotshots in the industry are pouring ungodly sums into RnD in the pursuit of the perfect doping, the perfect insulator thickness, etc, to get the best possible voltage/frequency response with the lowest possible leakage. I mean.. transistors CAN be simple. Just buy a standalone BC547 and you get yourself "a transistor" cheaper than a lollipop. But building a discrete circuit out of those aren't going to net you something that operate above kHz. What I'm trying to say is that everything is simple if you "zoom out far enough" and gloss over decades of cut throat market pressure to do better.
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  381. "I cry.. when ICs decide to fry"
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  382. What is? We can't hear what you thought before typing that.
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  383. I guess lonely people will be happy when chat-bots can render audio replies.
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  384. China, despite the rhetoric, knows full well that if they invade Taiwan they'll be starting WW3. Even Japan has publicly said if they will protect Taiwan with all their might if it comes to that.
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  385. Always have done. The biggest part of an in-production wafer's life is spend in cleaning stations.
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  386. But now AMD Xilinx products are already on the latest node, and with AMD being TSMC's third largest customer there may be some resistance towards Altera...
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  387.  @jennychuang808  Wowsers! I did not know that! Alright, I'll just eat my words again :P
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  388. Knowing Nvidia's history I would imagine that Oski is of some kind of importance to their competitors and they simply want to "leverage that" in their usual nefarious ways....
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  389. Any rectangle can be described by two triangles.
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  390. GET OUT! :P
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  391. Bye!
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  392.  @2drealms196  Bugger! Thanks!
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  393. But is it N-type or P-type? :P
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  394. TSMC is one of the beneficiaries of the chips act... The US is not taking a chance on China not invading Taiwan, and they're not solely relying on companies who've started to fall behind, so obviously they want TSMC to build leading edge fabs in the US. And they're willing to subsidise it to the point that it would be financial stupidity to not take the offer.
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  395. That's because they realized they're behind. Intel has been reporting bigger and bigger operational margins over the last 5-6 years. Some of that should probably have been put into their fab back then, and now they're cumulatively investing what should have been done over the course of several years.
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  396. Doesn't change the fact that the distance to the dimms is the bottle neck. We've had 7-8ns latency RAM since EDO, but that pesky "universal speed limit" we call the speed of light won't let us go any faster unless we move closer. So we move as close as we can get: onto the chip.
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  397.  @kyebean  Trails and tribunals when autocorrect doesn't duck things up.
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  398. In 10 years you'll need a PhD in physics to understand the intro of an Asianometry chip technology video.
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  399.  @deang5622  Yes.. but then someone figured that it would be pretty neat if the computers could do more than just keep the plane stable. Stuff like automatic image recognition and target selection does require some computing grunt.
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  400.  @David_Lloyd-Jones  I don't get the connection to anything I've said in this thread?
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  401.  @johndoh5182  Sounds like Samsung allright. They also touted having "26Gbps GDDR6 memory that rivals even base spec GDDR7X memory"... but after 9 month the status on their web page is still "sampling" which means they do, in fact, not have it in volume production.
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  402.  @ZeroHourProductions407  My Dual Pentium III Tualatin was on a VIA board with SDRAM, and it played perfectly nice with Linux, but on Windows XP PCI cards had to be in some particular order and ATAPI devices only worked in master mode. Not that I cared, as I only used Windows for gaming.
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  403.  @jimgolab536  There is nothing secret about the instruction set and there are plenty of open source compilers who export code for it. Furthermore both Intel and AMD documents their CPUs publicly. You can just go and read the whitepapers.
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  404.  @VasuJaganath  It is for formal verification. It is not enough to find "a solution" if you need it to be "the only solution", which is of paramount importance in security sensitive applications. You should only be able to satisfy the requirements in one, and only one, way.
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  405. While I'm not thrilled that TSMC is a player big enough to effectively dictate a lot of future development in the industry as a whole, I'm absolutely not thrilled about Intel being the answer to that. Intel's track record, in all endeavors, is extremely bad. They've engaged in every type of anti consumer and market manipulation tactic known to man, and even invented a few new ones. I would much rather see UMC, GloFo and Samsung Foundry join forces.
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  406.  @MrSpiritmonger  Even if they had it working tomorrow there would still be 2-3 years before having a yielding node. By that time TSMC will be on High NA EUV.
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  407.  @magnemoe1  Actually it's modern GPUs that work a lot like Cray's geometry vectors. Old GPUs were a hardware implementation of fixed function geometry pipelines like OpenGL up to version 2.x and DirectX up to version 10. They were basically "a program made in hardware". Modern GPUs are SIMD devices. (SIMD = Single Instruction, Multiple Data). Or pretty much what Jon described as vectors. But they're also massively parallel with thousands of cores. So if you want to project a 3D scene onto a 2D plane (the screen) you're running the same tiny little program, with enormous amounts of geometry data as arguments, split up over thousands of cores. In the next frame the angle has changed only slightly, so the tiny little program (called a shader program) only have a few cos()/sin() values updated to reflect that, and the whole thing goes again. In addition to being able to work on the vertices of a 3D mesh modern GPUs can also work directly on the pixels in the 2D projection to adjust brightness, transparency, etc. This is why running computer graphics becomes more and more demanding as resolution increases. But it basically works the same: a very small program iterates over all the pixels, but to do that effectively long rows are loaded into wide registers in many cores. (Disclaimer to fellow nerds: This was purposefully kept incredibly superficial to the point of introducing slight inaccuracies)
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  408. Except Intel is back to sucking at manufacturing..... Their latest Core Ultra 200 line has all the "good stuff" made on TSMC N3 and Intel is stuck with a absurd capacity of Intel 7 (formerly known as Intel 10nm) capacity that they've failed to upgrade to something competitive.
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  409.  @nedelwre  With the way things are going there is another option: a very very large parking lot with a glass like surface.
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  410. Hey John! Excellent episode as always! BTW: Nokia is pronounced no-ki-a (equal emphasis on all syllables) as opposed to no-KI-a.
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  411. @Sean Price The good thing about recent advances in molten salt reactor designs means we don't have to trust them with enriched uranium. In fact the molten salt reactors prefer depleted uranium or thorium because it minimizes waste.
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  412.  @whohan779  Yeah, I just watched Hardware Unboxed's review. Precisely what I expected.
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  413.  @Gunni1972  I don't know if what you said qualifies as revolting or misguided.... Nvidia was already a tech giant long before Tesla was anything but a novelty. Tesla today is just a small fry compared to Nvidia's larger customers in terms of sales numbers. Also, Tesla uses AMD chips for their Model S, X and some Model 3 and Y vehicles. So far Tesla only uses Nvidia in their production environment.
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  414.  @Gunni1972  Tesla didn't. They didn't even make a noticeable impact on Nvidia's earnings. They're just a car company that uses data center accelerators like every other advanced design and manufacturing company. Meta, Google, Microsoft and Amazon each bought 100x more accelerators than Tesla ever did and ever will.
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