Youtube comments of (@GeneralApathy).

  1. Due to issues with the amount of useable footage taken of the Mount Lyell Shrew during this trip, I had to cut a few key points out. That said, the aim of this video was to focus on the excursion more broadly as opposed to making a comprehensive overview of this species’ natural history. If you want to learn more about what I excluded, there are many news articles on the Mount Lyell Shrew that have been published in the last few days.
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  2. As you may have noticed, I had to keep my voice lower for the videos shot in Jordan. If you were wondering why, it was because sometimes the dogs in the desert would hear me and begin to bark up a storm. I was able to locate two of them but the location of the other two remained a mystery. Often the echoes were such that I couldn’t even identify a direction.
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  3. It had to be done.
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  4. I love you too, YouTube commenter.
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  5. Hello. I just started memberships for this channel at $2.99/month. Members have exclusive access to shorter videos (1-2 min). There are already four videos posted there that you can watch right now. The upload schedule will be roughly once per week. Do not worry, this will not affect the public content on the channel in any way going forward. Expect this announcement to recur under future uploads as well. Please reply to this comment if you have any questions. https://m.youtube.com/@GeneralApathy/join
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  6. Just a single Dog Tick crawling on my pants. I did not spare its life.
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  7. This possibility has crossed my mind many times, so I’m quite happy to see this comment. I do not think it is a likely coincidence that these stories originate from the same regions where Anthia live.
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  8. :D
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  9. Which lizard species was your favorite? Mine was the Bachia blairi.
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  10. No bravery required, just a lack of certain phobias.
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  11. Thank you for converting an imperial unit to another imperial unit. I’m sure the non-Americans will appreciate your comment. I know I do.
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  12. Thank you so much. I try to keep things simple around here. It's good to have an understanding of what is working well for the channel. :D
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  13. Thank you so much.
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  14. Armases angustum will continue to be ignored.
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  15. So sad.
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  16. I practice not getting bitten by any snakes that I handle regardless of the species. This later becomes helpful when handling non-lethal venomous snakes (Malpolon, Oxybelis, Trimorphodon, etc.) because a lot of them are pretty sketchy. Meanwhile, with centipedes across the world, it’s easy to know what you’re in for.
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  17. I was hoping someone would notice. :D
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  18. Which snake species was your favorite? Mine was the coral.
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  19. Hi. There are now eight videos (1-2 min) available to members. Members only videos are posted every week on average. I made a playlist compiling them to serve as a preview of what they are about. Join here: https://m.youtube.com/@GeneralApathy/join Playlist: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL0SdAFnnWCaRBB7p2sbAabfb2FBQcgYUK&si=CUYJjFviCYAwbqjT
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  20. I will. Thank you very much, Marshall. :)
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  21. Thank you so much. :D
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  22. Thank you. Nearly all self researched.
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  23. They’ll be uploaded next week.
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  24. Which caterpillar was your favorite?
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  25. For animals with a robust data set on envenomation reports, I might begin to include this information more often. Otherwise, I run into a great number of species that do not have enough data attributed to them to make any sound conclusions. I do not want to inadvertently make claims that could end up harming people.
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  26. Thank you very much. I tend to avoid handling animals that can kill me. :O
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  27. Good question.
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  28. Hello. There are now five videos (1-2 min) available to members. Members only videos are posted every week on average. You can join here: https://m.youtube.com/@GeneralApathy/join
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  29. Thank you. The rate at which you see animals in these videos defend themselves is roughly representative of what happens off-screen as well.
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  30. On behalf of myself, you are welcome.
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  31. The racer was caught on a different day than the kingsnakes, though I am familiar with the behavior you are referring too in Crotalus spp. Incidentally, I have seen a Masticophis flagellum ruddocki act the same way this racer did. So glad you mentioned this. :D
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  32. I am not sure. I have never had any in my care.
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  33. I am most sincerely sorry about your loss, Tim. Glad that you and your son are enjoying the content.
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  34. Diurnal and black is an unlikely combination for longhorns, but if Moneilema spp. are indeed mimicking Eleodes spp., then that coloration might be more advantageous than crypsis.
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  35. Thank you. They were not all found on the same night.
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  36. This was quite a large mistake on my end. I just added a correction to the description. Looks like Pamphobeteus has been spotted nearby as well. Thank you for pointing this out. Much appreciated. :D
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  37. I support you with that goal. Hold on to it.
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  38. Thank you so much. :O
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  39. I left months ago. The increase in airspace closures after Iran’s threat actually took place the day before I departed. I appreciate your concern regardless though. :D
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  40. :D
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  41. :(
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  42. Thank you so much. :D
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  43. Me too. :D
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  44. You are welcome. :D
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  45. Thank you.
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  46. Hey, I remember you. It's great that you are still around. Thank you so much. :D
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  47. Thank you.
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  48. Thank you. :D
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  49. Are they generally unpredictable? I do not have much experience with them.
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  50. :D
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  51. Seems you don't know what a habitat is. That aside, I would have collected them regardless of whether I had shot this video or not.
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  52. Thank you so much.
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  53. You are welcome. :)
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  54. Thank you! I do my best to avoid harming animals: this the duty of anyone who chooses to interact with fauna in the wild (as well as domestic). :D
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  55. I am puzzled by the discrepancy between S. polymorpha's behavior in the wild and in captivity. In captivity, it is well known that this species will quickly cannibalize if put in the same enclosure, while in the wild, great numbers of them can be found under the same cover (as shown in the video). That being said, I have observed cannibalism in this species in the wild once before. Thank you.
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  56. What an awesome find. I would love to see one someday. Depending on the species, your assessment could be true.
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  57. I can understand the Australian exceptionalism regarding venom, but the notion that the bugs over there are larger than average compared to those in similar climates is completely unfounded.
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  58. You are quite welcome.
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  59. Me too.
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  60. Good one. :D
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  61. :D
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  62. I think it may have been a little on the cold side. :O
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  63. That was one of several worms I found climbing trees.
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  64. Thank you.
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  65. Yes. They are reared in captivity until they die and are stored for records in ethanol.
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  66. Thank you. :D
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  67. I could just do it during winter. Easy.
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  68. Thank you. I do too. :D
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  69. I was using ‘fishing spider’ colloquially to describe the spider’s habits. I do realize that it has a taxon affiliation.
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  70. Thank you so much, RJ. This means a lot to me. :D
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  71. You are quite welcome. :D
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  72. Thank you, Oliver.
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  73. From what I understand, they are not. Camel spider eggs are whiter, larger, and come in small clutch sizes.
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  74. It really depends on the circumstances. Here they were quite lethargic due to the cold, so a bite was quite unlikely. When the weather is warmer I get bitten much more often.
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  75.  @melonhusk  Noted.
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  76. This is true for arguably most Mygalomorphs; A. riversi is not special in this regard. I rear them in captivity.
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  77. Everything is done in the field, audio and video. I prepare notes beforehand. Only the editing takes place in post.
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  78. Thank you.
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  79. A slight pins-and-needles feeling for a few minutes.
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  80. Correct.
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  81. They should be Gymnopis multiplicata. The owner of the property found a large adult a few days after I left.
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  82. Thank you very much. :D
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  83. Thank you so much. New videos on the way. :D
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  84. I thought it was just vinegaroons that were insusceptible to acetic acid, but perhaps it's both? Either way, the glue that velvet worms shoot is chemically dissimilar to the compounds that those arachnids' epicuticles protect against.
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  85. Good luck with your endeavor. :)
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  86. 1-2 days. Usually they can rebuild it in a single night.
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  87. Neurons simply not firing.
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  88. Happy to give a piece of your past back to you.
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  89. Love this comment. Made me laugh. :D
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  90. The beach is packed with spiders; none of which are large enough to do anything about this, unfortunately.
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  91. I was not aware that this initiative existed. I hope for the same.
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  92. With the majority of the adults that I find, there isn't even an attempt at handling them. They are well known for their defensive behavior.
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  93.  @tfordham13  I'll consider it next time I am in range for them.
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  94. Thank you. 'Symbiotic' may not have been a good descriptor of the relationship in question. There are thousands of mite species that can be found on beetles, the vast majority of which are nothing more than phoretic. That is to say, they only use beetles as a mode of transportation. This benefits the mites, but typically not at the expense of the beetle.
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  95. They live in southern Spain and Italy, but not France unfortunately. I’ll go looking for them if ever I’m in range.
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  96. They ended up building a nest there later on. I guess at that moment they were doing some urban planning. I am a university student.
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  97. It only takes them a day to rebuild.
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  98. It is. Many lizards, amphibians, and fish have one.
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  99. A sting from a dune scorpion is nothing compared to that of an Arizona bark scorpion's. If you are confident in your identification and it really was an Arizona bark scorpion, you likely have a higher pain tolerance than most or received a minor injection of venom. Arizona bark scorpions' sting are typically not deadly, especially to healthy adults. However the Arizona bark scorpion is the most, or second most, venomous scorpion species in the US depending on which way you look at it. Within US borders, it has the lowest LD50 value per milligram of venom of any scorpion, meaning that it is the most venomous domestic scorpion. The reasoning for it being the second most venomous in the US is that the Florida bark scorpion (Centruroides gracilis) has an even lower LD50 value, just not in the US. C. gracilis is a diverse species with a large distribution and variable venom toxicity and size. The specimens of Florida bark scorpions in the US are less toxic than Arizona bark scorpions, but their Central American counterparts are more toxic than any US scorpion. Antivenom for C. sculpturatus is produced in Mexico; it was approved by the FDA in 2011 and is now exported to the US.
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  100. You got a bakery license for all that cake? Damn!
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  101. Its mother was in the bushes several meters out. As far as I could tell, this was her last chick, so it probably had an above average chance of survival.
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  102. Thank you. I’ve only ever been at odds with wildlife on a couple occasions. Humans have certainly been more of a serious issue though.
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  103. I have only seen one Tegenaria since I've been here. I usually see many more during the summer. Very tough to deliberately find them; they tend to just show up randomly. I'll record any more that I see.
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  104. Thank you. My area of study is scorpions of the Western US.
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  105. So have I. Thank you, Victor. :D
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  106. I appreciate your concern for their wellbeing. This is a popular discussion and more nuanced than many make it out to be. In all likelihood, this toad will never be handled by anyone else so one interaction is harmless. What could be detrimental is spreading pathogens, namely chytrid, to amphibians. I take precautionary measures to prevent such a thing.
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  107. I'll do a time-lapse if the opportunity presents itself or, rather, if I don't miss the opportunity. The old exoskeleton has some flexibility after the scorpion has separated from it internally, and the new exoskeleton, which is still soft during this process, is even more flexible.
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  108. :D
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  109. I have no idea, but their venom is not all that effective on insects in captivity. They don’t show any signs of aggression either which has me less worried.
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  110. We should seek federal protection of this species first. I think captive breeding for this species could be quite beneficial, but not if it is done by/for the hobby.
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  111.  @louiesandoval4470  Oh I meant adult spiders, but I guess that works too haha.
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  112. Thank you so much, Victor. I have received that award. :)
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  113. It takes them less than a day to rebuild. I’ve never observed longer.
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  114. Many times. The night seems to amplify the presence of the strange and unknown.
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  115. Thank you. I’ve never gone looking for anything in the San Diego area despite having lived there for most of my childhood, so I am not the person to ask. Just outside of SD is Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, and that I can highly recommend for you to visit if you haven’t already.
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  116. I may have overplayed that information too much. While inhaling B. procyonis eggs is certainly possible, it rarely occurs in humans. It’s definitely an issue for dogs though.
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  117. I think it has the potential to occur whenever the ants are not predatory or too small. Definitely an odd phenomenon.
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  118. Thank you for the explanation, Mark.
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  119. I use my phone to record and Splice (premium) for editing. I try to watch what I’m doing through my phone screen to keep the framing satisfactory, which isn’t always possible. It’s a skill that requires constant attention and improvement.
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  120. Looks like I made two errors here. Not only do Ixodida also begin with six legs, but for both orders this is true only during the larval stage. Thank you. :D
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  121. I did not know this. Thank you. :D
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  122. Thank you and good luck on your search. :D
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  123.  @Shaggy420.  Google "Native Reptile Captive Propagation Laws and Regulations" and download the PDF from the government website. It provides you with all the information you need.
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  124. Thank you, Seth. :D
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  125. There were thousands of them (Armases angustum) in that area.
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  126. Thank you so much. I try to include any of the bycatch I see that may be interesting to my viewers. :)
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  127. You don't seem to post them very often though. Can't blame you, though. So many scorpions to see over there. :D
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  128. Thank you so much. :D
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  129. Quite surprisingly, a Mediterranean Banded Centipede. The same one featured in the short I posted actually. Definitely an outlier among bites from that species.
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  130. A Smilax aspera vine cut across my wrist minutes after finding the first green S. cingulata. :(
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  131. Thank you very much. :D
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  132. Thank you very much.
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  133. Thank you very much. :D
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  134. For all of the lesser-known scorpions I typically read papers such as species descriptions, revisions, studies etc. in scientific journals. Lots of personal observation in the field definitely helps as well.
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  135. Best thing you can do is narrow your species down to some low-level taxonomic rank, like family or genus, then consult an image-based database like iNaturalist for a better understanding of which candidate species you can further narrow down to and a rough sense of their biogeography. Then look into revisions, descriptions, keys, redescriptions, etcetera, of the species of interest for details that will help you understand how each is defined. The common tailless whip scorpion misunderstanding predates my poor pronunciation.
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  136. Not at all. Spiders are perfectly capable of digging new burrows as long as environmental conditions allow it. Every winter I see freshly dug burrows belonging to a variety of mygalomorph species that had their old burrow destructed. That being said, spiders should not be dug up outside of the rainy season; this will prevent them from being able to excavate and likely kill them as a result (there are some exceptions to this).
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  137. I will, thank you.
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  138. Thank you. I saw several while I was there, mostly small orchids. I am no longer in Panama though.
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  139. They also seem out of place geographically. Calisoga are the only spiders in the family Nemesiidae in the US (California endemic as far as we know). It is one of only two Nemesiidae genera in all of North America, the other being Mexentypesa from Mexico. Both genera combined only represent a total of 3 species, although current genetics have shown that C. longitarsis is a species complex comprised of many cryptic species.
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  140. So sad.
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  141. Thank you so much. I appreciate the advice. There is a chance that shrews prefer soil beneath their feet though. They didn’t seem to enjoy sliding around very much. :O
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  142. This is true.
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  143. Thank you so much. I'm glad that you enjoy the content. :)
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  144. This is both a hobby and part of my job. In some cases it is extremely important to know certain species on an individual basis before handling, but for most, you can get by with just some basic taxonomy. For example, any scorpion from the family Vaejovidae should, in theory, be safe to handle. I do quite a bit of research before, during, and after my time in another location.
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  145. California has 3 native species of gecko across 2 genera; Coleonyx and Phyllodactyus.
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  146. That's awesome. I have found camel spiders in the UAE before. Don't hesitate to email me if you are looking for advice on how to do so.
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  147. This is a good hypothesis. It could also be that food is more scarce in arid environments than it is in mesic ones. Related: "Euscorpius flavicaudis sting is not lethal but not harmless either: First record of neurological symptoms in child after sting" (Vaucel et. al., 2020). Read this paper and let me know if you think it holds any significance. Seems flawed to me; not only is it repetitive, but its a bit aimless in the sense that very little of the text pertains to the title.
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  148. Michigan has 15 or so snake species. You just have to be in the right places.
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  149. I do not know. If I do, it will be a brief one.
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  150. Not sure. I’ve never been bitten by this species.
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  151. Thank you so much. :D
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  152. Yes. The mother feeds her tadpoles unfertilized eggs.
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  153.  @moldycreamcheese2317  Good one.
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  154. It was cut by a Smilax aspera vine just after finding the first green S. cingulata.
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  155.  @eshansdeadchanel2722  All good, thank you.
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  156. Thank you. I have many more videos shot in France coming out. :)
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  157. It's looking like Brachycybe will be your white whale.
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  158. Spain has great mygalomorph diversity, perhaps the best in all of Europe. They have Macrothele in the south as you’re probably already aware. I do have a scientific background, but it’s only quite recent, so I’m working on expanding that. :D
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  159. Understanding longevity for small animals outside of captivity is generally difficult. There have likely been no long term studies on Ricinulei in the wild and few have been reared in captivity. Despite this, it seems that they have been recorded reaching 10 years. I do not know enough about them to speculate on their potential to surpass this mark.
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  160. Ya. Purely accidental. :D
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  161. Just a coincidence. I believe it originated from the leaf I was filming the Cryptocellus on.
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  162. Thank you very much. :D
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  163. Working on it. It is difficult to consistently correct one’s own speech and may be a while before significant change.
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  164. Thank you. We are still certainly not exempt from habitat degradation and destruction. Europe has just been experiencing it large-scale for far longer. Information regarding regional shifting baseline suggests that insect biomass has declined sharply here over the past several decades.
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  165. I didn’t have a hygrometer on hand, but that certainly could have been interesting to examine. Of the socks I excavated, only one was not occupied (not included in the video, of course). I believe the reason that they are abnormally tough to find here is because the available habitat is naturally quite fragmented. This video was shot in the French Alps, which is far from ideal for this species. The northern, low-elevation Atypus habitats are more suitable because they are rather contiguous, and, if they are fragmented, it’s typically by humans.
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  166. It is only dangerous (as in 'potentially deadly') if you are allergic to the venom. I am not. I actually got stung by the specimen in the thumbnail while shooting this video; it was not my first time getting stung by this species.
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  167. Thank you. You are correct on the toads. I didn’t bother identifying the caterpillar after shooting this video, but I ended up finding a few more and decided that they were safe to handle. They are very soft. :D
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  168. I am an arachnologist.
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  169. When it starts to warm up in the Spring, yes. Nighttime is best usually. This is the most common species found in California and Nevada deserts.
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  170. Thank you so much. :D
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  171. I recommend trying our native Aphonopelma, Scolopendra, or Hadrurus species.
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  172. :D
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  173. I often observe Hymenopterans from up close, but I rarely ever handle them. I don’t mind the stings I get every so often, but interacting them just isn’t all that rewarding.
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  174. Uroctonus franckei if you were on the eastern slope, otherwise it was just an unusually dark Uroctonus mordax.
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  175. Thank you. :D
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  176. Thank you. I was there for a month. I live in the US.
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  177. Thank you for watching them. :D
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  178. Thank you.
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  179. Thank you very much. :D
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  180. You are welcome. :D
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  181. :D
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  182. That was the highlight of my day out there.
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  183. Thank you. Based on the reception so far, I think it’s definitely worth switching up the style every so often. :D
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  184. Yes. Sometimes they will excrete poison while coiled up as well.
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  185. There are many species of land crabs and freshwater crabs.
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  186. Absolutely incredible. Another species that I would love to see in the wild. :D
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  187. It was a late Fall morning, so all of the animals under the rocks were quite cold.
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  188. This was part of a trip geared towards sampling-oriented fieldwork for a private research institution.
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  189. In warmer climates, it is best to look for them from April through September. Scorpions will be active from after dark (~30 minutes after sunset) onwards, decreasing in density as the temperatures cool down. Furthermore, nights with an obscured or otherwise reduced moonlight are optimal.
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  190. I am working on a couple. :)
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  191. This comment made my day. Thank you.
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  192. Definitely a good choice of scorpion to rear in captivity. They do very well in a variety of setups, so you have freedom in how you will house your own.
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  193. Thank you! I do get stung sometimes; it's nothing terrible.
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  194.  @mazmurlo9283  You too. I just call it herping even if that’s incorrect usage. I don’t use the term on this channel as to avoid confusing viewers. :)
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  195. Great criteria right here. On a side note, I still have never seen a tarantula drumming in the wild. Hopefully one day. Thank you for your contribution. :D
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  196. Thank you so much. That’s the style I aim for. It’s always great to hear about people like yourself who never lost their interest in bugs despite the career they wound up choosing. :D
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  197. That doesn't surprise me. This year we had hundreds of B. magna on the roads and they also cannibalize the pancakes. In fact, I can't think of a gregarious orthopteran that isn't opportunistic in that regard.
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  198. There will be more. :D
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  199. Probably a couple months per year on average. It varies quite a bit. 11 countries so far.
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  200. Thank you so much. I don’t watch any ecology-related YouTube channels.
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  201. Thank you! Although, I do not encourage people to handle venomous animals. You may have an allergic reaction, so always be prepared for that.
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  202. I had to google it. I don’t think this turkey was secretly a marine. :O
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  203. Though I am unsure why, they have a tranquility period for a couple hours after they are exposed. After this, they become agitated from even the slightest vibrations. I do not currently have an explanation for this phenomenon.
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  204. They will show up in at least one of my future videos.
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  205. There are quite a few gecko species that lack those traits altogether, the vast majority of which are terrestrial. A good North American example is Coleonyx.
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  206. Rules of thumb concerning venom, especially when dealing with taxa capable of causing fatalities, are risky. In my opinion, they should be avoided. For scorpions specifically, genera like Hemiscorpius and potentially Zabius are examples of why such a rule should be avoided. There are also opposing exceptions, such as some Paravaejovis species.
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  207. Thank you very much. :D
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  208. I have seen a fair number of those. They are common in the summer, but evidently not in fall. Great Orthoptera diversity in France. :D
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  209. Yours are definitely A. johnnycashi unless you live near the Tehachapis, in which case there is a chance that they are A. steindachneri.
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  210. So sad.
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  211. :D
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  212. Thank you for the correction, I have added it to the description. Clearly I am arachnid-inclined. :O
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  213. Many times. They even show up in a video I did in the past similar to this one. My favorite US species.
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  214. Yes, 6 species if I am not mistaken.
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  215. :D
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  216. Thank you very much. :D
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  217. Yes, they are very effective at propagating themselves in new habitat, though it seems like this is in large part due to human transport.
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  218.  @fearfullywonderfullymade4057  It depends on the species. I've only heard of this behavior from some Buthids. There are other environmental factors at play as well, which I know very little about.
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  219. My spirit animal.
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  220. Imperial County.
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  221. I will, thank you. :D
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  222. Thank you. Scorpions are relatively common in Southern Europe if you ever get the chance to explore there.
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  223. Yes, but it might a while. Don’t hold your breath.
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  224.  @timjensen9747  You are welcome and thank you so much. :)
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  225. Thank you. :D
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  226. :D
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  227. This species does not extend any further west than Texas if I am not mistaken.
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  228. The Syspira wolf spider, also known as a Prowling Spider, is from the genus Syspira and is not actually a wolf spider.
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  229. Thank you. I visit those regions more often than others mostly because they are home to some of my favorite fauna. My second language is French.
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  230. They’re quite unpredictable it seems. I’ve come close several times. My day will come.
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  231. Thank you. :D
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  232. Thank you. There is no good way of answering without just using the set in this video as an example. The Heterophrynus, as you can tell, defend themselves sometimes. The Macrobrachium had to be restrained. The Ctenophryne do not bite at all. The other Rhinobothryum that was found during the trip (a large adult) was far more agitated and actively striking (it helps that the one in this video was small). The Echinosaura might have bitten me off camera, I forget. Sachatamia do not bite at all. Oxyrhopus rarely bite, especially juveniles. Neischnocolus are flighty but typically not defensive. It's possible that my friend took a bite from one while we were down there. Anyway, all in all, it helps to be gentle and to not physically restrain animals unless it's necessary. Hope this helps.
    4
  233. They build another within a day or two if the soil permits.
    4
  234. Thank you. Hopefully your dream becomes your reality. :)
    4
  235. Thank you. :D
    4
  236. Thank you. Glad you like it.
    4
  237. Sometimes I am, oftentimes I’m not.
    4
  238. Thank you, Muhammad. Glad you enjoy the content. :)
    4
  239. uvBeast V3
    4
  240. I had access to private property when making this video. There are a lot of lush forests, often protected, in Panama regardless though.
    4
  241. Thank you. I have considered it.
    4
  242. No, my travels are purely recreational.
    4
  243. The average is probably around an hour. I drove 5h30m to the location in this video.
    4
  244. I will remember the people who engage the most with the channel regardless of whether I become popular. :)
    4
  245. This is a really good question. I thought about it for some time and it seems that, even though sound is vibration regardless of the medium, there is no clear point we could currently identify where certain vibrations would be registered as sound and others as movement. To speculate, however, if I am to assume that these spiders perceive this information the same way humans do, the simplest way we could assign senses to organs is: setae + hearing and tarsus + movement. My issue with this is that other spiders use their setae to detect what we simply refer to as movement in all mediums, which would mean that Deinopis receives two different kinds of information through one organ. Perhaps that is possible though, after all, our sense of touch can provide us with information on temperature and texture at the same time.
    4
  246. Glad to hear, and thank you. :)
    4
  247. :D
    4
  248. Usually no more than a week in my experience.
    4
  249. I recommend using gbif.org - it has millions of records in its database. It will definitely take some getting used to, but after you figure it out, you will get a good understanding of which taxons that interest you can be found in your area.
    4
  250. Almost always. I wouldn't say that I proactively avoid them, however, when I do come across such animals, I interact with them accordingly, which might mean keeping a safe distance (avoidance).
    4
  251. I have flipped many.
    4
  252. Any grassland with loose rocks should have S. polymorpha. It's just a matter of searching.
    4
  253. Thank you so much. Many more species to come. :D
    4
  254. Scorpions of the Western US are my area of study so they are what I am most familiar with.
    4
  255. Awesome. Thank you so much. :)
    4
  256. The Coachella Valley floor is likely the best place for you to go if you want see Smeringurus mesaensis.
    4
  257. I've observed cannibalism in this species once before in early Spring. I think you are correct; since it is winter, they have a much lower metabolism. Incidentally, they are seldom found under rocks during Summer and Autumn, so they probably encounter each other most while active: during Spring (when they can be flipped and found at night).
    4
  258. Thank you so much. I wish you the best with your giant centipede if you do end up acquiring one. :D
    3
  259. I’ve been handling tarantulas since I was a little kid, but there are some bugs, like centipedes, that I only got comfortable with later in life. Not because I was afraid of them, but because I didn’t want get bitten (I still had them in my collection).
    3
  260. That is not good.
    3
  261.  @froiled4152  that is fair.
    3
  262. Thank you, Jackie. :D
    3
  263. It’s important to remember that shrews can also be found in warm tropical environments. There’s more to their metabolic biology than just preventing heat loss.
    3
  264. I write my own subtitles for this very reason. Perhaps I will start including banners if enough people request it.
    3
  265. I will definitely shoot some videos in Arizona. :)
    3
  266. Will do. Thank you! :)
    3
  267.  @tfordham13  Yes, a friend is keeping my collection for me in the meantime.
    3
  268. :D
    3
  269. Thank you very much.
    3
  270. What constitutes a bigger animal in your opinion? Larger often means less original and more difficult to film.
    3
  271. Thank you, Michał. :)
    3
  272. Ecology and evolutionary biology.
    3
  273. Dark Uroctonus mordax show up in Oregon, the far north of California, as well as the Sierra Nevadas where they meet with Uroctonus franckei, which are especially dark.
    3
  274.  @haydnr01  I did manage to find Buthus occitanus and will be publishing a video on them sometime this month or the next. I am here primarily to visit family. :D
    3
  275. Thank you. :D
    3
  276. I’m working on that. :D
    3
  277. It is located in central California but near the coast.
    3
  278. :D
    3
  279. It’s on the way.
    3
  280. I visited in 2017. Really need to go back. I missed so much while I was there. Unsure if I’ll ever return though.
    3
  281. Thank you, Dawson. :D
    3
  282. This was during the afternoon. I made a correction in the description: all of the Elgaria were Southern Alligator Lizards. It seems like there are a couple of distinct variants where I was.
    3
  283. Home grown is a good way to put it. :D
    3
  284.  @moldycreamcheese2317  Ordinarily I wouldn't bother, but it was in the snake and people's best interest for it to be relocated. Usually it's best to do this with a snake hook.
    3
  285. You are welcome.
    3
  286. Doing well, thank you. :D
    3
  287. Thank you. :D
    3
  288. It is likely not known in this case, but many species change in appearance with age because their niche also transitions.
    3
  289. They will certainly appear in a future video, though I can't say when.
    3
  290.  @aoconnor2933  Very cool. There are large S. polymorpha in West Texas. Quite a few in Southern California as well. Good luck with your studies and pursuits.
    3
  291. Thank you very much, Michael. :D
    3
  292. Mojave Desert.
    3
  293. I knew someone would notice. It didn't get a proper sting in, so it just felt like a prick. Virginia does have Vaejovis carolinianus in the very southwest corner of the state.
    3
  294. Diablo Range. It took me an hour or so.
    3
  295. That tarantula was likely an A. johnnycashi too, but these were found closer to Sacramento.
    3
  296. Send me photos. I'd be happy to identify it for you.
    3
  297. I have an Instagram. You can find the link in the description.
    3
  298. Thank you. :)
    3
  299. Thank you, Robin. :D
    3
  300. Thank you. :D
    3
  301. Unsure if the flashlights help but attacks by large cats in the Americas are rare.
    3
  302. :D
    3
  303. That depends on multiple factors.
    3
  304. I believe so. This is the least fragile part of the whip spider. I have found hundreds of them and never injured any while doing this.
    3
  305. I would love to.
    3
  306. Perhaps one day I’ll have a change of heart.
    3
  307. Wanted to make it easy for people to navigate since it is random. :)
    3
  308. A male Ghilianella strigata to be precise.
    3
  309. Post-Gondwanan vicariance is a good candidate explanation for the current distribution and clades of Opisthacanthus, but admittedly not the only possible explanation. This is primarily because this genus originating from the Cretaceous is not unreasonable for the family Hormruridae. The issue, however, is that this is a family that has a great propensity to colonize by island hopping. We have many examples of their dispersal in Southeast Asia and neighboring regions via this mode. Perhaps I made a mistake asserting the first hypothesis as fact in this video even if it is the default for the time being.
    3
  310. :(
    3
  311. Thank you so much, William. :)
    3
  312. I'm used to it, as you could probably tell, so it does not bother me in the least.
    3
  313. I found the coral snake on the last evening of my stay and wanted to photograph it under natural lighting the following morning. I studied the fauna a bit before I arrived, but mostly while I was there. :D
    3
  314. Thank you, Pablo.
    3
  315. I appreciate your suggestion, but I do know the cause already: the vast majority of my subscribers discovered my channel via shorts. These subscribers' views, for the most part, do not translate to views on the long-form videos. Very tough to bridge this gap.
    3
  316. Did me a great favor in that moment. Flying nocturnal Hymenopterans are always so pesky, especially in the desert.
    3
  317. I suggest going to the foothills of Marseille or Montpellier during early spring. This video was shot somewhere near the latter.
    3
  318. Thank you very much, Victor.
    3
  319. Thank you, Louie. :D
    3
  320. Thank you so much. :D
    3
  321. That's correct. Thank you! :)
    3
  322. One of my favorite orders.
    3
  323. Respectable.
    3
  324. This is exactly how I got my first scorpion sting. :O
    3
  325. There are no native scorpion species in Northern California capable of hospitalizing an adult unless said adult has an allergic reaction. However, there are a couple of unconfirmed records of introduced Centruroides spp. showing up in NorCal cities.
    3
  326. I left several months ago, did not see any unfortunately.
    3
  327. I use a Nitecore P12 and a UVBeast V3.
    3
  328. Thank you. It took me a few days to shoot this video. Illinois is home to over 30 species of snakes by the way.
    3
  329. Thank you so much, it means a lot. I have not been around very long though.
    3
  330. The purpose of fluorescence under UV, if there even is one, among all arachnids (and some other arthropods) that possess this trait is largely unknown. The compounds responsible for this effect are not as mysterious, but don’t provide much insight into understanding why so many taxa share this trait. To your point on communication, consider the fact that many species with little to no reliance on eyesight or interactions with conspecifics also fluoresce under UV. This is part of what makes this case difficult: finding a common thread that links a diverse array of species.
    3
  331. From Schmidt et. al. 2000: "The organic composition of the secretion consists of 83% acetic acid, 15% octanoic acid, 1% (Z)-5-octenoic acid, 0.0002% of the corresponding (E)-isomer, 0.11% heptanoic acid, 0.02% hexanoic acid, 0.007% decanoic acid, and in some individuals a trace of 2-nonanone". This quote is referring to Mastigoproctus giganteus, which should give us accurate insight into Valeriophonus nara's acid spray composition.
    3
  332. Scolopendra alternans! I found many of these while I was in Puerto Rico. The Dominican Republic has the largest ones if I am not mistaken (even though the locale references the island, Hispaniola, as a whole). Very cool.
    3
  333. Thank you. I moved out of California a couple years ago. Surely I will return someday for a video or two, but don't hold your breath. :O
    3
  334. I’m not entirely sure, especially considering that they possess no venom, but there’s at least one record of such an occurrence. There are some that have a legspan greater than 20cm, so size is likely quite an important factor. I have seen a video of one picking up an autotomized skink’s tail (that was still writhing) in its chelicerae though.
    3
  335. Very infrequently.
    3
  336.  @DEAexotics  I don’t really buy scorpions, so I cannot make any recommendations, sorry.
    3
  337. Thank you so much, Isaiah. :D
    3
  338. I have never been further east than the Persian Gulf, so I do not have any experience in that region of the world. I do know that the climate is quite humid during peak insect activity, so you should be extra wary of desiccation. If you have a general idea of the species you seek, I may be able to provide better advice.
    3
  339. Appreciate you sticking around.
    3
  340. People handle venomous snakes more often than most realize. For example, Heterodon nasicus is commonly kept as a pet, yet it is mildly venomous. Of course, a Heterodon bite couldn’t kill you unless you were allergic to the venom. The snake in this video is nowhere near as venomous as the average viper. In fact, had I been bitten, I’d have likely only had a bit of swelling. However, the reason I was apprehensive was because there is a case where someone was hospitalized for six days after being bitten by a Malpolon monspessulanus (no allergies).
    3
  341. An endoscope. I have one, but the software has expired, so I need to get a new one.
    3
  342. Thank you, Diego. :D
    3
  343. Thank you. Sorry for the lack of Hadurus-centered videos. :O
    3
  344. In my experience, the best time to find them is in April. Search grasslands or otherwise open areas with a minimal density of trees. The best rocks to look under are the ones that are flat and not too far deep in the ground, but rather just laying on the surface. If you aren't met with success in one area, you should move to another; sometimes they have low densities in certain regions for reasons which may not be apparent at all.
    3
  345. Yes, you can.
    3
  346. They were quite common both times I was in range for them. That being said, it may benefit you to search for them at night if the conditions are hot and dry.
    3
  347. I'll start looking for them in two weeks.
    3
  348. An Amazon Tree Grape. Tasty.
    3
  349. I've watched quite a few. You certainly find some interesting species. This is one of the Mexican states I wish to visit. I've got to go back someday.
    3
  350. They aren't very picky. I recommend soil that is just mostly composed of clay.
    3
  351. A lot of driving, but yes, a lot to see out here.
    3
  352. Thank you, I will. :)
    3
  353. They were cold.
    3
  354. Pseudocellus dorotheae is known only from Edinburg, Texas. They live in sandy soil in relatively xeric hardwood forest.
    3
  355. Most of them are not inclined to bite, but do not be mistaken, I get bitten by tiger centipedes regularly in the wild.
    3
  356. Thank you. 8.4% of the views on this channel had English subtitles on, so it is definitely worth the effort.
    3
  357. Thank you so much. :)
    3
  358. The blue one was probably in shed. I advise against keeping them in captivity because it is illegal. All US Anniella species are federally protected.
    3
  359. Thank you. :D
    3
  360. Mezzanine. That’s what I was going for.
    3
  361. They might if not handled properly.
    3
  362. Black hairy scorpions, Hadrurus spadix, live in that area. I've been there a couple times but did not look for any.
    3
  363. Thank you. :)
    3
  364. Thank you, Jakob. I have another spider-oriented video to release, but several other videos need to be published first. :)
    3
  365. Thank you so much for joining. :D
    3
  366. I live and search for animals in California.
    3
  367. True.
    3
  368. Thank you so much. :)
    3
  369. That is awesome. A lot of Mexico is definitely packed with Scorpion diversity. The most species found in one area in the US, to my knowledge, is 11 total.
    3
  370. Thank you, Paul. :D
    3
  371. They are not from the same family. Different spinneret morphology as I understand it.
    3
  372. Thank you so much. I'm glad that you enjoy the content. :)
    3
  373. I can do that. It may be quite a while before it is published though.
    3
  374. Thank you so much.
    3
  375. I know you’re referring to centipedes in general, but the species in this video happens to be the only exotic Scolopendra I own at the moment. :D
    3
  376. Thank you so much. :)
    3
  377. You are most welcome. Thank you for watching. :D
    3
  378. Thank you very much. Glad you enjoy the content. :)
    3
  379. I hope my content will reach more viewers like yourself. :)
    3
  380. Nice. :D
    3
  381. No, but I know I must.
    3
  382. Smeringurus species are among some of the best beginner species, especially S. vachoni.
    3
  383.  @Adriel-ry4zg  Yes, they just aren’t as hardy.
    3
  384. :O
    3
  385. They are Natterjack Toads. :D
    3
  386. No
    3
  387. They share a lineage with Xantusiidae and Cordylidae. Seems that there is some debate on that though.
    3
  388. Thank you. :D
    3
  389.  @haydnr01  This population of E. flavicaudis which you are referring to is actually introduced. The British Isles have no native scorpions.
    3
  390. Sounds like they are indeed Latrodectus to me.
    3
  391. Those are spinnerets. They are used for laying down webbing.
    3
  392. Not yet.
    3
  393. It is a UV flashlight that I am using. All scorpions except those in the family Chaerilidae fluoresce under this wavelength.
    3
  394. Atypus and Nemesia are the only Mygalomorph genera found in Croatia that I’m aware of.
    3
  395. I've been a bit slow on that end, my bad. Recorded, but not yet edited. I won't fib, it may be a while.
    3
  396. Thank you, Jasper.
    3
  397. Thank you so much. :D
    3
  398. Thank you. :D
    3
  399. Thank you.
    3
  400. Yes.
    3
  401. I find S. polymorpha in many locations. The ones in this video were found in Solano County, CA.
    2
  402. Certainly not. A. corporalis should be at the very top for Orthoptera.
    2
  403. Thank you, Eshan. :D
    2
  404. I appreciate it.
    2
  405. I either find them myself or know someone who can send them to me. That’s why so many of them are US natives.
    2
  406. I have to keep that format of video on hold for now because they don't allow live animals where I am currently living.
    2
  407. Thank you, Amanda. :D
    2
  408. This is probably true. It also helps them to camouflage among the branches.
    2
  409. Thank you, Jessy! :)
    2
  410. Do you think it could have been a Coleonyx mitratus?
    2
  411. Thank you very much. :)
    2
  412. I am uncertain as to whether they have that ability at all.
    2
  413.  @franxcis2059  I believe so. You live in Southeast Asia?
    2
  414. :D
    2
  415. There are a few things I’d like to see in Poland. If I find a meteorite, I will include it in a video for you. :)
    2
  416.  @ziperek2002  I am not sure about where I would want to go, but I would like to find Atypus muralis, Lucanus cervus, Orcytes nasicornis, Typhaeus typhoeus, as well as a few others over there. I know the former can be found in Gostynińsko Włocławski Park Krajobrazowy.
    2
  417.  @haydnr01  You should try for Atypus affinis next time you’re there too.
    2
  418. There is practically no chance that you will retrieve the centipede that escaped, sorry. As far as care for the other ones goes, Lithobius just need perpetually damp, loamy soil and to be fed small invertebrates (soft-bodied is best) every couple of weeks or so.
    2
  419. Thank you. That would be cool. :)
    2
  420. This is a good hypothesis.
    2
  421. :D
    2
  422. In some areas of Arizona they are somewhat common, but in other areas they can be quite rare.
    2
  423. About 3 or 4 hours.
    2
  424. I release the vast majority of them.
    2
  425. Don't procrastinate too much. :O
    2
  426. Thank you very much, Victor. :D
    2
  427. Thank you. :D
    2
  428. Thank you.
    2
  429. The insect is a tiger beetle, specifically Odontocheila exilis.
    2
  430. Yes, A. chalcodes are indeed similar. Look for webbed burrows on steep hillsides with minimal erosion. These burrows have distinctive webbing and are usually the diameter of a half dollar. They also often have a bolus or two as well as some excavated soil near their entrance. This is where the female specimen you seek resides.
    2
  431. Technically, I don’t think so. Arthropods don’t produce melanin to begin with. They may lack the various other pigments they are supposed to produce, but that may not fit the definition of albino.
    2
  432. It depends on the location and the time of the year. In this instance, there was something to be fond under most of the rocks.
    2
  433. You know it.
    2
  434. I’m not sure what this behavior is. I’ve wondered myself. Seems to only occur with larger ones.
    2
  435. Thank you. :D
    2
  436. Yes, it snows in Southern France, especially at high elevation, just not as much as in the North.
    2
  437. I can agree with that. Most of my favorite Opilione species have short legs. Short-legged Opiliones encompass most of the species with unusually shaped abdomens, strange protrusions (typically spines), disproportionate chelicerae, and UV-fluorescent exoskeletons.
    2
  438. I actually flipped a board with four of them beneath it just a couple weeks ago. I'm moving out of California in just a few months, but I appreciate your offer. :)
    2
  439. Part II coming this Sunday. :)
    2
  440. The difference is even more stark when you consider that the average adult male Aliatypus trapdoor spider in that region likely never eats following its final molt.
    2
  441. Thank you! :D
    2
  442. I didn’t think I had a chance of keying out the specimens to a lower taxon unless I collected one. This area was protected. Was I correct in my assumption?
    2
  443. Solano County.
    2
  444. Thank you so much. :D
    2
  445. This species has red pedipalps as juveniles, but loses that coloration with each molt.
    2
  446. There is a population of Arizona bark scorpions in California living on a couple of mountains near the CA-AZ border. They may be introduced. The Beck's desert scorpion is Paruroctonus becki.
    2
  447. I was thinking maybe T. pachyurus.
    2
  448. Thank you so much. The rock engravings are somewhere between 4,000 to 10,000 years old. I accidentally used an estimate from a neighboring region in the original audio, so I cut it from the video.
    2
  449. Thank you so much. :D
    2
  450. Thank you. :D
    2
  451. Thank you.
    2
  452. Thank you so much! :D
    2
  453. Thank you very much, Andy.
    2
  454. I have one in the works. Not sure when it will be published though.
    2
  455. No way! hehehe.
    2
  456. Thank you very much, Oliver. :)
    2
  457. Trapdoor spiders live throughout practically all of Texas (Euctenizidae and Halonoproctidae).
    2
  458.  @dxddysonnyyy3599  Embankments near streams are ideal, especially the ones with high clay composition and few rocks.
    2
  459. These pose a low threat.
    2
  460. Sometimes.
    2
  461. Are you from California too?
    2
  462.  @aoconnor2933  Thank you. :)
    2
  463. Likely not shock. Depending on the circumstances in which you found it, there’s a good chance that its time was already up. As opposed to a great deal of other mammal groups, shrews and moles are most often encountered by humans when they are in poor shape or already dead.
    2
  464. Thank you.
    2
  465. 2 and 3.
    2
  466. I am definitely considering it.
    2
  467. You are welcome. :D
    2
  468. I did not, but thank you. New lens. :D
    2
  469.  @masterbuilderproductions  Yes, though the subspecies is now invalid.
    2
  470. Thank you. :D
    2
  471. C. sculpturatus does not range very far west into California. This was quite far east in the Mojave, so I was out of range for this species. I did find several near the Arizona border during the same trip.
    2
  472. I assume your question is regarding the purpose. There are some hypotheses, but the consensus is that it is still unknown.
    2
  473. I don’t know. There are a few other places I have to be first.
    2
  474. :D
    2
  475. Yes, many times.
    2
  476. Check my most recent upload. :D
    2
  477. I am aware. I do not have an account there, so there is nothing I can do about it. I still appreciate you notifying me though.
    2
  478. Presumably this trait is conducive to better vision. Generally, smaller eyes are found on scorpions that leave their burrow infrequently. An extreme progression of this trend in evolution is what causes a troglodyte scorpion to eventually lose its eyes. There are many exceptions to this trend, however.
    2
  479. Thank you. :D
    2
  480. :D
    2
  481.  @robbyrob8349  Awesome. I've been to Italy a few times but never in search of scorpions, however, I have flipped scorpions from he same genus as the ones you found, Euscorpius, in neighboring France. :D
    2
  482. Thank you for doing this. :D
    2
  483. Scorpions live throughout the Santa Cruz Mountains and Diablo Range.
    2
  484. :D
    2
  485. The largest chunk of my time spent outdoors is for recreational purposes.
    2
  486. My bad. It's due to low blood sugar.
    2
  487. :D
    2
  488. Thank you, Victor. Yes, I am one of the authors of that publication. To be clear, we did not discover the scorpions but rather described them.
    2
  489. I live in the Bay Area, but I find centipedes practically everywhere I go. This video was shot hours from where I live.
    2
  490. Thank you. :D
    2
  491. Bites from S. polymorpha are much less painful than that of S. subspinipes.
    2
  492. So sad.
    2
  493. Depends on the area. My safety net for this place was that I roughly knew the local watershed. All the little streams led back to the same main river, which I was quite familiar with.
    2
  494. Thank you.
    2
  495. Thank you. Your request is a must. Unfortunately the various Tityus and Ananteris species I saw during this trip won’t be in any videos. Quite a sad state of affairs. I promise they will be represented the next time I’m in the Neotropics. Your Mexico and Argentina endpoints are also high on my list.
    2
  496. I'm going to go looking for a couple species that can be found east of Sacramento, but in an area closer to where I live.
    2
  497. Thank you for the identification. I edited the description.
    2
  498. Thank you. :)
    2
  499. Thank you very much, Kevin. :D
    2
  500. These centipedes are quite friendly. Even if they were to bite, the effects of the venom would be mild.
    2
  501. Thank you, Alejandro!
    2
  502. They are unrelated. There are many snake genera which have evolved to consume mollusks.
    2
  503. False Tarantulas are from the family Nemesiidae while tarantulas comprise Theraphosidae.
    2
  504. :D
    2
  505. Thank you very much, Jason. :D
    2
  506. Thank you. Our moles in California are almost always found in and around forests.
    2
  507. It is not. I don’t know which species is the largest, but some of the largest genera I know of are from southern Africa.
    2
  508.  @-cultruz-9846  I will do my best to stay consistent. Thanks again!
    2
  509. I suspect that the ones you found were California Trapdoor Spiders (Bothriocyrtum californicum). They are quite common in the LA Basin. They are not deadly, but do have a painful bite.
    2
  510.  @angelozicarelli541  If you are referring to Olios giganteus, they have very mild venom. Nothing to be wary of. Arizona has several species of trapdoor spiders, but they are all generally uncommon.
    2
  511. Arachnologist. I study scorpions.
    2
  512. :D
    2
  513. It highly depends. Sometimes I'm out for the day and other times I'm out for an hour. I was out for 2-3 hours while shooting this video.
    2
  514. I’m fairly certain that those are its organs. It could still also be gravid though.
    2
  515. I’ve seen this species before. I’ll dedicate a video to them someday.
    2
  516. Welcome. :D
    2
  517. Just a variation in this population. Hopefully she does not eat her eggs (as they often do).
    2
  518.  @marknoelmarcelino4437  Sorry to hear. Better luck next time.
    2
  519. I had not noticed. Thank you for pointing that out. :D
    2
  520. :D
    2
  521. Thank you, Amiyrah. :)
    2
  522. I have received the plaque. :D
    2
  523. I doubt that I will be away from Central America for too long.
    2
  524. Thank you, Fahmi.
    2
  525. Thank you. :D
    2
  526. Bay Area.
    2
  527. No, unfortunately, I am not immune. The legitimacy of built immunity is highly questionable. Glad you had a change of heart with centipedes. :)
    2
  528. I may start doing that later, but for now you can find them in the description.
    2
  529. I can't imagine that it was the most memorable sting.
    2
  530. Thank you, Arthur. :D
    2
  531. Thank you. Glad you like it. :)
    2
  532. Thank you so much. I am happy that you enjoy my videos. :D
    2
  533. You are most welcome.
    2
  534. Thank you! :D
    2
  535. Appreciate that. Thank you so much. :D
    2
  536. Try leaving dead crickets in the enclosure overnight.
    2
  537. You are welcome. :D
    2
  538. H. carolinensis will show up in future videos, though it may be a while.
    2
  539. Thank you. :D
    2
  540. Texas has 19 species of scorpions if I am not mistaken.
    2
  541.  @frankdughtank8327  Thank you so much, there will be more. :)
    2
  542. Thank you for this. Being familiar with the species presented in the video (though they are not formally introduced) made it all the more captivating.
    2
  543. Almost certainly M. carcinus. The pereiopods of M. acanthurus are also long and slender, but that species is relatively small. Saw quite a few H. charithonia in Costa Rica (more than H. erato during the day), but never figured out where they were hanging at night. The part about daytime routes makes a lot of sense; they seem to make heavy use of cleared trails.
    2
  544. Thank you.
    2
  545. Thank you.
    2
  546. I don’t get much feedback on them. Thank you. :D
    2
  547. No. The Aliatypus is part of a known ambiguous population. As for the Eremobates, I would lose a significant chunk of my life if I spent time identifying every random generic camel spider I came across.
    2
  548. Where would that be?
    2
  549. Thank you. :D
    2
  550. That is definitely not true.
    2
  551. There most certainly will be.
    2
  552. Thank you. They are called lamellate antennae. Indeed, they can spread apart and reconstrict.
    2
  553. This is not true. Skinks are harmless.
    2
  554. Bay Area, CA.
    2
  555.  @hwcsc6126  Arabian Peninsula - late February to early March.
    2
  556. Euscorpius shows up in a couple of my upcoming videos. They do live in Croatia.
    2
  557.  @aoconnor2933  I have kept quite a few S. polymorpha from West Texas, so I can confirm that they are, indeed, quite beautiful.
    2
  558. Not much worse than a bee sting. Only ever been stung once by Anuroctonus though.
    2
  559. Your best bet would be searching roads adjacent to grassland on hot nights, especially at lower elevation.
    2
  560. Thank you. I live in the US. I travelled to Panama to shoot these videos.
    2
  561.  @masterbuilderproductions  I do not give out locations, sorry.
    2
  562. :D
    2
  563. My thoughts exactly.
    2
  564. The editing software I use allows for 4k as well. I may upload in that size later down the road if I can get my storage space sorted out. I appreciate the offer.
    2
  565. Yes, 3.5" from aculeus to chelicerae or 4.5" if you include the pedipalps.
    2
  566. Thank you so much. :)
    2
  567. Likely all Scolopendra spp. bite given the right circumstances.
    2
  568. To my knowledge, this has not yet been observed. Some are known to feed on Varroa spp. though.
    2
  569. Thank you. :D
    2
  570. Thank you. :D
    2
  571. Fenix PD36R V2.0 for hiking and a 50 LED Digipower attachment for filming animals.
    2
  572. I think so too. :D
    2
  573. That is great. This field is always in need of more academics and you are certainly in one of the best states to pursue this interest. Best of luck to you. :D
    2
  574. It is difficult to pinch a scorpion's tail sometimes if it is lying flat against a hard surface. I use a twig or a blade of grass to tap them on the head if I want them to raise their tail.
    2
  575. Many times.
    2
  576. Thank you. :D
    2
  577. Thank you. :D
    2
  578. It is possible that a few species can be found in that county, but yours are very likely in the genus Eremobates. I do not think I can narrow it down further than that unfortunately.
    2
  579. Thank you. :D
    2
  580. Thank you, Andrew. I go outside as often as I can, which is usually 2 or 3 times a week, even here in France. Western Fence Lizards are the first reptile that I started out catching when I was a kid, so they definitely have a part in where I am today. The California King Snake is quite an iconic Californian snake, to the point where it’s one of the very few native snakes that’s allowed in the hobby within state borders. :D
    2
  581. I used the slow motion setting on my phone's camera.
    2
  582. It seems to be because their activity both as a caterpillar and moth is not very strictly associated with the summer monsoons. A good counter example to this is the Eacles oslari in this video. That species is highly associated with the monsoon season. If I’m not mistaken, E. oslari cannot experience two generation cycles in a single lineage during one monsoon season (all pupae overwinter).
    2
  583. :D
    2
  584. Thank you. :D
    2
  585.  @jakobpind  Go find yourself an Atypus if you haven’t already.
    2
  586. These ones were found near David.
    2
  587.  @deathsquadydg4299  I have another scorpion video to upload sometime soon. I caught the H. spadix myself. There is always a risk of parasites with wild caught animals.
    2
  588.  @deathsquadydg4299  If captive bred options are available and reasonably priced, absolutely. Otherwise, wild caught specimens rarely have complications.
    2
  589. That’s where this video was shot.
    2
  590. Welcome to the channel. :D
    2
  591. Thank you, Chris. :D
    2
  592. Thank you. :D
    2
  593. Which species do you find in Utah?
    2
  594.  @masterbuilderproductions  Unsurprising. Most western states have the same issue we do.
    2
  595. Smartphone with external light and lens clip attachments.
    2
  596. I like to move them from underneath the rocks to avoid crushing them, so I'm very used to getting bitten at this point. It isn't too bad.
    2
  597.  @aoconnor2933  It will probably take a bite or two to get there.
    2
  598. Thank you, Kaden. Always love reading your comments. :D
    2
  599. Oddly enough, there weren’t any in this area of Panama. Just Otostigmus.
    2
  600. Thank you. It will be a while before I publish any videos related to my collection.
    2
  601. Thank you, Milla. Regarding the beetle, you’re in luck because more Geotrupids show up in the next video I’m publishing. :D
    2
  602. No degree yet. This is mostly just a hobby.
    1
  603.  @g47._0  Yes, you can.
    1
  604.  @g47._0  Yes, Scolopendra polymorpha live in the Irvine area and throughout the LA basin.
    1
  605. Thank you, I will.
    1
  606. Thank you so much. Anniella are some of my favorite CA lizards. :D
    1
  607. These were found about an hour west of David.
    1
  608. Thank you. :D
    1
  609. I still live in California. This is just temporary.
    1
  610. Thank you so much, Oliver.
    1
  611. Thank you very much. :D
    1
  612. Thank you for catching this. Please contact @bothrops_et_al on Instagram or email me for his email address. He has photos of all of the tarantulas that were seen on this trip, including juvenile Psalmopoeus that don’t appear to be the species you mention. We would appreciate your help sorting this out.
    1
  613. Thank you. :D
    1
  614. Thank you, Kaden! :D
    1
  615. Thank you.
    1
  616. Thank you. :D
    1
  617. I have not.
    1
  618. Thank you. Yes, a critter keeper will work fine. Just be wary of thinner materials that Jerusalem crickets tend to chew through. I typically feed my scorpions every other week.
    1
  619. It depends on the species in question.
    1
  620. :D
    1
  621. You just have to be in the right place at the right time of year.
    1
  622. Thank you, Andrew. :D
    1
  623. I’m moving out of California.
    1
  624. :D
    1
  625. Thank you. :D
    1
  626. :D
    1
  627. Not yet.
    1
  628. Thank you. :D
    1
  629. There are also Phrynus. Beyond that, I am not sure.
    1
  630. I didn’t think that the ants were capable of subduing the centipede (had they been carnivorous), it’s just that I’ve seen ants attack other creatures sharing the same cover many times in the past, even in groups way too small to cause any harm. Also, sometimes I find arthropods with a single ant latched onto a leg. I know many species are capable of forming large groups to overpower prey, but it often looks like a few ants just made a miscalculation after observing them for a while. Thank you for your expertise as always.
    1
  631. 30 minutes west of David.
    1
  632. Freshly hatched camel spiders remain immobile for a considerable time before they molt again and become active (especially surface active). That said, the juveniles can certainly be seasonal and camel spiders are quite common in many parts of California. Never heard of someone seeing hundreds in a night though. :O
    1
  633. I appreciate that some viewers are interested in seeing some behind the scenes content but the appeal is just too narrow. A video like that would, in all likelihood, perform quite poorly.
    1
  634. Thank you as always, Frank. I am quite contented to pass this mark. :D
    1
  635. Thank you. :)
    1
  636. How do you mean?
    1
  637. It took about two hours to find the first adult that day. My first ever Scolopendra heros took months to find because, after moving to Arizona, I first began going outdoors around late winter.
    1
  638. Thank you. :)
    1
  639. Thank you. Made me laugh.
    1
  640. Thank you. I've only seen Myrmecophilids in California and France.
    1
  641. I'm back home. No Ctenid bites. They were quite common in this area; I could see one every several meters on a good night (not just this species). :O
    1
  642. :D
    1
  643. Thank you. I appreciate your periodic help with ant identifications. :D
    1
  644. Thank you, Frank. :D
    1
  645. Thank you very much, Rob.
    1
  646. Thank you.
    1
  647. :D
    1
  648. Yes.
    1
  649. :D
    1
  650. Coincidentally, a Gopher Snake was going to be in this video originally. I had found one on the single-lane road going up the mountain, but a couple cars were right behind me, so I couldn’t get any recordings unfortunately. Thank you for watching, Wayne.
    1
  651. I use Google satellite imagery and topographic maps.
    1
  652. They do this quite frequently, though I am still not sure why. It does not seem to be correlated with defensive behavior from what I can tell.
    1
  653. :D
    1
  654. I find this species all over the dry areas between the delta and the Los Angeles basin. The ones you see in this video were found around a dirt road in northern Diablo.
    1
  655. Thank you. I will certainly be making videos dedicated to beetles, possibly even in Panama. Nothing planned for the moment though.
    1
  656. Thank you.
    1
  657. I do not understand this behavior much either.
    1
  658. No, I don’t live in Panama.
    1
  659. Bites from Aphonopelma tarantulas are rare and quite mild anyway.
    1
  660. This was in the Diablo Range but not near Pleasanton.
    1
  661. I left already but I’m sure I’ll be in range for Nebo again soon.
    1
  662. It is an adult male Ghilianella strigata. Perhaps one day it will have a full clip dedicated to it.
    1
  663. There are several articles on the components of the venom of O. scrobiculosus (check on PubMed), however, they are not the kinds of sources I would use to estimate the severity of the effects on humans.
    1
  664. Thank you very much. :D
    1
  665. Thank you. :D
    1
  666. Thank you. :D
    1
  667. It is a male Ghilianella strigata.
    1
  668.  @masterbuilderproductions  Just to clarify, this is Hadrurus anzaborrego, a very similar looking species. I got stung by a pallid H. arizonensis a few months back and it did not go so well, so I’m avoiding stings from this genus for the time being.
    1
  669. One is in the works.
    1
  670. Thank you. :D
    1
  671. Thank you.
    1
  672. I found both Scolopocryptops and Omus while I was out shooting this video, I just decided not to include them. I am almost positive that Scolopocryptops cannot attain the sizes that T. californiensis can.
    1
  673. One month. I have been back for a while now, but the publication dates of the Panama videos are staggered because I am much busier than usual.
    1
  674.  @zambimaru  It's not too bad.
    1
  675. Macraspis chrysis
    1
  676. Consider posting it here so we can take a look. :D
    1
  677. :D
    1
  678. Thank you, Juliana. :D
    1
  679. :D
    1
  680. Thank you for the identification. :D
    1
  681. If I ever pass through Lisbon, I’ll be sure to visit.
    1
  682. I understand your concern, however, I would like to point out that the Fire Salamanders in the Netherlands are dying from a new species of fungus, B. salamandrivorans, discovered from that very population. There is no way I could have transferred that fungus to the salamanders in France. Also, fungi that infect amphibians are spread primarily by footwear.
    1
  683. What is your reasoning for this?
    1
  684.  @darrendrake3737  Quite a subtle characteristic. Granulation is more variable than proportions and, in this case, these Centruroides do not have the shorter fingers of C. edwardsii.
    1
  685.  @jf5032  That is its ovipositor.
    1
  686. Certainly unexpected.
    1
  687. Some of them, yes. Most are released.
    1
  688. You are welcome. :D
    1
  689. Thank you so much, Shane.
    1
  690. They pass 2000 meters but I do not know their limit.
    1
  691.  @mazmurlo9283  After looking into it a bit more, it seems that their upper limit is dictated by the presence of suitable habitat, not necessarily elevation itself. The forest may become too sparse for the centipede much before the unknown elevation cap for this species.
    1
  692. I’ll make my way over someday.
    1
  693. iPhone 11 with lens and LED accessories.
    1
  694. Thank you. :D
    1
  695. Thank you. They are between 4,000 to 10,000 years old. A wide range, I know. Someone with more expertise could narrow that down much further.
    1
  696. Yes. The local hospitals are supposed to carry the antivenom for this species. I was less than an hour away.
    1
  697. I suspect that the heavy rains flood them out of their burrows occasionally. That region is one of the rainiest on the planet.
    1
  698. They are not currently in my possession.
    1
  699. Thank you. Glad you enjoyed. :)
    1
  700. I don’t know if I am pronouncing it correctly. :O
    1
  701. Thank you, Sabrina.
    1
  702. This one was found near David. It should be T. pachyurus, but you could be right.
    1
  703. Will do. Thank you. :D
    1
  704. Thank you. :D
    1
  705. That would be a little ambitious, but thank you. :D
    1
  706. Thank you, Bryson.
    1
  707. I’m not a big fan of the interface, but I may consider it in the future. For now, I do not believe that I can currently get enough people involved such that members would gain something from joining. I’ll have to think more about what the server would entail.
    1
  708. False Tarantula, Calisoga longitarsis.
    1
  709. I titled the video after the specific epithet of the tarantula (X. monstrosa).
    1
  710. Funnel-web spiders in the family Atracidae have medically significant venom. These trapdoor spiders have relatively mild venom.
    1
  711. Ah, I had considered it. Thank you for confirming.
    1
  712. No degree yet. It is highly unlikely that I’ll ever open a Discord channel. I don’t even use the app.
    1
  713. They really are. I never get tired of seeing them, even when they are many.
    1
  714. They certainly do.
    1
  715. Thank you, John. :D
    1
  716. :D
    1
  717. You are welcome. :D
    1
  718. Thank you very much, Bob. There are specific microhabitats to search for their burrows, but aside from that, it just took me many years to train my eyes to recognize the doors. It is no easy task when just starting out. I wish you much luck. :D
    1
  719. :D
    1
  720.  @marknoelmarcelino4437  They can lay another clutch fertilized by the same sperm from the last clutch. I've heard that they are able to do this a couple times.
    1
  721. Adult male Ghilianella strigata.
    1
  722. Thank you so much.
    1
  723. Sounds like either a Centruroides gracilis or caribbeanus to me. That sting had the potential to be far more painful than it was.
    1
  724. You are welcome.
    1
  725. Thank you for the identification. Like I said, I’m no cockroach expert. I have yet to see any whip spiders out during the day. Maybe next time.
    1
  726. Not for at least a couple years.
    1
  727. Thank you. Not sure yet if I will use it; it tends to have consistently low audience reach.
    1
  728. Thank you very much. :D
    1
  729. Nice one.
    1
  730.  @Mothobius  I do not.
    1
  731. Thank you very much.
    1
  732. :D
    1
  733. Thank you. :D
    1
  734. Thank you, Kerem. :D
    1
  735. Thank you.
    1
  736. This is what I said in the original clip. :O
    1
  737. Jaguar attacks on humans are exceedingly rare.
    1
  738. I must admit that it’s fairly low on my list.
    1
  739. I’m going to have a video on those out soon. :D
    1
  740. :D
    1
  741. They will show up in the upcoming videos.
    1
  742. Thank you so much. :D
    1
  743. Thank you. I have 3 videos on reptiles recorded. Working on the edits now.
    1
  744. Surely they must have quite the refined palate.
    1
  745. Thank you very much once again. :D
    1
  746. It depends on the location.
    1
  747. Thank you so much for the help. :D
    1
  748. No, but I’ve kept my eye out for the larvae for quite a while now.
    1
  749. Thank you as always.
    1
  750. Will do. Make sure to check out this video I did: https://youtu.be/G4bMUBgiQ0E
    1
  751.  @nickisnolg499  No, they do not.
    1
  752. Bay Area.
    1
  753.  @chavascatch  Yes, unfortunately you have to drive to get anywhere, unless you live at the city edge. The area in this video was over an hour away from where I live.
    1
  754.  @mandriamontgomery8968  Diablo Range.
    1
  755. Thank you. :)
    1
  756. Southeastern coast.
    1
  757. Those orb-weavers are so unreliable. They never seem to stay in one spot for more than a week.
    1
  758. I’ve not been east of Taos. I’d love to go out there but there is already so much to film in neighboring Arizona, which is the state I spend the majority of my time in.
    1
  759. Thank you so much. A couple more centipedes in the next upload. :D
    1
  760. I did not see any dart frogs while I was there unfortunately.
    1
  761. Yes, I was on a farm while shooting this video.
    1
  762. This was shot in the Diablo Range.
    1
  763. Thank you very much, Adam! :D
    1
  764. Thank you.
    1
  765. Venomous, yes.
    1
  766.  @nickisnolg499  There are no deadly scorpion species in Croatia.
    1
  767. Thank you. I only visited two places: farmland near David and a cloud forest just north of Volcán.
    1
  768. I'm not so satisfied with the mating theory either. If you look at the last several seconds of this video, you can see one of the scorpions sting another in the mating group. The affected scorpion fully recovered within less than 10 minutes. Mating or not, these scorpions seem like they would have quite a difficult time accidentally killing one another.
    1
  769. Thank you so much, this means a lot to me. :)
    1
  770. Do you think it was a Lithobiomorph?
    1
  771. Uploads will remain sparse for the next two months. My apologies.
    1
  772. Thank you.
    1
  773. Thank you. :D
    1
  774. Thank you so much. :D
    1
  775. Thank you. :D
    1
  776. You are welcome. :D
    1
  777. Thank you. :D
    1
  778. :O
    1
  779. There are snakes in Denmark.
    1
  780. No.
    1
  781. Thank you, Jonathan! :D
    1
  782. Thank you. :D
    1
  783. Thank you. :D
    1
  784. I may do that someday.
    1
  785. Thank you. It has been suggested that the subaculear tubercle has evolved so that scorpions do not sting each other fatally during mating rituals. This trait is found in other scorpion taxa as well.
    1
  786. There is very little information on them available and they are quite diverse, so it may be a while before I can put something together.
    1
  787. :D
    1
  788. So sad.
    1
  789. Thank you, AJ.
    1
  790. Yes it is. This species typically only attains 2 cm in length.
    1
  791. Yes, I have my Instagram linked in the video description.
    1