Comments by "" (@user-si2dr1pn3p) on "How BIG was the Red Army in WW2?" video.
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@corerlt the largest Western bankers led Hitler and his Nazi Party to power for several years.
The huge amount of reparations after WW1 and the harsh conditions of payments led to the flight of German capital abroad and the refusal to pay taxes. The state budget deficit could be covered only by mass production of unsecured marks. The result of this situation was the "great inflation" of 1923, which amounted to a record 578,512%, when 4.2 trillion had to be given for one dollar. marks! In fact, it was the collapse of the German monetary unit.
The London Conference of 1924 adopted a new procedure for reparations payments to Germany, the so-called "Dawes plan". Thanks to this plan, German payments were halved to 1 billion gold marks. In addition, there was a stabilization of the German mark, which provided favorable conditions for American investment. According to the plan developed in the bowels of the J. P. Morgan company, a loan of $ 200 million was provided to Germany (half of it fell on the Morgan banking house). By August 1924, a monetary reform was carried out — the old German mark was replaced with a new one. Thus, Germany was prepared for financial assistance from the United States. Until 1929, loans in the amount of 21 billion marks were received mainly from the United States to Germany.
As a result, already in 1929, the German industry took the second place in the world. However, the Germans paid for loans with shares of industrial enterprises, so Anglo-American capital began to actively penetrate into Germany and occupied a significant sector in the German economy. In particular, the well-known German chemical concern IG Farbenindustry was controlled by the American Standard Oil (i.e., the Rockefeller house); depending on General Electric (Morgan), there were Siemens and AEG; the American ITT corporation owned up to 40% of German telephone networks. German metallurgy was largely dependent on Rockefeller, the Opel company was under the control of General Motors. The Anglo-Saxons did not forget the banking sector, the railways, in general, all more or less valuable German assets.
According to the German Chancellor Heinrich Breuning (he held the post of chancellor in 1930-1932), already since 1923, Adolf Hitler received significant amounts from abroad, through banks in Switzerland and Sweden. Already in 1922, Hitler's "viewing" took place – in Munich, the Fuhrer met with the American military attache in Germany, Captain Truman Smith. An American intelligence officer made a very flattering report about Hitler to the Military Intelligence Department. It was Smith who introduced Ernst Hanfstaengl to Hitler's entourage. He provided him with acquaintances and connections with high-ranking figures abroad, supported him financially. During the Second World War, Hanfstaengl served in the United States in the White House as an expert on NSDAP affairs.
After the autumn of 1929, a crisis was provoked in the world and in Germany, which led to an increase in social tension and radicalization of the political field. The Federal Reserve and the House of Morgan decide to stop lending to the Weimar Republic, having inspired the banking crisis and economic depression in the country. In September 1931, the Bank of England abandoned the gold standard, which was a deliberate destruction of the international payment system. The "financial oxygen" of the Weimar Republic was completely blocked. Naturally, financial and economic problems led to an increase in social tension in Germany and an automatic increase in the popularity of radical political forces, the NSDAP. The Nazis received good funding, and joining the ranks of the Stormtroopers ensured the stability of their members and families. The press, as if on command, begins to praise Hitler, his party and program.
On January 4, 1932, Hitler and the future Reich Chancellor Franz von Papen met with the governor of the Bank of England, Montague Norman. The meeting was also attended by brothers John and Allen Dulles, the future Secretary of State and head of the US CIA. At this meeting, an agreement was concluded on the financing of the NSDAP. In January 1933, another important meeting took place – Hitler had a conversation with von Papen, the banker Kurt von Schroeder and the industrialist Wilhelm Kepler. They provided the Fuhrer with support from German financial and industrial groups. As a result of this meeting, the path to power for the Nazis was finally cleared. On January 30, Hitler became the head of the government.
Moreover, after a visit to the United States in May 1933 by the new head of the Reichsbank, Hjalmar Schacht, and a meeting with American President Franklin Roosevelt and major Wall Street financiers, the Americans allocated new loans to Germany in the amount of up to $ 1 billion. In June 1933, Schacht visited Great Britain and achieved a new success. After a meeting with the governor of the Bank of England, Norman, England provides Germany with a loan of $ 2 billion and reduces and then cancels payments on old loans.
In 1934, Standard Oil will build gasoline plants in the Reich, and the American companies Pratt-Whitney and Douglas will transfer a number of patents to German aircraft builders. In general, the level of annual American investments in Germany is increasing to $ 500 million per year. It is the generous Western investments that will become the basis of the" German miracle", turning Germany into the economic leader of Europe.
The financing of the Hitler regime by the United States continued during the Second World War.
It remains to add that all the propaganda materials for the so-called Goebels Nazi propaganda were developed and printed in the United States.
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@corerlt The USSR made 3 payments in the amount of $48 million by 1973. There are 3 mandatory payments: $12 million on October 18, 1972, $24 million on July 1, 1973, $12 million on July 1, 1975. According to the agreement with the United States, the remaining amount - $ 674 million - was to be paid by 2001. In 1990, under a new agreement, the Soviet side pledged to pay $674 million by 2030 - taking into account inflation, only $ 100 million according to the 1946 model. After the collapse of the USSR, the Russian Federation signed bilateral agreements with the former republics on the "zero option", under which the Russian Federation assumes all the debts of the USSR. In exchange, the former republics of the Soviet Union gave up their share in the assets of the USSR. Thus, on April 2, 1993, the Russian Federation assumed the debts of the USSR, including lend-lease obligations. The debts were divided into public debts (Paris Club) and debts to banks (London Club). The US lend-lease debt was finally paid and closed as part of a settlement agreement with the Paris Club on August 21, 2006.
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