Youtube comments of Overly Sarcastic Productions (@OverlySarcasticProductions).

  1. congrats on being the first thing one million people thought of when they read the news today
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  2. For every YouTuber's genuine introspection about the nature of art and creation after this, there will be an equal and opposite "Hbomberguy Drama Is Crazy" video. -B
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  3. Hey gang! Can't help but notice the comment section is a little bit on fire. That's all good with me, but one recurring complaint I've noticed has started to get under my skin - namely that my explanation of non-euclidean geometry was insufficient, or even - dare I say - inaccurate. Now this is a fair complaint, because after a lifetime of experience finding that people's eyes glaze over when I talk math at them, I concluded that interrupting a half-hour horror video with a long-winded explanation of a mathematical concept wouldn't go over too well. I put it in layman's terms and used a simple example to illustrate the point. However, since some of the more mathematically-inclined of you took offense, I now present in full a short (but comprehensive) explanation of what exactly non-euclidean geometry is. First, we axiomatically establish euclidean geometry. Euclidean geometry has five axioms: 1. We can draw a straight line between any two points. 2. We can infinitely extend a finite straight line. 3. We can draw a circle with any center and radius. 4. All right angles are equal to one another. 5. If two lines intersect with a third line, and the sum of the inner angles of those intersections is less than 180º, then those two lines must intersect if extended far enough. Axiom #5 is known as the PARALLEL POSTULATE. It has many equivalent statements, including the Triangle Postulate ("the sum of the angles in every triangle is 180º") and Playfair's Axiom ("given a line and a point not on that line, there exists ONE line parallel to the given line that intersects the given point"). Euclidean geometry is, broadly, how geometry works on a flat plane. However, there are geometries where the parallel postulate DOES NOT hold. These geometries are called "non-euclidean geometries". There are, in fact, an infinite number of these geometries, and because the only defining characteristic is "the parallel postulate does not hold", they can be all kinds of crazy shapes. (As you can see, my explanation of "this is just how geometry works on a curved surface" is quite reductive, but at the same time serves to get the general impression across without going into too much detail.) An example of a non-euclidean geometry is "Elliptic geometry", geometry on n-dimensional ellipses, which includes "Spherical geometry" as a subset. Spherical geometry is, predictably enough, how geometry works on the two-dimensional surface of a three-dimensional sphere. In spherical geometry, "points" are defined the same as in euclidean geometry, but "line" is redefined to be "the shortest distance between two points over the surface of the sphere", since there is no such thing as a "straight line" on a curved surface. All "lines" in spherical geometry are segments of "great circles" (which is defined as the set of points that exist at the intersection between the sphere and a plane passing through the center of that sphere). The axiom that separates spherical geometry from euclidean geometry and replaces the parallel postulate is "5. There are NO parallel lines". In spherical geometry, every line is a segment of a great circle, and any two great circles intersect at exactly two points. If two lines intersect when extended, they cannot be parallel, and thus there are no parallel lines in spherical geometry. Since the Parallel Postulate is equivalent to Playfair's Axiom, the fact that no parallel lines exist in spherical geometry negates Playfair's Axiom, which thus negates the Parallel Postulate and defines spherical geometry as a non-euclidean geometry. Also, since the Triangle Postulate is another equivalent property to the Parallel Postulate, it is thus negated in spherical geometry. Hence, my use in-video of an example of a triangle drawn on the surface of a sphere whose inner angles sum greater than 180º. Hope that cleared things up (and helped explain why I didn't want to say "see, non-euclidean geometry is just a geometry where Euclid's Parallel Postulate doesn't hold - hold on, let me get the chalkboard to explain what THAT is-" in the video) Peace! -R ✌️
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  4. Hey dudes! Noticed a few running themes in the comments that I felt I hadn't adequately addressed, so I just wanted to pop in and discuss a couple of 'em! FIRST OFF: Yes, I know what a Gary Stu is. I didn't explicitly mention it because I consider it to be a subtrope of Mary Sue. SECOND OF ALL: I've seen a number of comments getting grumpy and saying that I lost them when I segued into "the gender thing," usually saying that I'm ascribing to sexism something that can simply be explained by overall trends in media and characterization. And I understand the anger! I knew that was going to happen when I decided to address the gender thing in the first place, and I almost didn't, because backlash is uncomfortable and I hate feeling like I've failed my audience. But in this case I felt like I'd regret it more if I didn't address something that I perceived as a real problem. I try not to censor myself just to avoid pissing off people who would disagree with me, so… here we are. Full disclosure: the idea that Mary Sue is a gender-weighted term is not mine. I agree with it, but I didn't come up with it. Heck, the Wikipedia page on "Mary Sue" even has a section that specifically addresses the idea that Mary Sue is disproportionately used to criticize female characters! (Check it out: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Sue#Criticism) This is a large part of why I felt I had to address it in the video, backlash be damned - it clearly wasn't something that only I was bothered by, you know? A lot of what I've seen in response has been "well on the message boards I hang out on, <male character> is CONSTANTLY called a Gary Stu, and I've never seen a female character called a Mary Sue!" And that's totally fair. We've all had different experiences! I only have my own to go on, and for the most part my experience in this particular area was seeing female characters I really liked being systematically demolished by fandoms for the crime of Sueness, and fans of those characters being hassled for liking such "problematic" content. And, of course, given that I personally quite like standard heroic characters, especially female ones, it makes sense that I would encounter a lot more female heroes being branded as Sues than those of you who don't share my preferences. Clearly a number of you have had a very different fandom experience than I have, and that's great! Life would be boring if we all lived it the same way. But just because we see things differently doesn't mean one of us is necessarily seeing things wrong. And, of course, the worst case scenario is that we recognize our disparate experiences and resulting worldviews, and agree to disagree. ;) Anyway, that's all I got tonight. Peace! ✌️
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  5. This is truly the "Line Goes Up" of AI Art -B
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  6. Sony Animation studios tearing their fucking hair out watching their colleagues in the live action department drink the Morb-Aid -B
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  7. Oops! Looks like Blue scheduled this video about ten hours early. Nobody panic! -R
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  8. NO GODDAMMIT IT'S 1200 CE NOT BCE NOOOOOO loki you rascal how dare you get into my scripts like this -R
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  9. whoops, uh - YES, way back in my Endymion video I DID say that Artemis loved Orion, but in my defense, I was a much less diligent researcher back then, and that little nugget of "common knowledge" was EVERYWHERE I LOOKED. I had to do some serious digging this time to find where it came from and how unsupported it really was. I wasn't kidding - that interpretation was so appealingly tropey that it eclipsed the MUCH larger body of work that completely contradicted it, and even completely unrelated articles and descriptions will mention "btw Artemis and Orion were totally smoochin" like it's a Thing. Mythology is fun like that! 😅 -R
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  10. "Censoring Swears with Quack.mp3"-gang rise up -B
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  11. thor 2 was so forgettable I forgot what number thor it was -R
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  12. "Tom Scott Situation is CRAZY" -40 basquillion views
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  13. that clear shot of the full Orion constellation in a blue day-looking sky isn't even the point of the video and yet it has immediately sold me better than any ad -R
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  14. All riiiiight, you've sold me, I'll watch Shin Godzilla! -R
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  15. Blue: Spends two weeks researching, writing, and producing a video about Scottish History Also Blue: USES THE WRONG FUCKING FLAG Rest assured, everybody, I'm veritably mortified by how badly I messed that up. -B
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  16. *A VERY IMPORTANT NOTE ABOUT THIS VIDEO* So… this is a strange situation and I'm not entirely sure how to handle it, but the TLDR is: I was mislead! This myth is fake! This site explains that many "Lenape" stories are actually misattributed, cobbled-together stories that muddy the waters of the actual Lenape cultural heritage: https://nanticokelenapemuseum.org/learning-center/curriculum-guidelines/1347/non-historical-stories-and-prophesies-fiction-and-fairy-tales/ I feel like an absolute dingus for participating in citogenesis. I'm gonna take this as a learning experience and recover in my shame corner for a hot minute. 😓 -R
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  17. I was enjoying reading the comments but the narrator was really intrusive and annoying??? Some people are desperate for attention. -B
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  18. Sigh... He never legend, this absolutely misses. -B
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  19. Quick comment since I think this was a little more unclear than I intended: while "nyeheheh, I shall torture your loved ones" is definitely done, the specific subtrope I've never seen done is "as expected, your friends have broken in to save you, which is very convenient as now I can grab one and torture them in front of you without having to go and find them myself." Sorry for the confusion!
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  20. I never really got into Man Carrying Thing before, but now that they added guns I'm really enjoying the gameplay loop -B
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  21. Britain: *Sees unclaimed land Britain: ... Britain: *SIPS TEA AGGRESSIVELY -B
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  22. oof ouch ow my website Soooo the comic site is working intermittently because of the sudden explosion of traffic. There's nothing wrong on the webmaster side (which unfortunately means there's nothing for me to fix) so it should clear up as things slow down. But you'd like to read it now, I'm mirroring it onto the comic tumblr starting here: https://comicaurora.tumblr.com/post/654546833938497537/intro-ch1-p1-7 Have fun! -R
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  23. I visited Italy late last year, and when I got to Padua, I thought to myself "Ah, yes, this is where all the Venetians went. If I were a Venetian, I'd have moved here too." -B
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  24. Man Carrying Thing meets his ultimate nemesis: Man Carrying [Home Address] -B
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  25. Check out Extra Credits' sister video here! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BGPo-TvgiGc -R
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  26. When you try to cut a joke out of the video but misclick and accidentally delete the whole rest of the video except that one joke -B
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  27. "Enlightened Centrist in search of new political compass to sneer at" More at 9 -B
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  28. I'm genuinely curious as to your opinions here: Who is the best Meme Pope? Who won Pope Fights? -B
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  29. Imagine setting out to design a linear city to maximize efficiency and then accidentally reinventing a grid plan from first principles. -B
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  30. My mistake on the translation at the 2 minute mark – thanks for letting me know – I guess that's what I get for dropping Greek after three semesters.
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  31. Pst! In case you missed it, pins are back in stock, and on sale! All our pins (2020 AND 2021!) are available on https://Crowdmade.com/osp. Starting at 5%, every additional pin pack gets you an extra 5% off, for a max of 25%! Meanwhile, the rest of our merch at https://Redbubble.com/people/ospyoutube is pre-discounted 15% off across the board. And if you're one of our Patrons, check our Patreon page for access to special extra discounts at both Crowdmade and Redbubble: https://www.patreon.com/posts/59091992 Have fun! 🙉 -R
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  32. I try not to think too carefully about the implications that has for my career. -B
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  33. Hey Italy, I'm sorry I'm making fun your ancestors while you're dealing with the quarantine. Our jokes are meant in good fun, (and laughing at Mussolini every once in a while is good for the soul, right?) but it stiiiiill feels impolite of me to kick someone while they're down. Know that myself, Red, and the OSP community are thinking of you, and of communities around the world affected to varying degrees by covid-19. If you're spending more time inside or working from home, maybe watch the new season of Castlevania, or do some pleasure-reading to keep your spirits up, and try to stay active with small indoor workouts — Stay safe and stay strong, you'll get through this. In bocca al lupo. -B P.S.: For those of you with university cancellations or Work-From-Home directions, Red and I compiled a list of our top tips for productivity and sanity: https://twitter.com/OSPyoutube/status/1237921474603814912
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  34. 1:15 Wow emperor Henry sure did live for a long time, I had no idea. I could have sworn he actually died in 1197, but nope, the man lived right up through German Reunification. Wild. -B
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  35. I can't believe Man has the gall to wade into this drama after turning off his comments earlier this week. Obvious deflection, SMH my head. -B
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  36. ERRATUM: It's been brought to my attention that the detail about Nerea seems to be uncorroborated by the primary source! Evidence suggests she originates in the distant past of a mid-2010s uncited edit to Nerites's wikipedia page. And that, kids, is why we always go straight to the primary source whenever we can! 🦐 -R
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  37. I simply pretend I do not see it 😔 -R
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  38. Some clarifications: North Africa did of course see conflict, the pacific did get occupied — even the places that didn't (eg: India) still paid for the war. Damn double-negatives. That weird Romania-Hungary-Russia border is a holdover from WWII. The border lasted until 1946 and was changed in 1947. Later in the video you'll see the more familiar borders. Indonesia declared Independence in 1945 (Like Vietnam), but the Netherlands didn't withdraw until 1949, hence my mention of '49.
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  39. I can't even begin to describe how much Ancient Sicily Content™ I had to cut for time. Fear not, Magna Graecia will get the spotlight it deserves in another video. -B
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  40. Perhaps the underwater archives are incomplete...
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  41. By popular demand, the "Monologuing Is Not A Victimless Crime" quote is now on our Redbubble! (and it hits different on a mask, just saying 👀) https://www.redbubble.com/shop/ap/69582709 -R
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  42. *HISTORICAL ACCURACY ADVISORY*: In this video I describe the siege of Caffa (dead bodies trebuchet-ed into the city and infecting the refugees) as being the inciting incident of the Black Death. This account was first described by Italian chronicler Gabriele de Mussi, who wrote in response to the plague arriving in Italy. His account has more or less been the accepted story since the 14th century. In the course of my research, I found various sources casting doubts on the accuracy of De Mussi's claims – but as a matter of protocol, I prefer to stick to consensus wherever it is available (in my case, CDC analysis), as the last thing I want to do is pick up a new and unverified take on XYZ and present it as The True Story. When in doubt, I'd rather be wrong with an out-of-date interpretation than wrong with a radical hot-take. However! Since uploading this video, I've received a good amount of notes in the comments, on Twitter, and on the Discord notifying me that the doubts on De Mussi are rather more thorough than I first took them for. Essentially, De Mussi's account of Caffa is not an eyewitness account (we knew that) but follows a handful of tropes and cut a handful of analytical corners that make the entire scene of uh, how did I put it ... "Yeeting the s**t out of their plague-infested corpses," not in fact the cause of the infection, at best, and at worst is a wholesale fabrication. Previous analysis assumed that open-wound contact between the dead and the people of Caffa were responsible for transmission, but this may not in fact have been sufficient to infect the population and cause, you know, all the rest. The new conjecture hinges on rats entering the city from the Mongol camp and stowing away on seafaring grain shipments. This may explain why the ships leaving Caffa were able to go so far and dock at so many ports without any apparent trouble, but only suffered infections when the grain shipments were opened. Whatever the ultimate case, there is sufficient academic doubt about the traditional story I relayed that I should let you all know the narrative is not so clear cut, even after so many years. As always, I appreciate those of you who took the time to share this information with me. It's rightfully embarrassing to make a mistake like this, and I'll strive to do better next time. TL;DR: prooooobably not actually the mongol corpse-trebuchets that did it, might have been rats in grain shipments. Sorry.
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  43. While we're here, one subject I cut for time is the relationship between "The Clouds" and the trial of Socrates. It's commonly assumed that Aristophanes' satire played a part in Athens' decision to charge and ultimately kill Socrates, but that interpretation doesn't really hold up to scrutiny. The Clouds was performed over 20 Years before Socrates' trial. If the play had that strong an effect on Athens, we can assume Socrates would have been charged far sooner. And Plato's own writings paint Aristophanes rather favorably — if Plato blamed Aristophanes for the' trial, he does not make that obvious. There IS one snide line in Socrates "Apology" that seems to a modern reader like it's referring to "The Clouds", but really we can't be sure. Aristophanes was not the only Comic playwright in Athens, and certainly not the only person who disliked Socrates. Did The Clouds contribute to a negative public perception of Socrates? Sure, in part, at least when it was performed in 423.. But it's faaar more likely that Socrates' trial and death in 399 owe more to his persistent habit of being a Colossal Pain In The Ass to whomever he was speaking with. Reading The Apology makes it clear that nobody had the power to make Athens hate Socrates more than Socrates. -B
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  44. It lacks the open interior space characteristic of a dome, but it retains that element of "why the hell didn't you just build a normal roof?" that makes the brain happy -B
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  45. For any Brutalism Enjoyers in the audience: I don't want you to feel invalidated or attacked, and I'd genuinely love to see examples that you like and hear what you enjoy about the style. Just because I'm an Opinionated Bitch doesn't mean you're not allowed to like what you like. My sass is pointed squarely at the architects whose works I've critiqued, never the people who use or appreciate those spaces. -B
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  46. HIS new empire???
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  47. ☀🌙PLUSH TIME – The Celestial Twins are here, and they are SOFT!☀🌙 Artemis and Apollo plushes are available at our merch store – https://overlysarcastic.shop/collections/plushies Bundle both and get $5 off! -B
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  48. Fun linguistic shenanigans: The island of Korkyra (commonly spelled Corcyra when referring to the ancient city) is known today as both Kerkyra and Corfu. The name Corfu comes from an Italianized version of the Byzantine name Korufo. I use the pronunciation of "Korkyra" with an O because it reflects the more common version of the name as listed in ancient accounts — adherence to the original ancient version is also why I'm using Ks in place of any Latinized Cs. Essentially: I'm spelling everything the ancient way, but using modern Greek phonetics to sound out those words. It's an uncommon way to go about, but it feels like the right balance of ancient authenticity and modern linguistic continuity. -B
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  49. Master Kenobi, if an item does not appear in our records, it does not exist! -B
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  50. "Avoid it like reasonable social-distancing guidelines" -B
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  51. Augustine bargaining with God for Just A Few More Sins before he gets his life on track. -B
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  52. GENERAL KENOBI
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  53. good vid -b
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  54. If you're Italian, please share your favorite place-name in your local language! I've seen a handful of comments saying that Venice in Venetian is closer to "veNESSia", and others saying there's hefty internal variety even within the Venetian language. Sourcing that pronunciation for the Venetian Language itself and not just the Venetian dialect of Standard Italian was a pain in the ass, so even if "veNEEsa" turns out to be wrong I'll take it as further proof of local language wackiness. EDIT: NEVERMIND I FIGURED IT OUT, I'M JUST STUPID. The Venetians in the comments are absolutely correct and it's like "Venessia" – the problem is I'm a dumbass who can't read IPA notation to save my life. The only place I could find an IPA pronunciation notation for Venésia was the Venetian language wikipedia page ( https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venesia ) and the only place that could help me decipher it was the Venetian Language IPA wiki page page ... ... WRITTEN IN VENETIAN. The notation is [veˈnɛːsja] and the ː and j characters are what screwed me. The ː lengthens a sound but my stupid ass mistranslated it as DOUBLING the sound, hence my "veNEE-". As for the "-sa" at the end instead of "-sia", I screwed up the "j" IPA character, which is a completely standard "I" sound in Venetian, but I misread it as the "ʃ". This maps to a "sc" sound, but I lazily and stupidly thought "oh I know that one, that's the medieval variant of the letter S". Cascading failures from stupid assumptions in a video about not making assumptions. Lesson learned, ask a Venetian next time, and check my assumptions. Any similar mistakes with the pronunciations of other local-language endonyms stems from the same source - ya boi is bad at IPA. I don't think this failure breaks the thesis of the video, but it's an oversight I don't intend to replicate. You all deserve the best research possible, even when that means better deciphering a Venetian-language IPA chart. -B
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  55. ⸮υoY ɘɿɒɔƧ bɘЯ-bɘɿoɿɿiM ƨɘoႧ
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  56. There is exactly one reason that I have yet to cover the HRE. That is the reason.
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  57. If you really want to see the Spaghetti Western taken to the next level, check out "Bang!" It's a tabletop game so enthusiastically Spaghetti Western in tone, the cards are all written in Italian. https://www.amazon.com/Bang-Wild-West-DaVinci-Games/dp/B001Q4XWB8 What's your favorite bit of Wild West pop culture? No wrong answers!
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  58. Strong contender for my joke of the year. -B
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  59. 📌📌📌 NEW PIN TIME WOOOOOOO! Check out the Gilgamesh & Enkidu and Taurus pin packs HERE: 📌 GILGAMESH – https://crowdmade.com/collections/overlysarcasticproductions/products/overly-sarcastic-productions-gilgamesh-enkidu-pin-pack-pre-sale-1 📌 TAURUS – https://crowdmade.com/collections/overlysarcasticproductions/products/overly-sarcastic-productions-bull-of-heaven-glow-in-the-dark-pin-pre-sale-1
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  60. athenian owl 🤝duolingo owl (they are both lovecraftian horrors)
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  61. Wraithmarked Creative is a gateway to many abilities, some considered to be unnatural. -B
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  62. Light a flint Pour a bucket of water at the base of it, Aether portal. -B
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  63. If I can't draw to save my life I can at least make my maps pretty :)
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  64. She had such a knowledge of the dark side that she could even keep the ones she cared about from living.
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  65. All according to plan -B
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  66. You make a really good point. To add to it, Italian movie directors are repeatedly quoted as saying the individualism of their characters reflected both the adventurism of the West and the disillusionment with Italian government in the 60s.
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  67. 📚📖BOOOOOOOOOOK 📖📚 https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/wraithmarked/theveneziad?ref=4ikdfa
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  68. Wait, wha– me?? Noooo, what makes you say that? 👀
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  69. Error at 5:40 - the church became Catholic after the Union of Brest in 1596. Not entirely sure how I screwed that one up, but I will endeavor to Not Do That Again in the future. -B
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  70. Plato's students be like: "BABE WAKE UP NEW ALARM CLOCK JUST DROPPED" -B
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  71. I got lost at Victoria station, took a wrong turn, one thing led to another and long story short Ialdagorth is actually a nice guy, it's just cramped down there, you know? -B
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  72. I've learned my lesson - don't type it out, screencap it. Leave nothing to chance (like when photoshop decided to render all my pasted text backwards in the Ibn Khaldun video rip) -B
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  73. What does a cartoon bear have to do with communism? Who in their right mind would be offended by a cartoon bear? How on Earth could the simple mention of a cartoon bear have any bearing on the complex political machinations of such a powerful entity as China? That's crazy talk. -B
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  74. 📌📌 TWIN PINS!!! The Norse gods Freyr 🐗 and Freyja 🐈 are in our merch shop for a limited time! https://overlysarcastic.shop/products/overly-sarcastic-productions-freyr-frejya-pin-pack
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  75. That never even crossed my mind and now my mind is blown
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  76. 📌PIIIIIINS 📌https://overlysarcastic.shop/ The cosmic scales are available in our merch shop! The ✨LIBRA✨ enamel pin is on sale now!
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  77. BIG asterisk on "nearly" :) -B
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  78. I goofed at 9:06 — Cosimo I was NOT appointed First Duke of Florence in 1532. Alessandro De Medici was the first Duke in 1532, Cosimo only began to rule 5 years later, in 1537. Thank you to Seth C on Discord for catching that! Here's the deal: The "Duchy of FLORENCE" existed from 1532 to 1569 (nice) and Alessandro was the first duke. Midway through Cosimo I's rule, the title changed to the "*Grand* Duchy of TUSCANY", which it remained for the next 300 years. My mistake happened because Cosimo I was the first *Grand Duke*, and I forgot about Alexander entirely. Completely my goof. -B
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  79. Note on strong alcohol: Do not ever, under any circumstance, drink Methanol. I meant to say pure ethanol but misspoke because I'm a dummy who does not drink strong alcohol and does not know the difference. General life advice is always know what's in your drink, whether at a social situation, at a bar, or making something for yourself at home. Always know what's in your drink. -B
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  80. See the rest of Operation Odysseus here! https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDb22nlVXGgd2rdNu1C44t-hoYXA9bL2M And feel free to leave a comment about your favorite century of Venetian history — don't worry, every answer is correct. -Blue
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  81. +Minh Trung Tran It's not a story the Gauls would tell you...
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  82. 💀 Spooky Pins GO 💀 – Osiris and Anubis enamel pins are available now in our merch shop! https://OverlySarcastic.shop
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  83. You're completely right, and I should have been clearer about that. I said "father" because Justin had legally adopted Justinian, even if they weren't biologically father-and-son. Important distinction though, thank you for your comment! -B
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  84. I didn't always have this glorious, flowing, two-dimensional, black-and-white mane. -B
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  85. AUGH MY OUTRO -R
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  86. That's where the time machine hides. They say books are a portal to a different world, and I take that very literally. -B
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  87. Check out our official Discord server! There's discussions on history, myths, and loads more :D https://discord.gg/ZufVWse
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  88. 📌📌PIN TIME! 📌📌 https://overlysarcastic.shop/ ✨Eros and Psyche are available at our merch shop for a limited time. We put GLITTER in their wings, it's so SPARKLY! -B
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  89. ✨Space Cat, SPACE CAT! 🦁The LEO zodiac pin is now available in our merch store! https://overlysarcastic.shop/
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  90. Fun fact, when I uploaded the video early this week I had to appeal the demonetization on the basis of "it's literally a famous artwork" and "guys come on it's for education".
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  91. Queen Tera has seven fingers on one hand (to fit the Seven Stars theme I guess) and it is SO awkward to draw -R
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  92. Couple notes: — While Jadwiga can be colloquially be referred to as a Queen, she was technically crowned King of Poland. — No I did not mention the Hussars, that was intentional. I promise you they're not as interesting or important as the memes make them out to be. — The Boleslaw who divided Poland in the medieval period was a different Boleslaw... That one's on me. Sorry. -B
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  93. 🌸Spring CLEANIIIIIIIIING! 🌸It's a SALE! Tons of our old pins are back in stock, and all of our merch is discounted! https://overlysarcastic.shop/ -B
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  94. Head on over to Audible.com/overlysarcastic (Or text OverlySarcastic to 500-500) for your FREE Audiobook! You can't say no to Ian McKellen narrating the Odyssey. You just can't, people. -B
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  95. Booooooooooo -B
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  96. Reading this comment made me physically uncomfortable, well done -B
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  97. When you show up after Blue fixes the subtitles and then you can focus on how the History doesn't make sense -B
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  98. PIIIIIINS – https://overlysarcastic.shop/ The cosmic scales are available in our merch shop! The LIBRA enamel pin is on sale now! -B
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  99. Also speaking of stars we've got SPACE CRAB PINS! https://overlysarcastic.shop/ Available for the rest of the weekend! -B
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  100. Perhaps the Basilica's archives are incomplete?
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  101. ⭐SPACE PIN! ⭐The constellation GEMINI is available now on our merch shop! https://overlysarcastic.shop/products/overly-sarcastic-productions-gemini-pin
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  102. ✨NEW PINS✨ - the FINAL gods in the Olympian pantheon! Round out the collection HERE: https://crowdmade.com/collections/overlysarcasticproductions/products/overly-sarcastic-productions-aphrodite-and-hephaestus-pin-pack
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  103. How on earth did I not think of that. Yes, pretty much yes.
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  104. FOR CLARIFICATION: Some commenters have rightly pointed out that history has massively improved in the past century (and past few decades, especially) as we've started focusing more on cultures and less on great men. And like I said about most of the histories and biographies you can buy in bookstores, there has been some Grade-A history produced in recent memory. I didn't go into enough detail on modern historiography as I probably should have, and that's my mistake. I have no problem at all with data, my problem is when it's poorly presented and left in a vacuum. My point stands that NO amount of data can excuse bad writing. Because no one will be able to understand what an argument means if it's written incomprehensibly. SO, contemporary history is actually pretty solid if you look in the right places (AskHistorians.reddit.com is a GOLDMINE), but dear god stay away from long-form academic writing if you value your sanity.
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  105. Augustan propaganda is like that sometimes – all the times, actually.
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  106. We will watch your comments with great interest.
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  107. 📌📌PIN TIME! 📌📌 https://overlysarcastic.shop/ ✨Eros and Psyche are available at our merch shop for a limited time. We put GLITTER in their wings, it's so SPARKLY! -B
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  108. Unfortunately that never ended up happening. The scans and models Ubisoft took for Notre Dame were not useful to the reconstruction teams. Because of copyright, model detail, etc, the cathedral as it appears in Unity is not an appropriate facsimile of the original. Ubisoft did make a donation to the reconstruction, but the game assets are not being used. -B
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  109. Happy Valentine's Day Eros and Psyche pins are back in stock for a limited time! https://overlysarcastic.shop/products/overly-sarcastic-productions-valentines-day-eros-psyche-glitter-pin-pack -B
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  110. Join the club at DollarShaveClub.com/OSP!
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  111. 📌📌Eros and Psyche PINS are back for one more weekend! – https://overlysarcastic.shop/products/overly-sarcastic-productions-valentines-day-eros-psyche-glitter-pin-pack
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  112. 📌 NEW PIN TIME WOOOOOOO! Check out the Gilgamesh & Enkidu and Taurus pin packs HERE: 📌 GILGAMESH – https://crowdmade.com/collections/overlysarcasticproductions/products/overly-sarcastic-productions-gilgamesh-enkidu-pin-pack-pre-sale-1 📌 TAURUS – https://crowdmade.com/collections/overlysarcasticproductions/products/overly-sarcastic-productions-bull-of-heaven-glow-in-the-dark-pin-pre-sale-1
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  113. Pinned Pin comment: "PINS ON SALE WOOOOOOOOO" 📌Spring cleaning sale at Overlysarcastic.shop 📌 -B
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  114. With the Capital One Nile Rewards card, you can earn points on every acre of farmland you cultivate. And with twice the Cash-Back, you'll earn back enough money to build your own pyramid in no time. Capital One. What's in your Afterlife? -B
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  115. ⭐🦀SPACE CRAB! 🗡🦀KNIFE CRAB! We've got two new constellation pins in our merch store! https://overlysarcastic.shop/ -B
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  116. the Dödshäst was a best-seller in 1225 BC -B
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  117. I've made that very mistake before. When I didn't know what I was looking at, I just hit copy and paste thinking it was fine, but everything was written disjointed and backwards. Since then I've learned to screenshot the text, so my Photoshop text processor doesn't have an opportunity to screw it up! -B
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  118. That's rough, buddy...
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  119. IMPORTANT LINKS FOR Y'ALL: Redbubble shop with all our merch: https://www.redbubble.com/people/ospyoutube/shop ROARING TWENTIES 2 ELECTRIC BOOGALOO DESIGN: https://www.redbubble.com/people/ospyoutube/works/43019229-roaring-twenties-2-electric-boogaloo?asc=u Blue's book: https://goo.gl/CYcaZe Red's comic: https://comicaurora.com/ Have fun!
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  120. It's my tribute to Brian David Gilbert's "I am going to throw myself into the sea". A feeling we all, at one point, share. -B
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  121. ✨ VIRGO TIME ♍ The Virgo pin is available in our merch shop – The stars glow in the dark because of course they do https://overlysarcastic.shop/
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  122. ☀🌙 PLUSH TIME – https://overlysarcastic.shop/collections/plushies –The Celestial Twins are here, and they are SOFT! ☀🌙 Artemis and Apollo plushes are available at our merch store, bundle both and get $5 off! -B
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  123. 📌📌 Hey what a wild coincidence we've got ✨SPACE PINS✨: https://overlysarcastic.shop/products/overly-sarcastic-productions-gemini-pin – the GEMINI pin glows in the dark and is available for two more days!
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  124. Space Cat, SPACE CAT! The LEO zodiac pin is now available in our merch store! https://overlysarcastic.shop/ -B
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  125. ✨Space Cat, SPACE CAT! 🦁The LEO zodiac pin is now available in our merch store! https://overlysarcastic.shop/ -B
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  126. 📌📌 TWIN PINS!!! The Norse gods Freyr 🐗 and Freyja 🐈 are in our merch shop for a limited time. https://overlysarcastic.shop/
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  127. The Iroquois had their share of being horrible too. Everyone does. The Beaver Wars is the prime moment of when they threw peace out the window, and it was rough for everyone else involved. -B
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  128. Ethiopia: /ARE YOU SURE ABOUT THAT?/ -B
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  129. You could say it's... A surprise to be sure, but a welcome one
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  130. ... yes
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  131. I didn't even think it was possible. I guess anyone would panic and fling themselves across a room when McCree's Ult is ready -B
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  132. 📌📌 TWIN PINS!!! The Norse gods Freyr 🐗 and Freyja 🐈 are in our merch shop for a limited time. https://overlysarcastic.shop/
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  133. I would argue that the Limes germanicus was disastrously ineffective (and costly), but we'll cover that when we cover that :)
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  134. Pinned Pin comment: "PINS ON SALE WOOOOOOOOO" 📌Spring cleaning sale at Overlysarcastic.shop 📌 -B
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  135. 📌 BIG HOLIDAY PIN SALE LETS GOOOOOOOO 📌 Https://overlysarcastic.shop/
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  136. Soy el dios de la guerra -B
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  137. Hilariously, yes, in the (not super common) instances of pre-horse cavalry, it was usually elephants. Poor Scipio Africanus would be sweating javelins if he ever visited India -B
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  138. Good questions! First, I'm of the opinion that something is better than nothing when it comes to founding stories, so if a myth is all we really have, I'm going to go with it. The Romans were 100% of the mindset that they came from the Trojans, so that in itself makes the story worth relaying. While epic poetry obviously isn't fully accurate, archaeological evidence has more or less confirmed that a lot of the information in, say, the Iliad and Odyssey is too on the nose to have been simply made up years after the fact, and thus, must be at least partly grounded in historical fact. It's similar for Rome. Is Aeneas' story as Virgil told it true? Almost certainly not. But I (and many classicists far better trained than myself, and a vast majority of Romans) are of the opinion that the Romans descended from the Trojans, and the Aeneid is an embellished version of that story. Those greek influences didn't come out of thin air. Second, perhaps my phrasing didn't come across properly, but I wasn't insinuating that the Romans had some 500 year plan for world domination. What I was trying to say was that the Romans were careful never to overextend themselves. With the sole exception of Italy, once, for three years, Rome never saw a province secede throughout the course of the Republic. Compare that to Alexander or the Mongols, who just kept conquering until they stopped, and their empires promptly disintegrated within a century each. My point is that Rome was patient. No, they didn't have everything mapped out. BUT they knew that any conquering needed to be done sustainably. They didn't take over a province unless they knew they could hold it — which, again, throughout the Republic and well into the Empire, they did, almost flawlessly. I genuinely appreciate you asking that question, because it's important to discuss this stuff — I'm certainly not infallible. Hope this clarifies the choices I made. -B
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  139. 🐐🐟Goat-Fish Spotted! Capricorn, Aquarius, and Sagittarius enamel pins are available in our merch shop! https://overlysarcastic.shop/
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  140. The collapse of Roman civilization. This is what I get for not enunciating -B
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  141. "Entered" is not a word I'd use to describe that process. "Got unwillingly glomped by Spain" is more how I see it -B
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  142. Thank you! The goal for this minimum was, at an absolute bare minimum, to distinguish them from each other for people who (like me a month ago) couldn't describe the differences. Without making this into a giant 3 part series with 20-minute videos apiece (cough cough Abrahamic religions), this was the best I could do. It's very much just a start.
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  143. To me, snipers do long-range shots, while sharpshooters do trick shots from various ranges. The "Wild West Dude Perfect" comparison holds.
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  144. +poilboiler and Gandhi is a marauding maniac, let's not forget! Totes legit. -B
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  145. In other OSP news, Blue appeared in a video from YouTuber Jack Rackam, all about Machiavelli! Give it a look: https://youtu.be/MjUC4AnBzDk
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  146. The sacrifices we make for science. -B
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  147. I'll be honest I was sure your comment would end by suggesting how absurd it would be if the Republic ended up being controlled by a dark lord of the Sith. Although, that's not a story the Jedi council would tell you. -B
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  148. As a Greek I appreciate your seal of approval! :D
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  149. Philosophical Phridays Volume 2, chapter 22, page 267. Have fun :) -B
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  150. I vaguely remember what you're referencing. To my recollection, this was part of my Historical Models Summarized miniseries. The point I was trying to make is that history obviously doesn't repeat verbatim or often even close to it, BUT what does happen is that people in similar situations will act in similar ways, so history "rhymes" if that makes more sense. It's not one-to-one, but you can often draw meaningful connections between events that will give you something to think about and learn from. Hope that helps!
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  151. And done by the very same company! De Beers has been at it for a very long time. -B
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  152. Maecanas is the coolest! The original cut of this script has an extra few minutes of just how cool Maecenas was, but I had to cut it for time. It's basically all on him that we got the great Roman poetry out of that era that we did and I would have loved to talk more about him.
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  153. Perhaps the archives are incomplete...
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  154. Only seen season 1, pacing is all over the place, characterizations are pretty much spot on (Caesar is a home run) with the exception of Cleopatra – she doesn't seem to be particularly competent at anything – and the world building/setdressing is absolutely stunning. The first scene with Vorenus and Pullo fighting the Gauls is a brilliant depiction of Roman tactics and it's my favorite scene in the show. -B
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  155. brb, crying -B
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  156. That was actually my thinking. I was going off the etymology of the Catholic Church being the "universal church". Ah well, mistakes happen.
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  157. Correct
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  158. Woah woah woah, somebody around here has to keep the reactor running. -B
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  159. For my failure, I shall self-yeet from the top of Hagia Sophia -B
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  160. Good question! I'll get to that more in future videos, so stay tuned, but the short of it was that after so much civil war the people preferred peace to the Republic. It also helped that Augustus, like Caesar, was a very good ruler. -B
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  161. That is unbelievably cool. There's dedication to the craft and then there's *that*. -B
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  162. you and me both, buddy. Soon. Soon...
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  163. Right you are. I would have spent another 10 minutes talking about Candide but I had to stop myself. -B
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  164. Thank you for your clarifications! No matter how much research I do, I'll never get everything right, so I appreciate your comment! (Right you are about Andean vs Mesoamerican. I wish I had a better term to use in the video itself. "American" sends the wrong message, and "Mesoamerican" is too narrow. There isn't really a proper umbrella term for it.) -B
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  165.  @eigergirl1836  How I arrived at the Reactor is of no concern to you.
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  166. brb dying now
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  167. They were in my room while I was recording. You have no idea how difficult it was to edit out all of those growls
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  168. And you've been with us for quite a while, so that's really saying something! Cheers mate, -B
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  169. Literally exactly that. -B
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  170. Not from an Athenian...
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  171. Actually I have a lot of respect for what Assassin's Creed has done over the years. Yeah, they cut some corners and simplify for the sake of the game's story, but I can say that if not for that series, I would not be making these videos right now. I think they (more so the early games, but the latter ones too) do a great job of making you feel like you're in a moment in time. In AC3 especially, they do a great job of showing how much the Mohawk nation wanted to stay neutral. It's a major plot point in the game's story. Again, they definitely do a lot of simplifying, but for the sheer accomplishment of creating a believable world and showing history *in the moment*, I think it does much more good than bad. Much like my videos, AC is a jumping off point into history. For that, I think it does its job. -B
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  172. Exactly. The right kind of historical games, even when events play out ahistorically, can do so much to teach you what it feels like to be in a historically-relevant situation
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  173. The knowledge that a ravenclaw princess out-of-context video might be just around the corner made me invest heavily in my one-liners. :D -B
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  174. hey no fair reading my mind
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  175. Now listen here you little shit -B
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  176. The game is available on PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and PC. If you have a Windows computer you'll be able to play it!
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  177. +James Vann a very important and often forgotten fact! You're quite right :D -B
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  178. I truly did not expect to like this game, but I'm having a great time. Watch other reviews from creators whose opinions you value to build a better picture, but in my not-a-professional-games-journalist opinion, it's fun and I liked it quite a lot. -B
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  179. Everyone has a different way of pronouncing it. No matter how I say it, someone's going to disagree with me. I'm slowly trying to trick my brain into reading Latin as Church Latin, because it just sounds so much prettier, even if it's not quite accurate -B
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  180. Plague.
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  181. Don't even joke 😭
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  182. [Bottom Text] -B
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  183. Miss me with "Ballistas"
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  184. You, living in Constantinople, way back in 950 AD: "oh man this empire is sweet, can't wait for Blue to make a video about all this" -B
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  185. When Blue does Venice he wears red -B
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  186. g o o d
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  187. If ACO is anything to go on, they'll probably play him as quiet and cerebral for the first cutscene and then his main characterization will be "power-hungry" from then on. Bayek's pretty cool, and I hope they can do some more with him, but I wonder how Diocles is faring.
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  188. Linguistic evolution is always a complex topic, but while they did bring their own language(s), the majority-Latin-speaking population of Italy kept doing what they were doing for centuries; they didn't all switch to Lombardic and then transition to Italian. So Lombardic influenced the development of Italian by imparting some vocabulary and grammar onto the foundations of Latin, which then transformed into Italian. -B
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  189. +The Rising Theurge we all know that's the way it really went down, but if I revealed the truth, Abstergo would be kicking down my door and that's not fun for anybody -B
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  190. This is possibly one of my favorite thumbnails I've ever made, I love messing with layer combine effects in photoshop but this is easily the best its ever turned out. -B
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  191. Correct you are. That was lazy and misleading word choice on my part. -B
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  192. It is exactly. Mdina was simply The City. Adjacent to it is Rabat, the suburbs. Fascinating linguistic artifacts. -B
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  193. +ltflak I think you're right. To me, his biggest threat was if he got counter-sacked while he tried to sack Rome. Attacking Rome outright was dangerous. If he thought he could have taken the city, he would have, he was no fool.
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  194. Give me literally one week and I'll show you plenty to cry about on the subject of the Mongols. (Not even kidding, Mongols is the next video of mine to go up) -B
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  195. You're correct. That would be Bartolomeu Dias. I focused instead on Vasco Da Gama because, as the first to keep going beyond the cape of Good Hope and make it to India, it kept the narrative more concise. -B
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  196. +SoulFire39 After Venice and Alcibiades, yes.
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  197. Couldn't agree more. Glad you like this new series! I'm definitely not perfect now but man have I come a ways since I started. -B
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  198. Just a bit of travel scruff. Half the time I go anywhere forget to pack a razor to shave with, and then I've sealed my fate so I never go buy one wherever I'm staying. -B
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  199. I've gone back and listed further reading. Hope it helps! -B
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  200. It quite literally is. Good eye. -B
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  201. Lots of it is consistent with the Poetic Edda (including lots of direct quotations) and can be cross-referenced with other fragmentary sources. But also the stories demonstrate linguistic quirks from before pinpoint-able vowel shifts, indicating he's repeating pre-existing stories from centuries earlier. Ie: the Voluspa can be dated to the latter 900s because the poems have vowel characteristics from before a known pronunciation change around 1000 ad. Lots more detail than the video length affords, but it's fascinating to look into if you're curious. -B
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  202. WAY AHEAD OF YOU: https://youtu.be/mzGVpkYiJ9w :D
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  203. Good catch, the 8th epic is the Telegony, an epic so completely inconsequential I managed to forget about it entirely. -B
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  204. It's okay, I'm complaining that this isn't the third and final part of the Byzantine Empire series. -B
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  205. Red tends to use BCE/CE, I tend to use BC/AD. No moral or value judgement either way, just preference. -B
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  206. Good idea: https://youtu.be/8U5OcwCv4MA?si=RLRPaHEQUh6Pj-JK -B
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  207. No relation, Christians just have a thing for Crosses for some reason idk -B
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  208. You're right but I had to stop myself at two Italian domes in a video literally bursting with Mediterranean domes -B
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  209. Get hype my dude, Al-Andalus was one of the first topics I put on the list.
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  210. He's the Ultimate Lifeform, there can only be one. -B
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  211. It's a Greek word that means "Literature".
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  212. It's like having flavor in your food for the first time. You're going to chew on it more, and inevitably confuse the people around you who are used to it. Truly can't be helped. -B
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  213. And I'll do it again. -B
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  214. It's easy to confuse, but Teotihuacan wasn't Aztec. Maya indeed predated the aztec by over a thousand years. Teotihuacan is located very near to where Tenochtitlan (Aztec capital) would be built a millennium later, but Teotihuacan was populated by a different culture than the Aztec/Mexica. Teotihuacan might have been very multicultural, or it might have been dominated by a single ethnic group. We don't definitively know who specifically they were, but they were their own people, 1000 years apart from the Aztec. Hope that helps! -B
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  215. @Katie Robinson I hope you enjoy it! It's one of my favorite games. -B
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  216. reject warfare, contemplate birb -b
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  217. You might enjoy my previous video from two weeks ago, on the Chinese author Sun Tzu: https://youtu.be/OqFiZ-2TusE?si=Kd1v0MQuCrkBxyE4 -B
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  218. Right you are! Glad you enjoyed it! Looking forward to having you stop by in my next video :D -B
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  219. Not quite. The Maltese pronunciation is "im-dina", rather than the anglicized "mi-dina". -B
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  220. Ostracism will get a focus in a later video. I saw conflicting accounts of whether ostracism can be definitively tied to Kleisthenes, since the first recorded ostracism isn't until 30 years later – so I didn't want to potentially go out on a limb and be wrong. In any case I'll discuss it in another context in the future. -B
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  221. idk man I'd pretty solidly argue that sicilians have a right to do that. For reasons that should be blindingly obvious. The legacy of multiculturalism is in its people, so the fact that you can't put anyone else's label on it means that it belongs Even More to the people who inherited it and to them alone. -B
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  222. There are a handful of modern examples of one country attacking another country on a flimsily-constructed platform of "it's for defense". That's kind of why America is currently waging two multi-decade-long wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, isn't it? It's for our own defense, right? We have to attack them before they attack us. I'm not making any judgements, just trying to point out that it's a more common and widely accepted excuse than you might otherwise think. It's also not the gods they were trying to convince, it was the people. A good way to get a civilian population to enlist for war is to convince them that the gods definitely totally favor you. -B
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  223. Indeed. Down-pointy swords are army-against-army, up-pointy swords are rebellions. Someone finally understands my genius :D -B
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  224. Second time playing (1-15), first time finishing it (16 & end). -B
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  225. Post-migration period, different pagans than the original Celts. All the Angles, Saxons, Jutes and friends who arrived in the medieval period came from Denmark and northwest Germany. -B
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  226. SPICY
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  227. It's an especially epic pose of Dante and Virgil from Red's Divine Comedy series
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  228. 23 stab wounds and a corpse in the theater of pompey should do it.
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  229. I had scheduled out these videos back in September and early October, but no joke, when I saw your comment a while back, I thought "Oh damn, should I tell him?" :D
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  230. They have very respectable jobs at the pee storage facility -B
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  231. Key words "at the time" – this is still pre-Actium. Ovid's heyday was during Augustus' reign itself. During the great fear, he wasn't as established yet as Horace & Virgil.
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  232. +Emo Ente you can send us messages through patreon, and we'll gladly help you out :)
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  233. First invented by the Aztec! They drank a lightly spiced version of it, and of course europeans loved it, but they gradually made it sweeter. If you ever see "Mexican Hot Chocolate" it's basically a modern recreation of the original drink! They're delicious -B
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  234. Essentially, for rich anglosphere tourists, it was indeed The Thing To Do – the difference is that for artists it was more practically useful. It was an opportunity to learn from old masters, get inspiration while abroad, and meet people who wanted commissions. For tourists, it was just a tour, but for artists it was a career move too. -B
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  235. According to the Sagas, yes, but interestingly, some new archaeology is actually beginning to doubt that narrative, as there's a notable lack of pre-norse settlement there. But that's why we need to be doing more archaeology, to get to the bottom of it! -B
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  236. All hail Cesario, our guinea pig king
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  237. 750 and Up. Gotta love counting years backwards. -B
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  238. +Warpwaffel Now, I was thinking about that coincidence, and that's actually not a sure thing. The timing is there, certainly, but the question is when did the Romans record their history, and would they have even wanted to associate with Athens. That's not so clear cut, because Athens was powerful, yes, but they weren't terribly well-liked, and I can't think of any other way in which Rome distinctly emulated Athens (no navy, primarily, no exploitative subjugation, their entertainment cultures were quite different). The coincidence is there, but I don't see any other evidence for why or by what means Rome tried to tie their identity to Athens. It's a really good question though and I'm just speculating. I'd love to learn more. -B
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  239. Yup, that would be Tiberius Gracchus. I mention him getting stabbed. From there the floodgates were wide open for all sorts of political murdery business
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  240. Like that. -B
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  241. Honestly, yes. "Won" might be a stretch, but Alesia would have gone differently, for sure.
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  242. Maybe that's why I'm saving Brazil for it's own video, so I can cover their history properly -B
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  243. Though Malta benefitted from legendary stability from the Renaissance onward, it's not the longest continuous state by a longshot. It belonged to any one power for only a couple hundred years at a time. Compare with the Byzantine empire, or the Venetian Republic, both of which push over 1,000 years. -B
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  244. I maintain that's the best episode of the series. It's at least the only one I still know all the words to. -B
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  245. +Adam Blakeslee haha, yeah, I love Alexander but God was the Hellenistic world a right mess. I agree with the point about Marius' reforms. I was considering going into more detail, but you're right that those reforms had a big impact. I can't speak to the plebeian/patrician thing, but the idea that a general was responsible for the army instead of the Roman state opened up a gigantic can of worms. It was step one in a process of people putting themselves above the good of the state. From there, it's not surprising that someone would declare war on Rome itself for the sake of keeping his army loyal to him. Augustus sort of solved this problem by further professionalizing the army and making it loyal to the emperor, but then the soldiers kept demanding more and more pay,l over the centuries, nearly bankrupting the empire. Again, things go to hell real quick when people throw their own country under the bus for the sake of personal gain. -B
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  246. Gotta pay respect to the classics -B
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  247. I was using the Latin in this instance
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  248. That's so sweet :) I'm glad you were able to have that experience with her. Sorry to hear about her passing. -B
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  249. That's a valid question. Mainly, it was the mechanisms by which the post-independence purchases/acquisitions were made. The state of New York independently conducted business with an external nation. Congress should have had the final say, according to the Articles and the Constitution, but New York (and other states) often (most of the time) acted on their own. Even then, there was probably a hefty helping of coercion (threats) and deception that went into the individual purchases. That's why they were illegal. Hope this helps! -B
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  250. 60% of an Aeneid. -B
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  251. Flower wars are absolutely fascinating. I hope to be able to cover them in the future, but in the meantime, yes, I agree, it was such an interesting system.
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  252. That's a really good question! I definitely see what you're getting at, having control of the avenues and all, but I think we need to consider the order of events. The Egyptian Pharaohs had centralized power because they had control over the one avenue that everyone needed to use. The Inca, however, didn't quite have the same starting setup. They created that network of empire-unifying bridges and roads all by themselves, they didn't have it already there. To tweak your metaphor, it would vaguely be like if the Inca dug a giant ditch and filled it with water, creating their own Nile river from scratch. The end results look similar, but the Inca had a much more difficult job ahead of them than the Egyptians did.
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  253. Yes. Worldwide shipping!
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  254. Yes, geographically, the tip of Libya was too useful of a position to not put a city there, so they did build a new Carthage about 5 feet to the left of where they salted all of that earth. I'm not sure when they built new Carthage, but I'm sure the information is out there somewhere.
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  255. In the context of pre 1700's history with the early colonization of America and India, I do specifically mean England. After that, indeed it's the collective "Britain". -B
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  256. Two weeks!
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  257. Confucius absolutely existed, but he's not the author of the Analects. I talk about it in more depth here: https://youtu.be/mOGoHnU4LDM?si=2PkFb5bbHupR2jaX -B
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  258. Ah, that was an error in processing. I had used the Greek characters in my script, but it got scrambled when I converted it into a plaintext document for uploading to YouTube. It's been fixed. Thank you for pointing that out! -B
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  259. Wonder no longer: https://youtu.be/sigJwoeU6OI?si=r2P1mqfBF5g3RWWv -B
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  260. I'm very sorry that your friend found this video hurtful, as that most certainly was not my intent. As I explain in the latter part of the video, our modern understanding of sexual identity does not have a parallel to the way the ancient greeks thought of it, so when I say "we can describe Sappho as a Lesbian but that is NOT an exclusive label" – that's my way if opening up the door for anyone to draw a parallel between their experiences and hers if it feels appropriate. I could have listed possible other terms to describe Sappho such as Bi and Pan and others, but I specifically didn't want to open up a semantics conversation when it's essentially impossible for us to rigidly categorize Sappho with our modern vocabulary. I hope this helps clarify. If your friend wants to identify with Sappho via bisexuality, that is fully valid. -B
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  261. Great question – Surveys will get sent out much closer to shipping so people can confirm their addresses. -B
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  262. Ur the city did come before Akkad. But the Ur-dominated Sumerian empire did not arise until later. -B
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  263. No plans for a series at the moment, but when I get to Caesar and the Gallic wars in a few months I'll be talking about that :)
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  264. I'm genuinely embarrassed at how many tries that line took me.
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  265. I actually edited this video myself. Indigo has been consulting on my rough drafts so far in 2021, but because of time constraints I've been doing the edits this year.
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  266. The new territories alone were leased on the 99 year deal. Hong Kong island and the Kowloon peninsula, the "original territories" were ceded in perpetuity. It was decided during the negotiations in 1980s that the entirety of HK would go back even though only the New Territories were legally owed, because by then the whole territory had become so interconnected that severing the city from the new territories would have been disastrous for everyone involved. Hope that helps. -B
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  267. Good catch. That's what I get for mixing up my english and italian.
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  268. K is used in the greek versions of words, but our modern spelling gets confused by Latin. Latin used the letter C instead of K to make the same sound. So when they wrote out greek names they used Cs instead, and that remained the dominant way of spelling through the medieval period and into the development of the germanic and romance languages. So English typically carries over most of the C spellings when using Greek words. Both ways are valid, but I'm just making a point to use all original spellings with Ks. -B
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  269. Key word "Slightly" -B
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  270. Since you asked really nicely: https://youtu.be/qRr538aPIfk
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  271. I'm sorry but that's objectively false. Venice sat smack in the middle of several diverse cultures. Italians, Franks, Germans, Greeks, Ottomans, and Egyptians all had strong influences on the society and demography of Venice.
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  272. His full book on the complete history of Sicily is actually listed in the description as one of my sources. It's such an exquisitely-written book. Big fan of Mr Norwich.
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  273. Boy do I have good news for you: https://www.hbo.com/rome
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  274. I would have loved to but there was actively a Fancy Funeral for a city judge the day I was there, so no dice. -B
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  275. ooooh that is one tasty orchestral remix -R
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  276. Oh I did, and it's one of the best purchases I've ever made. -B
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  277. people like being edgy
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  278. I'm ruined. 😭 -B
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  279. I had to cut that part of my script to make room for more Dome content -B
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  280. Wonderdraft baybeeeee. Picked it up over the summer for a D&D campaign, I've been using it for all my maps since the Scotland video. -B
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  281. I said I was sorry, I never said I would change. :)
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  282. Great question! Up pointing swords were rebellions & revolts, while down pointing swords were full wars between two Roman armies.
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  283. Just wait until you see the Lair Actions
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  284. If I was truly a man of taste I would have cut out half the video to make room for the Hippocleides story, but alas, I am a scrub. -B
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  285. hic sunt dracones -B
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  286. It's definitely not my favorite translation of Homer, but that book just has the COOLEST cover art. -B
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  287. I think that's a really accurate assessment of the problems with the tetrarchy – it's great to be able to delegate imperial governance to four people instead of putting it all on one guy, but as soon as there isn't somebody like Diocletian to keep the other three in line, they're bound to start messing with each other. Great comment! :) -B
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  288. It's definitely among the least History-Making of the HistoryMakers I've done so far, but Lyric poetry is a crucial step towards the explosion of literature (history so philosophical and others) we see in the classical period, so it's very important. Plus I also got to talk a lot about the history of greek linguistics and the evolution of ancient sources in a way that I otherwise wouldn't, and that's very historical. Plus, Sappho is cool enough that I can justify bending my rules a little. -B
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  289. Hi! On the Kickstarter page you can "late pledge" for the book, and you'll get a copy at the same time as everyone who supported the kickstarter. -B
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  290. Funny you should mention that. I got it for Christmas last year and it's next on my reading list!
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  291. Good question. I added to my video description a further reading section, with reference to John Norwich's book A History Of Venice, which serves as a really great overview of the Republic.
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  292. As with Vietnam and with Indonesia, Independence was *declared shortly after Japan withdrew, but the empire didn't surrender and *recognize that independence for multiple years after. Sorry that was worded in a confusing way.
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  293. Good question. I myself identify as a nerd, and the reason I often do that is to explicitly typecast these warring factions as what they really are, bullies. Maybe the trope is a little antiquated and that's on me, but I believe that for presenting often baseless aggression, the bully model conveys the relevant themes. I apologize for it coming off as insensitive, and I'll try to look for alternatives in the future. -B
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  294. Mithridates knew better than to go in against a sicilian when death is on the line -B
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  295. It's a great video, I saw it last week. I tried to incorporate some of Shad's points here, albeit, in two sentences instead of 40 minutes. Mainly, my goal was to convey most clearly that, while an offhand weapon (such as a dagger) is often better than only one weapon, it's vastly inferior to using [Any Weapon] and a Shield. That was really the point I was trying to make. -B
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  296. WHOOPS D: Thanks for the heads-up, I removed the drive link to hopefully give the poor mp4 some time to recover. -B
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  297. Continuation, without a shred of doubt.
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  298. Hector will never not be my favorite character -B
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  299. pro strats paying off :D
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  300. Joke's on all of you I psychologically thrive on historical chaos -B
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  301. Per qualche strana ragione, é impossibile... -B
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  302. Koine pronounced like "COIN-ay" is reconstructed ancient greek pronunciation. It's valid enough for classical athenian works and anything earlier, however, in the hellenistic period and beyond, greek phonetics shifted to just about what their modern counterparts sound like, so even though the Ptolemaic Alexandrians wrote in ancient greek, it essentially sounded what we'd call modern. As such, κοινή should be pronounced with two EE sounds, so it becomes "kee-NEE". I only learned about this literally a month ago. In earlier videos you will hear me say Koine the reconstructed way. -B
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  303. The Spartans typically called themselves Lakedaemonians, so the Lambda was more meaningful to them than a Sigma for Sparta. -B
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  304. I wasn't going to mention it because it wasn't immediately relevant to the Priam scene, but that jump attack at the beginning is the most quintessentially Achillean badassery ever.
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  305. Dubrovnik used to be "Ragusa", and in the 1300s it was part of the Venetian Republic. It's not always Venice, but in this case it is. -B
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  306. They're the '46 borders, for the immediate aftermath of the war. A year later they moved to the more familiar borders, and in later maps I show the newer version.
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  307. BOOOOOOOOO -B
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  308. No it's okay I know my place
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  309. I can't help you with "best", because opinions are just opinions (even if I like mine the most). BUT I will say the Mongols collapsed under their own weight after a century, and the Carthaginians lost to the Romans so... Rome it is in my book, hands down
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  310. Good question! I'm actually going to go more into it in the next episode, but Sicily is the same orange as Brutus and Cassius because it was being held by Sextus Pompey, who was markedly anti-caesar and anti-triumvirate. The Senate granted him control of all of Rome's Navy, and had Sicily as his base. -B
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  311. Shi Huangdi coming in clutch with the OG GOATS comp
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  312. I simplified (maybe oversimplified) it for the sake of flow but your assessment is quite correct.
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  313. It's a pen-name. The B stands for "Blue" and the G B stands for "Great Britain" #TheMoreYouKnow
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  314. Not exactly it, but I hope this at least helps! https://youtu.be/W9tBXt1YZ_w -B
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  315. That gap also struck me as weird, at the time it would have just been little old Byzantium, not terribly influential yet. The most likely explanation is that the Persians (and most Greeks at the time) viewed the Hellespont, that other little peninsula where the Greek side meets the Anatolian side, as a much more strategic location, since it was actually on the Aegean sea, unlike the Black-sea-facing Byzantium. Herodotus actually makes mention on a few occasions that the Persians crossed into Greece on the Hellespont specifically, so they likely didn't find it all that imperative to also secure the peninsulas on either side of the Bosphorus. Sometimes history is weird, and a backwater in one millennium can become a strategic goldmine the next. Hope that helps! -B
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  316. You can see the name on the box art that I show in the top left corner: "British Empire, or Trading with the Colonies" -B
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  317. I'll touch on the sickness in later videos, but you're right that he was nearly dead on-and-off for a third of his life. I'm not sure that has been confirmed as the reason he wasn't at Philippi, so I kept it vague in the video, but that makes sense to me. -B
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  318. +Starwatcher 954 I rebranded it "The Athenian Empire", but I made a better version of it earlier this summer, simply called "Ancient Greece"
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  319. The Pantheon has drainage holes in many of its tiles near the center, and the floor gently arcs inwards to collect the rain
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  320. Don't leave us hanging dude, were your guesses right? :) -B
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  321. No no no, "Leagues of Legend", completely legally distinct! -B
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  322. Very good question. The line is very thin and hard to point to, especially when we're dealing with very good propagandists. But for me, the fundamental distinction is malice, and that's hard as all hell to analyze without knowing the creator's specific intent. For us as viewers, it means we have to think very carefully about what people are telling us, and know how to refute argumentation that tries to draw us towards hateful ideologies in particular. Still, it's a really hazy line in some cases so you're right to inquire about it
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  323. You're in luck, I talked about Portugal two weeks ago! https://youtu.be/WhVFf5-qi1k
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  324. If Skyrim made it work so can I
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  325. Your request is being processed and will be addressed by the nearest Napoleon. Please wait 1-2 Business Revolutions for your conquerer to arrive. -B
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  326. Key difference being Rome actually had structural problems that deeply needed reform. Modern populists come to power by blaming a slow economy on immigrants. -B
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  327. You're right, it is pronounced cohones, but I was saying "Coleones" which is the Latin for it. :D Glad you liked the video.
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  328. Gamma for "Greek States", Sigma for "Seleucids", and Pi for "Ptolemies". Meant to convey that they were all part of the post-alexander hellenistic culture.
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  329. Good catch, fixed! I don't have the original scripts for these videos anymore, so I had to go through and add captions manually, sorry for the error!
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  330. There are undoubtedly many benefits from the Atlantocentric map. There are many reasons that contribute to its widespread usage. My intent wasn't to trash the map as a whole, but to point out its limitations, and why it's important to look at other projections in addition to the Atlantocentric map. I'm sorry if my intent there was at all unclear. -B
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  331. +SoulFire39 not 100% sure about all of history, but it's definitely the bloodiest battle Rome ever fought, and possibly the bloodiest battle in the classical world.
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  332. +Free Thoughts and Ideas I've never actually heard of them, so doubtful. But if we make the same jokes, I'll have to check them out!
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  333. Hello Sefa. We request that you not dub and reupload any of our videos, but if you would like to submit translated captions, you can learn more about that process here: https://www.overlysarcasticproductions.com/community-captions
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  334. +darkjackl999 That pronunciation likely comes from the suspected original usage of the word "Iroquois", which was probably French, hence the "qwaa". The way I say it is an anglicized version of the French pronunciation. -B
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  335. I've seen it, and you're right. It's masterful. -B
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  336. Me, reading your comment: "Oh that's impossible, don't be ridicul—WAIT WHAT?!?!?!" I'm shocked. That's such an amazing back pocket fact.
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  337. The timelines don't add up. Caesar was only a teenager when brutus was born. Caesar got around, sure, but not that early.
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  338. What are you going to do, send a Legion after me and get distracted by a pretty pebble on your way? -B
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  339. Hasta La Vista, baby
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  340. Take the time to go inside the Roman Forum. Most people just see it from the outside but you can by a combo ticket for that and the Colosseum, then just block two hours to walk around it all. Easily one of the most fun and unique experiences that most people completely miss. Obviously do the Vatican museum and Pantheon because those are incredible, but don't sleep on the Forum. Enjoy! -B
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  341. +Gyrre you bet! Caesar's drive to become Consul and all of his subsequent reforms were done out of his drive to secure his family's prestige and nobilitas. Good things done for the wrong reasons right there.
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  342. All of the borders are freehand based on online resources (check out Ollie Bye and Emperor Tigerstar for awesome aninated maps), and textures are Photoshopped from some basic textures from the interwebs, recolored and played with for pretty effect. The actual images of the maps themselves I make from software called G Projector. NASA made it. You can look at Earth from over a hundred different projection types, and move the image around to get precisely what you want to have in-frame.
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  343. As far as I can tell it was literal pee-in-hat action.
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  344. Agreed, I really liked the way RDR1 handled the plot and the characters. Sure there was a lot of bombastic video-game stuff happening around, but for a game set in 1911 (I think?) They capture the feeling of a dissolving west very well. Then there's RDR2 which looks like outlaws everywhere all the time, so win some lose some. Who knows, Rockstar may surprise me
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  345. The recording is lifted from my older videos, before I knew the true(ish) meaning of speed -B
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  346. Would you say it takes too much effort? -B
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  347. Problem of multiple curiae. The building at the end of the gardens enclosed in the Theater of Pompey is also often referred to as the (or at least *a*) curia. The confusing misdirect is that he didn't die in the theater part of the theater of pompey. I agree that we need more names for things.
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  348. Blue, 8 drinks later: CHANCELLOR PALPATINE IS EVIL!
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  349. The first italian parliament proclaimed Vittorio Emanuele II as King of Italy in Turin in 1861, but Italy was not fully unified until the conquest of Rome in 1870 and its designation as the Italian capital in 1871. -B
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  350. Lepidus had Hispania in the wake of the assassination, but after Philippi it was confiscated by Octavian. He may have been the junior partner, but "Divi Filius" counted for quite a bit.
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  351. I still love his work, but my original shout-outs (all three of them) broke the flow, so I took this occasion to streamline -B
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  352. The assembly had all citizens in it all the time, so the citizen base was constantly engaged and institutional knowledge carried over. It's just the specialty roles that had high turnover, and so many active citizens had experience in those roles there would have been no dearth of people to simply go and ask. Bureaucracy comes along later, with Rome and especially the Byzantines. -B
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  353. Nope. Years.
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  354. You're right. I noted that correction in the description. Thank you!
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  355. No, it was marble dust. Shut up
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  356. Get on it Amer :D -B
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  357. I don't know about a L-R skew, but the audio balance is different from normal because Red and I were in the same room so I had less ability to edit the sound in post. Hope it's not too distracting D: -B
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  358. That would require i am physically capable of mentioning it. -B
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  359. * Laughs in Venetian *
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  360. Indeed it was for a different video https://youtu.be/7LZbSbatwSg -B
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