Comments by "Voryn Rosethorn" (@vorynrosethorn903) on "Rudolf Jung - the Karl Marx of Hitler's National Socialism?" video.
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It should be remembered that this was under the direct influence of nationalism. Which sort a new political settlement, for a long period of time the relationship of these groups to the state was feudal, they specific rights and obligations codified in relationship to the Crown, and were largely autonomous in practicality. Thus different groups of many different characters lived within the same national boundaries.
Nationalism sort to standardise a lot of the regional distinctions, and in regards to the very large portion of minorities throughout many of these states the solutions were criminal. Russia operated the same way before communism, and Prussia had large Polish and Germanised Slavic populations. Basically the whole of eastern Europe was quite like the Balkans, but with people who had a long history of cooperation under a shared dynastic and religious framework.
This is one of the lesser known issues with the spread of liberalism, the old kingdoms tried to enforce common identity and language, largely on the advice of whig reformers, but a dialect is very different from a language and the extensive freedoms and flexibilities of such states were exactly because they operated in very large part with the consent of the population, the communists would show exactly how enforcing such changes kills civil society and massively weakens the state itself despite modernisation, Russia a century ago could call on the loyalties of vast and diversely skilled populations, even after the massive weakening of such relationships by reforms undermining foundational social institutions, forced integration policies and the growth in a deeply flawed bureaucratic system increasingly taking over from autonomous powers which functioned rather than sticking to mismanagement in the centre (this was a major problem, the Cossacks were in major economic crisis by 1914 as a result of terribly thought out bureaucratic policies, likewise the logistical and support corps of the Russian army were the epicentre both of corruption and revolution, as it was made up of people who used connections for a cushy time in service).
That Russia was still competitively a vastly more formidable a power than the one the Soviets left behind them, and that was at it's greatest crescendo of crisis.
Austria-Hungary had never been brilliantly led, but it was still an established power and a leader in culture and fashion. It's path was far rosier than the one it's constituent people's ultimately experienced, or indeed the future all European are currently confronting.
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@ This is a deep flaw in democratic systems as these groups become political blocks. Politics becomes a struggle over resources and the state becomes a tool for internal conflict.
Empire can be overly generalised as they have different state structures, for most of the last two hundred years Europeans thought there was only one empire, Rome, but were in dispute over whether the emperor was in the east or west.
States which give a good deal of local autonomy are basically one of only two types of states that can remain stable in spite of diversity, the other kind is totalitarianism, which goes back to legalism (the Chinese philosophy) and the first emperor of china.
In terms of feudal states Russia was a success story for the most part, and while Austria was a dynastic success story and the problems are very largely over stated they did much less with more, those one has to remember that Austria carried on centuries of gruelling war defending europe from a military giant just as one should remember that the Russians lived on a plane, to the north of steppe, the Eurasian steppe, their society is remarkable for surviving at all, that they thrived would be unprecedented if not for Prussia, which was likewise forged in hardship and against odds.
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