Comments by "Peter Lund" (@peterfireflylund) on "RealLifeLore"
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If the Republic of India is a country, then so is the European Union.
It looks a lot like a country with laws ("directives"), a parliament, a court, a government ("commission"), a president, ministries ("directorates-general"):
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institutions_of_the_European_Union
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agencies_of_the_European_Union
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Civil_Service#Directorates-General
It sort of has a foreign policy, including embassies (that are called "representations" because the EU is totally not a country):
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_External_Action_Service
Note how the US, Russia, India and China all have a super important embassy in Brussels that just happens to be really, really big? And that there is a big and important "representation" in Washington, Moscow, New Delhi, and Beijing as well?
The EU military is not entirely coordinated yet. Almost all of it is under national control -- but that was also the case in Germany when WWI started (Germany then consisted of 25+ states/territories/cities) and we would definitely call Imperial Germany a country.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_Military_Staff
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EU_Battlegroup
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_of_the_European_Union
Satellite support is really important these days:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_Satellite_Centre
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Space_Agency#EU_and_the_European_Space_Agency
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESTRACK
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copernicus_Programme
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)
Practically all the satellite/space stuff is dual-use:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-use_technology
France et al are still keeping some of the spy sat technology to themselves (but will undoubtedly share info with the rest of EU if need be):
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleiades_(satellite)
Pleiades is just one example.
And there is the money:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro#Direct_and_indirect_usage
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurozone
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Central_Bank
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_System_of_Central_Banks
We even have vassals/protectorates:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Representative_for_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_Police_Mission_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EUFOR_Althea
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_Special_Representative
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_Rule_of_Law_Mission_in_Kosovo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Interim_Administration_Mission_in_Kosovo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_operations_of_the_European_Union
Actually, I think the EU is probably more of a country these days than India is.
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Nathanael Sallhag Eriksson -- not every country looks like Sweden.
Berlin has its own government, Bruxelles has its own government. Åland has home rule.
Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales have their own parliaments but they are still part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederation#European_Union
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federated_state
The European Union didn't start out as a country and it may not yet quite be one but it has been moving in that direction since its founding. Everybody knows that many of its citizens (maybe even the majority) don't like that so they stick to a polite fiction that the EU is totally not a country. Real countries have flags (oops), laws (oops), courts (oops), military (oops), foreign policies (oops), environmental protection agencies (oops), central banks (oops), passports (oops), ...
But we don't have stamps! ;)
You rightly say that we don't have an official language/a common language (two different things). But a) countries do not need to have official languages. The USA doesn't have one. And they can have more than one (Switzerland, Belgium, South Africa, India, etc.).
It is also quite normal for federated states to have decentralized education -- the US Department of Education wasn't founded until 1979, for example.
It is also quite normal for countries to have areas/territories in which not all laws apply -- Svalbard is an obvious example for Norway. That all EU member states have various opt outs and special cases doesn't mean that EU law isn't a thing.
It is also quite normal to have separatist movements in countries. Think of the Scottish National Party and the referendum they had in 2014. Northern Ireland had a long low intensity civil war about independence. Corsica, the Basque country,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_independence_referendum,_2014
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Troubles
This list is not entirely serious -- Bornholm does not have a serious independence movement -- but it is a good place to start:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_active_separatist_movements_in_Europe
Finally, there is no hard and fast rule about one to one correspondence between countries and currencies. The real world is far more complicated than that.
China consists of mainland China (using the yuan/renminbi), Macau (Macanese pataca), and Hong Kong (Hong Kong dollar).
There are countries with an official currency but with widespread use of US dollars and/or Euros (Zimbabwe!). There are also countries in which different territories nominally use different currencies which Just Happen to have a 1:1 exchange rate (kroner in Denmark/Greenland/Faroe Islands, 117 different kinds of pounds for the UK and dependencies).
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