Comments by "Nattygsbord" (@nattygsbord) on "Gripen Fighter Jet - Canada's Future Fighter?" video.
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Single engine planes are usally better. - And here is the long answer......
Single engined fighters have typically been favored due to their low procurement and operational costs, ease of maintenance and assumed better air-to-air performance. Yet there is also a belief that single-engined fighters are inherently less survivable and lower-performance than twinengined fighters.
In the end, P-38 had to withdrawn from Europe in fighter role (it did continue in photo reconnaissance role) due to heavy losses. For these reasons, twin-engined configuration was typically reserved for lumbering bombers, and night fighters whose only task at the time was bomber-hunting (Me-110 and Mosquito were notably successful in such role).
And also after the war have single-engined planes been the most successful Western fighters – F-86, Mirage, F-16.
Twin engined fighters only became popular when multirole requirements became standard, starting with F-4. But F-4 had disastrous performance in air combat considering its cost, and its ground attack performance was not stellar either.
Single engined fighters tend to be cheaper to buy and operate, easier to maintain and have lower basing requirements. Easier maintenance is primarly due to twice the number of engines means twice the work and twice the likelyhood of something going wrong. It also means that twice as many spare parts are needed, increasing aircraft’s logistical footprint. Even with a possible benefit of fewer peacetime losses.
This means that they provide advantage in two most important areas: 1) pilot training and 2) allowing larger number of combat sorties for the same cost.
Furthermore, does a small size tends to make single-engine planes easier to camouflage on the ground.
Reasons why single engined fighters tend to have better combat effectiveness are several. Single engined fighters tend to be smaller, lighter, and better optimized aerodynamically, which automatically improves survivability in a dogfight. Having one engine means that mass is distributed closer to the centerline axis, which reduces roll inertia and improves roll onset rate.
Wing loading is also typically lower for single-engined fighters. And smaller size means that they have surprise advantage, as they are harder to acquire and track either visually or with optical (visual, IR) sensors.
Lower drag oftentimes (though not necessarily) means higher cruise speed despite often lower Thrust-to-weight ratio.
Gripen C similarly is capable of cruising at Mach 1,1 at dry thrust and with 6 missiles despite being underpowered, and its economical cruise speed is again Mach 0,92. F-16 can achieve Mach 1,1 at dry thrust and with two missiles, most likely due to added drag of horizontal tail, while the F-15 can achieve a cruise speed of only Mach 0,71 despite far higher thrust-to-weight ratio, primarly due to the high cruise drag.
Note: increased drag in twin-engined fighters is primarly a result of a number of factors. First is increased tail-boat drag due to shaping required to place two engines next to each other – there is an area between the engines which typically ends in a flat plate if engines are close together, and if not then additional fuselage required to separate engines still leads to higher drag.
Secondly, a typically wider body leading to higher form and profile drag. Single engined fighters also tend to have higher fuel fraction, and thus combat persistence, than twin-engined ones.
This resulted in the F-8 and the F-16 having significantly greater persistence and range than their twin-engined counterparts (F-15 and F-18 for the latter; speaking of USAFs competence, USAF did not want a single-engine fighter to have a
greater range than the F-15, but focused on total fuel capacity as opposed to the fuel fraction and thrust-to-drag). With modern European fighters situation is opposite, mostly due to differing requirements France, Sweden and Eurofighter consortium had for their fighters. That being said, Gripen E is expected to have almost as high fuel fraction as, and better endurance/range than, twin-engined Rafale.
And as counter-intuitive as it may sound, single-engined fighters have better combat survivability as well. Most modern Western fighters have engines so close together that any amount of damage taking out one engine is almost certain to take out another as well. Even if a twin-engined aircraft loses a single engine without another one getting taken out, it immediately looses 50% of the thrust and 81% of the performance, making it a sitting duck and easily killed by the opponent.
Due to all above factors, twin-engined fighters are more likely to get hit in combat while not being any more likely to survive getting hit.Twin engined designs do not necessarily have better peacetime survivability either. F-106, despite being single-engined, had 15 losses in first 90.000 hours, compared to 17 for the F-4.
Single-engined F-105 also had low peacetime loss rate.
Swedish JAS-39 has a better safety record than the F-18 despite having one engine less – 13% of Canada’s CF-18s have been lost in crashes compared to 2% of Gripens; a loss rate of 0,36% per year versus 0,08% per year for Gripens. Rafale suffered 4 crashes in 64.000 hours.
Gripen suffered 5 crashes total in 203.000 flight hours. None were related to either engine or aerodynamic configuration of the aircraft: 2 were due to underdeveloped FCS, 2 were due to the pilot error and 1 was due to ejection seat issue. Typhoon suffered 3 crashes total in 240.000 flight hours. One was due to double engine flameout and two due to unexplained reasons. F-22 reached 100.000 flight hours on 11.9.2011., and by that time had 4 losses.
Overall, F-15 had a crash rate of 2,36 per 100.000 hours and F-16 of 4,48 per 100.000 hours. Less than quarter of the F-16 losses were due to the engine failure, with leading cause of losses being FCS issues and human mistake. On the other hand, most F-15s lost have experienced engine fires, meaning that engine-related loss rate is actually higher for the F-15 than for the F-16.
F-18 crash rate is 3,6 per 100.000 hours, and Gripen’s is 2,46 per 100.000 hours, and 6,25 for Rafale.
Overall, statistics show that single-role air superiority fighters tend to be safer than contemporary multirole fighters regardless of number of engines.
And while very rare, it is also very possible to land a single-engine fighter with engine out. More common are crashes of twin-engine aircraft due to a single-engine flameout. In the end, theoretical superior peacetime survivability of a twin-engined aircraft is neither large or certain enough to offset lower combat survivability and performance, typically smaller fleet size, higher maintenance downtime and higher operating cost. That being said, aircraft has to be well designed aerodynamically in order to take advantage of a single-engined configuration (ref. Gripen); single engined F-35 is the worst-performing Western fighter, and one of most expensive ones, due to two factors: bad aerodynamic design and weight more typical of twin-engined fighters. It is also likely to have high crash rate – not due to its single-engine configuration, but due to its extremely complex hardware (overly complex engine and avionics) and software (24 million lines of code) design.
Analysis of air operations in Vietnam and Arab-Israeli wars has revealed that 62% of losses of single-engined aircraft was caused by fuel fire, 18% was caused by the pilot being disabled, 10% by damage to control surafces, 7% by engine loss and 3% by structural damage.
https://defenseissues.net/2014/08/09/single-vs-twin-engined-fighters/
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Once air superiority has been won, it doesn't really matter what kind of plane that deliever the bombs.
The old ancient F16 can do the job just as well as the new F35 in this regard. So for that task I would prefer a plane that can carry much bombs, that is cheap to fly, a plane that doesn't cost much to build and isn't too expensive too lose.
So preferbly I would like to have a plane with A6 Intruders bombload, Gripen's low maintance cost and low production costs, and having a plane that isn't too expensive too lose - like the F35.
The F16 and Gripen are much better bombtrucks in that sense. F16 is an old plane that can be afford to be lost, while Gripen is also a low cost plane.
Another bonus with Gripen, is its ability to make many sorties per day. While the F35 is just a maintance hog sitting in the repairshop most during the time of the war. Actully I think that the F35 seems crappy for the bombtruck role, just as it is crappy and almost everything else - such as the close air support role due to its fuel thirsty engines, its high speed and vulnerability to fire from the ground.
And as I said earlier, flying a Gripen only costs 4700 dollars per hour while a F35 costs 31.000.
Letting F35 fly bombtruck missions is like hiring a Limousine to drive to the grocery store down the street to buy a package of milk.
It seems quite odd to me.
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The F22 was great, but it was too costly so they started to look at the F35 as a cheaper substitute. But the F35 have failed that hope in every way, and the project is constantly going more and more over budget.
And seen with facts in hand, we can now be clever in hindsight and say that it have been a failed project. Many might be surprised, but I am not. Stealth is overrated, and I don't think that the time has yet come when one type of plane can fullfill all roles of all planes to a good degree.
The Navy wanted a VSTOL plane so they got a plane with a relativly fat fuselage and small wings. And in order to get more stealthy the plane also had to hide all weapons inside the body of the plane - which in turn made the plane fat. That helped the plane do vertical take offs better, but on the other hand did that also make the plane shitty in air combat since it got too tiny wings to make sharp turns. And the attempts to give the plane fighter capabilities have in turn made the plane too fast to see any targets on the ground, so the plane therefore also suck att giving close air support. And its fuel hungry engine makes the plane expensive to run, and it cannot stay in the air for hours to be ready for giving the troops on the ground support whenever they need it.
So it sucks at aircombat because have the highest wingload of any modern fighter jet. It suck at VSTOL since it cannot carry weapons and the engine heat could melt carrier decks. It suck at close air support because its too fast and fuel hungry. And it is a cost-ineffiecent bombtruck.
And the stealth was compromised away like anything else, when it was decided that no device would be added that could hide the warm exhaust gases coming from the engine.
And the plane crashes just as often, and is just as expensive and maintance demanding as most two-engined planes. Indeed, oftentimes even more.
If the US military could make this stupid decision to build a plane that is "good at everything", then I question their competence. The F35 is to planes what TOGII was to tanks.
Stealth is a good, but is it worth sacrificing everything else good in plane for it? I think not.
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I think stealth is overrated today, and it will probably become even less important in the future when detection technologies improve. Some types of radars can see all kinds of planes and have done so since radar was invented in the 1940s so stealth is just a relative concept. Furthermore does stealth also depend much on from which angle a plane is getting ovserved from. And finally, even if a plane cannot be seen with radar, it could be detected with other types of sensors - such as heat-skeeing detectors - and the Rafale can easily see the F35 from many dozens of kilometres away since the F35 got the most powerful engine in the world and it also lacks any device that cool off the hot air from the engine so it can remain undetected, because F35 doesn't carry a such thing onboard to save weight.
Good stealth might allow your plane live a little bit longer and allow you to get closer to the enemy, so you could get in range to kill him. But one should not overestimate the importance of stealth. Atleast as important is the equipment onboard, and if you can find an enemy plane far away and got good missiles to kill him before he even got a chance to spot you, then you got a huge advantage even if you fly the shittiest most unstealthy plane in the world.
I also think that auto-cannons on planes are a bit outdated and that we live in a new age of missiles, but I wouldn't want a plane to be without a little cannon just in case.
The Russian planes looks best on paper since they are super-manouverble and can engage targets 400km away, while F22 and F15 are less manouvarble only can attack targets 160km away. And with stealth on top of all that, I think that the Pak Fa will punch the crap out of any F35 coming its way. PAK FA is the best plane. But Gripen is the best plane one could get in relation to price. In a computer game I would only have Pak Fa's in my air force, but in the real world with money constrains I would go for the Gripen, and perhaps also get a few Su35, F22 or Eagles to get this Hi/low mix.
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"I have nothing against it, except that if one engine stalls, there's no other to keep that bird flying. Up the Canadian North, that means a dead pilot if he's not found and retrieved fast. I lived in the Arctic. I know the problem: a minus 40 degrees can go down to the minus 90s if the windshield factor really interacts."
- A plane could go down crashing for multiple reasons and not just the engine - the flight control system can fail, the landing gear could jam, the B26 bomber often had accidents because it came into landing at a too high speed, and the Me109 had its tight landing gear that caused many crashes, and so fourth.
So it makes more sense to actully look on how many planes have been lost in total than just stirring oneself blind on the fact that a plane lacks an extra engine - like you do now.
JAS39 Gripen have so far not have not had a single crash caused by its engine. And it is also overall a safe plane that is more likely to get you home alive in a trip to the north pole than a F/A 18 Hornet.
And a twin-engine pilot will just be equally dead in the artic if his plane gets hit by lightning and crash, or if his plane gets destroyed in a mid-air collision or hitting the ground, or if his flight control system fail, or if the pilot makes a mistake because of spatial disorientation or if he forgets to close a hatch after his plane has undergone aerial refueling and run out of fuel and crash, or if someone shots down his plane by mistake. A fuel tank could also catch fire and bring down the plane.
So as I said, much things can bring down a plane - not just a failed engine. And with that in mind I would say Gripen is one of the best planes for artic climate. Northern Sweden is a also a cold place that needs to be defended, so its an obvious must for Swedish military aircraft that it should be able to function in cold harsh climates. Northern Sweden is very cold, and this is why this country produces so many NHL-players.
And Gripen also got equal or better range than F35, Eurofighter, Rafale, and Superhornet.
http://gripen4canada.blogspot.se/p/how-the.html
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Due to costs overruns, one could no longer say that the F35 is the cheaper plane and the F22 the better more expensive one. The F35 have been a dissapointment - both in performance and costwise.
And neighter is the F35 stealthy according to many top notch aircraft experts. And good aerodynamic planes are beautiful, while this plane is ugly as fuck and suck at aerodynimics, because it is more designed at being stealthy and hiding its weaponary inside the plane... which gives the plane a pot belly and shitty aerodynamics and bad stealth.
The F22 is undoubtably a great plane. Its overpriced in the minds of us living in countries with smaller defence budgets than the USA, but it is a great plane. If price was a non-issue I would pick that plane for my ideal airforce.
But since we don't live in an ideal world with unlimited money and where USA have allowed export of the F22, that option goes out the window.
So if importing Russian planes is not an option either, I would then buy the JAS-39.
Simply because you get a hell of a lot of fighter aircraft for a small amount of money. No other plane gives as much bang for the buck. And while I am an admirer of US fighter jets (F4, P51, F14 and F16 are sexy as hell), I also have to admit that the F35 is a huge fucking failure. Its an overpriced shitty plane... F15E is much better, SU35 is much better, Typhoon is much better, MIG31, and MIG35 is better. And many of those plane are old 4th generation planes.
The JAS39 is ugly and it is tiny and cheap... but it can carry all kinds of modern weaponary (unlike the F35).
And with a good pilot it is a worthy opponent of any jet in service today. Overall do I think aircrafts today are quite overly expensive in relation to the benifit they do to the wareffort.... and that includes all modern planes, but JAS39 is the least shitty plane in that aspect among any other plane on the top 10 list of the best fighter planes.
I can see where other people are coming from when they say they want a better plane if it means a higher price. But that F35 is just overly expensive crap that is getting outclassed by plane after plane as I already mentioned. Planes that are both older and cheaper.
And despite its huge costs, this plane doesn't perform much better than the JAS39. And in many aspects its actully a little bit worse.
I can actully not come up with a single good reason to have the F35 in any airforce in the world.
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It would be wonderful if one could have just one plane for the entire military. That would keep production costs at the minimum when everything could be standardized and massproduced cheaply. And the need for spareparts would be minimal. And mechanics doesn't have to be taught how to repair different planes etc.
But the problem is that planes cannot do all jobs well at once. Some planes are good for air combat, others are good for attacking groundtargets, others are good for transport, others for recon, others for serving or aircraft carriers, others for long-range patrol missions in the North Sea, others are good at knocking out tanks and resisting ground fire.
And if you try to merge all those features into one single plane, its easy to just end up with a plane that cannot fullfill any of those roles as good as other planes can. Your "jack of all trades" simply becomes good at none.
And the F35 seems to have fallen victim to the wishes of becoming good at everything and save costs. But now this plane have long since gone over budget, and despite the F35 program already have consumed more money than the GDP of many rich European countries, so is this plane not at all any impressive in its performance. Actully it is quite bad in comparison with many other planes.
I guess the US military became overambitious, and in hindsight most people would say that it had been better that America had gone with building many types of planes instead of replacing all F18's, A10's, F16's and AV8B's with the F35.
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It would be wonderful if one could have just one plane for the entire military. That would keep production costs at the minimum when everything could be standardized and massproduced cheaply. And the need for spareparts would be minimal. And mechanics doesn't have to be taught how to repair different planes etc.
But the problem is that planes cannot do all jobs well at once. Some planes are good for air combat, others are good for attacking groundtargets, others are good for transport, others for recon, others for serving or aircraft carriers, others for long-range patrol missions in the North Sea, others are good at knocking out tanks and resisting ground fire.
And if you try to merge all those features into one single plane, its easy to just end up with a plane that cannot fullfill any of those roles as good as other planes can. Your "jack of all trades" simply becomes good at none.
And the F35 seems to have fallen victim to the wishes of becoming good at everything and save costs. But now this plane have long since gone over budget, and despite the F35 program already have consumed more money than the GDP of many rich European countries, so is this plane not at all any impressive in its performance. Actully it is quite bad in comparison with many other planes.
I guess the US military became overambitious, and in hindsight most people would say that it had been better that America had gone with building many types of planes instead of replacing all F18's, A10's, F16's and AV8B's with the F35.
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"Wow I will give you the F 35's range is an issue for the Canadian Air Force it is a literally a whole generation ahead of the Griffin"
F35 is shitty compared to many 4th generation fighters. Its an overpriced, overly complex piece of garbage. Su35, Mig35, Silent Eagle, Rafale, Gripen and Eurofighter are literarly a generation backwards, but yet they all outperform the F35 in most things.... in everything from maximum speed to wingload, to thrust-to-weight ratio, to combat radius, to ferry range, to hardppoints, to operating costs, to peacetime crashrates per 100.000 flight hours.
Plus you would lose the ability to network and integrate with the US Air Force the F 35's greatest feature.
Sweden is not located in another galaxy like you seem to think. It is a rich modern western country in Europe with a long proud history of its weapons industry, and lots of western armies have bought Swedish military equipment (including the USA) everything from warships, to planes, to rocketlaunchers, to IFVs, to bofors guns of a large variety of calibers, to RBS70 SAMs to other things.
And things made are Nato standard. Believe it or not :O
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