Comments by "Nattygsbord" (@nattygsbord) on "Military History Visualized"
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First of all, the greatest change in warfare was the use of barbed wire which was totally impossible to get through without endless bombardment of high explosive shells, and even with huge bombardment it could be a dangerous project to attack across no mans land. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8hQ-otfHZx8
Secondly, the machine gun had dramatically increased the firepower of the infantry so a few machine guns could produce the same wall of bullets flying around in the air as an entire regiment of line infantry.
And artillery now had new types of shells and they could hit targets beyond visable range - eventhough that was rarily practical since there was no radio that could be used to direct the fire onto the target. So even if you somehow manage to punch a big hole into the enemy land and take much terrain you would not be able defend yourself that well against an enemy counter-attack.
Your artillery don't know where to shoot because they cannot see the enemy. And dragging machine guns into position would take time. And if the enemy act swiftly you will not have the time to dig in and form an organized defence, but the men would rather being scattered just after the breakthrough and vulnerable to a counter-attack.
And the lack of communication would be problematic for the men at the front who don't know what to do. And the commander who is sitting miles behind the frontline didn't know what is going on at the front - since there was no radio communication and it took about 8 hours on average for an order from the General headquarters to reach the troops at the frontline, and it took an equal amount of time to get information back to the HQ. So the Commander could not exploit his succeful attack or sending in reinforcements to defend the taken terrain from an enemy counterattack.
So with other words, Technology were greatly biased in favour of the defenders.
And what retarded Generals did was to attack and attack again over and over, and thinking that just a little more men and guns would make the next attack likely to succed. And all this lack of imagination costed millions of lives for nothing.
Cadornas 12 Isonzo offensives are the most clear example of this failure to learn from past mistakes. And accusing the General of incompetence is simply a too mild accusation. They are really more guilty of a criminal waste of their own solidiers lives. And Haig, Hötzendorf, Cadorna and Falkenhayn all deserves to have their names thrown into the mud. I can excuse some gigantic failures on their part because of the huge changes technology and tactics, but at some point those idiots should have learned.
And their stupid shit never did anything to bring their own country to victory. The solution then came with the tank that could drive through the barbed wire, the radio that allowed the attackers to call in artillery support and reinforcements, and to get fresh orders that wasn't totally outdated.
And the German stormtrooper tactics also gave the solidiers at the frontline much more freedom to make their own decisions instead of following outdated orders that no longer made sense in the actual period of time. So the Germans could act with much more flexibility than their enemies, and the stormtroops also had much more firepower at their disposal in the weapons they carried, so they were much more flexible than the ordinary troops that had to make the trouble of coordinating things with the artillery and wasting time.
So the German army had turned everything upside down. Instead of bombarding an area for weeks and alerting the enemy, the Germans instead made a short bombardment and used the element of surprise. And instead of leading men from behind the frontline by a dumbass General who knew nothing about the war, they gave experienced NCOs who knew the war and knew their troops the task of deciding on how the war should be fought.
So the Germans could act much faster and their enemies, and the allied orders became more and more outdated as the German rolled up their defensive lines. And they were always a step ahead.
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Things depends on the combat distances. When you fire at targets far away you do want a rifle. While a SMG are better at close ranges.
The M1 Garand was a great rifle for its time (in WWII) when combat distances were large. But modern wars have seen a tendency towards much more close combat distances and then have the rifle become more and more unpractical.
You rarely got the time to aim for a "one-shot, one kill" in Vietnam, even if you were lucky enough to even actually see the enemy. Now you spray bullets into one direction and hope one of those bullets find its target. And even if you are not able to hit anyone, are you probably at least able to suppress your enemy and force him to take cover in a ditch while your firing is going on.
If the modern assault gun is an M16, then could say that M1 garand is the the old WWII rifle.
You say that the modern assault rifle, is a combination between a SMG and the "battle rifle". But personally I do not completely agree with that statement. M14 which the Americans used in Vietnam do however fit very well into the description of "a combination between a SMG and a battle rifle".
The problem with M14 however was that it unlike the M16 still used old heavy rifle ammunition, because the Americans still liked their old M1 rifle and had a hard time of let go of the old ideas of a one-shot kill.
The powerful ammunition of M14 is great when you want send away a shot long distances and kill targets far away.
But the problem is that the recoil also becomes greater with rifle ammunition than it does with small cartridges of pistols and SMGs. So if you wanna fire a rapid burst, then will the recoil become so great that you shake so much that you cannot aim properly or hit your target.
So the solution for the Americans then became to drop this concept of the M14 completely, and go over to the M16 instead. M16 fired smaller rounds which gave less recoil and therefore also better precision with automatic firing. The bullets smaller size also saved weight. And the plastic material did not swell like wood do after it gets wet.
So the old rifle does not have a place on the modern battlefield. The old long range fighting from world war 1 belongs to the past. Now it is instead more important to put as much lead up into the air as possible.
But some modern battlefield theorists do however argue that the sniper rifle now have a much larger role to play than ever, and that groups of one or two dozen snipers can paralyze an entire city.
So there seem to be some contradictory trends going on, with more snipers on one hand, and in the other hand do you see an insane increase of ammunition consumption per killed soldier, with something like 600.000 shots fired for every enemy soldier killed in Vietnam compared to 400 shots per kill in the Napoleonic wars, 20.000 around WW1, and 200.000 in WWII.
I think this video does excellent explain why M1 and M14 does not have any place on a modern battlefield.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mby4hOq-DpI
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The Russian tree is based on earlier practical experience with tank designs that worked in the past:
T34→T44→T55→T62→T64→t72→T80→T90
The Nato countries are not so similiar. But because of standardization within Nato have almost all Nato tanks used the British L7 105mm gun (Centurion, AMX30, Leopard1, M60, M1 Ambrams etc) and later on have the 120mm rheinmetall gun become standard (used on for example Leopard2, M1 Abrams) and also other tanks use120mm guns such as Leclerc, Challanger 2, Merkava, C1 Ariete.
Priorities have been different for the many armies. British Chieftain was a slow tank with good armor and firepower. French AMX30 and German Leopard had bad armor protection, but their speed and firepower was excellent.
And M50 Ontos, Merkava and Stridsvagn-103 could be seen as very odd birds, with very innovative designs.
The last generation of MBTs are however much similar in many ways Merkava, M1 Abrams, Leopard2, Leclerk, Ariete, Challanger 2 do look much similar and all have 120mm guns. But there are of course also many differences.
Abrams is a heavy tank while Challanger2 is much more lighter. Abrams use uranium ammunition, while German Leopard 2 doesn't and therefore have to get a new gun to be able to kill the newest Russian tanks without using uranium ammunition.
Also Merkava could be upgraded and get a bigger gun. But today that is not so important. Using a 15cm gun to kill and old T-72 tank of Israels neighbors would be overkill. Why use a big an expensive shot to kill a cheap garbage tank if you can easily kill it with small shots instead? So it is better to stick with the old 120mm ammunition that is easier and faster to reload, and you can also carry more rounds of ammunition.
When Israels neigbours get better tanks, then it can become time to reconsider doing an expensive upgrade of the gun and armor for Merkava. But today that is not so urgent.
And Leclerk is a tank that will not be upgunned, because it can't be. Its turret ring is too small to carry a bigger gun, and that means that Leclerk will be unable to penetrate the armor of Russia's new Armata tank.
Challanger 2 is a tank with much potential left. But the British government does not want to spend more money on that tank, and have even thought about buying Leopard2 tanks instead. And the Italians have much upgrades to do before their C1 Ariete can play in the same league as the other MBTs. That will of course cost money for the country with economic problems. As it is today however do this tank need better frontal armor, since even a world war 2 T34/85 tank would be able to penetrate the lower front plate. And the precision of the gun is under-performing.
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@Kieselmeister
"becoming carbon neutral"
As if "carbon neutral" matters when nuclear reactors contributes massively to global warming through other ways - only the tiny amount of Swedish nuclear plants creates over 200 Terawatts of waste heat, which is more than the amount of energy we spent to heat every home in cold Sweden for 1 year. So when you release all that waste heat into the ocean you contribute massively to global warming. And this heat also stimulates the growth of algae - and all algae growth sucks up all oxygen from the water so that all fish dies from lack of oxygen.
"No other reactor design before or since has ever been as dangerous"
According to IAEA are Swedish nuclear reactors even more unreliable than those 4 nuclear plants of Chernobyl type that are stationed outside St. Petersburg. On an average year are our old plants closed down more days for repairs than theirs.
And there have also been incidents that were close to becoming nuclear disasters, but were stopped in the last moment. So therefore are they not much talked about in the news.
"the only reason fukushima happened"
Fukushima reactors are not safe in my opinion. Almost all (if not all) nuclear reactors in the world use an old analog technology instead of digital ones. In my opinion is that retarded. I have done some PLC programming myself, and I do not agree with the idea that analog is superior to digital. I would say it is the other way around.
"The technology to make reactors which fail "safe" instead of failing "deadly" has existed for over 40 years"
Nuclear energy have existed for so long, and still people market it as something "new" and "high tech" when it in fact is an old technology invented by a Swedish guy a hundred years ago. Meanwhile have seen disaster after disaster happen Sellafield, Harrisburg, Chernobyl, Tokaimura, Fukushima.
And every time nuclear fanboys says its only "a one time event" "so unlikely that it would never happen". And yet they keep on happening. And people blame earth quakes, Communism, greedy Japanese companies and all kinds of things... except nuclear power itself. A dangerous energy source we have not yet learned to master, and yet we put the survival of the entire planet in danger. No one in the nuclear lobby gives an answer how we can safely store nuclear fuel safely for hundreds of thousands of years.
Instead I usually only get a bullsh*t answer: "technology will solve this".
But what if technology doesn't solve every problem in the world? What is plan B?
If I was optimistic about technology solving every human problem, then I would rather drive my car on
lingonberry juice than nuclear energy.
"and are still operating dangerous 50 year old reactors instead of replacing them"
And still there is no plan what to do with all the toxic radioactive plutonium, uranium, cesium. 75 years have passed since Hiroshima was bombed, and this problem have not been solved yet. Well I have lost my patience with the nuclear lobby.
This problem should be fixed before more money is spent on nuclear power.
There was enough nuclear waste located at Chernobyl to kill all life in Europe - and there was a high chance that a second nuclear explosion nearly did just that.
In Fukushima there was even more spent fuel stored - and fuel which were even more dangerous than the one stored at Chernobyl. And if that fuel leaks out into the environment, it is enough to kill all life on this planet.
We are with other words playing Russian roulette with all life on this planet.
What happens the next time a disaster happen? Maybe we aren't that lucky. And once all nuclear waste leaks out there is no way you could get the genie back into the bottle. It is GAME OVER for the planet.
And it doesn't matter if it happens because the Japanese were foolish to build nuclear plants in a land prone to earthquakes, or it happened because of an ISIS terrorist attack, or a meteorite falling down from the sky and blowing a hole into the metal container at Fukushima containing all spent fuel. We will all die.
"But the USA's schizophrenic environmental lobby has demanded that all spent nuclear fuel be buried in the desert, while also refusing to allow the waste to be transported TO that desert because it would have to go past their houses, so it just sits forever in cans in swimming pools at the reactor sites."
I think the world should come together and solve this problem once and for all. We should pump in money into USA so we can finish this storage facility in Arizona. And the "not in my backyard" club and their hypocritical governor should be thrown under the bus.
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