Comments by "Javier Flores" (@JJFlores197) on "NetworkChuck" channel.

  1. In the same concept as the IOT stuff, you can setup a guest network so that if you have guests over and don't want to give them your wifi password, you can create a new wifi just for guests (along with a new subnet/VLAN) and they will have no access to any of your devices on your main network.
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  2. VirtualBox isn't intended to be used for gaming purposes. You can try it, but it likely won't work well except for maybe older games.
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  3. pfsense runs on a computer. That's what is acting as the router. I don't know if you can install pfsense on a router itself, but I doubt it.
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  4. You can sort of think of a type 1 hypervisor as the OS. However, you have to keep in mind that this hypervisor isn't meant to be used as a regular OS. You don't interface directly with a type 1 hypervisor usually. You install the hypervisor on the server and use another PC to connect to the hypervisor (usually via web interface) to manage it.
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  5. The bare metal image is an ISO. In short, an ISO is a virtual disk image. Its intended to be used to install Kali Linux directly on a computer either by burning that ISO to a DVD or creating a bootable USB flash drive. This will still work for a virtual machine. On the other hand, the virtual machine option is a pre-built VM that you just import into Virtual Box. You don't need to go through the install process. You just download the pre-made VM, import it into VBox and that's it. Turn on the VM and the system is ready to use. Either will work fine.
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  6. The computers are connected to each other via a switch. When you send a ping from 1 PC to the other, the PC sends the entire IP packet, but the switch only understands MAC addresses. it doesn't matter since the switch only cares about the MAC addresses which it uses to deliver the frame to the correct device. The network stack of the computers allow it to receive the packet and then respond to the ping (assuming no firewall rules are in place preventing this).
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  7. Nope. The current state of the videos is far from complete. NWC is a good presenter, but he still has a very, very long way to go to finish the series. The videos are good if you want a high level overview of networking, but none of them go in-depth as they should to be called "CCNA". He hasn't even shown you how to configure a Cisco router or switch. I suggest watching Jeremy's IT lab and/or David Bombal. They may not be as "exciting" and "energetic" as NWC, but they are much more informative and complete.
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  8. That is correct.
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  9.  @wronguniverse_2930  Not usually. Occasionally, some websites (like email or other secure pages) may want extra verification when you try to log in, because you have a different public IP, but its not too common.
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  10. Macs don't have a BIOS interface. All computers have a BIOS/UEFI, but Apple doesn't give you an interface to change settings.
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  11. A pure router is only used for routing. It doesn't have any switching capabilities. Most typical home routers have a switch built in, but enterprise and business-level routers usually only have a few network ports (LAN and WAN and maybe some failover/aux ports). That's why they plug in a switch after the router.
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  12. Yeah apple doesn't give you a way to interface with the BIOS.
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  13. Hey sometimes you have to break stuff to learn how stuff works...
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  14. Not in the slightest. This series is far from complete. There are many topics he hasn't gone over or if he did, it was very brief. He hasn't even shown you how to configure a Cisco router and a switch. He's a good and enthusiastic presenter, but lacks a lot of important Cisco-spcific information. I would watch David Bombal or Jeremy's IT Lab. They may not be as exciting or energetic as NWC, but they are far more informative, and most importantly, complete. This series, in its current state, is ok if you want to have a high-level overview of general networking knowledge, but it is not even close to what you need to know for the actual certification.
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  15. I'm not 100% sure, but it looks like his site just links to these videos once you pay for it. Normally, it wouldn't be that bad of a deal, but his CCNA series is very far from complete. There is absolutely no way anyone can pass the CCNA with this series alone and no outside resources. Its not a bad video series, but there still a lot of information (and I do mean a lot) that he hasn't covered. He hasn't even shown you how to setup a Cisco router or switch. That's pretty important to know how to do if you're working on Cisco. So far, his videos seem to focus on general network knowledge. That's fine, but its not enough for the CCNA.
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  16. Try increasing the amount of space for the virtual hard disk. I'd go for at least 50 GB.
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  17.  @ortholmolla7781  I don't know if you realize it, but those are scam troll bots.
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  18. A virtual machine system like Proxmox or Hyper-V or VMware ESXi lets you run multiple guest systems simultaneously. If you were to install each of those systems directly, it would work, but you can only run one of those systems at a time.
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  19. This is done at the router level. You will need to create different networks for whichever subnets you want to create. I don't think most typical home routers let you do this, or if they can, it is very basic.
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  20. If you're following the rules, technically yes. You are still supposed to follow all licensing requirements for virtual machines. Unofficially, you can run W10 indefinitely w/o a product key.
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  21. They'll still use disk space, but the other resources are freed when the vm is shut down.
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  22. There are 2 types of hypervisors: Type 1 and Type 2 A type 1 hypervisor (like VMware ESXi, Hyper-V, etc) are what I suppose you're referring to as dedicated host systems. When you install ESXi, that is the operating system. You manage the ESXi host through its web interface (or command line interface if you need to), where you can create virtual machines, turn them on or off and other activities. A type 2 hypervisor is where the virtual machine program runs like another computer program on top of the host system. So in this case, VirtualBox is a type 2 hv since it requires a host system, like Windows, to run.
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  23. Either one is fine. The Installer one is the ISO file. This will be similar to what he shows in the video. The Virtual Machine file is a pre-built image that you just add to VirtualBox. Its all setup and ready to use.
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  24. There are viruses and malware that have been known to break out of virtual machines. They're quite rare, but they are out there. If you're going to be playing with fire, I strongly suggest learning bout how to keep your host and guest systems as isolated as possible. There also viruses that can detect if they're running in a VM and will not be activated, which can potentially give you false hope.
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  25. You will need to virtualize the cloned drive. This will create a virtual hard disk file which you can then attach to the VM. I use StarWind P2V to virtualize drive. There is also Microsoft Sysinternals Disk2vhd, but I had better luck with Starwind. No need to partition your hard drive. You just save your virtual hard disk files to the hard drive like any other file.
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  26. Each interface on a router and switch has its own MAC address. So when PC-1 sends a packet out to the internet, the packet first arrives at the router. At the L2 header, the source MAC is PC-1's MAC address and the destination MAC is the router's LAN interface MAC address. The router then sends this packet to its WAN interface where it changes the source MAC from PC-1 to its (the router's) LAN interface and the destination MAC to the router's WAN interface's MAC address.
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  27. Kali Linux has a lot of cyber-security oriented tools so you can use it to practice what you're learning. There are tools/scripts for wifi hacking, hacking in general, etc.
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  28.  @harismith497  The exact steps depend on your router. In general, there should be a section that let's you change the network-specific settings, including the router's IP address. You can change it to whatever you want, as long as you understand subnets. For your individual devices, that depends again on your router and devices. Most devices should have a network setting that let's you request a new IP address from the router. It may give it the same one or a different one.
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  29. I have not tried this: https://chromeready.com/4003/install-virtualbox-chromebook/ but this guide supposedly shows you how to install VirtualBox on ChromeOS. Just keep in mind that Chromebooks in general don't have very good hardware so you may not have a very good experience.
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  30. That's an interesting approach. I've never seen it be done like that. Usually, in the US a lot of coffee shops/restaurants/businesses offer free wifi. Some may offer free and slow wifi and also have the option to pay for a faster connection, but you pay within the captive portal itself via credit card.
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  31. I don't think VLANs inherently provide security, but it does help segment your network and make it easier to create firewall rules for different networks. For instance, you can have 2 networks: home network (for your personal devices) and a guest network/IoT network for guests or IoT devices. You can create firewall rules that prevent either network from talking to each other. So if you have a friend who brings in a potentially infected laptop (just for example) and he connects it to your guest network, it won't affect any of your devices on your private home network.
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  32. Its the same process. The main difference is that you have to change the virtual machine's install location inside of VBox settings.
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  33. How exactly do you think you can get connected to the internet without an ISP? Are you going to run a cable from your house all the way to the nearest internet exchange? We have ISPs because they connect us to the internet. They spend the big bucks to connect to other ISPs. The internet is essentially a very, very large collection of interconnected networks, hence the term internet. There isn't a single place you can just "plug in" and get internet.
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  34. Yes and no. By default, VBox creates a thin virtual hard disk file. That means that the file will only take up as much space as is currently being used. In other words, if you have a 20 GB virtual hard disk, but only have 5 GB used, the virtual hard disk file will be a 5 GB file. As you start using more storage on your virtual hard disk, the file size will increase.
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  35. What are you referring to? You want to change the background on what?
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  36. There's a channel called TotalSeminars with a video: Mike Meyers on: Touring the Network Server Room that should give you a general idea of large networks and how they are physically setup.
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  37. No. I believe they are technically layer 1 devices since a hub pretty much sends all data from its ports to every port. As such, it has no concept of any of the higher layers of the OSI model. I wouldn't really worry about hubs. They are practically useless in most applications nowadays.
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  38.  @tommythompson1286  You may need to give your VM more storage.
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  39. The default gateway is usually the router which is a host device.
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  40. He goes over that at 2:30
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  41. Make sure you attached the ISO file to the VM's virtual DVD drive. By default, I believe the virtual DVD drive is set as the first boot device. Once you do this, the VM should boot from the ISO file you added.
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  42.  @saidfrh  I would delete the vm that has the failed installation and create a new one. From there, you can adjust the size of the virtual had disk.
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  43. Chances are that the cable will work fine if you don't follow the standards. However, if you're making cables, its best to follow the set-standards as some network equipment may not work well or at all if the wires are in the wrong order. It can save a lot of headache down the line when troubleshooting.
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  44. I think you got it backwards. You put the ISP router in bridge mode so that your other router acts as the router. Anyways, there are some advantages to doing this, but it depends on how much time you're willing to learn and invest in this. With your own router, you can usually create custom networks and subnets and overall have more control over you networks compared to the ISP router. Whether or not its worth it really depends on you and your needs.
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  45. It will still take up disk space, but not CPU/RAM if the vm is off.
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  46. From what I've read, they don't seem to be great. A lot of employers don't really value the google IT certs compared to CompTIA's certs.
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  47. If you clone the VM, the clone will take up the same amount of space as the original one. You can't exactly "clone" RAM. If you have the clone VM running only, then that vm will use RAM, not the original one. If you have both VMs running, then yes, both will be using RAM.
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  48. You don't need any in particular. If your school offers them, take as many IT courses as you can. If not, its not the end of the world. A lot of us learned by playing around with computers at home. I don't know what your current skills are. If you don't know much about computers, start with the basics. Grab an old PC you may have laying around and take it apart completely. Learn the hardware and put it back together. It doesn't need to be anything fancy or even functional; bonus points if you can make it work again. Once you understand that, you can move onto things like software and go from there. As I'm sure you're aware, the IT industry is a very broad industry with many sub-fields. You don't absolutely have to start from here, but I think its important to at least have some working knowledge about how computers work since you will be primarily working with computers even if you're not necessarily repairing them.
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  49. If you know absolutely nothing about computers, I suggest taking a few courses at a local community college for basic computer knowledge. They typically go over the very basics of a computer, like how to turn it on, how to navigate the file explorer, where files are stored, etc. Or if you can't go the community college route, look into the CompTIA ITF+ certification. Its a very basic cert primarily aimed at people who aren't quite sure if they want to be in the IT field. Before you start familiarizing yourself with the ethical hacking stuff, you really need a solid foundation of general computer knowledge. You don't need to be an expert right off the bat, but having a solid understanding of how to use a computer is of great benefit.
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  50. I think you misunderstood the point. He's using it in the buzzword sense. Things that say "hack" usually get more attention
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  51. That doesn't make sense what you are asking. You're installing in a virtual machine. This is a virtual computer that runs inside of your physical computer. It has nothing to do with your main computer system (host).
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  52. With the current state, its a limited high level overview. I would use other channels like David Bombal or Jeremeys' IT Lab. They may not be as "fun" or exciting as NWC, but they are complete and much more informative.
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  53. Just keep in mind his video series is not complete. There's still a ton of information he hasn't covered which is important to know if you're going for the CCNA. He's a good presenter, but he still needs a lot of work to get his series finished.
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  54. You'll be fine. If you happen to be testing programs potentially infected with malware or viruses, you'll want to disable all host to guest and guest to host communications.
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  55. I'm running W11 on my Thinkpad and running VBox 6.1 w/o issues. What happens on your system?
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  56.  @J_Klutch  ok there tough guy. lmao.
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  57. The first and last IP addresses of a subnet are the network address and broadcast address respectively. Both are reserved and cannot be used for host devices. In other words, in your example, the first useable IP address is 48.25.24.1
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  58. Not directly. There is no VirtualBox for ChromeOS. You'll need to enable Linux support on your CB and then install the debian version of VBox. Do note that your device will need to be sufficiently powerful for the VMs you plan on running. The cheaper Chromebooks typically have poor hardware so they may not be able to run a system like Windows very well or at all.
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  59. That's an ambiguous question as it depends entirely on the capabilities of your ISP equipment. Yes, no or maybe. You'll have to read the documentation and settings to see what you can/can't do. In general, most ISP stuff is pretty limited.
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  60. Your VM only takes up resources if it is powered on. If it is off, it won't take any CPU/RAM/other resources. The exception being disk space. If you have 50GB used of disk space inside of your VM, the virtual hard disk file will continue to take 50GB of space on your real hardware whether or not you have the VM runnig.
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  61. For me it was crating an OpenVPN server just over 4 years ago. I thought the idea was cool and decided to try it just before my family went on vacation. I found it amazing how I was able to access my home network from over 2000 miles away in Mexico. Of course, some things broke, so when we would stop at a hotel, I would remote into a computer I left online at home via TeamViewer and use that to connect to my OpenVPN server to try to fix it.
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  62. Yes the switch doesn't understand IP addresses. The computer uses a protocol called ARP -Address Resolution Protocol. In short, ARP maps IP addresses to MAC addresses. So when you ping a computer, your PC sends out an ARP packet. It basically asks in the network, what is the MAC address of this IP address? All devices on the network receive this since its a broadcast frame. however, all devices except the intended recipient will discard the broadcast frame since its not meant for them. The intended device will respond back to your PC with its MAC address. At this stage, the PC will remember that MAC and IP address and create an entry in its ARP cache. After that, the PC will send a packet with the destination IP address. Inside of this packet, is a frame which now contains the other PC's MAC address. The switch receives this packet, but it discards the layer 3 header, since again, it doesn't understand IP address. It only cares about the layer 2 header which contains the source and destination MAC addresses. It will then forward the frame to the intended destination.
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  63. It doesn't really matter which you choose. Either way will work fine.
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  64. As far as I'm aware, none of those services are peer to peer. That means that when you use FB Messenger to send a message to your friend who is on the same wifi network as you, the data goes from your phone to Facebook and then from FB to your friend's phone. The devices don't directly communicate with each other on the same network.
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  65. Its technically called an ONT (optical network terminal) instead of a modem. Its job is to convert the light coming from AT&T's network into electrical signals your router can understand and vice versa. I think newer AT&T Fiber installs merge the ONT into the gateway so you only have 1 unit instead of having a dedicated ONT and an ethernet cable running from the ONT to the gateway.
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  66. I may be wrong, but I was under the impression that ifconfig was deprecated or at least removed in some distros. I know I had a hard time trying to set a static IP address on an ubuntu server I was setting up. ifconfig seemed to not be installed anymore and it looked like they were going to something called netbeans or something along those lines. Definitely seemed more complex to use as you had to edit a .yaml file.
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  67. Your Proxmox server is not meant to connect the network over wifi. I believe there are some very technical workarounds if you look at Proxmox's wiki.
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  68. Switches operate at layer 2 of the OSI model. There are layer 3 switches which can operate with IP addresses but they aren't commonly used. At least I'm not aware of them being used that much.
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  69. This is where it gets a bit tricky with firewall rules. You will want to create a rule that will basically allow your main network to talk to your IoT network, but only when you initiate the connection from your main network. I think its best if you go through a few forums that are dedicated to whatever IoT devices you use. That way you can get specific information and/or guidance. This can get finicky and may require some trial and error.
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  70. You have 2 main options: You can download the ISO file (bare metal option) or download the .OVA File (Virtual Machine option). Both options work fine, but the OVA file a is a pre-built virtual machine. You just import into VirtualBox and that's it. No need to go through the install process. If you do want to do the install, you download the ISO file.
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  71. Setup a VPN server. You will need to port forward the necessary ports on your router so that you can talk to the VPN server from outside your network. You can then login through the VPN and get access to the VMs inside the network.
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  72. It depends on what OS you're using, but in general, you open a terminal window/CMD (for Windows) and type in: ping followed by the IP address you want to ping
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  73. If you want to think of it that way, sure.
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  74. Technically, yes. If you're doing things by the book, you still have to observe all licensing agreements/restrictions. If you're doing this at home just for playing around or learning, I wouldn't worry about it.
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  75. Of course.
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  76. You can look into running virtual machines, but performance is usually less than on a real computer since your host computer (Mac Mini) is running 2 operating systems at once.
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  77. Not with this method. I think there are projects aimed at running VMs on iPhones, but the performance usually isn't good. Phones use a very different CPU than a typical desktop PC. The software has to emulate an x86 environment in a different CPU type which causes performance issues. And Apple does not want anyone to use unofficial apps so it isn't easy to make these virtual machine apps. If you're asking if you can run the iPhoneOS on a virtual machine, then again, no. Apple goes to very great lengths to make sure you do not run their software on a non-Apple device.
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  78. You may be able to ask some of the IT people in your company, but whether or not they can give you that info is another question.
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  79. Routers have MAC addresses on their interfaces.
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  80. That's called a VPN, dude. You'll need to setup a VPN server on your home network. you then connect your devices outside of your network through your VPN server. All their traffic will appear to be coming from your home network.
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  81. You all right there?
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  82. Since you downloaded the .OVA file, you just import that into VirtualBox. I believe that you click on the File tab, and then Import Appliance. Choose the OVA file and go through the next steps. Once its imported, it will show up as a VM that you can open. In short, an OVA file is essentially a pre-packaged VM, known as an "appliance". The VM is already built for you, so you just import it and you're pretty much good to go. Otherwise, if you download the ISO file, you would need to add that file to the VM's virtual CD drive, boot from the cd drive and go through the install process.
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  83.  @leonardelliot6390  Don't worry about the questions. That's how we learn. Anyways, you don't import an ISO. You attach it to the virtual machine's CD drive. Select your VM, and choose "settings". In the Settings menu, click on Storage. Find the virtual CD drive (should have a CD icon) and click on it. On the attributes pane, look for another CD Icon (to the right of SATA port 1 or similar) and click on that icon. It will give you several options; choose "Choose a disk file". Then look for the Ubuntu ISO wherever you have it saved and select it. Once you do that, start up your VM and it should boot from the ISO you selected earlier.
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  84. Yes. Its the Virtual Machine option in the downloads page.
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  85.  @iwasgroomed  🤦🤦🤦🤦
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  86. Those are private IP address ranges meaning they can only be used inside of a network. You can have multiple networks with the same IP address since they don't talk to each other. There are public IP addresses which are used on the internet. And no, not all networks start like 192.168.x.x. Look up IP classes A,B, & C.
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  87. Usually we refer to networks as a collection of clients. For instance, your home network is a network. All of the devices in that network can talk to each other. But if you want to connect to another network, like the internet for instance, you need a router and modem between your home network and the internet (technically your internet provider's network). There are DHCP servers whose job is to provide IP address and other network info to devices that connect to a network. So when you connect your phone to your home wifi, the DHCP server in your network (usually the router) will give your phone a private (local) IP address. Without an IP address, devices can't talk to each other. Now, in order to connect to the internet, you need a public facing IP address. The local IP address that your phone gets from the router is not routable and can only be used within that network. Your internet provider also has a DHCP server which assigns your router a public IP address from their pool of public addresses. Its the same overall concept as when your phone gets an IP from your router, but the servers at the ISP level are usually significantly more complex and configured to handle a very large number of requests compared to your typical home router.
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  88. You can store them on a flash drive, but performance may not be great running over USB. No real reason to do so unless you need to make a backup of your VM.
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  89. He doesn't. At least not initially. In order to send a computer an IP packet, your PC (source) needs to know both the MAC and IP addresses. But if it doesn't know the MAC address, what will happen is that the PC sends a broadcast frame. This is a frame that is sent to all connected devices (hence the term broadcast) on that switch. It basically asks "What is the MAC address of the device with x IP address?" All devices on that switch receive this broadcast, but they all ignore it except the intended recipient. It responds back to Mark's PC with its MAC address. Then, Mark remembers this MAC address in his ARP cache. From that point, Mark's PC can send Lisa's PCs data since it now has both IP and MAC addresses.
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  90. I don't know if you can (or should) install VBox to an external drive. You can run virtual machines from a flash drive, but performance may not be great over USB.
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  91. All of your family who uses the Plex server outside of your network would need to connect to the VPN server in order to connect to that Plex server. There may be some speed loss. How much depends on how far they are from your network and any intermediary routers.
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  92.  @lionintu  Is your Plex server hosted at your house? If so, you don't need a VPN service like Nord. That actually will not help you in anyway for this use case. You can setup a VPN server at home and then allow your family members to connect to your home network via VPN. However, they will have to configure the VPN connection on every device they want VPN access. There are free VPN servers like OpenVPN (it limits you to 2 concurrent connections for the free edition, though) that you can setup and host at home. However, as with anything, there is a security risk of allowing outside connections. So you have to be on top of any security updates and patches to mitigate potential security intrusions.
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  93. That's one use case. Those are unlikely to infect your computer since they are meant for Android devices (APK at least) so they cannot affect your Windows PC as Android and Windows are very very different systems. If it makes you feel better, do your testing on the VM.
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  94. Not sure where you heard that Linux doesn't "co-operate in a vm" that makes no sense. As long as you give your VM enough resources (RAM, CPU cores, and disk space), you are fine.
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  95. Apple doesn't give you a UEFI to play around with. They dond't want you to make any changes to your computer. What Mac do you have? if its an M1/M2/M3, this won't work as there's no official support for Apple silicon. If its an Intel Mac, just install VBox as normal.
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  96. Most routers have more than 1 interface. Each interface has its own MAC address. Typically, you have a "LAN" interface. This interface is what is connected to the switch. The "WAN" interface is what connects to the modem. So when you send a packet from your PC to a website, the packet goes from your PC, to the switch and into the router's LAN port. The router then changes the destination MAC address from its LAN interface to its WAN interface. That's why you see that in the video.
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  97.  @Shanthikumar577  You don't have to install Ubuntu. You can install pretty much any OS you want. Ubuntu is just a relatively easy Linux distro to use.
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  98. You can get some general knowledge, but that exam is obsolete.
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  99. Import it into Vbox. An oVA file is a pre-built virtual machine. Just import it and that's it. No need to go through the install process.
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  100. For your first question, yes that's the basic answer. In practice, its impractical to host your own datacenter at home unless you have a lot of money, time, and expertise. It can be as simple as plug and play, but there's a fair amount of knowledge you need to safely and effectively share files. What is your backup strategy? Say one of your millions of hard drives fails, what next? How did you setup your hard drive architecture? RAID? What RAID configuration ?What file system is there? How are you dealing with user permissions and network shares? There's a lot that goes into planing file sharing.
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  101. The problem is that it varies greatly depending on the router you have. Typical home routers are somewhat limited when it comes to advanced networking features. They may have some of the features, but their implementation may be limited or not very good. See if you can install a 3rd party firmware like DD-WRT or Tomato or similar. That will let you have much more functionality compared to the stock firmware. These projects have many different brands and models they support, so chances are somewhat decent that your router will work. However, doing this does come with an inherent risk of damaging the router if the flashing goes wrong. Its impossible to give an exact guide that works for every single router in the world, because as I said, different manufacturers do things differently. Some routers may not support most of these features.
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  102. You use a different subnet that has more IPs available.
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  103. To my knowledge, you can't get rid of the gateway. AT&T uses a proprietary authentication method which requires you to use the gateway they provide to you. You can put the gateway in IP Passthrough mode and use your own router if you want. When I had U-Verse years ago, that's what I did. They have a support page somewhere that shows you how to enable IP Passthrough, but they don't offer anymore support or guidance other than what's in the guide.
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  104. Not directly. You still need a cable modem. You would plug an ethernet cable from the modem into the WAN port of the router. In the configuration, you can assign which port is WAN and which is LAN. I have Comcast at home and that's how I have my setup.
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  105.  @lisagreen3872  You need an ISO file for whatever system you want to install. Once you download it, you add that ISO into the VM's virtual CD drive in the VM's settings.
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  106. That's because an OVA file is not a disk image. Its a pre-built virtual machine. You can import it into VirtualBox and that's it; no need to go through the install process. If you want to download the ISO file and go through the install process, you choose the bare metal option.
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  107. There are two kinds of IP addresses: Public and private. What you're talking about would just change your private IP address. Your home network has an IP address range so if you renew your DHCP lease, your computer basically asks for another IP address from your router. Usually, you get the same one. On the other hand, your internet provider assigns your router a public IP address. There is no exact way of changing your public IP as it varies between providers. You can usually do a DHCP renew through your router and you may get a new public IP, but you most likely will get the same one.
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  108. Of course. The internet hasn't changed much in 2 years.
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  109.  @garyhallk494  The irony.
    2
  110. And you're following exactly the steps he's showing? Its hard to troubleshoot these issues without any details.
    2
  111. Larger subnet.
    2
  112. No. VirtualBox is not compatible with M1/M2 Apple chips. There's no current version that support its. I know there's Parallels for Mac that lets you run other operating systems that works on M1/M2, but its not free. And I'm not sure why you would want to disable virtualization. If you want to run VMs, you have to have it enabled. Anyways, Apple doesn't give you any UEFI menu. So even if you had a supported Mac, there's no settings to change.
    2
  113. You can still communicate with other devices on the network via IP addresses. The network switch doesn't understand IP addresses, but it will still forward the frame to the intended destination. This works because the computers and devices all work through the OSI model. Now, without a router, you obviously won't be able to talk to other networks.
    2
  114. You can try it, but I don't think it will work.
    2
  115. VirtualBox is a type 2 hypervisor. That means that it needs an operating system like Windows to be installed so that VirtualBox can work. A type 1 hypverisor is essentially the OS. This would be things like Hyper-V, VMware ESXi, Proxmox, etc.
    2
  116. You would need to use a VPN service on your VM if you want it to have a different IP address. If you turn off your host PC, then everything on it will be turned off, including virtual machines.
    2
  117. I'm not being rude, but is kinda hard to make a video on a very specific provider that doesn't exist in all areas.
    2
  118. He already has one. Its on his channel
    2
  119. That's a private IP address. Completely useless outside of his network.
    2
  120. It doesn't work that way. Your VM has a different private IP compared to the other computers on your network, but it will have the same public IP address since the network traffic to and from the internet still goes through your router.
    2
  121. I strongly suggest watching other videos. NWC is a good presenter but he doesn't go in-depth. You won't learn how to setup a Cisco router or switch just with these videos. Jeremey's IT Lab has a really good CCNA course. He may not be as enthusiastic as NWC, but his course is actually complete.
    2
  122. Anything you connect to your network has the potential for being hacked. This is one of the reasons some people like to create separate networks for IOT style devices or otherwise devices which are suspicious. You can create a subnet and firewall rules that prevent the IOT network from communicating with your main network. There are firewalls that can attempt to identity suspicious network activity occurring inside the network, but those are more advanced to setup and in large networks.
    2
  123. Its generally not preferred to run Kali Linux on your main machine. Its a specialized tool so its best to either run it in a virtual machine or dedicate a computer just for it. You can do it if you really want to, but I wouldn't use it as a main system.
    2
  124. You'll want to use other resources as well. This video series is very far from being complete. There is still a lot of information he hasn't covered.
    2
  125. No.
    2
  126. Windows is a large system. You can try running disk clean up in the virtual Windows system to try to reclaim space. Ideally , you want to give your VM more space; I'd say at least 120 GB.
    2
  127. No... this has nothing to do with command prompt.
    2
  128. CPU and RAM usage only applies when you have the virtual machine running. The storage space, though, is still used up whether or not the virtual system is running.
    2
  129. You can kind of think of the type-1 hypervisor as the operating system. If you install ESXi on a computer, ESXi is essentially the OS. You can then create virtual machines from the hypervisor (usually through a web interface).
    2
  130. I wouldn't worry about the HTTPS warning. In short, you're getting that error message because the certificate that Proxmox has isn't listed in your computer's security settings. So your browser throws up that error as a precaution. Since its your own computers, you don't have to worry about it. If you're a complete noob, its going to be difficult explaining how SSL certificates work and how you can obtain a valid one from a service like Let's Encrypt....
    2
  131. The exam costs $300... not cheap. I would suggest using other sources to study. Network Chuck is a good presenter, but this video series is extremely incomplete. I suggest watching Jeremy's IT Lab. He's not as entertaining as NWC, but his training series is actually complete.
    2
  132. You just delete the virtual machine. Right click on the VM entry, and choose "Remove"
    2
  133. You have to install the virtual box guest additions. This will install the video drive which in turn will let you adjust the resolution and get a full screen. Since you're doing this on Linux, you can usually run a system update on the VM; that should download the drivers.
    2
  134.  @jenlea989  Open a terminal window and type in: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade This will check for any package updates (apt-get update) and then will download install the latest versions of any packages available (apt-get upgrade). Just be advised it may take a while, 10+ minutes and the vm may appear to freeze at times.
    2
  135. It may be that your router or ISP is blocking ping requests on your public IP address.
    2
  136. Yeah good luck dude. You're not going to "hack" gmail anytime soon. If you can't get to your Google account, you're out of luck.
    2
  137. By default, no. There is no ChromeOS version of VBox that I'm aware of. You will need to enable Linux desktop support to try to get this to work. And even then, it probably won't work too well. Chromebooks usually don't have very good hardware so running a VM will probably be a painfully slow experience.
    2
  138. You may need to install the virtualbox guest additions. This contains the drivers which allow for proper resolution and scaling. The exact steps depend on the Linux distro you have installed.
    2
  139. I'm no expert, but if your old PC is too old, it likely would make no sense trying to do cryptomining especially in a virtual environment.
    2
  140. The only thing that is not freed up is storage. If your vm takes up 50 GB of space, it will continue to take up that much space regardless of it being powered on or not.
    2
  141. There will be some performance loss in running VMs. You probably won't notice much loss for web browsing and watching youtube videos.
    2
  142. If the VM is turned off, it won't be using any RAM or CPU.
    2
  143. You can but performance may not be that good depending on the VM and USB version you're using.
    2
  144.  @HackerDoge  Windows 10 is the operating system, not the edition. There is Windows 10 Home, Pro, Education, Enterprise, etc.
    2
  145. IT is a very vast field. For typical IT, you don't need to know any programming. Scripting is useful for admin-level jobs like to automate things (account creation, etc) but you don't need to understand programming to be a systems admin. If you want to go into computer programming, then yes but that is a different realm of IT.
    2
  146.  @hntrains2  Yep. Exactly why I bought my own modem for about $80. I re-used my router that I bought about 2 years prior to that which cost me about $110.
    2
  147. Of course dude. You can install practically any OS in a virtual machine.
    2
  148. And your questions is???
    2
  149.  @thoughtsbright7928  As long as it isn't overheating, it will be fine.
    2
  150. Subnetting is used to break a network into small networks (subnets). You need to understand the math behind this (decimal to binary) to understand how subnets work as well as IPv4 addresses in general. Each network has 2 main important parts: Network address (1st IP address in the subnet) and the broadcast address (last IP address in the subnet). There are several methods used to figure this information out.
    2
  151. Try using a USB keyboard
    2
  152. Seems like you need to take many steps back and start from the beginning. If you try to jump straight into "hacking" you're going to be extremely lost if you don't have a general idea of computers and computer security. Hacking is one of those things that you really need to understand your stuff in order to be good at it. Its not just download a program and click buttons and "hack". That's what a script kiddie does. So if you don't understand the terminology, you'll need to start simple. You have access too Google, so surely you can lookup stuff you don't understand. Not trying to be rude, but its the reality.
    2
  153. Yes and no. The VM will have a different private IP address since it is running on a virtual network. It will still have the same public IP address since all internet traffic to and from the VM goes through your router.
    2
  154. You're better of checking Jeremy's IT Lab. Chuck probably won't finish this series. Its been 4 years and he hasn't really gone into CCNA-specific content.
    2
  155. If its a somewhat recent Intel iMac, sure. Its the same process. If its an Apple Silicon Mac (M1/M2, etc) then no since there's no official support yet.
    2
  156. CCNA is better. The CompTIA N+ is a vendor-neutral certification. Its decent if you just want network knowledge, but the CCNA is regarded higher.
    2
  157. Of course.
    2
  158. That's normal. Different router manufacturers may use different IP address schemes. Some routers use the 10.0.x.x network space.
    2
  159. Well no, but its preferred to use an ethernet cable where it makes most sense.
    2
  160. You could, but it requires extra configuration. I don't know if you can do it with VirtualBox though. A more advanced version of this is ESXi or a type-1 hypervisor where you have a dedicated server for virtual machines. You can then create a VPN server that allows you to connect to your home network from a different network and get access to your VMs. Its more complex to setup, though.
    2
  161. You are correct and incorrect. The router is still a host device on the network and needs its own IP address. So yes 254 address are available in this example and one of them is given to to the router. But you can technically setup a network without a router.
    2
  162. If it's windows 8 or newer, I'd go with at least 4GB of RAM.
    2
  163. Its just for demonstration. You install whatever operating system you want.
    2
  164. An OVA file is a pre-built virtual machine. You just import it into VBox and it is ready to go; no need to go through the install process. If you do want to go through the install process, download the ISO from the bare metal option.
    2
  165. You import the OVA file in VirtualBox. There should be an import appliance section in the file tab. An OVA is a prepackaged VM. Instead of going through the install process, you import the VM and it is pretty much ready for use.
    2
  166. Do you have any IT knowledge? If not, I would start with the IT Fundamentals (ITF+) certification. Its an entry-level cert for people who are new to IT and/or not sure if IT is the right field for them. From there, you can move up to the A+ then Net+ (or Cisco CNA if you're into networking). If you already have a fair amount of hands-on computer knowledge, you can likely skip the ITF+ and go straight for the A+.
    2
  167. Did you attach the kali install ISO to the virtual machine?
    2
  168. It is like a real computer. If the guest system, no CPU/RAM is used. If the gust is powered on, it will be using CPU/RAM. The guest will still take up disk space whether or not it is powered on.
    2
  169. Its an environment where you can practice and setup IT environments to learn. You can setup a virtual lab where you have a computer that acts as a server running different virtual machines for instance.
    2
  170. CLI stands for command line interface. Its a way to type in commands to a computer or other device. On Windows PCs, you can open Command Prompt. Linux/macOS systems use Terminal. Cisco routers and switches are primarily configured through a CLI where you have to enter commands and parameters.
    2
  171. Try using USB passthrough. Sometimes this is finicky though.
    2
  172.  @theo2395  I'm not sure. There is a Windows version of PhotoRec, but like I said, I haven't tried it. I would assume it can read Apple formatted hard drives from within the Windows version, but don't know for sure. I don't think it will harm anything to try it.
    2
  173. Its just a demo to show you that you can download and install other operating systems, not just Kali.
    2
  174. I suggest using other CCNA training videos. Network Chuck's videos are good, but he still has a ton of stuff he hasn't gone over. A lot of it is important to know for the CCNA, like how to actually setup a Cisco router or switch. Those are just one of many things he has not gone over. I suggest watching Jeremy's IT Lab. He may not be as exciting or energetic as NWC, but his CCNA series is actually complete.
    2
  175. That depends on what guest OS you want to run. 4GB of RAM isn't a whole lot so you may not have good performance, especially if you try to run a resource-heavy system like W10.
    2
  176. Nothing happens.
    2
  177. Yes. That's actually a common thing to do in the IT/home lab world. You would need to setup what's known as a type 1 Hypervisor like: ESXi, Hyper-V, Proxmox, Xen or similar. In short, a type 1 hypervisor dedicates a server as a virtualization server. You use another computer to manage your server such as creating VMs, networking them and so forth. I think what you're specifically asking for is a virtual desktop infrastructure environment. That's more complex to setup though.
    2
  178. Yes. RAM/CPU is only used when you have the virtual machine running. Storage will still be taken up whether or not the guest system is running.
    2
  179. Routers have sophisticated routing protocols that allow it to find the next best hop to the destination.
    2
  180. You choose the bare metal option.
    2
  181. Yes and no. It has the general basics, but there's still a lot of information missing. Its not a complete CCNA training series.
    2
  182. It just depends on your use case. For instance, if you need to run a Windows-only program that doesn't run even under WINE, you can create a Windows VM and run that program. You can use a vm to test out other operating systems.
    2
  183. The best improvement you can make is to buy a wifi access point and install it in an area where you don't have good wifi coverage. You will need to run an ethernet cable from your router to that area and connect the AP. If you want to tinker around with stuff, you can setup a DHCP and DNS server and take that off of your router, but you will need to have a decent understanding of those network concepts to set this up correctly. For most home use cases, there's no real reason to do this, that is unless you plan on tinkering and learning about networking.
    2
  184. As long as you have a decent access point, there shouldn't be any notable performance loss over wifi.
    2
  185. Dude, you may want to watch the videos. He goes over that information.
    2
  186. I'm not sure what you're confused about... Cell phone networks also use routers and switches, but they work a bit differently than your typical home network. Mobile data works because there are cell towers that your phone connects to.
    2
  187. Well you would forward the necessary ports for Xbox Live and/or the game. That's the inherent risk of opening ports. It doesn't mean you're magically going to get hacked as soon as you open ports, but it is a risk.
    2
  188. Yes you can.
    2
  189. I highly doubt it. Its a decent course, but it doesn't go very in-depth. Its more of a high-level overview course to somewhat familiarize yourself with networking concepts. There are still a lot of topics he hasn't covered.
    2
  190. Of course. By default, Virtualbox will share your host's network connection to your VMs with something called NAT.
    2
  191. You'll need to buy a wifi access point that supports Wi-Fi 7.
    2
  192. Try giving your virtual hard disk more capacity.
    2
  193. Not sure if this helps, but try increasing the size of the virtual hard disk to at least 30 GB.
    2
  194. Nope. This is still a very incomplete video series. Too much stuff is missing that is important to know for the CCNA. I suggest watching Jeremey's IT Lab. He may not be as enthusiastic as NWC, but his training series is complete.
    2
  195. Open VirtualBox, right click on a vm, choose remove>Delete all files. This will delete the VM along with its associated files. Repeat for each VM you have that you want to delete. Once you do that, uninstall VBox through Control Panel Add/Remove programs.
    2
  196.  @N111-y8j  Apple doesn't let you do that. There was a version of aircrack-ng available for jailbroken devices, but I don't know if that even works anymore. These types of tools are usually not available on iOS devices. Apple has a lot of restrictions.
    2
  197. The switch only "acts" as a hub when a broadcast frame is received. By definition, a broadcast frame is sent to all devices on the switch.
    2
  198. No. It is only used if you have the vm powered on.
    2
  199.  @cf6634  Routers have multiple interfaces. Typically, you have a LAN interface that sends/receives traffic to/from the network and you have a WAN interface which sends/receives traffic to/from the internet. Each interface has a MAC addresses. When the packet is to be sent through the WAN interface, the router adds the MAC address of its WAN interface in the Layer 2 frame because that is the source interface.
    2
  200. What are you talking about dude? What do you mean by 'bots'?
    2
  201. What file did you download? If you chose the Virtual Machine option in the Kali download page, it will download an OVA file. That is a pre-built machine. Just import it into Vbox and that's it. No need to go through the install process. If you want to do that, download the bare metal option which is an ISO file.
    2
  202.  @onisoya  That's a 7Zip file. You'll need to use a program like 7Zip to decompress and extract the files. I just downloaded it and it looks like they changed a few things. Instead of being an OVA file, there are 2 files: a .vbox and a .vhd file. The .vbox file is the configuration settings for the machine and the .vhd is the virtual hard disk file. After you extract them, open the .vbox file and it should open VirtualBox and add the VM to the list of machines.
    2
  203. Your PC may slow down only if the VM is running. This of course depends on your host hardware as well as the virtual hardware you configure your vm with.
    2
  204. Did you download the ISO file for whatever system you want to install and did you add that ISO file to the VM's DVD drive?
    2
  205. A VM doesn't "hide" you from your ISP because the network traffic still goes through your router and in turn, your ISP. You can attempt to hide it using a VPN or another internet connection.
    2
  206. There are no official Mac ISOs. Apple doesn't distribute them in ISO format. They actually don't officially distribute macOS on their website. The only official way is to download macOS on an Apple computer. If you know how and where to look, you can find unofficial ways of installing macOS on a non-Apple computer.
    2
  207. If you downloaded from the official Kali Linux page, its safe. You have to keep in mind that it is a security-oriented distro. It has a bunch of built-in tools for hacking and computer security than an antivirus system may flag as malicious.
    2
  208. As far as I'm aware, there is no CompTIA certificate for programming. What exactly are you looking for?
    2
  209.  @PizzaWithPowers  Programming and IT are very different career fields. The A+/Security+ likely won't help you in your programming journey. They both deal with computers, but in different ways that don't really have anything to do with each other.
    2
  210. You want to setup a VPN server so that you can remote into your network and have access to your server.
    2
  211. What do you mean?
    2
  212. Why reinvent the wheel?
    2
  213. An OVA file a is a prebuilt virtual machine. You just import it into VBox and its good to go; no installation required. The ISO file is meant to be burnt to a disc or flash drive and installed on a real computer. You can also use the ISO file in VBox and install the system like in the video. Either way is fine.
    2
  214. With the current state of his videos, no. His 'series' is very far from complete. There is still a ton of stuff he hasn't covered. You're better of watching David Bombal or Jeremey's IT Lab. They may not be as fun an engaging as NWC, but they are much more informative and most importantly, complete.
    2
  215. You'll need to provide your on wifi access point as computers don't usually have wifi built in. There's no specific limit to the number of users you can have. 40 clients will be ok.
    2
  216. Just depends on how your router's DHCP server is configured. Its not really that big of a deal. You can likely change it if you want in the router settings.
    2
  217. I don't know if the Cisco-specific knowledge will be helpful, but having a good understanding of networking concepts can be very important in the grand-scheme of things relating to cyber security.
    2
  218. A virtual machine is a virtual computer with virtual hardware. When you're working inside of a vm and you go to format the hard drive, the virtual hard disk gets formatted, not the physical drive in the computer. You can use VMs to play around with potentially infected files. However, you should take proper precautions to isolate your host and guest systems as much as possible. There are some rare viruses that have been known to break out of a virtual machine. Also, some viruses and malware can detect if they're running in a virtual environment and refuse to operate which can potentially give you a false negative.
    2
  219. You just create more virtual machines. Do keep in mind that each VM needs resources, so you will need to allocate the amount of RAM and CPU cores you have accordingly.
    2
  220. That's a bizarre take, but whatever floats your boat.
    2
  221. Depends on your provider. Most residential ISPs give you a dynamic IP address meaning it can change. However, how often it changes (or if at all) depends on your provider. Some may change it frequently. Others may lock your public IP with your router/modem. So if that never changes, your public IP may never change. Others may change it if you power cycle your router. Just depends on your ISP. Some providers offer static IP addresses which don't change, but that's not common in home networks. That's usually only offered to business accounts.
    2
  222. Yes, you need to use a 2nd device. Once you install Proxmox, you don't directly interact with that computer. You use another computer to manage your VM server through its web interface.
    2
  223.  @divinejakiro3656  yes there can be some problems when trying to use shortcuts like Ctrl alt delete. However, there should be a way to send that VM whatever keystroke you want without it affecting your main PC.
    2
  224. He doesn't explain it well. Routers usually have multiple physical interfaces. Each interface has its own MAC address. So when Johnny's laptop sends the data to the router, it arrives at the router's LAN interface. Internally, the router forwards this packet to the WAN interface (that connects to the ISP modem) and this interface has its own MAC address.
    2
  225. Yes. Those routers shown are very different than your typical home router. Cisco routers and the like work similar to home routers, but they are more advanced and complex and are usually just built for routing. The reason you don't see these in homes, other than the insane cost is that they are too complex to setup for the average home internet user. Home routers are usually configured through a web interface, and more recently, an app from the manufacturer. Cisco routers don't have this so instead they are configured through commands. You have type in commands in order to setup and configure your router. ISPs have different equipment based their needs/services, but yes they have routers similar to these and even much more advanced and complex systems installed on their data centers and offices. To clarify a bit, if you are setting up a Cisco router, it is known as a CPE (Customer Premises equipment) meaning it is physically located at your business/office, usually in a data room where the connection from your provider comes in.
    2
  226. I don't know if this can be done from the hard drive with VirtualBox. An alternative is to create a VHD file from the hard drive and then attach that to your VM. Do keep in mind that the VHD file will take up as much space as is currently used by that hard drive. So if you have a 1 TB HDD with 500 GB used, the VHD file will be a 500 GB file. There are plenty of tools out there that can create VHDs like Disk2VHD from SysInternals or StarWind V2V converter.
    2
  227. Android is not designed to run on x86 CPUs (AMD or Intel). There is a project Android x86 that is a version of Android that should run on a VM. iOS cannot be emulated on VirtualBox. Apple does not allow you to do this on a non-Apple computer.
    2
  228. Sorry dude, but regardless of what happened, its illegal to hack. You're not going to get any help in regards to that except for the scam troll bot accounts advertising their scam troll bot services.
    2
  229. VirtualBox is free and open source software. Its not malicious.
    2
  230. Try increasing the amount of space for the virtual hard disk. I'd go for at least 50 GB.
    2
  231. There are Android versions for Intel/AMD CPUs, but they're not officially from Google. There's a project whose name I forget that lets you do this. iOS cannot be installed on any non-iDevice. Apple has never made a version of iOS for Intel/AMD CPUs so it would be impossible for that to run through VirtualBox.
    2
  232. He goes over it in the next video. In short, there's something called an ARP Broadcast that is sent out. ARP - Address Resolution protocol maps MAC addresses to IP addresses. Mark needs both the MAC and IP address of Lisa's computer to send a message. Since it only has the IP address, Mark's PC sends a broadcast frame. This broadcast basically asks, "What is the MAC address of x IP address?" The broadcast frame arrives at the switch. The switch sees that it is a broadcast and as the name implies, it broadcasts it to all the devices connected to that switch. All devices will ignore the broadcast frame except for Lisa's computer. Lisa will respond to Mark with her MAC address. Once Mark's computer receives it, it will store it in its ARP table. Then, Mark's PC can ping Lisa's computer.
    2
  233. What exactly do you mean by that? Did you create a Windows Active Directory domain environment? Need more details.
    2
  234. Its the "N" key. Its to add a comment, so you have to manually type it out.
    2
  235. VirtualBox doesn't run on Android. Its not exactly feasible mainly because most Android devices use ARM CPUs which are very different compared to traditional computer CPUs (Intel/AMD CPUs). The VM will take up as much space as required. So for example, if you install Windows 10, which takes up around 25 GB by itself, then your VM will take up 25GB of physical disk space. This will of course increase as you install programs and add files to your VM.
    2
  236. A hard drive is not a computer so by itself, it cannot run a virtual machine. You can, however, use the hard drive to store your VM, but you still need a physical computer to run it.
    2
  237. Nope. He still is missing a lot of information for the CCNA exam.
    2
  238. Do you have any computer knowledge? Are you familiar with using a computer and knowing your way around Windows? Do you know how to install Windows on a new PC and how to install drivers and general troubleshooting? If so, you can probably skip the A+ and go straight to Cisco. However, if you're not very familiar with PCs, I would start with the A+. Its not absolutely essential, but having a decent understanding of how computers and operating systems work does greatly help in understanding networks.
    2
  239. You'll need to read the documentation for your router. Most typical home routers don't give you that much control so your options may be limited.
    2
  240. The actual answer is 254. However, your router needs an IP address so 1 of them has to be reserved for it.
    2
  241. Of course. You just need to be aware that if you install Linux on your main PC, there's a probability of deleting your files if you don't understand what you're doing.
    2
  242.  @jakepayne2985  If you want to install Ubuntu, you download the ISO from Ubuntu's page. In the section where you add an ISO, you add the Ubuntu ISO. As I said, the edition section only applies to Windows. You can attach an ISO to an existing VM. Right click on it, choose its properties and navigate to storage. The exact wording may be a bit different though.
    2
  243. The computer's network configuration includes the DNS server IP address. When you connect your PC to your home network, it gets a DHCP address. Part of the process is that the DHCP server gives your PC an IP address, subnet mask, and the IP address of the DNS server. That's how it knows where the DNS server is.
    2
  244. Have you checked your local school districts? That can help get you started in the IT field.
    2
  245. Nope. What you're referring to is a broadcast frame. This only happens when a device on the network wants to know the IP address of another device. So let's say you have a network of 5 PCs (PC's 1 -5) and 2 phones. If PC 5 wants to know the IP address of cell phone 1, it (PC-5) will send a broadcast message asking what the IP address of the phone is. The switch will see this broadcast frame and send it to all other devices connected to it. however, all devices except for cell phone 1 will ignore the broadcast frame. Cell phone 1 will respond to PC-5 with its (cell phone 1) IP address. When you get a WhatsApp message, it arrives at the router. The router then figures out what device it is intended for and only sends it to that device.
    2
  246. You will need to create a different subnet for your 2nd router. This involves changing the subnet mask. I suggest watching some videos on subnet makes and how to perform subnetting to get a better idea.
    2
  247. If the VM is powered off, it will not take up any CPU/RAM. It will still take up disk space.
    2
  248.  @vatsalyasharan4202  No harm. There's an option in the settings somewhere that will let you change the default save location for virtual machines.
    2
  249. A patch panel isn't a networking device per se. Its just an intermediary connection between a data jack and the network switch.
    2
  250. If you don't know what you're doing, you can cause some issues if you're messing around in the BIOS. Its not likely to cause harm though. In most instances, you can reset the BIOS values to default. Every BIOS has different interfaces and options so you'll need to look around for those settings on your laptop. Nothing will happen to the data on the laptop. With a virtual machine, you have to understand that it is essentially a computer running inside of a computer. Whatever you do in a virtual system doesn't affect your host system. That is unless you plan on playing with viruses and malware. There are some viruses that can break out of a vm, but they're quite rare.
    2
  251. I don't believe there is a way to do that at the moment.
    2
  252.  @git-er-dun_LBK_  In theory yes it should work. The main issue I foresee is the network adapter. You usually need 2 adapters - One for the WAN (that connects to the modem) and the other for the LAN (connects your home network to your router). Laptops almost always only have 1 Ethernet port. You may be able to use a USB ethernet adapter, but I don't know if those are supported.
    2
  253. Find a decent CCNA course. This isn't necessarily a bad course, but there's still a lot of information that he hasn't gone over which is crucial for the exam. I suggest watching Jeremey's IT Lab. He's not as enthusiastic as NWC, but he has a complete series that is pretty good. Its also a good idea to be familiarized with using computer systems like Windows and Linux at an intermediate level.
    2
  254. You should also be fairly familiar with using computer systems at a moderate level at least.
    2
  255. It won't harm anything, but virtual machines, at least Virtualbox, aren't mean for this use case at all. You can try it, but it most likely won't work that well.
    2
  256. What's your host CPU and RAM? What guest system did you install? How much RAM and CPU cores did you give your guest system?
    2
  257. I think he added a label. I believe that the shortcut is either the k or m key, but don't remember.
    2
  258. Yes. Linux systems are very different to Windows systems.
    2
  259. You could create a separate network for every device, but that's not ideal and will take a lot of time to setup. Generally, you create 2 networks: one for your trusted devices and another for your less trustworthy devices (like IOT devices, guest devices,etc). You can usually create firewall rules to prevent your two networks from talking to each other. You can get very granular with these types of setups, but it can get complex very quickly.
    2
  260. Its not the router that hands out IP addresses; Its the DHCP server. In most small home networks, the DHCP server is built-into the router. However, in larger and more complex network, you typically have a few stand-alone DHCP servers. If there's no DHCP server, then your computer won't be able to get a DHCP address. Windows devices use something called APIPA which automatically gives itself an IP address.
    2
  261. VirtualBox is cross platform so it will work on Windows, Mac, Linux, Unix, etc.
    2
  262. You'll want to isolate your host and guest VMs as much as possible.
    2
  263. Any details? Kinda hard to help without info....
    2
  264. You can import that OVA file in the File tab (import appliance is what I believe its called). An OVA is a pre-packaged vm that is prebuilt for you. You just import it and you're good to go. If you want the ISO file, you would choose the bare metal option in the website. With this, you'll need to go through the entire install process.
    2
  265. If you are trying to get a Cisco cert, you want to use other resources as well. His videos are generally pretty good at giving you a high level overview of different topics. Its great as an introductory course, but he doesn't go very in-depth. He is a good presenter, but just doesn't go as in-depth as he should if he want to call this a CCNA course. There are still a lot of topics he hasn't covered. He hasn't gone over how to actually configure a Cisco router or switch; he hasn't gone over the commands, and many other important topics.
    2
  266. If its an M1 Mac, it won't work. There's no support for M1 CPUs on VirtualBox. I think you can use Parallels for M1 Macs, but I'm not too sure.
    2
  267. You can unofficially. Apple doesn't make it particularly easy though. Also, you'd be in violation of their terms and service since it states that you agree to only use macOS on an Apple computer. There are plenty of videos on YT that show you how to do this, but your experience may vary.
    2
  268. CPU and RAM, yes. Storage no.
    2
  269. Bare metal option. The OVA file is a pre-built VM. You just import that into VBox and it will be ready for use.
    2
  270. No. The dots are just for us humans to easily identify the different octets.
    2
  271. What's the exact model number? Based on what I'm seeing, that line of laptops seems to be pretty old and very low-end.
    2
  272.  @LynPaine  No. Ubuntu and Kali Linux are 2 different operating systems. Kali linux is a security-oriented Linux distro with many security type tools. Ubuntu is more of a general use operating system. If you want Kali, you'll need to download it.
    2
  273. A Type 1 hypervisor is pretty much the OS. You install the hypervisor (Hyper-V, ESXi, Proxmox) on your server and that's it. You don't directly interact with it anymore. You connect your hypervisor to your network and use another PC to remotely manage it like to create VMs, power on/off/reboot, clone, etc.
    2
  274. Do you have any computer knowledge? Have you ever built a PC or installed Windows on a new system? If not, I would look for the IT Fundamentals certification. Its a cert for people brand new to the IT field and/or not sure if the IT field is the right choice for them. From there, you can progress onto the A+ and maybe Network+ depending on what you want to do in IT. A big thing in IT is the ability to be self-led. That means you ideally have the motivation to learn things on your own and to look up things you don't understand. There are countless resources online and in book format; you just have to find what works for you and stick with it.
    2
  275. Its called a broadcast frame. When your PC wants to talk to another PC in your network, it needs the recipient PC's IP and MAC address. Your PC already has the IP address, but now it needs the MAC. Your PC will send a broadcast frame. The switch receives this frame and then sends it to all devices connected to it. All devices except for the intended recipient will ignore it. The recipient PC will respond to your PC with its MAC address.
    2
  276. The program itself won't "heat up" your PC. Depending on what you're doing inside of the VM, it may cause the CPU to work harder and increase temperature some, but its unlikely to have an effect.
    2
  277. There's something called Logical ANDing. This allows the network device to figure out if the IP address in question belongs to that subnet. I don't know how much you know, but it greatly helps to understand the math behind IP addresses, which is binary. If you know how to convert from decimal to binary, it will help you understand IPv4 addresses as well as how ANDing works.
    2
  278. Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Zorin OS, and PopOS are generally pretty good beginner distros.
    2
  279. No that can't be done. The iMac G4 uses a fundamentally different CPU (PowerPC) which is incompatible with any program not designed for that CPU. In addition, that's a nearly 2 decade old computer so its hardware is beyond obsolete and slow. I used to have a similar iMac years ago and was able to install Windows XP as a virtual Machine using a version of Microsoft Virtual PC that was designed for PPC CPUs, but it was horrifically slow. It took over 3-4 hours to install XP and once it was installed, it was just overall sluggish.
    2
  280. Not currently. There is no public release of VirtualBox that supports M1/M2 chips yet. I believe they're working on it, but I don't know much more than that. The only other alternative I can think of would be to use Parallels for Mac. Its not free, but it supports that CPU. I've never tried it so I don't know how the performance is like.
    2
  281. Try giving the virtual machine more storage space, say 150 GB or more.
    2
  282. You probably jumped too far first. CCNA is not exactly an entry-level cert as you likely have found out. I strongly suggest taking a few steps back and go through the basics of PCs and networking.
    2
  283. It looks like an 11 year old CPU. You can try it out, but performance may not be that great unless you try to run light weight systems like some Linux distros.
    2
  284. That's a problem with the website. Nothing you can do to fix it. I'm sure it's fixed by now.
    2
  285. Not sure what you're trying to ask.
    2
  286. The Cisco Netacad webpage has a decent training course on how to use PT. CertBros and Jeremey's IT Lab on YouTube also have good training videos. Just note that Jeremy's IT Lab's videos are older so the interface may be a bit difference but the core ideas should still be the same.
    2
  287. You won't have enough IP addresses so any devices past 253 won't get an IP address. You'll need to use a larger IP space.
    2
  288.  @Insight-v3f  You're better off watching Jeremy's IT Lab. He has a complete CCNA course. Chuck is a good presenter and very enthusiastic, but his content is only superficial. I'm not saying its bad, but for the CCNA, it has to be Cisco-specific. So far, he hasn't even gone over much Cisco-specific material. You can learn the core basics of networking which is important to know for Cisco, but you'll need a lot more material to pass the exam.
    2
  289. Will you be recording instruments? If so, it likely won't be ideal to setup your DAW in a virtual environment. There's some inherent lag which can make real-time recording of instruments difficult. I don't have really any direct experience with this, but its just something I've read on a few forums.
    2
  290. If you want the ISO, you choose the bare metal section. If you want the pre-built VM, you choose the OVA file and import that into VirtualBox.
    2
  291. If you're going to play with malware, you want to turn off any host to guest (and vice versa) communication.
    2
  292. You can create a recovery USB drive. Much faster to install Windows from a flash drive than with a DVD. On most modern PCs, you can install Windows in less than 10 minutes.
    2
  293. No. It will create a virtual hard disk file that you can't directly open through File Explorer. Its a .vdi file.
    2
  294. LMAO. You really think he's going to give out his personal email in these bot/scam infested comments? He'll get bombarded with scammers and people trying to get him to fix their stuff among a myriad of other stuff.
    2
  295. Not unless the tablet runs Windows.
    2
  296. Kinda helps to know what error you get...
    2
  297. That's one way of thinking about it.
    2
  298. Using outdated software is an inherent risk. If you don't connect your guest system to the internet, you will be fine. If you plan on connecting your older guest systems to the internet, you should consider isolating your guest and host systems as much as possible.
    2
  299. If you're serious about hacking, you should have a good understanding of computer networking.
    2
  300. ​ @Crypjay  Kali Linux is not illegal. Its a tool. Just like there are legitimate uses for pretty much all tools, there are illegal uses for them. It just depends on how you use it. There are 3 main kinds of hackers: white hat hackers, gray hat hackers and black hat hackers. White hat hackers are people who use their skills for good. They may work in a company's cyber security department to prevent and/or mitigate cyber attacks. They may work in a company that provides cybersecurity solutions to other companies, etc. Gray hat hackers are people who break into computer systems but not necessarily do anything malicious. Black hat hackers are the criminals who hack into systems for personal, financial, political gains, etc.
    2
  301. I would look at help-desk/IT support jobs for entry-level. They're not the best jobs, but its a start. Do you have any other computer experience/knowledge?
    2
  302. To my knowledge, there's no way to edit the actual entries of the CAM table of a switch.
    2
  303. Hyper-V works pretty well, but I think for new comers, VBox is more friendly and easy to use. And plus, I believe with Hyper-V, you can't easily do things like USB passthrough
    2
  304. He goes over that in the next few videos. In short, there's a protocol called ARP. It maps MAC addresses to IP addresses. Say you have a network of 5 PC's: PC-1 - PC-5. PC-1 wants to send a ping to PC-5. PC-1 doesn't know 5's MAC address. So what 1 will do is send a broadcast frame. This is basically a frame that asks "What is the MAC address of the device with x IP address?". The switch receives this frame and sends it to all switch ports. All of the computers on the network, except for the intended recipient ignore the frame. PC-5 responds to PC-1's broadcast frame and it will send its MAC address. PC-1 learns PC-5's MAC address and stores it in its ARP cache. After this point, PC-1 can send a frame to PC-5 with the correct IP and MAC address information.
    2
  305. What exactly do you mean by that? Can you clarify?
    2
  306.  @shaiuken  I see now. It looks like its a public route server. I'm not really familiar with this.
    2
  307. The scammer would only be able to see your virtual machine. If you're going to do this, I strongly suggest doing a bit of research of network security first. Most scammers aren't really that smart when it comes to computers, as they are mainly reading from scripts. However, you never quite know who you will run into.
    2
  308. He's just showing that you can download different versions of Linux. It doesn't mean you have to do exactly what he shows in the video. You can technically run macOS. It is against Apple's terms of service to run macOS on a non-Apple computer, but it can be done. It won't be easy though. Apple doesn't provide you with download links for most of their systems as they can only be downloaded through a Mac on the App Store. There are many videos and guides showing you how to do this, but again, it won't be easy.
    2
  309.  @JG-mt7eh  A virtual machine is used to create multiple virtual systems running on top of your host operating system. In this case, Windows is the host OS and he is running Kali Linux in a virtual machine. This lets you run multiple systems without having to use multiple real computers or without having to install multiple operating systems on your real hardware like a multi-boot system.
    2
  310.  @JG-mt7eh  Yes, his laptop is connected to the internet but it doesn't matter. VirtualBox is a type 2 hypervisor so you run the VMs on the laptop itself and interact with them on the laptop.
    2
  311.  @JG-mt7eh  Its up to you. You can choose to update or not. Its like a real computer.
    2
  312. Sure. You can install VirtualBox or VMware Workstation Player on W10 Home.
    2
  313. No since. they ban the account, not the computer. Even if you setup a virtual machine, it will still use the same public IP address that you get from your internet provider since the internet traffic still goes through your router.
    2
  314. Yes. Once you're over 18, its impossible to learn anything computer related. In all seriousness, you're still young dude. I'm just a year older than you and still learning a lot of IT related concepts. I'm not trying to be rude, but your age doesn't really matter. As long as you're dedicated to learning and practicing, you will be fine.
    2
  315. That's fine. You will import the VM instead of installing it like he does in the video. An OVA is basically a pre-packaged VM that's more or less ready for use.
    2
  316. Routers typically have far fewer interfaces than switches. Most routers usually have 2 interfaces: LAN and WAN. You would connect a switch to the LAN interface to get more ethernet ports.
    2
  317. iOS or macOS? IOS cannot be run on VirtualBox since it is designed specifically for iDevices and their CPUs are fundamentally different than what your typical PC uses. If you mean macOS, it is possible, but not easy. Apple goes to great lengths to make sure you don't install macOS on non-Apple computers. It is against their terms of service. There are plenty of guides out there, but it isn't for the faint of heart.
    2
  318. Switches are used to connect devices in a network. Routers are used to connect to other networks.
    2
  319. Most likely yes.
    2
  320. Try giving the virtual machine more disk space, say 25-50 GB of space.
    2
  321. Nope. His series is far from complete. You're better off watching other channels like Jeremey's IT Lab or similar. Network Chuck is a good presenter, but there is still a lot of information that he hasn't covered in this series.
    2
  322. One thing he doesn't explain is that routers have multiple interfaces. Each interface has its own MAC address. Most routers have at least 2 interfaces: a LAN (for internal network) and a WAN (out to the internet) interface. When your PC sends an IP packet to the router, it sends it to the LAN interface's MAC address. Internally, the router then sends this packet to the WAN interface which it uses its MAC address. and the .38.1 IP is the WAN interface's IP address. In a real network, the WAN interface usually gets a public facing IPv4 address from the internet provider.
    2
  323. You would need to contact your ISP and request a 2nd IP. That's assuming they offer that service. Usually, that's reserved to business/enterprise customers and requires an extra fee, but then again, it depends on your provider.
    2
  324. VirtualBox is free and open source. That means anyone can look at the source code and see if there are any shady things going on behind the scenes. Of course you have to understand programming to really understand the source code.
    2
  325.  @Personalinfo404  If there were major issues with VBox, like security or privacy concerns, they would be discovered. As I said, its free and open source. Volunteers literally work on this stuff for free (usually). If you want to be "suss', why not check out VMWare Workstation? Its free (for personal use), but not open source. No one can look at the source code.
    2
  326. Pretty much. There are some precautions to take such as disabling network and any host to guest (and vice versa) communication like shared clipboard and drag and drop.
    2
  327. Your VM will have a different IP address than your host system mainly because it is going through NAT. It will, however, still have the same public IP address.
    2
  328. You would import the OVA file within VirtualBox's settings. Here's a help guide from Oracle: https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E26217_01/E26796/html/qs-import-vm.html An OVA file is basically a packaged version of the VM. You import it into VBox and it will setup the VM for you; no need to go through the install process.
    2
  329. You don't. Apple doesn't have a BIOS/UEFI interface for you to use on Apple computers.
    2
  330.  @honorablemention7138  As long as its not an M1 Mac, I think you should be good to go.
    2
  331. lmao. What does subnetting have to do with iCloud? No, you can't remove iCloud lock.
    2
  332. Pretty much all routers are configured through a web interface. You just type in the router's IP address into your web browser's address bar and that's it. It works on almost any device that has a web browser. Managed switches are usually programmed through a serial port. You'll need a USB to serial cable and a terminal program. Though there are some switches you can configure through a web interface, but that usually needs to be initially configured through the command line. What was the switch you bought from TP-Link?
    2
  333. No, but it will still take up disk space.
    2
  334. Its not exactly easy to setup a virtual Mac system, but it can be done. Just make sure you read up on this. Its not as straightforward as you may thing. The biggest hurdle is finding a macOS installer. Apple doesn't distribute their OS in ISO format and they can only be officially downloaded from a real Mac. There are ways around this, but you just have to look for them.
    2
  335. Port forward the necessary ports for your game, setup UPnP (if supported by your router), or set your PS5 on a DMZ. The 1st is preferred for security.
    2
  336. Well yes. A router's job is to send/receive IP packets. But you have to understand the OSI model, specifically layers 2 & 3 to understand why we use switches and routers.
    2
  337. It doesn't matter if you leak it or not. That's a private IP address. Its completely useless to anyone outside of your home network.
    2
  338. You are probably better off asking in the proxmox forums for help or guidance.
    2
  339. Sounds exactly like my school district. Years before I started working there, I think they implemented one, but it was crap. I've only seen references to it in our internal documentation. It didn't appear to have the concept of user accounts for end-users. Staff could put in tickets, but they had to manually choose which school site, their name, their problem, location, etc. It looked terrible and a lot of teachers didn't use it. Fast forward 5 years later, we know have a decent ticket system that looks modern, has LDAP integration and SSO and we still have an annoyingly large number of staff members who insist on calling us or walking to the tech office.
    2
  340. The VM will have the same public IP address since all network traffic goes through your router. However, the VM will have a different internal IP since by default, VBox uses NAT on your VM.
    2
  341. Not directly. You need a cable modem first. You then plug an ethernet cable into the cable modem's ethernet port and the other end into the pfSense box's ethernet port. You plug another network cable from another ethernet port on the pfSense box to a network switch.
    2
  342. 32-Bit systems are limited to 4GB of RAM and can only run 32-bit software. 64-Bit systems can support much more RAM and support both 32 and 64-bit software. There are many technical differences between both of them.
    2
  343.  @rgrahamdesign  You use subnets and VLANs to create separate networks for different uses. For instance, in an office setting, you may use a few VLANs: Staff network, VOIP network, Guest network, management network. All of these networks can run on the same hardware so that you don't have to buy dedicated routers and switches just for your staff network, then dedicated switches for your guest network, etc. You setup your subnets and VLANs on the router and switches so that the correct traffic flows through the correct ports and networks. A router is needed for VLANs to talk to other VLANs. You can then create firewall rules to prevent certain subnets from talking to each other. For instance, you want to be able to provide guests with wifi access. However you don't want the guest network to be able to talk to your servers or other networks for security reasons. At the firewall level, you can create a rule that prevents any traffic from the guest VLAN to communicate with any other network and just have a connection to the internet for instance.
    2
  344. Yep. I find that amazing as well. A few years ago, I started playing around with creating my own VPN server at home. My family and I went to Mexico during the summer in 2019 and I thought it was awesome how I was able to remote into my home network from my grandparent's home over the VPN connection 2000 miles away!
    2
  345. Yes he could have just used a L2 switch. L3 switches are an interesting concept since they're pretty much switches with routing capabilities. From my understanding, you use L3 switches when you have a lot of inter-network communication across many different switches.
    2
  346. lmao. If you're "put down" because of the video title, that's on you....
    2
  347. No. Its the last IP address of the subnet that is the broadcast IP. The first IP is the network ID.
    2
  348.  @A.N.C.Higupuf  sorry I'm not very familiar with RPi. I had one many years ago but never got around to work with it that much.
    2
  349. Subnets are used to breakup a large network into smaller sub-networks (hence the term subnet) for better and easier management. Say you have a school district with 20 sites (15 schools and 5 administrative sites) and a total of about 20k endpoints (computers, laptops, VOIP phones, interactive screens, etc). How would you approach the network setup? Do you put everyone on the same network? That wouldn't be a good idea from a management perspective. You would breakup the network into smaller chunks. You would create a student subnet/VLAN, then a staff subnet/VLAN, then a guest VLAN, a server/IT infrastructure subnet/VLAN, etc.
    2
  350.  @sierrawilson5605  I don't believe they can. The idea is they are separate networks that are independent of each other. You can, however, setup routing that allows communication across VLANs and subnets.
    2
  351. Has nothing to do with an ethernet cable or where you live. Your router is just configured to work on the 192.168.2.xxx network space. Nothing necessarily special about that.
    2
  352. The switch has a CAM table with a list of what MAC address is associated with what physical port.
    2
  353. Good luck. There's a lot more to learn for the CCNA than what he goes over. This series is extremely incomplete.
    2
  354. If you choose the Virtual Machine option on the Kali page, it will download the OVA file which is a pre-built VM. You just import that into VBox and that's it. no need to go through the install process. If you do want to go through the install process, you download the ISO file (bare metal option).
    2
  355. Let's say you have PC-1 and PC-3. PC-1 wants to send PC-3 a packet. In the frame, PC-1 adds the MAC address of FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF; this is a broadcast frame. The switch sees this frame and broadcasts it to every port on the switch, except the port it came from. All of the PCs see this frame but ignore it except for PC-3. PC-3 responds to PC-1 with its (PC-3) MAC address and then PC-1 receives it. PC-1 now knows PC-3's MAC address and can then send frames to it.
    2
  356. Don't know the exact steps, but it should be in the console's network settings.
    2
  357. In its current state, it is incomplete. There's no way anyone can pass the CCNA exam with just this video series. There's still a lot of information that is missing.
    2
  358. NAT provides some protection in the sense that it doesn't allow connections from outside of your network to come through unless they were initiated by a device inside of your network.
    2
  359.  @mateuszwasielewski7193  It would first require a hacker to get into the router. Then, the router has to support those features. It would be extremely unlikely that it happens.
    2
  360.  @Matsuro_まつろ  I don't recommend doing this mainly because of the infected drive. If you want to be safe, its best to run a live CD/USB like I mentioned. To be even more safe, you can unplug your computer's hard drive/SSD and just have your Live CD/USB, the infected drive, and another drive to copy your files from the infected drive.
    2
  361. Its not really a modem. There's an ONT (optical network terminal) that he briefly shows. The fiber cable ends at that ONT and then gets converted to an ethernet signal which runs to his AT&T gateway box.
    2
  362. Its kind of important to know what the error message says....
    2
  363. It tells you right in the error message: VT-x is disabled in the BIOS. You have to enable virtualization in your computer's BIOS.
    2
  364. Linode is a cloud provider where you can run virtual machines on the cloud. A virtual machine is a virtual computer that you can run on top of your real computer or a dedicated server.
    2
  365. No. Computer networking doesn't require any programming knowledge. Although it can be beneficial to know programming if you want to get into SDN (software defined networking).
    2
  366. Routers usually have 2 interfaces: A LAN interface and a WAN interface and each interface has its own MAC address. When you send a frame from your PC, your PC puts the MAC address of the router's LAN interface as the destination. When the frame arrives at the router, it will then remove its LAN mac address as the destination and move that to the source. It will then add its WAN interface to the destination MAC address.
    2
  367. Do you have any prior computer knowledge? If not, I would go for the A+ first. The CCNA is not an entry-level certification. If you have no previous IT experience, the CCNA itself likely won't help you get a decent paying job.
    2
  368. You'll need a USB wifi adapter and pass it through to your VM.
    2
  369. Well the switch only understands MAC addresses. The switch has a CAM table where it learns the MAC address of each device that is plugged into each of its ports.
    2
  370. Yes except for storage. If your VM takes up 100 GB of storage (for instance), it will continue taking up that much space on your hard drive whether or not it is powered on.
    2
  371. Not at all. This series is not even close to being complete. There's still a lot of stuff that he hasn't covered. I'm not sure what the hold up is as its been going on for over 3 years... He's a good presenter, but his series still has a lot of material to cover. I suggest watching Jeremy's IT Lab. He may not be as enthusiastic as NWC, but his series is actually complete and is pretty good.
    2
  372. You'll need to use Parallels for Mac. I think that's the only virtualization software available on M1 Macs that works.
    2
  373. I worked at a local dried fruit company a few years ago as an IT tech intern. I learned about ESXi which I thought was really cool. I bought myself an HP workstation from around 2012. It only cost me like $40. I spent another $80 or so to max it out. My employer was gracious enough to provide me with an older copy of ESXI they didn't use anymore. This was almost 5 years ago and I'm still running that system. Pretty cool to play around with.
    2
  374. It doesn't work that way. Your VM will still have the same public IP address as the rest of your network because it is all going through the same router and internet connection. Your VM will have a different private IP address because it is on a virtual network but all of the internet traffic to and from the VM will go through your main router. If you want a different public IP address on your VM, you will need to use a VPN on it.
    2
  375. 200k what? USD? What currency? The vast majority of IT jobs make no where near that much money except for very experienced programmers, IT engineers, managers or directors for very large companies. Systems administrators/IT managers will probably barely make over 120k USD at their max pay in most companies. Help desk employees will probably barely make a quarter of that depending on job and company.
    2
  376. Just to show you that you can install different types of operating systems.
    2
  377. lmao. Its not that deep dude.
    2
  378. Edit Doing some quick research, it appears that wifi is not officially supported with Proxmox. There are workarounds to get it to work, but again, it is not supported. As I said, using wifi is not the intended use case for a type-1 hypervisor. You're expected to connect your Proxmox laptop to your router via ethernet. You have to keep in mind that Proxmox is intended for uses where ethernet is more or less the de-facto connectivity standard. You can try searching on Google to see if there are drivers for your wifi card for Proxmox. I'm not super familiar with it though.
    2
  379. No. Apple does not give you any control over the UEFI. They don't want you to change anything. Do note that VBox doesn't work on M1/M2/M3 Apple chips.
    2
  380.  @snixtysnixt  You're talking to a scam troll bot. Look at the user name.... You can use this in a virtual machine. You just have to play around with the Virtualbox network settings and make sure your VMs are pointed to the virtual router.
    2
  381. Does your host computer only have 1GB of RAM? If so, that's barely enough for it let alone a guest OS. You would probably be limited to a very old OS like XP or older or a very light weight linux distro.
    2
  382.  @starlo8  You may be able to run W10 on 1GB of RAM, but it will most likely be a painfully slow experience. According to MS, W10 64-bit requires at least 2GB of RAM.
    2
  383. It doesn't. Switches work at layer 2 of the OSI model meaning they work with MAC addresses and frames. They don't understand IP address (unless we're talking about layer 3 switches, but that's a different topic). When you have PC-1 that wants to communicate with PC-5 (for instance), PC-1 sends a broadcast frame. The switch receives this frame and broadcasts it to the other connected device. The frame basically asks, what is the MAC address of the device with this IP address?" With "this IP" being PC-5's IP. All devices that receive the broadcast frame ignore it except for PC-5. PC-5 then responds to PC-1 with its MAC address. PC-1 then 'learns' this MAC address.
    2
  384. Pretty much. The core concepts of networking don't really change much. He's a good presenter, but his "CCNA" course is far from complete. There are still tons of concepts and topics he hasn't covered, so you may want to look at other resources as well.
    2
  385.  @killjoybr  Your ISP wouldn't provide you with a VPN IP address. It is possible that the websites you are using to find out your public IPv4 address are not entirely accurate. When I had AT&T DSL, a lot of websites thought I was in Kansas when I live in California. With my fiber ISP, most websites either assume I'm somewhere in the bay area (where the ISP is based out of) or in Tehachapi in southern California.
    2
  386. An OVA file is a pre-built VM. You just import it into VBox and you're good to go. No need to go through the install process. If you want to do the install, choose the bare metal option from the download page.
    2
  387. I had to have a serious conversation with my boss and the school principal about that. I work in school IT support. The previous 2 IT techs at that particular school allowed walk-ins and for teachers to send kids to the tech's office for password resets and to drop off Chromebooks for repair. When I took over, it was absurd. I had teachers drop off a stack of 10+ chromebooks with no notes about what was wrong with them or even what teacher/room they came from. I had to more or less put a hard stop to that because it as just getting absurd. Teachers and staff would bypass our procedure of putting in a tech ticket or calling the help desk if they couldn't put in a ticket. I have no problem helping people. After all, that's why I work in tech support, but it gets incredibly frustrating trying to manage the myriad number of tickets left behind from the previous guy and people just randomly walking in asking for stuff or a "quick question". This was almost 2 years ago, and to do this day, we still get a few teachers who keep doing it.
    2
  388. Yes I'm pretty sure you can run the clones simultaneously.
    2
  389. That's the gist of it.
    2
  390. The packet still contains the destination mac address - Lisa's computer. When it reaches the switch, it will send it to the correct device. Once Lisa's PC receives it, it will look at the frame (L2) and the packet (L3).
    2
  391. Depends on your router and how it is configured to assign IP addresses. It doesn't really make a difference.
    2
  392. In a real setup the web server would be at a data center. The switch would be in between the router and the computers and servers. This illustration in the video is just showing a simple network setup. In the real world, your router is not directly connected to another router physically.
    2
  393. Yes, except for storage. Your VM will continue to take up space regardless if its powered on or off. All the rest, CPU and RAM is not in-use if your VM is powered off.
    2
  394. You sign up for Google Cloud Platform or any cloud provider (like Amazon AWS or Microsoft Azure or similar), create your VM and you're good to go. I strongly suggest reading their documentation first. This is enterprise level stuff so it may not initially be easy to setup.
    2
  395. Is your device connected via Wifi? If so, it has an IP address, otherwise it wouldn't be able to talk to the network. If its on ethernet, its ethernet adapter will have an IP address, but the wifi adapter may not have an address until it connects via wifi.
    2
  396. You can set a static IP configuration on the host device or the DHCP server (if enabled) will automatically configure the host device with that information.
    2
  397. He's just exaggerating. It won't harm the computer, but if you give the VM a lot of RAM, like almost the amount of RAM your system has, it may slow things down.
    2
  398. Yes you can store a virtual machine on an external hard drive. Performance will likely drop. I would strongly consider a fast external SSD if performance is a concern.
    2
  399. He adds a note. In the 2nd tool bar (from top to bottom), look for the notepad icon (right on top of Physical). Then you can create a note anywhere inside of the logical view.
    2
  400. It may be called VT-D or virtualization. They may have different names. You can try it, but the performance may not be great especially if you're trying to run newer operating systems like Windows 10 or 11.
    2
  401. You would need to understand how to use a Cisco router. There are plenty of videos and guides out there showing you how to configure Cisco equipment.
    2
  402. you install the virtualbox guest additions.
    2
  403. No. However if your AV also does network protection, it may intercept any virus/malware that you may try to download on your VM. I've seen it happen with ESET.
    2
  404.  @slix5953  You have to main options: An OVA file or the ISO. If you choose the virtual machine option, it will download the OVA file. This is a pre-built vm. You just import it into VirtualBox and that's it; no need to go through the install process. If you do want to go through the process, choose the bare metal option to download the ISO.
    2
  405.  @slix5953  No difference in terms of functionality.
    2
  406. It helps to know what error you get.... And if you're trying to install a virtual macOS system on a non-Apple computer, you can't officially do it. Apple goes to great lengths to prevent you from doing so.
    2
  407. CompTIA is world wide.
    2
  408. I'm not sure I understand your question.
    2
  409.  @862wesley  No. I think you're very confused. 500 in binary would be 111110100 and 700 would be 1010111100. With number systems, you have to understand the place values. Base 10 works on powers of 10 whereas binary works on powers of 2.
    2
  410.  @Eternal_Tech  Ah. I see. I never watched her show so I didn't know that part. I just knew that she had a TV show, but that's it. Thanks for the info.
    2
  411. Its not a smart idea to run a network without a firewall. You typically want a router that supports 2 internet connections. I don't know if multilayer switches have that.
    2
  412.  @Jojo171_  Correct. The private IP address your device has depends on the network its connected and how the network is configured. The MAC address of your device is what is fixed from the manufacturer.
    2
  413. You download it from Microsoft. You can download the Media Creation tool from them to download the ISO or if you want Windows 11, you can download the ISO straight from Microsoft.
    2
  414. It may be possible, but it will likely be tough finding a job. The CCNA is a good certification, but its not usually a beginner level IT cert. If you're in the US, I suggest looking at local school districts for any IT tech/support jobs as that can be a good way to get started in the IT field.
    2
  415. I would increase the capacity of the virtual disk drive. If that still fails, you may need to redownload your ISO.
    2
  416. The internet traffic from your virtual machine still goes through the router. Your VM will have the same public IP address as any other device on your home network. The only way you can get a different public IP address is if you use a VPN service.
    2
  417. There's really no point. You can use a flash drive to create 'virtual memory'. Microsoft calls it ReadyBoost but it doesn't really help unless you have less than 1GB of RAM. And even then, it is not as fast as regular system memory so your laptop would likely run pretty terribly slow. You're better off upgrading your laptop to at least 8 GB of RAM if you want to run virtual machines.
    2
  418. It doesn't really matter. Network equipment is very fast. Even if there was a speed advantage, it likely wouldn't be noticeable.
    2
  419. Its a massive PITA to do that. I doubt he would do a tutorial on that since he would be breaking the terms of service of Apple. No one reads that, but it specifically states that you are not to install macOS on a non-Apple machine and I doubt he will do that. There are plenty of guides on how to install it. Just keep in mind that Apple doesn't want you to do this so it won't be as simple as just downloading a few files and clicking a few buttons.
    2
  420. I don't really believe there are any notable differences in running Linux in a Vm with a Windows host and Windows vm on a Linux host. When the vm is powered off, it will not use any resources other than storage. If your vm takes up 50 GB of space, it will continue to use that amount of storage regardless of it being power on or off.
    2
  421. Which IP are you talking about? public (assigned by your internet provider) or private (inside your network)?
    2
  422. what error do you get?
    2
  423. Nope. It won't work that way since private IP addresses are not routeable on the internet. When your PC sends the packet, it will add its (your PC) IP address as the source and the IP address of the web server as the destination. This packet gets sent to the router. The router looks at the packet's information and will remove the PC's IP address from the source and will add its (the router's public facing) IP address as the source. This process happens along each hop until it reaches the destination. So from the web server's perspective, the packet came from your router and not your computer.
    2
  424. If you want a pre-built VM, choose the virtual machine option. It will let you download an OVA file that you import into Vbox and that's it. If you want to go the install route, choose the bare metal option.
    2
  425. For home networks, that's ok. But if you're talking about larger networks, its impractical to run an entire organization completely over wifi. As convenient as Wi-Fi is and as many improvements have been made over the decades, it still isn't the most reliable method of connecting computers to networks, especially if they need high performance networking. For your use case, you don't necessarily need any switches or cabling. If wifi works great for you, that's great. And not to be rude, but this is a video series on CCNA which deals with enterprise networking which involves routers and switches and network cabling.
    2
  426. so what exactly are you having trouble with? If you try to open the PKZ file in Packet Tracer, what happens? Need more details.
    2
  427. Not quite. Bootcamp is used to install Windows alongside macOS on your Mac computer. Bootcamp partitions your Mac's SSD and installs Windows on it. When you boot up your Mac, you can choose to boot into either macOS or Windows but not both at the same time. With VirtualBox, you can install multiple systems and run them simultaneously.
    2
  428. kinda hard to help without knowing what that 'prompt box' was.... No your PC was most likely not 'hacked'....
    2
  429. The CCNA is a more advanced and in-depth version of the Net+. The Net+ more or less just gives you the network fundamentals. CCNA takes those fundamentals and builds on it for Cisco-specific products. In your case, it probably won't be of much benefit unless you plan on working on cisco equipment. And this course is far from complete. There's still too many topics missing which is important for the CCNA exam.
    2
  430. Maybe. I know some software can detect if it is running on a VM.
    2
  431. That's why IPv6 was created. It has a much larger address space than IPv4. ISPs typically use things like NAT or CGNAT to ration out public IPs to customers.
    2
  432. A very dangerous and advanced virus would be able to break out of a VM. If you're going to be playing with viruses, make sure you turn of all functions that allow guest to host and vice versa interaction like networking, shared folders, bi-drectional drag and drop, etc.
    2
  433. Uninstall what?
    2
  434.  @tchippat7634  You don't necessarily "uninstall" a VM. You delete it. Right click on the vm you want to delete, and choose remove. You can uninstall Virtualbox like any other program.
    2
  435. lmao. That's completely unrelated to the video. I suppose you can do that, but you would need to find other videos for that topic.
    2
  436. Yes. I believe most Cisco switches have something called SPAN/RSPAN. It stands for Switched Port Analyzer. It allows you to mirror the traffic of a port over to another port sot hat you can capture it. Its typically done for diagnosing problems. In theory, you could use it maliciously, but it doesn't mean you'll get exactly what you want. Even if you are mirroring a port, all the data is still the same as the original port. In other words, if you have a client device that is communicating over https to a website, for instance, that data will still be encrypted even if you capture it via the mirror.
    2
  437. No. When you create a VM, it will by default, create a virtual network adapter which has its own MAC address.
    2
  438. You download VirtualBox first, and install it, then you setup your VM.
    1
  439. Yep
    1
  440. I prefer using wired as well, but realistically most consumers are using wireless. Its far more convenient for them and wifi has improved a lot over the years. I work in school IT and use a lot of wifi for student Chromebooks. We don't really have hard labs anymore so a lot of wired infrastructure is very under utilized. We still use ethernet for VOIP phones and access points and occasionally staff devices. Other than that, we primarily run on wifi and it has worked pretty good in the 4 years I've been there.
    1
  441. You ok there?
    1
  442. What do you mean you don't have a router? If you don't have one, you wouldn't be able to go online.
    1
  443.  @kiiturii  You always need a router somewhere. That's the job of a router: to route IP packets. It is extremely unusual to not have a router at home, but if you don't your ISP would act as the router. Those ethernet ports you have, where do they lead to? The cable behind the plug has to lead somewhere.
    1
  444.  @kiiturii  What's the brand and model number of that switch? Its an unusual setup you have.
    1
  445. You're better off watching Jeremey's IT Lab's videos on YouTube. He goes over in-depth the CCNA exam as well as how to configure Cisco routers and switches.
    1
  446. You can, but this is not officially supported. You are technically breaking the licensing agreement (that most people never read but still agree to anyways) by installing macOS on a non-Apple computer. There are tons of videos showing you how to do this; you just have to find one that works for you.
    1
  447.  @amaansovannayak  Very unlikely. Apple won't go after you. They just won't provide any technical support.
    1
  448. Yes you can. However, the performance may not be too good over USB.
    1
  449. The hotspot device acts as a router in that case. The hotspot will have a DHCP server built-in which will give the devices that connect to it IP addresses.
    1
  450. If you're going to do that, I would disable all features pertaining to networking and sharing between the guest and host systems.
    1
  451.  @mujibulhaquetanim  You turn off the networking (disable the virtual network adapter) and turn off the shared folders/clipboard functions.
    1
  452. It will still use disk space even if the VM is powered off. Everything else, CPU, RAM, etc is not in use when the VM is powered off.
    1
  453. I mean, Bluestacks is used to emulate Android apps. Android viruses don't infect Windows systems..... As always, you want to isolate your VMs from your host system as much as possible.
    1
  454. No.
    1
  455. Not exactly. For that, you would need to use a VPN service. Though, Netflix can usually detect that you're using a VPN, especially if it is a popular one and may not work.
    1
  456. The thing is that the switch doesn't understand IP addresses, but it knows the MAC address of the computers and which switch port they are on.. There's a protocol called ARP that maps IP addresses and MAC addresses.
    1
  457.  @rdwolf11b  🤦‍♂️
    1
  458. There are a few ways you can address this. Exactly which way you should do it depends on your network setup. The mid to high end home routers usually have settings you can setup to assign certain devices x amount of bandwidth and all other devices get more or less of the overall bandwidth. You can even go a step further with some routers with Quality of Service (QoS). You can assign application types higher priority over other traffic. For instance, you can give your gaming PC or consoles higher QoS compared to watching youtube videos, for instance.
    1
  459. 🤣🤣I deal with a lot of those issues regularly at work. I had a staff member say her monitors weren't coming up (We use laptops and dock stations that connect to a monitor). I drive to the main office only to find that the dock's power cable was not plugged into the power strip..... And these are the people who always say "I've checked everything and it still doesn't work!" when in fact, they checked nothing.
    1
  460. Yes you can do that. But oftentimes, in the enterprise, you don't connect switches with other switches with ethernet cables. Your switches and routers are usually interconnected via fiber links or DAC (direct attached copper) cable.
    1
  461. There are many fundamental and technical differences between 32 and 64 bit programs and operating systems. 32-Bit programs and systems will limit you to up to 4 GB of RAM. 64-Bit software will not work on 32-Bit operating systems. You likely won't notice many problems, if any, unless you're trying to run 64-bit software.
    1
  462. You may need to give your virtual machine more storage. I think that is the cause of the installation failing. I would go with at least 50 GB of space.
    1
  463.  @shift7174  As long as you downloaded the OVA file from the official Kali Linux page, you're fine. An OVA file is a pre-built virtual machine. You just import it into VBox and that's it. No need to go through the install process since its already pre-built. If you want to go the install route, you choose the bare metal option from the Kali page and download the ISO file.
    1
  464. What do you need help with?
    1
  465. What exactly do you mean by blocking it? Do you get any message telling you its blocked?
    1
  466. No. That's not possible. By default, your VMs will have a NAT setup. That means that your host system has a virtual adapter which acts like a router (as far as the VM is concerned). Your internet traffic in the VM will still go through your main router. If you don't have internet access, you won't get internet on your VM.
    1
  467. I've been using VBox for over a decade without many issues. USB passthrough support is sometimes finicky.
    1
  468. Need more details. There should be an expand button on the error message which can give you more details. Just to double check, did you enable virtualization in your BIOS? This is probably one of the most common issues that people run into: didn't enable that in the BIOS.
    1
  469.  @tommythompson1286  What exact file did you download? What's the file extension?
    1
  470.  @tommythompson1286  2 GB of storage or RAM? If its storage, that's way too little. I think you need a minimum of 15 GB of storage. 2GB of RAM is too little also. It will work, but performance may not be very good.
    1
  471. And what are those questions?
    1
  472.  @David-xh8ff  What Mac do you have? If it has an M1 chip, VBox won't work with it. I don't believe there's a public version of it that works on Apple silicon CPUs.
    1
  473. I'm not sure you mean by "I want that start on the beginning like a another os install."
    1
  474.  @Gusrango  I guess you want a dual boot system. I'm not sure if it can be done in a vm. I don't see why not, but I haven't tried it. You would just need to partition the virtual hard drive so that 1 vm gets 1 partition and the other vm gets the other. Though I don't really understand why you want to do it this way. It would just be easier to create 2 vms. Alternatively, you can forgo the virtual machine and setup a dual boot system on your computer. You would first install Windows on its own partition and then create another partition for whatever OS you want to install.
    1
  475. Doesn't work that way dude. You can't have "unlimited" storage. You're still limited to the amount of free storage on your real hard drive/SSD.
    1
  476. 🤦🤦🤦
    1
  477. Not that I'm aware of.
    1
  478. You'll have to upgrade to a newer computer or at least a CPU that does support it.
    1
  479. The packet still contains the destination mac address - Lisa's computer. When it reaches the switch, it will send it to the correct device. Once Lisa's PC receives it, it will look at the frame (L2) and the packet (L3).
    1
  480. Not quite sure what you mean "hacked to trace the process...". It is possible to get your virtual machine to get hacked. If you do things correctly, it would be unlikely to get your host machine hacked.
    1
  481. Just a word of caution. his videos are entertaining, but they're not complete. If you're wanting to use his series to get your CCNA, I suggest watching other channels. NWC is a good presenter, but his CCNA series is extremely incomplete. There's still a ton of information (and I do mean a lot) he hasn't covered which is important to know for the CCNA.
    1
  482.  @sharpears1756  Jeremy's IT Lab is a good channel. He may not be as enthusiastic as NWC, but he has a complete CCNA series.
    1
  483. Its the same overall concept, but the interface of VMware will be different.
    1
  484. Yes. He's fully aware as are most of the large tech channels. YouTube hasn't done much in the past couple of years to address this issue though. Many large channels have the same issue.
    1
  485. He didn't "install" it. He just downloaded it as an example.
    1
  486. I would give the VM more disk space, say 50 GB of space. This is a 2 year old video so the requirements of Kali Linux have changed a bit.
    1
  487.  @saidfrh  I've run Kali Linux on a vm, but not PT. It should be fine though.
    1
  488. Nope. That's stored on Microsoft's servers. You can try an account recovery.
    1
  489. lmao. That includes you, right?
    1
  490. Even then, that's not a real defense. With the appropriate tools, you can still find the name of a hidden SSID.
    1
  491. Cisco PacketTracer and GNS3 are good. GNS3 requires Cisco IOS files for the full functionality, but you can't get them unless you have an active Cisco contract which is very pricey. You don't need to buy dozens of things if you want real hardware. Just a Cisco router and switch will suffice for most people who are interested in this. I bought a Cisco router from eBay for about $100 5 years ago and a Cisco switch for about $50 or so.
    1
  492. Its hard to say exactly why it happened without knowing your place of work's network setup. It could be laziness, it could be an oversight, who knows?
    1
  493. You're watching the wrong video dude.
    1
  494. You won't need to do subnetting for the A+. Maybe for Net+, but not for A+
    1
  495. Probably not. I suggest watching Jeremy's IT Lab. He has a complete CCNA series. He may not be as enthusiastic as NWC, but his series is complete and pretty good.
    1
  496. Its just for demonstration: that you can install different systems.
    1
  497. I highly doubt it. These videos are pretty good to help give you a general understanding of some networking concepts. However, at least with the videos he currently has, there is still a lot (and I mean a lot) of information that is missing. From what I recall, he hasn't gone over a lot of topics, or if he did, it was brief like: subnetting, VLANs, routing protocols, switching technologies, trunking, ACLs, actually configuring a router and a switch, etc.
    1
  498. It doesn't run in the background. it only runs when you open it. The performance difference varies based on your host hardware, the guest OS, the guest VM's virtual hardware, etc.
    1
  499. Yes of course. Most home internet connections have dynamic public IP addresses.
    1
  500. What is "it"? the website? And what were you trying to download???
    1
  501. There's usually fiber infrastructure between buildings. Depending on how the buildings are laid out, the fiber can be run aerially or underground through conduits or both. If the buildings are too far away to feasibly wire them, you can use point to point wireless links. You typically have to install an antennae on the roofs of the building and point them at each other.
    1
  502. What MBP do you have? If its an Intel-Based Mac, you should still be able to use VBox. If its an Apple Silicon Mac, your options are very limited from what I can tell. Parallels seems to be a good virtualization program, but it isn't free.
    1
  503. It is doable, but can be a hassle. Windows, especially Windows 10/11 don't play well with Linux distros so it can be a PITA to get both systems running correctly.
    1
  504. Probably not, but some organizations can be picky about certs over experience. I would probably just look over a few A+ training courses on YT (like Professor Messer) just to make sure you feel confident in what the A+ courses teach.
    1
  505. Open a Terminal window and type in: ifconfig I believe you can also see your computer's IP address in Network Settings. I don't remember the exact steps, but it should be too hard to find.
    1
  506. You should be able to follow along with the video.
    1
  507. Of course. You can create virtual networks.
    1
  508. What system are you downloading? Windows 10? If so, the 64-bit version of Windows 10 will work just fine.
    1
  509. lmao
    1
  510. Only your ISP can change your public IP address. I don't understand how you need to change your IP address for work....
    1
  511. LOL. Are you talking about 24:22? If so, that's a private IP address. It is completely useless to anyone outside of his network. You can try "hacking" or pinging or DDOSing that IP until the end of time and you won't get anywhere.
    1
  512. I don't think the engineers who came up with this decades ago anticipated how big the internet would become. There are regulatory authorities in many different parts of the world who's job is to manage the IP blocks for their respective countries like IANA
    1
  513. Yes, you can install Ubuntu as your host OS and install a Windows guest system. I don't know if Virtualbox lets you add a physical internal hard drive to a virtual machine. You'll have to look around for that.
    1
  514. There's a protocol called DHCP. I won't get into all the details, but in short, a DHCP server automatically assigns a device an IP address along with other important network information. Your ISP assigns your router a public facing IP address from its (the ISP's) DHCP server. Most home routers also act as DHCP servers for the devices inside of your network. Without DHCP, you would need to manually assign the IP address and network configuration to every single device in your network and keep track of what device has what address. As you can see, that will become extremely tedious very quickly and very confusing for the vast majority of average home internet users. That's one of many reasons why DHCP was created. You can assign an IP address manually, but how you do it depends on each device. Typically, you go to its network configuration settings and choose "Static IP" or manual IP or something similar and then enter the configuration manually.
    1
  515. You can think of Proxmox as the operating system. You install and configure it. Once that is done, you don't directly interact with the computer you installed it to. instead, you manage it through the web interface.
    1
  516. The hardware is shared between the host and guest systems. It may make your host slower depending on what the VM is doing.
    1
  517. I'm sure it was just for demonstration purposes.
    1
  518. Who says you have to purchase anything? In most home networks, you don't need to buy anything. As long as you keep up with security patches for your router and computers, you're usually fine. Businesses usually buy firewalls along with subscriptions to them but that's a different setup.
    1
  519. What do you mean? What OS ISO are you referring to?
    1
  520.  @mrhangout3670  I would install the Virtualbox guest additions. That will give you better performance on a VM as well as dynamic resolution update: When you go to full screen, the VM will automatically resize, etc. As far as tools, Kali LInux comes with tons of them built-in. You don't necesiarlly need extra tools unless there's something you need. The hard part, initially, is just making sense of how to use them. Most of them are command based so you'll need to be pretty comfortable working with commands and text.
    1
  521. Do you work from home? If so, then your internet connection has no direct connection to your company's network, so that's why you need a VPN client in order to connect to their network.
    1
  522. Correct. That's if you don't want to use the WSL version.
    1
  523. Are you able to login with your credentials in the packet tracer program?
    1
  524.  @DogmaOfHell  I'm honestly not sure. You may need to contact Cisco Netacad/SkillsForAll for help.
    1
  525. Bare metal option. If you have the OVA file already downloaded, you just need to import it into VBox. An OVA file is a pre-built VM. You just import it and the program will handle the rest for you.
    1
  526.  @timburke4132  If you look at the description of the VM inside of VBox, it should have the default username and password.
    1
  527. I don't think Hyper-V is very user friendly. But if you can get it to work, go for it.
    1
  528. Not exactly. A router is a dedicated device to just routing. However, most typical home routers are a combo unit of a router, wifi access point, and switch. In the larger networks, routers just for routing packets.
    1
  529. In general, you don't usually directly configure a computer with a static IP address and subnet mask. There are many videos showing you how to do that with different operating systems. Most of the time, its done through DHCP. You just plug your PC into the router/switch or through wifi and it automatically gets its configuration. Typical home routers may or may not support this kind of stuff. And if they do, it may or may not be limited. That's why he doesn't make tutorials on how to setup subnets on those types of routers because there are way too many variations. Now, if you're looking at Cisco routers, there are countless videos and guides on how to configure them. Its all text based. Have a look at Jeremey's IT lab channel and his plethora of videos on Cisco.
    1
  530. You would just set a static IP in the network adapter settings. It does help to understand the math behind how IP addresses work to understand what you're doing though. As long as you give yourself a static IP address that is in that subnet, you should be ok.
    1
  531. You have to study for it and take the exam. You don't just "get" the certificate. Here's more information: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/training-events/training-certifications/certifications/associate/ccna.html
    1
  532. What kind of trouble?
    1
  533. Its best to stick to a VM if you're running these kinds of distros. If you must use a real computer, you probably want to buy a dedicated machine for it.
    1
  534. Who is "they"?
    1
  535. Kinda hard to help without more information...
    1
  536. Yes. Those are called layer 3 switches. They essentially act as both a router and switch.
    1
  537. He doesn't explain it well. Routers usually have multiple physical interfaces. Each interface has its own MAC address. So when Johnny's laptop sends the data to the router, it arrives at the router's LAN interface. Internally, the router forwards this packet to the WAN interface (that connects to the ISP modem) and this interface has its own MAC address.
    1
  538. You most likely need to give the virtual machine more space. You have to keep in mind this is a nearly 3 year old video. System requirements change over time.
    1
  539. LOL I'm sure he has. Its just that it is generally easier to setup a virtual machine than to mess around with your computer's partitions and bootloader. You can easily damage your systems and data if you don't know what you're doing trying to dual boot a system.
    1
  540. Yes. Its a smart idea to isolate your host and virtual machines as much as possible before testing malware.
    1
  541. Kinda helps to know what errors you're getting.
    1
  542. You got lucky. In my town, my local library has computer/IT books from around 2004 and older. They've remodeled the library a few years ago, but I haven't been there since before they remodeled it. Its great if you want to learn about Microsoft Office 2000 or Mac OS X Tiger or Windows Server 2003.
    1
  543. There's something called NAT, Network Address Translation. It allows your devices inside of your network to go online using a single public IP address. With NAT, your router keeps track of the devices inside of the network and keeps track of their outbound and inbound connections.
    1
  544.  @trevonbradshaw4038  I'm not really sure. You may need to do some more advanced troubleshooting at look at log files.
    1
  545. On a virtual machine....
    1
  546.  @as1ro  If you want to get rid of the dual boot system, you will need to delete whatever partition contains the OS you don't want anymore. So if you have Windows 11 and Linux Mint for instance, and you don't want Linux Mint, you will need to delete the partitions that LM created. It can get a bit tricky trying to get the boot partition to work again for Windows. This is way outside of the scope of this video.
    1
  547. I'm not 100% sure, but I believe you would be able to use a single router for all of your subnets. Your router will need as many physical interfaces as you have subnets. Each subnet would need its own switch. In the IT world, you wouldn't really do it this way. You would create subnets and VLANs. This way, you don't have to buy switches for every single subnet. Enterprise switches can be expensive. You can configure x amount of ports on a switch for each VLAN. Where I work, we have at least 4 VLANs: VOIP, Staff, Student, and Cameras. Each of our cabinets has at least 1 switch per wing of classrooms that all connect to our main cabinet (MDF) via fiber optic links. The exact layout depends on how you setup your network.
    1
  548. oh man.🤦‍♂🤦‍♂🤦‍♂🤦‍♂ You have the wrong idea dude. Type 1 hypervisors are NOT meant to be interacted with directly. You designate a server to act as your virtualization server and then use another device to manage it and your VMs. That's it. That's how it is done in the IT world. You don't go walking around with your laptop containing all of the company's virtual servers. That's just absurd. Type 2 hypervisors are probably what you're looking for like VirtualBox or VMware Workstation.
    1
  549. You don't. At least not unless you buy a used router or switch on eBay or other website that sells network hardware. I bought a $100 Cisco 1941 router several years ago to play around with. The only downside is you can't get software updates without an active service contract with Cisco which is expensive.
    1
  550. Its likely a false positive. You have to keep in mind that Kali Linux is a security-oriented distro. It has tools that can be used for hacking so some AV systems pick it up as potentially malicious.
    1
  551. Its unlikely. Just make sure you disable all host/guest communication like network, drag and drop, clipboard, etc.
    1
  552. If the VM is powered off, it won't use any CPU or RAM resources. But it will still use storage space.
    1
  553.  @confused.cat.  Yep. But it will still use up storage space.
    1
  554. lmao. Why are you here then? If technology is ruining us, why are you trying to learn about IP addresses? Doesn't make any sense...
    1
  555. You have to scroll across....
    1
  556. I would suggest Jeremy's IT Lab. He has a complete CCNA course on YT and its free. Some of the videos are quite long and there are many videos in the playlist, but it is good. He may not be as cheerful or enthusiastic as NWC, but it is good information and more importantly, complete.
    1
  557. I deal with a lot of L8 errors where I work 😉
    1
  558. You may need to allocate more disk space for your virtual machine.
    1
  559. It depends on what you plan on doing on the VM. A VM won't make your internet connection private. Any website you visit will still see your real public IP address since all the traffic is still going through your router.
    1
  560. There's something called NAT (network address translation). It allows your router to essentially share a single public facing IP address with the devices inside of your network. And no not everyone's default IP is 192.168.1.x. That's a common address, but there are some routers that use different IP schemas.
    1
  561. Could be possible, but depending on where you live, it may be difficult to find an IT job at your age. In general, a lot of companies won't hire underage people for tech jobs. Don't let that discourage you, however. Definitely learn as much as you can. If you happen to have an old computer, use that to learn and experiment with. It doesn't need to be fancy or even functional. Also, see if you can ask any small and local businesses in your area to see if they may need some tech help. Sometimes, it can be as simple as just connecting a printer to a computer or setting up a basic wifi router. Sometimes you just have to start small.
    1
  562. I don't think he's gone over that in this series. This is CCNA stuff, not necessarily wireless communications.
    1
  563. Of course dude. Its free and open source software. You can check this straight from their website.
    1
  564. What do you mean? Did you forget your password and all of your recovery questions/recovery options? You're pretty much out of luck.
    1
  565. On your guest OS, you will need to install the VMware guest drivers. I don't remember the exact process, but it should be somewhere in the VM's settings. Once you do this, your guest OS should be able to use your monitor's resolution.
    1
  566. If the router login password has been changed, you have no way of getting into it over the network unless you have physical access to do the device to factory reset it.
    1
  567. I strongly suggest watching videos on how to setup Cisco equipment. That's where you will enter the configurations to setup your networks.
    1
  568. What are you trying to do>
    1
  569.  @dsyphotography7132  Well that depends on whatever streaming software you're using. Virtualbox has nothing to do with that.
    1
  570. Yep. You likely have an M1/M2 Mac. VBox doesn't currently support that CPU.
    1
  571. That's where it gets tricky. You can create firewall rules that allow devices on your main network to talk to the IoT network but not the other way around. There's usually no standardization for IoT devices so some functionality may not work when you segregate devices like this or you may need to look for workarounds for your router and IoT combination
    1
  572.  @datacoman7744  Make sure you import the OVA file into Vbox and not try to attach the file into the VM's DVD drive.
    1
  573. It will have a different private IP address but will have the same public IP address as the traffic will be going through your router.
    1
  574. I'm not sure I understand what you're trying to ask. You can run Kali on a virtual machine or install it directly to your computer (known as a bare metal install). Its more convenient to have it in a virtual machine as you can quickly install and test it in a virtual environment.
    1
  575. No. Proxmox is a type 1 hypervisor. That means that it is essentially the OS. You dedicate a physical computer to Proxmox. You can run many VMs from that single PC (assuming your hardware is sufficiently powerful). You don't directly interact with the Proxmox server; instead, you use another computer to manage the server over its web interface.
    1
  576. If you need VPN access in your VM, then sure.
    1
  577. You can always reconfigure the pfsense box. Its not like once you configure it, its permanent. That wouldn't make any sense. You can reconfigure it from the console (text based) or through its web interface.
    1
  578. What exactly are you confused about? If you installed Kali in a virtual box machine, then of course its a vm. That's what virtualbox is for.
    1
  579. I think you'll need to enable Linux support and then install the debian version of VBox. Just note that Chromebooks typically don't have great hardware so the performance likely won't be very good.
    1
  580. Try giving your VM's hard drive more space, like 50-100 GB. Things change over time, so it is likely the newer installers will require more disk space.
    1
  581. Its telling you it can't find the vdi file. In short, the VDI is a virtual disk file that acts like a hard drive- a virtual hard drive if you think about it. If you downloaded the pre-built VM package, you'll need to make sure all files are extracted to the desktop or whatever folder you want to run the virtual machine.
    1
  582. What exactly are you talking about?
    1
  583. ah yes. The dreaded layer 8 problems... I deal with those on a regular basis in IT tech support.... "Ma'am. Your printer needs paper in order for the "out of paper" light to turn off". 🤦🤦 Or "Ma'am. You have to push the power button on the monitor and computer in order for them to power on."🤦🤦🤦
    1
  584. I average about 0.2-2 Mbps on Verizon's incomprehensibly 'fast' pseudo-5G in my home. I know that true 5G can be blazing fast, but at least in my town, Verizon has done a crap job deploying it. We don't have UWB 5G. The most I've ever gotten in my town is about 60 Mbps.
    1
  585. You can download the Media Creation tool from Microsoft which will let you download the ISO file to use in VBox.
    1
  586. Sounds like user error. None of these programs are dangerous if you download them from the official webpages. If you downloaded Kali Linux, then you have to understand that it has tools that can be considered hacking tools. That doesn't make them inherently dangerous. It seems like you have no idea what you're doing and just blaming others. And if you have important documents on your hard drive, would it not be common sense to have them saved on an external hard drive or other location????
    1
  587. That would be possible, but it largely depends on the company's IT infrastructure. In this context, VDI (Virtual Desktop Infrastructure) is what would be best.
    1
  588. Hate to burst your bubble, but there's a lot of information that's missing for a "CCNA" course. He's a good presenter, but he still has a very long ways to go to make a complete series.
    1
  589. IT stands for Information Technology. IT is a very broad field with many sub-fields, like in computer networking, PC repair, systems administration, databases, computer security, etc. Although tech is mostly a male dominated field, women can do it to. I work as a computer tech at a local school district and the IT dept. has had a fair number of female techs over the years.
    1
  590. What do you mean? As far as I'm aware, Kali Linux is based off of Debian. Its just that Kali has a lot of security and network related tools pre-packaged into the OS.
    1
  591. Are you sending any HTTP/HTTPs traffic in any of your computers/devices in packet tracer? If not, you won't see any traffic.
    1
  592. Layer 2 switches don't have IP addresses so they don't understand the concept of IP's. If you have a layer 3 switch, you can setup IP addresses on it, but that's a different topic.
    1
  593. What file did you download? If you downloaded the OVA file, then that's a pre-built virtual machine; you just import it into VBox and that's it. No need to go through the install process.
    1
  594. If you have a Windows 10 PC, you should be able to click on the power button, hold the shift key, and then press restart. This will take you to a blue menu where you can choose various options. Choose: Troubleshoot>Advanced Options>UEFI Firmware Settings>Restart and it should take you to the UEFI menu.
    1
  595. It doesn't look like there's any special network configuration on the switch in the packet tracer file. You have to make sure you manually assign the host devices IP addresses.
    1
  596. kinda hard to help without details...
    1
  597.  @Byteezexe  Is that the exact error message? I don't think it is.
    1
  598. Every company is different in how they run their IT infrastructure. Some use Cisco, some use HP Enterprise, Ubiquiti, Juniper or basic home routers for small businesses or other brands. Some many have a hodgepodge of random equipment that someone setup 10+ years ago and no one knows what works and what doesn't.
    1
  599. master account? You're using the virtual machine if you specifically turn it on.
    1
  600. Not sure what "it" is that failed or what you were trying to do, but installing VirtualBox couldn't have caused that. It doesn't uninstall your OS. If your host OS is completely damaged, you will need to perform a clean install. There are a myriad of videos explaining how to clean install Windows.
    1
  601. Pre-allocate means that VirtualBox will create a virtual hard disk file the size that you indicated. In other words, if you created a 100 GB virtual hard disk, a 100 GB file will be created. I would choose dynamically allocated. If you're talking about the Type/Version (12:10), you select the system that closely matches what you're going to install.
    1
  602. What are you trying to ask?
    1
  603. If you're talking about the public IPv4 address, than that is expected.
    1
  604.  @user-jc6te1vm8v  yes since all internet traffic still goes through your router.
    1
  605. Yep. In order for a network to work correctly, there has to be a standard communications protocol. That's why practically all modern computers, phones, tablets and internet connected devices use TCP/IP. There were alternatives to TCP/IP many years ago, but they have largely been made obsolete by TCP/IP.
    1
  606. You can, but performance may not be very good over USB.
    1
  607. What guest OS are you trying to install?
    1
  608. Routers have 2 IP addresses. 1 public IPv4 address. This is unique and is assigned by your ISP. There's a private IP address. This address is only used internally in the network.
    1
  609. Adblocker like uBlock Origin is usually what you need. It also greatly helps to have some common sense when browsing shady sites and not to install any custom viewers or players to "view" your material. That's a sure way to get a virus.
    1
  610. He's a good presenter. He gives you the basic information, but that's just about it. If you want to go deeper into network, you'll need to use other resources. NWC's CCNA series is very far from being complete. There's still a ton of information he hasn't covered and it doesn't seem like he'll ever finish the course.
    1
  611. Yes of course. You're technically still supposed to follow all licensing agreements in whatever software you install in a virtual environment.
    1
  612. What do you mean? By default, most typical home routers are somewhat locked down in terms of security.
    1
  613. My suggestion is to use other channels. This series as is is far from complete. There is very little CCNA-specific stuff. I would watch David Bombal or Jeremey's IT lab. They may not be as "exciting" as NWC, but they are much more complete.
    1
  614.  @estu548  There are many guides on how to setup a VPN server at home. I use OpenVPN Access server. However, the free version limits you to 2 concurrent connections at once. It greatly helps if you understand networking and familiar with working on servers and command line interfaces.
    1
  615. My advice is to watch other channels. NWC has a very long way to go to finish this series. I suggest looking at channels like David Bombal or Jeremey's IT lab. They may not be as fun and engaging as NWC, but they are definitely much more informative and complete.
    1
  616. It doesn't matter. The bare metal option gives you the ISO file and you have to go through the install process. The VM option gives you a pre-built VM that you just import into VBox and that's it. Start it up and its ready for use. Either way, it doesn't matter since the end result is the same.
    1
  617. They may have static IP addresses available, but probably not for residential customers. If you upgrade to a business account, you may be able to purchase a static IP or block of them from your provider. I don't believe there are any technical reasons as to why they can't do it for residential customers, but since the vast majority of home users have no need for static IP addresses, there's really no incentive for providers to sell them.
    1
  618. Software that is installed on the host system will not run on the VM. You will need to install that software in the VM. Now, VMs aren't exactly meant for gaming, so you may not get good performance even if your host hardware is more than capable.
    1
  619. Multi-boot is definitely an option. However, virtual machines eliminate the possibility of accidentally erasing important partitions. Especially useful for beginners who may not be familiar with partitions and multi-boot systems.
    1
  620. Do you have any computer experience? Are you familiar with general PC troubleshooting and repair? Do you know how to install an operating system and drivers? If not, I suggest starting with the basics. There are many courses and guides and videos out there. Professor Messer is a good resource on YouTube. Once you have a general idea of basic IT knowledge, you can start looking deeper into networking topics. A lot of the higher level networking and security stuff builds on each other so it greatly helps to have a solid foundation of networking.
    1
  621. What are you talking about? You can change the MAC address in the VM's network settings. GPU passthrough is possible, but a more complex thing to setup. I'm not entirely sure if VBox allows this.
    1
  622.  @freedomisdead9638  🤦 Dude. I said you can change the VM's MAC address within the VM's network settings. You don't need to use 3rd party software in your VM.
    1
  623. If you're serious about it, I strongly suggest doing your research. Read up as much as you can and practice. Not sure how easy that will be. Most 11 year olds don't have the dedication and attention span for technical reading, though. Its not impossible though.
    1
  624. You'll need to setup a VPN server that can access your private network. You then connect to your VPN and can either remote into your VM through RDP (if its a Windows VM) or through another system like VNC. I believe there's a 'headless' mode that you can use to start your vm, but it won't show up in a window. Though VirtualBox isn't exactly intended for this use case.
    1
  625. ??
    1
  626. That means your VM has nothing to boot from. Make sure you add the ISO of whatever OS you want to install to your VM's DVD drive.
    1
  627. What do you mean?
    1
  628. What would be the point of that?
    1
  629.  @sharadverma8792  You're talking about 2 different things. The ARP packet has nothing to do with sensitive information. In theory, yes with the correct equipment and knowledge, you could intercept communications. That's one of the reasons why network hubs aren't used anymore in production environments. Hubs send all traffic to all parts whereas network switches only send it to the intended destination.
    1
  630. Yes all network adapters have a MAC address. It is "burned" in when the device is built.
    1
  631. That's why IPv6 was created.
    1
  632. In what specific section is it asking for it?
    1
  633. Did you assign the LAN interface an IP address? On the pfsense box, you should see a screen similar to 8:20. Look at the interfaces list. The LAN interface should have an IP address. If it doesn't, you should be able to configure one by choosing option 2.
    1
  634. Well yes you can use your main PC to setup a virtual machine. That's one of the advantages of using virtual machines. You can use your main system to run different virtual machines.
    1
  635. The ideal way is with VLANs. You will need to have a switch that supports VLANs. On the router, you assign each VLAN whatever subnet you want. You will also need to create DHCP servers for each subnet. You configure your switch by creating VLANs and assigning ports to each VLAN. You then plug in your devices to the corresponding switch ports. If you're wanting to use Wi-Fi, you'll need to create different SSIDs for each VLAN and configure a VLAN ID for each SSID. There are more automated ways of doing the wifi setup, but you'll need some sort of authentication server. The exact steps vary depending on your network equipment.
    1
  636. lmfao. Of course not. You really think he's going to risk "hacking" just for some roblox account? If you have to ask this, you are not ready to "hack" by any means. Not trying to be rude, but its the truth. And regardless of your intentions, that is still illegal.
    1
  637. That's fine. Its just that if you have ports open, it could potentially make it easier for your router and/or VPN server to get hacked. It doesn't mean it will happen, but its just an inherent risk. Just make sure you stay up to date on your router and VPN server's security up to date.
    1
  638. What exactly do you need help with?
    1
  639. Yes. I'm sure you totally make huge profits since you started trading with a professional broker and used her top notch trading strategy...
    1
  640. That doesn't make sense. You're installing a virtual machine. It won't affect your C drive since the virtual machine creates its own virtual hard disk.
    1
  641. There's something called Link Local for IPv6 which more or less acts as a private IPv6 address.
    1
  642. Yes. Not sure why you would have a python virtual machine though. You ideally want to use an external SSD. SD cards usually aren't that fast and you may get performance issues.
    1
  643. I think he goes over in the next video. In short, when the 1st PC sends data to the 2nd PC, PC 1 adds the MAC address of the 2nd device in the destination MAC address. However, if PC1 doesn't know PC2's MAC address, PC1 first sends a broadcast frame. Basically a broadcast frame is a message that's sent to all devices on the network. The broadcast frame basically asks "What is the MAC address of the device with this IP address?". Since its a broadcast, all devices on the network receive it, but all devices will ignore that frame except for the intended device. PC2 will then respond to PC 1 with its (PC2) MAC address. From that point, PC1 will add PC2's MAC address in the destination mac address whenever it sends it data.
    1
  644. Its possible, but you ideally need to have a solid IT background to do well in these types of jobs. Do you currently have IT experience or knowledge? Computer networking isn't exactly a beginner level IT job.
    1
  645. You pretty much answered your own question. You didn't install a bootloader so your vm will not be able to boot.
    1
  646. I usually turn it off like a regular computer, power button menu and then shut down.
    1
  647. I don't believe M1 CPUs are supported. They're fundamentally different than x86-based CPUs.
    1
  648. Uninstall what? VirtualBox? If you're on Windows, you just uninstall it like any other program from the Control panel. If you're talking about a VM, then you don't "uninstall" it. You delete it by right clicking on the entry and choosing remove.
    1
  649. Yes and no. If you have a fixed internet connection (say DSL or cable or fiber), you most likely have a unique public IP address from your provider. If you're on a cell network, you may have something caleld CG-NAT (Carrier Grade NAT). I don't fully understand it, but its basically a method used by cell providers to share a few public IPv4 addresses with many cellular devices in that area. The 192 IP address you mentioned is a private IP address. That address is only valid inside of your network. You can have 100s of home networks with that same private IP range and everything works fine since the only thing that matters is the public IP address that is assigned by your internet provider.
    1
  650. Details.... Kinda hard to help without information.
    1
  651. Sounds like a problem with your internet connection or browser. No easy way to diagnose this remotely. Does this happen with just your computer or with other devices?
    1
  652. There are countless books, study guides, and videos all over the place. Professor Messer has some pretty good videos on his channel for various CompTIA certifications. I used Mike Meyers' A+ study guide from around 2010. I also strongly suggest getting yourself an old computer to play around with and learn with.
    1
  653. A managed switch can be either Layer 2 or Layer 3. The managed portion just means that you can configure it. Unmanaged switches have no configuration options and are pretty much plug and play.
    1
  654. Helps to know what kind of lock you're talking about. That's not relevant to this video though.
    1
  655. I'm sure there are videos on that, but I don't know any in particular. Most routers have a way to see what devices are connected to it and if it is on wifi or Ethernet.
    1
  656. That doesn't make sense. You don't need another hard disk to use a VM. I think you're referring to a dual-boot system. That's completely different than running a virtual machine.
    1
  657.  @shesathome  I get what you're saying, but for a beginner, it may be easier to setup a virtual machine rather than dealing with partitions and potentially erasing data. That's 1 advantage of a VM; you can't mess up your main PC.
    1
  658. You have to provided a W11 ISO in order to install Windows. Otherwise the virtual machine won't be able to boot from anything.
    1
  659. You can setup a DHCP server for each subnet/vlan. It gets a bit more complex, though.
    1
  660. You will most likely need to install the guest additions. How you do this varies depending on which guest OS you installed.
    1
  661. Change the VM's network adapter to bridge. It will connect to your main network and receive an IP address. You can then use PuTTY to connect to the VM over SSH or telnet or whatever protocol you want to use.
    1
  662. Its possible your ISP/carrier don't support IPv6 or its not enabled on their end.
    1
  663. What part of the video are you asking about?
    1
  664. You'll need to install the guest additions. Once that is installed, you can enter full screen and have it dynamically change the resolution.
    1
  665. Its not a good idea to that for security reasons. Also, most ISPs will only give you 1 public IPv4 address so that means only 1 device will be able to go online. That's why you need a router of some sort.
    1
  666. Modern macs don't use BIOS; they instead use UEFI which is the replacement for BIOS. Apple doesn't have a user interface for the UEFI.
    1
  667. You will need to install the guest-additions in order for things like copy/paste and automatic resolution change to work.
    1
  668. lol. The previous network admin at my place of work had something like that as his profile picture. It was something like: Its not DNS. It can't be DNS. It was DNS.
    1
  669. Your PC will send both the IP and MAC addresses in the data packet. So when it goes from your PC to the switch, the switch only looks at the layer 2 header which contains the source and destination MAC addresses. It will then forward the message to the intended MAC address and switch port.
    1
  670. I work in school IT support. It is disgusting how many teachers still insist on having a classroom printer. I understand they need to print stuff, but that's why all of our schools have large copiers for that purpose. Some of them try using a basic office/home printer for large print jobs and wear them out after a few years. Its insane. Our IT director has basically had to put a stop on printer purchases except for a few special cases here and there.
    1
  671. Yep. Once you're over 18, you can never learn anything ever.... 🤦🤦🤦lol. In all seriousness, it is never too late to start. Do you have the determination and desire to learn? If so that is usually good enough. Do you have any computer knowledge? "Hacking" is one of those things that isn't exactly entery level. You have to ideally have a good grasp of IT concepts beforehand. A lot of "hacking" builds on previous knowledge. It would be like trying to jump straight into engine performance and tuning and not having the slightest idea of how a car's engine works. You have to have the basics first and build on them.
    1
  672. My suggestion is to read the online documentation for that router. Its unlikely he's going to make a video just for that router.
    1
  673. If you have to ask, you are not ready to use these tools....
    1
  674. and that question is.....
    1
  675. With what????
    1
  676. What are you asking?
    1
  677. You'll need to look for a guide for your computer. Most computers have the same settings, but the interface and text may be a bit different between manufacturers and models.
    1
  678. You import the OVA file into VirtualBox.
    1
  679. Bare metal option. If you choose the virtual machine option, it will ask if you want the file for VMware (.7z) or VirtualBox (.ova). The last 2 are pre-built virtual machines whereas with the ISO file will require you to install the system in the vm. Either works fine.
    1
  680. Your comment, as written, is also misleading. You meant public IP address. Yes, only your router has a public IP address. All of your devices connected to your router have a private IP address, otherwise, they wouldn't be able to talk to your network.
    1
  681. Yeah good luck with that.
    1
  682. Kinda helps to know what weird message you get. Not being rude, but working in IT support in a school district, its incredibly frustrating trying to help people when they don't provide details. "Weird message" is not particularly helpful. There are a nearly infinite number of weird messages out there in just about every program you can think of.
    1
  683. What specific part of the video are you asking about?
    1
  684. Just as a demo. Ubuntu is generally considered a beginner's system.
    1
  685. The broadcast frame that is sent from the PC contains the destination MAC address of FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF The switch receives this frame and sees that MAC address. It knows to broadcast (hence the name) that frame out to all the other network ports.
    1
  686. Not really. A lot of those use VOIP services so even if you somehow 'traced' them, they would just lead to a VOIP provider that is usually legitimate.
    1
  687. Go to his channel and look for the CCNA series playlist. Just note that there's still a ton of information missing. Its not a complete CCNA course as his video titles imply.
    1
  688. It looks like an emulator, but it isn't one. It is fundamentally different than an emulator.
    1
  689. If you mean wireless access point, then no. They're primarily a L2 device since they bridge wireless devices to a wired network. Some APs may have some more advanced features that may operate at higher OSI layers.
    1
  690. It looks like it depends on the individual hosts. Some hosts don't respond to pings. You may want to type in this question into google to get a more accurate answer.
    1
  691. That's an ambiguous question.......
    1
  692. What files did you download and what operating system are you running as your host system?
    1
  693. You'll need a degree in computer science and hardware engineering to understand every little detail.... Good luck. I mean if you want some info, look up Ben Eater's videos on YouTube. Its almost impossible to truly understand how all of this works at a very in-depth level. Very few people truly understand exactly how computers work at the component level and low-level software level.
    1
  694. What exactly are you having trouble with? If you have an Apple silicon Mac, this won't work as there is no VBox support.
    1
  695. No. That name stuck because I believe AMD was the first company to develop 64-bit CPUs for consumer-level computers. It just refers to the fact that the ISO is intended for 64-bit CPUs be it Intel or AMD.
    1
  696. You likely have fallen for a scam. If you received a comment from someone whose username is something like "text me on telegram" or some variation of it, that's a scam bot account. YouTube is infested with those for a few years.
    1
  697. I don't understand your question...
    1
  698.  @marekbank3996  There is a website called What is my IP. Go to it and it will tell you your public facing IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
    1
  699. You can buy a USB to ethernet adapter or if your server and laptop are on the same network, just connect to the server over wifi.
    1
  700. Translating isn't exactly the correct word. There is something called ARP, Address Resolution Protocol. It essentially maps MAC addresses to IP addresses. In other words, when PC 1 pings PC 2, it (PC1) needs to know PC2's MAc address. Since it doesn't know it, it sends an ARP request. The switch receives this request and broadcasts it. PC 2 responds with its MAC address and then PC 1 learns it and stores it in its cache. The switch does something similar, but it uses a CAM table to keep track of what ports have which MAC addresses.
    1
  701. So what exactly are you having trouble with?
    1
  702.  @TheBlackmanIsGod  I'm assuming you have a decent PC with at least 8 GB of RAM, have virtualization enabled in BIOS. What exactly happens when you power on the virtual machine? Error messages?
    1
  703. Windows has "Windows Subsystem for Linux" (WSL), which allows you to run Linux systems in a command line under Windows. You could use that to learn Linux if you really want to.
    1
  704. Ethical hacking.
    1
  705. Convenience....
    1
  706. You would download the Windows ISO instead of the Linux ones.
    1
  707. You don't need the latest hardware, but it does help to have more RAM. If your laptop only has 4 GB of RAM and you're trying to run a VM, it may not work that great. VMs are also not exactly meant for gaming. You may be able to run some games, but the performance may not be great.
    1
  708. What??
    1
  709. Its not officially supported, but yes. You can run macOS on VirtualBox. Its probably not super easy to do.
    1
  710. Let's say you need to create 20 directories. Sure, right clicking and creating a folder is easy. However, you will quickly realize that doing that 20 times is very inefficient. With a simple script, you can automatically create 20 folders or however many you want. It is upfront work to know how to work the terminal, but once you understand it, you can do a lot of tasks quickly and efficiently than through the graphical user interface. If you want to get into IT jobs and concepts, you will need to eventually have some understanding of command lines. A lot of utilities are exclusively used through a command line.
    1
  711. If you have a strong interest in networking, I would go for the CCNA. It is geared specifically for Cisco stuff. If you plan on working in cybersecurity in the future, it does greatly help to have a solid understanding of computer networks.
    1
  712.  @Mongo11b  In that case, I would just go with the CCNA. It is more complex, but it is generally a better certification over the Net+ as the Net+ is a more general networking certification.
    1
  713. You can use an SD card. VirtualBox doesn't really care where the vm files are stored, as long as it can read them, its fine. However, SD card's aren't very good for this type of use. For one, it will most likely be painfully slow. The more important thing is that SD cards aren't meant for constant random reads/writes so you can quite quickly wear it out.
    1
  714. I don't think that's directly possible on iPad. Apple doesn't want you to run any system other than iPadOS on it. The closest I can think of would be to already have a Windows machine setup and have remote desktop enabled. You can then remote into your Windows machine from your iPad, but they both need to be on the same network.
    1
  715. The router doesn't care about the MAC address. It only cares about the IP address. Let's say you have PC 1 trying to talk to Web server 1 on some website. PC 1 doesn't know Web Server 1's MAC address. PC 1 sends the frame. In the destination MAC address, PC 1 puts the MAC address of the router in your network. In the destination IP address, it contains the servers' IP address. When the router receives the packet, it will then send the packet out its WAN interface out to the ISP's network which in turn they will route the packet until it gets to its destination.
    1
  716.  @Animeaddictfreak  Routers have at least 2 interfaces: LAN and WAN. When your PC sends a packet to the router, as I mentioned, the PC puts the MAC address of the router as the destination MAC address. The router receives this packet. Its internal process puts the MAC address of its (router) LAN port as the source MAC and puts the MAC address of its WAN port. As I said, routers don't directly work with MAC addresses. Router 1 doesn't care or know about the MAC address of Router 2's WAN port. The only thing the router needs is the IP address of the next destination.
    1
  717. What part of the 2nd video are you talking about?
    1
  718. Yeah. You just boot from your Ubuntu installer and go through the install process as you would any other system. Plenty of guides and videos on how to do this.
    1
  719. Where I live in California, finding any job, let alone an IT job that pays over $55k/yr is next to impossible. IT jobs are almost non-existent in my area outside of local government and school districts and even then, that's incredibly hard to find.
    1
  720. If you downloaded it from the Kali home page, you should are fine. Some antivirus programs detect tools for hacking as threats since, well they can be used for malicious things.
    1
  721. Kinda helps to know what "anything like that" is.......
    1
  722. What's the exact error message and where do you get it? At what point do you get the message?
    1
  723.  @lisagreen3872  What system are you trying to install? If its Kali Linux, then the webpage has changed. You choose the bare metal option which will let you download the ISO file.
    1
  724. Security deals with networking concepts. You'll need to have a good understanding of networks to do well in security, so it only makes sense you start with the Net+.
    1
  725. It depends on the IP in question. IP addresses are a layer 3 concept.
    1
  726. Your computer just tries to ping it. Doesn't mean it will be successful though. A lot of routers have firewall settings in place preventing it responding to ping requests so your PC may not get any response.
    1
  727. Will need more information. Have you verified that you selected a bootable ISO?
    1
  728. You can convert a physical machine to a VM. Vmware has a tool for this, but I haven't used it. The next alternative would be to take the hard drive out of your old PC, connect it to your newer PC through a dock and make a VHD file from the hard drive of the old PC. The problem I see is trying to get it to boot. XP is not meant to run on hardware different than it was installed on so it most likely will crash. There may be ways to get around it, but I don't know.
    1
  729. Virtual machines aren't really for gaming, especially for very demanding games like Warzone.
    1
  730. Did you install the VirtualBox guest additions? VirtualBox systems do run slower than on bare metal though. Installing the Guest Additions can help with performance.
    1
  731. Where in the video are you asking about?
    1
  732. Not currently. His series is very far from being complete. He hasn't even shown you how to configure Cisco routers and switches.
    1
  733. You can install VBox on an external drive, but I don't believe it is intended for that purpose. You can, however, install a virtual machine on an external drive. Again, its not exactly intended for that purpose so performance may not be good over USB.
    1
  734. If you watch the 3rd video, it will make some more sense. There's something called ARP (address resolution protocol). It basically maps IP addresses and MAC addresses. When you ping from PC1 to PC2, PC1 doesn't know PC2's MAC address. It (PC1) sends a broadcast which the switch receives. Basically this broadcasts is asking "What is the MAC address of the device with the IP address of x.x.x.x?". The switch sends this frame to all devices plugged into it, but only PC2 will respond back with its IP address. PC1 now knows the MAC address and will store it in its ARP cache. It is true that layer 2 switches don't work with IP addresses, however, you have to keep in mind the OSI model. If you want to see this in action through Packet Tracer, look at the simulation tab. You can setup 2 PCs and a switch, connect them together, run the simulation mode and send a ping from one PC to the other and you'll get a visual of what's going on.
    1
  735. Yes, but virtual machines, at least with VirtualBox aren't meant for gaming so depending on the game you're playing, performance may not be very good.
    1
  736. Yes. The VM will take up RAM and CPU when it is powered on. If it is off, it won't take up those resources but it will still take up storage space.
    1
  737. You can try but it may not work too well. It largely depends on the hardware you give your vm as well as the quality of the video among other factors.
    1
  738. What do you mean?
    1
  739. If you installed Proxmox on the existing drive on your PC, that means everything was wiped from it and only Proxmox is installed. No way to go back to your old Windows install. You'll need to reinstall Windows. Hope you had a backup otherwise all your data is gone.....
    1
  740. No... he has no control over any service. If you can't get your account back through Instagram's support, you're out of luck.
    1
  741. Yes. That is a standard procedure when you're installing an operating system or hypervisor on a computer. You can access your server outside of your home network. The best way to do this is via VPN. You'll need to setup a VPN server inside of your home network and configure your router (port forwarding) so that you can access your home network. You could, in theory, port forward the ports used by your hypervisor server, but in practice this is a terrible idea from a security perspective. VPN is a better way to do this.
    1
  742. ??? That doesn't make any sense in relation to this video.....
    1
  743. The CompTIA is a more general networking certification. If you have your CCNA, you should already be familiar with the network concepts. The Net+ doesn't go nearly as deep as the CCNA does in terms of networking. It also isn't vendor-specific.
    1
  744. That's normal. You have to keep in mind that Kali Linux is a security-oriented Linux distro. It has tools built-in that are considered "hacking tools" or malware by the very nature of what they're meant to be used for.
    1
  745. What exactly are you trying to install? Ubuntu? Kali? What?
    1
  746. Same overall concept. The main difference is that you substitute the Linux ISO for a Windows one. Plenty of videos on YT showing you how to install Windows on a virtual machine.
    1
  747. VBox is free and open source software....
    1
  748. Kinda helps to have more information... What computer do you have? Error message?
    1
  749. You can run older software that may not work on newer versions of Windows. You can use it to test out software that may be suspicious. For most average PC users, there's probably not much use case for one, but its still a cool thing to try out and learn.
    1
  750. Yes, but you should take the proper precautions to isolate your host/guest systems. Do note that some viruses can detect if they'[re running in a virtual environment and will refuse to run which can lead to a false negative.
    1
  751. There aren't any. Each vm you create will have its own virtual network adapter with a virtual MAC address.
    1
  752. When you send a ping, your computer creates an IP packet and a data frame. The data frame contains the MAC address of your PC (source) and the destination PC. When the data frame reaches the switch, it only cares about the MAC address.
    1
  753. Sometimes you need the dedicated circuit for the best network performance.
    1
  754. ?? You don't install them as "RAR". What exactly did you download?
    1
  755. There should be a label/text button somewhere in the toolbar.
    1
  756. That's kind of true. IF you have a smaller subnet, you have less available hosts which can potentially limit unnecessary and/or suspicious devices. In reality we use subnets to break networks down into smaller sections to make more efficient use of IP space.
    1
  757. That would be a type-1 hypervisor like Microsoft Hyper-V, VMware ESXi, or Proxmox. You basically install the hypervisor and then manage and create your vms through the web interface.
    1
  758. Yes you can do that. What you do on the VM will have no effect on your real computer.
    1
  759. You don't, at least not yet. There is no public version of VBox for M1 chips.
    1
  760. Give the virtual machine more disk space. This is a 3 year old video so the system requirements likely have changed over time.
    1
  761. Just keep in mind that a type 1 hypervisor means that you're dedicating a computer (or server) to be a virtual machine manager. This means you can't really use the hypervisor as a computer. You will connect to the hypervisor with another PC via the web management interface to create and use your virtual machines.
    1
  762. You have to understand the OSI model, specifically layers 1-3. Switches are used to connect devices in a network segment together. A router is used to connect a network to another network.
    1
  763. These types of routers typically have 2 network interfaces. 1 interface connects to 1 network (and has its own MAC) and the other interface connects the other network which also has its own MAC.
    1
  764. What does that even mean? "Put thru winzip???
    1
  765. Its possible, but unlikely you'll get a networking job right out of the gate without hands-on network experience. You usually start from the bottom: Help desk/IT support then work your way up.
    1
  766. He mentions it at 3:20. Its a PacketTracer file and the download is in the description.
    1
  767.  @rjaph842  What happens when you click on the link?
    1
  768.  @rjaph842  I'm not sure if my comments are shadow banned. Anyways, what happens if you clik on the l1nk for the packet tracer file
    1
  769. Can't you buy your own cable modem? I have Comcast and use my own modem. I run a network cable from my modem to my pfSense's "WAN" interface and another cable to my switch. Unless your ISP has restrictions on not being able to use your own modem, you should be fine.
    1
  770. Nightmare? You most likely didn't download the correct thing. What exactly did you download from the downloads page? If you chose the virtual machine option, gives you the option to download the VM for VMware or for VirtualBox. If you chose the VBox option, it will download an OVA file. This is a pre-built VM that you just import into VBox. no need to go through the install process.
    1
  771. There is none. Apple does not give you a UEFI to mess around with. You don't need to do anything in BIOS on a Mac computer. As long as you have a compatible Intel Mac, you should just be able to install VBox on it.
    1
  772.  @agastyaadesh7848  so what do you need help with exactly?
    1
  773. Depends on the phone and type of server you need.
    1
  774. Your virtual machine will have as much storage as you allocate to its virtual hard disk. If you create a 200 GB virtual hard disk, then your VM will have up to 200 GB of space.
    1
  775. You don't have to, but its a common beginner Linux distro.
    1
  776. What do you mean by that?
    1
  777. pfSense will take the place of your router if you decide to use it. It won't necessarily have anything to do with your Windows server and pihole.
    1
  778. Its a cloud service. You can run a virtual machine in the cloud, so yes its a similar concept.
    1
  779. Well there are underground cables. A lot of places have underground utilities.
    1
  780. Yep
    1
  781. You should be able to remote into your VM if its setup that way. For instance, with Windows, you can use Remote Desktop to connect to your virtual Windows system from another device.
    1
  782.  @kit7412  Yes. Your VMs will be able to connect to a Windows domain environment.
    1
  783. I would look for at least 16 GB of RAM if you're going to be running a lot of RAM hungry VMs simultaneously, a decent quad core Intel or AMD CPU and at least 512GB of NVMe SSD storage, preferably 1 TB.
    1
  784. Yep. It would technically be the IP address of the web server and not a DNS address. DNS address would refer to the DNS server. As you will quickly realize, its not easy or ideal to type in numbers, that's why we have domain names.
    1
  785. LOL. I once managed to teach my sister how to convert between binary and decimal and even tried to teach her some basic subnetting. She understood the math behind it, but didn't really understand the point of subnets.
    1
  786. It only "acts" as a hub when a broadcast frame is sent.
    1
  787. What does that have to do with this video????
    1
  788. Not to be negative, but NWC still has a lot of work to do. He's a very good presenter, but his information (at least on this CCNA series) is still very incomplete and superficial. Its great if you want to learn the basics of networking, but his series name is misleading at its current state. There is still a lot (and I do mean a lot) of material he hasn't gone over which is important for the CCNA exam. At its current state, its impossible for anyone to pass the CCNA with only this CCNA series.
    1
  789. You will most likely need to give the virtual machine more storage. The system requirements have changed over the past 2 years. I would go with at least 50 GB of storage.
    1
  790. If you have a powerful server you can run many virtual machines without much performance loss. Just depends on the use case. In the IT world, we use virtualization a lot as it can help with costs. Servers can be very expensive. Instead of buying physical servers for every service you need, you can buy a few servers and run multiple services on them like file servers, web servers, dhcp servers, etc.
    1
  791. No IT certification really guarantees a job. However, it can increase your chances of getting your job; its not the only factor though. You have to see what requirements a company has for that job.
    1
  792. You have to install the virtualbox guest additions first. Once you do that, it should automatically scale the resolution. Exact instructions depends on the guest system you install.
    1
  793. Not necessarily. Pinging, in computer networking, just sends an IP packet to a remote host to determine if said host is reachable. When you visit the website via web browser, there are more things going on behind the scenes in order to request the website and then download it along with the required assets.
    1
  794. What version did you download? If you download the VM version from the page, then that's not an ISO. That's an OVA file and you would need to import that into VBox. If you want the ISO, you will need to choose the bare metal option from the download page.
    1
  795. Yes. When the VM is powered off, it won't take any resources other than storage.
    1
  796. My question is why would you use a work device for things that are not work related?? Is this a personal device you bought for work use or is it a work-owned device? If its the latter, can't help you with that.
    1
  797. There hasn't been originality on YT thumbnails for many years. Most of these channels do it for clicks and views.
    1
  798. He has a PacketTracer Lab file in the description.
    1
  799. What is "the thing"?
    1
  800. @ShinyBlob Kinda hard to help if you don't even understand what you need help with.... An ISO file is a disk image. In other words, its a digital copy of a disk. It is commonly used to install operating systems without burning a disc. You download the ISO file of whatever OS you want to install and then attach it to your VM's virtual DVD drive. This is the virtual equivalent of physically placing a disc inside of a DVD drive. You then power on the VM and proceed with the install process. There are also pre-made virtual machine files. SO instead of going through the install process, you just import the pre-packaged system and open it and it launches to a desktop. I don't know what system you're trying to install though.
    1
  801. @ShinyBlob You can get ISOs for Windows 10 & 11 directly from Microsoft. Simple Google search will show you.
    1
  802. You could probably learn a lot of this without a computer, but it just makes things much easier if you have one. You don't need anything fancy, just as long as it works. I would avoid Chromebooks. Although they are quite inexpensive they are very limited in what they can do.
    1
  803.  @OrareEt  That's not true. Your VM will have a different private IP address than your host system, but it will still have the same public facing address. After all, your VM's internet traffic goes through your home router just like any of your other devices.
    1
  804.  @financial.freedom85  When you create the virtual machine, part of the process will be to create a virtual hard disk file. There's an option in there that lets you create a fixed virtual hard disk file. What that means is that the virtual hard disk file will be created with that capacity. In other words, if you create a 150 GB virtual hard disk, VirtualBox will create a 150 GB file which is the virtual hard disk. This is in contrast to the dynamic (and default) option where the virtual hard disk file is small at first and grows as you start adding data to it. Though I don't understand why you want to do it this way. If you don't care about the data, you can just delete the virtual machine after you are done working with it. You will get all the storage back. You can then create a new virtual machine and play around with it like you did the first one. Probably a better solution is to create your virtual machine first and set it up the way you want. You can then create a clone of that virtual machine, play around with it. once you're done, delete the clone and then create a new one. As for your last question, that doesn't make sense either. The amount of space you use has nothing to do with days or time. it just depends now hat you're doing. You can fill up a 150 GB drive in minutes if you really want, or you can take days or weeks to ever fill it up. It just depends on what you're doing.
    1
  805. What do you mean? You create a Netacad account and enroll in the Packet Tracer course and then download it.
    1
  806. You don't. There is no Apple Silicon version of VirtualBox.
    1
  807. Look up NAT. There are 2 main kinds of IPv4 addresses: Private and public. Private IP addresses are only used inside of your network. Public IP addresses are routable, that means they can be used on the internet. Your ISP assigns your router a single public IP address. Routers have something called NAT (Network Address Translation) that allows multiple devices inside of your home network to talk to the internet with a single public IP address. That's more or less the gist of it.
    1
  808. That doesn't tell me much. Intel Core i5 has been around for nearly 15 years. There have been many generations of i5 CPUs.... The graphics card is irrelevant also.
    1
  809. Likely not. Latency is mainly determined by your internet connection and how far away the servers you are connecting.
    1
  810. You might need to make the virtual hard disk larger; say 50-100 GB.
    1
  811. That does work. Having it as a vm makes it more convenient as you don't have to plug in the drive and restart your computer. You just open VirtualBox and start the Kali VM. Either option works perfectly fine for most use cases.
    1
  812.  @networkchucksupport1705  Get lost scammer.
    1
  813. IT, in this context, refers to Information Technology. Its a very broad field that deals with computers and technology.
    1
  814. You'll need to move the VM's files to your D: drive. You may need to then tell VirtualBox where the new location is, otherwise, it will still think its in its original location.
    1
  815. The destination MAC address in the frame is FF:FF:FF:FF:FF (this is known as the broadcast MAC address). Yes you're correct in that the switch can't read IP addresses, but the frame has that broadcast address which causes the switch to send that frame to all devices plugged into it.
    1
  816. You don't necessarily need a CCNA to work in cyber security. If you're not planning on working that much with networks, I would look for Network+ video trainings as they're more generic. CCNA training is intended for people who want to get a Cisco certification and/or want to work in computer networking with Cisco equipment.
    1
  817. If its an Intel Mac, it will work. Apple Silicon Macs (M1/M2) are not supported.
    1
  818. You have to scroll to the right.
    1
  819. What laptop are you using? Model number? OS your laptop is running?
    1
  820. Do you have a dualboot setup on that computer? In other words, are Windows and Ubuntu installed on that same computer?
    1
  821. Not sure what you're trying to ask.
    1
  822. For most home use cases, that's good enough. If you insist, consider looking at a firewall solution that has IDS/IPS. Do note that a lot of this stuff isn't plug and play. You really need to have a good understanding of computer networking to set it up correctly. Its way overkill for the majority of home users. Keeping your computers and router software updated as well as having a strong wifi password is usually good enough for home users.
    1
  823. If you're doing things by the book, you're still supposed to observe all licensing agreements. That means you have to pay for a license from Microsoft. unofficially, Microsoft will let you run W10/11 indefinitely w/o a product key. You won't be able to personalize the Windows install (like changing the wallpaper and taskbar color), and a watermark appears. But other than that, everything else will work the same as if you paid for the license. In reality, most people aren't buying Windows license just to install Windows on a virtual machine.
    1
  824. Its like turning off a physical computer. Once you shut down the virtual machine, no one can do anything on it since its powered off. Just like if you have a powered off computer, its not doing anything. If your VM is 'compromised' and you start it up again, its possible said 'hacker' could still have access to it. But the thing you do is delete the virtual machine and create a new one.
    1
  825. Good luck. I strongly suggest other resources. NWC's "CCNA" series is extremely incomplete.
    1
  826.  @kingofapirate  CCNA is a good certificate if you want to get into Cisco networking. You'll need to look at the price for your country. The Net+ is also decent, but doesn't hold as much weight as the CCNA.
    1
  827. Yes, but the main difference is that PC sends a broadcast frame because it doesn't know PC2's MAC address (for instance) and the switch sends that broadcast to all ports; hubs send all frames to all ports regardless of it being a broadcast or unicast message. That's what makes hubs inefficient and practically unused in modern networks.
    1
  828. You have to keep in mind that Proxmox is a type-1 hypervisor. That means that it takes the place of your operating system and you would need to use another computer to access your VMs and manage them. With this setup, you will be dedicating your computer to just virtual machines. For your use case, its best if you run a type-2 hypervisor like VirtualBox or VMware Player. These are programs you install like any other program and can run virtual machines alongside your host system. This way, you don't have to worry about formatting your drives and loosing any data.
    1
  829. at your own risk ;)
    1
  830. What do you mean?
    1
  831. Most likely need to give the VM more storage.
    1
  832. Can you clarify your question?
    1
  833. I have a co-worker who worked as a network admin years ago. He had his CCNA until it lapsed years ago. He also hated the wording of the questions. They're almost written to trick you. Sometimes the questions have different correct answers, but you have to select the "Cisco correct" answer.
    1
  834. The device manufacturer assigns a MAC address to device's network adapter at the time the device is built.
    1
  835. Most residential ISPs will sell/give/rent you a gateway device which is almost always a modem, router, and wifi in one unit. Its not common to get just a modem from your provider. You can still usually buy stand-alone cable modems (though cable modem/router combo units are more common) at most electronics stores.
    1
  836. You'll have to see if your ISP supports that.
    1
  837. Routers typically have 2 interfaces: LAN and WAN and they both have MAC addresses. When you send a packet from your PC to your router, it actually arrives at the LAN interface. Internally, the router sends that packet from LAN interface to the WAN interface which causes the MAC address to change from the LAN's interface to the WAN's interface.
    1
  838. What kind of Mac? If it has an M1/M2 CPU, it won't work. There is no public release of VBox that works on those CPUs, though I believe they are working on it.
    1
  839. Kali Linux is a security-oriented distribution. Its meant for people who want to learn hacking. If you are not interested in computer security, it will not be of use to you.
    1
  840. You can, but it is not supported and not all that easy to get setup. There are plenty of videos on YT showing you how to install macOS in a vm.
    1
  841. You would need to use a VPN service.
    1
  842. No. There's still too much information missing to be considered a CCNA course. Its incomplete. I suggest watching Jeremy's IT Lab. He may not be as exciting as Chuck, but his series is complete and informative.
    1
  843. lmfao dude. Of course. What is illegal about learning about networks? Linux is used world-wide.
    1
  844. Which part of the video are you asking about?
    1
  845. LOL. Calm down there dude. If you have to ask this, you probably are not ready to be playing with this kind of stuff. Not very smart.
    1
  846. It would be unlikely.
    1
  847. No, Kali is not absolutely required. If you're not interested in learning penetration testing/hacking, it will be of no use to you.
    1
  848. Is it an Intel or Apple Silicon Mac? (M1? M2? etc?) If its Apple Silicon, then there's no official version of VirtualBox for Apple Silicon. You'll need to use an alternative like Parallels or VMware fusion
    1
  849. Nope. The MAC address is a layer 2 concept of the OSI model.
    1
  850. I suggest using videos from David Bombal and/or Jeremy's IT lab. NWC is a good presenter, but his video series, as-is, is very far from being complete. Your CCNA course will go much more in-depth than NWC's current videos. He hasn't even gone over how to setup a Cisco router and a switch, which is kind of important if you're studying for CCNA. He hasn't really gone over any of the Cisco-specific stuff nor many other important network concepts.
    1
  851. A router's job is to connect networks together and route (hence the name) IP packets. A modem connects your network your internet provider's network via phone line (if on Dial Up or DSL) or coaxial cable (if using cable internet service) or wireless (if using a mobile hotspot device or satellite internet). In most typical home and small business networks, the router and modem are 1 unit usually called a gateway or other fancy marketing name. In larger and more complex networks, the modem is usually a separate device that the ISP installs at your main data closet or room.
    1
  852. Of course dude.
    1
  853.  @bryantfoo9816  I don't know. I'm sure there are plenty of tutorials that show you how to install it.
    1
  854. Virtual machines are not exactly meant for gaming. The virtual GPU is generally good enough for basic tasks and that's it. There are some ways you can passthrough a GPU, but it gets more advanced and you need a dedicated GPU. A virtual machine is not a substitute for real hardware. If your PC by itself cannot run games, a VM much less will be able to.
    1
  855. What edition of Windows do you have? Windows 10 Home doesn't have those features. The closest you can get without upgrading to W10 Pro is to use VirtualBox or VMware Player
    1
  856. I would to, but Comcast charges $15/month for their gateway rental. That's on top of the internet cost. In the 4 years I've had the service, I would have spent over $700 in rental fees.
    1
  857. If you're referring to 4:53, that's normal. You can make 2 distinct networks on a single router. That is what is called a subnet. I think he just showed it in this way for simplicity.
    1
  858. An OVA file is a pre-packaged virtual appliance. That means that you just import that file into VBox and it will handle the rest for you; no need to install since its already pre-built. If you had downloaded the ISO then you would go through the install process which is similar to what he does in the video.
    1
  859. ​ @Spidotje  That's a weird problem. Try running VirtualBox as an administrator and see if that helps.
    1
  860. You probably need to make the VM's hard drive larger. I'd go with at least 20 GB.
    1
  861. If your mouse and keyboard are connected next to each other, try moving one of the devices to another USB port and see if that helps.
    1
  862. What do you mean by "sharing the device"?
    1
  863. If only it were that simple. I graduated high school in late 2014 and they didn't offer any vouchers or anything IT related.
    1
  864. The switch is a layer 2 device and doesn't understand what an IP address is. There are layer 3 switches that can deal with IP routing, but that's a different story. Say you have a small network of 5 PCs - PC-1 - PC-5. Each has its own IP address assigned and you want PC-1 to ping PC-4. When you ping, PC-1, first sends an ARP broadcast message. This message basically asks what the MAC address of x IP address is. In this case, it is asking for PC-4's MAC address. The broadcast message arrives at the switch. As I mentioned, the layer 2 switch doesn't understand IP addresses, but it looks at the destination MAC address. Broadcast frames are FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF. This tells the switch to forward that frame to all ports. So PC-2,PC-3, PC-4, and PC-5 all receive that broadcast frame. All computers except for PC-4 drop this broadcast. PC-4 responds to PC--1 with its MAC address. PC-1 learns this MAC address and can then send the ping message to PC-4.
    1
  865. user error
    1
  866. Because you can use laptops almost the same as desktop computers.
    1
  867. Hard to say exactly why its happening. It could be a problem with your internet connection, an antivirus/anti-malware program interfering with the connection, a virus or malware, or browser's history/cache or a bad browser extension.
    1
  868. Running a vm will take up resources on your host system. It depends on your physical hardware and what virtual specs your guest OS has.
    1
  869. You'll need to convert both the IP and subnet mask to binary. Then you will need to perform a logical operation called "ANDing". In short, if each bit in the IP and subnet mask are the same, you write down that number: ie 1 & 1 = 1; 0 & 0 = 0 If the numbers don't match, then you write a 0. Once you finish, you will get the IP in binary. Convert it back to decimal and you should get 172.16.45.12 which is the network address. IP: 10101100 00010000 00101101 00000111 SN: 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111100 10101100 00010000 00101101 00000100 172.16.45
    1
  870. Check to see if your school district has any IT tech internship or IT job shadowing opportunities. School IT support is a pretty good way to get started in the industry. Just like any job, it has its ups and downs. I work in school IT support for a local district. There are days where everything is going fine (sometimes too well), and then at times everything decides to break at once and everyone needs everything fixed right now. Its a roller coaster.
    1
  871. An ISO image is a digital copy of a disk. In the realm of computers and IT, ISOs are used to distribute things like operating systems instead of burning them to a physical disk. You attach the ISO to the VM's DVD drive so that it appears (to the VM) as if you had inserted a disk containing the OS. That way, the VM can boot up from the ISO file to install the system. There's an alternative to using an ISO file which is a pre-built VM called an OVA file or similar. This is a pre-built system that you just import into VBox and it handles the rest automatically. you don't have to go through the install process. Just important and once its done, you can start the VM and its ready for use. It doesn't really matter which way you do it. You'll get the same result if you install via ISO, but it just takes some more steps and time to install.
    1
  872. Incorrect. Most home routers have a network switch built in. Look at your router. If it has multiple ethernet ports (usually labeled LAN or simply with a number), then that means it has a built-in switch.
    1
  873. ACLs are layer 3 concepts since they work with IP addresses. As such, a switch can't work with ACLs unless you have a layer 3 switch. You can more or less think of ACLs as stateless firewalls. That basically means it allows/denies traffic purely based on IP, IP range, subnet, or port depending on how your ACLs are configured. So yes, it will work as a firewall, but it may be best to have an actual firewall, be it software/hardware.
    1
  874. It is free, but far from "professional". Not to talk bad about the guy, but his series is very far from being complete. I don't think its fair for him to call it "CCNA" if there isn't much Cisco-specific stuff here. The information is great, but he hasn't gone over the Cisco specific things you need to know for the CCNA. He hasn't even gone over how to setup a Cisco router and a switch.
    1
  875. How much RAM does your host system have? Short of disabling unneeded programs and services, there isn't usually a whole lot else you can do other than installing more RAM.
    1
  876. Well Kali is a security-oriented distribution. It has many tools that are considered "viruses" or hack type programs. You should be able to add an exclusion in WD so that it doesn't flag it as a virus or malware. Kali itself isn't a virus. It just has many tools that could be used for illegitimate purposes as well as legitimate purposes.
    1
  877. I'm not sure what you mean.
    1
  878. The system requirements of systems change over time. So if you're trying to follow exactly the steps he shows in the video, it may not work due the guest OS needing more disk space. I would give it at least 25 GB of space instead of the 10 GB he suggests.
    1
  879. The idea is that you dedicate that PC to be the virtual server. Once you set it up, you don't directly interact with it. You manage it on a different computer via its web interface.
    1
  880. Either one will work. If you want to go through the install process, you go with the ISO file. If you want the pre-built system go with that one. Either one works the same.
    1
  881. You can use a VPN connection, but you still have your same IP from your provider. Its just that it gets 'masked' behind the VPN's server's IP address. Other than that, there's no other feasible way to get another public IP. If you have a business internet account, you may be able to purchase a block of IPs, but that depends on your provider.
    1
  882. "installing as an iso file". not quite sure what that means. What did you download?
    1
  883. It is most likely due to the CPU. That's a pretty weak CPU. Not really much you can do.
    1
  884.  @acedeccani400  I don't have any particular model of CPU to buy, but I would strongly recommend looking into a modern Ryzen or Intel CPU with at least 4 cores.
    1
  885. You have to create a Cisco Netacad or "Skills for All" account and then login with it. Its an annoying requirement IMO.
    1
  886. lmao. Its not that serious my dude.
    1
  887. And just so you know, Apple isn't a great company either. They're a horrible and unethical company that green washes. You know how they care so much about the planet yet they make their computers and phones impractical to repair without the appropriate tools that only they have? Apple goes to great lengths to make sure that you cannot change the screen on your phone and not get a "not genuine" message. What a joke.
    1
  888. They do. Its called Hyper-V. Its not meant for regular home users though.
    1
  889. The VM will take up as much space as it needs. So for instance, by default, vm virtual discs will be thin provisioned. That means that the virtual hard disk file will only take the amount of space you currently have stored. So if when you install Kali linux, the entire install takes up 10 GB of space, the virtual hard disk file will be 10GB in size. It will not take up the entire 60 GB of space on your hard drive unless you 60 GB worth of files to the VM. If you did a thick provision, then the virtual hard disk file will be as large as you set it; which means it would be a 60 GB file even if you have less than 60 GB worth of files.
    1
  890. ?? This is just a video on VirtualBox. ESXi is a different thing and it is not discontinued. Maybe the version you have on your server is discontinued and out of support. You can use Proxmox which is like ESXi but is free and open source.
    1
  891. There are some rare instances of viruses and malware being able to escape from a virtual machine. If you're that worried about it, you may want to dedicated a physical machine just for testing malware on it. In most cases, you will be fine as long as you take proper precautions to isolate your host and guest systems as much as possible.
    1
  892. Of course dude. The VM's network traffic still goes through your home router so it will have the same public IP address. If you want a different IP address on your VM, you'll need to run some sort of VPN on it or use another connection like a phone hotspot/USB tethering.
    1
  893. 🤣🤣🤣Well it isn't any phishing attempt. Its an educational video. 🤣
    1
  894. lmao doofus. Not everyone knows how virtual machines work you know 🙄 🙄 🙄
    1
  895. What are you trying to run? As the error suggests, whatever file path you're entering doesn't exist.
    1
  896. That's not necessarily true. There are some rare instances where viruses have broken out of virtual machines.
    1
  897. lmao. What's a scam?
    1
  898. Does your laptop only have 1.5 GB of RAM total? If so, this will likely not run well, especially if you're trying to run Windows virtual machines. You won't mess up your laptop, but it simply cannot handle it with only 1.5 GB of RAM. It will be too slow.
    1
  899.  @EndPiglin  No harm in trying it, but like I said, the performance likely wont' be very good with only 1.5 GB of RAM.
    1
  900. Do you have any IT knowledge, like PC repair or Windows troubleshooting knowledge? If not, I would start with IT fundamentals. CCNA is not exactly an entry-level IT cert. It greatly helps to already be familiar with using a computer at a intermediate level.
    1
  901. I don't understand your issue. Have you already installed a guest system in Virtual Box?
    1
  902. Your PC sends a broadcast frame. This frame is received by the switch and then resent to the other devices connected to the switch. All devices instead of the intended recipient will ignore the frame. When the intended recipient gets the frame, it will then respond back to your PC with its IP address. Your PC learns the MAC address it its ARP table (MAC address to IP address mapping). Switches do not understand IP address (unless we're talking about layer 3 switches, but that's a different topic).
    1
  903. There's no official way. You will need to enable Linux support on your device and then install the Debian version of VBox. Do note that its not officially supported and you may need to perform other tasks to get it to work. Also note that most Chromebooks aren't very powerful so the performance of a VM (assuming you can get it to work) may not be very good.
    1
  904. I suppose in theory you could do that. In reality, its not going to work. All current network devices are designed to work with either IPv4 and IPv6. If you create your own standard, it won't work with any current devices unless they are updated to support your new standard which is not going to happen. Things would need to be re-designed in order to support a new standard. And what about devices/software that are obsolete or from manufacturers that don't exist anymore?
    1
  905. Its not really part of the CCNA course.
    1
  906. Routers typically 2 interfaces: A LAN and WAN. All interfaces have a MAC address.
    1
  907. I don't know how much you currently know about IT and computers. If you haven't already, and are able to, build a few PCs. You don't need to build fancy or high-end systems. Pretty much any PC that you can build can help you in learning the parts of a PC and how they work is beneficial. Before I built my first PC, I would get an old PC I had laying around and just take it apart completely and put it back together. You also want to start learning about troubleshooting and fixing PCs. There are plenty of books, guides, videos,etc that you can use as resources. If your high school has a PC repair class, consider taking it. Once you're comfortable enough in fixing PCs you can start moving onto other things like computer networking, servers, etc.
    1
  908. If you want to work with Cisco networking equipment, having a CCNA can help increase your chances of getting a decent paying networking job.
    1
  909. There isn't one as it isn't the topic at hand. Generally, the router connects to the modem via ethernet cable.
    1
  910. That's perfectly fine.
    1
  911. By definitions, routers don't have wifi. Practically all consumer-level routers from the past 17 years or so have wi-fi built in, but enterprise and more advanced routers are stand-alone devices. pfsense likely has many, many more advanced networking options than your $500 router has. Whether or not it matters is up to you. The vast majority of people will likely never take advantage of even a fraction of all of the features and options pfsense has.
    1
  912. I doubt it. If there is any performance benefit, It will likely be negligible.
    1
  913. I have no idea what you're trying to ask....
    1
  914. What does the exact error say?
    1
  915. It doesn't matter. Some routers/ISPs use different IP ranges for reasons don't know why. In the end, as long as you know what ports you need to forward and to what IP addresses, that's all that matters.
    1
  916.  @PekmezV2  IPconfig will show you the list of network adapters on your PC as well as their network config. Look for the network adapter you want. If its wifi, for instance, it should say something like "Wireless LAN adapters Wi-Fi" or similar. That should be the IP address of your network adapter. Make sure you type it in correctly on your router's port forward settings.
    1
  917.  @PekmezV2  I'm not really sure. Most likely is a weird issue on your router side.
    1
  918. Make sure the "Enable EFI" box is checked in the VM's settings.
    1
  919. Its in the bare metal section.
    1
  920. Yes. Its the same waves they use to send the COVID virus to everyone. lmfao 🤣🤣🤣🤣
    1
  921. Its possible, but unlikely. There are some viruses that can detect if they're running in a virtual environment, and even try to escape, but they are quite rare. What is more likely is that you get a virus that detects its running on a VM. Those that are programmed that way will not do anything to try to evade detection.
    1
  922. You can kind of do that, but I don't think both people can be using the computer at the same time. In other words, only 1 person would be able to use the vm or the real PC at once. You can't both be working at the same time.
    1
  923. Probably not. This series is intended to be for Cisco certification. It is far from complete and is not exactly specific to firewalls. It is of great benefit to understand how networks work to understand firewalls, though. I would look for other resources like Jeremey's IT lab. It may not be as 'exciting' and 'upbeat' as this video series, but it is more informational and more complete.
    1
  924. If you're talking about the same public IP, then that's normal. All traffic goes through your main router so it will have the same public IP address.
    1
  925.  @JulioCesar-nh3hm  The command prompt on PacketTracer is not full featured. I don't believe there's a way to clear the command line
    1
  926. Most IT jobs don't require much math past basic arithmetic. With computer networking, you will need to understand how the binary and hexadecimal number systems work to understand IPv4 (binary) and IPv6 and MAC addresses (hexadecimal). There is some logic involved with things like Bitwise operations, but it really isn't that hard to understand once you see a few examples.
    1
  927. lmao.... Beautiful??????
    1
  928. Give your virtual hard disk more space. You have to keep in mind that this is a 2 year old video. The requirements for systems change over time.
    1
  929. I've been running VBox for over a decade and never had a problem like that where the host OS gets corrupted. Hard to say what it was. It may have been a coincidence. Who knows.
    1
  930. Probably the best thing is to do a clean install of Windows. Make a backup of any important files first, then a clean install. There's usually not much to do with a printer in terms of security. If you really are paranoid about, do a factory reset and change any default administrative passwords on it if it is on the network. Maybe check to see if there are any updates to its firmware.
    1
  931. I'm not entirely sure how to troubleshoot this, but I would first make sure you ahve your internal network setup as well as NAT. You have to keep in mind Cisco routers don't work out of the box; they need to be configured with the LAN network, WAN network, NAT and some other settings.
    1
  932. I believe in a way, APs do work similar to hubs, but there is more complexity going on.
    1
  933. Presumably, you give yourself permission so you should be fine. Do note that most cellphones have pretty good encryption and security mechanisms so it will be difficult to get into a password locked phone. As far as your computer, if its a Windows computer, there are ways to get around Windows' security.
    1
  934. You're probably better off buying a new drive. While rare, there are some rootkits that can embed themselves pretty good in hard drives.
    1
  935. I'm confused too... This video has nothing to do with what you're confused about....
    1
  936. Yes. You could technically get rid of the switch and plug in the PC directly into the router. In practice, we don't do it this way since networks usually have multiple computers and devices connected to a network. In your scenario, only that PC that is plugged in would be able to connect to the internet.
    1
  937. That depends entirely on the guest system requirements. I would recommend at least 2 cores per guest. Heavier systems like W10/11 may not run very well with less than 4 cores.
    1
  938. Windows yes and no. You can download the media creation tool from MS and download the W10/11 ISO for free. If you're doing things by the book, you have to pay for a windows license. MS lets you unofficially run Windows w/o a product key, but you won't be able to personalize your PC and a watermark will appear. Other than that, everything else will work fine. Apple on the other hand doesn't distribute their OS as ISOs. They can only officially be downloaded through the Mac App Store. They don't allow anyone to use macOS on a non-Apple computer. You can still do it, but it's not all that easy and straightforward.
    1
  939. If you have a wi-fi adapter plugged into the host PC and do a USB pass-through, sure. It will appear as a USB wifi adapter to the guest system.
    1
  940. You can try, but it most likely won't work well. VirtualBox isn't really meant for this use case.
    1
  941. Yes. That is actually a potential problem. I believe there are some ways to mitigate or prevent it, but I"m not too familiar with them. I'm sure there are plenty of articles online showing how to identify and stop an ARP spoofing attack.
    1
  942. I work in school IT support and concur.
    1
  943. If your host PC is powered off, none of your VMs will be accessible. If you want a dedicated server you can keep on just for VMs, you want to look into a type 1 hypervisor like ESXi, Hyper-V, Proxmox, etc.
    1
  944. Every BIOS is different in terms of layout and options. It may have a different name or be in a different section.
    1
  945. Right click the VM entry, and click on "remove"
    1
  946. That's correct. I'm assuming its just for demonstration purposes that it shows the ARP info.
    1
  947. The CCNA is primarily intended for people who are interested in a career in computer networking and for people who will be working with Cisco equipment. You can take the certification, but it likely won't help you that much, at least the Cisco-specific stuff. At the end of the day, its your choice, If you're not going to be a network administrator programming routers and switches, I don't think its that important to get the certification.
    1
  948. Its probably easier and faster to just reinstall the OS on your vm than trying to find a way around the password.
    1
  949. It is. You may want to watch a couple of videos on how to setup one up correctly though.
    1
  950. Not sure what you mean by deactivated....
    1
  951. Its kind of a gem. The issue I see with his videos is that he explains very good the very beginner stuff. Once you get past the basics, he doesn't go much deeper than that. Its ok to learn the basics, but you will really need to find better resources to learn more. He calls this a CCNA series yet there's hardly any Cisco-specific information. And for the CCNA, it is crucial to know the Cisco stuff. He hasn't even gone over how to setup a Cisco router or switch.
    1
  952. of course
    1
  953. No real way of knowing unless you can ask someone in the IT dept. Even then they may or may not tell you.
    1
  954. I doubt it will work. I don't believe there's an Apple Silicon version of Virtual Box just yet. The closest I've heard is using Parallels, but its not free.
    1
  955. That's normal. If a lot of people connect to a website like google from the same IP address frequently, Google sees this as a bit suspicious. That's why you get that verification check. Nothing you can do about it other than not using the VPN.
    1
  956. Not sure what you're asking. If you're installing a virtual machine, nothing happens to your main system. You have to remember: A virtual machine is basically a computer running inside of your computer. You can install a new system on your VM, and it won't affect your host system.
    1
  957.  @_999_  Nah dude. If you're testing viruses on a virtual machine, you should take the appropriate precautions to isolate your host and guest systems as much as possible. If you don't know how to do that, you clearly aren't ready to be testing viruses or malware. lmao. What does "that will trigger enough the network" even mean???
    1
  958. No. You don't need internet on your computer to use a VM other than to first download VirtualBox and any OS ISOs you want.
    1
  959. macOS does not run on any computer that isn't a Mac. You could in theory install macOS on a virtual machine, but it will be a massive PITA. There are tons of guides and videos showing you how to do this, but it likely won't be easy. I haven't used it, but you can try a free program called PhotoRec which can attempt data recovery.
    1
  960. I think you're referring to a modem. Xfinity is a cable ISP so if you want to use a 3rd party modem, you have to buy a modem that works with your service. They have a list of compatible devices based on where you live and your internet service. You can buy a standalone modem or a gateway box which includes a router and modem in one device. If you plan using an aftermarket router, buy a stand-alone modem. That way you don't have to deal with having 2 modems in a network which can cause some problems.
    1
  961. You can try doing that. Just note that virtualbox is not meant for 3D gaming. You can try it, but it may or may not work especially if you're trying to run very intense 3D games. It won't hurt anything, but just don't expect it to work correctly.
    1
  962.  @super_kenil  You'll need to install the virtualbox guest additions drivers. This usually helps with graphics performance as well as letting you get automatic full screen. But as I said earlier, the gaming performance inside a virtual machine may not be great.
    1
  963. Give the virtual machine more disk space. This is a 3 year old video so the system requirements likely have changed over time.
    1
  964. Of course.
    1
  965. The UniFi software only works with Ubiquiti hardware. Different manufacturers usually have their own controller software.
    1
  966. When you plug in a network device into a switch, the switch learns that device's MAC address and records it in the CAM table. Layer 2 switches have no concepts of ARP broadcast messages. They just work with data frames and MAC addresses.
    1
  967. Can you explain?
    1
  968. No. If its powered off, it will not take up any RAM.
    1
  969. Not quite. The Android software on your phone is designed to run on ARM CPUs and not x86-64 like Intel/AMD CPUs. There is a project called Android-x86 which allows you to to run Android on a regular computer, but it won't be the exact Samsung experience.
    1
  970. What part of the video are you asking about?
    1
  971. YouTube is flooded with videos like that.
    1
  972. You're in the wrong video dude. I suggest starting with basic computer knowledge videos. There are many videos and guides out there. You can then start looking into more advanced topics once you have a general idea of computers.
    1
  973. The modem more or less acts as a bridge between your network and your ISP's network. It connects via phone line (DSL), coax (cable internet), or fiber (fiber internet).
    1
  974. Are you trying to install macOS in a virtual machine or install VirtualBox on a Mac computer?
    1
  975. You're in the wrong video dude. There are countless video guides on gaming PC builds for flight sims. I don't think it will come out cheap though especially if you want a pretty realistic one like the new MS Flight Simulator.
    1
  976. What's why sponsorblock exists.
    1
  977. Ping is a layer 3 concept. You can't "ping" a MAC addresses in that sense. Pinging works even without a router In this scenario because the computer systems have the software built-in (network stack) to deal with the OSI layers.
    1
  978. Its fine. You just import the OVA file into VBox. Import Appliance. If you want the ISO, choose the bare metal option from the download page.
    1
  979. Linux is not an OS so the question isn't exactly correct. Linux refers to the Linux kernel, but a lot of people use the term Linux to refer the nearly infinite number of distributions (distros) out there. Ubuntu is a Linux distro but there are tons more. There isn't exactly a "better" distro as it greatly depends on your use case/knowledge. In general, Ubuntu and Linux Mint are pretty good and well recommended for beginners. Sometimes you just need to try different distros to see what works best for you.
    1
  980. Yes this is the way things are done in the enterprise and business environments. You usually have several physical servers running many different virtual machines and servers for various uses.
    1
  981. Eh... Not to burst your bubble, but there is a significant amount of content missing for a "CCNA" course. This series is very far from complete and it doesn't look like he will actually finish it any time soon. The series is ok to learn general network concepts, but it isn't enough for a CCNA course.
    1
  982. You will need to use a VPN on the virtual machine.
    1
  983. Technically yes. This is known as ARP Poisoning/Spoofing.
    1
  984. That does not make any sense at all....
    1
  985.  @suzieq8379  You ramble too much It is difficult to understand run on sentences you know
    1
  986. It may be true, but it is still important to understand how subnets work for a myriad of reasons.
    1
  987. I'm not entirely sure about those brands. I do know that you can create firewall rules that prevent your IoT devices from talking to your main network but still be able to control from your phone from the main network. The exact steps vary greatly depending on your router. There are plenty of forums dedicated to creating and setting IOT networks. The key is just to do a lot of research.
    1
  988. Depends on the router in question. Most home routers have pretty limited features when it comes to advanced networking. There are plenty of guides on how to create sub-nets and programming them into routers.
    1
  989. Depends on the actual job. You can remote in via VPN if that is available.
    1
  990. That's because ping is a layer 3 concept. The computers have an IP stack which is responsible for network communication. When you ping a PC, your computer sends a packet of data to the destination. In this packet, you of course have the L3 IP address and the L2 MAC address. The switch only sees the MAC address so sends the frame to the respective port.
    1
  991. There's a playlist on his channel for this series. His series is far from being complete though so you want to use other resources. He's a good presenter, but he doesn't really go in-depth. He calls this a "CCNA" course, but he hasn't really gone over a lot of topics nor has he gone in-depth. Its ok if you just want to learn the general information, but if you want to understand the why, you'll need to look elsewhere.
    1
  992. That is inaccurate. You have a gateway device which is a modem, router, switch, and wifi ap in one unit. That is also common here in the US. Pretty much every major provider here will sell/rent/lease you a gateway unit. With some providers, you can opt to buy your own modem as some providers will charge you a monthly fee. For instance, Comcast (cable internet provider) will charge you $15/month for their xFi gateway unit. Most of the time, most people just use what they get from their provider. Its usually the enthusiasts who like to tinker with stuff that buy a dedicated modem and then a router.
    1
  993. There are plenty of tutorials online on how to use PT. If you sign up for Cisco Netacad, you can sign up for the PT course which gives you an overview of how to use it.
    1
  994. None. Apple doesn't give you access to a UEFI menu. What Mac do you have? if it has an M1/M2 CPU, you can't use VirtualBox.
    1
  995. For the most part, yes. However, if you're going to do this, I recommend disabling the networking feature of your VM as well as the shared folders and bi-directional drag and drop features.
    1
  996. There is no ChromeOS (at least that I'm aware of) version of PT. You should be able to enable Linux apps on your CB and install the Ubuntu version of it.
    1
  997. No. If you want to protect your VM, you'll need to install an a/v solution it as well.
    1
  998. You download it from the Kali website. It looks very different than the one in the video. You have 2 main options: An OVA file or an ISO file. The OVA file is a pre-made virtual machine. You just import it into VBox and it will handle all the rest for you. If you want to go through the install process, you download the ISO file. Create your VM, add that ISO file to the VM's dvd drive to boot from and go through the install process. The OVA file will be under the VM category and the ISO will be in the bare metal category.
    1
  999. The resources are only used when you have your vm running. If its powered off, it won't use any CPU/RAM.
    1
  1000. If you're running these attacks against your own network, then no. I would assume that if you're performing them on your equipment, you give yourself permission to hack yourself. The problems start when you do this against other people's network without their explicit permission.
    1
  1001. With what?
    1
  1002. The fastest and easiest way is to do a direct connection. Plug your laptop to your TV via HDMI (most common video connection) cable. You may be able to do a wireless screen cast, but this may not be ideal due to the inherent delay in wireless communications.
    1
  1003. Can you expand on what you mean by different output on packet tracer?
    1
  1004. If the VM is not running, it will not use any CPU or RAM resources. It will still continue using disk space regardless if it is powered on or not. VirtualBox is a type 2 hypervisor meaning it requires a host system to run. If you restart your host OS, the VMs will be shut down. It won't "screw" anything up, but they just will not be usable if the host is restarting or shutdown.
    1
  1005. Sounds like you're trying to get around some website's terms of service.... Anyways, it will appear to come from the same source since your internet traffic from your VMs still goes through your router .You may need to use a VPN on each VM, but it depends on whatever service you're trying to get around.
    1
  1006. You need to setup USB passthrough in the VM's settings.
    1
  1007. This is one of those questions where you will get many different answers. Its entirely subjective. Some people abhor the beginner Linux distros and others love them. I can tell you Linux Mint is great for newcomers and another person will tell you that it absolutely sucks and you should use this niche distro that no one has ever heard of. In general, distros like Ubuntu, Linux Mint, etc are pretty good for beginners. My suggestion is to download several of them and create a bootable USB drive or install it on a virutal machine to test it out. That way you can get a good idea of how the system looks and feels and runs. There are a myriad of guides and tutorials on how to install a Linux system on your machine. A side note: Not trying to put you off, but be prepared at the possibility of having to do a lot of command line work and researching and trying different fixes. Despite what the Linux fanatics tell you, its not all perfect. Some hardware just is not supported out of the box so you may need to run some esoteric commands or modify files to get things to work correctly or even at all. This is more prevalent on laptops especially if you have an Nvidia graphics card or a pretty new device. A lot of stuff does work. But sometimes you have to deal with very annoying issues and finding a fix is not always easy. I have a bizarre problem on my Thinkpad where Linux Mint always "forgets" my bluetooth mouse. I have to pair it every single time I turn on or restart my laptop. Oddly enough, it always remembers my Bluetooth keyboard. I have no idea why and numerous updates and config file changes haven't helped at all. I also have weird audio issues when I play audio over HDMI over a dock station. The audio plays for about 0.5 seconds, and then cuts off for 1-2 seconds, and then plays normally. This is just anecdotal, so your experience may vary. I think desktop computers generally work better out of the box.
    1
  1008. I agree, but oftentimes it is very difficult to convince the upper managements to understand that.
    1
  1009.  @umanijaz5118  Its unlikely. If you're really worried about this, you may want to buy a dedicated computer for VMs and probably put that computer on its on VLAN so that its separated from your home network.
    1
  1010. In theory, yes. Realistically, its not going to happen. The Xbox OS is designed specifically for a very limited set of hardware. So even if you were able to somehow extract the software, it wouldn't run on conventional PC hardware. And plus, the Xbox OS has always been based on Windows, but at a more limited version.
    1
  1011. What's the exact error you're getting? And at what step in the video are you getting this error?
    1
  1012. Hard to help without details....
    1
  1013. 😆😆😆 lmao. Why?
    1
  1014. An OVA file is a pre-built VM. You just import into VBox and that's it. No need to go through he install process. If you still want to do so, you will need to download the ISO file (bare metal option)
    1
  1015. Can't please everyone...
    1
  1016. No. No virtual machine can ever be 100% secure, but you can take certain precautions to minimize the risk. If you're really that worried, you may want to have a computer just for sensitive tasks running something like Qubes and only using it when you need to do those sensitive tasks.
    1
  1017. Yes except for disk space.
    1
  1018. Well no since you need a wifi adapter to work with wifi based attacks....
    1
  1019. He can't create a universal guide dude. Not everyone's home router supports this stuff, or if it does, it may be very limited. This is more of "theory" video of how subnets work.
    1
  1020. No one can. If you have no access to any of the recovery info, you're out of luck. Think of it this way, if you could easily recover your account without any of the recovery info, what would stop me or anyone else from doing the same?
    1
  1021. If you're talking about the Kali download, you have 2 main options: The Virtual machine download option will download an OVA file. This is a pre-built virtual machine that you just import into VBox. That's it. If you want to go the install route, choose the bare metal option to download the ISO file.
    1
  1022.  @molotovick  the bios looks different between computers and manufacturers. You should be able to find some guides online for your specific model.
    1
  1023. Yes. The router is still a host device in the network so it needs its own IP address.
    1
  1024.  @jaiverma3279  Not quite. He goes over that in the next parts. In short, its called ARP - Address Resolution Protocol. ARP maps MAC addresses to IP addresses. Say you have a network of 5 PCs (PC-1 - PC-5). You ping PC-5's IP via PC-1. 1 needs 5's MAC address, but it doesn't know it. PC-1 will send an ARP message. This consists of a broadcast message at layer 2. The switch receives this broadcast message. It basically asks "What is the MAC address of the device with X IP?" Where "X IP" is PC-5's IP address. Since this is a broadcast frame, the switch forwards the frame to all switch ports. However, all devices (except PC-5) will drop the frame since they aren't the intended recipient. Only PC-5 will accept it and respond to PC-1 with its MAC address. PC-1 receives this response and will store the IP and MAC address in its ARP cache. After PC-1 stores PC-5's MAC address, it will send the ping packet. It now knows 5's MAC address and will send it only to that MAC address. PC-5 will receive this ping packet and respond accordingly. The network software of computer systems allow them to respond to pings and other network requests even if there is no router.
    1
  1025. Yep but most home internet users have no idea what any of that means nor do most care to understand it. They just want it to work.
    1
  1026. You can try, but it likely won't work well. There is no ChromeOS version of VBox. You will need to enable Linux support to install the Debian version. However, most Chromebooks don't usually have powerful hardware so the performance may not be very good.
    1
  1027. 64-Bit lets you use more memory (more than 4 GB of RAM).
    1
  1028. Its hard to say exactly what will happen as it depends on the programs anti-piracy measures. Some programs register the computers hardware ID (HWID) and/or a GUID. If they detect that it changes, it may realize its running on a different machine and refuse to work. Other programs may not care. As long as the software product key is valid, that's all that matters. The only real way is to test it out yourself. Technically speaking, you're still supposed to observe any software licensing agreements/restrictions even if you run the software in a virtual machine.
    1
  1029. Of course. I'm using W11 and Vbox works fine on my Thinkpad.
    1
  1030. And what exactly is your 2nd question? I'm not quite sure what you're trying to ask.
    1
  1031. It largely depends on what VMs you plan on running and what they need to do. For that much, you may want look at a type 1 hypervisor like Microsoft Hyper-V, Proxmox or VMware ESXi. You can assign each VM its own ip address. In terms of hardware, I would look at at least 16GB of RAM, if not a lot more. Plenty of SSD storage and a decently fast and modern CPU. Again, all this varies depending on what you want your VMs to do. If you're going to be running basic Linux systems, you don't need that much power.
    1
  1032. What do you mean by that?
    1
  1033. If they're on the same network, neither device will work correctly. I know on Windows you get a network notification telling you there's an IP address conflict. I don't know what other devices do in terms of notifying you.
    1
  1034. It will have a different private IP address but will still share the same public IP address since any internet traffic from the VM still goes through your router. If you want a different public IP, you'll need to use a VPN or a different internet source, like your phone's USB tethering.
    1
  1035. I know this is a year old comment, but dang that's a lot of stuff you have to do. Do you work at a small school district by chance? I live in northern California and also work in school IT support. Our district has about 13k students, about 1k staff members and we have about a 20 person IT dept, mostly school site techs and a few systems specialists. Even then our dept. feels pretty overwhelmed at times especially last school year with distance learning.
    1
  1036. Yep. In most home networks, the router handles DHCP, DNS, and a few other services. In reality, the router just forwards DNS queries to your ISP's DNS servers. The internal DNS server is only used for devices inside of your network.
    1
  1037. That's the fun part about Linux. When things don't work, its often quite difficult to figure out why and how to fix it. Welcome to Linux. I think you need to install the VirtualBox guest additions. I don't remember the exact steps, but VBox let's you add the VBox guest additions ISO to your VM. Once those are installed, you should be able to adjust your resolution and do things like drag and drop. There are plenty of guides online showing you how to do this.
    1
  1038. No... Subnets are network concepts. Its not something you download. You do need a router with this feature. A lot of home routers and ISP-provided equipment usually is pretty limited when it comes to advanced networking features.
    1
  1039. Its not always that easy. Sometimes people just aren't given a good budget. I work in K-12 IT. We have about 20 sites, most being schools and a few administrative offices. All of our schools have an MPLS connection through AT&T, but there's no redundancy in the links.
    1
  1040. Not quite sure what you're asking. You can create a VM and have it saved on yoru USB drive. It won't affect the files on it. You just need to point the directory that VBox uses to your USB drive. However, its not ideal running a VM from USB as the performance may not be great depending on the USB drive and what you're doing in the VM.
    1
  1041. Its Boson practic exam. The link is in the description.
    1
  1042. It should almost be, but working IT support for nearly 5 years, I can personally confirm that is not the case. There is still a significant amount of tech illiteracy in this world: from people who didn't grow up with technology and were more or less forced onto it due to their jobs to younger generations who only grew up with phones and tablets and don't understand how to work a traditional computer system.
    1
  1043.  @thekingofcool1641  I don't disagree. Its tough though. Where I work in K12 IT, students exclusively use Chromebooks except for a few Windows-only classes mainly at the high schools. So its kind of hard to teach Windows to a bunch of kids if they only have Chromebooks. We've decommissioned Windows devices for 95% of students over the past 5 years in favor of Chromebooks.
    1
  1044.  @thekingofcool1641  The decision to move to Chromebooks was made long before I started working there. I don't know all of the factors in that decision but I'm pretty sure it came down to cost, ease of use, and ease of support. Most of the curriculum and is all web based. We use Google Classroom extensively so in reality the students just need a web browser and that's where Chromebooks work pretty well. We don't have to deal with the annoying Windows issues. We can reset a Chromebook in less than 5 minutes and its fully operational (assuming no physical damage). On a Windows system, it may easily take 25 minutes to do a re-image, not including the time it takes to fully update Windows.
    1
  1045. Is your laptop part of a Windows domain environment? In other words, is managed by any company OR have you set any custom group policy settings?
    1
  1046. The devices have different private IP address, but will share the same public IP address. That's because in order to go online, each device needs a public IPv4 address. We don't have enough for all devices in existence, so most ISPs use something called NAT. This essentially allows your router to share a single public IP address with all the devices in its internal network.
    1
  1047. What didn't work? Installing VirtualBox or a guest vm? Need more info.
    1
  1048. lmao. Not to be rude, but if you have to ask this, you're going to have a very difficult time in your "insta hacking" journey....
    1
  1049. His video is not a virus, but there are many scam bots on channels like this. YouTube doesn't seem to really care about fixing the issue, though.
    1
  1050. I wouldn't say "comfortable". The advantage dual booting has is that you have full access to the hardware on whatever system you're running. Virtual Machines don't have full access and may have some performance drops as the computer is running 2 systems. However, especially for newcomers, trying to setup a dual boot system can be challenging especially if people aren't familiar with partitions and boot loaders. With a vm, you don't have to worry about accidentally formatting your actual drive or deleting the incorrect partition.
    1
  1051. A virtual machine is a virtual computer running on top of a real computer. So yes, you will have 2 operating systems running simultaneously. If you do not want this, you can make a dual boot setup. That means that you install another operating system on your hard drive/SSD. So when you turn on your PC, you can choose between Windows or whatever Linux distro you install. Only one system will be running at a time with a dual boot setup. Most Linux distros have a feature that will automatically partition your drive and setup a dualboot system if it detects another OS like Windows installed. It still recommended that you have a backup of anything important before doing this.
    1
  1052. What Kali did you exactly download? They have different downloads depending on if you want to do a bare metal install or a pre-built VM.
    1
  1053. Typically, that's your router. However, it usually forwards DNS requests to your internet provider's DNS servers.
    1
  1054. What time in the video are you referring to?
    1
  1055. Potentially, but a lot depends on your potential employer.
    1
  1056. That gets tricky depending on your IoT device. You can usually create firewall rules that basically state: allow any device from my main network to communicate with any IoT device in the IoT network, BUT only if it initiates from within my main network. That way, your IoT devices can't talk to your main network devices randomly. There's also something called mDNS (Multicast DNS) which can help with connectivity issues across VLANs. You'll have to do some research for your specific smart speaker.
    1
  1057. If you choose the Virtual Machine option, it will download an OVA file (for VBox). You just import this file into Vbox. An OVA is a pre-built VM. Just import and you're good to go. If you want to go the install route, you choose the bare metal option. This will download the ISO file which you add to your VM to go through the install process.
    1
  1058. A virtual machine likely won't help you. VirtualBox is not meant for gaming. That's one of the drawbacks about Linux. Things don't always work well. You have to find workarounds if possible or just deal with the fact that you can't run those games. I'm assuming you already have WINE installed? In short, WINE lets you attempt to run Windows programs on Linux. Steam I believe has something called ProtonDB that can also help you run Windows-only Steam games on Linux. Again, its not guaranteed to work perfectly though.
    1
  1059. Yeah no... The only recourse is to contact Instagram support. There's nothing anyone here can do to get the account back.
    1
  1060. I strongly suggest using other resources. NWC is a good presenter, but this CCNA series is very far from being complete and it doesn't appear he will complete anytime soon. I like watching Jeremy's IT Lab. He may not be as enthusiastic as NWC, but his CCNA course on YouTube is actually complete and pretty good. Practice with PacketTracer. Its a free download, but you have to register with Cisco and enroll in their packet tracer course to get access to the software.
    1
  1061. Very unlikely. It will simply affect the guest system. If you're going to do this, make sure all host-guest and vice-versa communications are turned off.
    1
  1062. Does it open?
    1
  1063. So do you need help understanding binary or how to convert between decimal and binary?
    1
  1064. Did you try scrolling to the right?
    1
  1065.  @subhajitmondalr-4728  If you open Packet Tracer by itself, without any file, does it open fine?
    1
  1066. The same public IP or private IP?
    1
  1067. A former co-worker at my school district used to have that as his email signature. I'm sure it confused a lot of people.
    1
  1068. Its impossible to answer that first question as it depends on the device, the cabling, etc.
    1
  1069. You really think he's going to do a video on that?? lol. Simple google search of "configure pfsense dhcp for pxe boot" will show you what you're looking for.... In short, you'll need to configure your pfsense's DHCP server to point to the PXE server as well as the file that you want to boot.
    1
  1070. I believe you can install to any drive/directory but its usually best to just install it in the default location.
    1
  1071. No. If you don't have VirtualBox and a VM actively running, they won't take resources other than storage.
    1
  1072. I just downloaded it just fine....
    1
  1073. That's fine.
    1
  1074. That's not how it works. If you have fiber to the home, your provider should have installed an ONT (optical network terminal) somewhere in or on the side of your home. That's where the fiber from the provider comes in. It then gets 'handed off' to an ethernet connection which runs from the ONT to your router. You then plug in a network switch into the router if you need more wired ports. As for using 2 routers, there's no real reason to do that. It makes things much more complex for home networks. What exactly are you trying to use 2 routers for? If you want wifi coverage, you would simply enable AP mode on the 2nd router so that the routing function gets disabled and it acts simply as a wifi access point. On some routers, you may need to manually disable different settings. You have to keep in mind this is a CCNA video. This isn't meant for typical home networks. Yes, you can use fiber with Cisco switches, but this gets more complex.
    1
  1075. You don't need to use them. Its just for demonstration.
    1
  1076. Live-boot works pretty much the same as if you install it to the VM's virtual drive. The main difference is that nothing will be saved when you power off the VM. Live CD distros copy most, if not all of the OS and programs into RAM letting you run it without installing, but as soon as you power off or reboot, everything is lost.
    1
  1077. You're making a big assumption that people should already know this. It does help to have some understanding, but its not a requirement.
    1
  1078. It may be called Virtualization or AMD-V or similar. Not every manufacturer has exactly the same layout or wording.
    1
  1079.  @lofiboi5440 You'll have to look online for that laptop model.
    1
  1080.  @unrealbot3027  Yes since all the traffic still goes through the pfsense box. The wifi ap acts like a bridge in the sense that it connects wireless devices to the wired network. From the pfsense's box perspective, it doesn't know that the traffic is wifi or wired.
    1
  1081. That makes no sense. "doesn't pop up the thing for the iso".... what does that mean? What time in the video are you having trouble with?
    1
  1082.  @fishimply  Can you try removing the ISO file from your vm's DVD drive and see if it boots that way?
    1
  1083. Nope. Its most likely some other technical problem: maybe wifi router, modem, home wiring, or ISP's wiring.
    1
  1084. Yep.
    1
  1085. You're probably better off asking in a home network sub reddit or forum for more specific information.
    1
  1086. What? What exactly are you having trouble with?
    1
  1087. That's an IPv6 address.
    1
  1088. Most non-tech savvy people don't care about hardwiring a device to the network. A lot of people prefer the convenience of wireless especially now that many have mobile devices and tablets. I also know there are many people who abhor seeing any type of wiring.
    1
  1089. That's just how your router is configured. Different manufacturers sometimes use different IP address ranges.
    1
  1090. Of course. These are private IP addresses. They're only used inside of his network and completely useless to anyone outside of his network.
    1
  1091.  @fahimprotik3203  Its hard to tell without knowing your network setup. You'll need to look at your VPN server and see if there's anything missing in terms of allowing your VPN clients access to your internal network. When you're connected through your VPN, are you able to see other devices inside of your network?
    1
  1092. I think its a decent resource. There's still a ton of information he hasn't covered, but its a decent starting point. This series is primarily meant for the Cisco certification, but there's still a lot of concepts he hasn't even approached.
    1
  1093. Did you install the guest additions? I believe you have to install any available updates for the guest additions to get installed. This should help improve performance.
    1
  1094. Kinda hard to help without details....
    1
  1095.  @Huss4gaming50  And what's the exact error you get?
    1
  1096.  @Huss4gaming50  That might be something on your computer blocking the download. Make sure your antivirus/firewall isn't blocking it.
    1
  1097. What are you trying to install? What specific part do you get stuck on? Details....
    1
  1098. If you have a local community college that has some security courses, that's probably your best bet. If not, you'll probably want to watch some videos on networking and hacking-specific videos. Network chuck has some pretty decent ones, but he doesn't go super in-depth.
    1
  1099. Sure.
    1
  1100. What issues??
    1
  1101. Whether or not your router supports it depends on it. Typical home routers have limited advanced features. If you have IOT devices, you can create a new network just for them. That means that the devices will have no idea that other devices in other networks (like your main network) exist. You can setup a guest wifi network. When you have guests over, instead of giving them access to your home network, just give them the wifi password to the guest network and thy won't be able to see your other devices. Helpful if they happen to bring a potentially infected computer and not realize it.
    1
  1102. As part of the install process, the installer partitions and formats your virtual hard drive. If you meant dual booting, well a virtual machine, as the name implies is a virtual computer that runs inside of your real computer. You can run multiple virtual computers at once (depending on the host hardware as well as the guest systems). You don't have to worry about partitioning your real drive or potentially loosing data.
    1
  1103. NAT is fine in most cases. That is unless you want your VM to have full access to your network as if it were directly connected to your router. In that case, you would choose bridged adapter.
    1
  1104. If you want the ISO file for Kali Linux, choose the bare metal option. The page has been redesigned since he made the video.
    1
  1105. You could, but you then have the problem that ALL devices would need to be updated. Network devices are programmed for IPv4/6. If you make your own protocol, how are you going to get all manufacturers on-board? What about devices that are discontinued or from companies that don't exist anymore?
    1
  1106. No. If a VM is powered off, it won't use your hardware except for the disk storage.
    1
  1107. Are you downloading the Windows version from Oracle's page?
    1
  1108. What exactly did you download? What file are you talking about? Need more details.
    1
  1109. I'm pretty sure you can, but the interface will be different than VBox.
    1
  1110. What's the exact minute and second in the video you're referring to?
    1
  1111. You are looking at a type-1 hypervisor. VirtualBox and VMware Player are type-2 hypervisors. What that means is that VirtualBox and VMware Player are programs that run on top of your host operating system. A type-1 hypervisor like Microsoft Hyper-V, VMware ESXi, Proxmox, is essentially the operating system. The hypervisor takes up some resources, but not much.
    1
  1112. If you're asking how to install it, its the overall same process the he showed here. You just download the ISO for Fedora instead of Ubuntu.
    1
  1113.  @yumiescobar1425  Have you tried searching for the exact error message on Google? Chances are someone has had a similar issue already and has a fix.
    1
  1114. I don't believe VBox supports Win9x out of the box anymore. There was a workaround somehow to enable higher resolutions. You'll have to look it up.
    1
  1115. Make sure you have a bootable ISO in the virtual CD drive. Make sure its set as the 1st boot device.
    1
  1116. MAC addresses use a much larger address space than IPv4 addresses. MAC addresses use 48 bits instead of 32-bits that IPv4 addresses use.
    1
  1117. lmao. Doesn't work that way dude. Even if you have the IP address of the person who "misused your data", there's no way for you to magically find out their exact location. That stuff only happens in movies.
    1
  1118. Its not available on any device other than a cable modem. You have a modem/router combo unit. If you want to use something like pfsense, you'll need to buy a stand-alone cable modem. You then plug an ethernet cable from the modem to your pfsense box. The other end goes into your switch. You then assign which port is WAN and which is LAN. There are no consumer-level PCI-e cable modem cards that I'm aware of.
    1
  1119. Sure
    1
  1120. Yes, no, maybe. Certifications don't guarantee you a job. They can definitely help, but a lot depends on your local job market, luck, interview, interviewer(s) and a few other factors.
    1
  1121. Try giving the virtual machine more disk space, say 50-100 GB.
    1
  1122. Did you add the ISO to the disk drive of whatever operating system you want to install?
    1
  1123. And what is that problem??
    1
  1124. I'm pretty sure you can, but its best practice to assign static IPs to your servers. Some server systems will complain if you don't have a static IP setup. I don't know if Proxmox will complain.
    1
  1125. holy moth balls that was painful to read....
    1
  1126. I can see the pictures just fine in the file. You may need to redownload the file. Also, make sure your PacketTracer program is updated.
    1
  1127. ISPs sometimes use different IP spaces for their home routers.
    1
  1128. It helps to know what hardware you have. What CPU do you have? What guest OS are you trying to run? Have you installed the virtualbox guest additions? Are you running any other programs other than VBox?
    1
  1129. An OVA file is a pre-built virtual machine. You just import it into VBox and that's it. No need to go through the install process. If you want the ISO file and to go through the entire setup process, choose the bare metal option from the downloads page.
    1
  1130. I don't really know of any alternative. I strongly suggest getting even a cheap and basic laptop to run Packet Tracer.
    1
  1131. What are you talking about dude? I think you're on the wrong channel/video.
    1
  1132. Yep.
    1
  1133. I'd go with at least a 25 GB virtual disk.
    1
  1134. Cyber what? That doesn't make sense.
    1
  1135. If you're talking about 16:07, then he used a note. You can see on top of the word "Physical", a clipboard looking icon. Click on that and you can add notes.
    1
  1136. If you want the iso file, you choose the bare metal option. If you want a pre-buil VM, choose the VM option to download for VMware or VirtualBox.
    1
  1137. You're going to have to ask your question again. It doesn't make sense what you're trying to ask.
    1
  1138. Its up to you. However, a lot of these higher level IT concepts build on each other. For cyber security, it helps to have a good understanding of computer networks. Think about it. A lot of computers get hacked through their network. If you don't know anything about computer networks, it likely will be difficult to understand parts of your cyber security training like ARP spoofing attacks, MITM attacks, etc. If you want to be a car mechanic, for instance, you need a solid understanding of all of the components in a car, how they work, and how their job affects the car as a whole. If you know nothing about how cars work and try jumping straight engine performance and tuning, you're going to have a pretty tough time understand what's going on.
    1
  1139. For what? Exactly are you installing?
    1
  1140. I'm not very familiar with wifi mesh network setups. However, it seems unlikely that the router itself would reboot. What kind of router is it? Make sure its not overheating, has the latest firmware, etc.
    1
  1141. That's why I use Sponsorblock. It automatically skips over sponsored segments.
    1
  1142. You subtract 2 always: 1 for the network ID and 1 for the broadcast. The router (or gateway) is still a client device technically and needs its own IP address but that is included in the number of usable address.
    1
  1143. A dual boot system is good also, but I would recommend it if you're pretty much committed to installing 2 systems on your computer. It does have the advantage of whichever OS is loaded to have full access to the hardware. However, you ideally should know about disk partitioning and bootloaders. Otherwise, you can easily loose data if you don't understand what you're doing. In my view, VMs are good for when you want to play around or test things in a virtual environment without potentially damaging your main OS.
    1
  1144. What tech business do you run? Its standard in most medium to large organizations, even if they aren't tech oriented organizations.
    1
  1145. What specific part of the video are you asking?
    1
  1146. well that wasn't a great recommendation from chatgpt. This course is very incomplete...
    1
  1147. Well that means that whatever programs you're trying to run are programmed to not run in a virtual machine. Nothing you can do about that.
    1
  1148. What does that have to do with the video???
    1
  1149. That makes no sense dude. If your virtual machine is powered off, it isn't using any resources other than storage. Its just like a real computer. If the computer is off, it isn't using CPU or RAM.
    1
  1150. If you want the ISO file, choose the bare metal option from the downloads page. An OVA file is a pre-built VM. You just import it into VBox and that's it; no need to go through the install process.
    1
  1151. lmao this kid. "you are the best hacking teacher".... 🤣🤣
    1
  1152.  @master_Lynx14  Whatever you say dude....
    1
  1153. It does work the same way its just that the page looks very different. If you want the ISO, you choose the bare metal option.
    1
  1154.  @TUFFOURDAILY  Its still unclear. Do you want to join PCs to your Windows domain environment? If so, they will need to be on the same network as your domain controller. If you need to have PCs on your domain that are outside of your network, you will need a VPN server setup.
    1
  1155. As long as its not an M1/M2 mac, sure.
    1
  1156. That doesn't make sense. Why would you want to install Intel chipset on an M1 Mac if they don't use Intel CPUs??
    1
  1157. Its another operating system to use and learn. If you've never used a Linux OS, it will be quite different than say, Windows, Mac, or ChromeOS.
    1
  1158. LOL dude. Like dude, if you're going to watch a training on the CCNA, you really have to know switching. Yes, the vast majority of people have no Cisco switches in their home but you have to learn it for the CCNA.
    1
  1159.  @carlitodidthat  He's going by the OSI model dude. Switches are layer 2 whereas routers are at layer 3. That's why he started with switches.
    1
  1160. You're not the target audience for Cisco. Cisco is prohibitively expensive for home users and even a lot of small to medium companies. The best thing you can do for your network security is to keep your router up to date as well as your computers and devices with the latest security updates/patches. There are firewall appliances you can use, but they are not intended for home use. It doesn't mean you can't use them for home, but they aren't easy to setup and use.
    1
  1161. You would need to buy a DSL modem compatible with your DSL provider. I don't know who your provider is or if they allow 3rd party equipment.
    1
  1162. The way you word it makes it sound that no one has ever made a video of installing XP on a vm. Its been done many times. Surely you can do a simple YouTube search.... The "hard" part is obtaining a Windows XP install disc/ISO. The legality of that is dubious unless you already have a CD/ISO.
    1
  1163. You'll most likely need to install the VirtualBox guest additions. How you do this depends on the guest OS You installed.
    1
  1164.  @EpicOne1111  I believe with those, you can check for updates in the host system. It should recognize that its running in a vm environment and automatically download and install the Guest Additions.
    1
  1165. That's fine. Its a different program so the interfaces and menus will look different but it will work more or less the same.
    1
  1166. I'm not very familiar with Proxmox, but it looks like it is possible to do this. I can't post links, but Proxmox has a wiki page with instructions. Do keep in mind this is not its intended use cases. Type-1 hypervisors like Proxmox, ESXi, Hyper-V are not intended to be directly managed on the host system except through the command line. They're primarily intended to be used and managed through another computer via its web interface or management console.
    1
  1167. The website layout has changed since he made the video. If you want to download the ISO, you choose the bare metal option. If you want the pre-made VM, you choose the virtual machines option.
    1
  1168. Well you would need to know beforehand the IP address of the computer you're trying to ping. If you don't know the IP, you would use the hostname and then your PC will lookup the IP address of that other PC via DNS.
    1
  1169. You sure can, but its still important to understand the "why" and "how".
    1
  1170. Yes I suggest learning about computer networking. You don't necessarily need to learn the CCNA material, but general computer networking will be adequate.
    1
  1171. Yeah sure thing scam troll bot. You bots always crack me up with your absurd stories. How much do you get paid?
    1
  1172. Did you attach the Ubuntu ISO to your virtual machine?
    1
  1173. That's usually your router's web interface. Most routers will have the IP address listed on the back or bottom.
    1
  1174. There's something called a network stack which is basically the programming and code that makes the network portion of a computer system work. That's usually outside of the scope of these videos so they don't go deep into how it works.
    1
  1175. The private IP addresses are not routable. That means that they can't be used on the internet and are only used inside of your home network. There are huge blocks of these addresses. The routeable addresses are assigned to many ISPs which in turn, re-assign to your internet connection.
    1
  1176. The IP addresses are pre-configured. You don't have to worry about this until later.
    1
  1177. That's probably something on your computer. Do you have any add-ons installed on your browser? Sometimes some add-ons can interfere with websites. I use U-Block Origin as my adblocker and don't have many issues visiting most websites. I don't know if you've already tried it, but clear your browser's history and cache. Built-up cache can have some websites behave oddly.
    1
  1178. And at the worst possible moment: When you really need it.
    1
  1179. Not quite sure I understand your setup. In general, the network drops on the wall have ethernet cables running to a network switch or patch panel.
    1
  1180. Its called a note. Press "K" or click on the note icon (above the Physical view button) to add a note.
    1
  1181.  @manikbaba9410  Look up VLSM (variable length subnet mask). Its a different approach to subnetting.
    1
  1182. For ISO image, you choose the ISO file of whatever operating system you downloaded. This is the ISO file that will be used to install the OS. The edition section only applies to Windows ISOs. you can select to install Windows 11 Pro for instance, and it will automatically install that edition for you.
    1
  1183. If you don't know what you're doing, your real PC can still get infected. If you're going to be playing around with potential viruses and malware, its best to isolate your host and guest systems as much as possible. You also have to keep in mind there are rare viruses that can break out of virtual machines and other types of malware that can detect that its being run in a virtual environment and not run which can lead to a potential false negative. Most typical viruses won't act like this, but just be advised that's a possibility.
    1
  1184. As he said, you count the bits for the CIDR notation. That long string of 1's are bits. If you count them, that's how he got /26
    1
  1185. That's USB passthrough. Its finicky sometimes. Open the VM's settings, and look for the USB section. It may be under ports (at least it is on Mac). Click on the + icon and look for the name of your USB device.
    1
  1186. Remove the ISO file from the VM's dvd drive. Or change the VM's boot order so that the hard disk is the 1st boot device.
    1
  1187. You will need to look at what options you have on your router regarding subnets. A lot of home routers don't have many options and others do give you a lot. You'll need to create a 2nd network and assign its IP address. You will need to configure things like DNS, DHCP, default gateway, etc. Then you'll need to setup interfaces on the router so that they're a part of that 2nd network. This may involve using managed layer 2 switches to create VLANs.
    1
  1188. What specific part of the video are you asking about?
    1
  1189. Lol your username almost tricked me.
    1
  1190. Vista came out nearly 2 decades ago and you haven't managed to get any IT job?? Probably other things missing. How is your resume? How are you interviewing? A lot of things to consider.
    1
  1191. There is no ChromeOS versions of VirtualBox. There are some ways you can get a Linux versions of VBox to work on a Chromebook, but that is not officially supported. The more important consideration is the Chromebook itself. Chromebooks are typically not very powerful. So even if you ran Windows in a vm, it may not run great depending on the Chromebook you have. You ideally want to give Windows at least 4GB of RAM, preferably 8 and I doubt most average Chromebooks have that much ram. The VM will have absolutely nothing to do with the copyright strikes you get from your ISP. Your ISP does not know what devices are doing what on the internet. They just see internet traffic going to and from your router. Even if you made multiple VMs and pirated material, they will still that you are downloading/uploading copyrighted material; they just won't know what device in your home network is doing it. You can install a VPN on your vm to masquerade your activities. The vm will really only help if you are downloading shady files from shady websites. With the vm, you can test the files to see if they contain viruses or other malware.
    1
  1192. Nope. Its not complete. Too much info still missing.
    1
  1193. You have to enable Linux mode on your Chromebook and install the Debian version of VBox. Just note that most Chromebooks don't have great hardware so the performance may not be very good.
    1
  1194. 😆😆😆 this dude
    1
  1195. You could setup multiple physical routers. However, that can be unwieldy and very expensive. The common thing to do is to setup VLANs and subnets. With your router, you create the various subnets and assign VLANs to the different subnets. That way your networks are separated and only run on 1 router.
    1
  1196. Its possible, but not all that easy. There are plenty of guides showing you how to do this.
    1
  1197. lol. That's a tall order. Its not for the faint of heart.
    1
  1198. It tells you right in the error message: You don't have virtualization enabled in your BIOS.
    1
  1199. Depends on what type of vm you want to run.
    1
  1200. Yep. Hubs broadcast every single frame to every single port whether or not the frame is intended to be a broadcast frame. Switches only send broadcasts when they receive a broadcast frame.
    1
  1201. Well it depends on the laptop's hardware. Chances are that it won't run newer systems too well. But again, it depends on the hardware. I strongly recommend installing an SSD and at least 8GB of RAM.
    1
  1202.  @timsteinkamp2245  The SSD should make it pretty responsive, but the CPU will also play an important part in overall performance.
    1
  1203. Do you have a wifi card on your computer? If so, is it USB? I'm not very familiar with Proxmox, but I assume you should be able to passthrough USB devices from the host server to a VM.
    1
  1204. As an IT tech for a school district, having tickets helps us techs keep track of the work we have to do. I work at 5 school sites with nearly 150 staff members. Without a ticketing system, it would be incredibly difficult for me to know what I need to do at each school site each day. The ticket system has the tickets that staff members have put in and we work on them based on priority. Things like virus, network infrastructure, projector not working, etc are at the top of our list whereas things like not being able to print or needing extra headphones are at the bottom of our list. The ticket system also shows the boss that we have work to do and not just hanging out at a site for 8 hours a day. The analytics can show him the number of tickets at a school site and how much time I spend working on them. That way, I can justify my time at a school and he can justify me being there to his boss. If you were to just email me, sure I could do the work, but I wouldn't have a 'paper trail' of the work I did. But yes, I do agree that some techs do drag their feet, so to speak, with tickets. That's the unacceptable thing.
    1
  1205. If it is an Intel Macbook, sure. If it is an Apple Silicon Mac (i.e M1/M2 etc), then no.
    1
  1206. Both devices are important in a network. A router's job is just to route IP packets to and from their destination. Routers don't have many network ports. So if you need more than 4 ports (what a standard home router has), you need a network switch. In larger networks, you need switches since stand-alone routers are just that: routers. They only have a few network ports.
    1
  1207. What??
    1
  1208. I think its about 25 GB, but I may be wrong.
    1
  1209. it depends on your internet plan, network clients, and network equipment. Most typical home routers and PCs support 1 Gbps (1000 Mbps) over Ethernet. If you have a 1 Gbps fiber connection, you can get close to those speeds with the correct computers and cabling. Over Wi-Fi, you likely won't get close to 1 Gbps unless you have the latest wifi router and devices that support those fast speeds AND are close to the router.
    1
  1210. You need to remove the Ubuntu install ISO from the VM's virtual DVD drive. I don't remember the exact steps, but it should be in the Devices tab.
    1
  1211. You do technically have to follow all licensing agreements if you're working inside of a vm. Realistically, you don't actually need to purchase a Windows license. MS lets you run Windows 10/11 indefinitely without paying for a product key.
    1
  1212. Try giving your VM more disk space, say 50 GB or more.
    1
  1213. Yes they do.
    1
  1214. Yep.
    1
  1215. That's the "fun" part about Linux. You have to be willing to learn and figure stuff out on your own. In most instances, if you run updates on your virtual Linux system, it will eventually pickup the drivers and software for the VirtualBox Guest Additions. It may take 10+ minutes to fully download and install. Once that's updated, you should be able to get a better resolution and some better performance.
    1
  1216. You can try, but I don't think modern VBox versions support Win9x very well anymore.
    1
  1217. It just doesn't work that way at least with IPv4 addresses. That's how things were designed decades ago.
    1
  1218. What's the exact error message and where are you getting this error message?
    1
  1219. lmfao this dude 🤣🤣🤣🤣
    1
  1220. Every computer will be different. They won't all have the exact wording. On some, it may be listed as Virtualization.
    1
  1221. Its not as user friendly as VBox though.
    1
  1222. If you dual boot, you get the full hardware performance compared to if you run a virtual machine.
    1
  1223.  @leiahav7213  Yes that's ok to enable. And you may need to enable it otherwise the virtual machine may fail to startup. It will probably throw a "fatal" error if virtualization technology isn't enabled.
    1
  1224. Not in the slightest. Its a bit misleading as he claims its CCNA, but it lacks a lot of information. He's a good presenter, but this series is very far from being complete. There are many topics he hasn't covered, or if he did, it was brief and not at the level of detail it should be. Things like ACLs (access control lists), routing, switching, VLANs, and many more are missing. There isn't much Cisco-specific stuff he covers. Most of it is general networking knowledge which is fine, but it needs to also focus on the Cisco stuff.
    1
  1225. From what I've read, you need to understand how to do subnets, but it isn't a big part of the exam. I strongly suggest using other resources for studying for the CCNA. NWC is a good presenter, but he lacks depth. His "CCNA" video series is far from complete and it doesn't even go into actual CCNA content. Its mostly general networking, which is good to know, but you need a lot more information.
    1
  1226. What exactly do you mean by that?
    1
  1227. There should be a little arrow next to the error that gives you more info. What does it say? Otherwise it is pretty vague.
    1
  1228. Do you guys have internet or are the PCS just on their own network without internet access?
    1
  1229. Yeah its clickbaity title crap. For most people, setting this up is totally unnecessary. Its cool for people who like to tinker around with network equipment and/or want to learn. For most home internet use cases, the equipment provided by the ISP is good enough.
    1
  1230. You put the router in between the modem and switch. Putting in a network switch first won't really work. In order for your devices to go online, they need a public facing IP address. Most home ISPs only provide 1 public IP address so only 1 device would be able to go online. That's where the router comes into play. The router has something called NAT (also very important to learn for CCNA) which allows it to share a single public IP address with the devices inside of your home network.
    1
  1231. What more information does it give? There should be an arrow near the error message which will give you more info.
    1
  1232. PopOS is based on Ubuntu so you can select that. I doubt will cause any problems.
    1
  1233. You need the CIDR notation to derive the subnet mask. The IP address by itself won't be of much use.
    1
  1234. You'll need to reset the BIOS. Mother PCs/motherboards have a manual that tells you how to do this. You usually short 2 pins to clear the CMOS which in turn clears the password. On modern laptops, it may be more difficult to do this.
    1
  1235. In the Kali Linux home page, there's a documentation button that you can click on. It will have an installation guide.
    1
  1236. You can see if there's support for the dd-wrt or tomato firmware. That should give it more functionality over the stock firmware. If its too old, it likely wouldn't be worth doing anything on it unless you have a niche use case for it.
    1
  1237. Each VM will have its own private IP address but they will all have the same public IP address since all the network traffic goes through your router.
    1
  1238. To an extent, yes. Its not like in the movies where you can figure out someone's exact location. IP address lookup pages can give you some geographic information, such as country, state, and city/town. However, it does not provide information like names, street addresses, etc. Sometimes, these lookup pages can be inaccurate so the information you find may not be accurate.
    1
  1239. I would give it 4 GB of RAM. You can likely run it with 1, but the performance may not be particularly great.
    1
  1240. It doesn't. Switches are layer 2 devices meaning they only understand MAC addresses. IP addresses are layer 3 concepts which most switches cannot comprehend (there are layer 3 switches, but for specific purposes, but that's a different topic). In order for a PC-A to talk to PC-B, A needs to know B's MAC address. If A doesn't know it, it will send a broadcast frame. That means that in the layer 2 frame, the destination is all "F"s. The switch receives this broadcast frame and will send it to all interfaces except the one it came from. The frame basically says "what is the MAC address of the device with this IP address: ?" All devices connected to the switch will receive this frame, but will discard it since it is not intended for them. However, PC-B will look at the frame and respond to it with its MAC address. The switch forwards this frame to the interface in which PC-A is plugged into and that is how PC-A will learn PC-B's MAC address.
    1
  1241.  @elbibokoning7889  Did you install the VirtualBox guest additions? That can help with performance. Virtual Machines will still run slower than on bare metal, so don't expect blazing fast performance.
    1
  1242. I don't know if you can permanently allocate a monitor, but I know you can just move the virtual machine window to another monitor and set it in full-screen. I don't know if you can use a keyboard/mouse for the virtual machine and another set for your host OS at the same time though.
    1
  1243. Its the same overall process regardless of the guest OS you want. Windows is a more resource heavy OS compared to a lot of Linux distros so that's why the default settings are higher for Windows VM.
    1
  1244. The virtual machine won't use CPU or RAM if its powered off. It will still take up disk space.
    1
  1245. You can create another user account from within Kali's settings. I don't remember the exact steps but it shouldn't be too hard to find.
    1
  1246.  @lowkeeme2819  No sorry. I'm pretty sure there are countless other resources that can help with that.
    1
  1247. He has a proxmox server from a few years ago. I strongly suggest doing some reading on how to set this up. I'm sure there are videos out there, but you have to look it up. And not trying to be rude, but if you're worried about making a secure server, you are expected to do a lot of the research and work yourself.
    1
  1248. I get what you're saying, but it is not feasible for him to create a universal guide that works on every single router known to mankind. Typical home routers are feature limited compared to higher end business routers so you may not even be able to create subnets. You'll need to look for a guide for your specific router. Once you know the theory, you can start learning the practical aspect of it on your own hardware.
    1
  1249. eh... NWC is a good presenter, but he lacks depth. Most of his videos just get you the basic information. Its ok if just want to learn basic networking, but when you want to go deeper into how things actually work, that's where he doesn't do anything deeper.
    1
  1250.  @thetalkchannel3001  Kinda important to know what error you're getting....
    1
  1251. Yeah it still works. No reason why it wouldn't. The requirements for Kali have changed, so you will need to add more storage space to your VM if you plan on using that. You will need to obtain a Windows 7 install disc or ISO. Other than that, its the same overall process as installing any other Windows version. The hard part may be finding one. There's no official way to obtain it from MS anymore. Internet Archive is probably your best friend, but you still need a valid product key or a way to get around that.
    1
  1252. For entry-level IT jobs, it is very unlikely you will find a fully remote position. You may get lucky, though, but I wouldn't count on it at least for your first IT job. A lot of companies have unfortunately asked their employees to be fully in person or at least most days of the week.
    1
  1253. It will take up storage, but not RAM. RAM is only used when you power on a VM. But storage is used regardless if the vm is powered on or off.
    1
  1254. You're better off looking at other videos like David Bombal or Jermey's IT Lab. NetworkChuck is a good presenter, but his video series is far, far from complete.
    1
  1255. How is your PS5 connected to the internet? Wifi or wired?
    1
  1256. I've had dynamic IP addresses with Comcast and AT&T and they never changed unless I replaced the modem. I've had the same public IP for almost 5 years now from Comcast.
    1
  1257. That's true because all the internet traffic still goes through your router. You can use a VPN or other internet connection on the VM if you want.
    1
  1258. I agree but that's his teaching style.
    1
  1259. If you have an Intel-based iMac, sure. If its an Apple silicon Mac, then no. I don't believe there's any public release for it. You can use an alternative like Parallels or VMware Fusion.
    1
  1260. As far as I'm aware, even if you're connected to a wifi network, your phone still has a connection to the cell tower and has an IP address from AT&T.
    1
  1261. If you're not computer literate, you're not the target audience. not trying to be rude, but this is part of a CCNA training series which deals with enterprise networking. Its already assumed/expected that you have some working knowledge of computers prior to trying to learn this. I strongly suggest you watch some basic computer/IT training videos and familiarize yourself with computers and IT concepts before coming back here.
    1
  1262.  @Hectorreigns_  lol oooo please what??
    1
  1263. Yes routers have different web interfaces. I was actually surprised to learn that TP Link allows you to test the web interfaces of different routers over the internet.
    1
  1264. Its per network.
    1
  1265. I've been contemplating that for a while. I work in school IT tech support. The job itself isn't bad, but the way management seems to be running things is what has been irking me for a while. It often starts with little things that are a bit annoying but start progressing into more absurd stuff. Things like being assigned extra school sites without notice or teammates being abruptly moved or having no say do get pretty frustrating quickly. The thing that is holding me back from potentially quitting is that there little to no IT jobs in my area. IT jobs are practically non-existent in my town.
    1
  1266. In theory you could, but its not supported and not that easy to do. There are countless guides and videos on how to do this. Just be prepared to rip your hair out trying to get things to somewhat work.
    1
  1267. It is possible, but very unlikely to build your own ISP. How are you going to get internet to sell to your customers? The big internet companies all connect with other internet companies via peering agreements with backbone links. Getting access to these links is extremely expensive. And most ISPs don't want you to resell their service. There's a website called Start your own ISP which gives you some general ideas.
    1
  1268. lmfao. Is this ChatGPT?
    1
  1269. It doesn't "auto download inside". He just showed how to download it to demonstrate that you can install different systems on a vm.
    1
  1270. What do you mean by hyrda switch? I haven't heard of that.
    1
  1271. That's because YT removed the dislike counter. Before that, the video had at least 1k down votes.
    1
  1272. lmao. Windows 7 EoL. A lot of software will slowly loose support, if they haven't already.
    1
  1273. Depends on where you work. We have to be stern about that at the school district I work at because otherwise, the teachers and staff members don't put in tickets. They would otherwise expect us to be at their beck and call. We have various school sites assigned to us and don't have a set schedule. That's why it is imperative they put in tickets. The exception would be if their computer is not working at all or otherwise an urgent problem. That's a different story.
    1
  1274. She's a talk show host. Or was. She's still alive, but I don't think she has her TV show anymore.
    1
  1275.  @Gipfelfini  Still not enough info. What hardware did you give your virtual machine? You have to keep in mind this a 2 year old video. The system requirements for OS's change over time.
    1
  1276. Try using another browser like Firefox or MS Edge. Sometimes some extensions and anti-virus/anti-malware programs can interfere with downloads. As for entering the BIOS, it depends on your computer. I think the easiest way is to hold the left shift key, restart your PC, choose Advanced troubleshooting options and then choose UEFI Firmware. This will take you into the UEFI where you can make changes to it.
    1
  1277. If you look at the downloads page, you'll see 2 main options: virtual machine or bare metal. The VM option is for downloading a pre-built VM. Its an OVA file so you just import that into VBox and that's it. No need to go through the install process. If you still want the ISO file, you choose the bare metal option. There's also a documentation button in the home page. If you're interested in Kali Linux and hacking in general, you will need to think outside the box, so to speak and do a lot of reading on your own; documentation is where you get the information. Not sure what you mean by Virtualbox being revamped. On Windows, the 6.1.32 version (latest one I believe) looks pretty much the same as it does in the video.
    1
  1278. What do you mean? The link for the lab file is in the description.
    1
  1279. What tablet are you trying to ping? I don't believe there are any tablets in the PT file he shared.
    1
  1280. You can likely skip the A+. If you feel confident in networking, I would probably go for the Net+ then the Security+. Having a good understanding of computer networking greatly helps for the Security+.
    1
  1281. What? Running virtual machines is not illegal at all. Using Kali linux is not illegal at all. What you do with it may or may not be illegal. Its like a tool. You can use tools for legitimate purposes just like you can use them for illegitimate purposes.
    1
  1282. If you need the most performance, installing Kali as a dual boot system is the best choice. If you're just learning and playing around with Kali linux installing on a virtual machine is probably the best choice for that.
    1
  1283. Yes, vms can get hacked. A VM is pretty much a virtual computer. The guest operating system is vulnerable to whatever attacks/exploits are available for that version. Your host system shouldn't be affected by the guest getting hacked. Though want to turn off any host to guest (and vice versa) communications like networking, drag and drop, shared clipboard, etc.
    1
  1284. Sure.
    1
  1285. What kind of virtual machine is it? If it is a Windows Server VM, you can have Remote Desktop setup so that any computer on the network can access that vm just as if you were using it in person. VMware ESXi has a web interface you can use to access VMs from within the browser or through a remote console like VMRC.
    1
  1286. There are tons of guides and articles and videos explaining the basics of many of the nearly infinite number of Linux distros out there. I can't post links, but they're easy to find. Pretty much every major Linux distro should have a beginner's guide or getting started guide or similar on their page.
    1
  1287. I don't know his exact cabling setup, but I'm assuming the pfsense box is plugged into a capture device and that device is in turned plugged into the monitor. That's what allows him to record the video coming from the gateway. After you install pfsense, you don't need to directly interact with it. You use another computer to connect to the pfsense box over a web browser to configure it, as he does in the video.
    1
  1288. Yeah good luck with that... No matter your "justification", its still illegal.
    1
  1289. The 7Zip version is a pre-built virtual machine. You just extract the contents of the 7Zip file and run the virtual machine file. That's it. I also strongly suggest reading the documentation on the Kali page.
    1
  1290. Yes you get storage back if you delete the vm.
    1
  1291. Well the switch will learn the new device's MAC address and it to its CAM table.
    1
  1292. Yes virtual machines are a good way to learn about IT systems. You can run many virtual computers and servers on 1 physical machine (assuming your PC is power enough for it) instead of having to buy many physical machines. Virtual machines are used extensively in the IT world, but they don't usually use VirtualBox. They go higher and use type-1 hypervisors where they have dedicated servers that run many virtual machines. But for learning and testing, setting up your own virtualbox setup is good enough.
    1
  1293. Either one works fine. The bare metal option is if you want to download the ISO file and go through the install process. As the name implies, its meant for when you're going to install it on a computer directly; but it will work fine on a vm. The VM option downloads a pre-built VM that you import into VBox and that's it. No need to go through the install process. Just import and you're ready to use it.
    1
  1294. Brand of computer is irrelevant. You can install a Windows VM and use that to open potentially malicious files. You want to disable any host/guest communications to make sure that potential viruses. You also have to keep in mind that some viruses/malware can detect if its running inside of a virtual machine and will not activate. This can lead to potential false negatives.
    1
  1295.  @lee-uf7vx  That sounds like a shady technician. If you're up for the task, you can reinstall the correct Windows on your laptop. You will need access to a working Windows PC though. You will need the Windows 10 Media Creation tool from Microsoft- you can easily find it by doing a quick google search. The tool will let you create a bootable USB installer that you can then use to install Windows on your laptop. Once the USB installer is made, boot your laptop from the USB drive to install Windows. You will need to delete all the w10/w7 partitions. Once that is done, you have a fresh copy of Windows 10 installed on your laptop. You will then need to install the drivers for your laptop model; you can find them from the laptop manufacturer's page.
    1
  1296. Its not meant for gaming, but you can try. It most likely won't work well for modern and technically demanding games.
    1
  1297. What Kali did you download? They have the pre-built machine and the ISO? Need more information.
    1
  1298. Yes of course.
    1
  1299. lmfao. It doesn't work that way. If the police or other alphabet agencies are up your arse, they do it covertly. What leads you to believe they're "watching you"???
    1
  1300. Same overall process. VirtualBox has an option to let you choose the location of the virtual machines. Performance may not be great over USB and on an external hard drive, just be aware.
    1
  1301. Its the same overall process. You just install Windows instead of a Linux distro.
    1
  1302. He has a proxmox video....
    1
  1303. The switch doesn't figure out anything based on IP address. Switches are layer 2 meaning they only work with data frames and MAC addresses. The PC sends a broadcast frame. When the switch receives this frame, it broadcasts (hence the name), the frame to all ports on the switch. All devices on the switch receive this frame but they all ignore it except for the intended recipient. That PC then responds to the sender PC with its MAC address. The sender PC then learns this MAC address and can now send data directly to that other PC.
    1
  1304. An OVA is a pre-built virtual machine. Import it into VBox and that's it; no need to go through the install process. If you still want to do so, choose the bare metal option to download the ISO file.
    1
  1305. You can try, but I believe most proctoring software will detect that you're running a virtual machine.
    1
  1306. These are private IP addresses. They are only used inside of your network. So even though many home networks use the 192.168.1.0/24 subnet mask, it doesn't affect my home network or yours. These IP addresses are not routable. That means they are not used on the internet. In larger networks like in the business and enterprise, you use larger subnets to accommodate more host devices. You can also usually use larger subnets on home routers, but it doesn't really make sense. It is unlikely you will have more than 253 devices on your network at the same time.
    1
  1307. That's how it starts man!
    1
  1308. You can try, but it likely won't work that well. older games like games from 2010 or older may work, but modern games won't work.
    1
  1309. You could use a dedicated web host, but they usually cost money.
    1
  1310. Not to burst your bubble, but this video series is not complete. There is still a substantial of information that he hasn't gone over which is critical to understand for the CCNA exam.
    1
  1311. You can use a single computer and install multiple network cards as needed.
    1
  1312. Extremely unlikely.
    1
  1313. What do you mean?
    1
  1314. As long as it isn't an M1 Mac. M1 CPUs are fundamentally different than Intel/AMD CPUs. To my knowledge, VirtualBox isn't available for M1 CPUs yet. Parallels supposedly works on M1, but I don't have an M1 computer to test with.
    1
  1315. None. Apple doesn't give you any UEFI to work with. If its an Intel Mac, you can just use VirtualBox. But if its an Apple silicon Mac, it won't work. There's no support for Apple M Chips currently.
    1
  1316. So what exactly is your question? If your host computer doesn't have enough physical RAM to run your host OS and guest OS, then you'll need to install more RAM.
    1
  1317. If you want the ISO option, you choose the bare metal option in the downloads page.
    1
  1318. lol
    1
  1319.  @David-xh8ff  I believe VirtualBox lets you share folders from your host OS to your guest OS which appear as a network share. You can use this to share files between your host and guest systems.
    1
  1320. No because iOS runs on iPhones and iPads, not Macs. What you meant was macOS. Technically, you're not supposed to install Mac on a non-Apple computer. Its in the license agreement that no one reads, but still agrees to. Apple designed their system to not work on non-Apple computers, but there are ways on how to do this. I don't know if things have changed in the past few years, but the last time I tried it almost 7 years ago, things like iMessage and FaceTime didn't work because my virtual mac had a fake serial number. I think Apple checked the S/N to make sure it is a real device to allow those services to work. It may be different now, but you may want to double check.
    1
  1321. That's where it depends on the router in question. Usually if you can setup VLANs on your router, you should be able to create firewall rules to allow/disallow inter-vlan communication.
    1
  1322. Definitely learn and practice as much as you can. Don't get discouraged when you get to something you don't understand. Sometimes you have to watch different explanations until it clicks, just like school. I'd say subnetting is probably the concept a lot of people new to networking have trouble with. Its difficult for some people at first to not only understand why, but how its done. Take notes if it will help you remember the key stuff. If/when you're working on projects, keep good documentation. Not only does it help you keep your stuff organized, but it if you're interested in an IT career, it is good to have this skill.
    1
  1323. You could, but the main problem you'll face is the network port. Most laptops only have 1 ethernet port so you will need to buy a USB ethernet adapter. I don't know how well those work with this type of setup.
    1
  1324. lmao. You don't. You can't change your university's campus network.
    1
  1325. That's above the scope of this video, but I believe there are ways to mitigate or prevent ARP poisoning/spoofing. I think one way is to set static ARP entries.
    1
  1326. Its quite a high-level overview. He explains things pretty well, but he doesn't go as in-depth as he should. He calls it "Free CCNA", but his series is incomplete. There are a lot of topics he hasn't covered, or if he did, it was brief.
    1
  1327. There are usually ways around the password if you know how to search on Google for your linux distro. If you don't have anything important, it may be easier to just start over and create a new vm.
    1
  1328. So what exactly do you need help with?
    1
  1329.  @solomonseidu4435  You can spend the time troubleshooting or do a clean install. There are log files that can help point you in the right direction as to why the upgrade is failing. A clean install is much easier, but everything will be erased as part of the process so you want to make a backup of your important stuff before continuing. Its actually prudent to have a backup just in case even if you are doing a Windows upgrade.
    1
  1330. You'll need a larger subnet.
    1
  1331. If your host hardware is good, you can likely run multiple VMs. Just depends on the host hardware and the virtual hardware of each vm and what those guest OS' require.
    1
  1332. You can, but you won't really have too good of an experience. You have to keep in mind that your host system takes up some RAM, so you will be left with maybe 1.5-2GB of RAM for your VM or less.
    1
  1333. In theory you could do that, but the problem is who is going to decide that? How are you going to get ALL companies/parties involved to agree on it? This is a massive undertaking that will require almost re-engineering a lot of things and retrofitting things that were never designed to work in that way. How are you going to support devices that are obsolete or from companies that don't exist anymore? This problem was pretty much solved with IPv6 which has a much larger IP space than IPv4.
    1
  1334. Not sure what you're trying to ask.
    1
  1335.  @boyillahareeshreddy3410  If you install the screen recorder software on the host system, you will be fine. The guest system has no way of knowing what is running on the host system.
    1
  1336. Sure. If you know how and have the correct hardware, mainly a USB Wi-Fi adapter that supports packet injection, sure.
    1
  1337. lmao
    1
  1338. You can add an extra DVD drive or remove the existing ISO and add a new one. What exactly are you trying to do? If you want to install another OS, just create a new VM.
    1
  1339. You don't. Apple doesn't give you that option.
    1
  1340. Its not that hard. A simple Google search will take you to Microsoft's download page. i can't post links since youtube will most likely delete my comment, but it isn't hard to find.
    1
  1341.  @GameBearCartridge  That's normal. You're still expected to observe all licensing requirements when running virtual machines.
    1
  1342. You're asking a lot, dude.
    1
  1343.  @kinstella6211  What host hardware do you have and how much RAM and CPU cores did you give your W10 VM?
    1
  1344. If you have different VLANs, you have create the VLAN interfaces on your router. How you do this depends on your router. Most typical home routers have no support or very limited support for custom VLANs.
    1
  1345. Not quite. A modem's job is to connect your network to your provider's network (like a bridge) via phone line (DSL or dial up) or coaxial cabling (cable internet). The router's job is to route IP packets to and from your home network. Modems and routers sometimes look similar which can make things a bit confusing. To add to the confusion, most ISPs will sell/rent/give you a combo unit (usually called an internet gateway or other fancy marketing term) which almost always includes a modem, router, network switch and wifi in one unit. So instead of having a separate modem and router, they combine both into one box.
    1
  1346. Not directly. you would need to create a virtual hard disk file first. This is essentially a digital copy of the hard drive. There are plenty of programs that do this like Disk2vhd and others. Once you create the virtual file, you attach it to your VM.
    1
  1347. What exactly are you not understanding?
    1
  1348. Have you tried installing the virtual box guest additions?
    1
  1349. I think he added a comment. I don't remember the shortcut though. you can find it by hovering your mouse over the icons and waiting for the little text to indicate what that button does until you find it.
    1
  1350. It looks like you created a broadcast storm on your network. You may want to read up on it. You can't exactly fix this on typical home network switches since they aren't designed to be used in this way.
    1
  1351. I think he will eventually go over that. He's just going little by little.
    1
  1352. You'll probably need to look into thin clients. In short, a thin client is a computer device that by itself doesn't do much. However, it can connect to a server, proxmox in this case, and connect to your virtual machine and act as a real computer. I don't know too much more than that so I don't really know of any projects or software that may be of use for this use case.
    1
  1353. Kinda weird? Is it a very long value? If so, its an IPv6 address. That uses hexadecimal (0-F).
    1
  1354. You would use a VPN service on the vm.
    1
  1355. Download the Windows ISO from Microsoft's page and create your VM. Its the same overall process as he shows in the video, but you substitute the Linux ISO for the Windows ISO you downloaded.
    1
  1356. Did you delete the virtual machine or simply remove it from the list? If you did the latter, it won't delete the virtual machine files. They will still be on the computer, but they won't show up on the list.
    1
  1357. There's no official support for ChromeOS.
    1
  1358. You typed in the command incorrectly. It should be show mac-address-table
    1
  1359. A lot of ISP gateways have a bridge mode or similar function. This allows you to more or less disable the routing function of the gateway and just have it act as a modem. you then plug in your 3rd party router and that will act as the router. How you do this varies between ISPs and gateways. Some may not allow it, others may allow it but have hidden settings and others may give you a guide on how to do it.
    1
  1360. The bare metal option is if you want the ISO file. You would mainly choose that option if you plan on installing Kali to a real computer. The virtual machine option will give you an a OVA file which is a pre-built vm. You just import into VBox and that's it. No need to go through the install process. Either way will work fine, but the OVA option may be easier since its pre-built.
    1
  1361. Its out of the scope of this video. But there's a protocol called DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. Its a protocol that automatically assigns network devices IP addresses. You need a DHCP server for this. In most home networks and small business networks, the router contains the DHCP server. However, in larger and more complex networks like medium and large businesses and enterprise networks, the DHCP server is usually separate to the router. And you may have multiple DHCP servers for different networks and/or for fail over. In short, there are 4 steps for a device to get an IP address - DORA DHCP Discover - The device (say laptop) is trying to discover what DHCP servers are out there in the new network it just connected to DHCP Offer - The DHCP server offers the laptop an IP address DHCP Request - The laptop requests that IP address from the DHCP server DHCP Acknowledge - The laptop and DHCP server acknowledge the information and the laptop know has an IP address
    1
  1362. It is possible for some viruses to be designed to detect if they are running in a VM and not do anything and/or break out of a VM. It is unlikely that viruses for game 'hacks' would have this though.
    1
  1363. It is possible to run macOS on a vm, but its not easy or supported. Apple does not allow you to run macOS on any non-Apple computer. There are tons of guides out there showing you how to install it in a virtual machine. You just have to find a guide that works best. You'll probably be ripping your hair out trying to get it to boot the installer and ripping what's left of your hair getting it to work correctly after installing. Have fun.
    1
  1364. If you're going to ask for help, it kinda helps to know what you mean by "it doesn't work". That is incredibly vague. Not being rude, but working in school IT support, it is frustrating trying to help people who provide little to no information about the problem and just say that it doesn't work.
    1
  1365. At the download page, you have multiple options. If you choose the VM option, you can download an OVA file which is a pre-built VM package. Just import it into VBox and that's it. No need to go through the install process. If you want to do the install process, choose the bare metal option to download the ISO. Either way works the same.
    1
  1366. What?????
    1
  1367. Yes. You typically setup VLANs on your APs that point to your subnets. You can create different SSIDs (wifi network names) for your different subnets or you can get more advanced and create automatic VLAN assignment.
    1
  1368. They already are in a playlist in his channel.
    1
  1369. Yep. Proxmox is a type-1 hypervisor meaning that it is the operating system. Once you install the hypvervisor, you don't usually interact with the system you installed it to. You use a different computer to access the hypervisor via its web interface.
    1
  1370. Its more of a marketing fluff term. A lot of these guys throw the word 'hacking' out there for views. Yes you can use virtual machines to learn to hack things. But it requires a lot of learning and practice. And it isn't as easy as one might think. At least it isn't as easy as you would think given how much they throw the term out there.
    1
  1371. If the VM is powered off, it will not use resources except for disk space. It will continue to use disk space regardless of whether the VM is on or off.
    1
  1372. Yes you can do that, but you have to be careful. You want to isolate your host and guest systems as much as possible.
    1
  1373. You don't need a product key to install Windows 10. At the screen where it asks for one, you will see "I don't have a product key" at the bottom. If you click on it, it will then take you to a screen where you can choose which edition of Windows to install. Of course, without a product key, you won't be able to use the personalization settings and a watermark will appear. Other than that, it will work exactly the same as if you have a key.
    1
  1374. LOL. You spam troll bots are getting more and more clever.
    1
  1375. You use a larger subnet.
    1
  1376. To an extent, yes. But its not like the movies where you can figure out a person's address. There are IP lookup websites where you can enter an IP address and it will give you information such as what internet provider its from, and approximate location like country, state, city, town, etc. It may not be entirely accurate, though.
    1
  1377. The purpose of DNS is to map IP addresses and hostnames. It doesn't have anything to do directly with other protocols.
    1
  1378. What exactly did you try? Installing a virtual machine shouldn't have affected your hard drive in anyway.
    1
  1379. Yes. They're usually fiber optic cables.
    1
  1380. You all right there dude?
    1
  1381. So what exactly are you unsure about?
    1
  1382. You will need a USB wifi adapter to passthrough to the VM. The VM's network connection appears to be wired because from its perspective, it is a wired connection. By default, VMs have a virtual network adapter that functions as if it were an ethernet connection If you want to use wifi on your VM, you need a dedicated USB wifi adapter and enable USB passthrough.
    1
  1383. I believe if you bridge the virtual machine's network adapter with your host system, it will work.
    1
  1384. That depends on how your laptop is configured. If your school's IT team is halfway competent, they would block installs to non-admin users.
    1
  1385. Nope. If you can't recover your Google account, you're pretty much out of luck.
    1
  1386. Not quite. If by servicing machines you're talking about computers, then not really. This video series is mostly aimed at people who are interested in computer networks and the Cisco CCNA exam. If you just want to work on computers, you don't need to know about Cisco stuff. It does help to understand some network concepts, but you don't need to CCNA certified to work on PCs.
    1
  1387. If you're not connected to any network, then you won't have any IP address on your device.
    1
  1388. Nope. Not even a bit. There's still a lot of topics he hasn't covered. I honestly don't think he'll finish this series.
    1
  1389. What do you mean??
    1
  1390. That's normal. An OVA file is a pre-built vm. Just import it into VBox and that's it. No need to go through the install process. If you want the ISO file, choose the bare metal option.
    1
  1391. You can't use this as an ISO since it isn't one; its a 7zip file. This is meant for VMware, not for VirtualBox.
    1
  1392. I think its easier to install the VPN software on your VM rather than on your host system. IT is technically doable, but more complex to setup. If your guest virtual machine gets a virus and is on the VPN network, it could potentially infect your company's network, but I would assume they have reasonable protection on their systems.
    1
  1393. What do you mean by "without restarting it"?
    1
  1394. Kali Linux is a security-oriented distro with a plethora of cyber-security tools and scripts. It is not intended to be used as your main system, but rather as a tool. Ubuntu is a general use system intended for every-day use.
    1
  1395. Where in the video are you asking about?
    1
  1396.  @abul0ksa  Click on the router in question. In the window that appears, click on the CLI tab.
    1
  1397. XP is very outdated and won't work well on the modern web. most websites will refuse to connect or may load poorly if you're trying to use whatever version of Internet Explorer XP shipped with. The next thing I would recommend would be to look for a web browser that still supports XP and install that. You may need to download it on your host system and then transfer it to your guest XP Machine.
    1
  1398. In most instances, your host system will be fine. Just make sure you disable any host/guest communication like shared clipboard, drag and drop, etc.
    1
  1399. Kinda helps to know what error you're getting...
    1
  1400. That depends entirely on your computer's motherboard. There's no universal guide that works across every single computer in existence. I don't know if this still works, but from what I remember, when you clear the CMOS, it will erase any custom settings in the BIOS, including passwords. If this is a modern laptop, this likely won't work.
    1
  1401. There's usually no need to do that.
    1
  1402.  @yourboyMrlizard  I'm having trouble understanding your initial question...
    1
  1403. Of course. There are countless ISOs you can download of Linux and Windows and other systems.
    1
  1404.  @Es00chan  That's what this video is about. Make sure you add your ISO to your VM's DVD drive. Otherwise, your vm will not boot from anything and take you to the shell screen.
    1
  1405. There's a protocol called DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. In short, a DHCP server automatically assigns devices that connect to the network IP addresses and the other required information. You can manually assign IP addresses to devices. This is known as a manual or static IP configuration. It is typically only done in servers and other network equipment and in medium to large networks. Small home networks and small to medium office networks typically have a DHCP server built in to the router. However, in larger and more complex networks, you typically have dedicated servers for DHCP.
    1
  1406. 2 LANs connected together via a router.
    1
  1407.  @JG-mt7eh  Yes, but performance may decrease on both the host and guest systems as updating can be resource intensive. You also have to keep in mind that if you need to reboot your host OS, your guest OS will need to be shut down.
    1
  1408. Yes. If the VM is powered off, it won't take up any resources except for storage. If your VM is 50GB in size, for instance, it will continue to use 50GB of space regardless of it being powered on or off.
    1
  1409.  @rubinanazir2662  At least 20 GB. I'd consider 50.
    1
  1410. You can, but performance may not be great over a USB hard drive. Doesn't hurt to try it.
    1
  1411. Yep.
    1
  1412. I have no idea what you're trying to ask....
    1
  1413. Of course dude.
    1
  1414. If you're trying to access it over the internet, the best way of doing it is through a VPN connection. You will want to setup a VPN server so that you can remove into that network over VPN. Technically can just port forward your Proxmox server to the internet, but its not a wise thing to do in terms of security.
    1
  1415. What exactly is the point of your comment then?
    1
  1416. ??? Smart nobreaks???
    1
  1417. Kinda hard to help without knowing what ain't working.......
    1
  1418.  @sciencetech2545  I can't post links, but there is a short, good help guide from Kali's documentation: Installing VirtualBox Guest Addition (Guest Tools)
    1
  1419. You sure can use a vm to practice. I'm not sure what IP you're referring to. You will probably want to connect your virtual machine to a phone hotspot or other internet connection so that you can practice scanning your main internet connection from a different connection.
    1
  1420. No... doesn't work that way. Your friend would need to buy his/her own internet connection.
    1
  1421. As long as your PC is somewhat powerful, it should work. You have to keep in mind that when you're running virtual machines, those machines also need resources, like CPU and RAM. The more machines you run simultaneously, the more powerful of a system you will need. Especially true if you're running heavy systems like Windows.
    1
  1422. Should be somewhere in the program settings. I don't recall the exact settings, but its in there.
    1
  1423. A type 1 hypervisor is when the operating system is pretty much the hypervisor. This would be something like Hyper-V, ESXi, or Proxmox or similar. VirtualBox and VMware Player are type-2 hypervisors. That means that they get installed like regular computer programs.
    1
  1424. He's using Windows and likely remoting into a Linux server over ssh This assume you already have your Linux server installed and ready for ssh connections.
    1
  1425. Mikrotik is a company that makes routers and switches and other network equipment.
    1
  1426. That should be fine. You just have to point VBox to use your external SSD for the virtual machine storage.
    1
  1427. There is potential for that, but its unlikely. You want to take precautions to isolate your VM as much as possible from your host system.
    1
  1428. Each virtual machine is a different computer, but in a virtual format. Your vms will have different internal IP addresses, but will all share the same public IP address since all internet traffic goes through your router.
    1
  1429. There's a scroll bar at the bottom. Scroll to the right to see the rest of the network.
    1
  1430. So what do you see?
    1
  1431. Yes you're being paranoid. You have to keep in mind that Kali Linux is a security oriented Linux distro. It has tools and programs that can be used in malicious ways just as they can be used in good ways. If you're "paranoid" about Kali Linux being a hacking tool, then I don't think you're the target audience for it.
    1
  1432. Assuming you are using Packet Tracer, you would need to manually configure the router and its interfaces. Cisco IOS routers aren't like your typical home router where you have a fancy web interface. You have to configure them using a command line interface and typing in commands. That is what you will be doing if you decide to pursue a Cisco certification.
    1
  1433. Sure. But do note that virtual machines aren't really ideal for gaming especially VirtualBox. You can try it, but don't expect the performance to be good or even work at all especially with demanding games.
    1
  1434. That's normal.
    1
  1435. Good luck. Most testing software will detect if you're using a virtual machine. I'm sure there are ways to try to work around it, but I don't know of any.
    1
  1436. No certification guarantees a job, but it can certainely help. Do you have any previous IT experience?
    1
  1437. Nope. Apple doesn't give you access to a BIOS interface on their computers.
    1
  1438. Helps to know where it fails. What error do you get??
    1
  1439. I believe he added a note. Pressing the "n" key should let you add a note.
    1
  1440. lmfao. You're asking for a free pc and monitor and want it asap? What a clown.
    1
  1441. Right click the virtual machine entry and select Remove.
    1
  1442. That is correct. Switches are layer 2 devices that work with frames and MAC addresses. Now there are some Layer 3 switches out there, but I don't know how common they are.
    1
  1443. He has a CCNA playlist with subnetting videos.
    1
  1444. A vm won't have the full performance as if it were installed directly on the computer, but it doesn't mean it will be completely slow and laggy. A lot depends on your host hardware and how many CPU cores and RAM you assign to your VM. If you only have 4 GB of physical RAM and a 10 year old CPU, then of course your guest systems won't run great.
    1
  1445.  @swit5711  You can, but you still need to be careful. Make sure to disable any host to virtual settings like the clipboard, drag and drop, and shared folders. You also want to disable the VM's network adapter.
    1
  1446. I don't fully understand computer security, but one of the ways people do this is by looking at the network. If they find a device of interest, they can try to figure out if that device has any known weak spots, or exploits. They then take advantage of the exploits to get inside the network.
    1
  1447. Of course.
    1
  1448.  @nightstar_ken  Yes, but it is based on the interfaces. As I said, the routers typically have 2 interfaces each with their own MAC addresses.
    1
  1449. Same overall process.
    1
  1450. Of course. You can install pretty much any OS you want.
    1
  1451. You will likely need to give your vm more disk space.
    1
  1452. What Windows version are you trying to install?
    1
  1453.  @kermitthethanos7518  When it asks what installation you want (upgrade or custom), you choose custom. You cannot upgrade Windows if there is no Windows OS installed. The Upgrade option would only be used if your PC (or VM in this case) has Windows already installed and you wanted to upgrade to a newer version (like W7 to W10 for example).
    1
  1454. Chromebooks don't have a user interface, to my knowledge, for UEFI. There is no official support for VirtualBox on ChromeOS, but if your CB supports Linux apps, you can run a Linux version of VirtualBox. There are plenty of guides on how to enable Linux support and install VBox. Just keep in mind that Chromebooks tend to have pretty low-end hardware, so depending on what OS you plan on running in a vm and what games you want to play, performance may be abysmal.
    1
  1455. You're better off watching Cisco switch file management videos for specific information.
    1
  1456. The virtual machine will most likely work fine for what the job requires. Ideally, you want your Mac to have a decent amount of RAM and storage. Windows 10 won't work great if it has less than 4GB of RAM, so you ideally want at least 8, preferably 16 GB of RAM on your Mac. You also need at least 25 GB of storage to dedicate to the VM.
    1
  1457. This video is about a different type of network architecture. Its when you have a main office, for instance, and need to connect remote offices back to a main headquarters.
    1
  1458. You have to understand what a Type-1 Hypervisor is. This means that the computer you installed Proxmox onto IS the server running virtual machines. The intended use case is to access the proxmox server through another computer via the web interface. You don't directly interact with the server anymore after you install it. I believe you can install a desktop interface on Proxmox, but that's not the intended way of using it.
    1
  1459. Kind of. Apple does not allow you (its in the terms of service that no one reads but still accepts) to install macOS on a non-Apple computer. It can be done, but is not that easy nor is it supported.
    1
  1460. It has 2 network interfaces.
    1
  1461. You can only pass through a USB Wi-fi adapter. You can't create one virtually.
    1
  1462. What PC do you have? If its still running Windows 7 its probably fairly old and not that powerful relative to today's standards.
    1
  1463. VMs aren't exactly meant for gaming, at least not without some extra configuration.
    1
  1464.  @WaynPeller  You're supposed to install the drivers for the VM. VirtualBox calls it the guest additions. it mounts it in the VM's DVD drive and you install it. It also depends on your host hardware as well as how much RAM/ CPU you give the VM. VMs will generally be slower than on real hardware but not terribly slow.
    1
  1465.  @WaynPeller  That's because you're using a 13 year old CPU. I don't know what host OS you're using but you have to consider that it (the host OS) will take up RAM as well as the host system.
    1
  1466. of course.
    1
  1467. Are both of your devices connected to the same internet connection? If they are and you see 2 different IPv6 address, then that's because ISPs provide a lot of IPv6 addresses to different devices. IPv4 on the other hand is a much smaller address space so if your devices are connected to the same wifi network, they will have the same public IPv4 address.
    1
  1468. You need to remove the ISO from the VM's virtual DVD drive.
    1
  1469. Yes you can install virtual machines to an external hard drive. You just have to change the default virtual machine location inside of the program's settings. Just note that performance over USB may not be great especially with a hard drive. If its an external SSD, it likely will work fine.
    1
  1470. ehh. kind of. He's an enthusiastic instructor but he lacks a lot of depth and information. Not knocking him, but once you get past the basic stuff he teaches, you will quickly see that he doesn't go as in-depth as he should.
    1
  1471. If you have an Intel-based Mac, you can run VirtualBox. However, if it is a newer Mac, the ones that run Apple Silicon (M1/M2 etc) then this won't work. Those CPUs are fundamentally different than Intel CPUs and there is no Apple Silicon version of VBox. You can use something like Parallels or UTM.
    1
  1472. If you downloaded the pre-built Kali image for VBox, you should be able to just open the vbox file (smallest file size) and the virtual machine should startup.
    1
  1473.  @jokerlo87  not sure what that means....
    1
  1474. pfSense is a router/firewall software. Pi-Hole is a DNS server that can block ads at the domain level. I don't think pi-Hole has anything to do with VPN. That would be at the router level. You can have both pfSense and Pi-hole running in tandem on your network.
    1
  1475. Click on the PC icon and then the "Desktop tab". Click on command prompt.
    1
  1476. You download the microsoft media creation tool. This tool will let you download a Windows 10 ISO which you can then use in VirtualBox.
    1
  1477. Are you still able to ping your router from your computer? If it still doesn't work, you can factory reset your router to start over.
    1
  1478. What do you mean?
    1
  1479. Yes you can run viruses on a virtual machine. Some viruses can detect that they're running in a virtual environment and won't run which may lead to a false negative. It is possible for some very sophisticated malware to break out of a virtual machine. I don't believe its a very common occurrence, but it has been known to happen. In most instances, as long as you turn off all host/guest communication, you should be ok.
    1
  1480. For a little bit, I created a bogus SSID called : COVID_LAB 😆😆
    1
  1481. Yes you can run viruses on teh vm. As long as you disable any host/guest communications, you should be mostly fine. There are some viruses that can escape a vm environment, but they're rare. Also, some viruses can detect if they're running inside of a virtual machine and won't run which may lead to false negative.
    1
  1482. You may want to use a different channel like Jeremey's IT Lab or David Bombal. NetworkChuck is a good presenter, but he doesn't go as deep as he should if he wants to call this a a "CCNA" playlist. He goes over some general network topics which is great, but it is brief.
    1
  1483.  @Waleed_diaries  lol dude.
    1
  1484. If this is a desktop computer, you may be able to take out the CMOS battery and clear the CMOS settings to remove the BIOS password. If its a laptop, its probably not feasible to easily remove it.
    1
  1485. The switch itself doesn't tell the computer the MAC address of the other devices. The switch's CAM table is just use for its internal use.
    1
  1486. I would try re-installing Kali Linux. I would also fully update it after its finished installing.
    1
  1487. There are countless videos on YT explaining this very thing. If you search for "Windows 10 install virtualbox", you'll find plenty of videos. What specifically isn't working?
    1
  1488. Not quite. VMs are not really meant for gaming. If your host hardware/software is not good enough to run the game, it won't run on the VM. Or if it does somehow run, it may not have good performance.
    1
  1489. You have to keep in mind that Kali Linux is a security-oriented system. It has tools that can be labeled as "malicious".
    1
  1490. No. Your host system has to be powered on in order for the guest OS systems to work.
    1
  1491. The thing is VMs aren't really meant for gaming. You can try to run your game, but it may or may not work well depending on the game and the vm's hardware.
    1
  1492.  @misclic2408  The vm will have a different identifier than your host system. So the game developer should see that you're playing on a different computer. Though it may be possible that they flag your account so even if you're using a new system, they may not let you play under that same account.
    1
  1493. Yes, you can use DHCP. However, you will need to configure your DHCP server to work across the different subnets. How you do this depends on the DHCP server/router you have and its configuration settings.
    1
  1494. You use a larger IP address space, in short, a different subnet mask.
    1
  1495.  @xMhmDhD  Can you try one at a time? Disable DMZ and just port forward. Does that improve anything? Then disable port forwarding and set your PS5 in the DMZ and see if that improves anything.
    1
  1496. Nope. Not in the slightest. This "CCNA" course is so far from being complete it really shouldn't be called CCNA. There's still way too much material missing. And you wouldn't really need all of this for 'hacking'. You'll want a solid understanding of computer networking, but you will need to use other resources.
    1
  1497. You can try, but it probably won't work well. VMs from Virtualbox aren't exactly meant for gaming. Performance likely won't be great especially if you're trying to run high-end games.
    1
  1498. There's something wrong with your Windows install if its using 8 GB of RAM while idling. I know Windows is a RAM hog, but it doesn't us that much idling in normal circumstances. Do you have a lot of programs open or at startup? Anyways, you should be fine with giving Kali Linux 4 GB of RAM, if not up to 8 GB of RAM.
    1
  1499. What activation key are you referring to? If its for Windows, the licensing agreement that no one reads, but still accepts states that you can only use a product key on 1 computer. If you want to transfer the license to another system, you can, but you have to deactivate that copy of Windows. Most other programs that use some sort of copy protection system work the same way.
    1
  1500. Try giving your virtual machine more disk space. This is a nearly 3 year old video so the requirements of the systems have likely changed
    1
  1501. How much RAM and CPU cores are you giving your virtual machines? What is your laptop's hardware?
    1
  1502. You don't. The closest you can get is Android by using Android-x86 which is a version of Android designed to run on AMD/Intel CPUs. macOS and iOS are designed to work only on Apple hardware. You can technically run macOS on a virtual machine, but it isn't all that easy again since it is designed to run only Apple computer. iOS is only designed to work on iPhones.
    1
  1503. On W10 Pro, Education, etc. Its not available on W10 Home.
    1
  1504. All that is just hollywood nonsense. "Hacking" in movies is completely unrealistic.
    1
  1505. No. That only happens in movies. Your cell carrier can approximate your location, but they don't usually disclose that information unless required by law enforcement.
    1
  1506. See if your ISP router has an IP passthrough mode. This should allow the ISP router to pass all internet traffic to your pfsense box. You'll need to read the documentation for the router or contact your ISP for more info.
    1
  1507. What hardware does the laptop have? Mainly CPU and RAM. Windows 7 isn't supported as a host system anymore. SO you'll need to use an older version of Virtual box.
    1
  1508. You can put virtual machines on USB drives, but I don't know how good the performance would be. I would recommend a USB 3.0 device at least and ample storage. An external SSD may be a better choice.
    1
  1509. Sure thing spam bot...
    1
  1510. What are you blabbering on about? Your internet options depend on where you live. You'll need to check your local internet providers to see what services they offer in your area.
    1
  1511. It would be extremely unlikely. His videos are decent, but he still lacks a lot of information that is on the exam. And I do mean a lot. He hasn't even shown you how to configure a Cisco router or a switch.
    1
  1512.  @allinzaya7057  Jeremy's IT Lab has good CCNA videos. He May not be as energetic as Network Chuck, but his series is complete.
    1
  1513. lol no. This has nothing to do with your internet connection.
    1
  1514. You may want to watch the next videos. He goes over that.
    1
  1515. How does that work when the branch offices are not in the same area?
    1
  1516. Maybe, maybe not. Certifications aren't guarantee for getting a job, but they can help. CCNA is not exactly an entry-level certification. If you're going for the CCNA, you should ideally already have some general IT knowledge and experience.
    1
  1517. Type 1 hypervisors are meant to be used on a computer/server dedicated to virtual machines. The way you described your setup is fine for your use case. Type 1 hypervisors are used in business enviornments where they need many virtual machines or servers instead of having many physical servers.
    1
  1518. You can use either one. He was just showing you that you can create and run multiple virtual machines.
    1
  1519. That depends on your router. Typical home routers have limited settings when it comes to creating different subnets/VLANs. its not feasible for him to create a guide that works on every single router.
    1
  1520. No. Its still a LAN. WAN refers to a large geographic area.
    1
  1521. Pretty much, but type 1 hypervisors let you setup a virtualization server to run many different virtual machines.
    1
  1522. Nope. Still a lot of information missing.
    1
  1523. lmao. Of course dude... What kind of question is that? Safe??? What would be unsafe about this??
    1
  1524. I think you can try Parallels for Mac, but I've never used it and its not free.
    1
  1525. Just the way the router is setup. I know Comcast routers use that 10.x.x.x IP network.
    1
  1526. What version of Kali did you download? If you downloaded the virtual machine option, it downloaded an OVA file which is a pre-built vm. You just import that OVA file into VBox and you're good to go. If you want to go the install route, you download the ISO (bare metal option) and attach that ISO to the VM's DVD drive.
    1
  1527. Do you have previous IT or computer knowledge or experience? CCNA isn't exactly a beginner-level IT topic. It greatly helps to have already computer knowledge. There are no formal requirements for the CCNA, though.
    1
  1528. It will still use up disk space whether or not the vm is running. Otherwise the other resources are not in use if the virtual machine is not powered on. Its like a real computer in the sense that if the PC is turned off, the RAM and CPU are not actively being used.
    1
  1529. What doesn't work? What's forbidden? Kinda hard help without details. Not being rude or snarky, but working in tech support, it gets beyond frustrating when people say "doesn't work" and no details.
    1
  1530. What part are you asking about?
    1
  1531. He has a few videos much later in the series that go over MAC addresses and IP addresses. Might be a good idea to check them out.
    1
  1532.  @noapoleon_  Those are spam troll bots.
    1
  1533. There's a scroll bar at the bottom. Scroll to the right to see the rest of the network setup.
    1
  1534. You may need to redownload the ISO of whatever Linux system you're trying to install. Its possible it may have gotten corrupted.
    1
  1535. If you want the ISO, choose the bare metal option. An OVA file is a pre-built VM; just import it into VBox and you're done.
    1
  1536. Does it throw an error message when you try powering on?
    1
  1537.  @napolitan8073  But what does the exact error message say?
    1
  1538.  @napolitan8073  Well you answered your own question. Its telling you that you don't have virtualization enabled in the BIOS.
    1
  1539.  @napolitan8073  What CPU do you have? If its an AMD CPU, its usually called SVM and/or AMD-V
    1
  1540. You first need to enable bridge mode. Though to my knowledge, unless you have the old DSL service, Bridge mode doesn't exist with U-verse/fiber internet from AT&T. Its IP passthrough since AT&T uses proprietary authentication stuff which means you always need the AT&T gateway. Once you enable passthrough, you can connect your pfsense box to the gateway with an ethernet cable. You then connect another ethernet cable from the pfsense box to your switch. In the configuration setup, you can assign which port is the WAN and LAN port.
    1
  1541. It looks like you have a double NAT issue. Your personal router and ISP router are on different subnets. There's no real reason to do this. If you want to use your personal router as the main router, you ideally want to put your ISP modem/router into bridge mode (if its a combo unit) or similar so that your router is the only router.
    1
  1542. Routers typically have at least 2 interfaces: one that is assigned to the internal network and one that is for WAN. They both have different MAC addresses. Its something I wish NWC would explain. He touts this is as a CCNA course, but there are many things that he has missed due to the series being incomplete. Something like this is a little detail, but it is important to know to truly understand what's going on in the network.
    1
  1543. No. He just uses it as an example. You can install whatever system you want on your virtual machine.
    1
  1544. Everything would need to be updated in order to support a new IP standard. This would be impractical because there are many companies that no longer exist and/or don't provide updates to certain devices or software versions.
    1
  1545. Of course. There's no VBox version for Raspberry Pi's. Those use fundamentally different CPUs than typical Windows PCs so the software won't work.
    1
  1546. Your router has no way of connecting to the internet provider without a modem. I doubt any internet provider gives you an ethernet connection. You need a modem (cable modem or DSL modem) to connect to your internet provider.
    1
  1547. Right Ctrl+F puts the VM in full screen. You most likely need to install the virtualbox guest additions to whatever guest OS you install in order to get proper scaling and resolution.
    1
  1548. Its best to avoid boot camps and/or for-profit schools. They are usually not a good value and way overpriced. We have to make sure you're on the right page. The CompTIA A+ certification is not the same computer science. Computer science deals with how computers work at a deep level. The A+ certification is a certification you earn to prove that you can fix computers (hardware and software-wise) and work on small business computer systems like PCs, laptops, mobile phones, printers, basic router configuration etc.
    1
  1549.  @mansart26  I'm pretty sure it means hosts per network.
    1
  1550. You're honestly better off checking other forums or subreddits. He's from the USA so he likely wouldn't know what you can/can't do with your internet connection.
    1
  1551. It may be easier to connect your computer to your phone's data connection and run the commands on the computer itself. But if you can get nmap on your phone, it should work.
    1
  1552. Do you have any IT experience or experience working with computers? If not, I would probably start with the ITF+ (if you know little to nothing about computers or IT) or the A+ Cert videos if you have some knowledge of computers already.
    1
  1553. Yep.
    1
  1554. If the VM is off, it won't use RAM or CPU.
    1
  1555. We've already more or less run out of IPv4 addresses, yet the internet still works. A lot of ISPs have already been using IPv6 for years
    1
  1556. lmao. Went way off the rails really quickly 🤣🤣
    1
  1557. Kali Linux is based on Debian which Ubuntu is also based from. In other words, they're similar systems at the core so that's why Ubuntu is selected.
    1
  1558. What doesn't work? error messages?
    1
  1559. The default gateway is a client device and requires its own IP. You don't absolutely need a default gateway if none of your computers will need to talk to another network.
    1
  1560. I'm not an advanced network user, but I managed to setup pfSense without much hassle a few years ago.
    1
  1561. There's a project aimed at getting Anrdoid on regular computers. I believe its called Android-x86 or similar.
    1
  1562. Yes you can install multiple network cards to a computer. It likely won't help improve network speed unless you setup some sort of link aggregation setup. If you need high performance networking on a PC, you're probably better off using fiber connections between your PC and your switch. However, this requires an SFP card.
    1
  1563. What error do you get?
    1
  1564. Probably not. Running virtual machines does add some overhead. If you're just testing or experimenting, it probably will be fine. But if you wanted to do this in a production environment, you will want something different. Like using a type 1 hypervisor (ESXi, Hyper-V, etc).
    1
  1565. Kinda hard to help without details....
    1
  1566. You install whatever system you want. He's just showing that as a demo. You install 1 OS per virtual machine. I guess technically you can create a multi-boot virtual machine, but it just makes more sense to install on separate VMs.
    1
  1567. 🤣🤣 I did that once. I was an IT tech intern at a local dried fruit company. I was remotely helping an employee who works in a different state I believe. I did ipconfig /release and my remote session over Teamviewer stopped. It took me a few seconds to realize why it did that. I had to call back the person and ask them if they can type in ipconfig /renew so that their computer would get a new IP address. Definitely a lesson learned.
    1
  1568. You may want to give the virtual machine more disk space, say 50 - 100 GB.
    1
  1569.  @code-112-q9z  How about RAM? I would consider at least 6 GB of RAM. If it still fails, you may need to redownload the Kali Linux ISO and start over.
    1
  1570.  @code-112-q9z  and if you delete the virtual machine and create a new one and try again?
    1
  1571.  @code-112-q9z  I really don't know what to tell you. The only other thing to try is to use the pre-built virtual machine instead of going through the install process with the ISO file.
    1
  1572. That should be fine, but also keep in mind RAM. I would consider at least 32 GB of RAM for your host system.
    1
  1573. Doesn't work that way my dude....
    1
  1574. If you want the ISO file, choose the bare metal option. If you want a pre-built VM, choose the virtual machine option to download the OVA file. In short, an OVA is a pre-built VM; you just import it into VirtualBox and that's it. No need to go through the install process. You have to keep in mind that running a virtual machine will require more resources. If your laptop cannot handle the programs you mentioned, it probably won't handle them very well on a virtual machine either.
    1
  1575. Microsoft has a media creation tool page. Download that tool and it will ask you if you want to make a USB installer or burn to a DVD. Choose the latter and it will download the W10 ISO for you.
    1
  1576. Yes. But they will have the same public IP address as all internet traffic still goes through your router. Only way to get another public IP is to use a VPN or a different internet connection for that VM.
    1
  1577. are you using a physical CD drive or the virtual CD drive?? What guest system did you install? What type of software are you trying to install?? Kinda hard to help without details.
    1
  1578.  @yossi778  Each device needs its own unique IP address. That's why all the devices inside your home network all have different IP addresses than each other. Its the same principle with public IP addresses. All devices need their own unique public IP. We don't have enough IPv4 addresses for all devices that exist in the world, so that's why NAT was created. It allows your router to share a single public IPv4 address with all of the devices inside of your network.
    1
  1579. No you can't do that anyways. Apple doesn't give you a way to interact with the UEFI like with a typical PC. The more important question is if your Mac supports VBox. If you have an Intel-based Mac, you should be ok. If you have an Apple Silicon Mac, it won't work. You'll need to use something like Parallels or UTM
    1
  1580. Not every motherboard/BIOS has exactly the same options or wording. You'll need to look around the BIOS on your system.
    1
  1581. Doesn't really make a difference.
    1
  1582. You need more practice and better videos. I'm not saying Network Chuck's videos are bad. They're quite good and entertaining. However, his video series is very far from complete. There's still a lot of information (and I do mean a lot) that he hasn't covered. He hasn't even shown you how to configure a Cisco router and a switch! That's kind of important to know how to do... He's a great presenter, but he still needs a ton of work to get this anywhere close to being a "complete" training series. I recommend Jeremy's IT Lab CCNA course on YouTube. He may not be as enthusiastic as NWC, but his series is pretty good and actually complete.
    1
  1583. So what exactly are you downloading? From where?
    1
  1584. No it doesn't use memory if the VM/virtualbox is not open.
    1
  1585. You're supposed to install the OS in the virtual machine. If you simply boot off of the ISO, and don't go through the install process, that's known as a Live CD. its no different than if you put the CD into a real PC and booted from it. It makes sense since you're running the OS from the CD and not from internal disc.
    1
  1586.  @briappa6670  no.... You mount the ISO as normal. You power on your virtual machine. Most live CD environments will have an "install" option on the desktop that you click on and the installer pops up. You go through the install process. Once its done, it usually prompts you to remove the disk (you unmount the ISO in the case of a virtual machine) and then restart the machine. Once it comes up again, the machine will boot from its virtual hard drive with the new OS install.
    1
  1587. Virtual machines are inherently slower than running on a real computer. A lot depends on your host hardware and how much CPU cores and RAM you give your VM.
    1
  1588. Sure. The interface will look very different, but the overall core concepts are still the same.
    1
  1589. If the switch interface is slower than the internet connection, then yes it will affect the speed. In most typical networks, there are 3 main speeds: 10 Mbps, 100, Mbps, and 1,000 Mbps (1 Gbps). If you have a 50 Mbps internet connection, but have a 10 Mbps switch, then you will get up to 10Mbps regardless of your internet connection speed or your computer's speed. Most, if not all consumer level routers and switches and the small business equipment support gigabit speeds so this will likely not be a problem unless you have an internet connection faster than a gigabit. There are enterprise level switches that support insanely fast speeds like 100Gbps.
    1
  1590. The VPN service/app needs to be installed on each of your devices that you want VPN access. Most typical home network switches are unmanaged meaning you cannot configure anything on them.
    1
  1591. Right ctrl key+F to enter full screen. You may need to install the VirtualBox Guest additions in order to get the resolution to scale correctly.
    1
  1592. Can you verify that your Kali vm has internet access?
    1
  1593.  @Ghazala128  sorry. I'm not familiar with that setup. That's different than running it through virtualbox.
    1
  1594. If you want the pre-built VM, you download the OVA file (section that says for VM). If you want to go through the installation process, you download the ISO file by choosing the bare metal option.
    1
  1595. It shouldn't. Its prudent to disable any host to guest (and vice versa) communication as well any networking features of the vm.
    1
  1596. He says it right a 5:09: counting all the network bits. Remember, IPv4 addresses are 32 bit addresses divided in to 4 octets. Each octet has 8 bits.
    1
  1597. There are higher end routers that can operate at higher levels of the OSI model. They may do things like packet inspection or SSL decryption, etc. But they have to be specifically configured for that. That's typically only done in businesses or larger organizations for data protection.
    1
  1598. Make sure you gave the virtual disk enough space. I would give it at least 50 GB.
    1
  1599. This is probably not the best way to do that. Ideally, you want to boot your PC from a Live CD that contains data recovery tools like PhotoRec or similar. I don't think VirtualBox has official support for passing through a hard drive. I know you can use USB-Passthrough, but it can be finicky at times.
    1
  1600. Download the Media Creation tool from Microsoft and download the ISO file from the tool. You then add the ISO file to your VM's DVD drive.
    1
  1601. For me it was when I was working in a dried fruit company as an IT intern. I was aware of vms already, but I didn't know about type-1 hypervisors like ESXi, which is what they used. I remember 1 day I went through their little data center and saw several servers. I asked what they were for and one of the server guys told me that they were for virutalizing. I was amazed at how many virtual servers they were running on just 2-3 physical servers. A few months after that, I bought my own HP workstation PC from eBay for about $40 and another $40-$50 in some RAM, CPU, and storage and a copy of ESXi they graciously donated to me.
    1
  1602. What part of the video are you asking about?
    1
  1603. That's just how networks work. The first IP is the network ID. It identifies the network. The last address is the broadcast address. It is used to send broadcasts to all devices on that subnet.
    1
  1604. We don't really use IP classes anymore. Its more efficient to create subnets as necessary. IPv6 is not very popular from what I can tell in the business world.
    1
  1605. You can, but should you? Do you have any prior IT or computer knowledge?
    1
  1606. Same as on a regular PC. You download the program and install. If you've ever installed a computer program, its literally the same process on a VM.
    1
  1607. lmao. What do you mean? What AV are you using that's telling you that they have malware on them?
    1
  1608. You can add more RAM to your VM, but you have to be mindful of how much RAM is on your computer. You can't give your VM more RAM than you physically have.
    1
  1609. lol. Good luck. Virtual machines like VirtualBox aren't really meant for gaming, especially newer 3D games. You can try it, but don't expect good performance.
    1
  1610.  @Dillkeyz  I don't remember his setup, but it uses virtual machines. But its a more advanced version where you setup a hypervisor and install virtual machines on it. You have to setup a PCI-E pass-through so that the virtual machine has access to a graphics card. It is doable but way more complex to setup.
    1
  1611. At its current state, it is nowhere near complete. There's still a lot of information he hasn't gone over which is important to know for the CCNA. He hasn't even shown you how to configure a Cisco router or a switch.
    1
  1612. Switches are used to physically connect devices in a network. For wireless networking, you need a wifi access point. In typical home/small business networks, the router acts as a router, network switch and wifi access point in one unit. In larger networks, you typically have dedicated wifi access points installed throughout the work area as needed to provide wifi connectivity. Those APs connect to a network switch with an ethernet cable.
    1
  1613. Its in the end devices section on the bottom left corner.
    1
  1614.  @MrWildoutlaw4440  There's no easy way to tell without already having working knowledge of computers and networks. You can do an IP lookup to see where that IP address is from, but the information you may find may or may not be helpful.
    1
  1615. When your vm is powered off or suspended, it won't use any RAM.
    1
  1616. What exactly are you afraid of?
    1
  1617. By default, VBox will create a virtual network adapter for your VM which will let you use the internet on the VM. As far as the VM is concerned, this is an etherent connection.
    1
  1618. Of course. You just plug in the NAS to an ethernet port on your switch, and that's it. You will need to configure the NAS to setup your drives and network shares, though.
    1
  1619. The switch is a layer 2 device and doesn't understand what an IP address is. There are layer 3 switches that can deal with IP routing, but that's a different story. Say you have a small network of 5 PCs - PC-1 - PC-5. Each has its own IP address assigned and you want PC-1 to ping PC-4. When you ping, PC-1, first sends an ARP broadcast message. This message basically asks what the MAC address of x IP address is. In this case, it is asking for PC-4's MAC address. The broadcast message arrives at the switch. As I mentioned, the layer 2 switch doesn't understand IP addresses, but it looks at the destination MAC address. Broadcast frames are FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF. This tells the switch to forward that frame to all ports. So PC-2,PC-3, PC-4, and PC-5 all receive that broadcast frame. All computers except for PC-4 drop this broadcast. PC-4 responds to PC--1 with its MAC address. PC-1 learns this MAC address and can then send the ping message to PC-4.
    1
  1620.  @brainoverload6288  You pretty much answered your question: Port forwarding. Port forwarding is used to forward ports, as the name implies from an external network to a device inside a network. In other words, if you have a web server in your home network, you can only access its webpages on devices inside of your home network. And if you want to access that web server from outside the network, you have to forward the necessary port(s) (80 for HTTP and 443 for HTTPS). So when you try accessing the web server from outside your network, your request arrives at your router. The router then forwards that HTTP request to the specified port and host inside of your network. In this case, it sends the HTTP request to your web server at port 80.
    1
  1621. The switch has a CAM table. In short, when you plug in a device to the switch, the switch learns that device's MAC address and stores it in the CAM table as well as what port on the switch its plugged into. When the switch has a data frame to send, it looks in its CAM table to figure out what port to send the frame to.
    1
  1622. Not every computer and BIOS has exactly the same configuration options as other systems. Sometimes the wording is different or the interface or options are different.
    1
  1623. I have Comcast too and have never needed to spoof my MAC address. I just power cycled the modem after I plugged int my pfsense box and it picked up a public IP from Comcast.
    1
  1624.  @jaycahow4667  Interesting. I guess I learned something new today.
    1
  1625. That's why adblockers exist. SponsorBlock also helps a lot with built-in ads on videos.
    1
  1626. lmao
    1
  1627. Yes you can do that.
    1
  1628. VMware was bought out by Broadcom a while back. That's one of many changes they made: removing free trials. They're moving/have moved to a subscription model instead of buying a perpetual license.
    1
  1629. You can try, but its most likely not going to work well. VMs aren't exactly meant for gaming.
    1
  1630. How much disk space did you give your VM's hard drive? It looks like Ubuntu requires at least 25 GB of drive storage to install.
    1
  1631. There is nothing illegal about using a virtual machine. You still technically have to follow all software license agreements though for the software you are planning on using, though.
    1
  1632. MAC addresses are used in layer 2 of the OSI model. That deals with data frames and MAC addresses and network switches. Switches are used to connect devices in a network segment together. That's why they use MAC addresses.
    1
  1633. Even if he does "see" your comment, what do you expect him to do? he's not a magician. He can't magically get your account back. Any "hacking" attempts are still illegal regardless of your justification.
    1
  1634. Of course.
    1
  1635. It downloaded just fine for me. Have you tried using a different web browser?
    1
  1636. Its up to you. For most things, PacketTracer is fine. If you do have the option to buy some older Cisco equipment, I would also use that to learn. That way, you have actual hands-on experience working with the real hardware. Packet Tracer is great for simulating a bunch of different hardware and settings.
    1
  1637. I don't understand what the problem is. It doesn't matter if you're on a desktop computer or laptop. And if you have to ask how to hack someone by their phone, good luck. You still have a lot to learn to "hack".
    1
  1638. They have routing tables that they use to figure out where to send IP packets to. There are a few protocols used by routers to determine the best route.
    1
  1639. You'll still need a router in order to have your network work. Unifi switches, are not routers.
    1
  1640. That would be your public IP address. If your internet provider has IPv6 enabled, you will probably see a very long string of letters and numbers.
    1
  1641. I work in a school district in IT support and its the same thing. To my knowledge, we have no plans for the foreseeable future to enable IPv6.
    1
  1642. Not necessarily. Most home routers will create a VLAN for your home network that is isolated. In other words, the guest network cannot talk to the main home network and vice versa.
    1
  1643. Kinda hard to help without more info...
    1
  1644. Computers are different between manufacturers, that's why the BIOS interface looks different. They all have most of the same features and options, but usually in a different interface and/or name. You'll need to install the virtualbox guest additions. These are basically additions that allow your guest operating system to work correctly. I believe if you update your Kali Linux install, it will automatically download and install them for you. After that, it should automatically adjust the resolution and scaling.
    1
  1645. What do you mean?
    1
  1646. Every computer will be a bit different. The menu options and interfaces will look different across brands and models. Some manufacturers disable certain features or give you very limited control compared to others. So you'll just have to look around to see what's available for your specific system.
    1
  1647. Not likely. Smartphones use CPUs fundamentally different than a computer's CPU. VirtualBox is designed to run on Intel or AMD CPUs which no smartphone uses.
    1
  1648. Well what's the exact error message?
    1
  1649. With what?
    1
  1650. No. This series is far from complete. I honestly don't know if he will ever finish his training series. He hasn't even gone over any Cisco-specific material. You're better off watching Jeremy's IT Lab.
    1
  1651. Correct.
    1
  1652. interface. Its a port (physical or virtual) on a switch or router where you plug in a cable to establish connectivity.
    1
  1653. macOS? There aren't any official ones. Apple doesn't want you to install macOS on a non-Apple computer. There are plenty of less legitimate ways of obtaining it if you know how and where to look.
    1
  1654. The "layman" isn't watching a CCNA training series.
    1
  1655. Yes you would just need the MAC address. In practice, we primarily use IP addresses to send data to other computers even within the same network.
    1
  1656. No. Virtual machines aren't exactly meant for this use case. You could probably do it, but it may not be a simple task.
    1
  1657.  @wokkeredmi2193  Nope. Like I said, your typical VMs aren't meant for this use. Linus Tech Tips has a video about something like this. I can't post links since YT delete my comment, but its called "Nvidia tried so hard to stop this".
    1
  1658. Yep. A lot of the time, it is who you know, not what you know.
    1
  1659. I'm not familiar with Proxmox. However, using Wi-Fi doesn't appear to be officially supported. These types of servers are only intended to be used hardwired. It looks like there are guides on how to get this to work over WI-Fi, but your mileage may vary so good luck with that. You can also consider using powerline network adapters. They let you send your network connection over your home's electrical wiring. They don't always work well though, and again, your mileage may vary. If you have coax cabling near your Proxmox server, you can look into MoCa adapters. They work in a similar fashion to the powerline adapters, but they use coax cabling instead of electrical wiring.
    1
  1660. Did you passthrough the USB Wi-Fi adapter? There should be USB settings in the VM settings.
    1
  1661. It all depends on the needs of the business. Not all businesses have the same needs. Smaller businesses likely won't need a complex network setup. They usually just need an internet connection and maybe a file server. However, when you get into larger networks, their needs are different. I worked at a dried fruit company. Where I worked, it was the main production facility and HQ. However, we had numerous dryer locations throughout the state. All of those sites reported back their production to a custom built server application. They all need and internet connection of some sort. As I recall, we had a metro ethernet setup. We would have a company install a network connection. Through the magic of MetroE, all of the sites had network connectivity with our HQ even if they were 100+ miles away.
    1
  1662. Good luck. His series is far from being complete. I honestly don't know if he will ever finish it. There are still way too many topics he hasn't gone over.
    1
  1663. Your host hardware will need to be able to run whatever games you want to play. So you have to figure out what games you want to plan accordingly. You can create a virtual machine that runs Windows 10, but you have to keep in mind that VMs aren't exactly meant for gaming, so the performance may not very good.
    1
  1664. What is the exact message? What OS are you trying to install?
    1
  1665. No. The MAC address is only useful inside of the network the PC is in. In other words, Jonny's computer only knows about the MAC addresses of the devices that are in the same network. Since Jonny is on a very different network, it has no way of getting the MAC address of the coffee server nor does it need it.
    1
  1666. Its a start.
    1
  1667.  @LostBear-777  link for what?
    1
  1668. Same overall process but you download the Kali install ISO...
    1
  1669. What do you mean?
    1
  1670. Did you restart the virtual machine?
    1
  1671. The VM has a virtual network adapter which has its own MAC address. Its important to note that the VM has a different internal IP address but will share the same public IP address since all of the network traffic to the internet will still go through your router.
    1
  1672.  @joshgiles5251  You'll have a different IP address since your VM connects to the VPN. However, the MAC address will remain the same.
    1
  1673.  @joshgiles5251  Yes. Like I said, each VM you create has its own virtual network adapter with its own MAC address. It has to be that way since you can't have multiple devices with the same IP/MAC address.
    1
  1674. Its more of an introduction. This video series is very far from being complete. Its ok if you want to have a general understanding of networking, but definitely not good enough for a networking job. Do you have any IT experience or experience working with computers? If not, I strongly suggest looking at the CompTIA A+ or ITF+ exams first as those are more for beginners. CCNA (this video series) is not exactly meant for people brand new to the IT industry.
    1
  1675. You're better off using other resources. There's a channel called Practical Networking that has a pretty good Network Fundamentals play list on youtube.
    1
  1676. You don't usually go to a university to work on servers. If you want a more formal education, see if your community college offers any IT courses dealing with servers. Some may have them. There are many different certifications for different server systems as well as many training options.
    1
  1677.  @krish1888  I doubt he will. It is against Apple's terms of service to install macOS on a non-Apple computer so I don't think he's going to risk that. And plus, if you do this very search on YT, you'll find tons of videos explaining how to do this very thing.
    1
  1678. virtual machines aren't meant for gaming. You can try it, but chances are that the performance will be terrible especially for a game like COD Warzone.
    1
  1679. Same thing. Its a combo unit of a modem (for communicating with cell tower), router (routing IP packets to and from your network devices) and a wifi access point (for connecting wifi clients to the hotspot). Routers don't all look the same. Your typical home router looks very different than an enterprise router as does a hotspot device.
    1
  1680. I bet. When I worked at a local dried fruit company, I got a brief tour of our small data-center. looking back, its nothing special but as a newbie into the IT world, it was definitely awe inspiring. Just seeing a lot of equipment on network racks not knowing what it does was amazing.
    1
  1681. Imagine it happens in the middle of a flush...
    1
  1682. What disk are you using? Hard to help with information.
    1
  1683. I'm not really sure where you heard that, but it isn't true. Layer 7 is the application layer- those are things like your web browser, online game, or file server etc.
    1
  1684. No as that is tied to your FB account and not a particular computer.
    1
  1685. It all works through the layers of the OSI model. The different layers get encapsulated. So when your PC sends a packet to a server (say a web request) that data is sent to the switch. The switch only cares about the L2 header which are the source and destination MAC addresses. It then forwards that frame to the router. The router receives this packet and looks at the L3 header (it also looks at the source MAC address).
    1
  1686. An OVA is a pre-packaged VM. You import that file into VirtualBox (I believe its called "import appliance".) and it creates the VM for you. If you want the ISO file, you choose the bare metal option.
    1
  1687. You have to understand the OSI layers. Switches are layer 2 devices. They only work with MAC addresses. Routers work at layer 3 which means they work with IP addresses. In most networks, your computer connects to the network switch and in turn, the switch connects to the router. Say you have a network of 5 PCs (PC-1 - PC-5) a network switch and a router. If PC-1 sends a ping to PC-5, PC-1 will create a packet and put in PC-5's MAC and IP address as the destination addresses. The PC sends this packet to the switch. The switch only cares about the layer 2 header and will look at the destination MAC address. It looks in its CAM table to find which port that MAC address is connected to and send it to the correct port. Now, if you send data to a computer outside of your network, say to a webserver, this same process happens, but instead of the packet going to a PC on your home network, it goes to the router. Then the router determines where it has to go and sends it out to your internet provider's network and in turn the internet until it gets to its destination.
    1
  1688. What do you mean?
    1
  1689. Probably not unless you need the extra control and configuration. pfsense is not plug and play. You have to setup a fair amount of settings to make it work correctly.
    1
  1690. You can try, but you have to be mindful of costs. Cloud providers like to make it difficult to know how much things will cost.
    1
  1691. Probably not. Regardless, its not a smart idea to try to bypass network restrictions. That's a perfect way of getting fired, or at least in trouble. If your company's IT dept is decent, they would be able to detect that you're trying to work around the restrictions.
    1
  1692. Look at it from a regular computer user's perspective. The vast majority of people who use computers don't know or don't care about this. Most people just want to be able to connect to their wifi and that's it. They don't want to have to configure their router or switch; they just want it to be plug and play. You and I and many other people like to play around with this stuff and that's fine. Just don't expect regular computer users to be interested in most of this stuff.
    1
  1693. In terms of internet access? You would need to connect the VM to a VPN server in whatever countries you want to 'simulate' being in.
    1
  1694. Can you clarify?
    1
  1695. sure thing scam troll bot.
    1
  1696. Not really. This video series gives you the basics of computer networking, but that's about it.
    1
  1697. You don't. Most Chromebooks, to my knowledge, don't have a UEFI interface you can work with. Chromebooks aren't usually powerful systems so chances are that your VM won't run well, especially if you tried running Windows.
    1
  1698. The thing is this course is incomplete. Its ok if you want to learn basic networking, but there is still a lot more to learn that he doesn't cover. And for cybersecurity, you will want more than the basics.
    1
  1699. You ok there dude??
    1
  1700. Linux systems are case sensitive when you're working through the command line. CD is not the same as cd in Linux.
    1
  1701. It could be that at some point your IP address was some one else's and they used it to spam or for other malicious purposes.
    1
  1702. That's normal. Your vm still goes through your router so you're going to have the same public IP address on the vm. You will need to use a VPN on your virtual machine in order to get a different public IP.
    1
  1703. Yep.
    1
  1704. Virtual card?
    1
  1705. 🤣🤣
    1
  1706. When you install a virtual machine, it will take up real storage. So for instance, if you create a virtual hard disk with 50 GB of space, at first, it will be a small file. However, as you start installing things on the virtual machine, it will take up more and more space on your real hard drive. So if you use 20 GB out of 50 Gb on your virtual machine, your virtual hard disk file will be a 20 GB file. The VM will take up resources as long as its powered on. When you power off your VM, it will release those resources except for the amount of storage the virtual hard disk uses.
    1
  1707. Need more details... Where doesn't it show up?
    1
  1708. Check your local school districts.
    1
  1709. I can't imagine doing help desk for 20 years. I've never worked strictly in help desk roles, but we did switch to a help desk model during the pandemic at the school district I work at. It sucked. Getting call after call from angry and frustrated parents and staff members and kids who couldn't accurately describe their issues (other than "it doesn't work") was nothing short of a nightmare for me.
    1
  1710. My suggestion is to take many steps back. Its great if you want to get into cyber security, but you're trying to jump into the very deep end of the pool right off the bat. Its like wanting to work on engine performance and tuning engines without even understanding the basics of how engines work. If you have absolutely no knowledge about computers, I suggest starting with the IT Fundamentals+. Its an entry level IT cert for people who are brand new to the IT industry and/or not sure if the IT field is a good fit for them. You can then move onto the A+ which deals with computer repair and some general IT concepts used in businesses like printers, servers, and networking. From there, you can move onto the Network+ which goes deeper into computer networking which is beneficial to learn for cyber security. You can then branch off to things like Security+ or Pentest+ or other cyber security-oriented trainings and certifications. You don't need to be an expert to start off, but it greatly helps to have a solid IT foundation before moving onto the more advanced areas of IT. Think about it. If you're wanting to learn about cybersecurity, its imperative to understand the technologies you're working on very well.
    1
  1711. I think its because VBox is more user friendly and doesn't require you to have a Pro or enterprise or any other edition of Windows that's not Home.
    1
  1712. Because different manufacturers have a different interface. Most of them have the same core functionality and settings, just in a different interface and/or wording.
    1
  1713. I think he goes over that in the next video. But you have to remember that when a device sends a packet, it works through the OSI model. At layer 3, you have the IP addresses. At Layer 2, you have MAC addresses. So when the PC sends a packet of data, the switch receives it. But it only cares about the layer 2 information, like the source and destination MAC addresses. When it gets the frame, it looks at that data and knows to send the packet to the port where that destination MAC address is on.
    1
  1714. Did you work in computer networking during that time? If so, it likely doesn't make sense to get the A+
    1
  1715. Sometimes you need a larger network than what you can get with a /24 (255.255.255.0). Look at it this way. If you have a school district with 12k students and 1k staff, are you really going to create 51+ subnets
    1
  1716. One thing to keep in mind with his videos is that he doesn't go as in-depth as he should if we wants to call them "free ccna". He's a good presenter and his videos are pretty good at giving you a high-level overview. Its fine if you're a beginner but when you want to go deeper his videos aren't that great. Just throwing that out there. To answer your question: In most home and small business networks, the DNS server is part of the router. The router does multiple things: routing, switching, wifi access, DHCP server, DNS server, etc. This is for the sake of convenience and simplicity for average home users. In the more complex and larger network environments, there are usually separate devices handling different things. For instance, you can have a router that's just focused on routing, you can have a server dedicated to DHCP, a server dedicated to DNS, and so forth.
    1
  1717. Yes of course. That's a good way to learn how to use Windows Server and its features.
    1
  1718. You don't necessarily need any fancy computer. I would go with a semi-modern Intel or AMD CPU (within the past 5-6 years should be fine), at least 16 GB of RAM, and at least a 500 GB SSD.
    1
  1719. That is certainly an option. Though, it has the potential of deleting everything if you don't fully understand what you're doing.
    1
  1720. You're going to need to be a lot more specific. What account are you talking about?
    1
  1721. So what exactly are you trying to do? Your question doesn't really make sense.
    1
  1722. VLANs are a layer 2 concept and subnets are a layer 3 concept. In networks, you use both VLANs and subnets together.
    1
  1723. I don't think you're in the target audience for these types of videos to be honest.
    1
  1724. Well the idea is that if you put the IoT devices on their own VLAN, they can't talk to other devices on other VLANs. If you need inter-VLAN communication, say your phone needs to connect to your smart speaker to play music, you can usually create firewall rules to allow your main network to talk to the IoT VLAN, but not the other way around. It gets tricky with IoT devices. You're better of researching the IOT devices you have and how they work with VLANs. Some can be easy to setup and others are significantly more tricky to get working correctly.
    1
  1725. It varies depending on your computer. Has nothing to do with Windows 11, but rather the motherboard. Every motherboard manufacturer is different and they have different menus/wording.
    1
  1726. Its possible, but not supported. Apple does not distribute their operating system as ISO formats; they can only be officially downloaded on a real Mac. There are plenty of videos and guides on how to install Mac on VirtualBox, but again, its not easy.
    1
  1727. Its the same overall process. The main difference is that you download a Windows ISO and use that instead of a Linux ISO.
    1
  1728. What do you mean its "diff"? Lmao. What is so different that you don't know what to do?
    1
  1729. bruv that's useless. Where do you get the black screen bruv?
    1
  1730. You'll need to read the documentation for the system you installed.
    1
  1731. That makes no sense at all.
    1
  1732. You may need to give your virtual machine a larger virtual hard disk. I would recommend at least 50 GB of space.
    1
  1733. Apple and Microsoft don't control the internet. The thing is, that a lot of those videos use "hacking" as a marketing term to get people interested in the video. You can almost say its clickbait. There are 3 types of hackers: White hat hackers, gray hat hackers, and black hat hackers. White hat hackers are cyber security professionals who use their knowledge for good. They may work for a company's cyber security team or work for a company that specializes in computer security and use their skills and knowledge to test the IT security of their company or the company they are hired to test. They may also to make recommendations for increasing security and/or providing training. Gray hat hackers are in a gray area. They may not necessarily 'hack' into systems to steal or cause damage, but rather to prove that they can do it. Black hat hackers are the criminal hackers who use their knowledge for their gain or for someone else. Its important to make those distinctions. The thing is that its knowledge. Its up to you as to how you use it. This is an extreme example but doctors can use their knowledge for good or bad even though their training and schooling is usually not widely available. I also forgot to mention that it is very unlikely most average people who try to watch those videos will immediately be able to 'hack' devices. Modern phones have usually good security so it is very difficult, but not impossible, to hack them. Realistically, hacking is a skill that needs a lot practice and knowledge about the target device.
    1
  1734.  @marieburton8753  What are you blabbering on about?
    1
  1735. Communicate between devices. If you have PC-1 and PC-2, PC-1 wants to talk to PC-2, or communicate with it. It can be something like sending a picture, video, or whatever.
    1
  1736. In short, DNS stands for Domain Name System. Its the Internet's equivalent of a phone book. Computers don't like host-names like google or yahoo. Computers like working with IP addresses which are numbers. So when you type in google dot com into your web browser, your computer sends a DNS query to your DNS server to find out what the IP address is. The DNS server responds to your computer with the IP address, and then your PC can know how to connect to Google. In most instances, you can put in the IP address of your router as the DNS server. Most home routers act as a local DNS server for the devices in your network. A static IP address is simply an address that you manually assign to your device. You can use any IP address as long as its in your network. Most home networks use the 192 .168 .1 . 0 IP network. You will need to double check your router settings to see exactly what IP network you're home network uses. The only limitation is that you can't use an IP address that's already in use. That will cause an IP conflict which may prevent both devices from working correctly.
    1
  1737. And how exactly do you expect him to help you? He can't do anything about it. I'm not trying to be rude or condescending, but there's nothing he can do to help you.
    1
  1738. Technically yes, but you can run W10/11 indefinitely w/o paying for a license. Older Windows versions can't officially be run without a valid product key.
    1
  1739. Yes. He pinged at layer 3, but notice when he clicks on the purple envelope. That window that opens shows information about the data that was sent, including the destination MAC address. So yes, the switch doesn't understand IP addresses. However, it will still receive the frame and look at the source and destination MAC addresses and send the frame to the correct port.
    1
  1740. I'm not sure I understand. You should get a public IPv4 address (and likely IPv6) from your ISP. Can you clarify what you want to search internally for?
    1
  1741. What do you mean by bury?
    1
  1742. He goes over that in the next parts. In short, its called ARP - Address Resolution Protocol. ARP maps MAC addresses to IP addresses. Say you have a network of 5 PCs (PC-1 - PC-5). You ping PC-5's IP via PC-1. 1 needs 5's MAC address, but it doesn't know it. PC-1 will send an ARP message. This consists of a broadcast message at layer 2. The switch receives this broadcast message. It basically asks "What is the MAC address of the device with X IP?" Where "X IP" is PC-5's IP address. Since this is a broadcast frame, the switch forwards the frame to all switch ports. However, all devices (except PC-5) will drop the frame since they aren't the intended recipient. Only PC-5 will accept it and respond to PC-1 with its MAC address. PC-1 receives this response and will store the IP and MAC address in its ARP cache. After PC-1 stores PC-5's MAC address, it will send the ping packet. It now knows 5's MAC address and will send it only to that MAC address. PC-5 will receive this ping packet and respond accordingly. The network software of computer systems allow them to respond to pings and other network requests even if there is no router.
    1
  1743. Yes you can do that. Higher end switches have the option to connect to other switches via a DAC (direct attached cable, I believe) so that they can function as a single unit). You can also connect a switch to another switch via ethernet or fiber (if they support fiber connections).
    1
  1744.  @zaid2299  Jeremey's IT Lab is pretty good. He may not be as exciting or as upbeat as NWC, but it is much more complete.
    1
  1745. I'm sure he's using a VPN...
    1
  1746. Right click on the vm you want to erase, and choose "remove"
    1
  1747. The Kali website was redesigned since he made the video so that's why it looks very different. An OVA file is a pre-built virtual machine. You just import it and it will be ready to use. If you want to go through the install process, you download the ISO (bare metal option).
    1
  1748.  @ignazdvdev4981  No dude. You won't destroy your machine with this. If you want to go the OVA route, delete the vm you created for Kali and import the OVA file. That's it. If you want to go the ISO route, keep the Kali VM and download the ISO file. Add that ISO to the VM's DVD drive and boot from it and go through the install process.
    1
  1749. Nope. Apple doesn't allow apps like this.
    1
  1750. That error means that the virtual machine can't boot since there is nothing too bot from. You'll need to add an ISO of the guest system you want to install onto the virtual DVD drive.
    1
  1751. In my town in California, we're supposed to be getting a company that claims they will install fiber in pretty much every home and business in town. I can't wait to get rid of Comcast.
    1
  1752. Either will work. However, if you want to install it on a real computer, its best to have a dedicated one. If you don't have access to another computer, its better to install it in a vm.
    1
  1753. There are still plenty of parts in the US that have substandard internet access. There's a neighborhood not too far from my old high school where the fastest speed they can get through AT&T is up to 768 Kbps for about $55/month.
    1
  1754. Did this happen recently? Did you do anything that may have caused this? Hard to help without information, like brand and model...
    1
  1755. Nope. You want to use other resources as well. He's a good presenter, but at least so far, this course is far from being complete. He gives you a very good high-level overview of different topics, but he doesn't go very in-depth as he should for calling it a CCNA course. He hasn't really gone over any Cisco-specific stuff like commands and concepts. There's still a lot (and I do mean a lot) of topics he hasn't covered, or if he did, it was brief. Things like subnetting, routing protocols, switching, VLANs, ACLs, NAT, and actual configuration are missing.
    1
  1756. Likely no. The physical wiring and infrastructure is usually installed by an outside contractor. This all depends on where you work though. Some places may have an internal facilities team that can run the cabling and terminate it. Other places may not have that and need to contract outside. Other times, it may be a bit of both. Where I work, we have one of our low-voltage guys run ethernet cables if its less than about 10 runs. Anything more than that, we get a contractor to do the job. People with CCNAs and networking jobs usually do the software-side of the network like the planning and configuration and upkeep. It never hurts to learn how to do some basic wiring though.
    1
  1757. Nah. network hubs are not efficient. The way they work is that when a computer sends a packet of data to the hub, it will forward that packet to all ports. Switches only forward the frame to the respective switch port. In large networks, it would be extremely inefficient for all hub ports to receive all data even if it isn't for the intended device. That's why hubs are largely obsolete in modern computer networks.
    1
  1758.  @bikinglikebecker  I still don't understand your thought process. If you're referring to shared network folders, then that's a thing that's been possible for years. There's no 'hub' involved.
    1
  1759. You can, but I wouldn't. Kali isn't meant to be used as your main OS, but rather a tool you use when necessary. You can do it and it will most likely work fine, but its not the recommended use case. If you want to install it on a real computer, you probably want to dedicate a computer just for that purpose.
    1
  1760. Things like IT support/help desk, systems specialist/systems administrator, network administrator, server admin, etc. These jobs don't require any programming. The closest you may get may be scripting to automate things, but it isn't full on programming where you're designing and building programs.
    1
  1761. You would use a larger subnet.
    1
  1762. Yes. Make sure you disable any host/guest communication before doing this though.
    1
  1763. Yes you can. Just note that some malware can detect if its inside of a VM and may refuse to work.
    1
  1764. Notice at the top of the video, in the destination section, it says "broadcast". When a device on the network sends a broadcast frame, the switch will broadcast that frame to every single connected device.
    1
  1765. Yep. Welcome to the rabbit hole. I first started getting interested in this stuff almost 5 years ago. I was an IT tech intern at a dried fruit company. I was introduced to the concept of hypervisors at work. They use ESXi and I was amazed by it. I was aware that virtual machines existed, but I didn't know that you can have dedicated servers running tons of VMs. That was amazing to me so I decided to buy my own HP workstation and installed a copy of ESXi. I've been playing around with VMs for a few years. Pretty incredible stuff.
    1
  1766. I'm sure there are plenty of reddit posts on how to bypass it.
    1
  1767. You can try, but performance likely won't be very good.
    1
  1768. You're supposed to make an account with Cisco Netacad. Otherwise it won't let you use the software. Its a dumb requirement IMO.
    1
  1769. There's still the potential that some viruses break out of the virtual machine and infect your host system. This is not very common though. However, if you're playing around with viruses, its in your best interest to disable any host/guest communications like network, drag and drop, shared folders etc
    1
  1770. What exactly are you planning on wanting to do within the police dept in IT? Is it like digital forensics? If so, that's a different can of worms.
    1
  1771.  @johnnyleon636  You may want to check the digital forensics subreddit for more information.
    1
  1772. You'll probably want to look at the higher level jobs like network administration, servers, cyber security, etc. Depending on where you work and your specific job, you may still work with some end-users, but most likely not to the extent as in a help desk/technician level role.
    1
  1773. What doesn't work? Details....
    1
  1774.  @MeijerBoy  What's that?
    1
  1775. False. VirtualBox runs on any currently supported version of Windows.
    1
  1776. You will have a new IP address from your new cell provider. Your home internet IP will still be the same.
    1
  1777. Yep, but "hacking' is the buzz word a lot of these guys love to throw around for views.
    1
  1778. Depends on the router in question. Typically, home routers are pretty limited when it comes to do advanced network configuration so you may or may not be able to do it, and if you can, it may be limited. If you have a supported router, you can usually flash a 3rd party firmware like Tomato (odd name) or DD-WRT. These are pretty good alternatives to stock firmware and have many more options that most home routers have.
    1
  1779. 1. You would usually setup firewall rules to prevent the different networks from talking to each other. 2. You setup your DHCP server to work across different VLANs 3. You usually use subnets and VLANs in conjunction.
    1
  1780. Import it into Vbox and you're good to go. An OVA file is a pre-built virtual machine. If you want the ISO file so that you can do the installation, you will need to choose the bare metal option.
    1
  1781. No. If the VM is powered off, it won't use CPU or RAM. It will take up disk space.
    1
  1782. I get what you're saying, but its impractical for him to show a tutorial as not everyone will have the same device. Different brands all have different capabilities and/or layouts so it would be impossible to create a universal guide that covers every single device in existence.
    1
  1783. You can do that, its called cloud computing. Performance will depend based on the cloud vm's hardware and your internet connection and what you're trying to do with it. I'm not quite sure exactly what you're trying to do in terms of computing. Personally, I wouldn't use Chromebooks as they aren't very good as you have noticed.
    1
  1784. No. Intel and AMD CPUs use the x86_64 architecture. Pretty much any modern program designed for x86-64 CPUs will work on modern CPUs.
    1
  1785. You download the packet tracer file he has linked in the description.
    1
  1786. That's normal. Different routers use different IP spaces. 192 and 10 are not uncommon.
    1
  1787. If you're really that paranoid, you should do a reinstall of Windows (or whatever system your PC has) and change all of your passwords of your online accounts.
    1
  1788. Nope. 32-Bit systems cannot run 64-Bit programs.
    1
  1789. Uh.... What are you trying to do???
    1
  1790. @newchallee Uhhh..... and how is anyone supposed to help you????? I have no idea what emulator you're trying to run nor on what guest system.... Not trying to be rude, but is difficult to help without any information....
    1
  1791. That doesn't make sense dude. If you download the ISO, you attach it to the VM's DVD drive, boot the VM from that ISO file and then you can install the guest OS in the vm.
    1
  1792. I'm not familiar with that device, but if you can setup bridge mode on it, it should work with your pfsense setup. You will likely need to read through the Netgear device's documentation.
    1
  1793. The way it is typically done is to setup virtual machines as needed and allow access to them based on user needs. Your end-users don't login to the hypervisor. That's not a smart idea from a security perspective even if you give them limited access to it. You may, for instance, setup a Windows file server and create network shares that your users can use. They won't login directly to the server, but rather access the network share.
    1
  1794. Then there isn't really anything else you can do.
    1
  1795. Its not complete. He still has a lot of topics he hasn't covered. And I do mean a lot.
    1
  1796. Does it freeze during the install or during regular use in Kali?
    1
  1797.  @koolkidz9193  How much RAM and CPU cores does the VM have?
    1
  1798.  @koolkidz9193  I would give it at least 4 GB of RAM. If it still continues to act up, you may need to reinstall it.
    1
  1799. Well its unlikely 2 devices will have the same MAC address on the same network. If it does happen, then neither device will work correctly on the network. Again, this is not likely to happen. Same thing with an IP address. If you have 2 devices on the same network with the same IP addresses neither will work correctly. It won't damage anything, but they won't work. You'll need to remedy those situations.
    1
  1800. If you're doing things by the book, you have to pay for a product key from MS or other authorized retailer. Unofficially, you can run W10/11 indefinitely w/o paying for a product key. You just won't be able to personalize your vm (can't change default wallpaper) and a watermark will appear. Other than that, it will work exactly the same as if you paid for it.
    1
  1801. Cable modem options depend on your provider. Your ISP should have a list of approved 3rd party devices. Buy a modem that works with your provider and/or service. Connect an ethernet cable from the modem's ethernet port to your pfSense box's LAN WAN port. You will then need to plug another ethernet cable from the pfsense box to the LAN port which will plug into a network switch. You will need to define those ports through pfsense. There are many, many videos and guides on how to set this up.
    1
  1802. What Macbook do you have? if it has an Intel CPU, yes. If it has an M1/M2 CPU, then no as there is no support for Apple Silicon.
    1
  1803. Because they're different networks. Johnny's computer is on a separate network than the coffee server. You have to keep in mind that the gateway is the router in your network. Johnny's laptop is not on the same network as the coffee server.
    1
  1804. Its to identify that IP network.
    1
  1805. Because its helpful to understand the math behind subnets to effectively use a calculator.
    1
  1806. There are many linux distros out there. Pretty much all of the major ones have official webpages... If you don't know how to download a Linux distro, you probably aren't ready for 'hacking' yet. You may want to take a few steps back and learn some of the basics first.
    1
  1807. What do you mean?
    1
  1808. You can try it, but performance may not be that great. VirtualBox isn't that good for running demanding 3D applications.
    1
  1809.  @canuck2025  yes you can install different systems on different drives. Usually you install Windows first, and then your Linux distro. It can get a bit tricky if you're not familiar with partioning and boot loaders.
    1
  1810.  @canuck2025  Yes you can do that.
    1
  1811. No. With a type 1, you don't directly interact with the server. You use another PC on your network to connect to your hypervisor via its web interface. That's how you manage it.
    1
  1812.  @kurotsune77  Type 2 hypervisors are like VirtualBox, Vmware Workstation, Qemu. They aren't Linux distros.
    1
  1813. Most likely not. You can try, but virtual machines aren't really meant for gaming or graphics intense tasks. The closest you can probably get is using some sort of PCI-E gpu passthrough, but that is more on the advanced side.
    1
  1814. You need to enable virtualization in your BIOS.
    1
  1815. They used to have Apple Talk many years ago, but that has been long discontinued.
    1
  1816. Depends. Are you not getting enough kills due to skill issue or internet issue ;)
    1
  1817. Good luck with that. This video won't help you with that.
    1
  1818.  @forever5255  He does hacking videos for ethical hacking. Based on your initial comment, it doesn't seem like you're trying to do it for ethical reasons.
    1
  1819. Maybe yes, maybe no. Depends on the games in question. VirtualBox isn't exactly meant to run games. You can try it, but no guarantees it will work perfectly. No risk either.
    1
  1820.  @BladeGirl92  I don't think I can really help much as there are a myriad of games and possible problems and solutions. If they are popular games, there may be an active community forum system with potential workarounds/fixes.
    1
  1821. wifi drives? drivers? Linux systems have a wide range of hardware that works out of the box. no drivers usually necessary. If you want to use wifi on your kali vm, you will need a USB wifi adapter. I don't believe you can passthrough your built-in wifi card if you're using a laptop.
    1
  1822. Not unless you want to put those 5 computers on different subnets.
    1
  1823. I don't know if there's integration with TV with that ticket system. I think the next best thing you can do is setup unattended access with a Teamviewer account. This allows you to link computers to your account and you can easily remote into it without needing to type in the ID and password.
    1
  1824. In reality, we don't use Class addresses anymore. You can use CIDR (Classless Inter Domain Routing) to breakup an IP network into smaller or larger sub networks (subnets).
    1
  1825.  @月見かしゆき  Sorry but that doesn't make sense. Even old computers can have IP addresses if they're connected to a network. If we're talking very old operating systems, say pre Windows 95 and similar, they may not support TCP/IP or have built-in support for it.
    1
  1826. Try making your VM's hard disk larger.
    1
  1827. No since it is a type-2 hypervisor. That means that Vbox needs a host operating system to run since it is a program. There are type-1 hypervisors like ESXi, Hyper-V, Proxmox that are essentially the OS. You install it on your computer and then use another computer to connect to your hypervisor over its web interface and create and manage virtual machines.
    1
  1828. It not new. That's been standard for years.
    1
  1829.  @abdulrahmanhomus595  What specifically do you need help with?
    1
  1830.  @kgomotsolouisaseema  What specific time stamp?
    1
  1831.  @kgomotsolouisaseema  Not sure what you mean with that time stamp.
    1
  1832.  @mrchang1741  yep
    1
  1833. What Linux distro are you talking about?
    1
  1834. It won't damage your computer. However, it may run slower depending on the guest OS you decide to install and the virtual hardware you give the VM. This of course also depends on your host hardware.
    1
  1835.  @ahmedsifaw247  LOL dude. I don't know if you've realized it, but YT is infested with scam troll bots trying to impersonate youtubers. You're not actually responding to chuck, but rather a scam troll bot trying to scam you by getting you to contact it outside of YT like through Telegram, Whatsapp or similar.
    1
  1836. What is the exact filename you downloaded? What OS are you installing VBox on?
    1
  1837. You're free to use any valid IPv4 address you want (except for reserved addresses like loopback, broadcast, and network ID). Its just that you have to understand how IP addresses work to make sense of why we use certain IP blocks for certain things. IPv4 has technically been exhausted for several years, but the internet still works.
    1
  1838. Sure. There's no exact age limit in regards to the A+. Start learning as much as you can. If you happen to have an old PC laying around, use that to learn and practice with. It doesn't need to be new or even functional, but bonus points if you can get it to work. See if your school offers any IT/computer courses and take advantage of them. Sometimes they can offer an exam voucher where you can take the cert tests for free.
    1
  1839. It starts with your computer. When your PC wants to send a packet to another device, it needs both the destination IP and MAC addresses. If it doesn't know the MAC address, your PC will first a broadcast frame. When the switch receives the broadcast frame, it will send it out to all devices connected to its ports. The frame basically asks "What is the MAC address of the device with this IP address?". All devices on the switch will receive the frame, but all will drop it except for the intended recipient. The recipient will then respond to your PC with its MAC address.
    1
  1840. This is not the full course. I don't know if he has plans of actually finishing the entire videos. With the current videos, there is still a lot of information (and I do mean a lot) that he hasn't covered, or if he did, it was brief.
    1
  1841. You will need a 2nd wifi adapter and enabled USB passthrough on the VM. To my knowledge, you cannot passthrough your computer's wifi adapter unless its a USB one.
    1
  1842.  @unknownbuddy3987  not that I'm aware of.
    1
  1843. You import the OVA file into VBox. If you want to go the install route, choose the bare metal option to download the ISO file.
    1
  1844. That's not usually how it works. An OVA is a format used by different virtual machine hypervisors to share virtual appliances. If you download an OVA, you are effectively downloading the entire VM. You just have to import it into VBox and start it. You don't need to install it since its already pre-packaged. If you were to download the ISO, you would need to go through the install process.
    1
  1845. Lol no. Oprah is a TV celebrity who had a TV talk show. I'm not entirely sure what its about, but he just use her as an example to make the video a bit more engaging.
    1
  1846. I've had Xfinity for almost 4 years and have always used my own modem and router and they don't throttle my speeds. I do agree that Comcast is a horrible and unethical company, but I haven't had issues using my own equipment.
    1
  1847. Nope. You have to keep in mind that a VM will usually run a bit slower since it is sharing resources with your host system. If your host is slow to begin with, the VM won't be very fast. If the hardware can't handle running the software you want, a VM won't help you at all. It will probably run worse.
    1
  1848.  @raymytech  Actually yes there. That's cloud computing. I don't know of any specific services that do that, but I imagine there are out there.
    1
  1849. Can you ping your ESXi host from your PC?
    1
  1850.  @TheSympathon  You'll have to make sure that whatever ESXi version you are trying to install supports your tower's hardware, mainly the CPU and network adapter. Since ESXi is enterprise software, they have a list of supported hardware for the respective ESXi version. I found that out several years ago. I tried to repurpose my old gaming PC as an ESXi host. The motherboard uses a Realtek NIC which VMware does not support. I had to run some patches/mods to get it to work with that NIC.
    1
  1851. If you're talking about dualbooting a virtual machine, you could, but it makes more sense just to create a new VM for each distro you want.
    1
  1852. That's because the PC initially doesn't know the MAC address of the destination computer.
    1
  1853. You would probably need to look into a good VPN. I don't have any in particular to recommend. Though I would stay away from the free VPNs.
    1
  1854. No
    1
  1855. Do you have any computer knowledge? if not, i strongly suggest learning general computer knowledge first, then come back to IP addresses. Computer networking isn't exactly a beginner level IT concept. It would be like trying to jump straight into engine repair or performance and tuning and understanding the basics of how an engine works.
    1
  1856. I highly doubt it. Do you have any computer experience or knowledge? Computer networking isn't exactly a beginner level subject. Ideally, you need to have a good foundation with computers and the common systems prior to jumping into networking. And unfortunately, these videos aren't complete. There's still a lot of information that is missing which is important to know for the CCNA. You can learn the basics of networking, but it won't be enough for the exam.
    1
  1857.  @yourPru  I would suggest learning some general IT knowledge first, like how to install Windows and drivers and general PC troubleshooting and repair. Its not absolutely necessary, but it will greatly help you in general IT skills.
    1
  1858. It wouldn't. You can't have 2 devices on the same network with the same IP address. Neither device will work correctly on the network.
    1
  1859. lol no. You can't sell it since your ISP owns it, not you.
    1
  1860. You don't. There's no support for it. I believe Parallels for Mac will work, but its not free.
    1
  1861. Yes you can. Though performance may not be great
    1
  1862.  @konradwerner4134 It may be possible a CCNA gets you an entry-level job, BUT there's no guarantee. No certification guarantees you a job, but may help.
    1
  1863. Can you clarify? Are you trying to install macOS in a virtual machine or are you trying to install VirtualBox on a Mac?
    1
  1864. Not to be a downer, but it is extremely unlikely anyone can pass the CCNA just with this video series. He's a good presenter, but his series is extremely incomplete. There are still a lot of topics (and I do mean a lot) that he hasn't covered which are important to not only understand networking, but for the actual exam itself.
    1
  1865. You'll need to read the documentation from wherever you downloaded the OVA file.
    1
  1866. Its better than AT&T's legacy DSL service they have abandoned and better than their U-Verse copper-fiber hybrid mess.
    1
  1867. You can still use VBox, but you won't have much RAM to give to your virtual machines. Performance may not be very good, especially if trying to run Windows vms.
    1
  1868. What is your host computer's hardware?
    1
  1869. No. You can use a disc if you have one, but it isn't required. You need an ISO (a virtual disk file) of whatever OS you want to install. That is the typical way of installing an OS on a virtual machine. You can also use a pre-built system (known as an OVA file) which you import into Vbox.
    1
  1870. Well no. the vm has its on HWID. It will have the same public IP address since the internet traffic still goes through your router. That is unless you use a VPN on the VM.
    1
  1871. They don't really go together. He's just showing you that you can download different systems.
    1
  1872. Are both of you on the same internet connection? if so and if the block is an IP block, it will prevent you from playing the game.
    1
  1873. You can do that, and it makes it easy. However, its pretty important to understand how to do the math to understand the concept. Otherwise, if you just use a calculator, you won't know the "why" and "how" it works.
    1
  1874. For most home use cases, yes it is way overkill and likely not really worth it. However, even if you are somewhat familir with networking and want to play around with this stuff at home, it isn't that hard to do since you already have general networking knoweledge. I setup my little opnsense box about a year ago and have rarely had problems with the configuration. Most of the time I don't even remember that I have it.
    1
  1875. Yep. If you create a VM with a 120 GB virtual hard disk, it won't immediate create a 120 GB virtual hard disk file. However, when you install an OS, the virtual file will grow as large as the install. In other words, if your OS install takes up 50 GB, the virtual hard disk file will grow to be 50 GB.
    1
  1876. If you have an Intel-based Mac, sure. I don't know if they've released a version for M1/M2 Apple chips though.
    1
  1877. Yep. You may need to change the default VM directory in VirtualBox's settings first.
    1
  1878. Well if it is a company issued computer, you should assume no privacy and that your employer can have some insight as to what you're doing on that system. how much they may see depends entirely on the software they use and how they use it.
    1
  1879. It depends on your router. It isn't possible for him to create a universal video guide as not all routers have all settings. Typical home routers are limited when it comes to advanced networking, but some do have the necessary options. You'll need to look around your router's settings to see what is available for your device.
    1
  1880. A L2 switch has no concept of IP addresses or any other OSI layer concept for that matter. It starts with your computer. When your PC wants to send a packet to another device, it needs both the destination IP and MAC addresses. If it doesn't know the MAC address, your PC will first send a broadcast frame. When the switch receives the broadcast frame, it will send it out to all devices connected to its ports. The frame basically asks "What is the MAC address of the device with this IP address?". All devices on the switch will receive the frame, but all will drop it except for the intended recipient. The recipient will then respond to your PC with its MAC address. Your PC will learn this address and then will be able to directly communicate with that device.
    1
  1881. Neither. This would act as a router/firewall. By itself, it cannot provide Wi-Fi nor will it connect directly to a fiber connection.
    1
  1882. You know... it could be user error..... just saying.... This is the thing I dislike about doing IT support. "It doesn't work" What doesn't work???? Not trying to be rude, but how do you expect anyone to help or give guidance when all you say is "It doesn't work"?
    1
  1883. Because there are 2 different networks he shows.
    1
  1884. The router allows subnets to communicate w/ each other.
    1
  1885. You must have a terrible teacher then.
    1
  1886. If its the website, you can't do anything about it until they fix it.
    1
  1887. You wouldn't really use a virtual machine for video editing. VMs don't have the full hardware support so the performance may not be very good, especially for CPU/GPU intensive tasks.
    1
  1888. If you want to connect the fiber cable directly to your pfsense router, you'll need an SFP module and card. Most typical computers do not have this so you'll have to buy it separately. You'll need to make sure your ISP allows you to use your own router.
    1
  1889. ??????????
    1
  1890. You should be able to install it in a VM, but I don't know how well the performance will be. Photoshop will probably work fine, but premiere will most likely not run well.
    1
  1891. Try giving your virtual machine more disk space, say 50 GB or more.
    1
  1892. It doesn't look like USB boot is officially supported.
    1
  1893. Make sure you scroll over to the right to see the network diagram.
    1
  1894. If you are running a live CD inside of the vm, then yes. However, if you have an OS installed on the vm, it is like turning off your physical computer.
    1
  1895. I'm not Chuck, but it depends on what you want to do in IT. It helps to know the basics like resetting passwords, and overall having a basic understanding of it. If you're into networking, it probably won't be of much direct value in your job, but it doesn't hurt to know a bit.
    1
  1896. I suggest learning how an IPv4 address works. They are broken up into 8 bits (called an octet). The largest number you can make with 8 bits is 255. For the 2nd question, what specific time are you asking about?
    1
  1897.  @ahhqq  I'm not sure why that is. I think that's the default behavior on Linux systems.
    1
  1898. You'll need to either remove the ISO file from the virtual DVD drive or change the VM's boot order so that it boots from the virtual hard disk instead of the virtual dvd drive.
    1
  1899. Don't get your hopes too high. NetworkChuck still has a lot of work to do for this video series.
    1
  1900. I don't think virtualbox officially supports booting from a USB drive.
    1
  1901. A college degree is not absolutely necessary, but depending on the type of IT job you want, it may be required or it may make things a lot easier to get into. A lot of IT jobs don't really require college. One thing to keep in mind is that no degree or online course will guarantee you a job despite what all their fancy marketing tells you. I would actually be weary of any online program that 'guarantees' you a job or that you'll be making tons of money right off the bat. If you're in the US, have you considered starting at your local community college? See if they have any IT courses of interest to you.
    1
  1902. You don't. Mac computers don't have a way for you to access the BIOS/UEFI like a non-Apple computer does. Apple doesn't want you to do that.
    1
  1903. Well you need to install Windows since there is no official support for MS Office on Linux. On Windows, its installed exactly the same as on any other Windows computer. Download the installer, run it, and wait for it to download and install.
    1
  1904. Yep. I fully agree. I took a few Cisco courses years ago at a community college. The instructor was pretty good. She gave a lot of examples, but they weren't really tangible. The hardest part for me to grasp (other than subnetting) was the physical infrastructure of how routers and switches and patch panels, etc are all laid out. It wasn't until my 2nd IT job at a school district that I started to get more hands-on work with the network infrastructure that I started understanding a lot things.
    1
  1905. It tells you in the error: AMD-V is disabled in the BIOS. You have to enable virtualization in your computer's BIOS.
    1
  1906. You'll need to learn how to setup routers and switches. There are many different brands and models all with their own syntax and configuration. Once you understand how to configure a Cisco router for instance, you can setup your own network with various subnets and VLANs.
    1
  1907. You have to keep in mind that Kali Linux is a cyber security specialized distro. It has tools that can be used for hacking purposes.
    1
  1908.  @kingjasonn1  I think you can create a virtual Mac system but its not easy nor is supported. Apple specifically prohibits you from installing macOS on a non-Apple computer and go to great lengths to prevent you from doing this. There are workarounds to get it installed, but it will require a fair amount of effort. I don't have any guides or videos to recommend though.
    1
  1909. They dropped support for Windows 7 as a host system. You will need to download an older version of VBox.
    1
  1910. If the VM is powered off, it won't take any CPU or RAM from your hardware. It will still, however, use disk space.
    1
  1911. The point of this video is to show you Proxmox which allows you to turn your computer into a virtualization server where you can run many different virtual machines.
    1
  1912. 🤦🤦🤦🤦 Yes you can use ChatGPT for help, but in the "real world", you should understand how subnets work if you're a computer network professional.
    1
  1913. There is USB passthrough, but it can be finicky at times.
    1
  1914.  @allieboy181  Yes.
    1
  1915. I think he goes over in the next video. In short, when the 1st PC sends data to the 2nd PC, PC 1 adds the MAC address of the 2nd device in the destination MAC address. However, if PC1 doesn't know PC2's MAC address, PC1 first sends a broadcast frame. Basically a broadcast frame is a message that's sent to all devices on the network. The broadcast frame basically asks "What is the MAC address of the device with this IP address?". Since its a broadcast, all devices on the network receive it, but all devices will ignore that frame except for the intended device. PC2 will then respond to PC 1 with its (PC2) MAC address. From that point, PC1 will add PC2's MAC address in the destination mac address whenever it sends it data.
    1
  1916. sounds like user error. How exactly did it "screw up" your computer?
    1
  1917. Cisco routers are enterprise-level routers. They have the same core functionality as your home router, but are designed to work with many more devices and have a lot more features that are largely irrelevant to 99% of home users. Your router does have routing tables, but they are quite small since your ISP is mainly responsible for doing the actual routing. The thing is that most home routers although quite advanced nowadays are also quite limited compared to an enterprise router. Pretty much all modern home routers are a combination of a router, wifi access point, and a network switch. If you look at the back of your router and see 4 network ports, it has a switch. you may not have a dedicated network switch, but you most likely do have a switch built into the router. Home routers also usually have decent web interfaces/apps you can use to setup and manage your network. Enterprise routers don't usually have this. You have to type in commands in order to setup a router, like what its name will be, the interfaces it has, interface-specific settings and so forth. All of that is done through commands; you don't usually have a fancy web interface.
    1
  1918. 🤣🤣 How so? That only renews your local IP address for your computer. Does nothing for your public IP address.
    1
  1919. By default, VirtualBox VMs have their own internal networking adapters with their own MAC addresses.
    1
  1920. You downloaded the prebuilt virtual machine. You extract all the contents and add the virtual machine file to your virtual box. The pre-built VM, as the name implies, is already built and ready for use. You don't have to go through the install process.
    1
  1921.  @Bluekoodo  I don't have any. The 7Z file is a compressed file. You open the file and extract the contents (drag and drop) to a folder on your Desktop or wherever you want. Then you open VBox, click on the "Add" button, navigate to where you extracted the virtual machine contents and open the virtual machine file. Then you should be able to start the vm.
    1
  1922.  @Bluekoodo  I'm not sure about that. You may need to check around various websites and forums to find a solution. Sometimes reinstalling VBox may help, but it really depends on why that error is happening.
    1
  1923. You can. However, you will need a dedicated USB Wi-Fi adapter. You then "passthrough" the USB adapter and it will show up in Kali as a wifi adapter. Sometimes its hit or miss though.
    1
  1924. If you can get your employer to pay for your degree, I'd go for it. Sometimes having a degree can make the difference of getting a job or not.
    1
  1925. Watch the next video. He goes over that.
    1
  1926. Yes you can do that. You just copy the virtual machine files over to the USB drive just like you would any other files. Do keep in mind that USB performance many not be that great especially if you're running a heavy OS like Windows.
    1
  1927. It is never DNS until it turns out it was DNS all along. lol.
    1
  1928. What do you mean? I'm running Windows 11 and can run VBox just fine. Need more details.
    1
  1929. LMAO that's no how it works. Regardless of what you think is happening, that's not a justification. Its still illegal.
    1
  1930. You're going to have to be more specific. What do you mean by contact with winrar?
    1
  1931. He goes over that at: 15:17
    1
  1932. Gonna need a lot more information than that.....
    1
  1933. You will most likely need to use a USB wifi adapter. I don't believe you can passthrough PCi-E wifi adapters.
    1
  1934. You'll need to read the documentation for whatever software you're using.
    1
  1935. Technically, yes. Windows is not free software and you're expected to pay for it. Unofficially, Microsoft lets you run Windows 8-11 without paying for. They don't tell you this, but you can run them indefinitely without paying for a product key. You won't be able to personalize it and a watermark will appear in the bottom right corner.
    1
  1936. Make sure you install the guest additions. Once you do that, press the right Ctrl key and F. It should automatically resize the VM's screen.
    1
  1937. Its pretty easy. You can export the VMs into an OVA file. An OVA is basically a pre-packaged virtual machine. You right click on your VM, choose export and go through the process. Repeate for each vm. On your new laptop, you import the OVA files.
    1
  1938. Yes you can do that. You can install VBox on a Linux host. In practice, it isn't a smart idea to run Kali Linux as your main host.
    1
  1939. Yes that is technically true. In reality, we don't use IP classess anymore. I think they teach it just so you understand a bit of the history but realistically we use CIDR (Classless Inter Domain Routing) notation. This allows you to create subnets more efficiently.
    1
  1940.  @Brad-qw1te  That subnet is usually the default on most home routers. But it doesn't necessarily mean it will be the same on other networks, like small businesses.
    1
  1941. When you're creating your VM, select your ISO and proceed with the install process.
    1
  1942. You have to keep in mind you're working a virtual machine. When the installer formats the drive, it is formatting the virtual hard drive of the VM. It will have no effect on your real computer.
    1
  1943. Did you enable virtualization in your computer's UEFI?
    1
  1944. No. Its an entirely different operating system.
    1
  1945. You can use virtual machines to learn about different IT topics, like servers. You can setup a virtual server environment to play around with instead of buying physical servers for every service you want to learn and play around with.
    1
  1946. It is possible, but not supported. Apple doesn't want you to install macOS on any computer other than a real Mac computer. There are countless videos on YT showing you how to install the Mac system on a vm.
    1
  1947. Its the same thing as he shows in the video. That's the basis of how networking works. It gets more complex if you want to learn at the service provider level though.
    1
  1948. VMs aren't exactly meant for gaming. So performance may not be good depending on the games and your hardware. You install games just like you would on any other computer.
    1
  1949. Yes
    1
  1950. Its generally safe. Make sure you turn off all host/guest communications (network, clip board, drag and drop etc). There are some pieces of malware that are known to break out of VMs, but they're not common.
    1
  1951. It doesn't 'download' as an itunes file. You probably have your PC set to open .iso files in iTunes which is why it has the iTunes logo. If you're on Windows, I believe you can right click the file, choose properties, Opens with > Change, choose Windows Explorer and now you can mount it and view its contents. You don't really have to do that since all you need to do is to attach the ISO file to your VM's DVD drive.
    1
  1952.  @ethanzorn5658  When you choose the Windows Explorer option and then click ok, you double click the ISO file to automatically mount it. This is assuming you're running at least Windows 8.
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