Comments by "" (@neutronalchemist3241) on "Overly Sarcastic Productions" channel.

  1. Superman in five words: "Are you afraid of bullets?" "Only when they miss me".
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  2. There are several interpretations, but it seems the most agreed one is "hated by everyone" (His grandad, Autolycus named him that way, and that's fiting with Autolycus' character).
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  3. Artemis was also a goddess of dancing, while Apollo of playing and singing, so... Their parties were legendary.
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  4.  @lucaswinsor4469  Actually that's exclusively Ovid's version of the mith. He invented the whole rape and curse thing because he was writing a book called "metamorphosys", that was about shape-shifting miths (so he needed a shape-shifting, and, since the book is about changes, he didn't care about changing the miths themselves) and because he loved to depict autorities in a bad light, so, in his versions of the miths, gods always play with mortals without caring abouth them. In the original Greek mith, Medusa was simpy born a monster, one of the three gorgons (along with Stheno and Euryale), that were daughters of Echidna and Typhon. Ironically, all three had the same aspect and powers, but Medusa was the only one that was mortal.
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  5. In a version of the mith, Pirithous, not being able to decide what of Zeus' daughters would suit him best, asked the oracle of Delphi for advice. The Oracle mocked him answering "why not Persephone? She's the most noble of Zeus' daughters." (obviously meaning that he was aiming really too high, since the queen of the underworld, wife of Zeus' brother, was clearly out of the reach of every mortal), but Pirithous took that for serious!
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  6. Zeus: "Aephestus, I need you to create a dog to guard myself, and send him back in time to do it when I was a toddler". Aephestus: "And How you know I'll be able to do such thing?" Zeus: "because you did it".
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  7. That's only Aeschylus' version of the mith. According to Euripides, Orestes and Electra were condemned to death by a court in Mycenae and saved by the intervent of Menelaus, that persuaded (or forced at swordpoint) the Myceneans to give them a year of exile instead. It was not game over however, since Orestes was still persecuted by the furies and ,in order to escape them, he was ordered by Apollo to go to Tauris, carry off the statue of Artemis which had fallen from heaven, and to bring it to Athens. In Tauris Orestes found his lost sister, Iphigenia, taken away from sacrifice by Artemis and rised as one of his priestess, was saved by her, and returned with her and the statue to Mycenae, so reuniting what was left of the family and finally being freed from the persecution. There are other versions as well. Aeschylus' turned it into an advertising for Athen's legal system. Even if the goal was not much to declare the inferiority of the mother over the father (mind that half of the jury did not agree, even with Apollo as the defense attorney), but that, as the Romans would have said "in dubio pro reo", when the votes of the judges are evenly divided, mercy must prevail.
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  8.  @sflaningam7680  Autolycus was the most known thief in Greek miths, a shapeshifter and an outcast (starting from the name "a wolf himself") that, when he was not on an adventure, lived isolated, hunting on mount Parnassus.
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  9. It has been noticed how the Dante main character of the Comedy, is very different from the historical Dante poet. He is weak, timorous (Dante was a war veteran) and not very bright (not understanding the meaning of much of the things that the Dante poet wrote). More than a self-insert, Dante gave his name to a proper character that was fit for the poem.
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  10. Ares was an honored god in Sparta, but not a really important one. Artemis and Phoebus were the favourite Spartan gods. Notice that Artemis and Phoebus were the gods of hunting and arts, that were the favourite activities of the Spartans (rich loafers) until the "spartan superwarriors" propaganda work started, after the Thermopilae. The "shaming of Ares" started much before the quarrels between Sparta and Athens. Already in the Iliad (that was written when both Athens and Sparta were cities of secondary importance).
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  11. She did it because the Habsburgs had serious intentions to transfer all to Vienna. She didn't infact manage to save the family's jewels. The Habsburgs appropriated them with the pretext they were not art.
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  12. Well, they did with Capaneus, one of the seven agains Thebes. Once he raised at the top of the walls of Thebes he shouted that Zeus himself could not stop him from invading it. At that point Zeus struck and killed Capaneus with a thunderbolt.
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  13. The almost casual talk between Poseidon and Apollo in the Iliad itself is hilarious. Poseidon: "All the others are fighting. What'll they think if we don't do the same?" Apollo: "Over mere mortals? Nahh... They are so, you know, 'mortal'. It's not worth the pain." However, in the book, is AFTER Apollo declined to fight that Artemis mocked him for that, and Hera proceeded to beat the crap out of her.
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  14. Actually the depiction he gives of the rhino is very accurate, and it's easy to recognise a Sumatran Rhinoceros in it. (hairs like a buffalo, feet like an elephant, a big and black horn, the head of a boar that it keeps pointed to the ground, he loves to stay in the mud)
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  15.  @lordhades8025  In the same fight scene (Iliad, book 21) Athena mops the floor with Ares and then proceeds to mock him. It's business as usual.
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  16. In a version of the mith, Pirithous, not being able to decide what of Zeus' daughters would suit him best, asked the oracle of Delphi for advice. The Oracle mocked him answering "why not Persephone? She's the most noble of Zeus' daughters." (meaning that he was aiming really too high, since the queen of the underworld, wife of Zeus' brother, was clearly out of the reach of every mortal), but Pirithous took that for serious!
    83
  17. Hermes: "Ok, so you do the flirting, I do the stealing". Artemis: "What? You know I'm not into such things." Hermes "So who'll do the flirting? Me?" Artemis: "Why not? The god of deception and crafts. I'm sure you'll make a more credible flirty girl than me." Hermes: "So you are into sneaking into someone's basement and stealing?" Artemis "... Oh, crap. Let's do that quickly."
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  18.  @ewwpoorpeople5684  Fan-fictions on what? There was not a canon. The description he made of the afterlife is his own creation, and, as noted by many scholars, the "Dante" main character of the Commedia was very different from the real Dante poet. The character was timorous (the poet was a war veteran) and not very bright (he doesn't understand the meaning much of the things that the poet wrote). The poet simply gave his name to a character that was fit for the poem to make his tale seem more "real" for the reader than just telling the story of a random guy.
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  19. In versions of the mith, Persephone was totally ok with that, they had to organise the thing because Demeter was iperprotective, and didn't allow Hades to court Persephone the normal way (in her defence, she had bad experiences with both of his brothers). Despite that, and being totally faithful and lowey-dowey with his wife, Hades accepted her to spend six month a year in the world, otherwise Demeter (that had been raped by both Zeus and Poseidon without any cerempony) would have missed her too much, so he even tried to make up with his mother-in-law.
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  20.  @jessefanshaw8948  Also the classical Greek Apollo was probably the sincretization of several gods. An Anatolian god of plague, that was also invoked to end them (Aplu. Also Apollos' Mother, Leto has Anatolian origins), a Minoan sea-god of divination (the dolphin is a typical Minoan depiction, and Cretan priests are said to have built the sanctuary of Delphi), a Dorian family/community god (Apellai, Apellaion), and probably several others. What came out of it anyway is the god of civilization. Of what makes life worth living, beyond pure survival. The arts, medicine, divination (that, by then, was a way to control the arbitrariness of nature). That's why classical Greeks considered him the most "Greek" of all the gods. Because he was not the god of a force of nature, of a state of mind, or of a particular craft, but of civilization itself. His sister (and it had been a good call to make them siblings) is instead the goddess of anti-civilization. Of hunting, of wild animals, of wild places... The fight between Hera and Artemis is not that much a "Worf effect". Artemis can't refuse fighting, it's her nature, but Hera's words are true. "Your father made you a lioness among mortals", but Artemis' powers are shallow if used against an immortal, that doesn't fear beasts or illness. While Apollo wisely declined to fight Poseidon, as the god of sea and earthquakes would have mopped the floor with the one of civilization.
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  21. Mama-boy Apollo invented misoginy to get his friend off a murder charge, and Athena was ok with that. A memento that the legal system was a joke and a travesty of justice from the start.
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  22. Yeah. Differently than other divine siblings, Artemis and Apollo seems to always be in good terms.
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  23. Considering that a mortal wanted to kidnap Persephones, that's practically a guarantee of gaining eternal torments in hell...
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  24. I really HATE how every Hollywood movie about Greek gods has Hades as the villain. Mith Hades is really the best of the bunch there. He's strictly faithful to his wife (that can persuade him to do everything she wants), he's cool-minded and, despite bing all lovey-dovey with Persephone, he accepts her to spend six-months a year in in the world, because otherwise her mother, Demeter (THAT HAD BEEN RAPED BY BOTH ZEUS AND POSEIDON WITHOUT ANY CEREMONY) would miss her too much! He even tries to be a nice guy to her mother-in-law!
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  25. Ares was an honored god in Sparta, but not a really important one. Artemis and Phoebus were the favourite Spartan gods. Notice that Artemis and Phoebus were the gods of hunting and arts, that were the favourite activities of the Spartans (rich loafers) until the "spartan superwarriors" propaganda work started, after the Thermopilae. The "shaming of Ares" started much before the quarrels between Sparta and Athens. Already in the Iliad (that was written when both Athens and Sparta were cities of secondary importance).
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  26.  @biliminsrlar5752  Mohammed is in hell because, for Dante, before inventing Islam he was Christian TOO (it was a legend diffused in middle age), and so his place is between the schismatics. Saladin and Averroes are among the not baptised virtuous.
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  27. Thus being born as a sincretization of several gods. An Anatolian god of plague, that was also invoked to end them (Aplu. Also Apollos' Mother, Leto has Anatolian origins), a Minoan sea-god of divination (the dolphin is a typical Minoan depiction, and Cretan priests are said to have built the sanctuary of Delphi), a Dorian family/community god (Apellai, Apellaion), and probably several others, Apollo is the god of civilization. Of what makes life worth living, beyond pure survival. The arts, medicine, divination (that, by then, was a way to control the arbitrariness of nature). That's why classical Greeks considered him the most "Greek" of all the gods. Because he was not the god of a force of nature, of a state of mind, or of a particular craft, but of civilization itself. His sister (and it had been a good call to make them siblings) is instead the goddess of anti-civilization. Of hunting, of wild animals, of wild places... and so of the arbitrariness of Nature itself. The fight between Hera and Artemis is not that much a "Worf effect". Artemis can't refuse fighting, it's her nature, but Hera's words are true. "Your father made you a lioness among mortals", but Artemis' powers are shallow if used against an immortal, that doesn't fear beasts or illness. While Apollo wisely declined to fight Poseidon, as the god of sea and earthquakes would have mopped the floor with the one of civilization.
    22
  28. Canto IV >"il maestro di color che sanno" ("the master of the ones that know") Aristotle, Greek. >"Omero, poeta sovrano" ("Omer, sovereign of the poets"), Greek. Dante used the characters of the Omeric poems in the Inferno not because he despised Greeks, but because, other than the contemporary characters, for contrast, he needed characters that were not contemporary but still well known by the people, and that, in Dante's time, meant saints and characters of Greek mitology. But he couldn't put saints in hell, so he had to overuse Greeks. BTW, the oldest surviving complete translation of both the Iliad and the Odissey in latin is that of the Calabrian scholar Leontius Pilatus, whose works were known both by Petrarch and Boccaccio.Dante missed him by half a century more or less.
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  29. Infact. Thus being born as a sincretization of several gods. An Anatolian god of plague, that was also invoked to end them (Aplu. Also Apollos' Mother, Leto has Anatolian origins), a Minoan sea-god of divination (the dolphin is a typical Minoan depiction, and Cretan priests are said to have built the sanctuary of Delphi), a Dorian family/community god (Apellai, Apellaion), and probably several others, Apollo is the god of civilization. Of what makes life worth living, beyond pure survival. The arts, medicine, divination (that, by then, was a way to control the arbitrariness of nature). That's why classical Greeks considered him the most "Greek" of all the gods. Because he was not the god of a force of nature, of a state of mind, or of a particular craft, but of civilization itself. His sister (and it had been a good call to make them siblings) is instead the goddess of anti-civilization. Of hunting, of wild animals, of wild places... and so of the arbitrariness of Nature itself. The fight between Hera and Artemis is not that much a "Worf effect". Artemis can't refuse fighting, it's her nature, but Hera's words are true. "Your father made you a lioness among mortals", but Artemis' powers are shallow if used against an immortal, that doesn't fear beasts or illness. While Apollo wisely declined to fight Poseidon, as the god of sea and earthquakes would have mopped the floor with the one of civilization.
    21
  30.  @corndogthemagnificent2212  Actually to hit Aphrodite had been his only real mistake (even if he had been advised to do so by his protectress Athena) since, contrary to Ares, that couldn't hold a grudge for five minutes, and appreciated a guy that could give him a good fight, Aphrodite was pretty vindicative and made so that he was betrayed by his wife, Aegialia, and forced to leave Argos.
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  31.  @FreaknFreddy  Visiting a world none has described before? Not a fan-fiction. It exists an entire genere of SF qualified by having Edison as a character while having historical figures as characters is normal (almost essential) for historical romances.
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  32.  Mullerornis  "better" for who? For who wants to feel "holier than thou" by judging 14th century people by modern standards?
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  33.  Mullerornis  You can judge whoever you want if that exercise makes you feel better, but to judge a 14th century man's believings with modern days standard it's pointless for any other purpose. And Dante didn't influence the notion of what's sin and what's not. It's not simply him that decided.
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  34. Maybe the Venetians wanted to remind to the Byzantines that not being massacrated was part of the deal ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Latins )
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  35. A Mary Sue is a central character that isn't challenged by the plot. It doesn't count how powerful he is, or if he is the centre of the universe. A charcter can legitimately be the centre of the universe (IE think of Harui Suzumiya) without being a Mary Sue. That's why Goku (and I'm not really a Dragon Ball fan) isn't a Mary Sue (if anything Dragon Ball's problem is repetitiveness). In his case, the plot is specifically made to challenge him. It doesn't count how powerful he is. There are always characters that are as, or more, powerful. It doesn't count if he gets power-ups. Power ups are legit in his universe (that's specifically stated) and many characters get them. It doesnt' count if he generally wins. Not only that's true for many heroes (plot armour doesn't make Mary Sues), but, contrary to many of them, we know that he can loose (it happened several times) or even die (it happened several times). And that's why Rey IS a Mary Sue instead. SHE'S NOT CHALLENGED BY THE PLOT. It doesn't count if she's a girl. She gets out of troubles simply by showing to possess abilities that she shouldn't logically have without any explanation (is like Goku suddenly becoming smarter than Bulma in building mechanisms). Or getting gratuitous power-ups that simply decided to happen at the right time without the need for any training. She doesn't need to train, she doesnt need to do anything. The universe seems to conspire to make her look awesome without any real effort.
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  36.  @discountplaguedoctor88  Actually, for being a 13th century Christian, Dante was VERY open-minded. IE he put both Averroes and Saladin (a muslim scholar and a muslim general, Dante does nothing by chance, he wanted to depict them) among the not-baptized virtuous. Averroes with the likes of Socrat and Aristotle, Saladin, the man that took away Gerusalem from the Christianity, with the likes of Caesar. That he didn't like Greeks is just bullshit, he described Homer as the "sovereign poet" and Aristotle as "the master of the ones that know". He used Greek mithological figures in the Inferno because he needed characters that were well known by his public.
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  37. A Mary Sue is a central character that isn't challenged by the plot. It doesn't count how powerful he is, or if he is the centre of the universe. A charcter can legitimately be the centre of the universe (IE think of Harui Suzumiya) without being a Mary Sue. In case of a Mary Sue the writing simply seems to be made to make him look awesome without any real effort.
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  38. Ares was an honored god in Sparta, but not a really important one. Artemis and Phoebus were the favourite Spartan gods. Notice that Artemis and Phoebus were the gods of hunting and arts, that were the favourite activities of the Spartans (rich loafers) until the "spartan superwarriors" propaganda work started, after the Thermopilae. The "shaming of Ares" started much before the quarrels between Sparta and Athens. Already in the Iliad (that was written when both Athens and Sparta were cities of secondary importance).
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  39. Apollo, still in Leto's arms, since he's too young to walk: "That's the snake that disrespected you? I'm going to kill him" Leto: "Wait! It was not that big of..." Apollo: "Too late. He's gone."
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  40.  @CJCroen1393  Or: Hades: Yo, Zeus. Zeus: Yo! Hades: You know your daughter Persephone? Zeus: Yeah, what about her? Hades: Well, I think I might be in love with her. Zeus: That's great! It was time for you to find someone, and Persephone is such a pretty girl. Had she not been my daughter... uhhh... well, that's another story. Hades: But her mother, Demeter, seems to not been OK with that. She doesn't even let her see me. Zeus: Oh, yeah. She didn't take very well what I did to her... and Poseidon for that matter... I guess she extended her grudge to the third brother as well. People are so resentful sometimes... Hades: So, what could I do about that? Zeus: What? Transform yourself into something and bang the girl, for myself! Hades: ... Hades: Ok, I'll go somewere else for advices. Thanks bro.
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  41. Seriously? The Ottomans started to be a issue for Venice 200 years after the sack of Constantinople (and initially they were a minor one, see the Battle of Gallipoli, that the Venetians won easily in 1416). Venice was holding parts of the gains of the 4th Crusade still 500 years after the sack. To have eliminated one of the intermediaries (so to have better prices and higher profits), annexed a good part of his wealth, and being still profiting of the operation after HALF A MILLENNIUM seems AN HELL of a deal. What financial plan predicts positive outcomings for five centuries?
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  42.  @Vulken2000  The monsters of greek mithology are there EXACTLY because they didn't exist in reality. Dante knew that they didn't exist for real, but they had been believed by so many people for so long that God found a place for them, using their aspect for demons. Ulysses instead is there as a damned because he, for Dante, was real exactly like Caesar or Cleopatra. It's not "a different interpretation of the character" but the future of an historical character.
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  43.  @Vulken2000  "Monsters?" Yeah, monsters. Creatures half human half horse for example, or with snakes as hair. Dante didn't believe them being real. "You lost me." For Dante, what's created by the men's fantasy, even if not real in our world (since only what's created by God can be real) it's not lost. Mithology is an act of creation anyway. How many modern fiction had been created on the assumption that gods are real until someone believes in them? Dante was a precursor. "I really don't think you can believe both The Bible and The Iliad/Odyssey at the same time." Schliemann believed in the war of Troy and that the Iliad was a quite accurate report of it, but not that actual gods and demigods participated in it. Dante, five centuries before, believed in the historicity of the character of Ulysses, but not that real Gods or magic were involved in his adventures.
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  44. The canon character on which it had been used the most first than Rey was probalby Wesley Crusher (so much for it being a sexist trope).
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  45. That's only Aeschylus' version of the mith. According to Euripides, Orestes and Electra were condemned to death by a court in Mycenae and saved by the intervent of Menelaus, that persuaded (or forced at swordpoint) the Myceneans to give them a year of exile instead. It was not game over however, since Orestes was still persecuted by the furies and ,in order to escape them, he was ordered by Apollo to go to Tauris, carry off the statue of Artemis which had fallen from heaven, and to bring it to Athens. In Tauris Orestes found his lost sister, Iphigenia, taken away from sacrifice by Artemis and rised as one of his priestess, was saved by her, and returned with her and the statue to Mycenae, so reuniting what was left of the family and finally being freed from the persecution. There are other versions as well. Aeschylus' turned it into an advertising for Athen's legal system. Even if the goal was not much to declare the inferiority of the mother over the father (mind that half of the jury did not agree, even with Apollo as the defense attorney), but that, as the Romans would have said "in dubio pro reo", when the votes of the judges are evenly divided, mercy must prevail.
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  46.  @biliminsrlar5752  As said it was a legend. According to it, Mohammed was not only christian, but a priest. Notice that Dante puts Alì is in the same circle, because he was a schismatic too, but to Islam while, as said, Saladin is among the Virtuous, because he was surely an enemy of christianity but, as a Muslim, he was virtuous.
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  47. They did only in modern interpretations, that unify the characters of Morgan and Morgause (Only the latter is Arthur's half-sister, but they didn't have a kid together). What happened in practice is that the 1981 movie "Excalibur" (where, Morgan and Morgause are already the same character, and Mordred is already a pawn of his mother) became the "canon" and almost everyone started changing elements from there.
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  48. Zeus: "Athena! My clever girl! Came sit near me". "Phoebus! My talented boy! Came here!" "Ares! Did I already said you how much you disappointed me?"
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  49. That's only Aeschylus' version of the mith. According to Euripides, Orestes and Electra were condemned to death by a court in Mycenae and saved by the intervent of Menelaus, that persuaded (or forced at swordpoint) the Myceneans to give them a year of exile instead. It was not game over however, since Orestes was still persecuted by the furies and ,in order to escape them, he was ordered by Apollo to go to Tauris, carry off the statue of Artemis which had fallen from heaven, and to bring it to Athens. In Tauris Orestes found his lost sister, Iphigenia, taken away from sacrifice by Artemis and rised as one of his priestess, was saved by her, and returned with her and the statue to Mycenae, so reuniting what was left of the family and finally being freed from the persecution. There are other versions as well. Aeschylus' turned it into an advertising for Athen's legal system. Even if the goal was not much to declare the inferiority of the mother over the father (mind that half of the jury did not agree, even with Apollo as the defense attorney), but that, as the Romans would have said "in dubio pro reo", when the votes of the judges are evenly divided, mercy must prevail.
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  50. Well, "kidnapping" at that time often meant "the lovers wanted to stay togheter, but at least one of the girl's parents was not ok with that".
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  51. Not really. It's a contraption of an expression that means "servant of your", that obviously no slave would say to his master. It has sense only if a free man tells it to another, as a sign of respect.
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  52.  @dreamerthief2216  It's significative that Dante previously put both Averroes and Saladin (a muslim scholar and a muslim general, Dante does nothing by chance, he wanted to depict them there) among the not-baptized virtuous. Averroes with the likes of Socrat and Aristotle, Saladin, the man that took away Gerusalem from the Christianity, with the likes of Caesar. Because for Saladin, to fight Christians was his work, and he did it in an honorable way. Mohammed instead is among the schismatics for having divided Christianity, and Ali, at that point, for having divided Islam. The point was not Christian or Islamic religion, but to have caused discord.
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  53.  @iliveinsideyourhouse1367  It's actually the contrary. It has been noticed how the Dante main character of the Comedy, is very different from the historical Dante poet. He is weak (Dante was a war veteran) and not very bright (not understanding the meaning of much of the things that the Dante poet wrote). More than a self-insert, Dante gave his name to a proper character that was fit for the poem.
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  54. @UCDVcxMDIug9M5_YY98jp3qA Charon is not a man, is the son of Erebus and the Night, while Minos is a demigod, son of Zeus, and both Virgil and Claudian stated that Minos was a judge of the underworld, so he was related to hell already in classical miths. Dante needed to put in the afterlife both well known contemporary people than well known people of the past. "well known people of the past" in medieval Europe meant Saints and characters of the Greco-Roman mithology, he couldn't put saints in hell, so... What other references should he have used? Those to modern-day archaeology? Jason is a man, so no reason to not include him between the men. The Sisters of Fate were cited as poetical symbols (of the given lenght of life), but never put anywere. Adonis' mother, Myrrha is a woman, that tricked her own father into sleeping with her, and got pregnant that way. She is in the tenth bolgia because her most serious sin was not incest, but deceit. Dante used them because their stories were well known, so it was not hard for the people to link the character with his sin. Cerberus is a monster, Pluto a God, so, not being real, they are not damned, but demons.
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  55.  @zaphael7238  Actually girls are more likely to get a free pass. The criticism Rey had is NOTHING in respect to what would have been, had a random guy shown to possess bigger powers than Luke and Anakin without training and any explanation. Asoka Tano teenage girl had been much criticised, before the evolution of the character shown that she was a really deep and likeable character, and not a bait to attract child viewers. Asoka tano teenage boy? People would have simply quit to watch the series without giving him any possibility.
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  56. This clip only scratched the surface. among a ton of other things he casually invented stylographic pen, ball bearings, CVT transmisson, exploded anatomic views, the way to dissect an human eye without deflating it, some law of physics...
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  57.  @Kyl5  Actually Dante was very famous in life, and his "canti" were already endlessly repeated in public, by professionals and normal people, when he was still writing the poem.
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  58. Actually that's exclusively Ovid's version of the mith. He invented the whole rape and curse thing because he was writing a book called "metamorphosys", that was about shape-shifting miths (so he needed a shape-shifting, and, since the book is about changes, he didn't care about changing the miths themselves) and because he loved to depict autorities in a bad light, so, in his versions of the miths, gods always play with mortals without caring abouth them. In the original Greek mith, Medusa was simpy born a monster, one of the three gorgons (along with Stheno and Euryale), that were daughters of Echidna and Typhon. Ironically, all three had the same aspect and powers, but Medusa was the only one that was mortal.
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  59. Diomedes is my favourite Greek hero since the first time I read the Iliad as a kid. He's not a demigod, he has not god-made superweapons, he's not even that rich (Homer says he had plain bronze weapons, without decorations of gold and silver), he doesn't throw child-like tantrums, he's so cold-minded (contrary to his father, Tydeus, that couldn't stop fighting even when she was dying) that he stops fighting mid-battle to greet an "inherited friend" (their grandfathers had been each-other guest) that was fighting in the other side. He's the regular guy that gets the job done despite anyone around him acting like an idiot. It's cute to see also how Athena has an obvious like for him, probably also because she felt guilty to have let his father die.
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  60. Quite the contrary. It has been noticed how the Dante main character of the Comedy, is very different from the historical Dante poet. He is weak, timorous (Dante was a war veteran) and not very bright (not understanding the meaning of much of the things that the Dante poet wrote). More than a self-insert, Dante gave his name to a proper character that was fit for the poem.
    4
  61. Practically the entire story is French. Geoffrey of Monmouth was probably Welsh, but he wrote anyway under Norman rule.
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  62.  @davidegaribaldi1503  Some more durable, as the karkadè (hibiscus tea) in place of tea.
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  63. Remember to pay your mercenaries.
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  64. It historically happened. During the War of Chioggia (1378-1381).
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  65.  @androkguz  A Mary sue is a central character that isn't challenged by the plot. That's what specifically makes him boring. Not the fact that he's powerful, but the fact that he's too good for the story he's in. That's why Rey is a Mary Sue and Goku is not. As said: "if anything, Dragon Ball's problem is repetitiveness".
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  66.  @androkguz  I watched it, but, believe it or not, Red didn't provide the first definition of the Mary Sue trope, and I'm not bound to agree with her. It had been described and defined thousands of times, and the best definition of a Mary Sue is, "a central character that's not challenged by the plot". Because he's so superior to the story he's in, that the plot can give him only minor nuisances, not real challenges. That's why Rey is a Mary Sue, and Goku is not. Resting on Star Wars, Red doesn't know the source material very well also. It has been estabilished IN MOVIE that "wonderboy pilot" Luke had experience in piloting starfighters (T-16) BEFORE joining the rebellion. It's not like he became a pilot out of nothing, like Rey became an engineer, a gunner, a swordfighter and a jedi out of nothing.
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  67.  @deathknight75  He didn't bash Muslims and Greeks at all. Don't take this review for serious.
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  68. Diomedes is my favourite Greek hero since the first time I read the Iliad as a kid. He's not a demigod, he has not god-made superweapons, he's not even that rich (Homer says he had plain bronze weapons, without decorations of gold and silver), he doesn't throw child-like tantrums, he's so cold-minded (contrary to his father, Tydeus, that couldn't stop fighting even when she was dying) that he stops fighting mid-battle to greet an "inherited friend" (their grandfathers had been each-other guest) that was fighting in the other side. He's the regular guy that gets the job done despite anyone around him acting like an idiot. It's cute too see too how Athena has an obvious like for him, probably also because she felt guilty to have let his father die.
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  69. The Arsenal of Venice was famously able to produce a galley a day, and their rowers were no slaves
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  70. That's only Aeschylus' version of the mith. According to Euripides, Orestes and Electra were condemned to death by a court in Mycenae and saved by the intervent of Menelaus, that persuaded (or forced at swordpoint) the Myceneans to give them a year of exile instead. It was not game over however, since Orestes was still persecuted by the furies and ,in order to escape them, he was ordered by Apollo to go to Tauris, carry off the statue of Artemis which had fallen from heaven, and to bring it to Athens. In Tauris Orestes found his lost sister, Iphigenia, taken away from sacrifice by Artemis and rised as one of his priestess, was saved by her (not really girl-hating, is it?), and returned with her and the statue to Mycenae, so reuniting what was left of the family and finally being freed from the persecution. There are other versions as well.
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  71.  @tylerellis9097  1) Oh, yeah, it was only a small massacre, How could the Byzantines think that the Venetians could care of it? 2) So Genoese were fair game? 3) Had they massacrated Byzantines? (and, with the benefit of hindsight, why not, if they had been able able to vanquish the Empire in the end?) 4) So, when you are not satisfied of some State's assistance, the normal thing to do is massacrating the citizens you can find? The massacre of the latins simply demonstrated to the Venetians that the Byzantine Empire was an unstable and unpredictable commercial partner, and that, if they wanted to carry on their business without being at the mercy of some mad emperor, they had to do it through THEIR ports and THEIR fortresses, not asking for permission. In the end, it had been the right move, so yes, the massacre, for the byzantines, backfired a little. The way Byzantines could die to Turks is by dying to Turks. They already lost Anatolia before (stable? Please...), and there were no more Crusaders Kingdoms to take the brunt of the muslims' expansion efforts.
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  72.  @megnoliaedge6500  Mind that Apollo is also the god of playing and singing, while Artemis is of dancing.
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  73. "Ok messer Brunelleschi. We made a hole that's two meters larger than the biggest dome in the world (that BTW had been made by the Romans, and none knows how they did it) and we put it at 55 meters height. Now cover it."
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  74. Italian had been popularized in literature by BOCCACCIO, more than by anyone else (surely much more than by Machiavelli). His Decameron had been a massive success. Written a century before printing, it was copied not only by professionals, but by normal people that wanted to have their own copy, all over Italy (that Italy didn't have a meaningful use for a standard national language until the late 1800s is simply wrong. Anyone who traveled, IE merchants, needed, and used, a standard language. "literary" Italian, the language of Boccaccio, was not something only literates used in their writings). It's commonly said Dante is the father of Italian language, but in reality is the grandfather. Boccaccio is the real father. Being, among the "tree crowns" (Dante, Petrarch and Boccaccio) the one that wrote in prose, it had been Boccaccio that gave to the Italian vocabulary and grammatical rules, and the success of the Decameron cemented it so much that every modern Italian can still read and understand every sentence of it (not so much the Divina Commedia, that requires more than a bit of attention to be understood by a modern Italian).
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  75.  @ruialmeida818  13-14th century Italians WOULD NEVER IDENTIFY THEMSELF WITH DIFFERENT NATIONALITIES. One thing are political entities, another is nationality ESPECIALLY FOR DANTE, that was in favour of the Empire, so a sovranational political entity. The same order of the political stances in the Comedy stress that. Inferno is about Tuscan politics, Purgatorio about Italian politics, Paradiso about European ones. Petrarch (born in Arezzo, Tuscany) in a letter to Boccaccio (Born in florence, Tuscany) made fun of the Calabrian scholar Leontius Pilatus that, being Italian (Petrarch's words. For Petrarch there were no doubts that someone born in Calabria was an Italian like him and Boccaccio), pretended to be Greek to have more recognition.
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  76. all hope abandon ye who enter here
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  77.  @marvelfannumber1  ​That there would have been no Ottoman Empire without the 4th Crusade is a strong assumption since it had been founded almost ONE HUNDRED YEARS after the sack. What the 4th Crusade did in the long term for Venice was TWO CENTURIES of absolute rule over the eastern Mediterranean, and further three centuries of disputed rule, but Venice was still profiting of the Crusade after half a millennium. What other investment had been so successful in the long term?
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  78. In versions of the mith, Persephone was totally ok with that, they had to organise the thing because Demeter was iperprotective, and didn't allow Hades to court Persephone the normal way (in her defence, she had bad experiences with both of his brothers). Really, all of other miths about the couple show Hades to be so lowey-dowey and basically agreeing with anything Persephone said, that it seems totally out of character for him to kidnap her.
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  79.  @lirazel6414  Yeah, but it's not for being married and having children that he was in hell, but for what he did out of marriage. It has to be said that, for having cheated on his wife, he should have been put in the second circle, but the "violence against nature" is a worse sin, so...
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  80. Many other travelers of that era didn't mention tea, the great wall, or chopsticks. Marco was a traveler, not a westerner that enters in a Chinese restaurant and discover he can't have a fork for the first time in his life. He saw and practiced dozens of way of eating and tasted hundreds of beverages. Tea and chopsticks were not particularly weird.
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  81. Greatest poet of middle age and arguably of all times?
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  82. Church canon never changed to match the Divine Comedy.
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  83. Anakin is a failure. He lost everything. The Universe kicked him without even making him a sympatetic-sue, and the prophecy about him only applied to a last act of redemption.
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  84. I really HATE how every Hollywood movie about Greek gods has Hades as the villain. Mith Hades is really the best of the bunch there. He's strictly faithful to his wife (that can persuade him to do everything she wants), he's cool-minded and, despite bing all lovey-dovey with Persephone, he accepts her to spend six-months a year in in the world, because otherwise her mother, Demeter (THAT HAD BEEN RAPED BY BOTH ZEUS AND POSEIDON WITHOUT ANY CEREMONY) would miss her too much! He even tries to be a nice guy to her mother-in-law!
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  85.  @ultravioletentertainment7332  Not by chance some scholar argued that Orestes mith had been the sum of several older ones. In Euripides version, Orestes' guilt could not have been appeased just by a favourable verdict. He could atone his killing of a relative, altough to vindicate another, only by reuniting what was left of his family and leaving the circle of killings. Obviously Apollo foreshadowed all of that. The quest was not to find a statue, but to find a sister. Aeschylus' turned it into an advertising for Athen's legal system. Even if the goal was not much to declare the inferiority of the mother over the father (mind that half of the jury did not agree, even with a GOD as the defense attorney), but that, as the Romans would have said "in dubio pro reo", when the votes of the judges are evenly divided, mercy must prevail.
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  86. 12:22 "Oh my god, It's almost like the fourth crusade had long term consequences". Seriously? The Ottomans started to be a issue for Venice 200 YEARS after the sack of Constantinople (and initially they were a minor one, see the Battle of Gallipoli, that the Venetians won easily in 1416). Venice was still holding parts of the gains of the 4th Crusade 500 YEARS after the sack. Even admitting (and it's a strong assumption) that the Fourth Crusade really caused the raise of the Ottoman Empire, to have eliminated one of the intermediaries (so to have better prices and higher profits), annexed a good part of his wealth, and being still profiting of the operation after HALF A MILLENNIUM seems like AN HELL of a deal.
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  87. Pepin was both the name of Charlemagne's father and the nickname of one of his sons.
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  88. It has been noticed how the Dante main character of the Comedy, is very different from the historical Dante poet. He is weak, timorous (Dante was a war veteran) and not very bright (not understanding the meaning of much of the things that the Dante poet wrote). More than a self-insert, Dante gave his name to a proper character that was fit for the poem.
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  89. Actually there is nothing remotely resembling a book in the original text. She should have read some weird translation. Dante only sees what resembled a human image in the second of the three circles (Jesus, obviously, since he incarnated in a human).
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  90. It should be noted, as aknowledged by Dante in "de vulgari eloquentia" that Sicilians had bee the first one to do poetry in Vulgar (the Sicilian School), so demonstrating Vulgar to be a "high" and complete language.
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  91. That's only Aeschylus' version of the mith. Aeschylus' goal was not to declare the inferiority of the mother over the father (mind that half of the jury did not agree, even with Apollo as the defense attorney), but to promote Athen's legal sistem where, as the Romans would have said "in dubio pro reo", when the votes of the judges are evenly divided, mercy must prevail. When the votes of the judges are equally divided, Athena ALWAYS votes for the defendant. BTW According to Euripides' version, Orestes and Electra were condemned to death by a court in Mycenae and saved by the intervent of Menelaus, that persuaded (or forced at swordpoint) the Myceneans to give them a year of exile instead. It was not game over however, since Orestes was still persecuted by the furies and ,in order to escape them, he was ordered by Apollo to go to Tauris, carry off the statue of Artemis which had fallen from heaven, and to bring it to Athens. In Tauris Orestes found his lost sister, Iphigenia, taken away from sacrifice by Artemis and rised as one of his priestess, was saved by her, and returned with her and the statue to Mycenae, so reuniting what was left of the family and finally being freed from the persecution. There are other versions as well.
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  92. Real life Dante was a badass. Dante main character of the Comedy, is purposedly very different from the poet. He is weak, timorous (Dante was a war veteran) and not very bright (not understanding the meaning of much of the things that the Dante poet wrote). More than a self-insert, Dante gave his name to a proper character that was fit for the poem.
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  93. Not a fanfiction, since there was not a canon.
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  94. That's only Aeschylus' version of the mith. According to Euripides, Orestes and Electra were condemned to death by a court in Mycenae and saved by the intervent of Menelaus, that persuaded (or forced at swordpoint) the Myceneans to give them a year of exile instead. It was not game over however, since Orestes was still persecuted by the furies and ,in order to escape them, he was ordered by Apollo to go to Tauris, carry off the statue of Artemis which had fallen from heaven, and to bring it to Athens. In Tauris Orestes found his lost sister, Iphigenia, taken away from sacrifice by Athena and rised as one of his priestess, was saved by her, and returned with her and the statue to Mycenae, so reuniting what was left of the family and finally being freed from the persecution. There are other versions as well.
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  95. ​ @imheretokissassandtakename8797  Oh, a noob troll. You should at least know the matter of the discussion to seem a little interesting.
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  96. @Axiom Steel26 I did, and in original. Have you?
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  97.  @johnnygreenface  There's no description of hell, purgatory or heaven in the bible. Is like saying that every piece of literature ever vritten with an angel or a demon in it is a fan fiction of the bible.
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  98. Actually there is nothing remotely resembling a book in the original text. She should have read some weird English translation. Dante only sees what resembled a human image in the second of the three circles (Jesus, obviously, since he incarnated in a human).
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  99. It's a ship war between the actual characters. Like: Priam: "I totally ship them" Menelaus: "I DON'T! SHE'S MY WIFE!"
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  100.  @Daughterofminerva  Infact Nàpulə, Napule, etc., it's pronunciation, like many English cities are pronounced in a different way than how they are written. The pronunciation is not the same even at few kms distance. It's not like "Napoli is a modern invention, it was Napule before the late 19th century". If you pick a 15th century map of the city, it has "Napoli" written over it.
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  101. Especially for Artemis. Her and her brother (Phoebus) were pretty famous for being touchy and unmerciful.
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  102. Venetians were badass.
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  103.  @ourkeving  I'm not. Why should I? Before Rey, the canon character on which the definition "Mary Sue" had been used the most is probably Wesley Crusher.
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  104. Until the 13th century, the power to elect the Doge was of the Concio, the assembly of free citizens. The creation first of the Consilium Sapientium to aid the Doge, then its transformation in Maggior Consiglio, and finally the Serrata (limiting it to 52 families) and the voiding of the Concio of the real power were all seen as meant to promote stability.
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  105. Caravaggio was more of a brawler. Cellini was involved in actual wars.
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  106.  @danieldubinsky95  "I have odysseused many in my time, up and down the wide world, man and women both, therefore let his name be Odysseus" (Odissey, book 19). "odyssasthai" is an "active" form of "being hated", it means both "being hated" and "cause pain". Something like "causing pain, and being hated for that". Autolykos was also the one that taught Odysseus hunting (there were not many possibilities in the small island of Ithaca). During a hunt on mt. Parnassus young Odysseus was almost killed by a wild boar, and received the scar on the tight he was known for. On some version, he was also the one that gave him the famous bow.
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  107. 4:13 furies are the cutest furies ever. Also, You said "Argo" all the time, but it was Mycenae. Argo was the city of Diomedes, who was also betrayed by his wife, but managed to escape from the city.
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  108. The entire "Dante hated Greeks" part is more a blatant lie than a misrepresentation.
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  109. In a version, she reached "legal banging age" before being saved, and had a child with Theseus. After the twins released her, the child was "assigned" to Helen's sister Clytemnestra, to preserve the "value" of the more beautiful Helen. The same child was slained by Agamemnon, when he raped Clytemnestra. At that point Castor and Pollux forced Agamemnon to marry Clytemnestra at swordpoint.
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  110. The Swedish self-proclaimed werewolf at 15:25 insisted that the werewolves were "God's dogs".
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  111.  @deathknight75  Not really. Dante put Averroes and Saladin among the not-baptised virtuous. Averroes between the philosophers, with the likes of Aristotle and Plato. Saladin with the likes of Caesar. It had not been by chance. Saladin was the man that took Gerusalem away from Christianity, but he did it in an honorable manner, so he was not at fault more than Caear was at fault for being a pagan. Mohammad was put among the schismatics because Dante believed to the tale, diffused in medieval Europe, that Mohammed was a Christian bishop who created a new religion "mixing that of Moses with that of Christ". He's among the bearers of discord because he brought discord into Christanity. The Muslim's Saladin job happened to be to fight Christians, so he was not at fault in doing that. While Mohammad's job was not to create a new religion "dividing the Christians", so he's among the schismatics. Mind that Alì is there for the same reason. To have caused a schism, this time among the Muslims. for Dante it didn't count Christians or Muslims. counted if one brought discord or not. Greek heroes are there only because, to make the comedy interesting, Dante needed popular figures, alternating between the well known contemporaries and the well known historical figures (IE, in Canto XXVI there is Odysseus, in canto XXVII Guido da Montefeltro). But well known historical figures in middle age Europe were saints and characters of greek mithology. He couldn't put saints in hell, so...
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  112. Greatest poet of middle age and probably of all times?
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  113.  @marvelfannumber1  It's quite hilarious to hear someone describing giving hard datas "throwing around numbers". It usually happens when someone doesn't have real arguments. That the Ottoman Empire would not have existed without the fourth crusade is not an "argument", is an unsupported statement, and the "numbers" you dislike so much are there to say that the correlation is not so sure as you like to believe. But even agreeing with the unsupported statement. The 4th crusade screwed up the Byzantine Empire? And so? Why Venetians should have cared? EVEN WITH THE BENEFIT OF HINDSIGHT they profited from the operation FOR AN INCREDIBLE AMOUNT OF TIME.
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  114.  @marvelfannumber1  Sorry, but numbers are relevant in history. And the temporal distance between the events is FUNDAMENTAL. It's not like history is independent from the time, and time is counted with numbers. As already said, I don't need a "counter point". That the Ottoman Empire would not have existed without the fourth crusade is not an "argument", is an unsupported statement, and the "numbers" you dislike so much are there to say that the correlation is not so sure as you like to believe. I have not to prove that you are wrong. You made a statement ("the fourth crusade caused the rise of the Ottoman Empire") your is the burden of the proof. You said "Venice really shot themselves in the foot with that whole 4th Crusade thing, a pretty shortsighted powergrab which both created and destroyed their naval empire." Reality is that Venice was still holding part of the gains of the 4Th Crusade when the Republic was ended not by the Ottomans, but by Napoleon. The naval empire too was not destroyed by the Ottomans. Venetian naval strenght continued after the one of the Ottomans reached its peak and declined. Infact, while they needed allies to win at Lepanto, the Venetians single handedly won almost all the naval engagements in the subsequent Cretan War. What ended the Venetian naval empire had not been the confront with the Ottomans, but the shift of the balance of trade towards the Atlantic, and so the marginalization of the eastern mediterranean. Venice didn't got weaker compared to the Ottomans (to whom they could still seize the Peloponnese at the end of 17th century), but compared to the other European powers.
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  115.  @marvelfannumber1  Your statement: "Well using data would be relevant if we were either having a math-focused conversation, or if we were having an economic conversation, maybe even a political conversation. But in a historical conversation? Using numbers and dates as your primary argument is just not very valid of a counter point." Sorry, but numbers are relevant in history. And the temporal distance between the events is FUNDAMENTAL. It's not like history is independent from the time, and time is counted with numbers. What I said to you FURTHER is that the Ottoman Empire would not have existed without the fourth crusade is not an "argument", is an unsupported statement, and the "numbers" you dislike so much are there to say that the correlation is not so sure as you like to believe. I have not to prove that you are wrong. You made a statement ("the fourth crusade caused the rise of the Ottoman Empire") your is the burden of the proof, so YOU can't ignore numbers. That said, The Byzantine empire lost Anatolia, and big or small parts of it, several times before the 4th crusade. The Ottoman Empire raised because of the 4th Crusade, or because of the Empire being unable to ward it's borders? There wouldn't have been a series of wars with it's neighbours without the Crusade? The Empire would have had 100 Years to "repel the Turks" or to decay? Or to exhaust itself in border wars anyway? You took too many things for granted. You built an ucronia, and now like to believe it would have been real. But it doesn't work like that. Then, after having talked of straw men, you built one. My statement: "Reality is that Venice was still holding part of the gains of the 4Th Crusade when the Republic was ended not by the Ottomans, but by Napoleon". Are you able to read? "PART". Was Venice still holding part of the gains of the 4th crusade when the Republic was ended by Napoleon? YES. As said: The Ottomans started to be a issue for Venice 200 years after the sack of Constantinople (and initially they were a minor one, see the Battle of Gallipoli, that the Venetians won easily in 1416). Venice was still holding parts of the gains of the 4th Crusade still 500 years after the sack. To have eliminated one of the intermediaries (so to have better prices and higher profits), annexed a good part of its wealth, and being still profiting of the operation after HALF A MILLENNIUM seems like AN HELL of a business. What financial plan predicts positive outcomings for five centuries? That the Ottomans stripped Venice of much of the gains of the 4TH Crusade, STARTING ONLY 200 YEARS AFTER THE SACK and and had not stripped all of them STILL AFTER FURTHER THREE CENTURIES means that the investment had been INCREDIBLY PROFITABLE FOR AN INCREDIBLY LONG TIME. The Ottomans never "dominated" Venice, sorry. They very slowly eroded the gains of the 4th Crusade, but ANY YEAR ANY OF THOSE GAINS LASTED, IS A YEAR OF PROFIT. If the profits are diminishing, that doesn't mean that the ones already gained disappear. It's like saying that the entire Byzantine Empire had been worth nothing, because it ceased to exist. BTW, from "having an influence" to be "part of the territory" there is a BIG difference. I'm sorry for the "Ottoman historians". That Venice needed the help of the Holy League to win at Lepanto in 1571, but single handedly won almost all the naval engagement in the Cretan War (1645-1669), being able to several times blockade the Dardanelli for months is a fact. The naval strenght of the Ottomans declined first than the Venetian one. What ended the Venetian naval empire had not been the confront with the Ottomans, but the shift of the balance of trade towards the Atlantic, and so the marginalization of the eastern mediterranean. Venice didn't got weaker compared to the Ottomans (to whom they could still seize the Peloponnese at the end of 17th century), but compared to the other European powers. Don't worry. your refusal to use "numbers" in your supposed "historical analysis" gave me the impression that your knowledge is at "romance" level.
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  116.  @kyomademon453  Infact it's true that Venice fought seven wars vs. the Ottomans in three centuries, but that simply means that there were three or four years of war every 50 (and they were mostly sieges, relatively cheap for the defenders). For the rest it was business as usual, with the Ottoman Empire being Venice's main trading partner. Venice's goal in almost all the Ottoman–Venetian wars was to show to the Ottomans that a war vs. Venice was so expensive for gains so limited to not being worth the pain, reach a peace agreement, and start to trade with them again.
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  117.  @tylerellis9097  ​ 1) Why not the Ottomans? The Byzantine Empire lost Anatolia, and big or small parts of it, several times before the 4th crusade. In 1203 they didn't held Bithynia (birthplace of the Ottoman Empire) more that they did in 1299. 2) A different name for the Turkish Empire would have made a real difference? The expansion against the Byzantines had slowed down because the muslims were focused on attacking the Crusader States for two centuries, but Acre fell in 1291. History turned page.
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  118.  @tylerellis9097  Again. That without the 4th Crusade the Byzantine Empire would have been able to repel the Turks is only an ucronia one can choose to believe, but it's narrative, not reality.There is no proof or hint that, without the Crusade, the Empire would have not decayed, or exhausted itself in border disputes, or internal struggles.
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  119.  @tylerellis9097  Are you jocking? Your is the statement ("no 4th crusade = No Ottoman Empire"), your is the burden of the proof.
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  120.  @tylerellis9097  It's quite simple. Your is the stratement ("no 4th crusade = no Ottoman Empire"), your is the burden of the proof. What's hard to understand?
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  121.  @tylerellis9097  No, what i'm saying is that you have not supported your statement that, without the 4th crusade, Byzantium would have not been conquered by the Ottomans. A thing happened two and half centuries later. Your is the statement, your is the burden of the proof. Unfortunately you have not proved that. Is only a thing that you like to believe.
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  122. The Romans in constantinoples deserved it for the massacre of Latins (and for not paying their mercenaries, that's always a bad move).
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  123.  @justinpachi3707  They asked for some of his predecessors? The empire was not exactly a democracy, was it? Their emperor didn't pay for his mercenaries, and that tend to be a bad idea.
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  124. Actually there is nothing remotely resembling a book in the original text. She should have read some weird English translation. Dante only sees what resembled a human image in the second of the three circles (Jesus, obviously, since he incarnated in a human).
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  125. In the Divine Comedy, Purgatory is at the antipodes of Jerusalem. The closest land is the island of Rapa Iti, in French Polinesia. It's actually a mountain.
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  126. In the Comedy, Beatrice represents teology (infact, like Virgil couldn't led Dante up to the peak of earthly paradise, Beatrice couldn't led him to the final vision of God, since teology can't bring you to a real knowledge of God, only ecstasy can do that, that's why she's replaced by St. Bernard). The "second girlfriend", that distracted him, was poetry.
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  127. In a version of the mith, she was totally OK with that, they had to organise the thing because Demeter was iperprotective, and didn't allow Hades to court Persephone the normal way. In her defense, Demeter had bad experiences with both of Hades' brothers and, being Persephone the personification of vegetation, her descent to the underworld would have meant the end of the life on the world. In the end, they reached an agreement. Every year Persephone would have spent six months in the underworld and six in the actual world.
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  128. This is the version of the mith of a single author, Hesiod, that lived in modern-day Turkey.
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  129. Gluttons are those that surrendered to material needs so that those needs determined all of their life (becoming search for unnecessary luxuries). Since they acted like beasts, by giving in to their instincts, like beasts they'll grovel in the stinky mud without shelter.
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  130. Because Athena is the goddes of strategy and tactic, the intelligent side of war, while Ares is the god of fury and massacre, the beastly side of war.
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  131. A Mary Sue is a central character that isn't challenged by the plot. It doesn't count how powerful he is, or if he is the centre of the universe. A charcter can legitimately be the centre of the universe (IE think of Harui Suzumiya) without being a Mary Sue. That's why Goku (and I'm not really a Dragon Ball fan) isn't a Mary Sue (Dragon Ball's problem is, if anything, repetitiveness). In his case, the plot is specifically made to challenge him. It doesn't count how powerful he is. There are always characters that are as, or more, powerful. It doesn't count if he gets power-ups. Power ups are legit in his universe (that's specifically stated) and many characters get them. It doesnt' count if he generally wins. Not only that's true for many heroes (plot armour doesn't make Mary Sues), but, contrary to many of them, we know that he can loose (it happened several times) or even die (it happened several times). And that's why Rey IS a Mary Sue. SHE'S NOT CHALLENGED BY THE PLOT. It doesn't count if she's a girl. She gets out of troubles simply by showing to possess abilities that she shouldn't logically have without any explanation (is like Goku suddenly becoming smarter than Bulma in building mechanisms). Or getting gratuitous power-ups that simply decided to happen at the right time without the need for any training. She doesn't need to train, she doesnt need to do anything. The universe seems to conspire to make her look awesome without any real effort. First than Rey, the most famous example of sueish canon character was Stat Trek TNG's Wesley Crusher (so much that, for a long time, to indicate a male Mary Sue the expression "the Wesley" had been favoured over "Gary Stu" ), so much for the sexism of the trope.
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  132. They couldn't be killed, because they were immortal, but they could be wounded (and feel pain if they were), and even imprisoned by mortals (not easy, since they were all shape-shifters, but it had been done several times in myths).
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  133. Dante called it simply "Commedia" and is a comedy simply because it has an happy ending. "Divina" was added by Boccaccio, because it has an holy subject and because it's really good.
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  134. What weird translation of the Divine Comedy did you read? THERE ARE NO BOOKS IN GOD IN THE ORIGINAL TEXT. There is nothing remotely resembling a book. Dante only sees what resembled a human image in the second of the three circles (Jesus, obviously)
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  135. It's the plural of "pazzo" that means "mad". It was an old and very numerous family.
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  136. Dandolo had been pretty beneficial to Venice. If other weren't that enthralled, their bad.
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  137. What you described at first are not gender-related characters, but plot-related characters. More specifically they are characters for action/adventure fiction. More of those parts are traditionally played by males because males were the overwelming majority of the readers/viewers of such fictions and they relate to their gender. Males still are a vast majority of the readers/viewers but, since times changes, those roles are increasingly played by female characters. They are not exception and, apart for bad fiction (that happens whathever gender the characters belong to), they are not "taking a full developed male character and turning him into a girl". You are taking a girl for a given role. Those roles seems simplicistic for a girl? They are simplicistic for male characters too. Action/adventure fiction is not exactly renown for the realism and the complexity of the characters. Apart for roles that it's difficult to cover with a given gender for biological reason (IE a male as "the mom" or a female as "the big friendly guy", but, obviously, there are exceptions) the only role that writers really avoid to give to female characters is that of the laughing-stock. it's full of male characters that are hapless-clumsy-selfish-cowards, but to give that role to a female seems to be disrespectful. Rey is an OP Mary Sue because she's not challenged by the plot. Every time the plot slightly bothers her, she escapes thanks to a gratuitous power-up that has no sense in that universe. She does mind-control because she heard stories about the jedi? Really? At only 16 years from the fall of the republic Luke certanly heard much more stories, but it took him, a prodigy, trhee movies to do that. One has to wonder why the jedi in the Republic needed a school and years of training if hearing stories was enough. Wonderboy fighter-pilot Luke, at the end of the first movie, after having been trained by a master, only had a glimpse of vision of the force and, at the end of the second movie, after having been trained by another master, is throughly defeated by the villain. Rey beats the main villain in a lightsaber duel the first time she takes a sword in hand (or, better, that a lightsaber is attracted by her hand). The rage that welcomed Rey's performances is nothing compared to what would have happened had she been a male. The "ludicrously competent girl training the completely inexperienced schlub" is "the ace". A role that has tons of male examples (is one of those traditionally male roles that had recently seen more females interpreting it). The ace almost always gives room to the schlub at the end, for a reason or another, so that the new hero can save the day and yeah, if you give to the schlub at least a bit of training, it feels natural. None complained that Nikita could kick asses, since she was trained to do that. It has nothing to do with "girls support dudes in our culture". One of the the best recent examples is probably Sinbad in "Magi: The Labyrinth of Magic", and he's not a girl, nor is Dante Vale in Huntik.
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  138. Yeah, it was not even a regular boar (that can be tough when you have to face it with a spear), no, it was a killing machine sent by Artemis herself. It's not that weird that the most famed hunters and heroes of Greece (a good part of which will be wounded or killed in the hunt) tried to dissuade an unknown girl that appeared out of nothing wanting to participate. Everyone would have considered it a suicide.
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  139. Not a fanfic, since there was no canon. Actually the Divine Comedy became the canon for the afterlife.
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  140. Her mother was the daughter of a Thessalian king and of an Oceanid. Her father was the son of an Egyptian king and of the daughter of Nilus river, So, putting the supernatural beings aside, she was half European and half north-African.
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  141. They were rival for other things than small differencies in treatment of women. BTW Spartan women were pretty appreciated in Greece. First than the great advertising campaign of the supposed military virtues of the Spartans that were the Thermopylae, the general agreement in Grece was that Argo produced great warriors and Sparta beautiful women. Kinda like "Argives are from Mars, Spartans are from Venus".
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  142. Actually, in the Comedy, Beatrice represents theology. That's why, at the end of the Paradise, she can't lead Dante to see God, because God is beyond reason and can't be understood by it, only ecstatics (like St. Bernard, that led him) can have a vision of it.
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  143. In the Divine Comedy, Purgatory is at the antipodes of Jerusalem. The closest land is the island of Rapa Iti, in French Polinesia. It's actually a mountain.
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  144. Italian had been popularized in literature by BOCCACCIO, more than by anyone else (surely much more than by Machiavelli). His Decameron had been a massive success. Written two centuries before printing, it was copied not only by professionals, but by normal people that wanted to have their own copy, all over Italy (that Italy didn't have a meaningful use for a standard national language until the late 1800s is simply wrong. Anyone who traveled, IE merchants, needed, and used, a standard language. "literary" Italian, the language of Boccaccio, was not something only literates used in their writings). It's commonly said Dante is the father of Italian language, but in reality is the grandfather. Boccaccio is the real father. Being, among the "tree crowns" (Dante, Petrarch and Boccaccio) the one that wrote in prose, it had been Boccaccio that gave to the Italian vocabulary and grammatical rules, and the success of the Decameron cemented it so much that every modern Italian can still read and understand every sentence of it (not so much the Divina Commedia, that requires more than a bit of attention to be understood by a modern Italian).
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  145. Battuta was a great traveler, but he mostly traveled into the Islamic world, so in an already known settings. Like a Christian traveling western and eastern Europe.
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  146. He knew very well.
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  147. Lagoons are not stable environments, they tend to became or firmland, or open sea, in few centuries, or even decades. The first occurrence was happening to the Venetian Lagoon in 15th century, since the Brenta river, that created the lagoon, was filling it with sediments, so the Venetians had to decide if they wanted a city like all the others, surrounded by cultivated fields, or work to mantain their devensive moat. The discussion lasted for 30 years, then it was decided to deviate first the Brenta river and then a branch of the Po river, to mantain the lagoon. As a result of those works, the lagoon was saved, and the delta of the Po begun protunding into the Adriatic sea, like it's still doing.
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  148. From the depiction he gives, that's very accurate not coming from a naturalist, it's easy to guess that he saw a Sumatran rhino.
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  149. One of you should really make an episode on "the token girl in real life", Matilda of Tuscany. What other girl kicked an Emperor's ass in 11th century Europe? Is criminal how she's underrepresented on the Tube.
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  150. That's only Aeschylus' version of the mith. Aeschylus' goal was not to declare the inferiority of the mother over the father (mind that half of the jury did not agree, even with Apollo as the defense attorney), but to promote Athen's legal sistem where, as the Romans would have said "in dubio pro reo", when the votes of the judges are evenly divided, mercy must prevail. When the votes of the judges are equally divided, Athena ALWAYS votes for the defendant. BTW According to Euripides' version, Orestes and Electra were condemned to death by a court in Mycenae and saved by the intervent of Menelaus, that persuaded (or forced at swordpoint) the Myceneans to give them a year of exile instead. It was not game over however, since Orestes was still persecuted by the furies and ,in order to escape them, he was ordered by Apollo to go to Tauris, carry off the statue of Artemis which had fallen from heaven, and to bring it to Athens. In Tauris Orestes found his lost sister, Iphigenia, taken away from sacrifice by Artemis and rised as one of his priestess, was saved by her, and returned with her and the statue to Mycenae, so reuniting what was left of the family and finally being freed from the persecution. There are other versions as well.
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  151. One has to understand that Marco Polo was not a westerner that entred into a chinese restaurant for the first time, discovered there weren't forks and "how strange!". At that point he had visited many different people that eat in many different ways (mostly with bare hands). Chopsticks were a petty thing to him.
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  152.  @tylerellis9097  That it wouldn't had been an islamic expansion in Europe without the fourth crusade is only an unsopported statement. Maybe without Venice keeping them at bay, the expansion would have been faster. Surely, for the honorable and loyal Byzantines, to massacre some tenth of thousands unarmed merchants in 1182 had not been such a great idea.
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  153.  @tylerellis9097  I'm sure that thinking "but we slaughtered just a few Venetians!" had been a great consolation for the citizens of Constantinopole during the sack, but the Venetians felt to be touched enough, and that's all that counts. Sorry, but law and moral have nothing to do with this matter. There was nothing lawful or moral in the massacre, there was nothing lawful or moral in the various coup d'etat that made the Byzantine policies toward latin merchants wavy and unreliable.The massacre of the latins simply demonstrated to the Venetians that the Byzantine Empire was an unstable and unpredictable commercial partner, and that, if they wanted to carry on their business without being at the mercy of some mad emperor, they had to do it through THEIR ports and THEIR fortresses, not asking for permission. In the end, it had been the right move, so yes, the massacre, for the byzantines, backfired a little. So ehe Empire of Nicaea, well after the Crusade, was able to defeat some Turks badly, but it's direct descendant was beaten by the Ottomans. That doesn't seem to indicate a responsability of the Crusade in the fall of the Empire. That without the 4th Crusade the Byzantine Empire would have been able to repel the Turks is only an ucronia one can choose to believe, but it's narrative, not reality.There is no proof or hint that, without the Crusade, the Empire would have not decayed, or exhausted itself in border disputes, or internal struggles. Again, "legal"? In 1204? All the legality that was needed in international affairs, was that the stronger one took what he wanted. The Byzantines had never fought an expansionist war? The Byzantine Empire had been unable to hold its possessions in front of the Crusaders, and so had rightly been divided between them.
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  154.  @tylerellis9097  "legal right to reconquest?" LMFAO! Then the Venetians had the legal right to conquer any fortress they considered useful to carry on their business without been at the mercy of the Byzantine shenanigans. Sorry, but the evidence is that the Byzantine Empire had been destroyed. "It wouldn't had been destroyed without a fact happened 250 years before" is your statement, that you have to prove.
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  155.  @tylerellis9097  Sorry , but the statement that, without the 4th crusade, Byzantium would have not been conquered by the Ottomans, a thing happened two and half centuries later is your, not mine, and you have not proved that. Is only a think you like to believe. Sorry, but that's an idiocy. Have you dreamed about it last night? Who decides what "powers" have the right to put their mouth in the question? You? Who recognised the right of the Byzantines to conquer Gotic kingdom, or the Vandal one? And besides, The "powers" were perfectly fine in dividing among themself the Byzantine Empire, so it was fair game, right?
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  156.  @tylerellis9097  Your was only a possibility. "It existed for much time", "The Empire of Nicaea overstretched itself to reconquer Byzantium", "The Byzantine Empire would have had one hundred years to fortify" are opinions, not proofs. Venice is responsible for the Sack of 1204. That this "opened the ways to the Turks" is your opinion. Maybe it slowed them down.
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  157.  @tylerellis9097  You simply are unable to understand the meaning of the word "proof", don't you? Facts. The Byzantine Empire was destroyed in 1204 by the 4th Crusade. Then a lot of things happened, until Byzantium was conquered again by the Ottomans two and half centuries later. Your statement "without the 4th crusade, the Ottomans would have not conquered Byzantium two and half centuries later". Proofs of your statement: none. "They had been sacked in 1204" is not proof of a direct consequentiality with what happened in 1453. "But they had been sacked so bad!" is not better proof. Maybe without the 4th Crusade, the Ottomans would have conquered Byzantium in 1353 instead of 1453. You simply don't know.
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  158.  @tylerellis9097  Sorry, but appealing to a supposed "common sense" in science is not relevant. As already said, the statement that, without the 4th crusade, Byzantium would have not been conquered by the Ottomans, a thing happened two and half centuries later is your, not mine. Your the statement, your the burden of the proof, and you have not proved that. Is only a think you like to believe. If you think what you said is "proof" then you simply don't know what a "proof" is. The Byzantine Empire already lost Anatolia, and big and small parts of it, first than the 4th Crusade. There is no proof that the Byzantine trade had been damaged by the Venetians after the 4th Crusade more that it would have been without it. The Venetian fleet had been stronger than the Byzantine one since well before the 4th crusade.
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  159. ​ @tylerellis9097  So what are you stating? That the Venetians were unable to wage war in the eastern Mediterranean without the 4th Crusade? They already did before (IE in the battle of Jaffa) or that they surely would have not acquired a base at all without the Crusade? Why not? They were a rising power. Your arguments are, sorry, just shit, because you are unable to think that, without the 4th crusade, things would have gone differently from what you like to believe in your ideal world. You just like to keep Sucking Byzantine's dick. Again, You fail to undertand that a series of thing happening doesn't mean that, without one of those, the rest of history would have happened the way you believe. Because history is determined by many things.
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  160. Actually that's exclusively Ovid's version of the mith. He invented the whole rape and curse thing because he was writing a book called "metamorphosys", that was about shape-shifting miths (so he needed a shape-shifting, and, since the book was about changes, he didn't care about changing the miths themselves) and because he loved to depict autorities in a bad light, so, in his versions of the miths, gods always play with mortals without caring abouth them. In the original Greek mith, Medusa was simpy born a monster, one of the three gorgons (along with Stheno and Euryale), that were daughters of Echidna and Typhon. Ironically, all three had the same aspect and powers, but Medusa was the only one that was mortal.
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  161. Because that was the only way to legally accept her testimony.
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  162. Like for Tessalonic, sold to the Venetians when it was already under siege by the Ottomans in 1423, it was an attempt to avoid, or at least delay, it's loss at the hands of the Turks, since Venetians were good at siege warfare, and could supply their fortresses by sea.
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  163. In the Bible angels are so humanoid that they are often mistaken for humans.
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  164. "The Venetians are currently pushing for independence"? LOL! Please...
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  165. Not in the Commedia. He had his abdomen cut open but, like any other damned in that circle, he could walk. In the time he would have completed the turn of the circle, his wounds would have healed, then a devil would had cut him open again. He profetises to Dante that Fra Dolcino will join him in that circle.
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  166. Santa Maria del Fiore dome is much larger and higher.
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  167. The Council of Ten progressively expanded its own powers until, in 1468, the Great Council curbed it. As stated, Venice had the means to avoid a man, or a reduced assemble, to gain too much power. Consider also that the Council, thus having in theory supreme police and judicial power (they could condemn anyone to death after a secret trial) very rarely used it. They knew they were judging member of their own caste. And there was no reason for those ten guys to trust more the other members of the Council than their own families and allies. Also, the Council didn't have an army, so it had power only as long as at least one of the other two major powers (the doge and the Great Council) granted it
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  168. A Mary Sue is a central character that isn't challenged by the plot. That's his defining trait. It doesn't count how powerful he is, or if he is the centre of the universe. A charcter can legitimately be the centre of the universe (IE think of Harui Suzumiya) without being a Mary Sue. That's why Goku (and I'm not really a Dragon Ball fan) isn't a Mary Sue. In his case, the plot is specifically made to challenge him. It doesn't count how powerful he is. There are always characters that are as, or more, powerful. It doesn't count if he gets power-ups. Power ups are legit in his universe (that's specifically stated) and many characters get them. It doesnt' count if he generally wins. Not only that's true for many heroes (plot armour doesn't make Mary Sues), but, contrary to many of them, we know that he can loose (it happened several times) or even die (it happened several times). And that's why Rey IS a Mary Sue. She's not Challenged by the plot. It doesn't count if she's a girl. She gets out of troubles simply by showing to possess abilities that she shouldn't logically have without any explanation (is like Goku suddenly becoming smarter than Bulma in building mechanisms). Or getting gratuitous power-ups that simply decided to happen at the right time without the need for any training. She doesn't need to train, she doesnt need to do anything. The universe seems to conspire to make her look awesome without any real effort.
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  169. And that's why she's a mary Sue. A Mary Sue is a central character that isn't challenged by the plot. That's his defining trait. It doesn't count how powerful he is, or if he is the centre of the universe. A charcter can legitimately be the centre of the universe (IE think of Harui Suzumiya) without being a Mary Sue. That's why Goku (and I'm not really a Dragon Ball fan) isn't a Mary Sue. In his case, the plot is specifically made to challenge him. It doesn't count how powerful he is. There are always characters that are as, or more, powerful. It doesn't count if he gets power-ups. Power ups are legit in his universe (that's specifically stated) and many characters get them. It doesnt' count if he generally wins. Not only that's true for many heroes (plot armour doesn't make Mary Sues), but, contrary to many of them, we know that he can loose (it happened several times) or even die (it happened several times). Rey instead IS a Mary Sue. She's not Challenged by the plot. It doesn't count if she's a girl. She gets out of troubles simply by showing to possess abilities that she shouldn't logically have without any explanation (is like Goku suddenly becoming smarter than Bulma in building mechanisms). Or getting gratuitous power-ups that simply decided to happen at the right time without the need for any training. She doesn't need to train, she doesnt need to do anything. The universe seems to conspire to make her look awesome without any real effort.
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  170. In the Divine Comedy, Purgatory is at the antipodes of Jerusalem. The closest land is the island of Rapa Iti.
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  171. Actually there is nothing remotely resembling a book in the original text. She should have read some weird translation. Dante only sees what resembled a human image in the second of the three circles (Jesus, obviously).
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  172. In the Divine Comedy, Purgatory is at the antipodes of Jerusalem. The closest land is the island of Rapa Iti, in French Polinesia.
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  173. The Swedish self-proclaimed werewolf at 15:25 insisted that the werewolves were "God's dogs".
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  174. Good to be a god.
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  175. that had actually been the first dome bigger than the Pantheon's one.
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  176. Dandolo had ben pretty beneficial to Venice. If some non-Venetian was not so enthralled by him, his bad. Also, maybe massacrating Venetian citizens had not been that great of an idea, and not paying your mercenaries had never been a good one.
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  177. A Mary Sue is a central character that isnt's challenged by the plot. It doesn't count how powerful he is, or if he is the centre of the universe. A charcter can legitimately be the centre of the universe (IE think of Harui Suzumiya) without being a Mary Sue. That's why Goku isn't a Mary Sue. In his case, the plot is specifically made to challenge him. It doesn't count how powerful he is. There are always characters that are as, or more, powerful. It doesn't count if he gets power-ups. Power ups are legit in his universe (that's specifically stated) and many characters get them. It doesnt' count if he generally wins. Not only that's true for many heroes (plot armour doesn't make Mary Sues), but, contrary to many of them, we know that he can loose (it happened several times) or even die (it happened several times).
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  178. Always pay your mercenaries. The "selling out it's neighbours to the Mongols" is utter bullshit.
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  179. It's because Inferno is much easier to read, and Dante perfectly knew it. He advises in the first canto of the Purgatory that it would be much more difficult to follow him, and in the second canto of the Paradise he recommends the ones that followed him only for fun to not go further.
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  180. When your fhater tries to beat you (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Latins ), it's time to demonstrate him that you have grown much stronger than he is.
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  181. Leonardo made sure that none of the weapons he desighed had ever been realised. Fortresses, yes, bridges, yes, every sort of machine, yes, but not weapons.
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  182. Don't forget that Sisyphus had been Laertes' guest around the time Ulysses was conceived. There were rumors in the antiquity that he was the actual father.
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  183. That's how the Gunpowder Plot failed. Conspiacies that involve too many people DON'T WORK.
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  184. That's only Aeschylus' version of the mith. According to Euripides, Orestes and Electra were condemned to death by a court in Mycenae and saved by the intervent of Menelaus, that persuaded (or forced at swordpoint) the Myceneans to give them a year of exile instead. It was not game over however, since Orestes was still persecuted by the furies and ,in order to escape them, he was ordered by Apollo to go to Tauris, carry off the statue of Artemis which had fallen from heaven, and to bring it to Athens. In Tauris Orestes found his lost sister, Iphigenia, taken away from sacrifice by Artemis and rised as one of his priestess, was saved by her, and returned with her and the statue to Mycenae, so reuniting what was left of the family and finally being freed from the persecution. There are other versions as well. Aeschylus' turned it into an advertising for Athen's legal system. Even if the goal was not much to declare the inferiority of the mother over the father (mind that half of the jury did not agree, even with Apollo as the defense attorney), but that, as the Romans would have said "in dubio pro reo", when the votes of the judges are evenly divided, mercy must prevail.
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  185. What's really astounding is that the violin is practically unchanged since late 16th century. It was made for now mostly forgotten music, accompained by now forgotten instruments. Yet it's fully actual.
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  186. To try to dissuade a random girl, that came out of nothing and that none heard of before, to go face a killing machine sent by Artemis herself seems more trying to prevent a suicide that being a dick. The other participants were ALL famed warriors and hunters.
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  187. For Christians, and Dante as well, hell, heaven and purgatory are not eternal. Souls will reside there until the day of judgment, when the dead ones will resurrect in their own bodies and anyone will be judged. Then the righteous will reside with God, and the unwhorty will be consumed in fire. Purgatory was conceived for two reasons: First of all several passages of the Bible states that's right to pray for the dead ones, for them to be absolved of their sins, but what's the use to pray for someone that is already in heaven, or already in hell? There must be a "third place" where the prayers of the living ones can have effect on the destiny of the sous of the dead ones. The second is Zechariah 13:9 "This third I will put into the fire; I will refine them like silver and test them like gold. They will call on my name and I will answer them" So there is a place in the afterlife where souls are not damned not saved, but tested before being saved.
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  188.  @johnnygreenface  Is like saying that every piece of literature ever vritten with an angel or a demon in it is a fan fiction of the bible.
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  189.  @johnnygreenface  And obviously is like saying that the bible itself IS fanfiction, because it had not been the first piece of literature with angels or demons in it.
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  190.  @johnnygreenface  No. It doesn't feature "all the important characters in the bible". The only "important characters" of the bible that Dante sees are God and the Devil. Not really an exclusive of the bible. Sorry, but you should at least know what you are talking about. Is set in OUR world. Like much of the literature. Is like looking at a story with a starship and commenting "Oh! A fan fiction of Star Trek." Or, again, is like saying that every piece of literature ever vritten with an angel or a demon in it is a fan fiction of the bible.
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  191.  @johnnygreenface  Something doesn't become real only because you like it. Stop bothering me if you have not better arguments.
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  192.  @jandiqar  I dind't search for the one I was answering to, like I didn't search for you. He started discussing with me, like you did. But at least he seemed to have something remotely related to the argument to say. Unlike you.
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  193.  @sneednfeed5559  Oh, a grammar nazi. The last resource of the losers.
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  194. In the Comedy, Beatrice represents teology (infact, like Virgil couldn't led Dante up to the peak of earthly paradise, Beatrice couldn't led him to the final vision of God, since teology can't bring you to a real knowledge of God). The "second girlfriend", that distracted him, was poetry.
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  195.  @mattymag2394  And he won the world martial arts tournament only at the third attempt. He lost to Muten Rōshi the first time and to Tien Shinhan the second.
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  196.  @56jklove  Is because there are so many of them that Red had to choose the wrong example?
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  197.  @hypotheticalaxolotl  He's in two cities. The main part of the bones are in Bari. The rest is in Venice.
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  198. In the Comedy, Beatrice represents teology (infact, like Virgil couldn't led Dante up to the peak of earthly paradise, Beatrice couldn't led him to the final vision of God, since teology can't bring you to a real knowledge of God, only ecstasy can do that, that's why she's replaced by St. Bernard). The "second girlfriend", that distracted him, was poetry.
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  199. You missed two things. The Mose (Venice is a lot less wet these days) and the Egyptian museum of Turin (considered the most important outside Egypt, for quantity and quality of the items).
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  200. Columbus didn't have to "prove" it. Any educated person of his time knew that. He actually used a map, made by Toscanelli twenty years before, that shown the ocean between Europe and East Asia http://www.arcetri.astro.it/~ranfagni/CD/CD_TESTI/IMAGES/VSP89_3.GIF (Fact is that none knew the extension of Asia, and everyone overestimated it. Placing a real map over Toscanelli's one, Columbus should have reached Japan when really there is Mexico. https://lucamaggio.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/ricostruzione-del-planisfero-di-paolo-dal-pozzo-toscanelli-da-a-literary-and-historical-atlas-of-america-before-1920.jpg ).
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  201. Actually there is nothing remotely resembling a book in the original text. She should have read some weird English translation. Dante only sees what resembled a human image in the second of the three circles (Jesus, obviously, since he incarnated in a human).
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  202. You are also making some confusion between pronunciation and place-name. Napoli's local name had never been "Napule", Venice's local name had never been "Venisia", Palermo's local name had never been "Palermu". They had never been written like that, even when the official documents were written in the local language. Venice's local name was generally written "Venetia", and sometimes Venésia, Venéxia or Vinegia. Napoli had never been written differently than that (since when it lost the ancient name of Neapolis). Palermo passed from the Latin Panormus, to Panormo to Palermo, it had never been "Palermu".
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  203. A Mary Sue is a central character that isn't challenged by the plot. It doesn't count how powerful he is, or if he is the centre of the universe. A charcter can legitimately be the centre of the universe (IE think of Harui Suzumiya) without being a Mary Sue. That's why Goku (and I'm not really a Dragon Ball fan) isn't a Mary Sue. In his case, the plot is specifically made to challenge him. It doesn't count how powerful he is. There are always characters that are as, or more, powerful. It doesn't count if he gets power-ups. Power ups are legit in his universe (that's specifically stated) and many characters get them. It doesnt' count if he generally wins. Not only that's true for many heroes (plot armour doesn't make Mary Sues), but, contrary to many of them, we know that he can loose (it happened several times) or even die (it happened several times). And that's why Rey IS a Mary Sue. SHE'S NOT CHALLENGED BY THE PLOT. It doesn't count if she's a girl. She gets out of troubles simply by showing to possess abilities that she shouldn't logically have without any explanation (is like Goku suddenly becoming smarter than Bulma in building mechanisms). Or getting gratuitous power-ups that simply decided to happen at the right time without the need for any training. She doesn't need to train, she doesnt need to do anything. The universe seems to conspire to make her look awesome without any real effort.
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  204. Actually that's exclusively Ovid's version of the mith. He invented the whole rape and curse thing because he was writing a book called "metamorphosys", that was about shape-shifting miths (so he needed a shape-shifting, and, since the book was about changes, he didn't care about changing the miths themselves) and because he loved to depict autorities in a bad light, so, in his versions of the miths, gods always play with mortals without caring abouth them. In the original Greek mith, Medusa was simpy born a monster, one of the three gorgons (along with Stheno and Euryale), that were daughters of Echidna and Typhon. Ironically, all three had the same aspect and powers, but Medusa was the only one that was mortal.
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  205. Feet, not meters. Many travelers that went in China in that era didn't mention it. Ibn Battuta heard of it, but wrote that he didn't see it, and had not been able to find someone that saw it.
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  206. Actually there is nothing remotely resembling a book in the original text. She should have read some weird translation. Dante only sees what resembled a human image in the second of the three circles (Jesus, obviously, since he incarnated in a human).
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  207. In the Divine Comedy, Purgatory is at the antipodes of Jerusalem. The closest land is the island of Rapa Iti, in French Polinesia.
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  208. Surely an improvement.
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  209. Actually there is nothing remotely resembling a book in the original text. She should have read some weird translation. Dante only sees what resembled a human image in the second of the three circles (Jesus, obviously).
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  210. The Swedish self-proclaimed werewolf at 15:25 insisted that the werewolves were "God's dogs".
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  211.  @alexandriacollins7119  Because he defeated the Lombards for him.
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  212. Same thing for St. Nicholas in Bari. It had been stolen by Italian sailors, from Bari, from his burial church in Myra, modern Turkey, when the city had been already invaded by the Seljuk Turks in 1087.
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  213. So credible that he copied entire passages, as old as 150 years, from previous travelers.
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  214. What happened in practice is that the 1981 movie "Excalibur" (where, IE, Morgan and Morgause are already the same character, and Mordred is already a pawn of his mother) became the "canon" and almost everyone started changing elements from there.
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  215. Pink is just light red.
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  216. The Byzantines MASSACRED tens of thousands of Roman Catholics living in Byzantium, and the survivors were sold into SLAVERY to the Turks. Afther that, "your ass, my way".
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  217. Actually the difference between the souls in Purgatory and the ones in hell is that the ones in purgatoy repented their sins before dying. That's well explained in the XXVII canto of Inferno. Guido da Montefeltro is there, in the same bolgia of Ulysses, despite having been absolved by the Pope himself, because his repentance FOR A SINGLE SIN was not valid. The pagan righteous are in limbus because, not having been baptised, they are still guilty of Adam's sin and so, like Adam, unworthy of Earthly Paradise.
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  218. Bjorn Ironside did something in the Mediterranean. Ironically, 2/3 of a fleet that was used to the Atlantic, was sunk by a storm in the Med, just off the Ligurian coast.
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  219. He didn't. Protestants had never been the main part of the Christians. BTW the Church fought for its whole history Vs. powers militarly much stronger than it was. Luther gave them a tool more. Religion in general having less power now than in 16th century is hardly Luther's work.
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  220. Another power of the Benandanti was to see, and be able to talk with, the procession of the dead (a procession of souls of freshly dead people, that had to atone for some misdeed they did in life). That was their defining feature. As one of them said during an inquisition, "Who can see the dead ones is a Benandante".
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  221. In the Comedy, Beatrice represents teology (infact, like Virgil couldn't led Dante up to the peak of earthly paradise, Beatrice couldn't led him to the final vision of God, since teology can't bring you to a real knowledge of God). The "second girlfriend", that distracted him, was poetry.
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  222. "Ok messer Brunelleschi. We made a hole that's two meters larger than the biggest dome in the world (that BTW had been made by the Romans, and none knows how they did it) and we put it at 55 meters height. Now cover it."
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  223. Weird school. Marco Polo was for sure a real person (there are tons of documents about him and his family) and the number of scholars that doubted about his travels dwindled as long as more Chinese, European and Persian reports about the early Yuan dinasty are found.
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  224. There is really no "better" in heaven. The souls took places in the respective skies only for the time Dante was there. They normally are ALL in the "candid rose".
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  225. Venice was still holding possessions gained in the fourth Crusade when the Republic was ended by Napoleon. The investment had been profitable for five centuries.
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  226.  @DaDunge  They gained much more by trading with them actually.
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  227.  @DaDunge  The massacre of the latins shown to the Venetians that the Byzantines were not a reliable partner and it was better to be able to trade from THEIR ports instead to have ask the Byzantines for permission. The operation had been completely successful. Venice would have not had those fortresses without the crusade. The wars with the Ottomans always followed the same scheme. At the cost of few ships and men, Venice made the conquest of any of its fortresses INCREDIBLY costly for the Ottomans, so, for several decades after, they preferred to face the Europeans powers by land instead of trying to quarrel with Venice again, so it was business as usual.
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  228.  Alvi Syahri  As said, Venice was still holding possessions gained in the fourth Crusade when the Republic was ended by Napoleon. The investment had been profitable for five centuries.
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  229. The Swedish self-proclaimed werewolf at 15:25 insisted at the trial that the werewolves were "God's dogs".
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  230. Actually the Venetian bureocracy was an example in Europe, much less corruptible than almost any other, and the police state, even if today it's intended in a negative fashion, was an improvement over autocracy. To oppose the autorities was not a crime in Venice when it was in any other European State.
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  231. In the Comedy, Beatrice represents teology (infact, like Virgil couldn't led Dante up to the peak of earthly paradise, Beatrice couldn't led him to the final vision of God, since teology can't bring you to a real knowledge of God, only ecstasy can do that, that's why she's replaced by St. Bernard). The "second girlfriend", that distracted him, was poetry.
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  232.  @StephanFitzgeraldTay  In middle age it was diffused the belief Muhammed was a Christian bishop before creating Islam. Notice that Ali is in the same circle, for having divided Islam.
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  233. Actually, when he reached the continent, in his third voyage, Columbus correctly stated it was a new continent.
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  234. No. Marco's accounts are the most complete of any traveler we know. He gives more verified details than any other, and they are the more verified the more we discover Chinese and Persian accounts. Fact is that Chinese reports of the early Yuan dinasty are pretty scarce. Marco is often the source closest to the facts.
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