Comments by "I God" (@igod6800) on "NC House passes bill blocking transgender athletes from women’s sports" video.

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  15.  @elliott9139  Position Statement on Issues Related to Homosexuality Approved by the Board of Trustees, December 2013 Approved by the Assembly, November 2013 "Policy documents are approved by the APA Assembly and Board of Trustees...These are...position statements that define APA official policy on specific subjects..." – APA Operations Manual. W hile recognizing that the scientific understanding is incomplete and often distorted because of societal stigma, the American Psychiatric Association holds the following positions regarding same-sex attraction and associated issues. It is the American Psychiatric Association’s position that same-sex attraction, whether expressed in action, fantasy, or identity, implies no impairment per se in judgment, stability, reliability, or general social or vocational capabilities. The American Psychiatric Association believes that the causes of sexual orientation (whether homosexual or heterosexual) are not known at this time and likely are multifactorial including biological and behavioral roots which may vary between different individuals and may even vary over time. The American Psychiatric Association does not believe that same sex orientation should or needs to be changed, and efforts to do so represent a significant risk of harm by subjecting individuals to forms of treat- ment which have not been scientifically validated and by undermining selfesteem when sexual orientation fails to change. No credible evidence exists that any mental health intervention can reliably and safely change sexual orienta- tion; nor, from a mental health perspective does sexual orientation need to be changed. The American Psychiatric Association opposes discrimination against individuals with same-sex attraction whether it be in education, employment, military service, immigration and naturalization status, housing, income, government services, retirement benefits, ability to inherit property, rights of survivorship, spousal rights, family status, and access to health services. The American Psychiatric Association recognizes that such discriminations, as well as societal, religious, and family stigma, may adversely affect the mental health of individuals with same-sex attraction necessitating intervention by mental health professionals, for which, the American Psychiatric Association supports the provision of adequate mental health resources to provide that intervention. The American Psychiatric Association supports same-sex marriage as being advantageous to the mental health of same-sex couples and supports legal recognition of the right for same-sex couples to marry, adopt and co-parent. Authors: David Scasta, M.D., and Philip Bialer, M.D.
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  17.  @RAAAHUM  APA Official Actions Position Statement on Issues Related to Sexual Orientation and Gender Minority Status Approved by the Board of Trustees, July 2020 Approved by the Assembly, April 2020 “Policy documents are approved by the APA Assembly and Board of Trustees. . . These are . . . position statements that define APA official policy on specific subjects. . .” – APA Operations Manual Issue: Diverse sexual orientations and gender identities exist as part of the human condition. Ongoing, widespread stigma against those with diverse sexual orientations and gender identities are present in mainstream society and contribute to higher rates of psychiatric illness in those populations. Inclusive and supportive environments for those individuals identifying with diverse gender and sexual orientations are associated with favorable mental health outcomes (1-9). Efforts to change an individual’s sexual orientation or gender expression have been shown to be harmful and potentially deadly (10-27). Furthermore, discrimination against these individuals may adversely affect the mental health of such individuals, necessitating intervention by mental health professionals (27-38). APA Position: 1. APA reaffirms that sexual orientation and gender minority status, whether expressed in action, fantasy, or identity, implies no impairment per se in judgment, stability, reliability, or general social or vocational capabilities. 2. APA supports the use of diverse-affirming mental health treatments 3. APA condemns any practice that aims to change one’s sexual orientation or gender expression in the form of conversion therapy, or any other similar type of therapy, as ethically and morally wrong and, additionally, these practices represent a significant risk of harm by subjecting individuals to forms of treatment that have not been scientifically validated 4. APA opposes discrimination against those with diverse sexual orientations and gender identities whether it be in education, employment, military service, immigration and naturalization status, housing, income, eligibility for government services, retirement benefits, property inheritance, rights of survivorship, spousal rights, family status, access to health services, and legal right to marry, adopt and co-parent. Author: Council on Minority Mental Health and Health Disparities © Copyright, American Psychiatric Association, all rights reserved.
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  41.  @SnakeEyesLV  White Matter Microstructure in Transsexuals and Controls Investigated by Diffusion Tensor Imaging Biological causes underpinning the well known gender dimorphisms in human behavior, cognition, and emotion have received increased attention in recent years. The advent of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging has permitted the investigation of the white matter microstructure in unprecedented detail. Here, we aimed to study the potential influences of biological sex, gender identity, sex hormones, and sexual orientation on white matter microstructure by investigating transsexuals and healthy controls using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Twenty-three female-to-male (FtM) and 21 male-to-female (MtF) transsexuals, as well as 23 female (FC) and 22 male (MC) controls underwent DTI at 3 tesla. Fractional anisotropy, axial, radial, and mean diffusivity were calculated using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and fiber tractography. Results showed widespread significant differences in mean diffusivity between groups in almost all white matter tracts. FCs had highest mean diffusivities, followed by FtM transsexuals with lower values, MtF transsexuals with further reduced values, and MCs with lowest values. Investigating axial and radial diffusivities showed that a transition in axial diffusivity accounted for mean diffusivity results. No significant differences in fractional anisotropy maps were found between groups. Plasma testosterone levels were strongly correlated with mean, axial, and radial diffusivities. However, controlling for individual estradiol, testosterone, or progesterone plasma levels or for subjects' sexual orientation did not change group differences. Our data harmonize with the hypothesis that fiber tract development is influenced by the hormonal environment during late prenatal and early postnatal brain development. Introduction Numerous neuroimaging studies have revealed that females and males differ with respect to brain function and structure. Several of these studies use diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), a magnetic resonance imaging method that yields quantitative measures, including the degree of anisotropy [fractional anisotropy (FA)] and axial (AD), radial (RD), and mean (MD) diffusivities (Johansen-Berg and Behrens, 2009). Studies investigating sex effects on white matter microstructure using DTI have revealed several regions in which diffusivity measures differed between women and men. In a sample of 857 healthy subjects, Inano et al. (2011) found higher FA and AD in males in multiple regions, whereas higher RD was more widespread in females. Although brain structural sex dimorphisms have been linked to hormonal differences between the sexes during fetal development (Chou et al., 2011), puberty (Herting et al., 2012), or adulthood (Witte et al., 2010), the specific biological mechanisms underlying these differences remain to be determined. According to the organization/activation theory, hormonal influences during late prenatal and early postnatal brain development determine the sexual imprint of the brain. The presence or absence of testosterone (T) during the second half of pregnancy is believed to shape our brains toward male or female, respectively (Swaab and Garcia-Falgueras, 2009; Bao and Swaab, 2011). Although direct genetic influences can also affect sexual brain differentiation without the involvement of sex hormones, it is assumed that brain organization underlying a subject's gender identity is dependent on hormonal influences during fetal development (Swaab and Garcia-Falgueras, 2009). Furthermore, because sexual brain differentiation is temporally differentiated from sexual differentiation of the genitals, both processes can be influenced independently, which may result in transsexuality (Swaab and Garcia-Falgueras, 2009). Hence, it is assumed that the transgender identity in these subjects results from a mismatch between gender-specific brain development and the development of body and genitals. Investigating transsexual subjects before they receive hormonal treatment thus provides the unique opportunity to differentiate brain structural features that underlie a person's gender identity from those that are defined by a person's biological sex.
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  42.  @SnakeEyesLV  hilaríous? jajajajajajaj Cortical Thickness in Untreated Transsexuals Abstract Sex differences in cortical thickness (CTh) have been extensively investigated but as yet there are no reports on CTh in transsexuals. Our aim was to determine whether the CTh pattern in transsexuals before hormonal treatment follows their biological sex or their gender identity. We performed brain magnetic resonance imaging on 94 subjects: 24 untreated female-to-male transsexuals (FtMs), 18 untreated male-to-female transsexuals (MtFs), and 29 male and 23 female controls in a 3-T TIM-TRIO Siemens scanner. T1-weighted images were analyzed to obtain CTh and volumetric subcortical measurements with FreeSurfer software. CTh maps showed control females have thicker cortex than control males in the frontal and parietal regions. In contrast, males have greater right putamen volume. FtMs had a similar CTh to control females and greater CTh than males in the parietal and temporal cortices. FtMs had larger right putamen than females but did not differ from males. MtFs did not differ in CTh from female controls but had greater CTh than control males in the orbitofrontal, insular, and medial occipital regions. In conclusion, FtMs showed evidence of subcortical gray matter masculinization, while MtFs showed evidence of CTh feminization. In both types of transsexuals, the differences with respect to their biological sex are located in the right hemisphere. cortical thickness, magnetic resonance imaging, sex differences, transsexualism
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  43.  @edgardoybanezjr.2857  Las diferencias cerebrales entre hombres y mujeres * Tamaño total del cerebro con unos 200cc en promedio de diferencia. * El espesor de la corteza cerebral. * la longitud del cuerpo calloso. * El sistema colinérgico del prosencéfalo basal * Tamaños de las amigdalas * Tamaño de las insulas * Conectividad del hipocampo. * Giro prefrontal medial. * Tamaño de los lóbulos temporales. * el giro post central. * el tálamo. * el vérmis cerebelar. * el precuneus izquierdo. * la corteza occipital y la parietal * Vulometría interhemisférica. * Espesor cortical. * Tamaño longitudinal del cuerpo calloso. * Mayor número de neuronas del hipocampo (Hipc), la amígdala (Am) y en núcleo de la estría terminalis (BST) * Más neuronas y más sinapsis en el núcleo dismórfico sexual del área preóptica (POA): n. preóptico medial. * Neuronas mas grandes y más sinapsis en el núcleo ventromedial del hipotálamo (Hipt). * Menor número de neuronas en la región ventral del núcleo paraventricular (AVPV) * Menos sinapsis en el núcleo arcuato del hipotálamo. * Las mujeres y los sujetos MtF en estudio de DWI, tienen mejor conectividad interhemisférica entre el sistema subcortical/límbico y la corteza cerebral, frente a los hombres que tienen mejor conectividad intrahemisférica. Hay unas 30 características diferentes entre los cerebros de hombre y los de mujer, partiendo del peso total de 1400 gr promedio hombre y 1200 gr promedio mujer. El cerebro de hombre funciona intrahemisférico cada hemisferio por aparte y la mujer interhemisférico con la cooperación de ambos hemisferios El espesor de la corteza cerebral es mayor en hombres El tamaño del cuerpo callosos es mayor en mujeres Cambios de tamaño y densidad celular en tálamo, hipotálamo, ínsulas, hipocampos y amígdalas. Las mujeres y los sujetos mujeres trans en estudio de DWI, tienen mejor conectividad interhemisférica entre el sistema subcortical/límbico y la corteza cerebral, frente a los hombres que tienen mejor conectividad intrahemisférica.
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  47.  @edgardoybanezjr.2857  Cortical Thickness in Untreated Transsexuals Abstract Sex differences in cortical thickness (CTh) have been extensively investigated but as yet there are no reports on CTh in transsexuals. Our aim was to determine whether the CTh pattern in transsexuals before hormonal treatment follows their biological sex or their gender identity. We performed brain magnetic resonance imaging on 94 subjects: 24 untreated female-to-male transsexuals (FtMs), 18 untreated male-to-female transsexuals (MtFs), and 29 male and 23 female controls in a 3-T TIM-TRIO Siemens scanner. T1-weighted images were analyzed to obtain CTh and volumetric subcortical measurements with FreeSurfer software. CTh maps showed control females have thicker cortex than control males in the frontal and parietal regions. In contrast, males have greater right putamen volume. FtMs had a similar CTh to control females and greater CTh than males in the parietal and temporal cortices. FtMs had larger right putamen than females but did not differ from males. MtFs did not differ in CTh from female controls but had greater CTh than control males in the orbitofrontal, insular, and medial occipital regions. In conclusion, FtMs showed evidence of subcortical gray matter masculinization, while MtFs showed evidence of CTh feminization. In both types of transsexuals, the differences with respect to their biological sex are located in the right hemisphere. cortical thickness, magnetic resonance imaging, sex differences, transsexualism
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  62.  @Only2genders43  Position Statement on Issues Related to Sexual Orientation and Gender Minority Status Approved by the Board of Trustees, July 2020 Approved by the Assembly, April 2020 “Policy documents are approved by the APA Assembly and Board of Trustees. . . These are . . . position statements that define APA official policy on specific subjects. . .” – APA Operations Manual Issue: Diverse sexual orientations and gender identities exist as part of the human condition. Ongoing, widespread stigma against those with diverse sexual orientations and gender identities are present in mainstream society and contribute to higher rates of psychiatric illness in those populations. Inclusive and supportive environments for those individuals identifying with diverse gender and sexual orientations are associated with favorable mental health outcomes (1-9). Efforts to change an individual’s sexual orientation or gender expression have been shown to be harmful and potentially deadly (10-27). Furthermore, discrimination against these individuals may adversely affect the mental health of such individuals, necessitating intervention by mental health professionals (27-38). APA Position: 1. APA reaffirms that sexual orientation and gender minority status, whether expressed in action, fantasy, or identity, implies no impairment per se in judgment, stability, reliability, or general social or vocational capabilities. 2. APA supports the use of diverse-affirming mental health treatments 3. APA condemns any practice that aims to change one’s sexual orientation or gender expression in the form of conversion therapy, or any other similar type of therapy, as ethically and morally wrong and, additionally, these practices represent a significant risk of harm by subjecting individuals to forms of treatment that have not been scientifically validated 4. APA opposes discrimination against those with diverse sexual orientations and gender identities whether it be in education, employment, military service, immigration and naturalization status, housing, income, eligibility for government services, retirement benefits, property inheritance, rights of survivorship, spousal rights, family status, access to health services, and legal right to marry, adopt and co-parent. Author: Council on Minority Mental Health and Health Disparities © Copyright, American Psychiatric Association, all rights reserved.
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  82.  @summybill2567  APA Official Actions Position Statement on Issues Related to Sexual Orientation and Gender Minority Status Approved by the Board of Trustees, July 2020 Approved by the Assembly, April 2020 “Policy documents are approved by the APA Assembly and Board of Trustees. . . These are . . . position statements that define APA official policy on specific subjects. . .” – APA Operations Manual Issue: Diverse sexual orientations and gender identities exist as part of the human condition. Ongoing, widespread stigma against those with diverse sexual orientations and gender identities are present in mainstream society and contribute to higher rates of psychiatric illness in those populations. Inclusive and supportive environments for those individuals identifying with diverse gender and sexual orientations are associated with favorable mental health outcomes (1-9). Efforts to change an individual’s sexual orientation or gender expression have been shown to be harmful and potentially deadly (10-27). Furthermore, discrimination against these individuals may adversely affect the mental health of such individuals, necessitating intervention by mental health professionals (27-38). APA Position: 1. APA reaffirms that sexual orientation and gender minority status, whether expressed in action, fantasy, or identity, implies no impairment per se in judgment, stability, reliability, or general social or vocational capabilities. 2. APA supports the use of diverse-affirming mental health treatments 3. APA condemns any practice that aims to change one’s sexual orientation or gender expression in the form of conversion therapy, or any other similar type of therapy, as ethically and morally wrong and, additionally, these practices represent a significant risk of harm by subjecting individuals to forms of treatment that have not been scientifically validated 4. APA opposes discrimination against those with diverse sexual orientations and gender identities whether it be in education, employment, military service, immigration and naturalization status, housing, income, eligibility for government services, retirement benefits, property inheritance, rights of survivorship, spousal rights, family status, access to health services, and legal right to marry, adopt and co-parent. Author: Council on Minority Mental Health and Health Disparities © Copyright, American Psychiatric Association, all rights reserved.
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  83.  @FroggysGoldProspecting  Regret after Gender-affirmation Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prevalence Bustos, Valeria P. MD*; Bustos, Samyd S. MD†; Mascaro, Andres MD‡; Del Corral, Gabriel MD, FACS§; Forte, Antonio J. MD, PhD, MS¶; Ciudad, Pedro MD, PhD∥; Kim, Esther A. MD**; Langstein, Howard N. MD††; Manrique, Oscar J. MD, FACS†† Author Information Abstract Background:  There is an unknown percentage of transgender and gender non-confirming individuals who undergo gender-affirmation surgeries (GAS) that experiences regret. Regret could lead to physical and mental morbidity and questions the appropriateness of these procedures in selected patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of regret in transgender individuals who underwent GAS and evaluate associated factors. Methods:  A systematic review of several databases was conducted. Random-effects meta-analysis, meta-regression, and subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Results:  A total of 27 studies, pooling 7928 transgender patients who underwent any type of GAS, were included. The pooled prevalence of regret after GAS was 1% (95% CI <1%–2%). Overall, 33% underwent transmasculine procedures and 67% transfemenine procedures. The prevalence of regret among patients undergoing transmasculine and transfemenine surgeries was <1% (IC <1%–<1%) and 1% (CI <1%–2%), respectively. A total of 77 patients regretted having had GAS. Twenty-eight had minor and 34 had major regret based on Pfäfflin’s regret classification. The majority had clear regret based on Kuiper and Cohen-Kettenis classification. Conclusions:  Based on this review, there is an extremely low prevalence of regret in transgender patients after GAS. We believe this study corroborates the improvements made in regard to selection criteria for GAS. However, there is high subjectivity in the assessment of regret and lack of standardized questionnaires, which highlight the importance of developing validated questionnaires in this population.
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