Comments by "Flook D" (@flookd5516) on "Jubilee" channel.

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  139. ​ @Boss_Feed  Most research in academia is supported through government funding agencies. We write grant applications describing what it is we wish to do (aim), the basis for the research (reasoning, hypotheses), how we intend to go about it (methodology) and what the expected results might be. The grants are submitted to the appropriate agencies (they are usually multiple dedicated to particular areas) where the applications are peer-reviewed (committees made up of fellow academics). Those considered most promising receive a grant. If & when you receive a grant then you are legally obliged to spend it on the project specified in the application. There is no obligation to arrive at particular results or draw particular conclusions; we don't receive instructions prior to writing a grant that tell us what we should be doing. We usually run into obstacles; if we knew what was going to happen it wouldn't be research. Even with the most promising projects dead ends will be encountered. While the awarding body will want updates so they know how it's going, the results are continually used to write research papers that are published in research journals. They lay out aim, methodology, results & conclusion. They too are peer-reviewed (by academics) and can be rejected. Over time, the multiple inputs from different pieces of research draw an increasingly complete picture of a subject. What makes it into school or university textbooks (usually written by academics) is the culmination of decades of work. They're not instructions or indoctrinations from on high; it's the long term result of the work we've been doing.
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  765. "NASA has said in an article from 1988 about aerospace and aircrafts mentioning twice the earth is flat and stationary." Have you considered reading the whole sentence in those documents? They are quite explicit in stating that keeping maths to the basic aerodynamics and ignoring ignoring complicatory factors like flexibility in an airframe, a planes weight changing as it uses fuel, no weather and no compensation for curvature. "water proves a flat earth" Only if you insist level and flat are synonymous. Open a good dictionary and look at the multiple meanings of the word level. "airplanes prove the flat Earth" By flying routes that would be impossible on a F,E e.g., direct flights from Sydney to Santiago? "it was being taught in the USA school system in early 1900's" No, it was not. "We are Geocentric and we are the center" Evidence? "Just about every ancient culture also thought the earth was flat" They also thought lightning were gods hurling thunderbolts, trepanning was miracle cure, blood sacrifices were productive and metal couldn't float. How far do you want to take this? "The sphere is complete nonsense" WGS84. "we arent flying through space" Stellar parallax indicates otherwise. "Using logic and reasoning will show you the truth" Ignoring evidence you don't want to hear is not logical and relying on "just gotta be" arguments is not reasonable. "The technology of infrared lens and so on have outgrew their lies" The results support a globe. Garbled FE'er interpretations that ignore key factors and utilise incorrect maths don't change that. "the more I looked into it the more I realized we've been lied too folks" I just pointed out a long string of lies that FE'ers feed you.
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  916. ​ @kashifmccracken1526  "I'm asserting that asking what are globe earther events is not sticking to the topic" You raised the notion. "Low orbit is 6213.712 miles" Maximum for LEO is seen as 1000km. Probes are routinely sent into HEO or to other bodies. Manned flights are currently limited to LEO. "Nasa admits we cannot get out of low orbit" The Apollo craft were all single use and have been used. Being single-use means they can't be used twice; the Saturn V launchers are largely burned up in the atmosphere or at the bottom of oceans, the Landing Modules are setting on the moon, the Ascent Modules smashed on the moon and what remains of the Command Modules are sitting in museums. None of it can be re-used. Since 1973 technology has advanced. Computers, materials, manufacturing practices have all advanced; building another Saturn V & Apollo craft would require serious regression in technology. The people who designed and largely hand-assembled the Apollo craft are retired & dead; their notes exists as do the blueprints but all refer to pre-1973 technology. If modern manned spacecraft need to leave LEO then they need to do so with modern, compatible technology, particularly with features that enable modern computer chips (far more sensitive circuitry than the crude microchips of pre-1973) to survive the radiation and the means to sustain a larger crew on longer missions than the 3 man, two week missions of the Apollo programme. Manned missions not being able to leave currently does not magically mean it has always been impossible.
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  1102. ​ @jenarcana  Density is mass per volume; weight is the action of gravity on mass. In a constant gravitational field all objects fall at the same rate in a vacuum. When there is an atmosphere there is resistance directly related to the area interacting with the atmosphere; the resistance is buoyant force, the strength of that force being directly related to gravity. While the interacting area is dependent on the object's shape & orientation, the object's density also affects how much surface area is interacting with the atmosphere. A polystyrene ball can have the same mass as ball bearing but will meet more resistance as it passes through the atmosphere. You and a mouse have similar densities but the mouse has a greater ratio of surface area to volume than you; if both of you jumped down a mine shaft the mouse would be sufficiently slowed to be able to walk away at the bottom. Most objects have sufficiently high density that the difference is negligible. However if an object is less dense than the medium it is passing through then the buoyant force will be greater than gravity and it will rise, since the medium is also being pulled downwards. Weight is the action of gravity on mass and the two are directly proportional. You have considerably more mass than a gnat and and hence weigh considerably more. The gnat only has to lift its own weight, not yours. The assertion you are repeating assumes that a constant gravitational field means everything has the same weight, something that is obviously not true. Gravity was demonstrated to exist by the Cavendish experiment, reproduced countless times with similar results, that measured the horizontal attraction between masses. The subsequent Schiehallion experiment used a similar approach. Gravitational waves are changes in the distortion of space-time brought about by the motion & interaction of two very large masses (exactly how is beyond my knowledge of the subject); they were demonstrated to exist 5 years ago. That density exists is obvious; it is the ratio of mass to volume. There is no evidence that it act as a force. According to Dubay's principle, a phone lying flat in your hand is pressed against your hand by the difference in density of hand & air. This predicts that when you turn your hand over the phone will continue to be pressed against your hand but instead it falls down at 9.8m/s^2. It predicts that placing it flat against a wall leads to the phone being held there but instead it falls down at 9.8m/s^2. It predicts that if you let go of your phone in mid-air then the equal density of the air surrounding it means your phone will just float but instead it falls down at 9.8m/s^2. Predictions are important in science; whether an idea makes correct predictions is indicative of its accuracy. Dubay's density does not work which is why he never talks about such experiments. NASA was established in 1958 AD; the ancient Greeks determined the Earth was a sphere around 500BC using reasoning and the methods I described earlier. Still waiting on any explanation for how NASA managed to influence them. No explanation has ever been provided as to how governments manage to control all information, apparently controlling all correspondence & speech and manipulating shadows & stars, nor has any explanation been forthcoming as to how & why nearly 200 different countries have collaborated so faultlessly and completely for over 2 millenia, even through two world wars. As I said, they are invoked as bogeymen by people who are trying to dodge providing explanations. The education you have received may only have been while is school; that does not mean school is the be all and end all of information. Most people have not been taught beyond school nor had any hand in increasing the information humans have; FE'ers rely on that to persuade you that schools are the only source of information (except, for reasons always unexplained, Youtube). While governments set the syllabus for state schools (and only schools), they do not determine who can know what generally. Many of us work in advancing knowledge which means hands on experimentation & verification, not sitting in classrooms.
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  1103. ​ @jenarcana  The stars have two celestial poles which is not explained in FE models; they insist there is only one. The stars visible each night change over the course of the year; unexplained by FE'ers. They do not explain the midnight sun in the Antarctic Circle; they simply deny it occurs but can't even explain why the days don't get shorter in the southern summer. If Earth was flat then Polaris would be visible from all the Earth but it isn't from below the equator. The angle to Polaris would enable us to triangulate it's altitude above a FE but it can be done; it would range from infinitely above to infinitely below, not a set position. In actuality the angle to Polaris matches the latitude of the observer as would be expected from a sphere. The sun rises & sets and maintains a constant angular diameter & angular velocity. According to FE models it shouldn't come within 15-20 degrees of the horizon and the angular velocity & diameter change through the day with the sun shrinking away to at most about a quarter of its size. No explanation has been forthcoming as to how it appears to rise & set or any explanation why time & position are so predictable when it is a illusion. A spotlight sun would also change in shape throug hthe course of the day, being oval most of the time. No explanation has been provided for why the sun would illuminate such a warped area of the FE and certainly no explanation why the warped area would just happen to match that expected for a sphere. No explanation is ever provided for how the FE sun remains floating, move in circles, how the that course changes through the year or how it is powered. I'm needed elsewhere so the rest will have to wait.
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  1531. You're confusing the vernacular meaning of theory with the philosophical; you need to use a comprehensive dictionary that lists the multiple meanings of each word. A scientific theory is a comprehensive explanation for a natural phenomenon that is well-substantiated by extensive experimentation & observation. It is not a guess or hunch; that is the vernacular meaning of the word. You do not need at atmosphere to push against or another object to push you. The Third Law of Motion is universal: to every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. The hot gases from the combustion chamber goes one way, the rocket the other way with equal force. A item in a vacuum chamber remains where it is when the chamber is emptied. It is not become weightless or move on its own. When a force is applied it moves. If suspended and released the object will fall to the floor because gravity is acting on it. Visual acuity and horizon are two quite different things. When an object occupies less than 0.01 degrees a human is unlikely to be able to see it. Depending on the size of the object this usually occurs well before it reaches the horizon. (Yes, there can be more than one reason why can't something; it is not magically limited to one and only cause.) If it within the horizon then zooming can bring it back into view; once it passes the horizon no amount of zooming will bring it back. This is why FE'ers like to zoom in on ships but never try doing it with the setting sun that has unmistakably moved past the horizon. Your grasp of basic science is abominable. Don't try lecturing others.
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  1586.  @amandaboser2.051  You're conflating fact, theory and hypothesis. The shape of Earth is a fact; the means by which the pyramids were built are hypotheses and scientific explanations for how something works are theories. There is only one shape that would explain what the ancient Greeks observed. The Earth's surface is fully mapped; there is only one shape the measurements are compatible with. Every photo of Earth shows a circular cross-section; that is true of only one shape. It's a fact that it is a sphere. There is no means to test how the pyramids were built; with sufficient funding the different hypotheses could be tried (ignoring H&S requirements) but even if only one was successful it would not demonstrate that was how they were built. Again, do note that this is an engineering problem, not a scientific one. A scientific theory is a comprehensive explanation for a natural phenomenon that is well-substantiated by extensive experimentation & observation. Since nothing can be tested absolutely (i.e., there's always a next time and that could be the time it fails) it is possible for an established theory to be wrong but it is highly unlikely. Scientific hypotheses (which is what you are referring to) span from an initial untested explanation for an observation through to approaching acceptance as a theory. Each offers an explanation what is currently known but there are still too many unknowns for it to be anything other than a working basis for something. "just look at covid" Actuality or the criticism from the legions of armchair experts?
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  1843. ​ @ALightOn  FE'ers favour "I don't see how", "just gotta be" & "just does", feel that maths, measurements, scale, multiple factors, 3D etc are there to confuse people and that it is not necessary for explanations of observable reality to be in agreement with observable reality. The ancient Greeks deduced the Earth was a sphere around 500BC from the existence of horizons, the motion of the sun (constant angular velocity, rising & setting), lunar eclipses always having a circular shadow (only one shape has a circular cross-section from every angle), lunar phases, the stars changing with altitude. With some travel you can observe that we have two celestial poles, that the stars change as you move southwards and that the angle Polaris declines with altitude, becoming below the horizon south of the equator. Using a telescope equipped with a solar filter you can ascertain that he sun maintains a constant angular diameter through the course of the day, passes below the horizon and can't be zoomed back into view. With some phone calls you ascertain that everybody around the world sees the same lunar phase. With some travel or collaboration you can measure the angle to the sun at different locations with sticks & shadows and measure the curvature over the area covered. You can watch the ISS passing overhead on schedule unaffected (clouds aside) by the weather. You can get on a plane on one continent and fly direct to an airport on another continent, something achievable only with accurate maps.
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  1957. The ancient Greeks deduced the Earth was a sphere from the motion of the sun, horizons, angles to Polaris, two celestial poles and the constellations changing with latitude. Since then we have developed navigation & cartography and have the world fully mapped; the data fits only a sphere. We have put satellites & spacecraft into orbit and observed a sphere; we use satellites for GPS & TV and can observe the ISS passing overhead unfailingly on schedule. We currently have several satellites collectively taking several full hemisphere shots every hour, instantly viewable due to satellite transmissions & the web. FE'er can't explain the sun's motion, can't explain why they can't see several hundred miles in the absence of horizons, can't explain why Polaris is only visible in the northern hemisphere, can't explain two celestial poles, can't explain constellations changing with latitude, can't produce even a crude map, can't explanation how navigation would work, can't explain plane flights in the southern hemisphere, can't explain the ISS's visibility, GPS being available across oceans, can't produce the Real Model they all claim to possess, can't produce the Real Map they all claim to possess, can't produce the Real Evidence they all claim to possess, can't engage their supposed knowledge, insights & profound understanding of reality to explain anything and are totally unable to comprehend concepts such as maths, measurements, more than one variable or that their senses are very limited. Such is their depth of reasoning, Kangen here believes it is possible to use a P900 to zoom into one person from 22,000 miles away. What evidence do you think FE'ers can bring to a discussion?
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  2359. ​ @cartoonkidzy3405  When the FE predicts that the sun doesn't rise & set and you can observe it every day what validity do you think the idea as? The ancient Greeks deduced the Earth was a sphere around 500BC from the existence of horizons, the motion of the sun (constant angular velocity, rising & setting), lunar eclipses always having a circular shadow (only one shape has a circular cross-section from every angle), lunar phases, the stars changing with altitude. With some travel you can observe that we have two celestial poles, that the stars change as you move southwards and that the angle Polaris declines with altitude, becoming below the horizon south of the equator. Using a telescope equipped with a solar filter you can ascertain that he sun maintains a constant angular diameter through the course of the day, passes below the horizon and can't be zoomed back into view. With some phone calls you ascertain that everybody around the world sees the same lunar phase. With some travel or collaboration you can measure the angle to the sun at different locations with sticks & shadows and measure the curvature over the area covered. You can watch the ISS passing overhead on schedule unaffected (clouds aside) by the weather. You can get on a plane on one continent and fly direct to an airport on another continent, something achievable only with accurate maps. NASA was formed in 1958AD. No FE'er has explained how they think NASA is influencing the ancient Greeks. Pictures from orbit (Himwari-8, Elektro-L and EPIC are currently downloading several per hour) are the icing on the cake for soemthign that was proven millenia ago.
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  2561. ​ @KangenAlec  Curiously my critique has been removed.... None of you have ever gone to check Antarctica but you think you know better than those who have? There's a boat race that circumnavigates Antarctica; the distance around Antarctica is repeatedly confirmed, corresponds to the globe and definitely disagrees with your far longer, unsupported claim. The Gleason map is a projection of the accurate globe map; the video does say "azimuthal equidistant projection". Being a projection of a 3D surface onto a 2D surface it is inevitably distorted; the only accurate distances on it are those that run exactly north-south, hence the lack of a scale. The further south you go on the Gleason projection, the greater the divergence of distances from reality. "Scientifically & practically accurate' is wishful thinking on Gleason's part, not evidence. USGS uses WGS84, ie., the globe. Nobody uses the Gleason projection as an "official map" except flatearthers. The UN logo is intended to depict the member countries; it's not a secret message. Globes didn't appear until recent centuries for the simple reason it is only in recent centuries that we have fully mapped the globe. Prior to then there would be large areas marked "here there be dragons". When the earliest globe map was in 1492 and the Gleason projection was made in 1892, it is reasonable to conclude that the later was derived from the former, not vice versa with time travel. The edge of the Antarctic glacial shelf is not evidence of a unsurmountable ice-wall, and certainly not evidence of an ice-wall 200 miles inland. "logically assume more land is being hidden" on what basis exactly? Byrd is referring to the then unexplored region of Antarctica, which lay on the far side of the south pole relative to his expedition. He comments on the size of the area, not claims there is another continent. And that is just the FE crap in the first question....
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  2649.  @Supaxiro  Asking questions of the people who profess to have the answers is research. "All satellites move according to how they're programmed" If they aren't in freefall then they require a propulsion system and that requires a source of fuel. No amount of programming is going to have any effect without those. What propulsion systems keeps satellites aloft for years? That still doesn't explain their observable trajectories. Why wouldn't a satellite be accessible across the entire FE simultaneously? "My only question begs an answer and I don't expect my answer from you" Motion of the sun, horizons, angle to Polaris matching latitude, constellations changing with latitude, two celestial poles and lunar eclipses always having a circular shadow. Rotation is demonstrated with laser gyroscopes to be a constant 15 degrees/hr. Orbit is observable through stellar parallax. The world is accurately mapped enabling long-distance travel & trade. Still waiting on FE'er explanations for all those. "I expect to get it by my own efforts and gathering of facts" Watch the sun & stars. "North and South Pole if I'm ever permitted" Nobody is stopping you. "what's beyond the north and south pole are restricted from explorers" They aren't. "Because they can't and have never proved the world is a globe" Motion of the sun, horizons, angle to Polaris matching latitude, constellations changing with latitude, two celestial poles and lunar eclipses always having a circular shadow. Rotation is demonstrated with laser gyroscopes to be a constant 15 degrees/hr. Orbit is observable through stellar parallax. The world is accurately mapped enabling long-distance travel & trade. WGS84 is the measured shape of Earth. "Doing the work of a critical thinker and seeking Truth" Not much evidence of critical thinking if I have to ask the questions that you should have thought of in the first place.
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  2765. ​ @ja4nice  The quality control in science is the reproducibility of the results; even the best work is at risk from statistical error (some things do happen by chance) & human error particularly with the complexity of the work and the sensitivity at which we have to work. The more people reproducing the work then the larger the accumulative sample sizes and the more accurate the result. You aren't going to get a definitive answer from one person's work; the "insolutes" are removed through accumulative work. The experiments people do in school are simplistic and give clear answers that demonstrate the basic principles being taught. They are not representative of what is being done in a research where there are far more complicating factors and the outcome is not already known. Research is published in specialist journals, nor newspapers & magazines (not even science magazines). Each research paper is precise in its content & methodology and individually very limited in scope. Reproduction is based on that information; what occurs by chance or error is gradually weeded out. What is subsequently included in textbooks is years down the line from that research when certainty has been established. What you read in newspaper science sections are reports of isolated research papers which sound exciting to the reporter writing the articles; they are not representative of the accumulating knowledge, just interesting sounding tidbits. You can't come to any meaningful conclusion about scientific research if that is your main source of information. Do note that if you're making comparisons with historic work you've read about then you are reading the final conclusion (not the ongoing work) and they were working at a level of purities and sensitivities that are unbelievably crude by today's standards. They were picking the low hanging fruit; we're working at entirely different level of complexity.
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  2827.  @spirit_mechanic  "This is how it is with creation science." "Creation science" is that quoted while trying to justify the Biblical account. "That isn't logical OR scientific." Because they are two different things. Not knowing what initiated the BB does not magically erase the evidence of the expansion following it. You don't need to know whose finger was on the trigger to track the progress of the bullet. How the BB was initiated has bugger all to do with how planets & stars form. "Something came from nothing is exactly what the Big Bang teaches" No, that the universe and everything we can observe originated from a single point. Nobody says that there was nothing at that single point. "There HAS to be a creator" A claim for which you need to provide evidence. Assuming it to be "intricate and purposeful design" is not such evidence; it is assumption. It doesn't require intelligence just the laws of physics & chemistry over a very long period of time. The desire for a short, tidy explanation is not evidence that there is one. "All yo have to do is look back 6000 years and you will find you answers" Which comes down to wavign a copy of the Bible and asserting it to be true & accurate because you believe it to be. You need to provide evidence. "God IS the information" The claim is that all information comes from somewhere else which means there is no stopping point. "If you will accept Jesus as God and have His Spirit living INSIDE of you" Which is a matter of belief, not evidence. "Hugh Ross" Evolution & abiogenesis are not part of astrophysics, which is where his expertise lies.
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  2828.  @spirit_mechanic  "who, or what, caused the outcome " Are you arguing is that there was no outcome unless we know who fired the bullet? We can reasonably assume that the bullet followed the laws of physics like every other observed object, determine a trajectory through tracing what objects it hit or passed through and possibly determine the type of gun and the most likely firing point. You don't need to know who fired it or what their purpose was to determine any of that and the bullet is not required to have a purpose of its own. Similarly we don't need to know what initiated the BB to trace the resulting expansion. "Evolutionists are constantly 'discovering' new things to make their 'theories' sound better and better" You appear to be arguing that we shouldn't be looking at the world around us? Our knowledge of genetics and cell biology continues to increase because we look and what is found agrees with evolutionary theory and gives us increasing insight on the paths taken. Paleontology can't unfind material; should they stop looking? The more we look, the more our knowledge expands; we do not cherry-pick data to support existing conclusions. The facts don't change; they get added to and evolutionary theory becomes more finely honed as facts increase. Conclusions on particular routes can change as facts increase; the most probable paths taken in hominid evolution is an example. I'm sure Hugh Ross can explain it better but his expertise still lies with astrophysics; he is not an authority on evolution & abiogenesis. He wouldn't be the first to speak as if he was, basing his thinking on a limited (and selected) knowledge of the subjects. "God did it" is favoured by some because it is a quick & easy answer that doesn't require evidence & explanation or any deep thinking and the conclusions are firmly fixed to begin with. Unless you wish to get into the philosophical debate on perception, then I prefer relying on evidence. It is not a matter of belief but establishing facts and determining how the facts form a coherent picture. The picture can certainly change as evidence accumulates but such evidence can not be ignored.
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  2998. ​ @jenarcana  Yes, I have looked into it: I find nothing but ignorance & incredulity. Dubay says things fall because of density but provides no explanation as to how density could act as a force or why objects fall in a consistent direction at the same speed regardless of the strength & direction of his "density force"; I was automatically kicked off his YT group because I asked that (politely). None of the people professing a good understanding of the subject can answer me. Similarly he quotes 8"/mile^2 as calculating distance to the horizon, ignores how it is actually calculated (curvature, elevation, refraction) and then wants to know why he gets the wrong answer; gullible people take him at his word that he using the right maths. He can't figure out how birds fly and oceans don't (portraying gravity to be an irresistible force) when it doesn't take much thought to realise that birds have wings & muscles; they fly for the same reason you can lift your foot off the floor. I suggest you look at Professor Dave's channel, particularly the "10 Things All Flatearthers Say" and "10 Challenges for Flatearthers"; still waiting on any FE'er to explain where he is wrong or answer any of the challenges. He now has three more videos explaining why a FE doesn't match observable reality and still no explanations from the FE experts how it is supposed to work. Notably, "do the research" is one of the things all FE'ers say; they can never explain for themselves. "The earth is more than the government and the scientists of nasa are saying it is" NASA & governments have nothing to do with the shape of the Earth; they are just invoked as bogeymen by those who want you to think there is no way to verify it for yourself. It will take some travel or long distance contacts but you can do it with sticks & shadows, noting the positions of stars and observing the motion of the sun. All FE'ers can come up with is zooming in on ships because they don't realise that the limits of visual acuity does not disprove a horizon (an object can pass beyond your acuity well before it reaches the horizon; you need to wait until has actually gone over the horizon before zooming it back into view; obvious target is the sun and we are still waiting on any FE'er to demonstrate that they can zoom a set sun back into view), shining lasers across a lake with no thought given to factors & measurements or incredulous claims of "how can see that far" while standing on a mountain. Still waiting on any evidence of a dome, edge or ice-wall, just moaning about a clause in the Antarctic Treaty that all claim to have read but none can give a reference to (the document is downloadable, readable and lacking in such clause). "Gravity is barely hanging on as acceptable science" Gravity is well established, long since proven to exist and totally predictable. The "problems" arise from people who don't understand what they are talking about, e.g., assuming that near constant gravitational attraction equals irresistible attraction or working on the assumption that only one force can act at a time., though they can never explain why. If you have any questions then I would be happy to answer them.
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  2999. ​ @jenarcana  Rotation generates centrifugal force, an apparent force arising from the combination of rotational force & inertia. Centrifugal force at the equator is about 0.5% that of Earth's gravity, requiring the recalibration of balances with changing latitudes. That gravity is not understood by some students does not make gravity doubtful or wrong; that is ignorance and lack of understanding on the students' part. Newtonian physics expresses gravity as a direct force between two objects; relativity expresses as space-time curvature caused by an object's gravitational field that in turn affects the path of a moving object. Unless there are extremely large masses or high speeds involved the latter can be readily visualised as the former; it is an apparent force like centrifugal force. That it exists is not disputed. Globebusters raised $20k to buy a laser gyroscope. Mad Mike raised $8000 to fund his rocketry attempts. Funding for Antarctic trip is not prohibitive. A cheaper alternative would be a plane ticket to Ushaia, Argentina during the southern summer solstice; lying close to the Antarctic Circle it has 23hrs sunlight, 1 hr dusk at the solstice as predicted by the globe and denied by FE. Alternatively a good quality telescope would enable you to triangulate the positions of Polaris & the sun, something we are still waiting for FE'ers to do. You could include a solar filter and further measure the size & movement of the sun (again still waiting from FE'ers) and satisfy yourself that the planets are real and not "wandering luminaries". You could also indulge in a theodolite and actually try measuring curvature; similarly we are still waiting for FE'ers to do it. There is a Antarctic circumnavigational yacht race; the distance around Antarctica is well established by numerous people, not an unknown. You do not need to explore the continent itself to be able to circumnavigate it. The distance is always about 13,5000 miles, not 60,000 miles. It is not difficult to distinguish the difference which is why FE'ers never mention the race. Numerous people have now crossed Antarctica, leaving one side and appearing on the other. Other than the proposed Pacman effect or the assertion they have walked 30,000 miles rather than 900 miles without noticing we are still waiting on a FE'er explanation for this. Oblation is the ratio of major and minor axes on an ellipsoid cross-section. A frisbee's oblation is about 80%. The Earth's oblateness is about 0.3%, not something discernible to the eye. For most intents and purposes the Earth is a near perfect sphere. Numbers are important when describing something which is one reason FE'ers tend to skip them. Jennifer, all you have done is regurgitate inane FE'er assertions that can be readily shot down with a modicum of knowledge and the will to think. Data and methodology are crucial in science; FE'ers dodge proving each, relying on plausible sounding phrasing and the hope the audience doesn't think.
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  3020. Vaiyasaki Das So you have no idea what we do in labs, you just believe you do because you think you know how grants are awarded. In academia the are funding agencies, private & government, who have a block of money they can use for assigning grants. Grant applications, laying out the aims and work anticipated, are written by the scientists and submitted to agencies covering the appropriate fields. Review committees within each agency, usually staffed by other scientists from outside the agency, select the grants they think are likely to be the most productive. The applications selected receive funding, the obligation being that the bulk of the money is spent on the research described in the grant; there is no obligation to arrive at specific results. There is no master plan dictating what can be funded or looked at. It is accepted that a small proportion of most grants will be spent on other lines of research; since applications require preliminary results to back the reasoning, that is accepted by the funding agencies. Companies do it differently, the money being entirely internal. Ultimately they need information that can be used to make marketable products. To be be marketable they need to work, not fulfil someone’s idea of how they would like the universe to work. A fundamental part of an experiment is the control, something which may not have been made clear to you in school. That is the part that will produce a known result based on what is already established to be correct. Your argument is that nobody is noticing the controls are producing the wrong results.
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  3024. ​ @vaiyasakidas8178  While every day, general purpose cameras come with similar lenses professional cameras do not; they are fitted with lenses that are appropriate with the task in hand, which is why you see professional photographers carrying a case with different mountable lenses. The Apollo cameras were fitted with wide-angle lenses to capture the maximum amount of detail within each shot. The wider the angle you have covered by one shot, the less area each object in the shot can occupy. Consequently the Earth looks smaller than you expected. Without a scale being included in shots there is no way to determine the size of the object. Humans surviving the VAB is a cinch; the Apollo astronauts passed at speed through the weak periphery in a craft with an aluminium hulls, carbon fibre insulation and the water tanks placed between inner & outer hulls. The total radiation dosage was the equivalent of a couple of X-rays. The problem today is that everything is controlled by electronics, with chips containing circuitry that is only a few atoms wide; they are far more sensitive to radiation than the astronauts and their failure could be catastrophic. The original magnetic tapes on which the telemetry data was recorded no long exist; tapes went the same way as floppies. Telemetry data is just the flow of information about the second to second functioning of each craft: temperatures, fuel usage, oxygen levels etc. The data was processed and went into reports after each mission; there was no reason to hang onto the original data. If the tapes did still exist then you would need the means (long since gone) to read the tapes, it wouldn't mean anything if you weren't an Apollo engineer and demonstrates nothing about the missions. Why somebody would file a FOI request after it has already been ascertained the tapes were no longer around is beyond me. There is abundant evidence still available, readily downloadable if you wish to read it. Morale of the tale: check facts carefully before believing conspiracy theories. None of the above is secret.
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  3216. ​ @apodipl4596  You do realise that NASA does not have the monopoly on anything? That if they tried faking data it would be rapidly spotted? That you were referring to Washington's motive for funding the Apollo missions, not NASA motive for running them them? You do understand that Mercator projections are not limited to a world map? You do understand that being impractical for nautical use prior to the instruments being developed does not mean they are impractical after the subsequent development? That the existence of the instruments is not required for someone to wonder if such maps are possible? "the map was used for commercial and educational reasons . not for practical reasons" Your quote said "commercial and educational maps". That was due to the practicality I described. "this map was discredited by the cartographers" Your quote said criticised, not discredited; quite different things. As I've said, all projections of the globe onto a 2D surface are going to be distorted; it is unavoidable that a 2D map is not an accurate representation of a 3D surface; it is unavoidable that all projections are criticised for their inherent inaccuracies. "So a not useful map that makes the latin america and africa completely distorted proportionally" And I repeat, for a limited area it can be a far representation of the surface. That is why I ask if you understand that Mercator projections are not limited to the world map. "What you say also does not answer the why we keep having this distorted map" Which projection do you think gives an accurate representation of the 3D surface? You seem to think there is one we should be using and there's conspiracy to cover it up.
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  3890. ​ @kc29291  "Can't be done over a curved surface." Why can't you have a straight horizon tangential line and straight line of sight from view to horizon when the Earth's surface is curved? What prevents either and how? "the distance to your geometric horizon based on viewer height" Viewer ELEVATION not height. "you have to claim that geometric location is changing" The boat won't start disappearing until it reaches the refracted horizon. And, no, nobody is saying a physical location is refracted. Atmospheric refraction means the light from immediately beyond the geometric horizon is refracted and enables a viewer to see a little beyond the geometric horizon; the viewer apparent horizon is called the refracted horizon. The distance to the refracted horizons varies with atmospheric conditions; the greater the refractive properties from ambient humidity and air layering then the further way the refracted horizon. That has been explained over and over and over and over. "The horizon is seen beyond platform Habitat which is at 9.7 miles" The refracted horizons, not the geometric horizon. "he max limit of the geometric horizon at the viewer's height is 2.7 miles" Only if the viewer's feet are in the surf. The photo in question was taken from a hill top. They key factor is viewer *ELEVATION*. And, as is being repeatedly pointed out to you, refraction enables you to see a little beyond the geometric horizon. "Again, is your horizon a geometric location as you keep claiming suns and boats go behind it? Or is it a refracted, purely optical position?" The viewer apparent horizon is the refracted horizon, the net result of curvature, elevation AND atmospheric refraction. Only in the absence of an atmosphere and with no variation in elevation across the Earth's surface would the horizon be due solely to curvature & viewer height. "It cannot be subject to refraction or else it is not physical" Nobody is claiming that it is. There are just FE'ers who find multiple factors difficult to grasp. It's not a paradox that we can see beyond the geometric horizon; it's taking into account ALL relevant factors, not just the geometric ones. "If the Earth was spinning and the stars were motionless, why would I assume the opposite when using such phenomena to calculate positioning?" Relative motion. You're interested in the motion of the stars relative to you; it doesn't matter whether it is the Earth, stars or both which are moving, only that there is relative motion between them. It is easier to visualise of you assume you (and thus Earth) are stationary but it is not an absolute statement, just a relative one. "If Earth was rotating, that would necessitate drift with an inertial reference frame" Measurably 15 degrees per hour. Denying it does not make it go away.
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  3894.  @kc29291  "Because you claim to be measuring a straight line to an exact, non-refracted point that represents the visual, geometric horizon" It's a line of sight from viewer to refracted horizon; it's not to the geocentric horizon, it's not a measurement. The distance to the refracted horizon can be calculated from elevation, curvature & refraction; it can be confirmed from observation of what is visible. "The fact that it changes based on angular compression and atmospheric effects proves precisely that it isn't a real location" You mean it isn't a fixed location. When you can see objects on the horizon where do you think they are if it isn't real? "It is called the GEOMETRIC HORIZON - NOT REFRACTED" As you seem unable to grasp, the geometric horizon is calculated purely from curvature & elevation while the refracted (apparent) horizon is calculated from curvature, elevation & atmospheric refraction. That you can't understand that refraction can affect how far you can see means nothing. "Too bad we don't observe 15 degrees an hour Earth-based rotation" Relative to what? Are you saying that you would expect to see the Earth rotating while you are standing on it, rotating with it? "When I said height, I was referring to "height" above sea level" And you went on to describe the view of Black Swan from the top of a hill as being 5-6ft elevation. "We only have 1 horizon, and its apparent" Only the refracted horizon is apparent to the eye since the eye detects light. "The photo in the right shows it disappearing bottom up due to simply lowering the camera (30m vs 2m viewing height)" You mean there was a change in elevation and since distance to the horizon is determined in part by the viewer's elevation the distance to the apparent horizon decreased as the elevation decreased. What do you expect to happen? "Yes it is. Again, the geometric horizon is defined as the visual and physical location where the sea meets the sky" No, "horizon" is defined as where sea meets sky; there is no specification that it is the geometric horizon rather than the refracted (apparent) horizon. "You claim to draw a straight line to use to use as your baseline to triangulate, when you ignore the fact that SEA LEVEL IS USED, NOT A TANGENT LINE" Sea-level isn't used in the calculations with a sextant; they sight on the horizon applying a correction to approximate for viewer elevation above sea-level. The drop is below the tangential line at the viewer's location. You seem to have the usual FE'er limitation of being unable to grasp multiple factors simultaneously.
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  4132.  @joshuamclean4588  "I didn’t mention the big bang" When somebody makes the statement "I would argue that it’s impossible that everything came from nothing" it is pretty certain that they are referring to the big bang. "They also agree That if something had a beginning, something had to begin it" Nothing can be proven absolutely in science since that would require observation of an infinite number of events. A scientific theory is a comprehensive explanation for a phenomenon that is well-substantiated by extensive evidence and observation. That something can't be proven absolutely does not mean it is probably incorrect or that there is no sounds basis for the theory or that people are wrong in accepting it as true when expanding knowledge. "They also agree That if something had a beginning, something had to begin it" You mean cause and effect; it doesn't require than an omnipotent entity had to be the cause or that the cause being unknown means the effect can't have occurred. "it does not scientifically explain how life came to be" Abiogenesis is a separate, unrelated matter. "what they are saying is that everything was infjnitely dense" The evidence supports a model that runs from an instant after the big bang, indicating expansion from a single point; what caused or preceded it remains hypothetical. "and exploded and after milkions of years of lava flowing down life suddenly formed" For Earth that would be about 10 billions years later, would not a direct effect of the Big Bang and life would have formed over the course of at least millions of years, not spontaneously. "Do you know how likely it is that even a single proton necessary for life could have formed?" Near certainty. "Let alone everything in just the perfect order for there to be life?" Nobody is proposing some short and tidy progression for abiogenesis. It does seem a common misconception that life must have instantly or near instantly formed by unrelated matter spontaneously coalescing into a full functioning organism; it's known as Hoyle's fallacy. "if the evidence points to a creator then why can’t you accept it?" You need to provide such evidence. Concluding there must have been such an entity because you don't see how else it have occurred is not evidence. "I have to bring that up all the time with people trying to tell me everything is random" Chaotic rather than random; it's a complexity of ordered events giving an apparently random effect. Chaos doesn't preclude order occurring. Order can arise spontaneously in a locality at the expense of increased entropy in the system as a whole. "It is not a 100% proven theory that is beyond any form of scrutiny" There is scrutiny and there is ignorance & incredulity. "I don't see how..." is not evidence or a valid argument; someone needs to demonstrate that there is an error. "It has become a religion for atheists, but they don’t want to admit it’s a religion" It's a conclusion drawn from the evidence and is open to change if contrary evidence arises. Accepting an evidence-based conclusion as a valid explanation is not religion; it's sound reasoning. That you don't know the evidence & reasoning is not a valid counter-argument. Religion usually requires a deity and is based on dogma that disregards all evidence to the contrary. "what point can the big bang be traced to?" There is no absolute co-ordinate system, only relative co-ordinates. "because they have been expanding doesnt mean they have expanded from a single jnfinitely dense point over trillions of years" If you think the model is incorrect then you need to demonstrate that. "why does the year keep changing?" Approximately 13.5 billion years ago; on those time scales you can't expect to get an exact date. "Smart people, looking at real facts, but when u leave our God there are always holes" You are assuming the existence of God is a fact. You are using that assumption as an explanation for what you don't know. You aren't providing any evidence for omnipotent entity's existence or involvement, just circular reasoning that the each proves the other. You need to demonstrate the existence of such an entity, not just assume it as a convenient explanation.
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  4150.  @tanelkagan  The burden of evidence lies on the person making the assertion, whether they are asserting there is or that there isn't a god. In science conclusive evidence has to meet the criterion of falsifiability, ie., the test has to be able to demonstrate if the assertion is false. (Since the possibility of other unknown causes always exist no test can conclusively prove an effect is due to one particular cause, just indicate that the asserted cause is probably true.) However when you are testing for the existence of an omnipotent entity, that entity can manipulate the test to make it appear negative; you can never meet the criterion of falsifiability. Even that assumes that merely constructing such a test is possible; how would you go about testing for the existence of an apparently undetectable entity? The discussion belongs in philosophy rather than science. "Because they have (or think they have) explanations for everything they can perceive, as well as for many things they cannot, they simply dismiss and say "your evidence isn't evidence at all"." Such explanations are based on verifiable fact and logical deductions; that nothing can be proved absolutely in science does not mean there is lack of sound basis or that the theory is probably wrong, simply that the possibility will always remain that there is an alternative cause. If the suggested alternative cause requires the inclusion of an undetectable omnipotent entity then Occam's Razor advocates sticking with the scientific explanation. I would note that "your evidence isn't evidence at all" is usually an accurate criticism; all the evidence put to me consisted of cherry-picking and selective interpretation requiring a predetermined conclusion, i.e., circular reasoning.
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  4160. ​ @dankennerson2080  Some would dismiss your bridge-building as part of the indoctrination; to them verification means deducing the principles by yourself, not just putting into practice what is in a textbook. Others will insist that your model's design was determined by the teacher so it apparently for what was taught. Anything but acknowledge it has been repeatedly verified. I really do mean that they believe that each one of us should personally verify every last bit of knowledge, not just what we work with. It's partly a failure to understand how much is known, partly a get out clause so they can make dismissive comments rather than support their claims. There are 1000's of papers published on PubMed weekly; I don't have the time to verify everything published, just take it with a pinch of salt and watch how a particular line of research develops. If I can incorporate something into my own work then, yes, I need to verify both that it works and that I can get it to work but I don't try verifying the whole paper. Right now, I have to prepare material to take for LC-MS/MS analysis; I have a limited knowledge of how that works but I can be reasonably sure the people in the facility know what they are doing. It isn't necessary of me to develop the knowledge & technology then design, build & operate my own but that is what some of them demand. I don't have the background to be familiar with, say, cosmology but I can be sure that other people do. I can go to arXiv and locate a stack of papers from people confirming, say, that the CMB exists. Being verified by relative experts I can take it as read that it exists, that it's not the untested postulate of one guy. They won't accept that though they are satisfied by a YT videos of people screwing up measurements on how far they can see. I realise I failed to mention that they think we don't conduct any experiments; they seem to believe we send our time looking at a blackboard and musing. I've asked repeatedly what they think we have labs for; the only answer I have ever received is someone who thought all labs were used for teaching, apaprently based on the fact that a teaching lab was the only one he had set foot in.
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  4322.  @andrewreynold1468  Tesla believed that electricity could be delivered through the air in much the same way telecommunications are; his intent was that people could have an aerial to pick up the electricity rather than a direct cable. He said nothing of it being free; incoming electricity would still have been metered simply by attaching a meter to the aerial rather than the cable. It seems a common misconception that his tower was designed to draw electricity from the atmosphere rather than transmit it; his idea of people getting electricity through the air is portrayed as the atmosphere being naturally filled with electricity that could be tapped into. Projects do (hopefully) become self-sufficient but they do that by recouping costs from the consumer. Regardless of how electricity would be delivered it would still have to be paid for. What would be of interest to a banker would be a scheme that didn't require building & maintaining a network of cables; it would be possible to sell cheaper electricity to the consumer while making the same or larger profit. Tesla was a brilliant man but he was not the demi-god portrayed by some. He was a pioneer but he did not design everything or nearly everything that we use. Edison ripped off a lot of people in that sense, his company employing innovators without intellectual or financial credit; he was principally a businessman intent on making money from electricity. Tesla did not have a head for business; JP Morgan pulled out because of runaway costs from Tesla repeatedly changing the project's aims.
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  4539. ​ @arrogantaries0034  "cgi" Do you have any technique for identifying CGI or are you yet another one who just "knows"? Do you know what CGI is? "u can show absolute proof " Motion of the sun, horizons, angle to Polaris matching latitude, two celestial poles, accurate maps; you can check all of these for yourself. The ancient Greeks deduced that the Earth was a sphere from the first three. Put a stick in the ground and the direction of the shadow can be observed to move by a constant 15 degrees/hour. With travel you can use the length of the shadow to triangulate your position relative to the sun and note that the results only fit a sphere. The sun sets below a horizon that makes it disappear from the bottom up, a phenomenon that can be observed around the world. Accurate maps enable you to get on a plane and fly directly to an airport on another continent. It is not necessary to direct view something to determine its shape. The Earth's circumference is 25,000 miles (0.0144 degrees/curvature per mile) and your eyes are 5-6 feet off the ground; you are so small compared to it that what little area you can see will appear essentially flat. Only with high enough elevation can you see far enough for curvature to be obvious. Nowhere are you going to observe the curvature associated with a 25 mile circumference because the Earth's circumference is 1000-fold larger. FE claims there are no horizons and that your sight is limited by everything disappearing into a gradual haze; you would be able to see several hundred miles from ground level (you can't) and that viewing distance would decrease with increasing altitude (it doesn't). The sun exhibits a constant size & speed through the course of the day and rises & sets on the horizon while FE'ers claim they vary and it becomes "too far away to be seen" without coming within 20 degrees of the observable horizon. That air pressure decreases with increasing altitude, something you can verify by climbing tall mountains. If the atmosphere was enclosed within a dome rather than held by gravity then there would be equal air pressure. None of them have ever produced any evidence for this dome, can't explain how meteorites pass through it or even agree whether the FE sun is inside or outside it. You can go on and on with FE'ers failing to provide any material evidence. They can't even put together the crudest of map using known distances between places. Meanwhile you can travel the world with accurate maps verifying the shape for yourself.
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  4855. ​ @alexanderka1956  "right outright declined that information as legit" Quite rightly so. The documents in questions refer to some experimental aircraft design where, to keep the maths solely focussed on the airflow over the wings, they assumed various factors to be zero, e.g., no flexibility in the airframe, no weight loss as fuel is burned off, no atmospheric turbulence and no curvature. No secret admission that the Earth is really flat, just some people unwilling to read a whole sentence and seizing upon isolated words. Nothing untrustworthy, just some simplified maths. "that doesn't prove they are right, but on the contrary it proves that they are not sure" It means that science is open to new information; while what we currently accept is well-founded, nothing can be proven absolutely. Don;t confuse lack of absolute proof with ignorance. "science is for the most part theory and assumptions which either are or aren't supported by evidence" What do you think we do in labs? "NASA claiming that they somehow don't have the technology anymore" The Apollo craft and Saturn V's were single use and have been used; they can be reused. All the one's built were used; there are none sitting in storage waiting to be used. The technology is 50 years old and is largely incompatible with today's. WHile NASA retains the blueprints & notes of those that assembled them, the manufacturing techniques are 50 years old. Much of the original components were designed & manufactured on contract; those companies have not had reason to hang onto 50 year old records & technology. Even if new Apollo craft & Saturn V were built with retro-engineering they wouldn't meet today's requirements; a moon base ifs not going to be built by two men in a few hours with a very limited cargo load. It is irrelevant that they were the pinnacle of space travel in 1971; this is 2021, the technology is dated and they wouldn't fulfill the functions of the desired missions. Is that clear?
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  4989. ​ @robertnixon6548  The people with the hands-on experience are retired or dead. Though the blueprints exist there were many ad hoc changes made during the assembly process; you would need to search through accumulated handwritten notes too. While the the assembly was done at NASA facilities the components were made by outside contractors; they have had no reason to preserve the workshops they used and the paperwork will have been trashed over the course of time. Manufacturing processes have become more automated, the materials have changed and (like NASA) the people with the hands-on knowledge are retired or dead. Even if you could manage to resurrect all the manufacturing & assembly required you would be left with an antiquated craft built from (now) substandard materials, possessing no electronic equipment to speak of and the capability limited to transporting only 3 people for only 2 weeks, once and once only. Existing spacecraft are built from modern materials, electronic throughout and reusable; resurrecting Apollo simply because they could leave orbit ignores what is required in today's spacecraft. It's more akin to recreating a Model T Ford than a bow (bows are at least still made). You'd have to start from what records exist, rebuild hand assembly plants, lay your hands on antiquated material and at the end of the day you would have a car that didn't meet basic requirements. It would be far more practical to use the accumulated knowledge (moving assembly lines, physics & engineering behind combustion engines, what details are essential in the design) to build an entirely new car. I don't know what you are referring to by "spacestation x". The ISS is a spacestation and has been in orbit for 20 years. SpaceX is one of the companies building & developing spacecraft; their Dragon craft have been running cargo trips to the ISS and recently carried astronauts too. I can't see any particular military advantage to a lunar colony; missiles launched from there would take a week to get to Earth and could be readily intercepted. While the Enterprise's phasers may be accurate at that range, a moon-based laser would be too diffuse by the time it reached Earth. I don't find space travel & a potential lunar colony a waste; I noted the impracticality of using Apollo craft to build such a colony, essentially spending a billion dollars to put two men on the moon to carry out a few hours work.
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  5262.  @jagritz2  " i’m challenging your thinking" Hardly. The process is abiogenesis, not evolution, and is also an incremental process, not an instantaneous one. It requires a molecule capable of self-replicating, mostly likely a combination of RNA & oligopeptide, which itself would arise from random chemicals across a whole planet in the course of a billion years. In combination with the early lipids and tidal pools it would lead to a cyclical occurrence of tide receding and the underlying self-recombining molecule being able to retain necessary reagents as the pool shrank with the low tide. Incremental changes over time would lead to a sealed "cell" with with modified RNA & oligoprotein enhancing the replication process. Ultimately a shift from purely RNA to the incorporation of DNA in the replication created greater stability and the development of the lipids capable of forming a double layer would create the early primordial cell. No divine intervention required, just time. You're never going to repeat that whole in the lab without a billion years to spare. However the individual steps can be deduced, the properties of the necessary structures determined and the likely transitions demonstrated to be plausible. "i already know how they did" Believing something and knowing something are two quite different things. You can be as sure as you like with your beliefs but it won't turn a belief into evidence. If you think it is demonstrable then summon up a god to create something from nothing.
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  5344. 1a: Explain why you think 1970 technology, materials, computers etc are compatible with those of 2020. 1b: Explain why you think the Mars Rovers would require human life support. 2a. Because the stars are distant, generally in the 10-1000 light years away, and moving in the same direction as the sun. 2b. Explain why you think 10,000 years worth of change would be apparent from day to day. 3. Explain why parallel train tracks shouldn't appear to diverge as they approach you. 4a. For the stated purpose of avoiding military competition in an inhospitable climate. 4b. It's readily downloadable. Specify which clause supposedly forbids travel to Antarctica. 5a. By dividing circumference by time as anybody can do. 5b. Explain where you think arithmetic should change with time. 6. It isn't and they don't. 7a. Explain how you think a prominent white grid on said screen would not interfere with it being a blue screen. 7b. If you it wouldn't, then explain why studios all use blue-only screens. 8a. Blue Marble (1972) and Earthrise were taken in single frame shots on an analogue camera. 8b. Himawari-8, Elektro-L and EPIC collectively produce multiple full hemisphere shots per hour. Explain why you think they would need to use a wide angle shots from their orbital distances. 9. How much curvature would you expect to see from a globe on the inside camera at that altitude and why? 10. The atmosphere alters the light as it enters it; it's how we get a blue sky during the day time. 11a. Provide an example of such editing. 11b. Explain why you you think video compression errors wouldn't occur. 12. Free-fall, lasting about 30 sec. Explain how you think it is possible to shoot a 30min video in 30 sec. 13a. The rocket slowed and stopped when the engines shut off as programmed. 13b. Explain why you think a camera impacting a dome at a few hundred miles an hour wouldn't even be jarred. 14a. It's the International Space Station, not National. That is why it is referred to as the ISS, not the NSS. 14b. Explain where you saw a can of tuna on the ISS. These are the obvious questions that FE'es are never able to answer. Prove me wrong.
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