Comments by "Gort" (@gort8203) on "Not A Pound For Air To Ground"
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@RCAvhstape The F-111 was never intended to be "an actual fighter plane". It was intended to be a bomber and a fleet defense aircraft.
The lessons of the TFX program are commonly misinterpreted, but if you repeat a narrative for decades it becomes "truth". The idea that one basic airframe could fulfill two different roles was not a dumb idea at all. History is full of examples of aircraft that were versatile enough to fly for different services and even perform different missions. The original requirements presented by the Navy and USAF were not incompatible, but the requirements later changed.
When the TFX program began the USAF and USN were both asking for a large aircraft that could lift a heavy load of fuel and weapons, with long range or long loiter, plus high-speed dash or intercept. To achieve this twin engines and an innovative variable geometry wing were called for, and DOD logically assessed that it would be wasteful to develop two very expensive advanced airframes when a single one with some variations could do both jobs.
The reason one basic airframe could do both jobs was because original USN specification was for a fleet defense fighter, not an air superiority fighter. It was not originally intended to be what later became the F-14, but to perform the role meant for the Douglas F6D Missileer, with the addition of supersonic dash capability. It was not intended to be a dogfighter.
The biggest difference between the airframe requirements of the two services was that the USAF wanted a tandem cockpit and the USN wanted side-by-side seating. Boeing tried to make both services happy and made two different configurations, but MacNamara’s DOD wanted more commonality and thought USAF could suck it up and have the crew sit side by side. This is ironic considering that when the Navy cancelled its version USAF was stuck with the cockpit it didn’t want, which also ironically contributed to the airplane being too ungainly to be a dogfighter. If the Navy had wanted a dogfighter it would not have insisted on the side-by-side cockpit over the objections of the Air Force. The F-111 cockpit was suitable for a radar interceptor, but not for an air superiority fighter.
The original idea wasn’t dumb -- what happened was that needs changed. USN revised its requirements for its next fighter as result of combat experience in Vietnam, and they realized that the missileer was too limited a role. The also needed an air superiority fighter to replace the F-8 and F-4, but couldn’t afford that in addition to a dedicated fleet defense aircraft. Thus, the TFX would now have to be able to dogfight as well as be a missile interceptor. The F-111B could have worked as a missileer, but it was too fat and underpowered to compete as an air superiority fighter. It was proper of the Navy to recognize that its needs had evolved. This was perhaps the beginning of the Navy realizing that budgets and hangar decks did not have room for so many specialized aircraft. USAF desperately needed the F-111 to replace the F-105, so they sucked it up and accepted the overweight airframe caused by the loveseat cockpit they never wanted.
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@IgnoredAdviceProductions
“Now I know what the reasoning for side by side seating is, but considering no fighter has ever had that seating arrangement, it's a pretty flimsy excuse.”
Of course real fighters don't have side-by-side seating, that was my point. But you are missing the important point that the F-111B was not a fighter; it was a fleet defense radar interceptor which was a follow-on to the cancelled Douglas F6D Missileer. That airplane also had side-by-side seating for the pilot and RIO. It was cancelled because it was too slow, after it had been decided that the role would require a higher performance jet. I would not have chosen side-by-side seating, but for this narrow role it is not completely illogical.
“I blame McNamara for the vark mess because there WAS a design that both the Air Force and Navy were happy with, the Boeing model 818. The source selection board approved it 6, Six with a capital S, times and he overrode them every time, fired everyone, and decided to just go with the General Dynamics/Grumman design instead because "he said so," completely ignoring the experts telling him over and over, "no, this is going to be a complete disaster, stop it" all because he wanted to chase his stupid "commonality."
I already said I essentially agree with this, so you are repeating yourself. You can hate McNamara all you want for various reasons, but I’m limiting my discussion to the technical merits of the TFX program. I say the essential objective of commonality was valid, but he pushed it to a disruptive extreme. He had to assert his authority and make his mark. The program could have succeeded if he'd listened better, but he believed he was always the smartest person in the room.
In this particular case, the idea that one basic airframe could fulfill two different roles was not a dumb idea. History is full of aircraft that were versatile enough to fly for different services and even perform different missions. The original requirements presented by the Navy and USAF were not aerodynamically or structurally incompatible. The reason one basic airframe could do both jobs was because the original USN specification was for a heavy fleet defense fighter, not an air superiority fighter. It was not originally intended to be what later became the F-14, but to perform the role meant for the Douglas F6D Missileer, with the addition of supersonic dash capability. It was not intended to be a dogfighter.
Both services were asking for a large aircraft that could lift a heavy load of fuel and weapons, with long range or long loiter, plus high-speed dash for penetration or intercept. To achieve this a large airplane with twin engines and an innovative variable geometry wing were called for. Given rising budget pressures and development costs, DOD logically assessed that it would be wasteful to develop two very expensive advanced airframes when a single airframe with some variations could do both these jobs. Ultimately, the Navy changed the job requirements for F-111B after it had been designed, which is why it was canceled.
Don’t get us started dissecting the F-35 or we will really be off in the weeds.
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