Comments by "Neil Forbes" (@neilforbes416) on "Technology Connections"
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Emile Berliner established the Deutsche Grammophon Gesellshaft(German Gramophone Company) around the mid-to-late 1870s. His initial trademark on single-sided discs was the Aufnahmende Engerl(Recording Angel) embossed on the unrecorded side of the disc. Within a decade he'd travelled to England where he established a British division called The Gramophone Company Of England Ltd. and it was through the British division that Berliner first acquired the painting that was to provide the new trademark, it was of a Jack Russell Terrier listening to "his master's voice" on, initially a cylinder-based phonograph, but on request, the artist painted over the cylinder machine with a disc-playing gramophone, thus the trademark "His Master's Voice" was born. Ownership of the trademark would be held by Berliner but control of the trademark, and licencing its use would be vested in the British division of Berliner's empire. In the 1890s, Berliner travelled to the USA and set up the Victor Talking Machine Company in Camden, New Jersey. The new entity would licence the trademark from the British division. This arrangement lasted until the outbreak of WW1. After that war, Berliner lost control of his British and US companies. The Gramophone Company of England assumed TOTAL ownership and control of "Nipper" as the dog was named in the trademark, and Berliner's DGG had to licence the trademark it once owned, a bitter pill to swallow. DGG could only use the HMV trademark in Germany under the translation: "Die Stimme Seines Herrens", for export, they had to create a new brand, Polydor. In the meantime, Victor in the USA was using the HMV trademark, licencing same from The Gramophone Co. in England. Until 1929 when some reps from RCA came sniffing around the Victor plant, looking for somewhere bigger than what they had, so they could build more radios. RCA started as a division of General Electric but soon took on autonomy after getting hold of the Victor plant and brand-name, but that's all they should've got, no more. The HMV trademark licencing should've ended the minute the ink was dry on the deed of sale of the Victor plant and name to RCA and the Dog & Gramophone should not have been seen in America or Canada again until 1955. WW2 came and went, just prior to that war, The Gramophone Company had merged with Columbia Graphophone Company(a surviving remnant of a failed US venture) to form Electric & Musical Industries Ltd.[EMI], the year was 1938. The merger also brought the Parlophone brand into the mix as Columbia had gained this former Dutch-owned trademark as war booty from WW1. After the 2nd war, EMI expanded into Europe, its new German division, Electrola GmbH taking over control of the HMV trademark, leaving DGG having to use Polydor now for domestic as ell as export markets. Berliner himself was spared the ignominy of seeing all this as he was in his grave by then. Siemens bought out DGG. In America a new label, Capitol was launched just after the war, the new entity struggling to find its feet. A decade on and Capitol would become the infant member of the expanding EMI group. Infant, because EMI bought an established label rather than EMI setting the company up from scratch. EMI owned almost 95% of Capitol, the remaining 5-and-a-bit% held by Capitol's founder. It's here that EMI should've brought in the HMV brand, reappearing in the USA to carry the EMI British roster into the American market, particularly in the 1960s: The Beatles, Cliff Richard & The Shadows, Herman's Hermits, Manfred Mann, Billy J. Kramer & The Dakotas etc., drawn from EMI's HMV, Columbia and Parlophone labels, all together on HMV in the USA instead of scattered around the non-EMI labels like they were.
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D - A - C: Acronym! Not "DACK": Word! Acronyms ARE NOT WORDS and should not be spoken as words. Acronyms are individual letters that represent the initials of corporations, institutions or authorities, alternatively they represent names of scientific, technical or natural phenomena or devices. *Zum beispiel: EMI stands for Electric & Musical Industries, the British-based multinational music giant that owns the Dog & Gramophone trademark, His Master's Voice among its other trademarks(Capitol being one of the lesser trademarks). Under the HMV brand, EMI manufactured a wide range of consumer electronic products like TV sets(colour and monochrome), stereo and mono record players or radio/grams and, surprisingly, whitegoods, like chest freezers and suchlike. EMI also stands for Electro-Magnetic Interference, the noise you hear when listening to AM radio(FM is susceptible but not as much) during an electric storm(lightning strikes) or when someone operates an electric motored hand-tool(saw, drill, etc.) nearby. These represent the ONLY two uses of an acronym. EMI can only be used once for the corporate identity and once for the natural phenomenon just described, its uses are thus exhausted and cannot be used again for either purpose. By the way, *Zum beispiel, is German and means "For example"!
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Rainer67059: Your second paragraph brings up the point I was trying to make. I'm fully aware of discs with no region-encoding, And should that I were to copy a disc(to make a back-up), the region-encoding would not transfer to the copy. If I'm transferring what I've shot and uploaded to YouTube, onto DVD, there'd be no region-encoding as the software being used does not provide such a feature. However, the movie studios(other than those making pornography) wanted the feature to restrict the marketing of their product to selected countries. With videotape this restriction was imposed by the colour system being used, PAL through Britain, Irish Republic, most of Europe(except for those countries stupid enough to choose the utterly abominable SECAM system), parts of Asia, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand, NTSC in the USA, Canada, Mexico and a modified NTSC in Japan and other parts of Asia. In many VHS or Beta VCRs, where a choice of colour system had been provided, it was only ever PAL or NTSC. SECAM was, thankfully, NEVER included.
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15:52 I've said this before and I'll say it again. RCA had, and has no business using the "Dog & Gramophone" symbol of EMI's His Master's Voice. Prior to RCA buying out the Victor Talking Machine Company, Victor was using the HMV trademark UNDER LICENCE! Victor OWNED NO PART WHATSOEVER of the trademark. When RCA bought Victor in 1929, The Gramophone Company of England(9 years before merging with Columbia Graphophone Co. Ltd.) to form EMI should've revoked Victor's licence on the trademark so as to PREVENT Radio Corp. of America from getting their clammy hands on it. Thus with HMV secured with its rightful owners, when in 1955 EMI bought the lion's share of Capitol, they could then reintroduce the His Master's Voice trademark into the USA and Canada, along with the Parlophone and Regal/Regal Zonophone trademarks to ensure that EMI's roster of talent(Beatles, Gerry & The Pacemakers, Lulu, Herman's Hermits, The Hollies, Adam Faith and many other top BRITISH acts) wouldn't get farmed out to lesser labels.
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You tuned in to a STATION, not a channel! On a typical Australian colour TV set of the mid-1970s, you had a rotary tuner with thirteen channels(some sets had a UHF tuner that was activated by either a 14th position on the VHF tuner, or one of the unused channels swapped out with the "biscuit" that activated the UHF tuner, or, you pressed a button that selected between the tuners. Some sets only had VHF). Depending on whether you were in a capital city or a regional centre, you'd have a choice of two or four statons. In NSW for instance, if you were in Sydney you'd get the following: Ch.0 - hash; Ch.1 - hash; Ch.2 - Station ABN(ABC TV Sydney key station); Ch.3 - weak signal from Station NBN-Newcastle*; Ch.4 -slightly stronger signal from Station WIN-Wollongong*; Ch.5 - Weak signal from Station ABHN-Newcastle(ABC regional staton)*; Ch.5a - hash; Ch.6 - weak signal from translator for Station WIN-Wollongong*; Ch.7 - Station ATN-Sydney; Ch.8 - hash; Ch.9 - Station TCN-Sydney; Ch.10 - Station TEN(which should've been UTN)-Sydney; Ch.11 - hash(or weak signal from another of WIN's translators*). *Depended on where you were in the Sydney "basin", how good your antenna was and prevailing weather conditions. The point I'm making is, that a channel without a station to broadcast a signal thereon, is worthless.
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7:41 Here again you make the same mistake of assuming one audio channel is derived from vertical movement while the other channel is derived from horizontal movement. The method in transcribing stereophonic audio into the groove of a record was invented by Mr. Alan D. Blumlein, a technician working for the then-infant BRITISH organisation, EMI(The Gramophone Co.) Ltd., Hayes, Middlesex England which, by the way is the SOLE owner of the Dog & Gramophone "His Master's Voice" trademark, having inherited it as part of the merger of The Gramophone Co. and Columbia Graphophone Co.. RCA had ABSOLUTELY NO BUSINESS using the trademark as when RCA bought out Victor in 1929, Victor was no more than a mere licensee with absolutely NO OWNERSHIP, OR EVEN MINORITY SHARE in the HMV trademark, so they had zero right to sell the trademark to RCA and, as a consequence, had VIOLATED THEIR LICENCE to use the trademark.
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