Youtube comments of Historia, Magistra Vitae (@Historia.Magistra.Vitae.).
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@timberdoodle6924 "he made it very clear - cooperation within the the state / private entity was the rule."
No, they were not and he has never said such a thing. On the contrary, he said in his speeches:
“The State exists for all the people, but is also above the people, and, if necessary, against the people. . . . It is against them whenever they attempt to place their particular interests above the general interests of the Nation ... It is the purpose of Fascism to unify the Nation through the sovereign State, the State which is above all and can be against all, because it represents the moral continuity of the Nation. Without State there is no Nation.”
and what they said in their 'Doctrine of Fascism':
"Anti-individualistic, the Fascist conception of life stresses the importance of the State and accepts the individual only in so far as his interests coincide with those of the State, which stands for the conscience and the universal, will of man as a historic entity. It is opposed to classical liberalism which arose as a reaction to absolutism and exhausted its historical function when the State became the expression of the conscience and will of the people. Liberalism denied the State in the name of the individual; Fascism reasserts The rights of the State as expressing the real essence of the individual. And if liberty is to he the attribute of living men and not of abstract dummies invented by individualistic liberalism, then Fascism stands for liberty, and for the only liberty worth having, the liberty of the State and of the individual within the State. The Fascist conception of the State is all embracing; outside of it no human or spiritual values can exist, much less have value. Thus understood, Fascism, is totalitarian, and the Fascist State - a synthesis and a unit inclusive of all values - interprets, develops, and potentates the whole life of a people."
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@jooosAREevil : Actually that is not the definition of Fascism though, as it had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind. In fact, Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@leeanderson5955 : Where does it show that I'm wrong exactly? Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State. So sure, it was "cooperation within the the state" as you said, however that only happened between different classes or as they put it, syndicates. Maybe I read your comment wrong, but yes, it was class collaboration enforced by the State.
Which is why the original claim "merger of state and corporate interests" is false, and it was never said by the Fascist in the first place. State didn't merge, it was the classes that merged.
They called National Syndicalism as Corporatism; it was a system where sectors of the economy were divided into syndicates (which were nationalized Unions that then elected their own members into government as well as democratically run their workspaces. Each profession and field had their own Syndicate, which in turn, operated symbiotically with its composed members), whose activities and interactions were managed and coordinated by the government. The idea was to let the state control and direct the economy from the top-down without itself owning the means of production.
Fun fact, there was a movement in France which advocated this before Fascism integrated it into their ideology, called "Yellow socialism". Also the Fascists were heavily inspired by a French revolutionary syndicalist, Georges Sorel. In fact, Mussolini himself said: "I owe most to Georges Sorel. This master of syndicalism by his rough theories of revolutionary tactics has contributed most to form the discipline, energy and power of the fascist cohorts."
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@Individual_Lives_Matter In fasci sm, corporatism meant trade unions, not business corporations like Microsoft. Fasc ism was an outgrowth of Sore llian Syndic alism, which itself was an outgrowth from Mar xist soc ialism. The idea was that society would be conso lidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose wasn't the promotion of private interest, but the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Muss olini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
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@JaxesGame "I don't think Webster's Dictionary lied to me "
It did. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@BolshevikCarpetbagger1917 : Fa s ci sm and Mus sol ini were stric tly aga inst ca pitali sm. They we re on the side of the pro leta riat, fig hting aga inst the bour geoi sie.
"Tod ay we can affi rm that the cap italis tic meth od of production is out of date. So is the doctrine of lais s ez-faire, the the oreti cal ba sis of ca pitali sm… Tod ay we are tak ing a new and dec sive step in the pa th of rev olutio n. A rev olu tion, in ord er to be gre at, must be a so cial rev oluti on.“
— Ben ito Muss olini, Spe ech on Nov ember 14, 1933 as quo ted in Und er the A xe of Fa scis m, Gae tano Salv emini, Lond on, UK, Vict or Gollan cz Ltd. (1936) p. 131 1930s
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Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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Wrong. Fascism had nothing to do capitalism of any kind whatsoever. On the contrary, it was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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Your professor was wrong. Fascism had no markets, as they had a socialist Command economy. They explicitly were against any kind of a Market based economic system and economic liberalism in general. These are just few examples from their own "Doctrine of Fascism";
"Fascism is definitely and absolutely opposed to the doctrines of liberalism, both in the political and the economic sphere."
"If liberalism spells individualism, Fascism spells State. The Fascist State is, however, a unique and original creation. It is not reactionary but revolutionary, in that it anticipates the solution of certain universal problems which have been raised elsewhere; in the political field by the splitting up of parties, the usurpation of power by parliaments, the irresponsibility of assemblies; in the economic field by the increasingly numerous and important functions discharged by trade unions and trade associations with their disputes and ententes, affecting both capital and labour; in the ethical field by the need felt for order, discipline, obedience to the moral dictates of the fatherland."
"Fascism desires the State to be strong and organic, based on broad foundations of popular support. The Fascist State lays claim to rule in the economic field no less than in others; it makes its action felt throughout the length and breadth of the country by means of its corporative, social, and educational institutions, and all the political, economic, and spiritual forces of the nation, organized in their respective associations, circulate within the State."
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@incorporeal1138 "Oh I get it, you're a fascist. "
Nope. I'm the epitome of an Anti-Fascist. You need to cope harder than that, and while you are coping, go read some basics WW2 era history regarding this subject. I highly suggest starting from these, so that you would at least know the basics and would stop conflating Fascism with National Socialism.
Fascism;
- "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
- "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
- "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
- "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
- "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
- "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
- "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
National Socialism;
- "Mein Kampf" by Hitler
- "Hitler's National Socialism" by Rainer Zitelmann
- "the Vampire Economy" by Günter Reimann
- "Omnipotent Government: The Rise of the Total State and Total War" by Ludwig Von Mises
- "Hitler's True Believers" by Robert Gellately
- "The Cause of Hitler's Germany" by Leonard Peikoff
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@arnar9478 "How do they differ mainly? I know Germany emphasized biological rac e more than the Italians, other than that they're quite similar."
Correct. National sociali sm was rac ial socia lism, based on "arya nism" and Hit ler's own ideas. They believed in the sociali zation of the German people into a harmonious rac ial community free from (jewi sh) exploitation.
Meanwhile fasc ism had no racial motive, and was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndic alism, which itself was an outgrowth from Ma rxist socia lism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose wasn't the promotion of private interest, but the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
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"Fascism is a far-right, "
Wrong. Fascism had nothing to do with right wing of any kind whatsoever. On the contrary, it was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@badluck5647 "That isn't socialism because the government didn't own or run the factory. "
They did run the factories, the DAF specifically, who had their officers in manager position for the very reason, that the production was done how the NSDAP told it to be. The idea was to let the state control and direct the economy from the top-down without itself owning the means of production. As Hitler himself said:
"A strong State will see that production is carried on in the national interests, and, if these interests are contravened, can proceed to expropriate the enterprise concerned and take over its administration. "
- Hitler and I, quotes from unspecified earlier dates per Otto Strasser, Boston, MA, Houghton Mifflin Company (1940)
"Germany's economic policy is conducted exclusively in accordance with the interests of the German people. In this respect I am a fanatical socialist, one who has ever in mind the interests of all his people."
- Speech on the 21st Anniversary of the National Socialist Party (24 February 1941)
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The embargo does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The embargo did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The embargo is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;"
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@faketheo3432 "The state’s role in fascist economies was more about maintaining the existing class structure and avoiding class conflict, rather than achieving economic equality."
Wrong. The State's role in the economy was neatly explained in "the Philosophy of Fascism" by Mario Palmieri (1936);
"Fascism, which is the very antithesis of Individualism, stands as the nemesis of all economic doctrines and all economic practice of both the capitalistic and the communistic systems. Fascism holds that:
01. The economic life of man cannot be abstracted and separated from the whole of his spiritual life. In the words of Mussolini: “The economic man does not exist. Man is integral; he is political, economic, religious, saint and warrior at the same time.”
02. The economic life of man is influenced, if not actually determined, by idealistic factors.
03. True economic progress can derive only from the concerted effort of individuals who know how to sacrifice their personal egoism and ambitions for the good of the whole.
04. Economic initiatives cannot be left to the arbitrary decisions of private, individual interests.
05. Open competition, if not wisely directed and restricted, actually destroys wealth instead of creating it.
06. The wealth of a community is something intangible which cannot be identified with the sum of riches of single individuals.
07. The proper function of the State in the Fascist system is that of supervising, regulating and arbitrating the relationships of capital and labor, employers and employees, individuals and associations, private interests and national interests.
08. Class war is avoidable and must be avoided. Class war is deleterious to the orderly and fruitful life of the nation therefore it has no place in the Fascist State.
09. More important than the production of wealth is its right distribution, distribution which must benefit in the best possible way all the classes of the nation, hence, the nation itself.
10. Private wealth belongs not only to the individual, but in a symbolic sense, to the State as well.
These fundamental tenets of Fascist economy derive in turn from those basic conceptions of the Fascist doctrine of the State which we have expounded in the chapter of the “Fascist State.” We have said there, in fact, that the Fascist State is a Sovereign State. This means that there cannot be any single economic interests which are above the general economic interests of the State, no individual, economic initiatives which do not fall under the supervision and regulation of the State, no relationships of the various classes of the nations which are not the concern of the State ... We see thus the Fascist State resolutely enter the economic field to dictate what shall be from now on the relationship between the capital and labor, employer and employees, landowner and farmhand, industrialist and worker."
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@darkhat11 "The Italian pro-war syndicalists prioritized maximizing national production to prepare the nation for war and rejected the tenants of socialism:"
They never rejected socialism. Mussolini was one of the first to comingle the phrase fascism with syndicalism, remarking in the early 1920s that “Fascist syndicalism is national and productivistic… in a national society in which labor becomes a joy, an object of pride and a title to nobility.” Most Italian syndicalists viewed social revolution as a means for rapid transformation to provide “superior productivity,” and if this economic abundance failed to occur, there could be no meaningful social change.The emphasis by syndicalists towards the importance of “producerism” had been originally initiated by Sorel in 1907, who argued that “Marx considers that a revolution by a proletariat of producers who [have] acquired economic capacity.” When Carlo Cafiero developed a compendium for the initial volume of Capital in Italian, Marx reminded his colleague that “material conditions necessary for the emancipation of the proletariat” must be “spontaneously generated by the development of capitalism (den Gang der kapitalistischen Produktion).”
The support for the theory of producerism expanded among Fascist syndicalists after the conclusion of the Russian Civil War and transition from war communism showed high unemployment and an environment where “most of the mills and factories were at a standstill; mines and collieries were wrecked and flooded.”
After the introduction of the New Economic Policy (NEP), Italian syndicalists continued to move further away from orthodox Marxism, determined to revise it to fit the changing times and to embolden its strategic goals. They argued that the Russian Bolsheviks had failed to adhere to Engels’ 1850 admonition about the dangers of trying to establish a social revolution within an economically backwards environment. This drift had emerged years before the economic malaise of Soviet Russia, prompting most Italian syndicalists to transcend the errors and drawbacks that “they believed they found in orthodox Marxism.”Developed to bring about worker control of the means of production by direct action, the intellectuals of syndicalism came to the realization that Italy's primitive economy could facilitate neither equality nor abundance for society. Without a mature industry developed by the bourgeois, they came to understand that a successful social revolution required the support of “classless” revolutionaries.Mussolini, along with Italian syndicalists, Nationalists and Futurists, contended that those revolutionaries would be Fascists, not Marxists or some other ideology. According to Mussolini and other syndicalist theoreticians, Fascism would be “the socialism of ‘proletarian nations.’”
Fascist syndicalists also became preoccupied with the idea of increasing production instead of simply establishing a redistributive economic structure. Sergio Panunzio, a major theoretician of Italian Fascism and syndicalism, believed that Syndicalists were producerists, rather than distributionists. In his criticism of the Bolsheviks’ handling of their economy, Panunzio also asserted that Russian Soviet state had become a “dictatorship over the proletariat, and not of the proletariat.”
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@TheSwitchFrog "I'm sorry, but suggesting that fa sci sm not only allows the possibility of so cialis m at all, but formally adopts it as its mode of production may be one of the most insane political takes I've read "
Have you heard about a thing called national synd icalis m? That was how fa sci sm worked. You see f ascis m was a political ideology and philosophy which rejected individualism, cap italism, liberalism/demo cracy, and m arxi sm, in which the means of production was organized by national wor ker sy ndic als (i.e. tra de uni ons), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idea lism. According to the philosopher behind the fa sci st ideology, Giov anni Gentile:
"It is necessary to distinguish between so cialis m and so cialis m—in fact, between idea and idea of the same s ocia list conception, in order to distinguish among them those that are inimical to Fa scis m. It is well known that So rellia n syndi calis m, out of which the thought and the political method of Fa scis m emerged—conceived itself the genuine interpretation of M arx ist co mmuni sm. The dynamic conception of history, in which force as viol ence functions as an essential, is of unquestioned Ma rxi st origin. Those notions flowed into other currents of contemporary thought, that have themselves, via alternative routes, arrived at a vindication of the form of Sta te—implacable, but absolutely rational—that finds historic nec essity in the very spir itual dynamism through which it re alizes itself.“
— Giov anni Ge ntile, Che cosa è il fa scis mo: Discorsi e polemiche (“What is Fas cism ?”), Florence: Vallec chi, (1925) pp. 42-45, 47-48, 49-51, 56,Origins and Doctrine of Fas cism, A. James Gregor, translator and editor, Transaction Publishers, 2003, p. 59
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@jocelyncooper1738 "Fascism is inherently far right"
Wrong. Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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Wrong. Denying "class warfare" only makes you a non-Marxist. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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Step nine: Just like Christians surrender themselves to the teachings of Jesus, you must surrender your body, mind and soul to the supreme being known as the State. After all, outside of it nothing human or spiritual can exist, much less have value.
"Anti-individualistic, the Fascist conception is for the State; and it is for the individual only in so far as he coincides with the State, which is the conscience and universal will of man in his historical existence. It is opposed to classical liberalism, which arose as a reaction to absolutism and exhausted its historical function when the State was transformed into the conscience and will of the people. Liberalism denied the State in the interest of the particular individual; Fascism reasserts the State as the true reality of the individual. And if liberty is to be the attribute of real men, and not of abstract puppets invented by individualistic liberalism, then Fascism is for liberty, and for the only liberty which can be real, the liberty of the State and of the individual within the State. Therefore, for the Fascist, everything is in the State, and outside of it nothing human or spiritual can exist, much less have value. In this sense Fascism is totalitarian, and the Fascist State—the synthesis and unity of all values—interprets, develops, and potentiates the whole life of the people."
- the Doctrine of Fascism
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Reminder that Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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Fascism most certainly was Far-Left, politically and economically. It was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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Wrong. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@alexbattaglia8297 : I never said socialism is totalitarian, I meant that the fascist made it totalitarian. They certainly are not the opposite.
You are confusing corporations (corporatocracy) and corporatism. Fascist Italy was built around corpoRATISM, or more specifically, syndicalism. Both Italian Fascism and German National Socialism were closely related to and supportive of trade unionism. Historically, both French and Italian fascism emerged out of a major trade union movement known as “revolutionary syndicalism”. In the case of trade unions, Lenin, Adolf and Mussolini did not just outlaw labor unions under their regime; they nationalized them as would any good socialist.
Fascism claimed to oppose liberal capitalism, but also international socialism, hence the concept of a “third way,” their centralized economic policies obeyed collectivist and socialist principles, openly opposing capitalism and the free market, favoring nationalism and autarchy.
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Wrong. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@Druller-y9p "even the original fascists actually had a hard time describing what it was. "
Actually they didn't. Funnily enough, Mussolini himself says the exact opposite in many of his speeches. Also Fascist theoreticians such as Alceste De Ambris & Filippo Tommaso Marinetti in the beginning, then later Sergio Panunzio, Alfredo Rocco, Edmondo Rossoni, Mario Palmieri and Giovanni Gentile, wrote extensively about Fascism.
"There is no other movement, be it spiritual or political, which has a more stable and determined doctrine than the doctrine of Fascism,” — “We have some truths and some well-defined realities before us and they are: the State, which must be above everything and everybody; the Government, which must know how to defend itself and how to defend the nation from all the attacks tending to disrupt the nation life; the collaboration of various classes, the respect of religion, the exaltation of all the national energies. The doctrine of Fascism is a doctrine of Life and not a doctrine of death..."
— Mussolini, on March 24, 1924
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@RIPKabosu2000 "It's hilarious that in this comment section there are people saying fascism was actually socialist and the socialists were actually fascist. "
Nothing hilarious about it. By definition it was a form of socialism and even according to its founders. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@pqunit "Because they fundamentally believed in private ownership of the means of production."
Wrong. They didn't. Not only did they abolish private property rights via Reichstag fire degree during 1933, where the article 153 of the Weimar Constitution guaranteed private property, with expropriation only to occur within the due process of the law... but also Hit ler states in his table talks on September 3, 1942, that land was “national property, and in the end only given to the individual as a loan.” Hi tler only recognized private property insofar as it is used according to the principle “common benefit ahead of private benefit,” which means that if it is necessary in the common interest, the state has the right at all times to decide the way, the extent to which, and when private property is used, and the common interest is, of course, defined by the state.
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@mellowvibe8712 Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
There is no Fascism in the US nor anywhere in the world currently whatsoever.
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The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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"Fascism is right wing"
Wrong. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@rickfry6031 : First we should actually define what Fascism means; it was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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Wrong. Fascism had nothing to do with right wing of any kind whatsoever. On the contrary, it was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@BassOutbreak "Name vs. Practice: The term "National Socialist" was partly chosen for its appeal to the working class and to counter the influence of the left-wing parties. "
It had nothing to do with appeal. They chose the name because it represented what they were advocating for, that is, socialism on a national level instead of international.
"The first three principles were clear, and they are inseparable from each other. Socialism as the final concept of duty, the ethical duty of work, not just for oneself but also for one’s fellow man’s sake, and above all the principle: Common good before own good, a struggle against all parasitism and especially against easy and unearned income. And we were aware that in this fight we can rely on no one but our own people. We are convinced that socialism in the right sense will only be possible in nations and races that are Aryan, and there in the first place we hope for our own people and are convinced that socialism is inseparable from nationalism. (Loud applause)
To be nationalist does not mean for us to belong to one party or another, but to show with every action that one benefits the people; it means love for all the people without exception.From this point of view we will realize that it is necessary to preserve the most precious thing a people has, the sum of all active creative powers of its workers, to keep it healthy in body and soul.(Cheers) And this view of nationalism compels us to immediately form a front against its opposite, the Semitic conception of the idea of people (Volk), and especially against the Semitic concept of work. Since we are socialists, we must necessarily also be antisemites because we want to fight against the very opposite: materialism and mammonism. (Lively bravo!)
And when today the Jew still runs into our factories and says: How can you be a socialist antisemite? Are not you ashamed? – there comes a time in which we will ask: How can you not be an antisemite, being a socialist! (Hear, hear) There comes a time when it will be obvious that socialism can only be carried out accompanied by nationalism and antisemitism. The three concepts are inseparably connected. They are the foundations of our program and therefore we call ourselves National Socialists. (Cheers)"
— "Why We Are Anti-Semites" (August 15, 1920 speech in Munich at the Hofbräuhaus).
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@entalon : National Socialists had 'socialism' in the name, because they advocated for socialism on a national level, and believed that socialism can only be implemented via nationalism and antisemitism.
"The first three principles were clear, and they are inseparable from each other. Socialism as the final concept of duty, the ethical duty of work, not just for oneself but also for one’s fellow man’s sake, and above all the principle: Common good before own good, a struggle against all parasitism and especially against easy and unearned income. And we were aware that in this fight we can rely on no one but our own people. We are convinced that socialism in the right sense will only be possible in nations and races that are Aryan, and there in the first place we hope for our own people and are convinced that socialism is inseparable from nationalism.
To be nationalist does not mean for us to belong to one party or another, but to show with every action that one benefits the people; it means love for all the people without exception.From this point of view we will realize that it is necessary to preserve the most precious thing a people has, the sum of all active creative powers of its workers, to keep it healthy in body and soul. And this view of nationalism compels us to immediately form a front against its opposite, the Semitic conception of the idea of people (Volk), and especially against the Semitic concept of work. Since we are socialists, we must necessarily also be antisemites because we want to fight against the very opposite: materialism and mammonism.
And when today the Jew still runs into our factories and says: How can you be a socialist antisemite? Are not you ashamed? – there comes a time in which we will ask: How can you not be an antisemite, being a socialist! (Hear, hear) There comes a time when it will be obvious that socialism can only be carried out accompanied by nationalism and antisemitism. The three concepts are inseparably connected. They are the foundations of our program and therefore we call ourselves National Socialists."
— "Why We Are Anti-Semites" (August 15, 1920 speech in Munich at the Hofbräuhaus).
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@Authoritarianism-Rising Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@dreamofyou8906 And the man is wrong as Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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@inigo9000 "The Nazi governement was actively taken the stance for enterprises being in private hands, "
Wrong. They didn't. On the contrary, they took the similar stance the USSR had under Stalin, that is, centralized control. They were in the hands of the NSDAP, either directly or by its individual members and organizations, such as the DAF. The more time went on, the more nationalization happened, which was also noted by the Time magazine back in the day.
"Most cruel joke of all, however, has been played by Hitler & Co. on those German capitalists and small businessmen who once backed National Socialism as a means of saving Germany's bourgeois economic structure from radicalism. The Nazi credo that the individual belongs to the state also applies to business. Some businesses have been confiscated outright, on others what amounts to a capital tax has been levied. Profits have been strictly controlled. Some idea of the increasing Governmental control and interference in business could be deduced from the fact that 80% of all building and 50% of all industrial orders in Germany originated last year with the Government. Hard-pressed for foodstuffs as well as funds, the Nazi regime has taken over large estates and in many instances collectivized agriculture, a procedure fundamentally similar to Russian Communism."
"Adolf Hitler: Man of the Year, 1938", Time; January 2, 1939.
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@maxfan1591 "They suppressed unions, outlawed strikes and collective bargaining, and kept wages low. "
So did every socialist regime. In fact, Hitler was simply imitating Lenin, who had earlier closed down all independent labor associations, factory committees and worker cooperatives, banned strikes, walkouts, and lockouts. Lenin even forced workers to work a slavish 80-hour week. After the Bolsheviks banned all labor unions, one unionist “described the unions as ‘living corpses.’” Any Russian worker who participated in general strikes was arrested, imprisoned or shot. Under Lenin’s regime, workers had no real representation or bargaining rights and were treated like industrial serfs who were chained to their factories. Although Hitler followed Lenin’s nationalizing craze, his treatment of workers did not mimic their Russian counterparts.
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@z2z3z45 " against the threat of a rising left-wing movement like communism or socialism."
Wrong. Fascism was part of the rising Left at the time. They just didn't want Marxism to rise over their socialist ideology. Mussolini was one of the first to comingle the phrase Fascism with syndicalism, remarking in the early 1920s that “Fascist syndicalism is national and productivistic… in a national society in which labor becomes a joy, an object of pride and a title to nobility.” Most Italian syndicalists viewed social revolution as a means for rapid transformation to provide “superior productivity,” and if this economic abundance failed to occur, there could be no meaningful social change. The emphasis by syndicalists towards the importance of “producerism” had been originally initiated by Sorel in 1907, who argued that “Marx considers that a revolution by a proletariat of producers who [have] acquired economic capacity.” When Carlo Cafiero developed a compendium for the initial volume of Capital in Italian, Marx reminded his colleague that “material conditions necessary for the emancipation of the proletariat” must be “spontaneously generated by the development of capitalism (den Gang der kapitalistischen Produktion).”
The support for the theory of producerism expanded among Fascist syndicalists after the conclusion of the Russian Civil War and transition from war communism showed high unemployment and an environment where “most of the mills and factories were at a standstill; mines and collieries were wrecked and flooded.”
After the introduction of the New Economic Policy (NEP), Italian syndicalists continued to move further away from orthodox Marxism, determined to revise it to fit the changing times and to embolden its strategic goals. They argued that the Russian Bolsheviks had failed to adhere to Engels’ 1850 admonition about the dangers of trying to establish a social revolution within an economically backwards environment. This drift had emerged years before the economic malaise of Soviet Russia, prompting most Italian syndicalists to transcend the errors and drawbacks that “they believed they found in orthodox Marxism.” Developed to bring about worker control of the means of production by direct action, the intellectuals of syndicalism came to the realization that Italy's primitive economy could facilitate neither equality nor abundance for society. Without a mature industry developed by the bourgeois, they came to understand that a successful social revolution required the support of “classless” revolutionaries. Mussolini, along with Italian syndicalists, Nationalists and Futurists, contended that those revolutionaries would be Fascists, not Marxists or some other ideology. According to Mussolini and other syndicalist theoreticians, Fascism would be “the socialism of ‘proletarian nations.’”
Fascist syndicalists also became preoccupied with the idea of increasing production instead of simply establishing a redistributive economic structure. Sergio Panunzio, a major theoretician of Italian Fascism and syndicalism, believed that Syndicalists were producerists, rather than distributionists. In his criticism of the Bolsheviks’ handling of their economy, Panunzio also asserted that Russian Soviet state had become a “dictatorship over the proletariat, and not of the proletariat.”
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@Authoritarianism-Rising : Wrong. Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. It was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@darkhat11 "and Mussolini believed in a laissez-faire form of economics where the government didn't interfere in the economy :"
Wrong. They didn't believe in any kind of laissez-faire form of economics nor economic liberalism, which they clearly state in their 'Doctrine of Fascism'. This is specifically why they came up with the idea of their National Syndicalism i.e. Corporatism, where the idea was to let the state control and direct the economy from the top-down without itself owning the means of production.
"Fascism is definitely and absolutely opposed to the doctrines of liberalism, both in the political and the economic sphere."
"If liberalism spells individualism, Fascism spells government. The Fascist State is, however, a unique and original creation. It is not reactionary but revolutionary, for it anticipates the solution of certain universal problems which have been raised elsewhere, in the political field by the splitting up of parties, the usurpation of power by parliaments, the irresponsibility of assemblies; in the economic field by the increasingly numerous and important functions discharged by trade unions and trade associations with their disputes and ententes, affecting both capital and labor; in the ethical field by the need felt for order, discipline, obedience to the moral dictates of patriotism."
"Fascism desires the State to be strong and organic, based on broad foundations of popular support. The Fascist State lays claim to rule in the economic field no less than in others; it makes its action felt throughout the length and breadth of the country by means of its corporative, social, and educational institutions, and all the political, economic, and spiritual forces of the nation, organized in their respective associations, circulate within the State."
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@azraiel1984 There will never be Fascism in America. Also regarding Fascism, it was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by
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@TheSwitchFrog "He rejected social ownership and control of the means of production and killed those who believed in it — and that's what soc iali sm is, nothing more nothing less, therefore my statement still stands."
Jumping back to Hitler and national so ciali sm ...again, so cialis m is an economic system which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole. Including but not limited to; state, guild, group, class, syndicate etc.
"To put it quite clearly: we have an economic programme. Point No. 13 in that programme demands the nationalisation of all public companies, in other words socialisation, or what is known here as so ciali sm. … the basic principle of my Party’s eco nomic programme should be made perfectly clear and that is the principle of authority… the good of the community takes priority over that of the individual. But the Sta te should retain control; every owner should feel himself to be an agent of the St ate; it is his duty not to misuse his possessions to the detriment of the State or the interests of his fellow countrymen. That is the overriding point. The Third Reich will always retain the right to control property owners. If you say that the bourgeoisie is tearing its hair over the question of private property, that does not affect me in the least. Does the bour geoisie expect some consideration from me?… Today’s bour geoisie is rotten to the core; it has no ideals any more; all it wants to do is earn money and so it does me what damage it can. The bourgeois press does me damage too and would like to consign me and my movement to the dev il.“
— Ad olf Hitl er, Hit ler's interview with Richard Breiting, 1931, published in Edouard Calic, ed., “First Interview with Hitler, 4 May 1931,” Secret Conversations with Hit ler: The Two Newly-Discovered 1931 Interviews, New York: John Day Co., 1971, pp. 31-33. Also published under the title Unmasked: Two Confidential Interviews with Hit ler in 1931, published by Chatto & Windus in 1971
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Fascism however had nothing to do with "big business" or "collusion". Fascism was about the absolute State which was above everything and which controlled everything, hence Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State." UK hasn't had Fascism since Oswald Mosley. Although it needs to be pointed out, that modern day countries live under Keynesian economics, which Fascism did approve, being a socialist and anti-capitalist ideology after all.
“The State exists for all the people, but is also above the people, and, if necessary, against the people. It is against them whenever they attempt to place their particular interests above the general interests of the Nation. ... It is the purpose of Fascism to unify the Nation through the sovereign State, the State which is above all and can be against all, because it represents the moral continuity of the Nation. Without State there is no Nation.”
— Mussolini, speech on August 8th, 1925.
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@bramobin "he worked with the corporations, capitalists and industrialists"
Wrong. He subjugated all of them under the interest and goals of the State, as the whole point of the Fascist ideology was "state supremacy".
“The Fascist State directs and controls the entrepreneurs, whether it be in our fisheries or in our heavy industry in the Val d'Aosta. There the State actually owns the mines and carries on transport, for the railways are state property. So are many of the factories… We term it state intervention… If anything fails to work properly, the State intervenes. The capitalists will go on doing what they are told, down to the very end. They have no option and cannot put up any fight. Capital is not God; it is only a means to an end.”
— Benito Mussolini, As quoted in Talks with Mussolini, Emil Ludwig, Boston, MA, Little, Brown and Company (1933)
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Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind. It was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@Crispr_CAS9 In both ideologies, it was the gover nme nt which decided what was to be produced, in what quantity, by what methods, and to whom it was to be distributed, as well as what prices would be charged and what wages would be paid. In both ideologies, the govern ment controlled the means of production, distribution, exchange and told businesses / industry in general what they were allowed to do on the basis of "com mon good". That is, by definition, so cialis m i.e. collec tive owner ship or control of the means of production.
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@jjdelft3216 : You have no clue what you are talking about. Both Italian fas cis ts and German's national soc ialis ts were ha rd co re so cial ists. Both opposed liberal ca pital ism, but also int ernatio nal soc iali sm, hence the concept of a “third way,” their centralized economic policies obeyed collectivist and so ciali st principles, openly opposing cap itali sm and the free market, favoring nationalism and auta rchy.
Mussolini was always a so ciali st, but after getting kicked out from the PSI due to wanting Italy be part of the war effort, he moved more into Sore lian syndi calis m.
Adolf was always a so cia list also, in fact, during 1919 he was part of a m arx ist movement before getting arrested and writing his book.
Adolf constantly called himself a so cia list and their party was called National soc iali sm because that's what it was, soc ialis m but national.
"We might have called ourselves the Liberal Party. We chose to call ourselves the National Soci alis ts. We are not internationalists. Our so ciali sm is national. We demand the fulfilment of the just claims of the productive classes by the state on the basis of race solidarity. To us state and race are one."
"Soc ial ism, is the science of dealing with the common weal. Co mmun ism is not So cialis m. Mar xis m is not So ciali sm. The Mar xia ns have stolen the term and confused its meaning. I shall take So ciali sm away from the So cialis ts."
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z1 " Fas cis m is a product for rig ht-win g because encompasses ideas like nati onalism , hier archy , soc ial Darw inism , patr iarchy , e thno-natio nalism , etc."
Incorrect. None of those things have anything to do with political alignment. Fa scis m was an aut horita rian fa r-le ft, soci ali st ideology which reject ed indi viduali sm, cap italism, liberalism/demo cracy, and ma rxi sm, in which the me ans of production was organized by nat ional wor ker syndi cals (i.e. tra de uni ons).
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Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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"The invented mass privatization, for the love of God."
Wrong. They did no such thing. Privatization was never a thing in Nazi Germany. On the contrary, they nationalized most if not all of the German industry and later reorganized all industries into corporations run by members of the Nazi Party. They coined a word for this nationalization, "Gleichschaltung", a system of totalitarian control and coordination over all aspects of German society from the economy and trade associations to the media, culture and education.
"To put it quite clearly: we have an economic programme. Point No. 13 in that programme demands the nationalisation of all public companies, in other words socialisation, or what is known here as socialism. … the basic principle of my Party’s economic programme should be made perfectly clear and that is the principle of authority… the good of the community takes priority over that of the individual. But the State should retain control; every owner should feel himself to be an agent of the State; it is his duty not to misuse his possessions to the detriment of the State or the interests of his fellow countrymen. That is the overriding point. The Third Reich will always retain the right to control property owners. If you say that the bourgeoisie is tearing its hair over the question of private property, that does not affect me in the least. Does the bourgeoisie expect some consideration from me?… Today’s bourgeoisie is rotten to the core; it has no ideals any more; all it wants to do is earn money and so it does me what damage it can. The bourgeois press does me damage too and would like to consign me and my movement to the devil.“
— Adolf Hitler, Hitler's interview with Richard Breiting, 1931, published in Edouard Calic, ed.
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@BenWeiss-f9p "they privatized steel, mining, banking, local public utilities, shipyard, ship-lines, railways, healthcare, and more. My source for this is a university of Barcelona paper called "against the mainstream: privatization in 1930s Germany". "
Ah yes, this copy/paste from a fake news article. None of that you copy/pasted happened. For example, the railways were specifically nationalized and brought under strict NSDAP control during 1937. Even the Wiki gets this right this time around.
"The end of the Weimar Republic and the rise to power of the National Socialists did not initially change the status of the Reichsbahn. Under pressure from the National Socialists, the Reichsbahn took over the construction of the Reichsautobahns from 1933 onwards, but further expansion of the railway network was neglected in favor of rearmament. In 1937, Adolf Hitler ended the existence of the independent Reichsbahn company, which was again taken over by the Reich Ministry of Transport under direct state administration. General Director Julius Dorpmüller also became Reich Transport Minister and remained both until his death in July 1945 shortly after the end of the Second World War."
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@Synerco "And you do know the term "privatization" was coined to describe H itler's economic policies, right? "
Wrong. It was not. Not only was there no privatization whatsoever, but also the term was used only once by some random journalist in "The Economist" magazine.
The Na zis themselves used the term Gleichschaltung.
"To put it quite clearly: we have an economic programme. Point No. 13 in that programme demands the nationalisation of all public companies, in other words soci alisation, or what is known here as socia lism. … the basic principle of my Party’s economic programme should be made perfectly clear and that is the principle of authority… the good of the community takes priority over that of the individual. But the State should retain control; every owner should feel himself to be an agent of the State; it is his duty not to misuse his possessions to the detriment of the State or the interests of his fellow countrymen. That is the overriding point. The Third Reich will always retain the right to control property owners. If you say that the bourgeoisie is tearing its hair over the question of private property, that does not affect me in the least. Does the bourgeoisie expect some consideration from me?… Today’s bourgeoisie is rotten to the core; it has no ideals any more; all it wants to do is earn money and so it does me what damage it can. The bourgeois press does me damage too and would like to consign me and my movement to the devil.“
— Ado lf H itler, Hitl er's interview with Richard Breiting, 1931, published in Edouard Calic, ed.,
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The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;"
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@blaizerhodes "I've seen it around the internet as a quote attributed to Gentile, but no one provides a source."
I doubt Gentile said it verbatim. However what Gentile did say in his works, for example;
“The Fascist, on the other hand, conceives philosophy as a philosophy of practice (”praxis”). That concept was the product of certain Marxist and Sorellian inspirations (many Fascists and the Duce, himself, received their first intellectual education in the school of Marx and Sorel)—as well as the influence of contemporary Italian idealistic doctrines from which Fascist mentality drew substance and achieved maturity."
"It is necessary to distinguish between socialism and socialism—in fact, between idea and idea of the same socialist conception, in order to distinguish among them those that are inimical to Fascism. It is well known that Sorellian syndicalism, out of which the thought and the political method of Fascism emerged—conceived itself the genuine interpretation of Marxist communism. The dynamic conception of history, in which force as violence functions as an essential, is of unquestioned Marxist origin. Those notions flowed into other currents of contemporary thought, that have themselves, via alternative routes, arrived at a vindication of the form of State—implacable, but absolutely rational—that finds historic necessity in the very spiritual dynamism through which it realizes itself."
Che cosa è il fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche (“What is Fascism?”), Florence: Vallecchi, (1925)
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@DownWithTheImperialists "They had corporations, and private property."
Corporations were nationalized and later reorganized to run by members of the Nazi Party. Private property wasn't a thing either as private property rights were abolished via Reichstag fire degree on Feb. 28, 1933. When the government has total control and can legally seize your property if it's used in a manner they dislike, it is not private property ownership, as you are not the arbiter of what to do with your own stuff. You are merely a manager of government property, and merely so long as the government permits it.
"To put it quite clearly: we have an economic programme. Point No. 13 in that programme demands the nationalisation of all public companies, in other words socialisation, or what is known here as socialism. … the basic principle of my Party’s economic programme should be made perfectly clear and that is the principle of authority… the good of the community takes priority over that of the individual. But the State should retain control; every owner should feel himself to be an agent of the State; it is his duty not to misuse his possessions to the detriment of the State or the interests of his fellow countrymen. That is the overriding point. The Third Reich will always retain the right to control property owners. If you say that the bourgeoisie is tearing its hair over the question of private property, that does not affect me in the least. Does the bourgeoisie expect some consideration from me?… Today’s bourgeoisie is rotten to the core; it has no ideals any more; all it wants to do is earn money and so it does me what damage it can. The bourgeois press does me damage too and would like to consign me and my movement to the devil.“
— Adolf Hitler, Hitler's interview with Richard Breiting, 1931, published in Edouard Calic, ed.
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@DownWithTheImperialists "They banned labor unions in 1934. "
They banned independent unions, since they merged them into one single nation wide super union known as the Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF, or German Labor Front). The DAF created a single overarching labor union. Essentially all German workers and employees in every economic sector belonged to the DAF. For example, farmers were coordinated into the Reich Food Estate. While traditional unions prioritized workers’ rights, the DAF emphasized national economic goals above personal well-being.
Speaking of unions, both Hitler and Mussolini were simply imitating Lenin, who had earlier closed down all independent labor associations, factory committees and worker cooperatives, banned strikes, walkouts, and lockouts. Lenin even forced workers to work a slavish 80-hour week. After the Bolsheviks banned all labor unions, one unionist “described the unions as ‘living corpses.’” Any Russian worker who participated in general strikes was arrested, imprisoned or shot. Under Lenin’s regime, workers had no real representation or bargaining rights and were treated like industrial serfs who were chained to their factories. Although Hitler and Mussolini followed Lenin’s nationalizing craze, their treatment of workers did not mimic their Russian counterparts.
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@GooberBlooper When it comes to Fascism; it was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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"I get that the word socialist is in the name they chose (for pr purposes) but that means nothing. "
They chose the name because it represented what they were advocating for, that is, socialism on a national level instead of international.
"The first three principles were clear, and they are inseparable from each other. Socialism as the final concept of duty, the ethical duty of work, not just for oneself but also for one’s fellow man’s sake, and above all the principle: Common good before own good, a struggle against all parasitism and especially against easy and unearned income. And we were aware that in this fight we can rely on no one but our own people. We are convinced that socialism in the right sense will only be possible in nations and races that are Aryan, and there in the first place we hope for our own people and are convinced that socialism is inseparable from nationalism. (Loud applause)
To be nationalist does not mean for us to belong to one party or another, but to show with every action that one benefits the people; it means love for all the people without exception.From this point of view we will realize that it is necessary to preserve the most precious thing a people has, the sum of all active creative powers of its workers, to keep it healthy in body and soul.(Cheers) And this view of nationalism compels us to immediately form a front against its opposite, the Semitic conception of the idea of people (Volk), and especially against the Semitic concept of work. Since we are socialists, we must necessarily also be antisemites because we want to fight against the very opposite: materialism and mammonism. (Lively bravo!)
And when today the Jew still runs into our factories and says: How can you be a socialist antisemite? Are not you ashamed? – there comes a time in which we will ask: How can you not be an antisemite, being a socialist! (Hear, hear) There comes a time when it will be obvious that socialism can only be carried out accompanied by nationalism and antisemitism. The three concepts are inseparably connected. They are the foundations of our program and therefore we call ourselves National Socialists. (Cheers)"
— "Why We Are Anti-Semites" (August 15, 1920 speech in Munich at the Hofbräuhaus).
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"Trade unions were shut down and independent labor movements replaced with the Nazi-controlled DAF, or German Labor Front. They outlawed strikes and collective bargaining."
Hitler was simply imitating Lenin, who had earlier closed down all independent labor associations, factory committees and worker cooperatives, banned strikes, walkouts, and lockouts. Lenin even forced workers to work a slavish 80-hour week. After the Bolsheviks banned all labor unions, one unionist “described the unions as ‘living corpses.’” Any Russian worker who participated in general strikes was arrested, imprisoned or shot. Under Lenin’s regime, workers had no real representation or bargaining rights and were treated like industrial serfs who were chained to their factories. Although Hitler followed Lenin’s nationalizing craze, his treatment of workers did not mimic their Russian counterparts.
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@Incognito-jf1dr "the Nazis in 1933 promised industrialists that they would destroy socialism and trade Unions.if in power . "
That they would destroy Marxism / Communism, not socialism. They had no problems with socialism.
"To put it quite clearly: we have an economic programme. Point No. 13 in that programme demands the nationalisation of all public companies, in other words socialisation, or what is known here as socialism. ... the basic principle of my Party's economic programme should be made perfectly clear and that is the principle of authority... the good of the community takes priority over that of the individual. But the State should retain control; every owner should feel himself to be an agent of the State; it is his duty not to misuse his possessions to the detriment of the State or the interests of his fellow countrymen. That is the overriding point. The Third Reich will always retain the right to control property owners. If you say that the bourgeoisie is tearing its hair over the question of private property, that does not affect me in the least. Does the bourgeoisie expect some consideration from me?... Today's bourgeoisie is rotten to the core; it has no ideals any more; all it wants to do is earn money and so it does me what damage it can. The bourgeois press does me damage too and would like to consign me and my movement to the devil.
..
I will tolerate no opposition. We recognize only subordination – authority downwards and responsibility upwards. You just tell the German bourgeoisie that I shall be finished with them far quicker than I shall with Marxism... When once the conservative forces in Germany realize that only I and my party can win the German proletariat over to the State and that no parliamentary games can be played with Marxist parties, then Germany will be saved for all time, then we can found a German Peoples State.
..
Over the last forty years the German bourgeoisie has been a lamentable failure; it has not given the German people a single leader; it will have to bow without gainsaying to the totality of my ideology... The bourgeoisie rules by intrigue, but it can have no foothold in my movement because we accept no Jews or Jewish accomplices into our Party."
- Hitler's interview with Richard Breiting, 1931, published in Edouard Calic, ed.,
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Wrong. Fascism had nothing to do with right wing of any kind whatsoever. On the contrary, it was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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Wrong. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@bituminous3376 "fascism itself purported to be the perfect form of classic liberalism and democracy and a force for liberty but was nothing like that"
Wrong. They specifically and literally say that Fascism is the enemy of Classical Liberalism, democracy and liberty.
"Anti-individualistic, the Fascist conception of life stresses the importance of the State and accepts the individual only in so far as his interests coincide with those of the State, which stands for the conscience and the universal, will of man as a historic entity. It is opposed to classical liberalism which arose as a reaction to absolutism and exhausted its historical function when the State became the expression of the conscience and will of the people. Liberalism denied the State in the name of the individual; Fascism reasserts The rights of the State as expressing the real essence of the individual. And if liberty is to he the attribute of living men and not of abstract dummies invented by individualistic liberalism, then Fascism stands for liberty, and for the only liberty worth having, the liberty of the State and of the individual within the State. The Fascist conception of the State is all embracing; outside of it no human or spiritual values can exist, much less have value. Thus understood, Fascism, is totalitarian, and the Fascist State - a synthesis and a unit inclusive of all values - interprets, develops, and potentates the whole life of a people."
- the Doctrine of Fascism
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Except they ended up abolishing private property rights with the Reichstag fire degree on Feb. 28, 1933. Article 153 of the Weimar Constitution guaranteed private property, with expropriation only to occur within the due process of the law, but this article was nullified. Also in Hitler's table talks on September 3, 1942, he said that land was “national property, and in the end only given to the individual as a loan.” Hitler only recognized private property insofar as it was used according to the principle “common benefit ahead of private benefit,” which meant that if it was necessary in the common interest, the state had the right at all times to decide the way, the extent to which, and when private property was used, and the common interest was, of course, defined by the state.
Owning property was therefore conditional. You either did exactly what the Nazi government told you to do, or your business got seized and given to another. Which is why they later reorganized all industries into corporations run by members of the Nazi Party.
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"Capitalism means wars, violence, robbery, unemployment, impoverishment of the population, inequality between people. "
Wrong. Capitalism doesn't benefit from wars, the governments do. Capitalism doesn't benefit from violence, the governments do. Capitalism doesn't benefit from robberies, the governments do. Capitalism doesn't benefit from unemployment, the governments do. Capitalism doesn't benefit from the impoverishment of the population, the governments do. Capitalism has nothing to do with inequality or equality for that matter, as it is an economic system.
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Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. Never had. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@eedragonr Hi tler and his NS DAP were the State. NS DAP members were State employees. For example this is what happened to Junkers:
"When the Na zis came into power in 1933 they requested Junkers and his businesses aid in the German re-armament. When Junkers declined, the Na zis responded by demanding ownership of all patents and market shares from his remaining companies, under threat of imprisonment on the grounds of High Treason. In 1934 Junkers was placed under house arrest, and died at home in 1935 during negotiations to give up the remaining stock and interests in Junkers. Under Na zi control, his company produced some of the most successful German warplanes of the Second World War."
- Wiki
And even the Time magazine wrote about Na zis confiscating businesses back in the day:
"Most cruel joke of all, however, has been played by H itler & Co. on those German capitalists and small businessmen who once backed National Social ism as a means of saving Germany's bourgeois economic structure from radicalism. The Na zi credo that the individual belongs to the state also applies to business. Some businesses have been confiscated outright, on others what amounts to a capital tax has been levied. Profits have been strictly controlled. Some idea of the increasing Governmental control and interference in business could be deduced from the fact that 80% of all building and 50% of all industrial orders in Germany originated last year with the Government. Hard-pressed for foodstuffs as well as funds, the Nazi regime has taken over large estates and in many instances collectivized agriculture, a procedure fundamentally similar to Russian Comm unism."
- "Adolf Hit ler: Man of the Year, 1938", Time; January 2, 1939.
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@TheRealMake-Make Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@joschafinger126 "Fascism is *not*, at heart, a unified, internally consistent ideology. Rather, it's a political style, much like more general populism is rather style than ideology."
Wrong. Fascism was a very specific and consistent political ideology based on Hegelian philosophy and National Syndicalism. There were multiple syndicalists involved with the ideology, such as Alceste De Ambris & Filippo Tommaso Marinetti in the beginning, then later Sergio Panunzio, Alfredo Rocco, Edmondo Rossoni, Mario Palmieri etc. Finally, Giovanni Gentile was the one who formulated the latest iteration of the ideology with Mussolini.
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@samuelcarmody6903 ""Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian, and ultranationalist political ideology ...."
Wrong defintion, as Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind. In fact, Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@bethelgeiser8748 "So you lie now too. Regretful. You first say that the reich didn't take control of the land (which, if you didn't know, is one of the means of production) and then you use your allegation again, telling that they shared almost every economic policy with the US SR under Len in and Sta lin, when bols heviks DID take the totality of their land under soviet gov ernmental control."
In Hitler's table talks on September 3, 1942, he said that land was “nat ional prope rty, and in the end only given to the individual as a loan.” Hit ler only recognized private ownership insofar as it is used according to the principle “common benefit ahead of private benefit,” which means, concretely, insofar as land is used within the framework of the objectives set by the state. For Hit ler the principle of “common benefit ahead of private benefit” means that if it is necessary in the common interest, the state has the right at all times to decide the way, the extent to which, and when private ownership is used, and the common interest is, of course, defined by the sta te.
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@RedPiece0601 Here is the proper definition of Fascism; a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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+Francesca Taphophilia: It seems you do not quite understand what it means to be a christian. Christians do not live in sin. A christian has the Holy Spirit living within them. When a Christian sins, there is a conviction from God's Spirit. This conviction should lead to repentance rather than repeating sins without remorse. Like I said earlier; when we become Christians, our lives will change. We are not the same person we used to be prior salvation.
When it comes to "judging"; We are permitted to exercise discernment with people we are in a covenant relationships with. So, for example, Paul tells the Corinthians to expel an unrepentant man from the church, but tells them, “What business is it of mine to judge those outside the church? Judge [or practice discernment with] those inside the church” (I Cor 5: 9-13).
The author of Hebrews warns us, “Take care, brothers, lest there be in any of you an evil, unbelieving heart, leading you to fall away from the living God” (Heb 3:12). Notice that this word is addressed to brothers. It’s those of us who call ourselves Christians who need to closely examine our hearts. But this kind of examination is not merely a call to private, personal introspection. It’s a group project: “But exhort one another every day, as long as it is called ‘today,’ that none of you may be hardened by the deceitfulness of sin” (Heb 3:13).
When you see a brother or sister persisting in a pattern of unbelief, a pattern that calls into question the genuineness of his profession of faith, you should speak up. It is your word of exhortation that the Holy Spirit may use to soften your sister’s heart, lead her into an attitude of repentance, and spare her from God’s wrath.
Jesus taught us to correct one another because he understood the danger of unrepentant sin. In Matthew 18:15-18 he carefully lays out a process of correcting a brother whose sinned against another brother. Jesus doesn’t reveal the nature of the sin. However, he makes it quite clear that if the sinner doesn’t repent of that sin, he shouldn’t be treated as a brother or sister in Christ. But how will this sinner come to realize his fault? He needs a word of correction. Jesus tells us to confront the sinner individually (v. 15). If the sinner’s heart remains hard, a few others should offer the corrective word (v. 16). And if that doesn’t work, Jesus indicates that the entire church must get involved (v. 18).
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@Murray Wilson: You have no clue what you are talking about. Giovanni Gentile certainly was a so ciali st, in fact, for awhile he was a professor teaching Ma rxis m. While critiquing Mar xism, he came across Sore lian synd icalism and started formulating Fas cis m, which Mussolini then put to practice. Fas cism was a fa r le ft tota litari an form of soc ialis m. Fasc ism opposed libe ral cap itali sm, but also international so ciali sm, hence the concept of a “third way,” their centralized economic policies obeyed collectivist and so cial ist principles, openly opposing cap itali sm and the free market, favoring nationalism and autarchy. Fas ci sm never opposed soc ialis m, it opposed ma rxis m.
Fa scis m is properly defined as the following: political and economic system that rejects ca pital ism, libe ralis m/de mocr acy, and co mm unis m, in which the means of production is organized by national wor ker synd icals (i.e. tra de unio ns), and the guiding philosophy of the state is Actual Idealism.
"The Fa sc ist, on the other hand, conceives philosophy as a philosophy of practice (”praxis”). That concept was the product of certain Mar xist and Sore llian inspirations (many Fas cis ts and the Duce, himself, received their first intellectual education in the school of Ma rx and Sorel)—as well as the influence of contemporary Italian idealistic doctrines from which Fa sci st mentality drew substance and achieved maturity.“
"It is necessary to distinguish between soc iali sm and so cialis m—in fact, between idea and idea of the same soc ial ist conception, in order to distinguish among them those that are inimical to Fa scis m. It is well known that Sorel lian syndic alism, out of which the thought and the political method of Fas ci sm emerged—conceived itself the genuine interpretation of Ma rxist co mmu nis m. The dynamic conception of history, in which force as violence functions as an essential, is of unquestioned Mar xist origin. Those notions flowed into other currents of contemporary thought, that have themselves, via alternative routes, arrived at a vindication of the form of State—implacable, but absolutely rational—that finds historic necessity in the very spiritual dynamism through which it realizes itself.“
—Giovanni Gentile
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Now when it comes to the definition of Fascism; it was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel (Sorelianism). It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@maxfan1591 "They suppressed unions, outlawed strikes and collective bargaining, and kept wages low. "
So did every socialist regime. In fact, Hitler was simply imitating Lenin, who had earlier closed down all independent labor associations, factory committees and worker cooperatives, banned strikes, walkouts, and lockouts. Lenin even forced workers to work a slavish 80-hour week. After the Bolsheviks banned all labor unions, one unionist “described the unions as ‘living corpses.’” Any Russian worker who participated in general strikes was arrested, imprisoned or shot. Under Lenin’s regime, workers had no real representation or bargaining rights and were treated like industrial serfs who were chained to their factories. Although Hitler followed Lenin’s nationalizing craze, his treatment of workers did not mimic their Russian counterparts.
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@kingboobs20 "Nope, Nazis privatized everything"
Wrong. Privatization was not a thing. Nazis nationalized everything, brought the German industry under state Control and later reorganized all industries into corporations run by members of the Nazi Party. They even coined a word for this nationalization, known as "Gleichschaltung", a system of totalitarian control and coordination over all aspects of German society from the economy and trade associations to the media, culture and education.
"To put it quite clearly: we have an economic programme. Point No. 13 in that programme demands the nationalisation of all public companies, in other words socialisation, or what is known here as socialism. … the basic principle of my Party’s economic programme should be made perfectly clear and that is the principle of authority… the good of the community takes priority over that of the individual. But the State should retain control; every owner should feel himself to be an agent of the State; it is his duty not to misuse his possessions to the detriment of the State or the interests of his fellow countrymen. That is the overriding point. The Third Reich will always retain the right to control property owners. If you say that the bourgeoisie is tearing its hair over the question of private property, that does not affect me in the least. Does the bourgeoisie expect some consideration from me?… Today’s bourgeoisie is rotten to the core; it has no ideals any more; all it wants to do is earn money and so it does me what damage it can. The bourgeois press does me damage too and would like to consign me and my movement to the devil.“
— Adolf Hitler, Hitler's interview with Richard Breiting, 1931, published in Edouard Calic, ed., “First Interview with Hitler, 4 May 1931,” Secret Conversations with Hitler: The Two Newly-Discovered 1931 Interviews, New York: John Day Co., 1971, pp. 31-33. Also published under the title Unmasked: Two Confidential Interviews with Hitler in 1931, published by Chatto & Windus in 1971
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+Love Puddin: Again, the words "not a sinner" is not the same thing as "cannot sin". The former refers to a status, while the latter refers to an action. When people start following Christ, they are not called sinners anymore. That doesn't mean that christians somehow cannot sin anymore. And I know where my comment is and what I wrote. But since you like to troll more than admit that you are wrong, I can paste my comment here, just for you:
"According to the bible, christians do not live in sin; becoming a christian results in a changed life (2 Corinthians 5:17, 1 Corinthians 6:9-11). When we become christians, our lives will change. Anyone who is living a sinful lifestyle and claims to be a christian is either lying, is self-deceived, or really is a believer who is going to experience God’s judgment and discipline (Hebrews 12:5-11). Because we habitually thought and lived as our old selves before receiving our new identity, God’s proclamation of who we truly are in Christ must overcome our old self-identity that we continue to experience."
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@Matt_Alaric "It's nonsense that it was far left."
Mussolini himself has stated that it was. Also Fascism being a socialist ideology, puts it into the far-left, to the right side of Marxism.
“Our programs are definitely equal to our revolutionary ideas and they belong to what in democratic regime is called “left”; our institutions are a direct result of our programs and our ideal is the Labor State. In this case there can be no doubt: we are the working class in struggle for life and death, against capitalism. We are the revolutionaries in search of a new order. If this is so, to invoke help from the bourgeoisie by waving the red peril is an absurdity. The real scarecrow, the real danger, the threat against which we fight relentlessly, comes from the right. It is not at all in our interest to have the capitalist bourgeoisie as an ally against the threat of the red peril, even at best it would be an unfaithful ally, which is trying to make us serve its ends, as it has done more than once with some success. I will spare words as it is totally superfluous. In fact, it is harmful, because it makes us confuse the types of genuine revolutionaries of whatever hue, with the man of reaction who sometimes uses our very language.”
- Mussolini, Speech on April 22, 1945 in Milan
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Wrong. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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Wrong. Fascism was very coherent and clear ideology. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@varyolla435 "no matter what they "called themselves" the Fascists in history always represented extreme Right wing/Nationalist/Populist/Jingoist politics. "
Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. It was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@Dudewithguns-ww7wc "they never really did anything ”social ist“."
Wrong. They had a centralized government, with a centralized and planned economy similar to the US SR. Government also controlled the means of production and decided what was to be produced, in what quantity, by what methods, and to whom it was to be distributed, as well as what prices would be charged and what wages would be paid.
Both also opposed capit alism, but also international social ism, hence the concept of a “third way,” their centr alized economic policies obeyed collectivist and soc ialist principles, openly opposing capita lism and the free m arket, favoring nationa lism and auta rchy.
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@dp6447 "Fascism is inherently right wing."
Wrong. Not only does Fascism have nothing to do with National Socialism since it was a completely different ideology, but also Fascism had nothing to do with right wing of any kind whatsoever. On the contrary, it was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@goldbluetears "but the one question I asked you avoided."
Already answered to your "So please enlighten us what is your definition of fasc ism?" question. Here it is again:
There is no "my definition". There is only historical definition: Tota litarian far-left, socia list ideology based on national syndic alism and Heg elian philosophy. Fasci sm was an outgrowth of Sorellian Synd icalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Mar xist soci alism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose wasn't the promotion of private interest, but the cent ralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All with in the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
Ideologically, where the Fasc ists diverged from the Ma rxists was in their rejection of the narrative of class warfare, which they saw as utterly repudiated by the behavior of "the proletariat" during World War I, where rather than join together in a mutual overthrow of capit alism, the working class of each country stayed in lockstep with national loyalties and slaughtered their supposed foreign class brethren. Both the Fas cists and M arxists despised Classical Liber alism, and saw it as having a perverse role in atomizing the individual from society. Mussolini's favored intellectual, Giovanni Gentile, freely acknowledged Fasc ism' kinship with Marx ism through Sorellian Syndicalism.
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@OatmealGrillBlazer "fascism is not a left-wing ideology, it is a right-wing ideology that sprung from ultra-nationalism,"
Still wrong. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@HarrisSultanAtheist : Sadly you gave a wrong definition. Most if not all of those characteristics you mentioned could be applied to various different socialists, such as Fidel Castro, Hitler and Stalin for example (and modern day China and North Korea). Not to mention, that all of those characteristics are forms of collectivism, which is advocated by the Left in general anyways.
If we agree that the Far-Left is characterized by socialism and collectivist ideologies, then logic dictates, that the Far-Right in the return is characterized by capitalist and individualist ideologies. Therefore, people on the (far) right believe that the best outcome for society is achieved when individual rights and civil liberties are paramount (individualism) and the role — and especially the power — of the government is minimized.
There is one specific Far-Right ideology which you British people might be familiar with, known as Liberalism, established by one of your own lads, John Locke. He essentially advocated that the sole purpose of the Government is to protect people's lives, liberty and property. That's about it. This is also known as Minarchism, or a Night-watchman state.
This would also establish the simple fact, that Extreme Left is represented by Communism and in return, the Extreme Right is represented by Anarcho-Capitalism.
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@SharperWolf919 Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel (Sorelianism). It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@Mark-zk3gu ""After the Na zis took power, industries were privatized en masse. Several banks, shipyards, railway lines, shipping lines, welfare organizations, and more were privatized. The Na zi govern ment took the stance that enterprises should be in pri vate hands wherever possible. Sta te own ership was to be avoided unless it was absolutely necessary for rearmament or the war effort""
Incorrect. The na zis privatized nothing. On the contrary, not only did they abol ish priva te property, they also tried to nationalize everything from eco nomy to busine sses to people's personal lives. They called it Gleichschaltung, which was a process of coordination. It was designed to bring all aspects of Ger man life under Na zi control. From the single party state to the German Labor Front to the N azi-approved leisure activities offered by Str ength thro ugh Joy, almost no part of Ger man life remained untouched by Naz ism.
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@Mark-zk3gu : "...it's straight from the book dummy."
Which has no basis in reality. Again, not only did Hi tler officially abolish private property with the Reichstag Fire Decree, also in his table talks on September 3, 1942, Hi tler said that land was “national property, and in the end only given to the individual as a loan.” Hit ler only recognizes pri vate owne rship insofar as it is used acc ording to the principle “common benefit ahead of private benefit,” which means, concretely, insofar as land is used within the framework of the obj ectives set by the state. For Hitl er the principle of “common benefit ahead of private benefit” means that if it is necessary in the common interest, the state has the right at all times to decide the way, the extent to which, and when private ownership is used, and the common interest is, of course, defi ned by th e state.
Read better books.
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@abcdefghijk6752 "By very definition, only the far right can want fascism,"
Wrong. Fascism was the complete opposite of Far-Right. It was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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Wrong definition as Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind. On the contrary, it was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@maxfan1591 "Big business supported the Nazis. "
They didn't really. Also the fact that some capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alternative of Marxism or Nazism, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marxists. Capitalists don't like to be killed any more than other people do.
"Most cruel joke of all, however, has been played by Hitler & Co. on those German capitalists and small businessmen who once backed National Socialism as a means of saving Germany's bourgeois economic structure from radicalism. The Nazi credo that the individual belongs to the state also applies to business. Some businesses have been confiscated outright, on others what amounts to a capital tax has been levied. Profits have been strictly controlled. Some idea of the increasing Governmental control and interference in business could be deduced from the fact that 80% of all building and 50% of all industrial orders in Germany originated last year with the Government. Hard-pressed for foodstuffs as well as funds, the Nazi regime has taken over large estates and in many instances collectivized agriculture, a procedure fundamentally similar to Russian Communism."
"Adolf Hitler: Man of the Year, 1938", Time; January 2, 1939.
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"Jason Stanley skips the most obvious ingredients to fascism. As Stanley G. Payne points out in his "Fascism: Comparison and Definition" that Fascism and Conservativism are both right-wing. Payne makes it clear that fascism is radical right where as conservativism is authoritarian right. And both are opposed to each other. "
Both Stanley's are wrong and these clueless Americans should stop bastardizing European history already. Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. Also Conservatism is not an ideology, but a philosophical stance against change i.e. Progressivism. Neither exist on the modern day left/right political spectrum as nobody lives in the 18th century France anymore. Regarding Fascism, it was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@audimaster5000 "Patents, monopolies, mega corporations, owing access to resources, marketing, exploitation of labor, subsidies, taxes, price control, manipulation of the market ect…the list of things that prevent what is implied by that statement an endless cluterfuck of anything but free."
It seems you have a problem with the Gover nment itself, not ca pitalism. Almost all of those things are a result of the Government interfering with things it shouldn't.
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@josephblumenthal1228 : The point was, that there was no partnership. The Fascist state subjugated the industry to serve the interest of the State via Corporatism. There was no private sector per se, and throughout the 1930s, Italy had the second largest government owned public sector losing only to Stalin's USSR.
"“The Fascist State directs and controls the entrepreneurs, whether it be in our fisheries or in our heavy industry in the Val d'Aosta. There the State actually owns the mines and carries on transport, for the railways are state property. So are many of the factories… We term it state intervention… If anything fails to work properly, the State intervenes. The capitalists will go on doing what they are told, down to the very end. They have no option and cannot put up any fight. Capital is not God; it is only a means to an end.”
— Benito Mussolini, As quoted in Talks with Mussolini, Emil Ludwig, Boston, MA, Little, Brown and Company (1933)
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@Lleanlleawrg "If it wasn't for the qualifier in the definition of fascism that says it has to be right wing,"
Wrong. There was nothing Right wing about Fascism and it had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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zz11 "( as Gentile/Mussolini said "We have no reason to believe this won't be a century of authority , a century tending to the ri ght-wi ng , a fas cist century" in the doctrine of fascism )."
Wrong. He never said "rig ht wi ng". Fasci sm was fa r-lef t, tending to the right, from ma rxism.
"Granted that the XIXth century was the century of socialism, liberalism, democracy, this does not mean that the XXth century must also be the century of socialism, liberalism, democracy. Political doctrines pass; nations remain. We are free to believe that this is the century of authority, a century tending to the " right ", a Fas cist century. If the XIXth century was the century of the individual (liberalism implies individualism) we are free to believe that this is the "collective" century, and therefore the century of the State."
- the Doctrine of Fas cism
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You people have no clue what you are talking about and Wiki is not a credible source. Try some actual books. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@Tyranical-Supreme-Court "Fascism is inherently right-wing "
Wrong. Fascism had nothing to do with right wing of any kind whatsoever. On the contrary, it was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind. It was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@theburgerboy5936 "One of the first acts of the Nazis in 1933 was to sell nearly every single state-enterprise in Germany to capitalists"
Wrong. They did no such thing and they sold nothing. On the contrary, they first thing they did was mass nationalization of the German industry, and later they reorganized all industries into corporations run by members of the Nazi Party. They called this nationalization as "Gleichschaltung", a system of totalitarian control and coordination over all aspects of German society from the economy and trade associations to the media, culture and education.
"To put it quite clearly: we have an economic programme. Point No. 13 in that programme demands the nationalisation of all public companies, in other words socialisation, or what is known here as socialism. … the basic principle of my Party’s economic programme should be made perfectly clear and that is the principle of authority… the good of the community takes priority over that of the individual. But the State should retain control; every owner should feel himself to be an agent of the State; it is his duty not to misuse his possessions to the detriment of the State or the interests of his fellow countrymen. That is the overriding point. The Third Reich will always retain the right to control property owners. If you say that the bourgeoisie is tearing its hair over the question of private property, that does not affect me in the least. Does the bourgeoisie expect some consideration from me?… Today’s bourgeoisie is rotten to the core; it has no ideals any more; all it wants to do is earn money and so it does me what damage it can. The bourgeois press does me damage too and would like to consign me and my movement to the devil.“
— Adolf Hitler, Hitler's interview with Richard Breiting, 1931, published in Edouard Calic, ed.,
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@theburgerboy5936 "and the official stance of the Nazi party on private property was that enterprise should be in private hands wherever possible."
Wrong. Even in Hitler's table talks on September 3, 1942, he said that land was “national property, and in the end only given to the individual as a loan.” Hitler only recognized private ownership insofar as it was used according to the principle “common benefit ahead of private benefit,” which means that if it was necessary in the common interest, the state had the right at all times to decide the way, the extent to which, and when private ownership was used, and the common interest was, of course, defined by the state. Not to mention, that private property rights were abolished via Reichstag fire decree on February 28, 1933.
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@theburgerboy5936 "Which is consistent with that policy, state-enterprise was kept to a minimum and only used when absolutely necessary, and when it wasn't, it was privatized."
Wrong. National Socialism was all about state control over every aspect of people's lives, including businesses. This was also reported by the Time magazine back in the day.
"Most cruel joke of all, however, has been played by Hitler & Co. on those German capitalists and small businessmen who once backed National Socialism as a means of saving Germany's bourgeois economic structure from radicalism. The Nazi credo that the individual belongs to the state also applies to business. Some businesses have been confiscated outright, on others what amounts to a capital tax has been levied. Profits have been strictly controlled. Some idea of the increasing Governmental control and interference in business could be deduced from the fact that 80% of all building and 50% of all industrial orders in Germany originated last year with the Government. Hard-pressed for foodstuffs as well as funds, the Nazi regime has taken over large estates and in many instances collectivized agriculture, a procedure fundamentally similar to Russian Communism."
"Adolf Hitler: Man of the Year, 1938", Time; January 2, 1939.
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@JackRichardsonM8 "Fascists are far-right."
Wrong. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@robcrawford5165 "What class has Hi tler dispossessed?"
H itler didn't believe in classes at all. He outright rejected the idea.
"I am a German nationalist. This means that I proclaim my nationality. My whole thought and action belongs to it. I am a socialist. I see no class and no social estate before me, but that community of the Folk, made up of people who are linked by blood, united by a language, and subject to a same general fate. I love this Folk and hate only its majority of the moment, because I view the latter to be just as little representative of the greatness of my Folk as it is of its happiness."
"THERE ARE NO SUCH THINGS AS CLASSES: THEY CANNOT BE. Class means caste and caste means race. If there are castes in India, well and good; there it is possible, for there there were formerly Aryans and dark aborigines. So it was in Egypt and in Rome. But with us in Germany where everyone who is a German at all has the same blood, has the same eyes, and speaks the same language, here there can be no class, here there can be only a single people and beyond that nothing else."
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@1stAmendmentRights : Well here is the definition of Fascism, and you will quickly see why it is not a thing in America and will never be a thing in America; Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@moha-tk5gz "Fascism means palingenetic-ultranationalism. "
Wrong. While fascism could be called "palingenetic ultranationalism", that is just half the truth. Fascism was also based on collectivism, statism, national syndicalism and socialism. It was an ideology which rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. In which the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism. It was revolutionary socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
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@rn6312 : Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@rascalraccoon9529 "You don't present historical facts. "
I certainly do. When it comes to Fascism; it was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@Iukereigns3460 : Wrong. Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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Actually Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@JAMBOTRON-1 "That is because Fascism is far-right. "
Wrong. Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@pascalsolal : Wrong. Fascism was statism first, nationalism second. Also it wasn't racist. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@blackwatchgroup9194 : Because for some reason they hated individu alism, for them it was a mark of selfishness. They wanted the Sta te to be and to provide everything a person needed in their life. They were hard core statists.
"Anti-individualistic, the Fas cist conception of life stresses the importance of the State and accepts the individual only in so far as his interests coincide with those of the State, which stands for the conscience and the universal, will of man as a historic entity. It is opposed to classical liber alism which arose as a reaction to absolutism and exhausted its historical function when the State became the expression of the conscience and will of the people. Liber alism denied the State in the name of the individual; Fasc ism reasserts The rights of the State as expressing the real essence of the individual. And if liberty is to he the attribute of living men and not of abstract dummies invented by individualistic liberalism, then Fas cism stands for liberty, and for the only liberty worth having, the liberty of the State and of the individual within the State. The Fas cist conception of the State is all embracing; outside of it no human or spiritual values can exist, much less have value. Thus understood, Fasc ism, is totalit arian, and the Fas cist State - a synthesis and a unit inclusive of all values - interprets, develops, and potentates the whole life of a people."
- the Doctrine of Fas cism
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@maxfan1591 "Big business supported the Nazis. "
They didn't really. Also the fact that some capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alternative of Marxism or Nazism, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marxists. Capitalists don't like to be killed any more than other people do.
"Most cruel joke of all, however, has been played by Hitler & Co. on those German capitalists and small businessmen who once backed National Socialism as a means of saving Germany's bourgeois economic structure from radicalism. The Nazi credo that the individual belongs to the state also applies to business. Some businesses have been confiscated outright, on others what amounts to a capital tax has been levied. Profits have been strictly controlled. Some idea of the increasing Governmental control and interference in business could be deduced from the fact that 80% of all building and 50% of all industrial orders in Germany originated last year with the Government. Hard-pressed for foodstuffs as well as funds, the Nazi regime has taken over large estates and in many instances collectivized agriculture, a procedure fundamentally similar to Russian Communism."
"Adolf Hitler: Man of the Year, 1938", Time; January 2, 1939.
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@maxfan1591 "They suppressed unions, outlawed strikes and collective bargaining, and kept wages low. "
So did every socialist regime. In fact, Hitler was simply imitating Lenin, who had earlier closed down all independent labor associations, factory committees and worker cooperatives, banned strikes, walkouts, and lockouts. Lenin even forced workers to work a slavish 80-hour week. After the Bolsheviks banned all labor unions, one unionist “described the unions as ‘living corpses.’” Any Russian worker who participated in general strikes was arrested, imprisoned or shot. Under Lenin’s regime, workers had no real representation or bargaining rights and were treated like industrial serfs who were chained to their factories. Although Hitler followed Lenin’s nationalizing craze, his treatment of workers did not mimic their Russian counterparts.
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"the key property being controlled is the MEANS OF PRODUCTION not just like all of the things. "
In practice it means ALL things (land, labor, capital). The means of production is the social use and ownership of the elements needed to produce goods and services. A good is an object that people use to satisfy their wants. Examples of goods include a cellphone, a book, or a hairbrush. A service is anything that someone does to satisfy another human's wants, usually for payment. Examples of services are a haircut from a barber, a plate of food from a cook, or calling a plumber to fix a toilet.
You only need to have a simple paintbrush and some skills to use it and bam, you could paint portraits and paintings which you could sell, therefore, no paintbrushes allowed.
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Popular Front "Fa scis m is about hierarchy , is anti-egalitarian , is elitist , is social Darwinist , is exclusionary , is nationalist , etc"
Every single ideology that is based around an entity called "the gov ernment" is all of those. All those things you mentioned have nothing to do with rig ht or le ft, since they have no political alignm ent. When it comes to fa scis m, it was auth oritari an f ar-lef t so cialis m, which rejec ted capita lism, libe ralism/demo cracy, and marxi sm, in which the means of production is orga nized by nat ional worker syndic als (i.e. tra de unio ns).
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Wrong. The majority of Cuban's problems, economic and otherwise, are a direct result of their socialism and the Castro family.
The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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@maxfan1591 Wrong. They were far-left socialists.
The fact that the capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alternative of Marxism or Nazism, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marxists. Capitalists don't like to be killed any more than other people do.
Nazis believed, just like the Fascists, that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society.
They were politically, socially and econo mically anti-cons ervative, since they didn't want to preserve the status quo nor did they want to bring back Monarchy / Kaiser. The conservatives thought Hitler would end the Republic and bring back Mon archy and Kaiser. They were wrong.
Hitler's point was that Marxism must be rejected NOT because it is soci alist, but because it is in cahoots with international finance capital. In fact, Hitler thought the Marxists were INSINCERE about their socialism. This being-in-cahoots of capitalism and Marxism (through the Je ws) is the MAIN point made in Mein Kampf. And is the reason why, for the Nazis, socialism had to become nationalist. That socialism had to become nationalist, did not, however, mean that it went right-wing.
Owning prop erty was made conditi onal and private property rights were abolished with the Reich stag fire decree on February 28, 1933. The Na zis suspended a number of articles of the Weimar Constitution; Among these were Article 115 and Article 153. Article 115 said: "The dw elling of every German is his sanctuary and is inviolable. Exceptions may be imposed by authority of law." Article 153 also guaranteed property. Obviously, they did not confiscate everyone's property, however all pro perty always could be confiscated by the state and a certain amount was. Industry was divided into 13 sectors and placed under the control of the state.
They nationalized unions into one single nation wide union known as the Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF, or German La bor Front). The DAF created a single overarching labor union. Essentially all German workers and employees in every economic sector belonged to the DAF. For example, far mers were coordinated into the Reich Food Estate. While traditional unions prioritized workers’ rights, the DAF emphasized national economic goals above personal well-being.
Under the newly created German Labor Front (DAF), the Nazis set high wages, overtime pay was generous, and dismissal of workers by employers was difficult to execute, but inflation and stricter labor laws eroded much of that advantage.
It was a well known fact before and during the war, that Hitler's National Socialist party was an alternative, socialist school of thought which rejected the marxist version of socialism, and capitalism respectively... hence they called themselves a 3rd position.
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Wrong definition as Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@ToxicAudri "Because fascism doesn't exclude a theocracy, it very easily includes it."
Wrong. In the Fascist ideology, there was nothing above and beyond the State. The State was the final and only authority. Even Mussolini himself was anti-clerical and a fan of Nietzsche.
"Anti-individualistic, the Fascist conception is for the State; and it is for the individual only in so far as he coincides with the State, which is the conscience and universal will of man in his historical existence. It is opposed to classical liberalism, which arose as a reaction to absolutism and exhausted its historical function when the State was transformed into the conscience and will of the people. Liberalism denied the State in the interest of the particular individual; Fascism reasserts the State as the true reality of the individual. And if liberty is to be the attribute of real men, and not of abstract puppets invented by individualistic liberalism, then Fascism is for liberty, and for the only liberty which can be real, the liberty of the State and of the individual within the State. Therefore, for the Fascist, everything is in the State, and outside of it nothing human or spiritual can exist, much less have value. In this sense Fascism is totalitarian, and the Fascist State—the synthesis and unity of all values—interprets, develops, and potentiates the whole life of the people."
- the Doctrine of Fascism
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@Regis Glass "again, thank you for acce pting Muss olini stated: "Fasci sm was born ... out of a profo und, perennial need of this our Ar yan and Mediterr anean race".".
That wasn't what he stated. He never said "our ar yan". He said "our Medite rranean and ary an", keepi ng them separ ate. The 'and' is there to make a sep aration bet ween Mediterranean and Ary an. He includes both, but doesn't tre at them as one and the sa me. Still, he ne ver made any refer ences to fas cism in that stat ement nor has he said that fascism would have advo cated for aryanism, and it didn't.
/ / / / / /
@Regis Glass "thank you for accepting fasc ism is rig ht wi nged."
Wrong. Fasc ism was a br anch of f ar-le ft socia lism and sociali sm does not e xist on the right side, hun. Fasc ism was on the rig ht side of marx ism, nothing to do with rig ht wi ng of any kind whatso ever.
/ / / / / /
@Regis Glass "for example, do modern conse rvatives see LG BT Q people (or minorities in general) as equal to them or do they see them as lesser, ie, pra ctice a hierarchy?"
Again, go ask your local modern cons ervatives. Also has nothing to do with hierarchies. While you are at it, also ans wer: a democratic run "blue" city where liberal values have been a thing for decades, are those values trad itional? Are those liberals in that city now conserv atives if they want to preserve those liberal values?
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z1 "Mussolini was actually kicked out of the socia list party for being pro-war and went on to create an anti-socia list ideology known as "fasc ism". "
Wrong. It was anti-marx ist and anti-bolsh evik. Muss olini didn't have any quarrels with soci alism itself. On November 24, 1914, when he was expelled from the Soc ialist Party, Mussolini insisted that his expulsion could not divest him of his ‘socia list faith.’ He made the subtitle of his new paper, Il Popolo d’Italia, ‘A Socia list Daily.’ National intervention in the European conflagration was an immediate issue and as a problem it divided socia lists, but since most continental soci alist parties had opted for war, Mussolini conceived at that time that interventionism was not a commitment sufficient to require the abandonment of social ism.
"Do not believe, even for a moment, that by stripping me of my membership card you do the same to my Socia list beliefs, nor that you would restrain me of continuing to work in favor of Socia lism and of the Rev olution.“
— Ben ito Mus solini , Speech at the Italian Socia list Party’s meeting in Milan at the People’s Theatre on Nov. 25, 1914.
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@orphaotheseeker2770 "Capitalists worked with fascists,"
Wrong. There was no "with". The Capitalists were subjugated by the Fascists, as directly stated by Mussolini himself;
"The Fascist State directs and controls the entrepreneurs, whether it be in our fisheries or in our heavy industry in the Val d'Aosta. There the State actually owns the mines and carries on transport, for the railways are state property. So are many of the factories… We term it state intervention… If anything fails to work properly, the State intervenes. The capitalists will go on doing what they are told, down to the very end. They have no option and cannot put up any fight. Capital is not God; it is only a means to an end.”
— Benito Mussolini, As quoted in Talks with Mussolini, Emil Ludwig, Boston, MA, Little, Brown and Company (1933), pp. 153-154, Interview took place between March 23 and April 4, 1932 1930s
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@orphaotheseeker2770 "The purpose of the state, in a communist revolution, was to be used to repress the bourgeoisie. The reason for this was to abolish class entirely, and this can only be achieved once the DOTP is established, or else the reactionary, bourgeoisie elements of society, the counter revolutionaries, squash a communist revolution."
And this is why Fascism opposed Communism. Again, Fascism believed that the purpose of the State was, according to Mussolini himself:
"The State exists for all the people, but is also above the people, and, if necessary, against the people. . . . It is against them whenever they attempt to place their particular interests above the general interests of the Nation ... The National State conciliates in itself the interests of all social categories, and wants decidedly the greatness of the nation through the welfare of the single citizen ... It is the purpose of Fascism to unify the Nation through the sovereign State, the State which is above all and can be against all, because it represents the moral continuity of the Nation. Without State there is no Nation."
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@orphaotheseeker2770 "Completely false. He was a fascist. "
Still the same thing. Fascism was a socialist ideology, and Gentile advocated for socialism.
“The Fascist, on the other hand, conceives philosophy as a philosophy of practice (”praxis”). That concept was the product of certain Marxist and Sorellian inspirations (many Fascists and the Duce, himself, received their first intellectual education in the school of Marx and Sorel)—as well as the influence of contemporary Italian idealistic doctrines from which Fascist mentality drew substance and achieved maturity.”
“It is necessary to distinguish between socialism and socialism—in fact, between idea and idea of the same socialist conception, in order to distinguish among them those that are inimical to Fascism. It is well known that Sorellian syndicalism, out of which the thought and the political method of Fascism emerged—conceived itself the genuine interpretation of Marxist communism. The dynamic conception of history, in which force as violence functions as an essential, is of unquestioned Marxist origin. Those notions flowed into other currents of contemporary thought, that have themselves, via alternative routes, arrived at a vindication of the form of State—implacable, but absolutely rational—that finds historic necessity in the very spiritual dynamism through which it realizes itself.”
— Giovanni Gentile, Che cosa è il fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche (“What is Fascism?”), Florence: Vallecchi, (1925)
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@orphaotheseeker2770 "This is completely at odds with socialism, particularly Marxism, which has been and will always be MATERIALIST. "
Not at odds with socialism, but certainly with Marxism. Every element of Fascist doctrine can be traced to the belief system of revolutionary national syndicalism as that syndicalism emerged from the First World War.
“Fascism as a consequence of its Marxian and Sorelian patrimony... conjoined with the influence of contemporary Italian idealism, through which Fascist thought attained maturity, conceives philosophy as praxis.”
— Giovanni Gentile , Origini e dottrina del fascismo, Rome (1929) p. 58, A. James Gregor, The Ideology of Fascism: The Rationale of Totalitarianism, New York: NY, The Free Press (1969) p. 317
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@orphaotheseeker2770 "post this definition, and by definition I mean an academic one, not your own personal definition or the definition by some loon over at FEE or Mises. Go on."
There is no academic one. There is only the historical definition, based on the writings of multiple syndicalists involved; that is, Alceste De Ambris & Filippo Tommaso Marinetti in the beginning, then later Sergio Panunzio, Alfredo Rocco, Edmondo Rossoni, Mario Palmieri, and finally Giovanni Gentile, who formulated the latest iteration of the ideology with Mussolini.
Now, to that definition; Totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism. Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
or if you fancy a simplistic definition; Fascism was totalitarian National Syndicalism.
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@orphaotheseeker2770 "Here's one that's better: Fascism (/ˈfæʃɪzəm/ FASH-iz-əm) is a far-right, authoritarian, ultranationalist political ideology and movement,[1][2][3] characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy, subordination of individual interests for the perceived good of the nation or race, and strong regimentation of society and the economy."
Not better, it is flawed and inaccurate.
Fascism wasn't far-right, since it was far-left socialist ideology. It wasn't authoritarian, it was totalitarian. It was just nationalist and statist movement, no reason to use funny prefixes on words like nationalism. Fascism didn't have a dictatorial leader since by definition, Mussolini wasn't one. Fascism was lead by the so called Grand Council of Fascism, which also ended up democratically removing Mussolini from office. They were about the supremacy of the State apparatus, race wasn't important to the ideology itself.
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@user-yh8ik3xw8s "Fascists are, and have always been, extreme Right. "
Wrong. Fascism had nothing to do with right wing of any kind whatsoever. On the contrary, it was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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Hic_Sunt_Leones-o7v "While conservativism and right wing leaning politics are closer to fascism a far right ideology."
Wrong. Conservatism has nothing to do with left/right political spectrum in the first place. It's a philosophical stance against change, progressivism. Both are relative terms and their context change country-by-country basis, depending on what is considered traditional. Regarding Fascism, it was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@KamaraNoir : You just have no clue what you are talking about. The historical fact is that Adolf had absolutely nothing to do with fascism whatsoever. Adolf changed nothing. Fascism is a completely different socialist ideology. Nobody from the Italians called him a fascist. Nobody called him a fascist here in Europe. On the contrary, Adolf criticized Mussolini's fascism since Mussolini didn't believe in his race theory. Adolf called himself a socialist and a national socialist multiple times.
Once again, historical fact is, that Adolf has absolutely nothing to do with fascism whatsoever. Both national socialism and fascism have always been far left, socialist ideologies.
It is you and the rest of the amuricans who are putting Adolf and Mussolini into the same definition.
Adolf was a national socialist, not a fascist.
Mussolini was a fascist.
National socialism and fascism are 2 different socialist ideologies, practiced in 2 different countries.
There is no such thing as "democratic socialism". What you might be referring to, is social-democracy which is still based on capitalism, not socialism.
Again, both Mussolini and Adolf opposed liberal capitalism, but also international socialism.
What Adolf did to unions, he socialized i.e. nationalized them under on single union, Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF, or German Labor Front). The DAF created a single overarching labor union. Essentially all German workers and employees in every economic sector belonged to the DAF.
Why Adolf did the "night of the long knives", has nothing to do with socialists. He did it specifically because his paramilitary group, SA, was staging a coup and wanted to overthrow him.
Adolf himself was the one who added national socialism into the party's name. Although he did suggest a name change for "Social Revolutionary Party" earlier. The only reason why he wouldn't have wanted to add "socialism" in there, would have been because he wanted to distance himself from the marxists.
Again, please go read some history since you have no clue what you are talking about.
"We might have called ourselves the Liberal Party. We chose to call ourselves the National Socialists. We are not internationalists. Our socialism is national. We demand the fulfilment of the just claims of the productive classes by the state on the basis of race solidarity. To us state and race are one." -Adolf
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@KamaraNoir : There is no historian that would try to lump Adolf's national socialism into fascism. None.
Again, nobody called Adolf and NSDAP as fascist. Nobody here in Europe called them fascists. Adolf nor the NSDAP never called themselves as fascist. Mussolini nor the Italians called Adolf and NSDAP as fascists. It has never been a thing. It's just something you amuricans have invented in your head.
How many quotes do you need? If you don't want to believe Adolf, what about Joseph Goebbels?
"We are against the political bourgeoisie, and for genuine nationa lism! We are against Marx ism, but for true socia lism! We are for the first German national state of a socia list nature! We are for the National Socia list German Workers’ Party!“
"We are socia lists because we see the social question as a matter of necessity and justice for the very existence of a state for our people, not a question of cheap pity or insulting sentimentality. The worker has a claim to a living standard that corresponds to what he produces. We have no intention of begging for that right… Since the political powers of the day are neither willing nor able to create such a situation, socia lism must be fought for. It is a fighting slogan both inwardly and outwardly. It is aimed domestically at the bourgeois parties and Marx ism at the same time, because both are sworn enemies of the coming workers’ state. It is directed abroad at all powers that threaten our national existence and thereby the possibility of the coming socia list national state.“
or Gregor Strasser?
"We National Socia lists want the economic revolution involving the nationali zation of the economy…We want in place of an explo itative capita list economic system a real socia lism, maintained not by a soulless Jew ish-materi alist outlook but by the believing, sacrificial, and unselfish old German community sentiment, community purpose and economic feeling. We want the soc ial revo lution in order to bring about the national revo lution.“
"What we National Socia lists want is revo lution or, better said, the attainment of a German future by the ruthless implementation of national freedom, social justice and völkisch recovery.“
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@TheGalaxyWings "Many of the companies that were nationalized by the social democrats during the weimar republic were later privatized by the na zis. "
Not really. Privatization was never a thing in Na zi Germany. the Na zis issued quotas for industries and farms and later reorganized all industries into corporations run by members of the Na zi Party. Hitler advocated for nationalization since the beginning, and they later referred to this as "Gleichschaltung".
"To put it quite clearly: we have an economic programme. Point No. 13 in that programme demands the nationalisation of all public companies, in other words socialis ation, or what is known here as soci alism. … the basic principle of my Party’s economic programme should be made perfectly clear and that is the principle of authority… the good of the community takes priority over that of the individual. But the State should retain control; every owner should feel himself to be an agent of the State; it is his duty not to misuse his possessions to the detriment of the State or the interests of his fellow countrymen. That is the overriding point. The Third Reich will always retain the right to control property owners. If you say that the bourgeoisie is tearing its hair over the question of private property, that does not affect me in the least. Does the bourgeoisie expect some consideration from me?… Today’s bourgeoisie is rotten to the core; it has no ideals any more; all it wants to do is earn money and so it does me what damage it can. The bourgeois press does me damage too and would like to consign me and my movement to the devil.“
— Ad olf Hit ler, Hit ler's interview with Richard Breiting, 1931, published in Edouard Calic, ed.
Even 'the Times' magazine mentioned this:
"Most cruel joke of all, however, has been played by Hitler & Co. on those German capita lists and small businessmen who once backed National Socialism as a means of saving Germany's bourgeois economic structure from radicalism. The Na zi credo that the individual belongs to the state also applies to business. Some businesses have been confiscated outright, on others what amounts to a capital tax has been levied. Profits have been strictly controlled. Some idea of the increasing Governmental control and interference in business could be deduced from the fact that 80% of all building and 50% of all industrial orders in Germany originated last year with the Government. Hard-pressed for foodstuffs as well as funds, the N azi regime has taken over large estates and in many instances collectivized agriculture, a procedure fundamentally similar to Russian Comm unism." "
"Ad olf Hit ler: Man of the Year, 1938", Time; January 2, 1939.
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@factstrumpprejudice6740 : Here is a good starter list, and personally I suggest you try to find anything from Renzo De Felice and Emilio Gentile, who are the leading Italian historians when it comes to Fascism. Sadly most of their work is in Italian, but luckily we have Google translate and such, which will give us some idea what they are talking about.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@brandonvanscoycloud6469 : Policies such as nationalizing the unions, industries, social activities, general economy and the means of production ... pretty much everything under the NSDAP, yes. Adolf certainly was a socialist. He opposed liberal capitalism, but also international socialism, hence the concept of a “third way,” his centralized economic policies obeyed collectivist and socialist principles, openly opposing capitalism and the free market, favoring nationalism and autarchy.
"The Revolution we have made is not a national revolution, but a National-Socialist Revolution. We would even underline this last word, Socialist."
— Adolf
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Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
Trump has nothing to do with Fascism whatsoever, nor does any American politician for that matter.
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"Fasci sm is extreme use of power over people to continue use of its collapsing capi talist systems that's on its last leg of existence. Fas cism is there as savior of capi talism that majority of people had no more use of its economic mismanagement that works only for top class of 5-10% that benefits all. Capita lism had wage wars against it's working class but with using fas cism in W W2 had saved western Capi talist systems from new socialist economic system of socialism that appeared in Ru ssia called US SR/Sovet Union"
Wrong. Fasc ism had nothing to do with capita lism whatsoever. It was a soci alist ideology based on national syndica lism. It was the enemy of capi talism. Fasci sm was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose wasn't the promotion of private interest, but the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
Ideologically, where the Fasc ists diverged from the Marxis ts was in their rejection of the narrative of class warfare, which they saw as utterly repudiated by the behavior of "the proletariat" during World War I, where rather than join together in a mutual overthrow of capitalism, the working class of each country stayed in lockstep with national loyalties and slaughtered their supposed foreign class brethren. Both the Fascists and Marx ists despised Liberalism, and saw it as having a perverse role in atomizing the individual from society. Mussolini's favored intellectual, Giovanni Gentile, freely acknowledged Fascis m' kinship with Marxi sm through Sorellian Syndicalism.
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Well, individual ownership rights were understood to be strictly subordinate to collective discipline. It was not the individual ownership of property that concerned Fascists, but its subordination to collective control. Property was understood to perform social functions rather than to manifest individual rights. It was clear that the conception of property as a social function was broad enough to include socialization of the means of production, should that be required by the national interests as interpreted by the state.
“The Fascist State directs and controls the entrepreneurs, whether it be in our fisheries or in our heavy industry in the Val d'Aosta. There the State actually owns the mines and carries on transport, for the railways are state property. So are many of the factories… We term it state intervention… If anything fails to work properly, the State intervenes. The capitalists will go on doing what they are told, down to the very end. They have no option and cannot put up any fight. Capital is not God; it is only a means to an end.”
— Benito Mussolini, As quoted in Talks with Mussolini, Emil Ludwig, Boston, MA, Little, Brown and Company (1933)
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@thomaslemon3971 "Hitler called it “National Socialism” to win over the support of actual socialists."
No such thing as "actual socialists". They all were socialists, just with a different goal. They chose the name because it represented what they were advocating for, that is, socialism on a national level instead of international.
"The first three principles were clear, and they are inseparable from each other. Socialism as the final concept of duty, the ethical duty of work, not just for oneself but also for one’s fellow man’s sake, and above all the principle: Common good before own good, a struggle against all parasitism and especially against easy and unearned income. And we were aware that in this fight we can rely on no one but our own people. We are convinced that socialism in the right sense will only be possible in nations and races that are Aryan, and there in the first place we hope for our own people and are convinced that socialism is inseparable from nationalism. (Loud applause)
To be nationalist does not mean for us to belong to one party or another, but to show with every action that one benefits the people; it means love for all the people without exception.From this point of view we will realize that it is necessary to preserve the most precious thing a people has, the sum of all active creative powers of its workers, to keep it healthy in body and soul.(Cheers) And this view of nationalism compels us to immediately form a front against its opposite, the Semitic conception of the idea of people (Volk), and especially against the Semitic concept of work. Since we are socialists, we must necessarily also be antisemites because we want to fight against the very opposite: materialism and mammonism. (Lively bravo!)
And when today the Jew still runs into our factories and says: How can you be a socialist antisemite? Are not you ashamed? – there comes a time in which we will ask: How can you not be an antisemite, being a socialist! (Hear, hear) There comes a time when it will be obvious that socialism can only be carried out accompanied by nationalism and antisemitism. The three concepts are inseparably connected. They are the foundations of our program and therefore we call ourselves National Socialists. (Cheers)"
— "Why We Are Anti-Semites" (August 15, 1920 speech in Munich at the Hofbräuhaus).
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@Contrapost3366 " Fascism is not a socialist ideology."
Wrong. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@Contrapost3366 "he received significant support from various industrialists. "
When it comes to National Socialists, the fact that some industrialists, faced with the alternative of Marxism or Nazism, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marxists. Industrialists don't like to be killed any more than other people do.
"Most cruel joke of all, however, has been played by Hitler & Co. on those German capitalists and small businessmen who once backed National Socialism as a means of saving Germany's bourgeois economic structure from radicalism. The Nazi credo that the individual belongs to the state also applies to business. Some businesses have been confiscated outright, on others what amounts to a capital tax has been levied. Profits have been strictly controlled. Some idea of the increasing Governmental control and interference in business could be deduced from the fact that 80% of all building and 50% of all industrial orders in Germany originated last year with the Government. Hard-pressed for foodstuffs as well as funds, the Nazi regime has taken over large estates and in many instances collectivized agriculture, a procedure fundamentally similar to Russian Communism."
— "Adolf Hitler: Man of the Year, 1938", Time; January 2, 1939.
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@exart8409 "What is your definition of fascism?"
There is no "my definition". There is only the historical definition based on historical facts. That being; Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel (Sorelianism). It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@lukethomeret-duran5273 "Fascists outright said that socialism was a Jewish conspiracy"
Wrong. Fascists has never said such a thing and the Fascists didn't have any problems with the Jews either. Now you are conflating Fascism with Hitler's National Socialism, which was a completely different ideology. However even the Nazis never said such a thing. They specifically said that both Bolshevism/Marxism and Capitalism were part of a "Jewish conspiracy", not socialism.
"We National Socialists are not at all surprised that the Anglo-American, Jewish and capitalist world is united together with Bolshevism. In our country we have always found them in the same community. Alone we successfully fought against them here in Germany, and after 14 years of struggle for power we were finally able to annihilate our enemies."
— Reichstag speech declaring war against the United States (11 December 1941)
"In this tremendous and truly historical uprising of the nations we are all now taking our part, some of us as leaders, others as actors or performers. On one side we find the exponents of democracy, that is Jewish capitalism with all its deadweight of obsolete political theories and parliamentary corruption, its out-moded social order, the Jewish brain trust, the Jewish newspapers, stock exchanges and banks, a concern of mixed political and economic profiteers of the worst order, arm in arm with the Bolshevist state ... The Jews were the carriers of that Bolshevist infection which once threatened to destroy Europe. It was also they who incited the ranks of the plutocracies to war, and it is the Jews who have driven America to war against all her own interests, simply and solely from the Jewish capitalistic point of view."
— "Speech to the Reichstag Assuming New Powers", (April 26, 1942)
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@timothyrussell4445 " we can see in far right leaders all over the planet - Trump, Modi, Bolsonaro, Mileil, Putin, LePen, Weidel; "
Out of those people, only Milei is on the Far-Right. Trump is a moderate, Center-Right. Modi, Center-Right. Putin, Leftist. LePen, Center-Right, Weidel, Center-Right.
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@Crispr_CAS9 "Mussolini and Hitler both sold off their State's monopolies on various industries."
Wrong. They didn't. According to Mussolini's own words, he nationalized over 75% of the Italian industry. Meanwhile Hi tler nationalized most of the German industry and later reorganized all industries into corporations run by members of the N azi Party. They called this Gleichschaltung.
"Three-fourths of the Italian economy, industrial and agricultural, is in the hands of the state. And if I dare to introduce to Italy state capitalism or state socialism, which is the reverse side of the medal, I will have the necessary subjective and objective conditions to do it.“
— Benito Mussolini , Speech to the Chamber of Deputies on May 26, 1934. 1930s
"To put it quite clearly: we have an economic programme. Point No. 13 in that programme demands the nationalisation of all public companies, in other words socia lisation, or what is known here as socia lism. … the basic principle of my Party’s economic programme should be made perfectly clear and that is the principle of authority… the good of the community takes priority over that of the individual. But the State should retain control; every owner should feel himself to be an agent of the State; it is his duty not to misuse his possessions to the detriment of the State or the interests of his fellow countrymen. That is the overriding point. The Third Reich will always retain the right to control property owners. If you say that the bourgeoisie is tearing its hair over the question of private property, that does not affect me in the least. Does the bourgeoisie expect some consideration from me?… Today’s bourgeoisie is rotten to the core; it has no ideals any more; all it wants to do is earn money and so it does me what damage it can. The bourgeois press does me damage too and would like to consign me and my movement to the devil.“
— Adolf Hit ler, Hitl er's interview with Richard Breiting, 1931, published in Edouard Calic, ed.,
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@Crispr_CAS9 "Doctrine of Fas cism, which stated that Fasc ism was a rejection of socia lism? "
They never said fas cism wants to reject socia lism. They specifically stated that fasci sm is the rejection of Ma rxist version of soci alism, the so called "class warfare".
"Such a conception of life makes Fascism the resolute negation of the doctrine underlying so-called scientific and Marxian socialism, the doctrine of historic materialism which would explain the history of mankind in terms of the class struggle and by changes in the processes and instruments of production, to the exclusion of all else."
Gentile in his other works, also specifically states that fas cism was born out of marx ism, national syndicalism and socia lism in general.
"It is necessary to distinguish between soci alism and soci alism—in fact, between idea and idea of the same soci alist conception, in order to distinguish among them those that are inimical to Fasc ism. It is well known that Sorellian syndicalism, out of which the thought and the political method of Fasci sm emerged—conceived itself the genuine interpretation of Marxi st commu nism. The dynamic conception of history, in which force as violence functions as an essential, is of unquestioned Ma rxist origin. Those notions flowed into other currents of contemporary thought, that have themselves, via alternative routes, arrived at a vindication of the form of State—implacable, but absolutely rational—that finds historic necessity in the very spiritual dynamism through which it realizes itself.“
— Giovanni Gentile , Che cosa è il fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche (“What is Fasci sm?”), Florence: Vallecchi, (1925)
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@Crispr_CAS9 ""Sorelian syndicalism" Which is not socialist. Sorel said socialism was dead."
It was yet another socialist ideology and Georges Sorel himself certainly was a socialist. As stated in Wiki:
"Politically he evolved from his early liberal-conservative positions towards Marxism, social-democracy, and eventually syndicalism. Between 1909 and 1910 he was marginally involved with Charles Maurras' Action Française, and between 1911 and 1913 he wrote for the politically transversal L'Indépendance, established together with Édouard Berth – one of Sorel's main disciples – and Georges Valois, closer to Maurrassian circles. After a long silence during the war, Sorel came out in favour of Lenin and moved towards Bolshevist positions until his death in 1922.
His legacy in the interwar period embraced both ends of the political spectrum, as many former syndicalists welcomed the emerging fascism. According to historian Zeev Sternhell, Sorel's revision of Marxism broke the necessity of the link between revolution and working class, opening up the possibility of replacing the proletariat with the national community"
And why he said "socialism was dead" was because he was referring to marxism, as stated in the Wiki:
"With the seeming failure of syndicalism, in 1910 he announced his abandonment of socialist literature and claimed in 1914, using an aphorism of Benedetto Croce that "socialism is dead" due to the "decomposition of Marxism"."
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@Crispr_CAS9 "Just a lie, and already addressed. Fail. Try again."
There is no lie. Those were the words of both Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile themselves. According to one of Mussolini's last speeches:
“Our programs are definitely equal to our revolutionary ideas and they belong to what in democratic regime is called “left”; our institutions are a direct result of our programs and our ideal is the Labor State. In this case there can be no doubt: we are the working class in struggle for life and death, against capitalism. We are the revolutionaries in search of a new order. If this is so, to invoke help from the bourgeoisie by waving the red peril is an absurdity. The real scarecrow, the real danger, the threat against which we fight relentlessly, comes from the right. It is not at all in our interest to have the capitalist bourgeoisie as an ally against the threat of the red peril, even at best it would be an unfaithful ally, which is trying to make us serve its ends, as it has done more than once with some success. I will spare words as it is totally superfluous. In fact, it is harmful, because it makes us confuse the types of genuine revolutionaries of whatever hue, with the man of reaction who sometimes uses our very language.”
- On April 22, 1945 Milan
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@Kamamura2 "You are perhaps confused by the name of the party - "national socialism" - but there was nothing socialist in his regime. "
First of all, Fascism and National Socialism were two completely different ideologies. Secondly, everything was socialist about both of these regimes and most importantly, their economy was based on socialism. Thirdly, regarding the name of the National Socialists, they chose the name because it represented what they were advocating for, that is, socialism on a national level instead of international.
"The first three principles were clear, and they are inseparable from each other. Socialism as the final concept of duty, the ethical duty of work, not just for oneself but also for one’s fellow man’s sake, and above all the principle: Common good before own good, a struggle against all parasitism and especially against easy and unearned income. And we were aware that in this fight we can rely on no one but our own people. We are convinced that socialism in the right sense will only be possible in nations and races that are Aryan, and there in the first place we hope for our own people and are convinced that socialism is inseparable from nationalism. (Loud applause)
To be nationalist does not mean for us to belong to one party or another, but to show with every action that one benefits the people; it means love for all the people without exception.From this point of view we will realize that it is necessary to preserve the most precious thing a people has, the sum of all active creative powers of its workers, to keep it healthy in body and soul.(Cheers) And this view of nationalism compels us to immediately form a front against its opposite, the Semitic conception of the idea of people (Volk), and especially against the Semitic concept of work. Since we are socialists, we must necessarily also be antisemites because we want to fight against the very opposite: materialism and mammonism. (Lively bravo!)
And when today the Jew still runs into our factories and says: How can you be a socialist antisemite? Are not you ashamed? – there comes a time in which we will ask: How can you not be an antisemite, being a socialist! (Hear, hear) There comes a time when it will be obvious that socialism can only be carried out accompanied by nationalism and antisemitism. The three concepts are inseparably connected. They are the foundations of our program and therefore we call ourselves National Socialists. (Cheers)"
— "Why We Are Anti-Semites" (August 15, 1920 speech in Munich at the Hofbräuhaus).
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Nothing to do with the embargo.
The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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@Moms_For_Tyranny : Wrong. Fascism had nothing to do with right wing of any kind whatsoever. On the contrary, it was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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@woodensurfer "Can you give some citations?"
"The Fas cist, on the other hand, conceives philosophy as a philosophy of practice (”praxis”). That concept was the product of certain Ma rxist and Sorel lian inspirations (many Fas cists and the Duce, himself, received their first intellectual education in the school of M arx and Sorel)—as well as the influence of contemporary Italian idealistic doctrines from which Fas cist mentality drew substance and achieved maturity.“
"It is necessary to distinguish between socia lism and socia lism—in fact, between idea and idea of the same socia list conception, in order to distinguish among them those that are inimical to Fasci sm. It is well known that Sore llian syndical ism, out of which the thought and the political method of Fas cism emerged—conceived itself the genuine interpretation of Ma rxist commu nism. The dynamic conception of history, in which force as violence functions as an essential, is of unquestioned Mar xist origin. Those notions flowed into other currents of contemporary thought, that have themselves, via alternative routes, arrived at a vindication of the form of State—implacable, but absolutely rational—that finds historic necessity in the very spiritual dynamism through which it realizes itself.“
— Giovanni Gentile, Che cosa è il fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche (“What is Fasc ism?”), Florence: Vallecchi, (1925) pp. 42-45, 47-48, 49-51, 56,Origins and Doctrine of Fa scism, A. James Gregor, translator and editor, Transaction Publishers, 2003, p. 59
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"Ultra-nationalism, extreme far-right, regimentation of society and economy, and state as the ends are certain features."
Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@UsmanArshad-qv5nt " Fascism's origin is based on the fear of Marxism or socialism which was inspired from neighbouring Soviet as people post WWI were frustrated with low wages and extreme exploitations at the hands of corporates. "
Fascism didn't "fear" Marxism. They specifically though that Marxism was doing socialism wrong, and that using National Syndicalism was the proper way to bring about a socialist society. Mussolini was one of the first to comingle the phrase fascism with syndicalism, remarking in the early 1920s that “Fascist syndicalism is national and productivistic… in a national society in which labor becomes a joy, an object of pride and a title to nobility.” Most Italian syndicalists viewed social revolution as a means for rapid transformation to provide “superior productivity,” and if this economic abundance failed to occur, there could be no meaningful social change. The emphasis by syndicalists towards the importance of “producerism” had been originally initiated by Sorel in 1907, who argued that “Marx considers that a revolution by a proletariat of producers who [have] acquired economic capacity.” When Carlo Cafiero developed a compendium for the initial volume of Capital in Italian, Marx reminded his colleague that “material conditions necessary for the emancipation of the proletariat” must be “spontaneously generated by the development of capitalism (den Gang der kapitalistischen Produktion).”
The support for the theory of producerism expanded among Fascist syndicalists after the conclusion of the Russian Civil War and transition from war communism showed high unemployment and an environment where “most of the mills and factories were at a standstill; mines and collieries were wrecked and flooded.”
After the introduction of the New Economic Policy (NEP), Italian syndicalists continued to move further away from orthodox Marxism, determined to revise it to fit the changing times and to embolden its strategic goals. They argued that the Russian Bolsheviks had failed to adhere to Engels’ 1850 admonition about the dangers of trying to establish a social revolution within an economically backwards environment. This drift had emerged years before the economic malaise of Soviet Russia, prompting most Italian syndicalists to transcend the errors and drawbacks that “they believed they found in orthodox Marxism.” Developed to bring about worker control of the means of production by direct action, the intellectuals of syndicalism came to the realization that Italy's primitive economy could facilitate neither equality nor abundance for society. Without a mature industry developed by the bourgeois, they came to understand that a successful social revolution required the support of “classless” revolutionaries. Mussolini, along with Italian syndicalists, Nationalists and Futurists, contended that those revolutionaries would be Fascists, not Marxists or some other ideology. According to Mussolini and other syndicalist theoreticians, Fascism would be “the socialism of ‘proletarian nations.’”
Fascist syndicalists also became preoccupied with the idea of increasing production instead of simply establishing a redistributive economic structure. Sergio Panunzio, a major theoretician of Italian Fascism and syndicalism, believed that Syndicalists were producerists, rather than distributionists. In his criticism of the Bolsheviks’ handling of their economy, Panunzio also asserted that Russian Soviet state had become a “dictatorship over the proletariat, and not of the proletariat.”
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@UsmanArshad-qv5nt "Mousilini and others never wanted socialism"
Wrong. They specifically did, and Mussolini himself was a devout socialist.
"For this I have been and am a socialist. The accusation of inconsistency has no foundation. My conduct has always been straight in the sense of looking at the substance of things and not to the form. I adapted socialisticamente to reality. As the evolution of society belied many of the prophecies of Marx, the true socialism folded from possible to probable. The only feasible socialism socialisticamente is corporatism, confluence, balance and justice interests compared to the collective interest. "
- As quoted in “Soliloquy for ‘freedom’ Trimellone island”, on the Italian Island of Trimelone, journalist Ivanoe Fossani, one of the last interviews of Mussolini, March 20, 1945,
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@UsmanArshad-qv5nt "Mousilini was never been a socialist by his actions and beliefs."
Wrong. Mussolini was always a socialist, by his actions, words and beliefs. He started out as a Marxist, and was accepted by his socialist peers as a Marxist theoretician. He rose to leadership in the Italian Socialist Party at least in part on the basis of his recognized capacity as a socialist intellectual. Then he understood that in order to have a socialist society, Marxism is not the proper way, which is why he turned to revolutionary National Syndicalism, which he adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel.
"I owe most to Georges Sorel. This master of syndicalism by his rough theories of revolutionary tactics has contributed most to form the discipline, energy and power of the fascist cohorts."
- As Quoted in The New Inquisitions: Heretic-Hunting and the Intellectual Origins of Modern Totalitarianism, Arthur Versluis, Oxford University Press (2006)
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@TRivera13 Wrong definition. Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@maxfan1591 Wrong. They were far-left socialists.
The fact that the capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alternative of Marxism or Nazism, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marxists. Capitalists don't like to be killed any more than other people do.
Nazis believed, just like the Fascists, that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society.
They were politically, socially and econo mically anti-cons ervative, since they didn't want to preserve the status quo nor did they want to bring back Monarchy / Kaiser. The conservatives thought Hitler would end the Republic and bring back Mon archy and Kaiser. They were wrong.
Hitler's point was that Marxism must be rejected NOT because it is soci alist, but because it is in cahoots with international finance capital. In fact, Hitler thought the Marxists were INSINCERE about their socialism. This being-in-cahoots of capitalism and Marxism (through the Je ws) is the MAIN point made in Mein Kampf. And is the reason why, for the Nazis, socialism had to become nationalist. That socialism had to become nationalist, did not, however, mean that it went right-wing.
Owning property was made conditional and private property rights were abolished with the Reichstag fire decree on February 28, 1933. The Nazis suspended a number of articles of the Weimar Constitution; Among these were Article 115 and Article 153. Article 115 said: "The dwelling of every German is his sanctuary and is inviolable. Exceptions may be imposed by authority of law." Article 153 also guaranteed property. Obviously, they did not confiscate everyone's property, however all property always could be confiscated by the state and a certain amount was. Industry was divided into 13 sectors and placed under the control of the state.
They nationalized unions into one single nation wide union known as the Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF, or German La bor Front). The DAF created a single overarching labor union. Essentially all German workers and employees in every economic sector belonged to the DAF. For example, far mers were coordinated into the Reich Food Estate. While traditional unions prioritized workers’ rights, the DAF emphasized national economic goals above personal well-being.
Under the newly created German Labor Front (DAF), the Nazis set high wages, overtime pay was generous, and dismissal of workers by employers was difficult to execute, but inflation and stricter labor laws eroded much of that advantage.
It was a well known fact before and during the war, that Hitler's National Socialist party was an alternative, socialist school of thought which rejected the marxist version of socialism, and capitalism respectively... hence they called themselves a 3rd position.
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"It was made from the beginning to protect the existing authority (rich, royal)"
Actually, Fascism was strictly against any kind of royalty and monarchy. Fascism was made to protect the nation, and the State apparatus itself.
"Anti-individualistic, the Fascist conception of life stresses the importance of the State and accepts the individual only in so far as his interests coincide with those of the State, which stands for the conscience and the universal, will of man as a historic entity. It is opposed to classical liberalism which arose as a reaction to absolutism and exhausted its historical function when the State became the expression of the conscience and will of the people. Liberalism denied the State in the name of the individual; Fascism reasserts The rights of the State as expressing the real essence of the individual. And if liberty is to he the attribute of living men and not of abstract dummies invented by individualistic liberalism, then Fascism stands for liberty, and for the only liberty worth having, the liberty of the State and of the individual within the State. The Fascist conception of the State is all embracing; outside of it no human or spiritual values can exist, much less have value. Thus understood, Fascism, is totalitarian, and the Fascist State - a synthesis and a unit inclusive of all values - interprets, develops, and potentates the whole life of a people."
- the Doctrine of Fascism
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@Cancun_Cruz "Mar xism wants to eliminate private property and fasci sm protects private property."
Incorrect. Fa scis m doesn't pro tect priv ate prop erty, it wants to co ntrol it via the Sta te and will seize it if necessary. After all, Mussolini nationalized 75% of the Italian Economy.
"The Fa scist Sta te directs and cont rols the entreprene urs, whether it be in our fisheri es or in our heavy industry in the Val d'Aosta. There the St ate actually ow ns the mines and carries on transport, for the railw ays are state prop erty. So are many of the fac ories… We term it state interv ention… If anythi ng fails to work pro perly, the Sta te intervenes. The capitalists will go on doing what they are told, do wn to the very end. They have no option and cannot put up any fight. Cap ital is not Go d; it is only a mea ns to an end.“
— Ben ito Muss olini , As quoted in Talks with Muss olini, Emil Ludwig, Boston, MA, Little, Brown and Company (1933), pp. 153-154, Interview took place between March 23 and April 4, 1932 1930s
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"Fascism is hyperpatriotic ultra-nationalistic militant right-wing populism."
Except Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@robertl4824 : "Hitler was sent to spy on a tiny RIGHT-WING political party called the DAP, the German Workers Party. "
DAP wasn't right wing in any way. One of the mistakes in the video.
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@robertl4824 : "He eventually became its leader changing its name to the National Socialist German Workers Party in an effort to win over those on the moderate left." (in other words: "socialist" was a ruse.)"
Wrong. They changed the name because it signified what they were advocating for; socialism on a national level. Hitler was very open about this, it wasn't a secret.
“But we National Socialists wish precisely to attract all socialists, even the Communists; we wish to win them over from their international camp to the national one.”
— Adolf Hitler , Memoirs of a Confidant (1978), p. 26
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@robertl4824 : "their “socialism” was at best a secondary element in their appeal."
Wrong. It was socialism. Nazi Germany had a centralized and planned economy similar to the USSR under Stalin. Government controlled the means of production and also decided what was to be produced, in what quantity, by what methods, and to whom it was to be distributed, as well as what prices would be charged and what wages would be paid. This is what we call a Command economy nowadays, part of the socialist economic system.
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@robertl4824 : " they saw it as an enemy of and an alternative to the political left."
They saw it as an enemy to marxism and capitalism. National Socialism was specifically classified as a 3rd position movement because of it.
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@robertl4824 : "Instead of controlling the means of production or redistributing wealth to build a utopian society, the Nazis focused on safeguarding a social and racial hierarchy."
They specifically controlled the means of production and believed in the socialization of the German people into a harmonious racial community free from exploitation.
"Germany's economic policy is conducted exclusively in accordance with the interests of the German people. In this respect I am a fanatical socialist, one who has ever in mind the interests of all his people."
Speech on the 21st Anniversary of the National Socialist Party (24 February 1941)
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@robertl4824 : "Yes, Mussolini had been a socialist early during the First World War, but broke with his comrades to support Italian expansionism, and then formed his fascist party to crush them."
Wrong. Mussolini started out as a Marxist, and stopped being one after getting kicked from the Italian Socialist Party. However even according to his own words, he never stopped being a socialist.
“Do not believe, even for a moment, that by stripping me of my membership card you do the same to my Socialist beliefs, nor that you would restrain me of continuing to work in favor of Socialism and of the Revolution.”
— Benito Mussolini Speech at the Italian Socialist Party’s meeting in Milan at the People’s Theatre on Nov. 25, 1914.
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@robertl4824 : "When Hitler took over the party in 1921, he shredded the anti-capitalist parts of the old party's platform."
Wrong. He didn't. Hitler specifically said in many of his speeches, that they are against capitalism and that they are proud socialists.
"Socialism as the final concept of duty, the ethical duty of work, not just for oneself but also for one's fellow man's sake, and above all the principle: Common good before own good, a struggle against all parasitism and especially against easy and unearned income. And we were aware that in this fight we can rely on no one but our own people. We are convinced that socialism in the right sense will only be possible in nations and races that are Aryan, and there in the first place we hope for our own people and are convinced that socialism is inseparable from nationalism ... Since we are socialists, we must necessarily also be antisemites because we want to fight against the very opposite: materialism and mammonism... How can you not be an antisemite, being a socialist!"
"Why We Are Anti-Semites," August 15, 1920 speech in Munich at the Hofbräuhaus.
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@robertl4824 : "The "socialism" in the name National Socialism was a strategically chosen misnomer designed to attract working class votes where possible, but they refused to take the bait."
Still wrong. The name signified what they were advocating for; socialism on a national level. Hitler was very open about this, it wasn't a secret.
“But we National Socialists wish precisely to attract all socialists, even the Communists; we wish to win them over from their international camp to the national one.”
— Adolf Hitler , Memoirs of a Confidant (1978), p. 26
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@robertl4824 : "The minority anti-capitalist strand of Nazism (Strasserism) on which van Onselen fastens was eliminated well before 1934, when Gregor Strasser and the Storm Trooper (SA) leader Ernst Roehm were murdered with over eighty others in the "Night of the Long Knives.""
The Night of the Long Knives had nothing to do with capitalism nor socialism for that matter. It was about the internal power struggle between Hitler and Röhm. Regarding Strasser, what made him and Hitler have a falling out was not that Hitler was secretly a capitalism supporter. It was, as written in the text by Strasser titled "The socialists leave the NSDAP", that he did not approve of Hitlers imperial "Lebensraum" policies and considered National Socialism to be a non-expansionist movement.
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@robertl4824 : "By early May 1933, the trade unions had been destroyed. "
Wrong. They were nationalized and merged into one single nation wide union known as the Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF, or German Labor Front). The DAF created a single overarching labor union. Essentially all German workers and employees in every economic sector belonged to the DAF. For example, farmers were coordinated into the Reich Food Estate. While traditional unions prioritized workers’ rights, the DAF emphasized national economic goals above personal well-being.
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@robertl4824 : "For their part, businesses welcomed the Nazis' promises to suppress the left."
The fact that the capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alternative of Marxism or Nazism, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marxists. Capitalists don't like to be killed any more than other people do. Whatever the Nazi's promised, it never happened and this was also noted by the Time magazine.
"Most cruel joke of all, however, has been played by Hitler & Co. on those German capitalists and small businessmen who once backed National Socialism as a means of saving Germany's bourgeois economic structure from radicalism. The Nazi credo that the individual belongs to the state also applies to business. Some businesses have been confiscated outright, on others what amounts to a capital tax has been levied. Profits have been strictly controlled. Some idea of the increasing Governmental control and interference in business could be deduced from the fact that 80% of all building and 50% of all industrial orders in Germany originated last year with the Government. Hard-pressed for foodstuffs as well as funds, the Nazi regime has taken over large estates and in many instances collectivized agriculture, a procedure fundamentally similar to Russian Communism."
"Adolf Hitler: Man of the Year, 1938", Time; January 2, 1939.
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Socialism is an economic system where the collective (such as workers, guilds, the government etc.) either directly own or control the buildings and tools that make goods and services like farms and factories. This can be achieved through decentralized and direct worker-ownership, or through centralized state-ownership or control of the means of production. Nazis had the latter.
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@maxfan1591 Wrong. They were far-left socialists.
The fact that the capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alternative of Marxism or Nazism, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marxists. Capitalists don't like to be killed any more than other people do.
Nazis believed, just like the Fascists, that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society.
They were politically, socially and econo mically anti-cons ervative, since they didn't want to preserve the sta tus quo nor did they want to bring back Monarchy / Kaiser. The conservatives thought Hitler would end the Republic and bring back Mon archy and Kaiser. They were wrong.
Hitler's point was that Marxism must be rejected NOT because it is soci alist, but because it is in cahoots with inter national finance capital. In fact, Hitler thought the Marxists were INSINCERE about their socialism. This being-in-cahoots of capitalism and Marxism (through the Je ws) is the M AIN point made in Mein Kampf. And is the reason why, for the Nazis, socialism had to become nationalist. That socialism had to become nationalist, did not, however, mean that it went right-wing.
Owning prop erty was made conditi onal and private property rights were abolished with the Reich stag fire decree on February 28, 1933. The Na zis suspended a number of articles of the Weimar Constitution; Among these were Article 115 and Article 153. Article 115 said: "The dw elling of every Ger man is his sanctuary and is inviolable. Exceptions may be imposed by authority of law." Article 153 also guaranteed property. Obvio usly, they did not confis cate everyone's prop erty, however all pro perty always could be confiscated by the state and a certain amount was. Industry was divided into 13 sectors and placed under the control of the state.
They nationalized unions into one single nation wide union known as the Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF, or German La bor Front). The DAF created a single overarching labor union. Essentially all German workers and employees in every economic sector belonged to the DAF. For example, far mers were coordinated into the Reich Food Estate. While traditional unions prioritized workers’ rights, the DAF emphasized national economic goals above personal well-being.
Under the newly created German Labor Front (DAF), the Na zis set high wages, overtime pay was generous, and dismissal of workers by employers was difficult to execute, but inflation and stricter labor laws eroded much of that advantage.
It was a well known fact before and during the war, that Hi tler's National Soci alist party was an alter native, socialist school of thought which rejected the marxist version of socialism, and capitalism respectively... hence they called themselves a 3rd position.
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@TenebrisNatus "The core of fascist ideology is anti socialism, "
Wrong. Fascism was never anti-socialist. They were specifically anti-Marxist. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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ba1 "Fa scism wasn't soci alism. "
Wrong. It was. Again, fasci sm was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist social ism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose wasn't the promotion of private interest, but the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
Ideologically, where the Fas cists diverged from the Marxi sts was in their rejection of the narrative of class warfare, which they saw as utterly repudiated by the behavior of "the proletariat" during World War I, where rather than join together in a mutual overthrow of capitalism, the working class of each country stayed in lockstep with national loyalties and slaughtered their supposed foreign class brethren. Both the Fas cists and Marx ists despised Liberalism, and saw it as having a perverse role in atomizing the individual from society. Mussolini's favored intellectual, Giovanni Gentile, freely acknowledged Fas cism' kinship with Marxism through Sorellian Syndicalism.
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ba1 "Gentile's "The Origins of fascist ideology""
Gentile specifically says that fascism is a form of socialism.
"The Fascist, on the other hand, conceives philosophy as a philosophy of practice (”praxis”). That concept was the product of certain Marxist and Sorellian inspirations (many Fascists and the Duce, himself, received their first intellectual education in the school of Marx and Sorel)—as well as the influence of contemporary Italian idealistic doctrines from which Fascist mentality drew substance and achieved maturity.“
"It is necessary to distinguish between socia lism and soci alism—in fact, between idea and idea of the same socialist conception, in order to distinguish among them those that are inimical to Fasc ism. It is well known that Sorellian syndicalism, out of which the thought and the political method of Fascism emerged—conceived itself the genuine interpretation of Marxist communism. The dynamic conception of history, in which force as violence functions as an essential, is of unquestioned Marxist origin. Those notions flowed into other currents of contemporary thought, that have themselves, via alternative routes, arrived at a vindication of the form of State—implacable, but absolutely rational—that finds historic necessity in the very spiritual dynamism through which it realizes itself.“
— Giovanni Gentile , Che cosa è il fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche (“What is Fas cism?”), Florence: Vallecchi, (1925) pp. 42-45, 47-48, 49-51, 56, Origins and Doctrine of Fascism, A. James Gregor, translator and editor, Transaction Publishers, 2003, p. 59
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@bfkc111 "If you get hung up on the "socialism" part you may ignore that back then this wasn't much used as a scare yet,"
They had socialism in their name, because they advocated for socialism on a national level. Simple as that. They were very vocal and clear about it.
"The first three principles were clear, and they are inseparable from each other. Socialism as the final concept of duty, the ethical duty of work, not just for oneself but also for one’s fellow man’s sake, and above all the principle: Common good before own good, a struggle against all parasitism and especially against easy and unearned income. And we were aware that in this fight we can rely on no one but our own people. We are convinced that socialism in the right sense will only be possible in nations and races that are Aryan, and there in the first place we hope for our own people and are convinced that socialism is inseparable from nationalism.
To be nationalist does not mean for us to belong to one party or another, but to show with every action that one benefits the people; it means love for all the people without exception.From this point of view we will realize that it is necessary to preserve the most precious thing a people has, the sum of all active creative powers of its workers, to keep it healthy in body and soul. And this view of nationalism compels us to immediately form a front against its opposite, the Semitic conception of the idea of people (Volk), and especially against the Semitic concept of work. Since we are socialists, we must necessarily also be antisemites because we want to fight against the very opposite: materialism and mammonism.
And when today the Jew still runs into our factories and says: How can you be a socialist antisemite? Are not you ashamed? – there comes a time in which we will ask: How can you not be an antisemite, being a socialist! There comes a time when it will be obvious that socialism can only be carried out accompanied by nationalism and antisemitism. The three concepts are inseparably connected. They are the foundations of our program and therefore we call ourselves National Socialists."
— "Why We Are Anti-Semites" (August 15, 1920 speech in Munich at the Hofbräuhaus).
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Wrong. Nothing to do with the embargo.
The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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@gary2kr1 " Fascism is a direct inevitable reaction to capitalism."
Wrong. Fascism was a reaction to failing Marxism under Lenin, which made many turn into syndicalism. Mussolini was one of the first to comingle the phrase fascism with syndicalism, remarking in the early 1920s that “Fascist syndicalism is national and productivistic… in a national society in which labor becomes a joy, an object of pride and a title to nobility.” Most Italian syndicalists viewed social revolution as a means for rapid transformation to provide “superior productivity,” and if this economic abundance failed to occur, there could be no meaningful social change. The emphasis by syndicalists towards the importance of “producerism” had been originally initiated by Sorel in 1907, who argued that “Marx considers that a revolution by a proletariat of producers who [have] acquired economic capacity.” When Carlo Cafiero developed a compendium for the initial volume of Capital in Italian, Marx reminded his colleague that “material conditions necessary for the emancipation of the proletariat” must be “spontaneously generated by the development of capitalism (den Gang der kapitalistischen Produktion).”
The support for the theory of producerism expanded among Fascist syndicalists after the conclusion of the Russian Civil War and transition from war communism showed high unemployment and an environment where “most of the mills and factories were at a standstill; mines and collieries were wrecked and flooded.”
After the introduction of the New Economic Policy (NEP), Italian syndicalists continued to move further away from orthodox Marxism, determined to revise it to fit the changing times and to embolden its strategic goals. They argued that the Russian Bolsheviks had failed to adhere to Engels’ 1850 admonition about the dangers of trying to establish a social revolution within an economically backwards environment. This drift had emerged years before the economic malaise of Soviet Russia, prompting most Italian syndicalists to transcend the errors and drawbacks that “they believed they found in orthodox Marxism.” Developed to bring about worker control of the means of production by direct action, the intellectuals of syndicalism came to the realization that Italy's primitive economy could facilitate neither equality nor abundance for society. Without a mature industry developed by the bourgeois, they came to understand that a successful social revolution required the support of “classless” revolutionaries. Mussolini, along with Italian syndicalists, Nationalists and Futurists, contended that those revolutionaries would be Fascists, not Marxists or some other ideology. According to Mussolini and other syndicalist theoreticians, Fascism would be “the socialism of ‘proletarian nations.’”
Fascist syndicalists also became preoccupied with the idea of increasing production instead of simply establishing a redistributive economic structure. Sergio Panunzio, a major theoretician of Italian Fascism and syndicalism, believed that Syndicalists were producerists, rather than distributionists. In his criticism of the Bolsheviks’ handling of their economy, Panunzio also asserted that Russian Soviet state had become a “dictatorship over the proletariat, and not of the proletariat.”
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@gary2kr1 "the cult of traditionalism"
Not just any traditionalism. The whole point was to emulate the Roman Empire, where the State apparatus would be Caesar.
"Fascism means, in fact, the return to Order, to Authority, to Law; the return to the Roman conception of human Society, conception which those centuries of oblivion could obscure but never efface. ... Fascism is, in other words, intimately connected to Roman; its mission is the continuation of the mission of Rome; its heritage is the legacy of Rome. ...There are some things Rome symbolized in the golden age of its glory which were and still are of supreme significance to mankind; things of the spirit of an eternal and absolute value which Fascism wants restored to their rightful supremacy."
- the Philosophy of Fascism, Mario Palmieri, 1936
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"Samuel Rosander: Also, when someone tries to push the narrative that fascism is "a form of socialism (but..but..not the MARXIST form)," or other nonsense about how fascism is in any way a left-leaning system or doctrine...ask them what, EXACTLY, it has that distinguishes it as such. Not just one or two things it has in common, or the common claim that "fascism was born from socialism" (it was, but primitive communism was the first form of government, and all other forms were "born" from that, yet monarchy and other anti-communal forms of government are not forms of communism, primitive or otherwise), but structurally and ideologically, what puts it into the category that they claim."
Fascism was a political and economic system that rejected capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and communism, in which the means of production were organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism. Fascism was one of the branches of socialism, which advocated for centralized/planned economy, big government and government control over economy, businesses and people's personal liberties such as private property. Fascism opposed liberal capitalism, but also international socialism, hence the concept of a “third way,” their centralized economic policies obeyed collectivist and socialist principles, openly opposing capitalism and the free market, favoring nationalism and autarchy.
You won't be able to understand fascism without first understanding corporatism, syndicalism, and socialism, because fascism is essentially a combination of those three philosophies. Fascism is an extension of Marxist philosophy. Giovanni Gentile, who was a student of Karl Marx, concluded that Marxism was an untenable philosophy to base a new government on, therefore using Marxist philosophy as a base, he evolved the concept into a more centralized organization where the government was the center of all authority. So Fascism is based on the idea that the Government are the People and the call to Nationalism is actually a call to the authority of the Government.
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"Samuel Rosander: For example, all branches of socialism (not just Marxian) have, at their core, which is to say, THE BASIS OF THEIR DOCTRINE THAT DEFINES THEM AS SOCIALIST, communal democracy and some degree of mutualism. Ask them to explain why fascism falls into that category, particularly when Mussolini explicitly said that fascism is anti-democratic and places everyone as subservient to the (totalitarian, per his words) state."
Socialism has nothing to do with democracy. Socialism is an economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole. Or simply, it advocates for public rather than private ownership or control of property and natural resources. Society as a whole, therefore, should own or at least control property for the benefit of all its members.
"Some still ask of us: what do you want? We answer with three words that summon up our entire program. Here they are…Italy, Republic, Socialization... Socialization is no other than the implantation of Italian Socialism…“
— Benito Mussolini, Speech given by Mussolini to a group of Milanese Fascist veterans (October 14, 1944)
The philosopher behind Mussolini's ideology, Giovanni Gentile, believed that all private action should be oriented to serve society. He was against individualism, for him there was no distinction between private and public interest. In his economic postulates, he defended compulsory state corporatism, wanting to impose an autarkic state (basically the same recipe that Hitler would use years later). A basic aspect of Gentile’s logic is that liberal democracy was harmful because it was focused on the individual which led to selfishness. He defended “true democracy” in which the individual should be subordinated to the State. In that sense, he promoted planned economies in which it was the government that determined what, how much, and how to produce.
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@bogdanzivkovic8711 : Wrong. You have no clue what you are talking about.
The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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@akastewart "Additionally, if you believe Liberalism is far-right, where do you believe Fascism sits relative to that?"
Fascism was adjacent to Marxism, on its right side, since it was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@QuantumTelephone "but fascism is an inherently right wing form of governance."
Wrong. Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. It was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev
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Wrong.
The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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Wrong.
The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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@Gump1405 "worker movements, unions and worker rights."
Not really. They nationalized all of them. In Germany everything was brought under the DAF while in Italy, they were separated to different nationalized syndicates. Either way, both Hitler and Mussolini were simply imitating Lenin, who had earlier closed down all independent labor associations, factory committees and worker cooperatives, banned strikes, walkouts, and lockouts. Lenin even forced workers to work a slavish 80-hour week. After the Bolsheviks banned all labor unions, one unionist “described the unions as ‘living corpses.’” Any Russian worker who participated in general strikes was arrested, imprisoned or shot. Under Lenin’s regime, workers had no real representation or bargaining rights and were treated like industrial serfs who were chained to their factories. Although Hitler and Mussolini followed Lenin’s nationalizing craze, their treatment of workers did not mimic their Russian counterparts.
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"to define fascism as being an ideology of the left ... Nothing could be further from the truth. "
You are wrong. It is a historical fact that Fascism was an ideology of the Left, Far-Left in fact. It was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@romanempire8370 "Taking inspiration from Soreal, which according to you is marxist (which contradicts your acknowledgement of Fascist opposition to marxism btw)"
Sorel's revision of Marxism broke the necessity of the link between revolution and working class, opening up the possibility of replacing the proletariat with the national community. Many revolutionary syndicalists followed Sorel and his Sorelian socialism towards the allure of a radical nationalism after he praised Maurras and displayed his sympathies for French integral nationalism in 1909. The appeal that Charles Maurras presented was his nationalistic approach against bourgeois democracy, the Enlightenment, and "its liberalism, its individualism, and its conception of society as an aggregate of individuals." This trend continued and by 1911, revolutionary syndicalists had acknowledged that two important political currents had come together, forging "a new nationalism and revolutionary socialism." This coalescence finally surfaced as a major facet of Italian Fascism, where Mussolini himself confessed: "What I am, I owe to Sorel." This integration of syndicalism with nationalism was a factor in why Italian revolutionary syndicalism became the backbone of fascist ideology.
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@WanderingExistence "Soc ialis ts? Have you read the Doctrine of Fa scis m?"
Yes, and additional writings from Giova nni Gen tile. He makes it very clear that fa scis m was a so cial ist ideology sourced from ma rxis m and sore lian syndic alism.
"The F asci st, on the other hand, conceives philosophy as a philosophy of prac tice (”praxis”). That concept was the product of certain Mar xist and Sore llian inspirations (many Fasci sts and the Duce, himself, received their first intellectual education in the school of Ma rx and So rel)—as well as the influence of contemporary Italian idealistic doctrines from which Fas cist mentality drew substance and achieved maturity.“
"It is necessary to distinguish between soci alism and socia lism—in fact, between idea and idea of the same social ist conception, in order to distinguish among them those that are inimical to Fasc ism. It is well known that Sorel lian syndic alism, out of which the thought and the political method of Fas cism emerged—conceived itself the genuine interpretation of Marx ist comm unism. The dynamic conception of history, in which force as violence functions as an essential, is of unquestioned Mar xist origin. Those notions flowed into other currents of contem porary thought, that have themselves, via alternative routes, arrived at a vindication of the form of St ate—implacable, but absolutely rational—that finds historic necessity in the very spiritual dynamism through which it realizes itself.“
— Giovanni Gentile, “The Philosophy of Fasc ism,” first published in English in the Spectator, November 1928. Reprinted in Origins and Doctrine of Fas cism, A. James Gregor, translator and editor, Transaction Publishers (2003)
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@WanderingExistence "In 1934 there was a pur ge called The Nig ht of the Long Kn ives, in which soci alist fasc ists, like Otto Stras ser (who was earlier exiled in 1930), and other people less loyal to his cause where purged. "
The Nig ht of the Lo ng Kni ves had nothing to do with socialism actually. It was all about the internal power struggle between Hi tler and Ernst Röhm.
By 1934, the main threat to Hit ler’s continued control of the govern ment came from within the N azi Par ty, specifically the SA. SA men were eager to punish enemies and cash in on the Na zi takeover. Their violence and intimidation was met with increasing public disapproval. To reassure the nation, Hit ler announced that the revolutionary phase of the “national uprising” had ended. Among the SA, however, there was talk of a second revolution. This was to be led by SA commander Ernst Röhm. By this time, the SA had 4.5 million members. It far outnumbered the Reic hswehr, Germany’s armed forces. Röhm made no secret of his desire to subordinate the military to the SA. In June 1934, Germany's generals made clear to Hit ler that he had to tame the SA or face a military coup.
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@maxfan1591 "Big business supported the Nazis. "
They didn't really. Also the fact that some capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alternative of Marxism or Nazism, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marxists. Capitalists don't like to be killed any more than other people do.
"Most cruel joke of all, however, has been played by Hitler & Co. on those German capitalists and small businessmen who once backed National Socialism as a means of saving Germany's bourgeois economic structure from radicalism. The Nazi credo that the individual belongs to the state also applies to business. Some businesses have been confiscated outright, on others what amounts to a capital tax has been levied. Profits have been strictly controlled. Some idea of the increasing Governmental control and interference in business could be deduced from the fact that 80% of all building and 50% of all industrial orders in Germany originated last year with the Government. Hard-pressed for foodstuffs as well as funds, the Nazi regime has taken over large estates and in many instances collectivized agriculture, a procedure fundamentally similar to Russian Communism."
"Adolf Hitler: Man of the Year, 1938", Time; January 2, 1939.
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@maxfan1591 "They suppressed unions, outlawed strikes and collective bargaining, and kept wages low. "
So did every socialist regime. In fact, Hitler was simply imitating Lenin, who had earlier closed down all independent labor associations, factory committees and worker cooperatives, banned strikes, walkouts, and lockouts. Lenin even forced workers to work a slavish 80-hour week. After the Bolsheviks banned all labor unions, one unionist “described the unions as ‘living corpses.’” Any Russian worker who participated in general strikes was arrested, imprisoned or shot. Under Lenin’s regime, workers had no real representation or bargaining rights and were treated like industrial serfs who were chained to their factories. Although Hitler followed Lenin’s nationalizing craze, his treatment of workers did not mimic their Russian counterparts.
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The definition of Fascism; totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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The embargo does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not dictate that the cows are state property, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The embargo did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The embargo is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;"
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"In the name of saving society from the Red Menace, unions and strikes were outlawed ... Minimum wage laws, overtime pay, and factory safety regulations were abolished."
And? Hitler and Mussolini were simply imitating Lenin, who had earlier closed down all independent labor associations, factory committees and worker cooperatives, banned strikes, walkouts, and lockouts. Lenin even forced workers to work a slavish 80-hour week. After the Bolsheviks banned all labor unions, one unionist “described the unions as ‘living corpses.’” Any Russian worker who participated in general strikes was arrested, imprisoned or shot. Under Lenin’s regime, workers had no real representation or bargaining rights and were treated like industrial serfs who were chained to their factories. Although Hitler and Mussolini followed Lenin’s nationalizing craze, their treatment of workers did not mimic their Russian counterparts.
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@maxfan1591 Wrong. They were far-left socialists.
The fact that the capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alternative of Marxism or Nazism, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marxists. Capitalists don't like to be killed any more than other people do.
Nazis believed, just like the Fascists, that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society.
They were politically, socially and economically anti-conservative, since they didn't want to preserve the status quo nor did they want to bring back Monarchy / Kaiser. The conservatives thought Hitler would end the Republic and bring back Monarchy and Kaiser. They were wrong.
Hitler's point was that Marxism must be rejected NOT because it is socialist, but because it is in cahoots with international finance capital. In fact, Hitler thought the Marxists were INSINCERE about their socialism. This being-in-cahoots of capitalism and Marxism (through the Jews) is the MAIN point made in Mein Kampf. And is the reason why, for the Nazis, socialism had to become nationalist. That socialism had to become nationalist, did not, however, mean that it went right-wing.
Owning property was made conditional and private property rights were abolished with the Reichstag fire decree on February 28, 1933. The Nazis suspended a number of articles of the Weimar Constitution; Among these were Article 115 and Article 153. Article 115 said: "The dwelling of every German is his sanctuary and is inviolable. Exceptions may be imposed by authority of law." Article 153 also guaranteed property. Obviously, they did not confiscate everyone's property, however all property always could be confiscated by the state and a certain amount was. Industry was divided into 13 sectors and placed under the control of the state.
They nationalized unions into one single nation wide union known as the Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF, or German Labor Front). The DAF created a single overarching labor union. Essentially all German workers and employees in every economic sector belonged to the DAF. For example, farmers were coordinated into the Reich Food Estate. While traditional unions prioritized workers’ rights, the DAF emphasized national economic goals above personal well-being.
Under the newly created German Labor Front (DAF), the Nazis set high wages, overtime pay was generous, and dismissal of workers by employers was difficult to execute, but inflation and stricter labor laws eroded much of that advantage.
It was a well known fact before and during the war, that Hitler's National Socialist party was an alternative, socialist school of thought which rejected the marxist version of socialism, and capitalism respectively... hence they called themselves a 3rd position.
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"Fasc ism is complicated."
No, not really. Fasc ism was a totalitarian far-left, socia list ideology based on national syndicalism. It was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose wasn't the promotion of private interest, but the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
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Wrong.
The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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@rullvardi : Fascism was based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@rullvardi "far-right framework characterized by extreme nationalism, authoritarianism, and rejection of egalitarianism."
None of those things are within the Far-Right framework. If we agree that Far-Left is characterized by socialism and collectivism in general, then logic dictates, that in return the Far-Right is characterized by capitalism and individualism. Therefore, people on the right believe that the best outcome for society is achieved when individual rights and civil liberties are paramount (individualism) and the role — and especially the power — of the government is minimized.
All that which limits individual power and increases group power is on the left.
All that which limits group power and gives civil freedoms and liberties to individuals is on the right.
Nationalism is a form of collectivism, and not advocated by the Right. In all Right wing ideologies, the Individual is superior to the State. In Leftist and especially in socialist ideologies the collective (such as the State) is superior to the individual.
While authoritarianism can happen on both sides, it certainly is utilized more by collectivist and socialist ideologies, who need to make sure that the "common good" of their group is prioritized over individuals and their profits for example. You rarely need authoritarianism to force people to live how they want to live, as long as they do not violate other's rights to do the same.
Egalitarianism, i.e. concept of social equality, for all people, has never been advocated by the Left either. They have always advocated for equity and prioritizing their own specific group over others. Marxism is a perfect example of this, since they only prioritize the proletarians and want to eliminate the "bourgeoisie" entirely. Meanwhile the Right certainly advocates equality of opportunity, and under the rule of law, i.e. that people deserve equal rights (Classical Liberalism).
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@maxfan1591 Wrong. They were far-left socialists.
The fact that the capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alternative of Marxism or Nazism, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marxists. Capitalists don't like to be killed any more than other people do.
Nazis believed, just like the Fascists, that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society.
They were politically, socially and economically anti-conservative, since they didn't want to preserve the status quo nor did they want to bring back Monarchy / Kaiser. The conservatives thought Hitler would end the Republic and bring back Monarchy and Kaiser. They were wrong.
Hitler's point was that Marxism must be rejected NOT because it is socialist, but because it is in cahoots with international finance capital. In fact, Hitler thought the Marxists were INSINCERE about their socialism. This being-in-cahoots of capitalism and Marxism (through the Je ws) is the MAIN point made in Mein Kampf. And is the reason why, for the Nazis, socialism had to become nationalist. That socialism had to become nationalist, did not, however, mean that it went right-wing.
Owning property was made conditional and private property rights were abolished with the Reichstag fire decree on February 28, 1933. The Nazis suspended a number of articles of the Weimar Constitution; Among these were Article 115 and Article 153. Article 115 said: "The dwelling of every German is his sanctuary and is inviolable. Exceptions may be imposed by authority of law." Article 153 also guaranteed property. Obviously, they did not confiscate everyone's property, however all property always could be confiscated by the state and a certain amount was. Industry was divided into 13 sectors and placed under the control of the state.
They nationalized unions into one single nation wide union known as the Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF, or German La bor Front). The DAF created a single overarching labor union. Essentially all German workers and employees in every economic sector belonged to the DAF. For example, far mers were coordinated into the Reich Food Estate. While traditional unions prioritized workers’ rights, the DAF emphasized national economic goals above personal well-being.
Under the newly created German Labor Front (DAF), the Nazis set high wages, overtime pay was generous, and dismissal of workers by employers was difficult to execute, but inflation and stricter labor laws eroded much of that advantage.
It was a well known fact before and during the war, that Hitler's National Socialist party was an alternative, socialist school of thought which rejected the marxist version of socialism, and capitalism respectively... hence they called themselves a 3rd position.
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@TenebrisNatus "The core of fascist ideology is anti socialism, "
Wrong. Fascism was never anti-socialist. They were specifically anti-Marxist. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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"But because of the painful punishing sanctions US had imposed on it since it freed itself from its corrupted oligarchs."
Sanctions do not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
Sanctions do not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
Sanctions do not not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
Sanctions did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
Sanctions are not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
Sanctions are not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
Sanctions are not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
Sanctions are not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
Sanctions are not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
Sanctions are not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
Sanctions are not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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@kaantax8666
The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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Socialism; an economic system where the collective (such as workers, guilds, syndicates, unions, the government etc.) either directly own or control the buildings and tools that make goods and services like farms and factories. This can be achieved through decentralized and direct worker-ownership, or through centralized state-ownership or control of the means of production.
Fascism; totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism). Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State." As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
Communism; Socialist, Collectivist and Anarchist society, without a central government, classes and money. The end goal of Marxism.
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@communistmole : Well, Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@itcouldbelupus2842 : That actually is not so cialis m per se, that is M arxis m. Soc iali sm is a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole. It does not care nor specify who should control the system. Only Ma rxi sm cares about the workers specifically controlling the means of production. Tot alita rian so ciali sm makes sense, because in order for any kind of soc ial ism to work, it needs to be enforced, which leads to soc iali zing / natio nali zing everything.
I already explained why fa scis m is le ft win g, because it is a form of so ciali sm. Again, fas cis m opposed liberal ca pitali sm, but also international soc iali sm, hence the concept of a “third way,” their centralized economic policies obeyed collectivist and so ciali st principles, openly opposing cap ital ism and the free market, favoring nat ionali sm and auta rchy.
Only you am uric ans think that it has something to do with rig ht wi ng, but here in Europe it has always been part of the le ft, due to so ciali sm.
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The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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The embargo does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The embargo did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The embargo is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;"
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"I would like someone to explain fascism in the same way. "
I can try. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@suzankathleen3953 "What do you think fas cism means, Historia, Magistra Vitae?"
It's not about what I think. It's about what the history tells us. Fasc ism has not been a thing since the W W2 ended. And when it was a thing, it was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Mar xist soci alism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose wasn't the promotion of private interest, but the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
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@CosmoShidan : Except they abolished private property rights with the Reichstag fire decree on February 28, 1933, and made owning conditional and dependent on bending the knee to the State. Also by definition, there cannot be private property under a totalitarian State. When the State has total control and can legally seize your property if it's used in a manner they dislike, it is not private property ownership. You are not the arbiter of what to do with your own stuff. You are merely a manager of State property, and merely so long as the State permits it.
"The party is all-embracing. It rules our lives in all their breadth and depth... There will be no license, no free space, in which the individual belongs to himself. This is Socialism... Let them then own land or factories as much as they please. The decisive factor is that the State, through the party, is supreme over them, regardless whether they are owners or workers."
"A strong State will see that production is carried on in the national interests, and, if these interests are contravened, can proceed to expropriate the enterprise concerned and take over its administration."
Hitler Speaks (1940)
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The embargo does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not dictate that the cows are state property, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The embargo did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The embargo is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;"
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@giovannipanzeri6431 "Nazism retained “socialist” in the name and an apparently “pro-worker” rethoric in order to attract working class voters from the real socialist parties and members"
They retained “socialist” in the name because they were advocating for socialism on a national level, or "socialism in one country" as Stalin would put it.
"The first three principles were clear, and they are inseparable from each other. Socialism as the final concept of duty, the ethical duty of work, not just for oneself but also for one’s fellow man’s sake, and above all the principle: Common good before own good, a struggle against all parasitism and especially against easy and unearned income. And we were aware that in this fight we can rely on no one but our own people. We are convinced that socialism in the right sense will only be possible in nations and races that are Aryan, and there in the first place we hope for our own people and are convinced that socialism is inseparable from nationalism. (Loud applause)
To be nationalist does not mean for us to belong to one party or another, but to show with every action that one benefits the people; it means love for all the people without exception.From this point of view we will realize that it is necessary to preserve the most precious thing a people has, the sum of all active creative powers of its workers, to keep it healthy in body and soul.(Cheers) And this view of nationalism compels us to immediately form a front against its opposite, the Semitic conception of the idea of people (Volk), and especially against the Semitic concept of work. Since we are socialists, we must necessarily also be antisemites because we want to fight against the very opposite: materialism and mammonism. (Lively bravo!)
And when today the Jew still runs into our factories and says: How can you be a socialist antisemite? Are not you ashamed? – there comes a time in which we will ask: How can you not be an antisemite, being a socialist! (Hear, hear) There comes a time when it will be obvious that socialism can only be carried out accompanied by nationalism and antisemitism. The three concepts are inseparably connected. They are the foundations of our program and therefore we call ourselves National Socialists. (Cheers)"
— "Why We Are Anti-Semites" (August 15, 1920 speech in Munich at the Hofbräuhaus).
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The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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@flamu9183 "I responded to your false facts with the true fact that he privatized the economy. "
Nothing to do with facts as privatization was never a thing in Nazi Germany. On the contrary, there was only mass nationalization. Here is my comment about it again;
There was no privatization of any kind whatsoever. On the contrary, Nazis mass nationalized the German industry and brought it under strict State control. In fact, they even coined a word for this nationalization, "Gleichschaltung", a system of totalitarian control and coordination over all aspects of German society from the economy and trade associations to the media, culture and education.
"To put it quite clearly: we have an economic programme. Point No. 13 in that programme demands the nationalisation of all public companies, in other words socialisation, or what is known here as socialism. … the basic principle of my Party’s economic programme should be made perfectly clear and that is the principle of authority… the good of the community takes priority over that of the individual. But the State should retain control; every owner should feel himself to be an agent of the State; it is his duty not to misuse his possessions to the detriment of the State or the interests of his fellow countrymen. That is the overriding point. The Third Reich will always retain the right to control property owners. If you say that the bourgeoisie is tearing its hair over the question of private property, that does not affect me in the least. Does the bourgeoisie expect some consideration from me?… Today’s bourgeoisie is rotten to the core; it has no ideals any more; all it wants to do is earn money and so it does me what damage it can. The bourgeois press does me damage too and would like to consign me and my movement to the devil.“
— Adolf Hitler, Hitler's interview with Richard Breiting, 1931, published in Edouard Calic, ed.
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@adamnicholes1002 "Hitler had him killed, because he saw what Hitler was doing. "
Hitler had Röhm killed because he was planning an uprising, or that was what people told Hitler. As early as April 1934, Himmler and Heydrich began to conspire with Göring to persuade Hitler to eliminate Röhm. In mid-1934, they planted rumors and evidence that Röhm was planning to overthrow the regime. Meanwhile, President von Hindenburg, the leadership of the Reichswehr, and Hitler’s conservative coalition partners, including Vice-Chancellor von Papen, issued warnings about the increasingly radical Nazi regime. If the “revolutionary elements” of the Nazi regime were not brought under control, the army leaders threatened to overthrow the Hitler government and place the country under martial law. By the late winter and spring of 1934, SA leaders held ambitions to replace the officer corps of the Reichswehr and the professional army with a “People’s Army.” Such a goal became a threat to the Nazi regime itself. Army leaders responded by demanding the elimination of the SA as a condition for permitting the Nazi government to remain in power.
So if anything, Röhm got overzealous and he had no patience for Hitler's more diplomatic approach.
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@TenebrisNatus "The core of fascist ideology is anti socialism, "
Wrong. Fascism was never anti-socialist. They were specifically anti-Marxist. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@isaac3140 When it comes to your latest quote, yes. State controlling the economy is what we call socialism. Mussolini has also said regarding their State intervention:
"The Fas cist State directs and controls the entrepreneurs, whether it be in our fisheries or in our heavy industry in the Val d'Aosta. There the State actually owns the mines and carries on transport, for the railways are state property. So are many of the factories… We term it state intervention… If anything fails to work properly, the State intervenes. The capitalists will go on doing what they are told, down to the very end. They have no option and cannot put up any fight. Capital is not God; it is only a means to an end.“
— Ben ito Mus solini , As quoted in Talks with Mussolini, Emil Ludwig, Boston, MA, Little, Brown and Company (1933)
"We are, in other words, a state which controls all forces acting in nature. We control political forces, we control moral forces we control economic forces, therefore we are a full-blown Corporative state. We stand for a new principle in the world, we stand for sheer, categorical, definitive antithesis to the world of democracy, plutocracy, free-masonry, to the world which still abides by the fundamental principles laid down in 1789."
— Ben ito Mus solini , Speech before the new National Directory of the Party, April 7, 1926
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@minwhalee6630 "@ fascism simply means far right, authoritarian with suppression of the opposition. "
Wrong. Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. Also Fascism was a very specific ideology; a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@bogdanzivkovic8711 : You have no clue what you are talking about.
The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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@maxfan1591 Wrong. They were far-left socialists.
The fact that the capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alternative of Marxism or Nazism, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marxists. Capitalists don't like to be killed any more than other people do.
Nazis believed, just like the Fascists, that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society.
They were politically, socially and economically anti-conservative, since they didn't want to preserve the status quo nor did they want to bring back Monarchy / Kaiser. The conservatives thought Hitler would end the Republic and bring back Mon archy and Kaiser. They were wrong.
Hitler's point was that Marxism must be rejected NOT because it is soci alist, but because it is in cahoots with international finance capital. In fact, Hitler thought the Marxists were INSINCERE about their socialism. This being-in-cahoots of capitalism and Marxism (through the Je ws) is the MAIN point made in Mein Kampf. And is the reason why, for the Nazis, socialism had to become nationalist. That socialism had to become nationalist, did not, however, mean that it went right-wing.
Owning property was made conditional and private property rights were abolished with the Reichstag fire decree on February 28, 1933. The Nazis suspended a number of articles of the Weimar Constitution; Among these were Article 115 and Article 153. Article 115 said: "The dwelling of every German is his sanctuary and is inviolable. Exceptions may be imposed by authority of law." Article 153 also guaranteed property. Obviously, they did not confiscate everyone's property, however all property always could be confiscated by the state and a certain amount was. Industry was divided into 13 sectors and placed under the control of the state.
They nationalized unions into one single nation wide union known as the Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF, or German La bor Front). The DAF created a single overarching labor union. Essentially all German workers and employees in every economic sector belonged to the DAF. For example, far mers were coordinated into the Reich Food Estate. While traditional unions prioritized workers’ rights, the DAF emphasized national economic goals above personal well-being.
Under the newly created German Labor Front (DAF), the Nazis set high wages, overtime pay was generous, and dismissal of workers by employers was difficult to execute, but inflation and stricter labor laws eroded much of that advantage.
It was a well known fact before and during the war, that Hitler's National Socialist party was an alternative, socialist school of thought which rejected the marxist version of socialism, and capitalism respectively... hence they called themselves a 3rd position.
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The embargo does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not dictate that the cows are state property, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The embargo did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The embargo is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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@samuelcarmody6903 "Hitler sought to crush organised labour movements. Most of 1933 was spent persecuting socialists and trade unionists, liquidating their parties, incarcerating and in numerous cases killing their leadership and rank-and-file members "
Every socialist one-party dictatorship did that. In fact, Hitler was simply imitating Lenin, who had earlier closed down all independent labor associations, factory committees and worker cooperatives, banned strikes, walkouts, and lockouts. Lenin even forced workers to work a slavish 80-hour week. After the Bolsheviks banned all labor unions, one unionist “described the unions as ‘living corpses.’” Any Russian worker who participated in general strikes was arrested, imprisoned or shot. Under Lenin’s regime, workers had no real representation or bargaining rights and were treated like industrial serfs who were chained to their factories. Although Hitler followed Lenin’s nationalizing craze, his treatment of workers did not mimic their Russian counterparts.
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@SOCIAL_MEDIA_CREEPS "Just because it contains the word "socialist" does not mean that the NSDAP's actions were socialist."
Their actions were textbook socialism though. Also regarding the name, the party was called as such, because they were advocating for socialism on a national level.
"The first three principles were clear, and they are inseparable from each other. Socialism as the final concept of duty, the ethical duty of work, not just for oneself but also for one’s fellow man’s sake, and above all the principle: Common good before own good, a struggle against all parasitism and especially against easy and unearned income. And we were aware that in this fight we can rely on no one but our own people. We are convinced that socialism in the right sense will only be possible in nations and races that are Aryan, and there in the first place we hope for our own people and are convinced that socialism is inseparable from nationalism. (Loud applause)
To be nationalist does not mean for us to belong to one party or another, but to show with every action that one benefits the people; it means love for all the people without exception.From this point of view we will realize that it is necessary to preserve the most precious thing a people has, the sum of all active creative powers of its workers, to keep it healthy in body and soul.(Cheers) And this view of nationalism compels us to immediately form a front against its opposite, the Semitic conception of the idea of people (Volk), and especially against the Semitic concept of work. Since we are socialists, we must necessarily also be antisemites because we want to fight against the very opposite: materialism and mammonism. (Lively bravo!)
And when today the Jew still runs into our factories and says: How can you be a socialist antisemite? Are not you ashamed? – there comes a time in which we will ask: How can you not be an antisemite, being a socialist! (Hear, hear) There comes a time when it will be obvious that socialism can only be carried out accompanied by nationalism and antisemitism. The three concepts are inseparably connected. They are the foundations of our program and therefore we call ourselves National Socialists. (Cheers)"
— "Why We Are Anti-Semites" (August 15, 1920 speech in Munich at the Hofbräuhaus).
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The embargo does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not dictate that the cows are state property, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The embargo did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The embargo is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;"
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Wrong definition. Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@DrSanity7777777 "The idea of nation, race, and superiority are absent from the socialist thinking. "
There is no such thing as "socialist thinking". Socialism is not an ideology, it is an economic system where the collective (such as workers, guilds, syndicates, unions, the government etc.) either directly own or control the buildings and tools that make goods and services like farms and factories. This can be achieved through decentralized and direct worker-ownership, or through centralized state-ownership or control of the means of production.
What socialist ideologies such as Fascism, Nazism, Marxism etc have in common is that all of them are Collectivist ideologies, and all of them think that their specific in-group is superior to others.
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@DrSanity7777777 ""Fascism is, therefore, opposed to Socialism" - Benito Mussolini, 'The Doctrine of Fascism' "
I highly suggest quoting the whole paragraph instead of cherry picking a single sentence out of context. Fascism wasn't opposed to socialism, it was opposed to Marxist interpretation of socialism.
"8. Outside the State there can be neither individuals nor groups (political parties, associations, syndicates, classes). Therefore Fascism is opposed to Socialism, which confines the movement of history to the class struggle and ignores the unity of classes established in a single economic and moral reality in the State. Fascism is likewise opposed to classist syndicalism. But when brought within the orbit of the State, Fascism recognizes the real needs which gave rise to socialism and syndicalism, giving them purpose within the guild or corporative system in which divergent interests are coordinated and reconciled in the unity of the State."
- the Doctrine of Fascism
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@DrSanity7777777 ""The first point we shall have to settle, therefore, is that fascism is a defense of capitalist society, an attempt to make it function." - John T. Flynn (Mises Institute)"
Fascism had nothing to do with Capitalism whatsoever. It was a defense of a socialist (National Syndicalist) society.
"Fascism, which is the very antithesis of Individualism, stands as the nemesis of all economic doctrines and all economic practice of both the capitalistic and the communistic systems."
"It is to make such realization possible that the Fascist Revolution has devised such radical means as the destruction of all obsolete institutions. Of all obsolete institutions, the capitalist system is the most obsolete of all."
"First and foremost to be abolished, therefore, is the capitalist structure, or, rather, the capitalist super-structure which has done such great harm to modern society. But the doom of Capitalism brings about in its train the doom of Democracy, because the obsolete aspect of the one is intimately related to the obsolete aspect of the other."
"Finally, if in the realm of Economics, Fascism announces the doom of Capitalism, the Fascist Revolution cannot fail at the same time to express itself as a revolt against all the other aspects of Individualism in the life of man. The Fascist Revolution is thus a revolt against Liberalism in social theory and social practice, against Democracy in politics, against Materialism and its derivatives in philosophy."
- the Philosophy of Fascism
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@ryandonahue2489 "Does a loose category created intellectually as an abstraction possess such definite, specific qualities that you can claim a form of government is fits in one category at once and none of the others?"
If we are talking about Fascism specifically, it was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@varyolla435 "The Fascist movements were decidedly far-Right and conservative in their modus operandi"
Wrong. Fascism was neither. It had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. On the contrary, Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@nautivic5679 : "but to this we say that the state, as one that expressly sought to unify the proletariat and bourgeoisie through the nation, held no interest beyond the preservation of existing capitalist relations, which can only exist through the exploitation of the proletariat."
Mussolini and also Hitl er both, were simply imitating Lenin, who had earlier closed down all independent labor associations, factory committees and worker cooperatives, banned strikes, walkouts, and lockouts. Lenin even forced workers to work a slavish 80-hour week. After the Bolsheviks banned all labor unions, one unionist “described the unions as ‘living corpses.’” Any Russian worker who participated in general strikes was arrested, impri soned or shot. Under Len n’s regime, workers had no real representation or bargaining rights and were treated like industrial serfs who were chained to their factories. Although Hit ler and Mu ssolini followed Len in’s nationalizing craze, their treatment of workers did not mimic their Russian counterparts.
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The embargo does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not dictate that the cows are state property, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The embargo did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The embargo is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;"
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@seraphin01 ""Far-right politics, or right-wing extremism, is a spectrum of political thought that tends to be radically conservative, ultra-nationalist, and authoritarian, often also including nativist tendencies"
Pretty much the complete opposite. Conservatism itself doesn't mean anything since the term is relative and depends what the country considers traditional. Being ultra-nationalist is a Leftist trait, since nationalism itself is a form of collectivism. Also authoritarianism is usually the hallmark of collectivism, hence the Left.
If we agree that the Far-Left is represented by socialist and collectivist ideologies, then logic dictates, that the Far-Right would be represented by pro-Capitalist ideologies based on (Classical) Liberalism / Libertarianism, anti-establishment and limited government.
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@TheDefactoKai "Mussolini’s early association with socialism, including his work for a Marxist publication, does not mean that fascism is a form of Marxism."
It was a rival socialist ideology to Marxism. Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
Fascism rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@john.premose "Fascism has always, always, always been classified as right wing, ever since its inception."
According to Mussolini:
“Our programs are definitely equal to our revolutionary ideas and they belong to what in democratic regime is called “left”; our institutions are a direct result of our programs and our ideal is the Labor State. In this case there can be no doubt: we are the working class in struggle for life and death, against capitalism. We are the revolutionaries in search of a new order. If this is so, to invoke help from the bourgeoisie by waving the red peril is an absurdity. The real scarecrow, the real danger, the threat against which we fight relentlessly, comes from the right. It is not at all in our interest to have the capitalist bourgeoisie as an ally against the threat of the red peril, even at best it would be an unfaithful ally, which is trying to make us serve its ends, as it has done more than once with some success. I will spare words as it is totally superfluous. In fact, it is harmful, because it makes us confuse the types of genuine revolutionaries of whatever hue, with the man of reaction who sometimes uses our very language.”
On April 22, 1945 in Milan
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@wyguy1212 : Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@regisglass5464: "it seems we agree both believed Aryans were superior to everyone else. Thus, what was the difference between Hitler and Mussolini's views in stating Aryans were superior to everyone else?"
Mussolini didn't believe in arya nism nor any kind of biological ra ce supremacy, at least according to his own words.
/ / / / / /
@regisglass5464: "Likewise, as you claim ri ght wing views are about the individual, then what conservative entities have ever defended the individual rig hts of LGB TQ people as opposed to using the state to att ack them? For example, Flo rida wishes to institute genital checks because of their fear of tr ans people. "
Amu rican poli tics and Conse rvatism has nothing to do with this subject, especially the am urica n version. Again, conserva tism is relative. Is it too hard for you am urica ns to understand? Again, conservatism has nothing to do with this subject. Mussolini didn't consider his movement to be conservative. On the contrary, he claimed that the Italian Socia list Party was conservative.
/ / / / / /
@regisglass5464: "But thank you for accepting the doctrine of fascis m states: "We are free to believe that this is the century of authority, a century tending to the 'right,' a fa scist century"."
You still haven't learned to quote the whole paragraph. The fas cists wanted to move to the right from marx ism, not into the right side of the spectrum. Mussolini continues: "If the XIXth century was the century of the individual (liberalism implies individualism) we are free to believe that this is the "collective" century, and therefore the century of the State."
/ / / / / /
@regisglass5464: "Thus, why do you believe the father of fas cism was mistaken about where his ideology lay?"
You are not making any sense. Both Giovanni Gentile and Mussolini explicitly state that fasc ism was a soci alist ideology based on national syndicalism.
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@peltimies2469 : NSDAP "privatized" pretty much nothing and there is literally a word coined for the opposite to describe what was happening in Nazi Germany, called Gleichschaltung. One of the primary goals of this "coordination" was the creation of a single party state entirely under Nazi control. So on the contrary, they tried to nationalize everything. (Adolf's "4 Year Plan" for example) Several laws were passed making it harder for enterprises under a certain value to be founded.
"The nation does not live for the economy, for economic leaders, or for economic or financial theories; on the contrary, it is finance and the economy, economic leaders and theories, which all owe unqualified service in this struggle for the self-assertion of our nation." - Adolf
Don't know who zoomer wrote that part of where it says "Nazi war economy was a mixed economy that combined a free market with central planning" ... It only takes 5 seconds of googling to search the basics terms and to see that central planning is an opposing view of the market economy.
"Central planning is a term usually associated with Centrally Planned Economies (CPE) as opposed to Private Enterprise (or Market) and Mixed Economies (UN official classification), but it is often used in a broader sense to denote any systematic macroeconomic control by the government. "
There is no such thing as "state capitalism", it is an oxymoron. Either the economy is controlled by the market or the state / government. Simple as that. There was no "free market" in Nazi Germany. There was only planned economy, and Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF), and everything else, controlled by NSDAP.
There is nothing far right about a totalitarian socialist ideology, born out of marxism and lead by a socialist race purist.
Jonnet takaisin kouluun.fi
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@TenebrisNatus "The core of fascist ideology is anti socialism, "
Wrong. Fascism was never anti-socialist. They were specifically anti-Marxist. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@tiggtiggs "Cor porate fasc ism has arrived, "
Wrong. First of all, corporatism meant trade unions, not business corporations like Microsoft. Fasc ism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socia lism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose wasn't the promotion of private interest, but the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
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@sugarsore : It was more than that. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@ittestnow : Hitler never abolished unions. He merged and nationalized them into one single super union known as the Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF, or German Labor Front). Still the biggest union ever created in Europe at least. The DAF created one single overarching labor union. Essentially all German workers and employees in every economic sector belonged to the DAF. For example, farmers were coordinated into the Reich Food Estate. While traditional unions prioritized workers’ rights, the DAF emphasized national economic goals above personal well-being.
Now if you want to talk about unions, well Hitler was merely imitating Lenin, who had earlier closed down all independent labor associations, factory committees and worker cooperatives, banned strikes, walkouts, and lockouts. Lenin even forced workers to work a slavish 80-hour week. After the Bolsheviks banned all labor unions, one unionist “described the unions as ‘living corpses.’” Any Russian worker who participated in general strikes was arrested, imprisoned or shot. Under Lenin’s regime, workers had no real representation or bargaining rights and were treated like industrial serfs who were chained to their factories. Although Hitler followed Lenin’s nationalizing craze, his treatment of workers did not mimic their Russian counterparts.
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@vcxz5248 "and embraced laissez-faire capitalism as an inevitability. "
Wrong. They were socialists (former marxists) and opposed every form of capitalism. Mussolini was one of the first to comingle the phrase fascism with syndicalism, remarking in the early 1920s that “Fascist syndicalism is national and productivistic… in a national society in which labor becomes a joy, an object of pride and a title to nobility.” Most Italian syndicalists viewed social revolution as a means for rapid transformation to provide “superior productivity,” and if this economic abundance failed to occur, there could be no meaningful social change. The emphasis by syndicalists towards the importance of “producerism” had been originally initiated by Georges Sorel in 1907, who argued that “Marx considers that a revolution by a proletariat of producers who [have] acquired economic capacity.” When Carlo Cafiero developed a compendium for the initial volume of Capital in Italian, Marx reminded his colleague that “material conditions necessary for the emancipation of the proletariat” must be “spontaneously generated by the development of capitalism (den Gang der kapitalistischen Produktion).”
The support for the theory of producerism expanded among Fascist syndicalists after the conclusion of the Russian Civil War and transition from war communism showed high unemployment and an environment where “most of the mills and factories were at a standstill; mines and collieries were wrecked and flooded.”
After the introduction of the New Economic Policy (NEP), Italian syndicalists continued to move further away from orthodox Marxism, determined to revise it to fit the changing times and to embolden its strategic goals. They argued that the Russian Bolsheviks had failed to adhere to Engels’ 1850 admonition about the dangers of trying to establish a social revolution within an economically backwards environment. This drift had emerged years before the economic malaise of Soviet Russia, prompting most Italian syndicalists to transcend the errors and drawbacks that “they believed they found in orthodox Marxism.” Developed to bring about worker control of the means of production by direct action, the intellectuals of syndicalism came to the realization that Italy's primitive economy could facilitate neither equality nor abundance for society. Without a mature industry developed by the bourgeois, they came to understand that a successful social revolution required the support of “classless” revolutionaries. Mussolini, along with Italian syndicalists, Nationalists and Futurists, contended that those revolutionaries would be Fascists, not Marxists or some other ideology.
According to Mussolini and other syndicalist theoreticians, Fascism would be “the socialism of ‘proletarian nations.’”
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"National socialist party only had socialist in his name. "
They chose the name because it represented what they were advocating for, that is, socialism on a national level instead of international.
"The first three principles were clear, and they are inseparable from each other. Socialism as the final concept of duty, the ethical duty of work, not just for oneself but also for one’s fellow man’s sake, and above all the principle: Common good before own good, a struggle against all parasitism and especially against easy and unearned income. And we were aware that in this fight we can rely on no one but our own people. We are convinced that socialism in the right sense will only be possible in nations and races that are Aryan, and there in the first place we hope for our own people and are convinced that socialism is inseparable from nationalism. (Loud applause)
To be nationalist does not mean for us to belong to one party or another, but to show with every action that one benefits the people; it means love for all the people without exception.From this point of view we will realize that it is necessary to preserve the most precious thing a people has, the sum of all active creative powers of its workers, to keep it healthy in body and soul.(Cheers) And this view of nationalism compels us to immediately form a front against its opposite, the Semitic conception of the idea of people (Volk), and especially against the Semitic concept of work. Since we are socialists, we must necessarily also be antisemites because we want to fight against the very opposite: materialism and mammonism. (Lively bravo!)
And when today the Jew still runs into our factories and says: How can you be a socialist antisemite? Are not you ashamed? – there comes a time in which we will ask: How can you not be an antisemite, being a socialist! (Hear, hear) There comes a time when it will be obvious that socialism can only be carried out accompanied by nationalism and antisemitism. The three concepts are inseparably connected. They are the foundations of our program and therefore we call ourselves National Socialists. (Cheers)"
— "Why We Are Anti-Semites" (August 15, 1920 speech in Munich at the Hofbräuhaus).
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Wrong. So called "Extreme Far-Right" is Anarcho-Capitalism. Meanwhile Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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So called "Extreme Far-Right" would be Anarcho-Capitalism. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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"industry after industry was privatised, "
Wrong. There was no privatization of any kind in Nazi Germany. It was never a thing. On the contrary, they nationalized most if not all the German industry and later reorganized all industries into corporations run by members of the Nazi Party. They called this nationalization as "Gleichschaltung". This was even noted by the Time -magazine.
"Most cruel joke of all, however, has been played by Hitler & Co. on those German capitalists and small businessmen who once backed National Socialism as a means of saving Germany's bourgeois economic structure from radicalism. The Nazi credo that the individual belongs to the state also applies to business. Some businesses have been confiscated outright, on others what amounts to a capital tax has been levied. Profits have been strictly controlled. Some idea of the increasing Governmental control and interference in business could be deduced from the fact that 80% of all building and 50% of all industrial orders in Germany originated last year with the Government. Hard-pressed for foodstuffs as well as funds, the Nazi regime has taken over large estates and in many instances collectivized agriculture, a procedure fundamentally similar to Russian Communism."
"Adolf Hitler: Man of the Year, 1938", Time; January 2, 1939.
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"To put it quite clearly: we have an economic programme. Point No. 13 in that programme demands the nationalisation of all public companies, in other words socialisation, or what is known here as socialism. … the basic principle of my Party’s economic programme should be made perfectly clear and that is the principle of authority… the good of the community takes priority over that of the individual. But the State should retain control; every owner should feel himself to be an agent of the State; it is his duty not to misuse his possessions to the detriment of the State or the interests of his fellow countrymen. That is the overriding point. The Third Reich will always retain the right to control property owners. If you say that the bourgeoisie is tearing its hair over the question of private property, that does not affect me in the least. Does the bourgeoisie expect some consideration from me?… Today’s bourgeoisie is rotten to the core; it has no ideals any more; all it wants to do is earn money and so it does me what damage it can. The bourgeois press does me damage too and would like to consign me and my movement to the devil.“
— Adolf Hitler, Hitler's interview with Richard Breiting, 1931, published in Edouard Calic, ed., “First Interview with Hitler, 4 May 1931,” Secret Conversations with Hitler: The Two Newly-Discovered 1931 Interviews, New York: John Day Co., 1971, pp. 31-33. Also published under the title Unmasked: Two Confidential Interviews with Hitler in 1931, published by Chatto & Windus in 1971
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By definition, Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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"but rather decades of US sanction."
Nope.
Sanctions do not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
Sanctions do not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
Sanctions do not not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
Sanctions did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
Sanctions are not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
Sanctions are not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
Sanctions are not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
Sanctions are not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
Sanctions are not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
Sanctions are not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
Sanctions are not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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zz11 "No , fasci sm is the opposite of sociali sm "
Wrong. Fasci sm was a totalit arian far-left, socia list ideology based on national syndicalism. It was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndica lism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose wasn't the promotion of private interest, but the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
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zz11 "It's a far-right ideology"
Wrong. It was a far-left ideology, which sits on the right side of marxis m. Nothing to do with right win g of any kind whatsoever.
"It is necessary to distinguish between social ism and social ism—in fact, between idea and idea of the same socia list conception, in order to distinguish among them those that are inimical to Fasci sm. It is well known that Sorellian syndicalism, out of which the thought and the political method of Fasc ism emerged—conceived itself the genuine interpretation of Mar xist commu nism. The dynamic conception of history, in which force as violence functions as an essential, is of unquestioned Ma rxist origin. Those notions flowed into other currents of contemporary thought, that have themselves, via alternative routes, arrived at a vindication of the form of State—implacable, but absolutely rational—that finds historic necessity in the very spiritual dynamism through which it realizes itself.“
— Giovanni Gentile , Che cosa è il fasc ismo: Discorsi e polemiche (“What is Fas cism?”), Florence: Vallecchi, (1925)
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@rohanharridge5579 "If the Nazis were socialist they wouldn't have violently suppressed organised labour they did."
Wrong. Every single socialist regime suppressed independent unions, including the Bolsheviks. In fact, Hitler was simply imitating Lenin, who had earlier closed down all independent labor associations, factory committees and worker cooperatives, banned strikes, walkouts, and lockouts. Lenin even forced workers to work a slavish 80-hour week. After the Bolsheviks banned all labor unions, one unionist “described the unions as ‘living corpses.’” Any Russian worker who participated in general strikes was arrested, imprisoned or shot. Under Lenin’s regime, workers had no real representation or bargaining rights and were treated like industrial serfs who were chained to their factories. Although Hitler followed Lenin’s nationalizing craze, his treatment of workers did not mimic their Russian counterparts.
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@Fritzgar "You know, there is this not very well known term called 'facism'. "
Yes. However it may not mean what you think it means. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@AtariTheAnimator "The Na zis placed great emphasis on private property and free competition. "
No, they really didn't. On the contrary, they abolished private property rights. Article 153 of the Weimar Constitution guaranteed private property, with expropriation only to occur within the due process of the law, but this article was nullified by the Reichstag fire decree on Feb. 28, 1933. Also in Hitler's table talks on September 3, 1942, he said that land was “national property, and in the end only given to the individual as a loan.” Hi tler only recognized private property insofar as it was used according to the principle “common benefit ahead of private benefit,” which meant that if it was necessary in the common interest, the state had the right at all times to decide the way, the extent to which, and when private property was used, and the common interest was, of course, defined by the state.
Regarding competition, there really wasn't any since industry was nationalized, and later they reorganized all industries into corporations run by members of the Na zi Party.
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"It's because it's economically isolated due to the US embargo."
Ah yes, the magical embargo which somehow makes the Cuban government prohibit fishing and butchering people's own cows for meat.
The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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@Demaa18 "Also, "la Dottrina del Fascismo" was published in 1932, that's no "early fascism" ... do you care to explain how did precisley Gentile invented fascism, and NOT Mussolini, which literally created the first fascist political party/movement?"
Well actually it was written in 1927, by Giovanni. While he wasn't the only Fascist theoretician, he certainly was the one who worked closely with Mussolini and put the Hegelian philosophy into it. He gave a nod to Marinetti, when he proposed a more defined version of Fascism during 1925, stating:
"Great spiritual movements make recourse to precision when their primitive inspirations—what F. T. Marinetti identified this morning as artistic, that is to say, the creative and truly innovative ideas, from which the movement derived its first and most potent impulse—have lost their force. We today find ourselves at the very beginning of a new life and we experience with joy this obscure need that fills our hearts—this need that is our inspiration, the genius that governs us and carries us with it."
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@coyotethunderman "give evidence to change my mind. "
Sure. We can start from the definition of Fascism; a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel (Sorelianism). It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
Now, have you seen or heard either Trump or Musk advocating for socialism lately, or at all? Currently it seems that they are doing the opposite of what the Fascists did, as the core and fundamental part of the Fascist ideology was the all encompassing State and its supremacy over everything within the nation.
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@lococomrade3488 "Quote the book where it says, "We like Socialism, not Marxs type.""
"Such a conception of life makes Fascism the resolute negation of the doctrine underlying so-called scientific and Marxian socialism, the doctrine of historic materialism which would explain the history of mankind in terms of the class struggle and by changes in the processes and instruments of production, to the exclusion of all else."
"No individuals or groups (political parties, cultural associations, economic unions, social classes) outside the State. Fascism is therefore opposed to Socialism to which unity within the State (which amalgamates classes into a single economic and ethical reality) is unknown, and which sees in history nothing but the class struggle. Fascism is likewise opposed to trade unionism as a class weapon. But when brought within the orbit of the State, Fascism recognizes the real needs which gave rise to socialism and trade unionism, giving them due weight in the guild or corporative system in which divergent interests are coordinated and harmonized in the unity of the State."
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@regisglass5464: "Odd, why is it irrelevant to fascism that conservatives attempted to remove your individual rights? "
There is no correlation between fascism and conservatism. Your question makes no sense.
/ / / / / /
@regisglass5464 " Then kindly provide the full paragraph."
Here you go:
"A party governing a nation “totalitarianly" is a new departure in history. There are no points of reference nor of comparison. From beneath the ruins of liberal, socialist, and democratic doctrines, Fascism extracts those elements which are still vital. It preserves what may be described as "the acquired facts" of history; it rejects all else. That is to say, it rejects the idea of a doctrine suited to all times and to all people. Granted that the XIXth century was the century of socialism, liberalism, democracy, this does not mean that the XXth century must also be the century of socialism, liberalism, democracy. Political doctrines pass; nations remain. We are free to believe that this is the century of authority, a century tending to the " right ", a Fascist century. If the XIXth century was the century of the individual (liberalism implies individualism) we are free to believe that this is the "collective" century, and therefore the century of the State. It is quite logical for a new doctrine to make use of the still vital elements of other doctrines. "
Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@KenH60109 "Gentile and Mussolini both poured over the fact that fascism was right-wing, "
Neither Gentile nor Mussolini has ever said such a thing. Gentile also makes it very clear that Fascism was born out of socialism, which is not a Right wing thing. If anything, both of them claimed Fascism to be part of the "3rd position" movement as they rejected both Capitalism and the Marxist interpenetration of socialism.
"The Fascist, on the other hand, conceives philosophy as a philosophy of practice (”praxis”). That concept was the product of certain Marxist and Sorellian inspirations (many Fascists and the Duce, himself, received their first intellectual education in the school of Marx and Sorel)—as well as the influence of contemporary Italian idealistic doctrines from which Fascist mentality drew substance and achieved maturity."
“It is necessary to distinguish between socialism and socialism—in fact, between idea and idea of the same socialist conception, in order to distinguish among them those that are inimical to Fascism. It is well known that Sorellian syndicalism, out of which the thought and the political method of Fascism emerged—conceived itself the genuine interpretation of Marxist communism. The dynamic conception of history, in which force as violence functions as an essential, is of unquestioned Marxist origin. Those notions flowed into other currents of contemporary thought, that have themselves, via alternative routes, arrived at a vindication of the form of State—implacable, but absolutely rational—that finds historic necessity in the very spiritual dynamism through which it realizes itself.”
— Giovanni Gentile, Che cosa è il fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche (“What is Fascism?”), Florence: Vallecchi, (1925) / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism, A. James Gregor, translator and editor, Transaction Publishers, 2003
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@KenH60109 "There's absolutely no debate here, fascism is inherently right wing, "
Wrong. Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind. It was objectively, a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@KenH60109 "workers strikes were immediately vaporized by the fascist parties, "
Both Hitler and Mussolini were simply imitating Lenin, who had earlier closed down all independent labor associations, factory committees and worker cooperatives, banned strikes, walkouts, and lockouts. Lenin even forced workers to work a slavish 80-hour week. After the Bolsheviks banned all labor unions, one unionist “described the unions as ‘living corpses.’” Any Russian worker who participated in general strikes was arrested, imprisoned or shot. Under Lenin’s regime, workers had no real representation or bargaining rights and were treated like industrial serfs who were chained to their factories. Although Hitler and Mussolini followed Lenin’s nationalizing craze, their treatment of workers did not mimic their Russian counterparts.
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@L14MA "It makes me think you don't even know what your own suggested sources say. "
My sources specifically say that Fascism was a socialist ideology, based on National Syndicalism and Hegelian philosophy. This is also said by Giovanni Gentile himself.
“The Fascist, on the other hand, conceives philosophy as a philosophy of practice (”praxis”). That concept was the product of certain Marxist and Sorellian inspirations (many Fascists and the Duce, himself, received their first intellectual education in the school of Marx and Sorel)—as well as the influence of contemporary Italian idealistic doctrines from which Fascist mentality drew substance and achieved maturity.”
“It is necessary to distinguish between socialism and socialism—in fact, between idea and idea of the same socialist conception, in order to distinguish among them those that are inimical to Fascism. It is well known that Sorellian syndicalism, out of which the thought and the political method of Fascism emerged—conceived itself the genuine interpretation of Marxist communism. The dynamic conception of history, in which force as violence functions as an essential, is of unquestioned Marxist origin. Those notions flowed into other currents of contemporary thought, that have themselves, via alternative routes, arrived at a vindication of the form of State—implacable, but absolutely rational—that finds historic necessity in the very spiritual dynamism through which it realizes itself.”
Che cosa è il fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche (“What is Fascism?”) (Origins and Doctrine of Fascism), Florence: Vallecchi, (1925)
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Wrong. Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever, nor with Spain nor Germany. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@Cordien "First read Lenin’s definition of imperialism b/c it explains the stage of capitalist economic development needed for fascism to occur. "
Ah yes, butthurt Lenin who was mad that Mussolini abandoned Marxism. No. Fascism had nothing to do with capitalism whatsoever. Capitalism had nothing to do with the occurrence of Fascism. On the contrary, Fascism was a reaction to Lenin's failed Marxist attempt which made many marxists turn into syndicalism. After the introduction of the New Economic Policy (NEP), Italian syndicalists continued to move further away from orthodox Marxism, determined to revise it to fit the changing times and to embolden its strategic goals. They argued that the Russian Bolsheviks had failed to adhere to Engels’ 1850 admonition about the dangers of trying to establish a social revolution within an economically backwards environment.This drift had emerged years before the economic malaise of Soviet Russia, prompting most Italian syndicalists to transcend the errors and drawbacks that “they believed they found in orthodox Marxism.” Developed to bring about worker control of the means of production by direct action, the intellectuals of syndicalism came to the realization that Italy's primitive economy could facilitate neither equality nor abundance for society. Without a mature industry developed by the bourgeois, they came to understand that a successful social revolution required the support of “classless” revolutionaries. Mussolini, along with Italian syndicalists, Nationalists and Futurists, contended that those revolutionaries would be Fascists, not Marxists or some other ideology. According to Mussolini and other syndicalist theoreticians, Fascism would be “the socialism of ‘proletarian nations.’”
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@Authoritarianism-Rising Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@rn6312 "Really? It's minimized huh? I think you're thinking of libertarianism, which is not the far right. "
Yet one of the many things ignorant Americans get wrong. First, Libertarianism is a socialist ideology and movement, founded and coined by a French Anarcho-Communist, Joseph Déjacque. Secondly, (classical) Liberalism is a Far-Right ideology in our modern day political spectrum, as it advocates for free market and laissez-faire economics and civil liberties under the rule of law, with special emphasis on property rights, individual autonomy, limited government, economic freedom, political freedom and freedom of speech. Meanwhile Far-Left advocates for socialism and collectivism.
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"Fascism is a FAR-RIGHT populist political philosophy, movement, or authoritarian regime, a nationalist political ideology, characterized by severe social regimentation and by forcible suppression of the opposition by a dictatorial leader. "
Wrong. Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@Junebuggly "2. while these are not exclusive to fascism, the combination of them is literally what defines fascism"
No. What defines Fascism, is the rejection of individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, Fascism advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism). As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@anacc3257 : Incorrect. M usso lini started out as a m arx ist and after getting ki ck ed out from the Italian PSI (a m ar xi st party), he denounced ma rxi sm but he always stayed as a so cia list. Fa sci sm was a form of (st ate) so cia lis m and Mus soli ni was stri ctly ag ainst ca pitali sm. Fas cis m opposed lib eral cap ital ism, but also int erna tion al soc iali sm, hence the concept of a “third way,” their cent raliz ed eco no mic poli cies obeyed co llec tiv ist and so cial ist princ iples, ope nly oppo sing cap ital ism and the fr ee m ark et, fav oring nati onali sm and autarchy.
"Today we can affirm that the ca pitali stic method of production is out of date. So is the doctrine of la issez-fai re, the theoretical basis of ca pita lism… Today we are taking a new and decisive step in the path of revolution. A revolution, in order to be great, must be a soci al revolution.“
— Be nito Mu sso lini, Speech on November 14, 1933
"You cannot get rid of me because I am and always will be a so cial ist. You hate me because you still love me.“
— Be nito Muss olini, A Biography (1983) p. 8. As quoted by Muss olini after he was expelled from the Italian So cial ist Party in 1914. 1910s
"Do not believe, even for a moment, that by stripping me of my membership card you do the same to my So cial ist beliefs, nor that you would rest rain me of continuing to work in favor of So ciali sm and of the Re volution.“
— Ben ito Muss olini, Speech at the Italian So cial ist Party’s meeting in Milan at the People’s Theatre on Nov. 25, 1914.
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@jordrider1917 : Muss olini never denounced so cia lis m though. After he was kicked out of the Italian PSI, which was a ma rxi st party, he denounced ma rxis m. Even according to Muss olini himself, he would always remain a so cia list. Mus soli ni also didn't come up with the fa sci st ideology... that was a so ci ali st philosopher Giov anni Gen tile.
"You cannot get rid of me because I am and always will be a so ci ali st. You hate me because you still love me.“
— Ben ito Muss olini, Denis Mack Smith, Muss olini: A Biography (1983) p. 8. As quoted by Mus solini after he was expelled from the Italian So ci ali st Party in 1914. 1910s
"Do not believe, even for a moment, that by stripping me of my membership card you do the same to my So ci ali st beliefs, nor that you would restrain me of continuing to work in favor of So ci ali sm and of the R evolu tion.“
— Be nito Muss olini, Speech at the Italian So ci al ist Party’s meeting in Milan at the People’s Theatre on Nov. 25, 1914.
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@JessicaDainese "Fascism had their own philosophers you know. Once you study them, you can tell fascism when you see it. "
That is true, however if you think Trump and the Republicans have something to do with Fascism, you have never read any of their works (Gabriele D'Annunzio, Giovanni Gentile, Sergio Panunzio, Alfredo Rocco, Mario Palmieri, Alceste De Ambris, Filippo Tommaso Marinetti ... or even Georges Sorel). Since you are an Italian, do yourself a favor and read some Renzo De Felice or Emilio Gentile's work "Chi è fascista" before you talk about this subject again, since you have no clue what you are talking about.
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“Of which liberalism does one wish to speak? I distinguish two principal forms of liberalism. For one…liberty is a right; for the other a duty. For one it is a gift; for the other a conquest… One liberalism conceives liberty rooted in the individual, and therefore opposes the individual to the State, a State understood as possessing no intrinsic value—but exclusively serving the well being and the improvement of the individual. The State is seen as a means, not an end. It limits itself to the maintenance of public order, excluding itself from the entirety of spiritual life—which, therefore, remains exclusively a sphere restricted to the individual conscience. That liberalism, historically, is classical liberalism—of English manufacture. It is, we must recognize, a false liberalism, containing only half the truth. It was opposed among us by Mazzini with a criticism, that I maintain, is immortal. But there is another liberalism, that matured in Italian and German thought, that holds entirely absurd this view of the antagonism between the State and the individual.”
— Giovanni Gentile Che cosa è il fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche (“What is Fascism?”), Florence: Vallecchi, (1925) pp. 42-45, 47-48, 49-51, 56,Origins and Doctrine of Fascism, A. James Gregor, translator and editor, Transaction Publishers, 2003, p. 63
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@charlesmiv3842 Here are few;
“Some still ask of us: what do you want? We answer with three words that summon up our entire program. Here they are…Italy, Republic, Socialization... Socialization is no other than the implantation of Italian Socialism…”
— Benito Mussolini, Speech given by Mussolini to a group of Milanese Fascist veterans (October 14, 1944)
“Do not believe, even for a moment, that by stripping me of my membership card you do the same to my Socialist beliefs, nor that you would restrain me of continuing to work in favor of Socialism and of the Revolution.”
— Benito Mussolini, Speech at the Italian Socialist Party’s meeting in Milan at the People’s Theatre on Nov. 25, 1914.
“You cannot get rid of me because I am and always will be a socialist. You hate me because you still love me.”
— Benito Mussolini, A Biography (1983), As quoted by Mussolini after he was expelled from the Italian Socialist Party in 1914.
"For this I have been and am a socialist. The accusation of inconsistency has no foundation. My conduct has always been straight in the sense of looking at the substance of things and not to the form. I adapted socialisticamente to reality. As the evolution of society belied many of the prophecies of Marx, the true socialism folded from possible to probable. The only feasible socialism socialisticamente is corporatism, confluence, balance and justice interests compared to the collective interest. "
— Benito Mussolini, As quoted in “Soliloquy for ‘freedom’ Trimellone island”, one of the last interviews of Mussolini, March 20, 1945
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@matthewbanton7077 "establish fascism and help to define the far-right through his rhetoric policy. "
Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. It was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@matthewbanton7077 " but private property, the market economy and wealthy people all survived. "
Wrong. The only people who were wealthy, were the people in the Government. Private property wasn't a thing, and was made conditional. Individual ownership rights were understood to be strictly subordinate to collective discipline. It was not the individual ownership of property that concerned Fascists, but its subordination to collective control. Property was understood to perform social functions rather than to manifest individual rights. It was clear that the conception of property as a social function was broad enough to include socialization of the means of production, should that be required by the national interests as interpreted by the state.
Market economy wasn't a thing either, and was replaced with Corporatism, a system where sectors of the economy were divided into syndicates (which were nationalized Unions that then elected their own members into government as well as democratically run their workspaces. Each profession and field had their own Syndicate, which in turn, operated symbiotically with its composed members), whose activities and interactions were managed and coordinated by the government. The idea was to let the state control and direct the economy from the top-down without itself owning the means of production.
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@nichan2475 "Fascism is more commonly associated with the so-called 'right-wing'."
Except Fascism had nothing to do with right wing of any kind whatsoever. On the contrary, it was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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The embargo does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The embargo did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The embargo is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;"
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None of that definition is unique to Fascism, as that is how every Totalitarian and dictatorial regime operated. Regarding the definition of Fascism; it was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@charlesvion815 : Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@dekonstrukcija "The precise definition of fascism."
Again, still the complete opposite. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@dekonstrukcija Again, Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@dekonstrukcija "Private factories were brought back to the capitalist and continued to function in their interest."
Wrong. They weren't. Mussolini nationalized almost all of the Italian industry after all.
“The Fascist State directs and controls the entrepreneurs, whether it be in our fisheries or in our heavy industry in the Val d'Aosta. There the State actually owns the mines and carries on transport, for the railways are state property. So are many of the factories… We term it state intervention… If anything fails to work properly, the State intervenes. The capitalists will go on doing what they are told, down to the very end. They have no option and cannot put up any fight. Capital is not God; it is only a means to an end.”
— Benito Mussolini, As quoted in Talks with Mussolini, Emil Ludwig, Boston, MA, Little, Brown and Company (1933)
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@dekonstrukcija "In fascist systems, state control is not for promoting social equality or workers' rights (which is central to left-wing ideologies), but rather to maintain order, promote nationalism, and preserve existing social and economic hierarchies, the same class system under the capitalism."
Under Fascism, it preserved nothing what was already in place. By definition, Fascism was a revolutionary ideology, and replaced the old system that was in place. Fascism didn't believe in classes, and there was no "class system". There was only class collaboration and unity under the iron boot of the State. This is clearly defined in their "Doctrine of Fascism".
"7. Anti-individualistic, the Fascist conception is for the State; and it is for the individual only in so far as he coincides with the State, which is the conscience and universal will of man in his historical existence. It is opposed to classical liberalism, which arose as a reaction to absolutism and exhausted its historical function when the State was transformed into the conscience and will of the people. Liberalism denied the State in the interest of the particular individual; Fascism reasserts the State as the true reality of the individual. And if liberty is to be the attribute of real men, and not of abstract puppets invented by individualistic liberalism, then Fascism is for liberty, and for the only liberty which can be real, the liberty of the State and of the individual within the State. Therefore, for the Fascist, everything is in the State, and outside of it nothing human or spiritual can exist, much less have value. In this sense Fascism is totalitarian, and the Fascist State—the synthesis and unity of all values—interprets, develops, and potentiates the whole life of the people."
"10. This higher personality is the nation in so far as it is the State. It is not the nation that generates the State, as according to the old naturalistic concept which served as the basis of the political theories of the nation-states of the nineteenth century. Rather the nation is created by the State, which gives to the people, conscious of their moral unity, a will and therefore an effective existence. The right of a nation to independence derives not from a literary and ideal consciousness of its own being, still less from a more or less unconscious and inert acceptance of a de facto situation, but from an active consciousness, from a political will in action and ready to demonstrate its own rights: that is to say from a state already coming into being. The State, in fact, as the universal ethical will, is the creator of the right to national independence."
"11. A nation, as expressed in the State, is a living, ethical entity only in so far as it is progressive. Inactivity is death. Therefore the State is not only Authority which governs and confers legal form and spiritual value on individual wills, but it is also Power which makes its will felt and respected beyond its own frontiers, thus affording practical proof of the universal character of the decisions necessary to ensure its development. This implies organization and expansion, potential if not actual. Thus the State equates itself to the will of man, whose development cannot he checked by obstacles and which, by achieving self-expression, demonstrates its infinity."
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@dekonstrukcija "The economic policies of fascism are typically described as corporatist, where the state mediates between business interests, labor, and other sectors of society."
The proper word is Corporatism ("corporativismo" in Italian), which was one of the cornerstone principles in Mussolini's fascism, and had to do with the way society and the economy would be organized, with state power at the head of a system of nationalized syndicates ("corporazione") representing each major industry. Mussolini's corporatist view stressed total state power over businesses as much as over individuals, via these governing industry bodies controlled by the Fascist party, in which businesses retained the responsibilities of property, but few if any of the freedoms. Each profession and field had their own Syndicate, which in turn, operated symbiotically with its composed members, whose activities and interactions were managed and coordinated by the government. The idea was to let the state control and direct the economy from the top-down without itself owning the means of production.
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@dekonstrukcija "as fascism not only destroyed workers revolution in western Europe, "
Fascism was revolution in of itself. They specifically opposed the Marxist revolution.
“Class war, cannot be more than a transitory episode of the life of a people. It cannot be a daily phenomenon, because it would mean in the end the destruction of all wealth. ... The mistake of Marxism is that of believing that a nation is made of two classes only. A mistake even greater is that of believing that these two classes are in a perpetual state of war. There may be, it is true, contrast of interests, but it cannot be more than transitory; it can never be systematic. This systematic antithesis, which has furnished the basis for all socialistic theories is not a fact but an assumption. Its place has to be taken by collaboration.”
- Mussolini, speech on 20th of December, 1923.
"Little did Karl Marx dream that there was another way of escape than the way of the proletariat’s triumph; that other means than the Communist means could be found to bring about the birth of a new social order. Little did Karl Marx foresee the coming Fascist Revolution: the revolution which is now in full swing and of which our children’s children will see, perhaps its complete triumph. ... The Fascist Revolution is teaching us that human history is more than the story of class struggle; it is teaching us also that there is a way to end the war of classes and that this way is found in placing all classes under the protection, the aegis, and the discipline of the State. The Fascist Revolution is teaching us that exploitation of one class by another is not compatible with social justice and must be replaced, therefore, by co-operation of the various classes for their own good and for the good of the nation as a whole. ... The Fascist Revolution is teaching us that inasmuch as production is national is character, all surplus value derived from the play of productive forces has a national significance and importance, and must not be used, therefore, to enrich private individuals, and further the ends of private interests. The Fascist Revolution is teaching us that the times cry out aloud for a thorough revision of the principles of production; it is teaching us that there must be national planning, not individual planning of the amount of things produced, and that, furthermore, there must be national planning of its of distribution and apportioning among the various classes of society. ... Finally, if in the realm of Economics it announces the doom of Capitalism, the Fascist Revolution cannot fail at the same time to express itself as a revolt against all the other aspects of Individualism in the life of man. The Fascist Revolution is thus a revolt against Liberalism in social theory and social practice, against Democracy in politics, against Materialism and its derivatives in philosophy."
- the Philosophy of Fascism, Mario Palmieri, 1936
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@dekonstrukcija "The political spectrum typically places ideologies on a left-right axis, with fascism positioned on the far right due to its emphasis on nationalism, hierarchy, and authoritarianism. "
Still wrong. Again, Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@JosephGaming "banning trade unions"
While both Hitler and Mussolini nationalized trade unions, technically they were simply imitating Lenin, who had earlier closed down all independent labor associations, factory committees and worker cooperatives, banned strikes, walkouts, and lockouts. Lenin even forced workers to work a slavish 80-hour week. After the Bolsheviks banned all labor unions, one unionist “described the unions as ‘living corpses.’” Any Russian worker who participated in general strikes was arrested, imprisoned or shot. Under Lenin’s regime, workers had no real representation or bargaining rights and were treated like industrial serfs who were chained to their factories. Although Hitler and Mussolini followed Lenin’s nationalizing craze, their treatment of workers did not mimic their Russian counterparts.
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@JosephGaming "They privatised banks, shipyards, railway lines, shipping lines, and even welfare organizations."
Wrong. They did no such thing. This fake quote from a fake online article is old and debunked. Let's take "railway lines" for example, as they were specifically nationalized and brought under direct NSDAP control during 1937. Even Wiki gets this right, unlike the fake source you are quoting this from.
"The end of the Weimar Republic and the rise to power of the National Socialists initially did not change the status of the Reichsbahn. Under pressure from the National Socialists, the Reichsbahn took over the construction of the Reichsautobahns from 1933 onwards, but the further expansion of the railway network was neglected in favor of rearmament. In 1937, Adolf Hitler ended the existence of the independent Reichsbahn company, which was again taken over by the Reich Ministry of Transport under direct state administration. "
- Wiki, Deutsche Reichsbahn (GER)
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@bogdanzivkovic8711 : You have no clue what you are talking about.
The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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Regarding the definition of Fascism; it was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@somanytakennames "Those who worked in rearmament might have benefited because of the war that Hitler intended to wage but that was about it. From 1933 to 1939 wages fell, number of hours rose by 15%, serious accidents in factories increased and employees could be blacklisted for questioning conditions."
Well actually under the newly created German Labor Front (DAF), the Nazis set high wages, overtime pay was generous, and dismissal of workers by employers was difficult to execute, but inflation and stricter labor laws eroded much of that advantage. Headed by Robert Ley, the German Labor Front's main mission was to satisfy workers enough to prevent rebellion against both industrialists and the national socialist state.
In any event, following the Nazis’ “Socialism of Deed” ideology, all sorts of revolutionary new social and entertainment programs were provided to German workers via the “Strength through Joy” (Kraft durch Freude, or KdF), considered the world’s biggest tour operators. The KdF program, which was designed to provide affordable leisure activities, included such amenities as subsidized domestic or foreign vacations, parks, ocean cruises, construction of worker canteens that provided subsidized hot meals, factory libraries and gardens, sport facilities and swimming pools, adult education courses, periodic breaks, orchestras during lunch break, tickets to concerts and operas, no-cost physical education, gymnastic and sports training. The DAF-subsidized holiday vacations were so popular that by 1938 over 10.3 million Germans signed up.
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@maxfan1591 Wrong. They were far-left socialists.
The fact that the capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alternative of Marxism or Nazism, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marxists. Capitalists don't like to be killed any more than other people do.
Nazis believed, just like the Fascists, that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society.
They were politically, socially and econo mically anti-cons ervative, since they didn't want to preserve the status quo nor did they want to bring back Monarchy / Kaiser. The conservatives thought Hitler would end the Republic and bring back Mon archy and Kaiser. They were wrong.
Hitler's point was that Marxism must be rejected NOT because it is soci alist, but because it is in cahoots with international finance capital. In fact, Hitler thought the Marxists were INSINCERE about their socialism. This being-in-cahoots of capitalism and Marxism (through the Je ws) is the MAIN point made in Mein Kampf. And is the reason why, for the Nazis, socialism had to become nationalist. That socia lism had to bec ome nation alist, did not, however, mean that it went right-wing.
Owning prop erty was made conditi onal and private property rights were abolished with the Reich stag fire decree on February 28, 1933. The Na zis suspended a number of articles of the Weimar Constitution; Among these were Article 115 and Article 153. Article 115 said: "The dw elling of every German is his sanctuary and is inviolable. Exceptions may be imposed by authority of law." Article 153 also guaranteed property. Obviously, they did not confiscate everyone's property, however all pro perty always could be confiscated by the state and a certain amount was. Industry was divided into 13 sectors and placed under the control of the state.
They nationalized unions into one single nation wide union known as the Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF, or German La bor Front). The DAF created a single overarching labor union. Essentially all German workers and employees in every economic sector belonged to the DAF. For example, far mers were coordinated into the Reich Food Estate. While traditional unions prioritized workers’ rights, the DAF emphasized national economic goals above personal well-being.
Under the newly created German Labor Front (DAF), the Na zis set high wages, overtime pay was generous, and dismissal of workers by employers was difficult to execute, but inflation and stricter labor laws eroded much of that advantage.
It was a well known fact before and during the war, that Hi tler's National Soci alist party was an alter native, socialist school of thought which rejected the marxist version of socialism, and capitalism respectively... hence they called themselves a 3rd position.
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@eedragonr "What industry ever have the Na zis nationalized and confiscated?"
Every major industry. Junkers for example, or Volkswagen or IG Far ben, or Krupp or Hugo Boss or Porsche. Every single one of the major industries were either owned by NS DAP directly, or its individual members. Either businesses bent the knee to the NS DAP or the owners were replaced by Hit ler's own goons. Of course the NSDAP got lucky in the sense, that most of the CEO's were already part of the NS DAP movement.
"To put it quite clearly: we have an economic programme. Point No. 13 in that programme demands the nationalisation of all public companies, in other words socialis ation, or what is known here as socia lism. … the basic principle of my Party’s economic programme should be made perfectly clear and that is the principle of authority… the good of the community takes priority over that of the individual. But the State should retain control; every owner should feel himself to be an agent of the State; it is his duty not to misuse his possessions to the detriment of the State or the interests of his fellow countrymen. That is the overriding point. The Third Reich will always retain the right to control property owners. If you say that the bourgeoisie is tearing its hair over the question of private property, that does not affect me in the least. Does the bourgeoisie expect some consideration from me?… Today’s bourgeoisie is rotten to the core; it has no ideals any more; all it wants to do is earn money and so it does me what damage it can. The bourgeois press does me damage too and would like to consign me and my movement to the devil.“
— Adolf Hit ler, Hitl er's interview with Richard Breiting, 1931, published in Edouard Calic, ed.
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@kevintewey1157 " just because you say I am wrong just not prove it bring your citations and $1,000 if you win you get the bet"
According to the philosopher behind the fascist ideology, Giovanni Gentile:
"The Fascist, on the other hand, conceives philosophy as a philosophy of practice (”praxis”). That concept was the product of certain Marxist and Sorellian inspirations (many Fascists and the Duce, himself, received their first intellectual education in the school of Marx and Sorel)—as well as the influence of contemporary Italian idealistic doctrines from which Fascist mentality drew substance and achieved maturity.“
"It is necessary to distinguish between socialism and socialism—in fact, between idea and idea of the same socialist conception, in order to distinguish among them those that are inimical to Fascism. It is well known that Sorellian syndicalism, out of which the thought and the political method of Fascism emerged—conceived itself the genuine interpretation of Marxist communism. The dynamic conception of history, in which force as violence functions as an essential, is of unquestioned Marxist origin. Those notions flowed into other currents of contemporary thought, that have themselves, via alternative routes, arrived at a vindication of the form of State—implacable, but absolutely rational—that finds historic necessity in the very spiritual dynamism through which it realizes itself.“
Che cosa è il fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche (“What is Fascism?”), Florence: Vallecchi, (1925) pp. 42-45, 47-48, 49-51, 56,Origins and Doctrine of Fascism, A. James Gregor, translator and editor, Transaction Publishers, 2003, p. 59
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@kevintewey1157 "" just because you say I am wrong just not prove it bring your citations and $1,000 if you win you get the bet""
Then what they thought about the State, from their "Doctrine of Fascism" written by both Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile:
"A nti-individualistic, the Fas cist conception of life stresses the importance of the State and accepts the individual only in so far as his interests coincide with those of the State, which stands for the conscience and the universal, will of man as a historic entity. It is opposed to classical liberalism which arose as a reaction to absolutism and exhausted its historical function when the State became the expression of the conscience and will of the people. Liberalism denied the State in the name of the individual; Fas cism reasserts The rights of the State as expressing the real essence of the individual. And if liberty is to he the attribute of living men and not of abstract dummies invented by individualistic liberalism, then Fas cism stands for liberty, and for the only liberty worth having, the liberty of the State and of the individual within the State. The Fa scist conception of the State is all embracing; outside of it no human or spiritual values can exist, much less have value. Thus understood, Fas cism, is totalitarian, and the Fasc ist State - a synthesis and a unit inclusive of all values - interprets, develops, and potentates the whole life of a people."
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@kevintewey1157 "" just because you say I am wrong just not prove it bring your citations and $1,000 if you win you get the bet""
And what they thought about the State and economy, from their "Doctrine of Fascism" written by both Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile:
"The State, as conceived and realized by Fascism, is a spiritual and ethical entity for securing the political, juridical, and economic organization of the nation, an organization which in its origin and growth is a manifestation of the spirit."
"Fascism desires the State to be strong and organic, based on broad foundations of popular support. The Fascist State lays claim to rule in the economic field no less than in others; it makes its action felt throughout the length and breadth of the country by means of its corporative, social, and educational institutions, and all the political, economic, and spiritual forces of the nation, organized in their respective associations, circulate within the State"
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Wrong definition and Wiki is not a credible source in the first place. Try actual history books; Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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"that fascism is not an ideology but a framework which operates on the entire political and religious spectrum. "
Fascism most certainly was an ideology. In fact, a very specific ideology based on revolutionary National Syndicalism and Neo-Hegelian philosophy. It was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
*
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@mikelubey "The word socialist in the party name context meant more populist at that time. "
Wrong. Had nothing to do with "populism". They had the word in the party name because it signified what National Socialists were advocating for, that is, socialism on a national level.
"The first three principles were clear, and they are inseparable from each other. Socialism as the final concept of duty, the ethical duty of work, not just for oneself but also for one’s fellow man’s sake, and above all the principle: Common good before own good, a struggle against all parasitism and especially against easy and unearned income. And we were aware that in this fight we can rely on no one but our own people. We are convinced that socialism in the right sense will only be possible in nations and races that are Aryan, and there in the first place we hope for our own people and are convinced that socialism is inseparable from nationalism. (Loud applause)
To be nationalist does not mean for us to belong to one party or another, but to show with every action that one benefits the people; it means love for all the people without exception.From this point of view we will realize that it is necessary to preserve the most precious thing a people has, the sum of all active creative powers of its workers, to keep it healthy in body and soul.(Cheers) And this view of nationalism compels us to immediately form a front against its opposite, the Semitic conception of the idea of people (Volk), and especially against the Semitic concept of work. Since we are socialists, we must necessarily also be antisemites because we want to fight against the very opposite: materialism and mammonism. (Lively bravo!)
And when today the Jew still runs into our factories and says: How can you be a socialist antisemite? Are not you ashamed? – there comes a time in which we will ask: How can you not be an antisemite, being a socialist! (Hear, hear) There comes a time when it will be obvious that socialism can only be carried out accompanied by nationalism and antisemitism. The three concepts are inseparably connected. They are the foundations of our program and therefore we call ourselves National Socialists. (Cheers)"
"Why We Are Anti-Semites" (August 15, 1920 speech in Munich at the Hofbräuhaus).
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@NBrioDaZueraRules "nati onal socia lism was capit alist and a nti-soc ialist"
Wrong. Hit ler was a devout soci alist who detested capit alism since according to him, it was a "jewish ploy".
Nobody in the N azi party were against social ism. None.
"Socia lism as the final concept of duty, the ethical duty of work, not just for oneself but also for one's fellow man's sake, and above all the principle: Common good before own good, a struggle against all para sitism and especially against easy and unearned income. And we were aware that in this fight we can rely on no one but our own people. We are convinced that socia lism in the right sense will only be possible in nations and races that are Ary an, and there in the first place we hope for our own people and are convinced that social ism is inseparable from nation alism. ... Since we are soci alists, we must necessarily also be antisemites because we want to fight against the very opposite: materialism and mammonism... How can you not be an an tise mite, being a socia list!"
"Why We Are An ti-Se mit es," August 15, 1920 speech in Munich at the Hofbräuhaus.
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z1 "the sys tem of economics most associated with fasc ism is Corpo ratism , not soci alism..."
Wrong. Corp oratism is not an economic system. Fas cist economy was based on socia lism and it was managed via corpora tism, which was a gover nment body that brought together federations of workers and employers syndicates belonging to the same profession and branch, to regulate production in a holistic manner. Each trade union would theoretically represent its professional concerns, especially by negotiation of labour contracts and the like.
The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose wasn't the promotion of private interest, but the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Muss olini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
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Wrong definition. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@maxfan1591 Wrong. They were far-left socialists.
The fact that the capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alternative of Marxism or Nazism, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marxists. Capitalists don't like to be killed any more than other people do.
Nazis believed, just like the Fascists, that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society.
They were politically, socially and econo mically anti-cons ervative, since they didn't want to preserve the status quo nor did they want to bring back Monarchy / Kaiser. The conservatives thought Hitler would end the Republic and bring back Mon archy and Kaiser. They were wrong.
Hitler's point was that Marxism must be rejected NOT because it is soci alist, but because it is in cahoots with international finance capital. In fact, Hitler thought the Marxists were INSINCERE about their socialism. This being-in-cahoots of capitalism and Marxism (through the Je ws) is the MAIN point made in Mein Kampf. And is the reason why, for the Nazis, socialism had to become nationalist. That socialism had to become nationalist, did not, however, mean that it went right-wing.
Owning prop erty was made conditi onal and private property rights were abolished with the Reich stag fire decree on February 28, 1933. The Na zis suspended a number of articles of the Weimar Constitution; Among these were Article 115 and Article 153. Article 115 said: "The dw elling of every German is his sanctuary and is inviolable. Exceptions may be imposed by authority of law." Article 153 also guaranteed property. Obviously, they did not confiscate everyone's property, however all pro perty always could be confiscated by the state and a certain amount was. Industry was divided into 13 sectors and placed under the control of the state.
They nationalized unions into one single nation wide union known as the Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF, or Ger man La bor Front). The DAF created a single overarching labor union. Essentially all German workers and employees in every econ omic sector belonged to the DAF. For exa mple, far mers were coordinated into the Reich Food Estate. While traditional unions prioritized workers’ rights, the DAF emphasized national econo mic goals above perso nal well-being.
Under the newly created German Labor Front (DAF), the Na zis set high wages, overtime pay was generous, and dismissal of workers by employers was difficult to execute, but inflation and stricter labor laws eroded much of that advantage.
It was a well known fact before and during the war, that Hi tler's National Soci alist party was an alter native, socialist school of thought which rejected the marxist version of socialism, and capitalism respectively... hence they called themselves a 3rd position.
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Just to clarify, the economic system the Fascists used, was socialism via Corporatism (National/Fascist Syndicalism). Corporatism ("corporativismo" in Italian) was one of the cornerstone principles in Mussolini's fascism, and had to do with the way society and the economy would be organized, with state power at the head of a system of syndicates ("corporazione") representing each major industry. Mussolini's corporatist view stressed total state power over businesses as much as over individuals, via these governing industry bodies controlled by the Fascist party, in which businesses retained the responsibilities of property, but few if any of the freedoms. The idea was to let the state control and direct the economy from the top-down without itself owning the means of production.
From "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri (1936).
"... Fascism decrees that the productive forces of the nation cannot be any longer at the mercy of the individual’s selfishness and greed, but must be brought, instead, under the supreme discipline of the State.
By delimiting thus the field of action of capital and labor, by harmonizing production and distribution to the actual needs of the nation, the legislation of Fascism has accomplished in the realm of Economics what no legislation of any other political system has ever been able to accomplish; namely, a co-ordination of all the economic forces of the nation so that the material life of the people may be free of struggles, strikes, unemployment, class war, concentrated wealth and widespread misery.
To bring about such a magic transformation of the economic life of the nation, Fascism has made use of the most characteristic phenomenon of the modern era: the syndicalist phenomenon. Originated as an instrument of the war of classes, syndicalism attempted to organize the various categories of workers in syndical organizations having no other goal than the protection of the material welfare of their own members. These organizations were devoted thus to the furthering of supremely particularized interests, ready to set themselves against each other and against the State itself, whenever those interests were menaced or conflicted with others.
The problem which presented itself as an ominous menace upon the horizon of Fascism at the outset of its very life in Italy was, therefore, to bring at once the phenomenon of syndicalism under the authority of the State, and, successively, to transform its original aim of protecting the interests of the proletariat into protecting the interests of the whole nation.
This could be accomplished only by enlarging the narrow form of the original syndicalist organizations into larger forms which would include all the citizens of the nation into an all-comprehensive national manifestation. This manifestation of the Italians of all classes, all professions, all trades and all creeds into the framework of one enormous and far-reaching organization, which has for its end the material welfare of the whole, is called National Syndicalism.
This National Syndicalism represents the first attempt made to bring the egotistic claims of the individual under the discipline of the Sovereign State; for the realization of an aim which transcends the welfare of the individual and identifies itself with the prosperity of the whole nation.
To make this discipline possible, and the sovereignty effective in practice as well as in theory, Fascism has devised the “Corporazione,” an instrument of social life destined to exercise the most far-reaching influence upon the economic development of Fascist States. (The Italian word “Corporazione” which is currently translated into English by the apparently analogous word “Corporation,” means, more exactly in the Italian language, what the word “Guild” means in English; that is: associations of persons engaged in kindred pursuits. We shall nevertheless follow the general usage to obviate the danger of misunderstandings.)
Within the Corporations the interests of producers and consumers, employers and employees, individuals and associations are interlocked and integrated in a unique and univocal way, while all types of interests are brought under the aegis of the State. Finally, through these corporations the State may at any time that it deems fit, or that the need requires, intervene within the economic life of the individual to let the supreme interests of the nation have precedence over his private, particular interests, even to the point where his work, his savings, his whole fortune may be pledged, and if absolutely necessary, sacrificed."
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@wodidos That is literally what the Fascists themselves said about it. From their "Philosophy of Fascism" by Mario Palmieri, 1936;
"The historical continuity of political forms, social organization, religious expression and spiritual aspirations, in the life of the Italian people, which had lasted two thousand years and had been broken only in the last few centuries of servitude to foreigners and their foreign ways of living, has been at last restored by Fascism, which is the direct heir of Roman traditions and of Roman ideals.
Fascism means, in fact, the return to Order, to Authority, to Law; the return to the Roman conception of human Society, conception which those centuries of oblivion could obscure but never efface.
Fascism is, in other words, intimately connected to Roman; its mission is the continuation of the mission of Rome; its heritage is the legacy of Rome.
There are some things Rome symbolized in the golden age of its glory which were and still are of supreme significance to mankind; things of the spirit of an eternal and absolute value which Fascism wants restored to their rightful supremacy."
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"Fascism is a far-right form of government"
Wrong. Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@TenebrisNatus "The core of fascist ideology is anti socialism, "
Wrong. Fascism was never anti-socialist. They were specifically anti-Marxist. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@maxfan1591 Wrong. They were far-left socialists.
The fact that the capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alternative of Marxism or Nazism, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marxists. Capitalists don't like to be killed any more than other people do.
Nazis believed, just like the Fascists, that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society.
They were politically, socially and econo mically anti-cons ervative, since they didn't want to preserve the status quo nor did they want to bring back Monarchy / Kaiser. The conservatives thought Hitler would end the Republic and bring back Mon archy and Kaiser. They were wrong.
Hitler's point was that Marxism must be rejected NOT because it is soci alist, but because it is in cahoots with international finance capital. In fact, Hit ler thought the Marxists were INSINCERE about their socialism. This being-in-cahoots of capitalism and Mar xism (through the Je ws) is the MAIN point made in Mei n K ampf. And is the reason why, for the Nazis, socialism had to become nationalist. That socialism had to become nation alist, did not, however, mean that it went right-wing.
Owning prop erty was made conditi onal and private property rights were abolished with the Reich stag fire decree on February 28, 1933. The Na zis suspended a number of articles of the Weimar Constitution; Among these were Article 115 and Article 153. Article 115 said: "The dw elling of every German is his sanctuary and is inviolable. Exceptions may be imposed by authority of law." Article 153 also guaranteed property. Obviously, they did not confiscate everyone's property, however all pro perty always could be confiscated by the state and a certain amount was. Industry was divided into 13 sectors and placed under the control of the state.
They nationalized unions into one single nation wide union known as the Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF, or German La bor Front). The DAF created a single overarching labor union. Essentially all German workers and employees in every economic sector belonged to the DAF. For example, far mers were coordinated into the Reich Fo od Estate. While traditional unions prioritized workers’ rights, the DAF emphasized national economic goals above personal well-being.
Under the newly created German Labor Front (DAF), the Na zis set high wages, overtime pay was generous, and dismissal of workers by employers was difficult to execute, but inflation and stricter labor laws eroded much of that advantage.
It was a well known fact before and during the war, that Hi tler's National Soci alist party was an alter native, socialist school of thought which rejected the marxist version of socialism, and capitalism respectively... hence they called themselves a 3rd position.
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@rn6312 Yet one of the many things ignorant Americans get wrong. First of all, Paul is a (classical) Liberal. Libertarianism is a socialist ideology and movement, founded and coined by a French Anarcho-Communist, Joseph Déjacque. Secondly, (classical) Liberalism is a Far-Right ideology in our modern day political spectrum, as it advocates for free market and laissez-faire economics and civil liberties under the rule of law, with special emphasis on property rights, individual autonomy, limited government, economic freedom, political freedom and freedom of speech. Meanwhile Far-Left advocates for socialism and collectivism.
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@comradederek2309 "Yes, fascism is generally considered a far-right political ideology."
Except neither socialism nor revolutionary National Syndicalism are Right wing positions. Also Mussolini himself said, that Fascism came from the Left.
“Our programs are definitely equal to our revolutionary ideas and they belong to what in democratic regime is called “left”; our institutions are a direct result of our programs and our ideal is the Labor State. In this case there can be no doubt: we are the working class in struggle for life and death, against capitalism. We are the revolutionaries in search of a new order. If this is so, to invoke help from the bourgeoisie by waving the red peril is an absurdity. The real scarecrow, the real danger, the threat against which we fight relentlessly, comes from the right. It is not at all in our interest to have the capitalist bourgeoisie as an ally against the threat of the red peril, even at best it would be an unfaithful ally, which is trying to make us serve its ends, as it has done more than once with some success. I will spare words as it is totally superfluous. In fact, it is harmful, because it makes us confuse the types of genuine revolutionaries of whatever hue, with the man of reaction who sometimes uses our very language.”
— Mussolini, speech on April 22, 1945 in Milan.
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@comradederek2309 Now when it comes to the actual definition of Fascism; it was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on revolutionary National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel (Sorelianism). It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare" / "historical materialism"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@chrisbarron5861 "But if you disagree, then what key features identify fascism as being, well, fascist ? Does there need to be oppressive control and genocide first ?"
Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@matthewkopp2391 "And there was a socialist wing of the Nazi, they were all murdered during the night of the long knives."
Except Night of the Long Knives had nothing to do with socialism / socialists whatsoever. During the night they mostly targeted right-wing nationalists, as well as former supporters whom they believed betrayed the Nazis.
It was simply about the power struggle between Hitler and Röhm. As early as April 1934, Himmler and Heydrich began to conspire with Göring to persuade Hitler to eliminate Röhm. In mid-1934, they planted rumors and evidence that Röhm was planning to overthrow the regime. Meanwhile, President von Hindenburg, the leadership of the Reichswehr, and Hitler’s conservative coalition partners, including Vice-Chancellor von Papen, issued warnings about the increasingly radical Nazi regime. If the “revolutionary elements” of the Nazi regime were not brought under control, the army leaders threatened to overthrow the Hitler government and place the country under martial law.
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@bogdanzivkovic8711 : Wrong. You have no clue what you are talking about.
The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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@onedroprule : Nothing false about it. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@kaneinkansas "Add to that: an ideology that merges corporate and state power into an oligarchic authoritarian system; it is impelled by the concentration of wealth and power by those who have wealth and power and do not want to share it. It makes use of other ideologies and systems, such as religious religiosity to consolidate and facilitate its perpetual ascendancy - it is, therefore, increasingly (over time) authoritarian in its practice. It will lie about its objectives if that facilitates its perpetuation. It views anything that is not fascist as communism/socialism."
This has very little to do with Fascism however, and is more aligned with Corporatocracy. The proper definition of Fascism is as follows: a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile*
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@IsomerSoma "but their economic policy involved the abolishment of works unions,"
No. They nationalized and merged them into one single nation wide union known as the Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF, or German Labor Front). The DAF created a single overarching labor union. Essentially all German workers and employees in every economic sector belonged to the DAF. For example, farmers were coordinated into the Reich Food Estate. While traditional unions prioritized workers’ rights, the DAF emphasized national economic goals above personal well-being.
Speaking of unions, Hitler was simply imitating Lenin, who had earlier closed down all independent labor associations, factory committees and worker cooperatives, banned strikes, walkouts, and lockouts. Lenin even forced workers to work a slavish 80-hour week. After the Bolsheviks banned all labor unions, one unionist “described the unions as ‘living corpses.’” Any Russian worker who participated in general strikes was arrested, imprisoned or shot. Under Lenin’s regime, workers had no real representation or bargaining rights and were treated like industrial serfs who were chained to their factories. Although Hitler followed Lenin’s nationalizing craze, his treatment of workers did not mimic their Russian counterparts.
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The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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"The story goes that Liberal Capitalism leads to the exploitation of the working class, and the two movements in response to this are Fascism (let's make it permanent)"
Wrong. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist ideology based on national syndicalism which opposed capitalism. It was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose wasn't the promotion of private interest, but the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
Ideologically, where the Fascists diverged from the Marxists was in their rejection of the narrative of class warfare, which they saw as utterly repudiated by the behavior of "the proletariat" during World War I, where rather than join together in a mutual overthrow of capitalism, the working class of each country stayed in lockstep with national loyalties and slaughtered their supposed foreign class brethren. Both the Fascists and Marxists despised Liberalism, and saw it as having a perverse role in atomizing the individual from society. Mussolini's favored intellectual, Giovanni Gentile, freely acknowledged Fascism' kinship with Marxism through Sorellian Syndicalism.
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Wrong definition and Wiki is not a credible source in the first place. Try actual history books; Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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Except Fascism wasn't anti-socialism nor did they reject economic principles based on socialist frameworks. They specifically embraced them. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@TenebrisNatus "The core of fascist ideology is anti socialism, "
Wrong. Fascism was never anti-socialist. They were specifically anti-Marxist. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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Wrong definition. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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"Try criticize a socialist country that doesnt have an embargo."
The embargo does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The embargo did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The embargo is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;"
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Wrong definition and Stanley has no clue what he was talking about. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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Wrong definition as Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@Selma_109 : How about try an actual history book. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
.... nothing to do with Trump nor any American politician whatsoever.
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@smithjohnsonwilliams "Source: trust me bro."
No, the source is the philosopher behind the ideology itself, Giova nni Gen tile. Read for yourself.
"It is necessary to distinguish between soci alism and sociali sm—in fact, between idea and idea of the same soci alist conception, in order to distinguish among them those that are inimical to Fasc ism. It is well known that Sorel lian syndic alism, out of which the thought and the political method of Fas cism emerged—conceived itself the genuine interpretation of M arxist comm unism. The dynamic conception of history, in which force as violence functions as an essential, is of unquestioned Marx ist origin. Those notions flowed into other currents of contemporary thought, that have themselves, via alternative routes, arrived at a vindication of the form of Sta te—implacable, but absolutely rational—that finds historic necessity in the very spiritual dynamism through which it real izes itself.“
"The Fas cist, on the other hand, conceives philosophy as a philosophy of practice (”pra xis”). That concept was the product of certain Mar xist and Sore llian inspirations (many Fasc ists and the Duce, himself, received their first intellectual education in the school of Ma rx and So rel)—as well as the influence of contemporary Italian idealistic doctrines from which Fasc ist mentality drew substance and achieved maturity.“
— Giovanni Gentile , Origins and Doctrine of Fas cism
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@criticalLocus "The Nazis used the term "socialism" to appeal to working-class Germans and to contrast themselves with international socialism (Marxism).... the Nazis' use of "socialism" in their name was partly a propaganda tool to win over working-class Germans and distance themselves from traditional conservative elites. "
It had nothing to do with appeal nor propaganda. They chose the name because it represented what they were advocating for, that is, socialism on a national level instead of international.
"The first three principles were clear, and they are inseparable from each other. Socialism as the final concept of duty, the ethical duty of work, not just for oneself but also for one’s fellow man’s sake, and above all the principle: Common good before own good, a struggle against all parasitism and especially against easy and unearned income. And we were aware that in this fight we can rely on no one but our own people. We are convinced that socialism in the right sense will only be possible in nations and races that are Aryan, and there in the first place we hope for our own people and are convinced that socialism is inseparable from nationalism. (Loud applause)
To be nationalist does not mean for us to belong to one party or another, but to show with every action that one benefits the people; it means love for all the people without exception.From this point of view we will realize that it is necessary to preserve the most precious thing a people has, the sum of all active creative powers of its workers, to keep it healthy in body and soul.(Cheers) And this view of nationalism compels us to immediately form a front against its opposite, the Semitic conception of the idea of people (Volk), and especially against the Semitic concept of work. Since we are socialists, we must necessarily also be antisemites because we want to fight against the very opposite: materialism and mammonism. (Lively bravo!)
And when today the Jew still runs into our factories and says: How can you be a socialist antisemite? Are not you ashamed? – there comes a time in which we will ask: How can you not be an antisemite, being a socialist! (Hear, hear) There comes a time when it will be obvious that socialism can only be carried out accompanied by nationalism and antisemitism. The three concepts are inseparably connected. They are the foundations of our program and therefore we call ourselves National Socialists. (Cheers)"
— "Why We Are Anti-Semites" (August 15, 1920 speech in Munich at the Hofbräuhaus).
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@criticalLocus "Their policies did not include the redistribution of wealth or collective ownership of the means of production—key tenets of socialism."
Wrong. Their policies included the collective ownership of the means of production, as the State was in control. Nazis implemented a socialist Command economy, where the State decided what was to be produced, in what quantity, by what methods, and to whom it was to be distributed, as well as what prices would be charged and what wages would be paid.
"To put it quite clearly: we have an economic programme. Point No. 13 in that programme demands the nationalisation of all public companies, in other words socialisation, or what is known here as socialism. … the basic principle of my Party’s economic programme should be made perfectly clear and that is the principle of authority… the good of the community takes priority over that of the individual. But the State should retain control; every owner should feel himself to be an agent of the State; it is his duty not to misuse his possessions to the detriment of the State or the interests of his fellow countrymen. That is the overriding point. The Third Reich will always retain the right to control property owners. If you say that the bourgeoisie is tearing its hair over the question of private property, that does not affect me in the least. Does the bourgeoisie expect some consideration from me?… Today’s bourgeoisie is rotten to the core; it has no ideals any more; all it wants to do is earn money and so it does me what damage it can. The bourgeois press does me damage too and would like to consign me and my movement to the devil.“
— Adolf Hitler, Hitler's interview with Richard Breiting, 1931, published in Edouard Calic, ed.
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@criticalLocus "This is more akin to a corporatist economy, a hallmark of fascism, rather than socialism."
Wrong. Nothing to do with such a thing and Fascism didn't it either, as they had Corporatism, which is a form of socialism as well. Regarding socialism, it is an economic system where the collective (such as workers, guilds, syndicates, unions, the government etc.) either directly own or control the buildings and tools that make goods and services like farms and factories. This can be achieved through decentralized and direct worker-ownership, or through centralized state-ownership or control of the means of production. Both Fascism and National Socialism had the latter.
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@criticalLocus "The Nazis violently opposed left-wing movements, targeting communists, socialists, and trade unions as enemies of the state."
The entire Nazi regime consisted of former members of other leftist movements. They had no problems with neither Left wing nor socialism itself. They opposed Marxism specifically. Regardless, every socialist one-party dictatorship opposed their left-wing, socialist rivals. Including the Bolsheviks. Regarding unions, both Hitler and Mussolini were simply imitating Lenin, who had earlier closed down all independent labor associations, factory committees and worker cooperatives, banned strikes, walkouts, and lockouts. Lenin even forced workers to work a slavish 80-hour week. After the Bolsheviks banned all labor unions, one unionist “described the unions as ‘living corpses.’” Any Russian worker who participated in general strikes was arrested, imprisoned or shot. Under Lenin’s regime, workers had no real representation or bargaining rights and were treated like industrial serfs who were chained to their factories. Although Hitler and Mussolini followed Lenin’s nationalizing craze, their treatment of workers did not mimic their Russian counterparts.
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"since everybody else is agreed that it's fasc ism, "
Wrong. Only certain am urican leftists think like that. Meanwhile history and reality disagrees. Fasc ism was a totalitarian far-left, socia list ideology based on national syndicalism. It was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose wasn't the promotion of private interest, but the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
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@MWhaleK "how they want after trade/Labor Unions and actual socialists "
Every single socialist one-party dictatorship did the exact same thing. Ever heard of the Bolsheviks and their October Revolution? and about the Great purge which came after? In fact, both Hitler and Mussolini were simply imitating Lenin, who had earlier closed down all independent labor associations, factory committees and worker cooperatives, banned strikes, walkouts, and lockouts. Lenin even forced workers to work a slavish 80-hour week. After the Bolsheviks banned all labor unions, one unionist “described the unions as ‘living corpses.’” Any Russian worker who participated in general strikes was arrested, imprisoned or shot. Under Lenin’s regime, workers had no real representation or bargaining rights and were treated like industrial serfs who were chained to their factories. Although Hitler and Mussolini followed Lenin’s nationalizing craze, their treatment of workers did not mimic their Russian counterparts.
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@MWhaleK "Mussolini and Gionvanni Gentile even described their Ideology as Right wing in their Political essay "The Doctrine of Fascism"."
Wrong. They say no such thing in their 'Doctrine of Fascism'. They say the exact contrary, that Fascism was about National Syndicalism, that Marxism was doing socialism wrong and they wanted to fix it.
“The Fascist, on the other hand, conceives philosophy as a philosophy of practice (”praxis”). That concept was the product of certain Marxist and Sorellian inspirations (many Fascists and the Duce, himself, received their first intellectual education in the school of Marx and Sorel)—as well as the influence of contemporary Italian idealistic doctrines from which Fascist mentality drew substance and achieved maturity.”
_“It is necessary to distinguish between socialism and socialism—in fact, between idea and idea of the same socialist conception, in order to distinguish among them those that are inimical to Fascism. It is well known that Sorellian syndicalism, out of which the thought and the political method of Fascism emerged—conceived itself the genuine interpretation of Marxist communism. The dynamic conception of history, in which force as violence functions as an essential, is of unquestioned Marxist origin. Those notions flowed into other currents of contemporary thought, that have themselves, via alternative routes, arrived at a vindication of the form of State—implacable, but absolutely rational—that finds historic necessity in the very spiritual dynamism through which it realizes itself.” _
— Giovanni Gentile, Che cosa è il fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche (“What is Fascism?”), Florence: Vallecchi, (1925)
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@regisglass5464 "Again, why pretend you provided a quote of the doctrine of fasc ism stating fasc ism is left wing? "
There is nothing to pretend. Mussolini himself said it was a left wing movement. Learn to read.
“Our programs are definitely equal to our revolutionary ideas and they belong to what in democratic regime is called “left”; our institutions are a direct result of our programs and our ideal is the Labor State. In this case there can be no doubt: we are the working class in struggle for life and death, against capitalism. We are the revolutionaries in search of a new order. If this is so, to invoke help from the bourgeoisie by waving the red peril is an absurdity. The real scarecrow, the real danger, the threat against which we fight relentlessly, comes from the right. It is not at all in our interest to have the capitalist bourgeoisie as an ally against the threat of the red peril, even at best it would be an unfaithful ally, which is trying to make us serve its ends, as it has done more than once with some success. I will spare words as it is totally superfluous. In fact, it is harmful, because it makes us confuse the types of genuine revolutionaries of whatever hue, with the man of reaction who sometimes uses our very language.”
- Benito Mussolini, Speech on April 22, 1945 in Milan.
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@z2z3z45 "No , fascism is right-wing. "
Wrong. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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Wrong.
The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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@maxfan1591 Wrong. They were far-left socialists.
The fact that the capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alternative of Marxism or Nazism, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marxists. Capitalists don't like to be killed any more than other people do.
Nazis believed, just like the Fascists, that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society.
They were politically, socially and econo mically anti-cons ervative, since they didn't want to preserve the status quo nor did they want to bring back Monarchy / Kaiser. The conservatives thought Hitler would end the Rep ublic and bring back Mon archy and Kaiser. They were wrong.
Hitler's point was that Marxism must be rejected NOT because it is soci alist, but because it is in cahoots with international finance capital. In fact, Hitler thought the Marxists were INSINCERE about their socialism. This being-in-cahoots of capitalism and Marxism (through the Je ws) is the MAIN point made in Mein Kampf. And is the reason why, for the Nazis, socialism had to become nationalist. That socialism had to become nationalist, did not, however, mean that it went right-wing.
Owning prop erty was made conditi onal and private property rights were abolished with the Reich stag fire decree on February 28, 1933. The Na zis suspended a number of articles of the Weimar Constitution; Among these were Article 115 and Article 153. Article 115 said: "The dw elling of every German is his sanctuary and is inviolable. Exceptions may be imposed by authority of law." Article 153 also guara nteed property. Obvi ously, they did not confiscate everyone's property, however all pro perty always could be confiscated by the state and a certain amount was. Industry was divid ed into 13 sec tors and placed under the control of the state.
They nationalized unions into one single nation wide union known as the Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF, or German La bor Front). The DAF created a single overarching labor union. Essentially all German workers and employees in every economic sector belonged to the DAF. For example, far mers were coordinated into the Reich Food Estate. While traditional unions prioritized workers’ rights, the DAF emphasized national economic goals above personal well-being.
Under the newly created German Labor Front (DAF), the Na zis set high wages, overtime pay was generous, and dismissal of workers by employers was difficult to execute, but inflation and stricter labor laws eroded much of that advantage.
It was a well known fact before and during the war, that Hi tler's National Soci alist party was an alter native, socialist school of thought which rejected the marxist version of socialism, and capitalism respectively... hence they called themselves a 3rd position.
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@nerag7459 "Fascism supports private property rights and the existence of a market economy and very wealthy individuals."
Wrong, Wrong and Wrong. Fascism didn't support private property and it made owning property conditional and dependent on bending the knee to the State apparatus. Individual ownership rights were understood to be strictly subordinate to collective discipline. It was not the individual ownership of property that concerned Fascists, but its subordination to collective control. Property was understood to perform social functions rather than to manifest individual rights. It was clear that the conception of property as a social function was broad enough to include socialization of the means of production, should that be required by the national interests as interpreted by the state.
Fascism opposed market based economies, since their whole ideology was based around the supremacy of the State apparatus, which would also decide what was to be produced, in what quantity, by what methods, and to whom it was to be distributed, as well as what prices would be charged and what wages would be paid, for the benefit of the nation as a whole.
Fascism opposed wealthy individuals in their own way, because according to them, private wealth belongs not only to the individual, but in a symbolic sense, to the State as well.
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@Kurgan19XX "that that Nazi's were Fascists."
Wrong. Again, Nazis were National Socialists. Fascists were Fascists. Anyone who disagrees with this basic historical fact is not a credible source for this subject. Even Hitler, Goebbels, Mussolini etc. themselves, were very clear about this, that while they were "brothers in arms", they were fundamentally different ideologies.
"One might say that Fascism has reacted upon the creative life of the Italian people somewhat like sterilization. It is, after all, nothing like National Socialism. While the latter goes down to the roots, Fascism is only a superficial thing. That is regrettable, but one must recognize it clearly. National Socialism is really a way of life."
- Dr. Joseph Goebbels, The Goebbels Diaries
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@Kurgan19XX "Fascism is an Ultranationalist movement based around some mythical rebirth of the nation"
It wasn't about some random "mythical rebirth of the nation". They were very clear, that they wanted to bring back traditions and way related to the Roman Empire.
"Fascism means, in fact, the return to Order, to Authority, to Law; the return to the Roman conception of human Society, conception which those centuries of oblivion could obscure but never efface. Fascism is, in other words, intimately connected to Roman; its mission is the continuation of the mission of Rome; its heritage is the legacy of Rome. There are some things Rome symbolized in the golden age of its glory which were and still are of supreme significance to mankind; things of the spirit of an eternal and absolute value which Fascism wants restored to their rightful supremacy."
- Philosophy of Fascism, Mario Palmieri, 1936
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@Kurgan19XX "they had economic planning Command economy, the Nazi's had NOTHING of the like, they allowed businesses to make their own decisions, they didn't really nationalize anything,"
Wrong, Wrong and Wrong. Again, both Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy had a socialist Command economy. They didn't allow business to make their own decisions, since the government decided what was to be produced, in what quantity, by what methods, and to whom it was to be distributed, as well as what prices would be charged and what wages would be paid. Both nationalized their industry and had one of the largest govenrment owned public sector throughout the 1930s.
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@Kurgan19XX "crushed Unions and Wages "
Every socialist regime did that. In fact, Hitler was simply imitating Lenin, who had earlier closed down all independent labor associations, factory committees and worker cooperatives, banned strikes, walkouts, and lockouts. Lenin even forced workers to work a slavish 80-hour week. After the Bolsheviks banned all labor unions, one unionist “described the unions as ‘living corpses.’” Any Russian worker who participated in general strikes was arrested, imprisoned or shot. Under Lenin’s regime, workers had no real representation or bargaining rights and were treated like industrial serfs who were chained to their factories. Although Hitler followed Lenin’s nationalizing craze, his treatment of workers did not mimic their Russian counterparts.
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@Kurgan19XX "you also have no idea what Capitalism and Socialism are either,"
Both are economic systems;
Capitalism, based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit. Central characteristics of capitalism include capital accumulation, competitive markets, price systems, private property, property rights recognition, voluntary exchange, and wage labor.
Socialism, based on collective (such as workers, guilds, the government etc.) ownership or control of buildings and tools that make goods and services like farms and factories. This can be achieved through decentralized and direct worker-ownership, or through centralized state-ownership or control of the means of production.
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Wrong.
The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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@ryanmackenzie6109 : "On another video elsewhere, I saw someone unironically say that Fascism was inherently socialist"
And they were correct. By definition, Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel (Sorelianism). It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@jnagarya519 "Hitler was not a socialist. "
Wrong. By definition he was, and according to his own words as well. He literally self-identified as a socialist.
"Socialism as the final concept of duty, the ethical duty of work, not just for oneself but also for one's fellow man's sake, and above all the principle: Common good before own good, a struggle against all parasitism and especially against easy and unearned income. And we were aware that in this fight we can rely on no one but our own people. We are convinced that socialism in the right sense will only be possible in nations and races that are Aryan, and there in the first place we hope for our own people and are convinced that socialism is inseparable from nationalism ... Since we are socialists, we must necessarily also be antisemites because we want to fight against the very opposite: materialism and mammonism... How can you not be an antisemite, being a socialist!"
"Why We Are Anti-Semites," August 15, 1920 speech in Munich at the Hofbräuhaus.
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@jnagarya519 "But as I detailed, he first targeted for extermination Communists, socialists, and trade unionists. "
Again, He didn't go after socialists in general. Hitler himself was a proud one himself. He went after marxists and their political rivals ... also done by both Lenin and Stalin. Regarding unions, again, He went after independent ones, just like Lenin did... however Hitler wanted unions to be nationalized, which he did, and to be merged into one single nation wide union, which he did.
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@silviobleta "Everything regarding fascism is in complete antithesis to far-left ideologies, in literally every way, from the economic standpoints "
Wrong. First, Fascism and National Socialism were two fundamentally different, 3rd position socialist ideologies. Secondly, Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@silviobleta "at cost of workers under them that suffered horrendously due to union-busting,"
Both Fascists and National Socialists nationalized their unions. So called "union-busting" happened under every single socialist regime. In fact, both Hitler and Mussolini were simply imitating Lenin, who had earlier closed down all independent labor associations, factory committees and worker cooperatives, banned strikes, walkouts, and lockouts. Lenin even forced workers to work a slavish 80-hour week. After the Bolsheviks banned all labor unions, one unionist “described the unions as ‘living corpses.’” Any Russian worker who participated in general strikes was arrested, imprisoned or shot. Under Lenin’s regime, workers had no real representation or bargaining rights and were treated like industrial serfs who were chained to their factories. Although Hitler and Mussolini followed Lenin’s nationalizing craze, their treatment of workers did not mimic their Russian counterparts.
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@maxfan1591 Wrong. They were far-left socialists.
The fact that the capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alternative of Marxism or Nazism, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marxists. Capitalists don't like to be killed any more than other people do.
Nazis believed, just like the Fascists, that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society.
They were politically, socially and econo mically anti-cons ervative, since they didn't want to preserve the status quo nor did they want to bring back Monarchy / Kaiser. The conservatives thought Hitler would end the Republic and bring back Mon archy and Kaiser. They were wrong.
Hitler's point was that Marxism must be rejected NOT because it is soci alist, but because it is in cahoots with international finance capital. In fact, Hitler thought the Marxists were INSINCERE about their socialism. This being-in-cahoots of capitalism and Marxism (through the Je ws) is the MAIN point made in Mein Kampf. And is the reason why, for the Nazis, socialism had to become nationalist. That socialism had to become nationalist, did not, however, mean that it went right-wing.
Owning property was made conditional and private property rights were abolished with the Reich stag fire decree on February 28, 1933. The Nazis suspended a number of articles of the Weimar Constitution; Among these were Article 115 and Article 153. Article 115 said: "The dw elling of every German is his sanctuary and is inviolable. Exceptions may be imposed by authority of law." Article 153 also guaranteed property. Obviously, they did not confiscate everyone's property, however all property always could be confiscated by the state and a certain amount was. Industry was divided into 13 sectors and placed under the control of the state.
They nationalized unions into one single nation wide union known as the Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF, or German La bor Front). The DAF created a single overarching labor union. Essentially all German workers and employees in every economic sector belonged to the DAF. For example, far mers were coordinated into the Reich Food Estate. While traditional unions prioritized workers’ rights, the DAF emphasized national economic goals above personal well-being.
Under the newly created German Labor Front (DAF), the Nazis set high wages, overtime pay was generous, and dismissal of workers by employers was difficult to execute, but inflation and stricter labor laws eroded much of that advantage.
It was a well known fact before and during the war, that Hitler's National Socialist party was an alternative, socialist school of thought which rejected the marxist version of socialism, and capitalism respectively... hence they called themselves a 3rd position.
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"Most of Cubas problems are related to the US embargo of Cubs going on 60 years. "
Nope.
The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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@JChow-e1c : Wrong. Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel (Sorelianism). It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@Andy1805-y8w "Early appeals to socialism were quickly dropped after coming to power, sweety."
Wrong. They were not. On the contrary, the more time went on, the more Hitler admired Soviet central planning. This was also noted and reported in the Time magazine for crying out loud.
"Most cruel joke of all, however, has been played by Hitler & Co. on those German capitalists and small businessmen who once backed National Socialism as a means of saving Germany's bourgeois economic structure from radicalism. The Nazi credo that the individual belongs to the state also applies to business. Some businesses have been confiscated outright, on others what amounts to a capital tax has been levied. Profits have been strictly controlled. Some idea of the increasing Governmental control and interference in business could be deduced from the fact that 80% of all building and 50% of all industrial orders in Germany originated last year with the Government. Hard-pressed for foodstuffs as well as funds, the Nazi regime has taken over large estates and in many instances collectivized agriculture, a procedure fundamentally similar to Russian Communism."
"Adolf Hitler: Man of the Year, 1938", Time; January 2, 1939.
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Except they ended up abolishing private property rights with the Reichstag fire degree on Feb. 28, 1933. Article 153 of the Weimar Constitution guaranteed private property, with expropriation only to occur within the due process of the law, but this article was nullified. Also in Hitler's table talks on September 3, 1942, he said that land was “national property, and in the end only given to the individual as a loan.” Hitler only recognized private property insofar as it was used according to the principle “common benefit ahead of private benefit,” which meant that if it was necessary in the common interest, the state had the right at all times to decide the way, the extent to which, and when private property was used, and the common interest was, of course, defined by the state.
Owning property was therefore conditional. You either did exactly what the Nazi government told you to do, or your business got seized and given to another. Which is why they later reorganized all industries into corporations run by members of the Nazi Party.
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"El Bloqueo has nothing to do with any of that."
There is no blocked in the first place, and even if there was;
The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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@Chinas-Hurricane-Gun ""We are free to believe this is a century of authority , a century tending to the right-wing , a fascist century" -Giovanni Gentile. Epic...💯"
Except that is not how the quote goes. Fascism was a socialist ideology based on National Syndicalism, so for obvious reasons, there is no mention of "right wing". Nice try, loonie. The fascists wanted to move to the right from marx ism, not into the right side of the spectrum. In all Right wing ideologies, the Individual is superior to the State. In Socialist ideologies the collective (such as the State) is superior to the individual.
"Granted that the XIXth century was the century of socialism, liberalism, democracy, this does not mean that the XXth century must also be the century of socialism, liberalism, democracy. Political doctrines pass; nations remain. We are free to believe that this is the century of authority, a century tending to the " right ", a Fascist century. If the XIXth century was the century of the individual (liberalism implies individualism) we are free to believe that this is the "collective" century, and therefore the century of the State. "
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@skateywatey : I have yet to hear anyone from America, advocating for Fascism. Generally it was strictly an Italian movement. British people had their own Neo-Fascist Oswald Mosley around that time, not sure about the Americans. When it comes to Fascism, it was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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Wrong.
The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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@maxfan1591 Wrong. They were far-left socialists.
The fact that the capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alternative of Marxism or Nazism, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marxists. Capitalists don't like to be killed any more than other people do.
Nazis believed, just like the Fascists, that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society.
They were politically, socially and econo mically anti-cons ervative, since they didn't want to preserve the status quo nor did they want to bring back Monarchy / Kaiser. The conservatives thought Hitler would end the Republic and bring back Mon archy and Kaiser. They were wrong.
Hitler's point was that Marxism must be rejected NOT because it is soci alist, but because it is in cahoots with international finance capital. In fact, Hitler thought the Marxists were INSINCERE about their soci alism. This being-in-cahoots of capitalism and Marxism (through the Je ws) is the MAIN point made in Mein Kampf. And is the reason why, for the Nazis, socialism had to become nation alist. That social ism had to become nation alist, did not, however, mean that it went right-wing.
Owning prop erty was made conditi onal and private property rights were abolished with the Reich stag fire decree on February 28, 1933. The Na zis suspended a number of articles of the Weimar Constitution; Among these were Article 115 and Article 153. Article 115 said: "The dw elling of every German is his sanctuary and is inviolable. Exceptions may be imposed by authority of law." Article 153 also guaranteed property. Obviously, they did not confiscate everyone's property, however all pro perty always could be confiscated by the state and a certain amount was. Industry was divided into 13 sectors and placed under the control of the state.
They nationalized unions into one single nation wide union known as the Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF, or German La bor Front). The DAF created a single overarching labor union. Essentially all German workers and employees in every economic sector belonged to the DAF. For example, far mers were coordinated into the Reich Food Estate. While traditional unions prioritized workers’ rights, the DAF emphasized national economic goals above personal well-being.
Under the newly created German Labor Front (DAF), the Na zis set high wages, overtime pay was generous, and dismissal of workers by employers was difficult to execute, but inflation and stricter labor laws eroded much of that advantage.
It was a well known fact before and during the war, that Hi tler's National Soci alist party was an alter native, socialist school of thought which rejected the marxist version of socialism, and capitalism respectively... hence they called themselves a 3rd position.
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@samuelcarmody6903 "Hitler sought to crush organised labour movements. Most of 1933 was spent persecuting socialists and trade unionists, liquidating their parties, incarcerating and in numerous cases killing their leadership and rank-and-file members "
Every socialist one-party dictatorship did that. In fact, Hitler was simply imitating Lenin, who had earlier closed down all independent labor associations, factory committees and worker cooperatives, banned strikes, walkouts, and lockouts. Lenin even forced workers to work a slavish 80-hour week. After the Bolsheviks banned all labor unions, one unionist “described the unions as ‘living corpses.’” Any Russian worker who participated in general strikes was arrested, imprisoned or shot. Under Lenin’s regime, workers had no real representation or bargaining rights and were treated like industrial serfs who were chained to their factories. Although Hitler followed Lenin’s nationalizing craze, his treatment of workers did not mimic their Russian counterparts.
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@maxfan1591 "Big business supported the Nazis. "
They didn't really. Also the fact that some capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alternative of Marxism or Nazism, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marxists. Capitalists don't like to be killed any more than other people do.
"Most cruel joke of all, however, has been played by Hitler & Co. on those German capitalists and small businessmen who once backed National Socialism as a means of saving Germany's bourgeois economic structure from radicalism. The Nazi credo that the individual belongs to the state also applies to business. Some businesses have been confiscated outright, on others what amounts to a capital tax has been levied. Profits have been strictly controlled. Some idea of the increasing Governmental control and interference in business could be deduced from the fact that 80% of all building and 50% of all industrial orders in Germany originated last year with the Government. Hard-pressed for foodstuffs as well as funds, the Nazi regime has taken over large estates and in many instances collectivized agriculture, a procedure fundamentally similar to Russian Communism."
"Adolf Hitler: Man of the Year, 1938", Time; January 2, 1939.
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@maxfan1591 "They suppressed unions, outlawed strikes and collective bargaining, and kept wages low. "
So did every socialist regime. In fact, Hitler was simply imitating Lenin, who had earlier closed down all independent labor associations, factory committees and worker cooperatives, banned strikes, walkouts, and lockouts. Lenin even forced workers to work a slavish 80-hour week. After the Bolsheviks banned all labor unions, one unionist “described the unions as ‘living corpses.’” Any Russian worker who participated in general strikes was arrested, imprisoned or shot. Under Lenin’s regime, workers had no real representation or bargaining rights and were treated like industrial serfs who were chained to their factories. Although Hitler followed Lenin’s nationalizing craze, his treatment of workers did not mimic their Russian counterparts.
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@d.b.2215 : Both were totalitarian Far-Left, socialist 3rd position ideologies, and they came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society.
Go read some history;
Fascism;
- "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
- "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
- "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
- "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
- "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
- "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
- "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
National Socialism;
- "Mein Kampf" by Hitler
- "Hitler's National Socialism" by Rainer Zitelmann
- "the Vampire Economy" by Günter Reimann
- "Omnipotent Government: The Rise of the Total State and Total War" by Ludwig Von Mises
- "Hitler's True Believers" by Robert Gellately
- "The Cause of Hitler's Germany" by Leonard Peikoff
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Wrong definition as Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@johnnysheen9615 "Fascism is extreme Right wing politics."
Wrong. Fascism was neither extreme nor Right wing. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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Only an ignorant person can say that Trump or any mainstream American politician for that matter, has something to do with Fascism. They most certainly do not. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@JuggernautOmegas : Someone is bu tt hu rt over historical facts I see. Let's begin shall we.
German na tion al sociali sts were so cialis ts, just like Italian fa scis ts were. Both opposed libe ral ca pita lism, but also inter natio nal soc ialis m, hence the concept of a “third way,” their cent raliz ed economic policies obeyed co llecti vist and soc iali st prin ciples, openly opposing ca pitali sm and the free ma rk et, favoring na tiona lism and autar chy.
Also few points were wrong in your quote:
" or authoritarian systems similar to his, including those of Adolf Hitler in Germany and Francisco Franco in Spain."
Incorrect. Fa scis ts were to talita rian, not just au tho ritari an. Same goes for Adolf's nat ion al so ciali sts and Franco's Falange. All 3 are completely different ideologies.
"In practice, fascism revolves around a ruler who uses absolute power to suppress the individual freedom of citizens, "
Incorrect. Technically Mussolini didn't have absolute power. He still had to answer to the King of Italy and also collaborate with the Pope.
Only N SD AP, Adolf's nati on al soci ali sts had absolute power over the Ger man st ate.
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@bogdanzivkovic8711 : You have no clue what you are talking about.
The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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This has nothing to do with Fascism whatsoever. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@bogdanzivkovic8711 : Wrong. You have no clue what you are talking about.
The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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"Fascism is right wing."
Wrong. Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@helios2664 "No, fascism is right wing. "
Wrong. Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@maxfan1591 Wrong. They were far-left socialists.
The fact that the capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alter native of Marxism or Nazism, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marx ists. Capit alists don't like to be killed any more than other people do.
Nazis believed, just like the Fascists, that only the Sta te can properly organize a Social ist Society.
They were politically, socially and econo mically anti-cons ervative, since they didn't want to preserve the status quo nor did they want to bring back Monarchy / Kaiser. The conservatives thought Hitler would end the Republic and bring back Mon archy and Kaiser. They were wrong.
Hitler's point was that Marxism must be rejected NOT because it is soci alist, but because it is in cahoots with international finance capital. In fact, Hitler thought the Marxists were INSINCERE about their socialism. This being-in-cahoots of capitalism and Marxism (through the Je ws) is the MAIN point made in Mein Kampf. And is the reason why, for the Nazis, socialism had to become nationalist. That socialism had to become nationalist, did not, however, mean that it went right-wing.
Owning prop erty was made conditi onal and private property rights were abolished with the Reich stag fire decree on February 28, 1933. The Na zis suspended a number of articles of the Weimar Constitution; Among these were Article 115 and Article 153. Article 115 said: "The dw elling of every German is his sanctuary and is inviolable. Exceptions may be imposed by authority of law." Article 153 also guaranteed property. Obviously, they did not confiscate everyone's property, however all pro perty always could be confiscated by the state and a certain amount was. Industry was divided into 13 sectors and placed under the control of the state.
They nationalized unions into one single nation wide union known as the Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF, or German La bor Front). The DAF created a single overarching labor union. Essentially all German workers and employees in every economic sector belonged to the DAF. For example, far mers were coordinated into the Reich Food Estate. While traditional unions prioritized workers’ rights, the DAF emphasized national economic goals above personal well-being.
Under the newly created German Labor Front (DAF), the Na zis set high wages, overtime pay was generous, and dismissal of workers by employers was difficult to execute, but inflation and stricter labor laws eroded much of that advantage.
It was a well known fact before and during the war, that Hi tler's National Soci alist party was an alter native, socialist school of thought which rejected the marxist version of socialism, and capitalism respectively... hence they called themselves a 3rd position.
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@jeyna8243 "Fascism isn't socialism, where did you get that."
Wrong. It most certainly was, and that's a historical fact. It was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist no less, called Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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The embargo does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not dictate that the cows are state property, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The embargo did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The embargo is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;"
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Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
Nothing to do with Trump nor American politics in general. Get some help for your TDS.
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@Worldmisery "but you still can't find a quote anywhere that says that fascism generally speaking does not believe in peace, ... But yet you can't find a quote anywhere saying that Mussolini supported imperialism and opposed pacifism or peace?"
Sure I can, as there were plenty. Not sure how this is relevant to this discussion though. Form their "Doctrine of Fascism" for example;
"3. First of all, as regards the future development of mankind, and quite apart from all present political considerations, Fascism does not, generally speaking, believe in the possibility or utility of perpetual peace. It therefore discards pacifism as a cloak for cowardly supine renunciation in contradistinction to self-sacrifice. War alone keys up all human energies to their maximum tension and sets the seal of nobility on those peoples who have the courage to face it. All other tests are substitutes which never place a man face to face with himself before the alternative of life or death. Therefore all doctrines which postulate peace at all costs are incompatible with Fascism. Equally foreign to the spirit of Fascism, even if accepted as useful in meeting special political situations—are all internationalistic or League superstructures which, as history shows, crumble to the ground whenever the heart of nations is deeply stirred by sentimental, idealistic or practical considerations. Fascism carries this anti-pacifistic attitude into the life of the individual. "I do not care" (me ne frego)—the proud motto of the fighting squads scrawled by a wounded man on his bandages, is not only an act of philosophic stoicism, it sums up a doctrine which is not merely political: it is evidence of a fighting spirit which accepts all risks. It signifies new style of Italian life. The Fascist accepts and loves life; he rejects and despises suicide as cowardly. Life as he understands it means duty, elevation, conquest; life must be lofty and full, it must be lived for oneself but above all for others, both near bye and far off, present and future."
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@maxfan1591 "Big business supported the Nazis. "
They didn't really. Also the fact that some capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alternative of Marxism or Nazism, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marxists. Capitalists don't like to be killed any more than other people do.
"Most cruel joke of all, however, has been played by Hitler & Co. on those German capitalists and small businessmen who once backed National Socialism as a means of saving Germany's bourgeois economic structure from radicalism. The Nazi credo that the individual belongs to the state also applies to business. Some businesses have been confiscated outright, on others what amounts to a capital tax has been levied. Profits have been strictly controlled. Some idea of the increasing Governmental control and interference in business could be deduced from the fact that 80% of all building and 50% of all industrial orders in Germany originated last year with the Government. Hard-pressed for foodstuffs as well as funds, the Nazi regime has taken over large estates and in many instances collectivized agriculture, a procedure fundamentally similar to Russian Communism."
"Adolf Hitler: Man of the Year, 1938", Time; January 2, 1939.
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@maxfan1591 "They suppressed unions, outlawed strikes and collective bargaining, and kept wages low. "
So did every socialist regime. In fact, Hitler was simply imitating Lenin, who had earlier closed down all independent labor associations, factory committees and worker cooperatives, banned strikes, walkouts, and lockouts. Lenin even forced workers to work a slavish 80-hour week. After the Bolsheviks banned all labor unions, one unionist “described the unions as ‘living corpses.’” Any Russian worker who participated in general strikes was arrested, imprisoned or shot. Under Lenin’s regime, workers had no real representation or bargaining rights and were treated like industrial serfs who were chained to their factories. Although Hitler followed Lenin’s nationalizing craze, his treatment of workers did not mimic their Russian counterparts.
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@Moby398 : Wrong. Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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The embargo does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not dictate that the cows are state property, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The embargo did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The embargo is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;"
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@maxfan1591 "Big business supported the Nazis. "
They didn't really. Also the fact that some capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alternative of Marxism or Nazism, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marxists. Capitalists don't like to be killed any more than other people do.
"Most cruel joke of all, however, has been played by Hitler & Co. on those German capitalists and small businessmen who once backed National Socialism as a means of saving Germany's bourgeois economic structure from radicalism. The Nazi credo that the individual belongs to the state also applies to business. Some businesses have been confiscated outright, on others what amounts to a capital tax has been levied. Profits have been strictly controlled. Some idea of the increasing Governmental control and interference in business could be deduced from the fact that 80% of all building and 50% of all industrial orders in Germany originated last year with the Government. Hard-pressed for foodstuffs as well as funds, the Nazi regime has taken over large estates and in many instances collectivized agriculture, a procedure fundamentally similar to Russian Communism."
"Adolf Hitler: Man of the Year, 1938", Time; January 2, 1939.
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@peeledonion991 "There was still a powerful capitalist class which owned and profited from cooperations controlled by the state."
That is not what happened under Fascism, as explained by Mussolini himself.
"The Fascist State directs and controls the entrepreneurs, whether it be in our fisheries or in our heavy industry in the Val d'Aosta. There the State actually owns the mines and carries on transport, for the railways are state property. So are many of the factories… We term it state intervention… If anything fails to work properly, the State intervenes. The capitalists will go on doing what they are told, down to the very end. They have no option and cannot put up any fight. Capital is not God; it is only a means to an end.”
— Benito Mussolini, As quoted in Talks with Mussolini, Emil Ludwig, Boston, MA, Little, Brown and Company (1933)
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Nobody is living in Fascism nor is there such a thing as "late Fascism" in the first place. Fascism hasn't been a thing since the WW2 era. It was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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You are joking, right?
The embargo does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not dictate that the cows are state property, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The embargo did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The embargo is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;"
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That is not the definition of Fascism as it had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. In fact, Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@SkyForceOne2 "fascism is far right,"
Wrong. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@RumRomeo-mu2up : Both the quote and Reagan was wrong. Liberalism is the complete opposite of Fascism and they are political and philosophical enemies. Fascism explicitly stated their position against Liberalism in their "Doctrine of Fascism". Also Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. Never had. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@regisglass5464: "where does it state it supports right wing soc ialism"
There is no such thing as "right wing soci alism", there is just different socialist ideologies. Fas cism was one of nationalistic branches, and had no problems with soci alism as long as it was used within the State and was not against the state, as said in their 'Doctrine of Fas cism'.
"Fasc ism is therefore opposed to Socia lism to which unity within the State (which amalgamates classes into a single economic and ethical reality) is unknown, and which sees in history nothing but the class struggle. Fasc ism is likewise opposed to trade unionism as a class weapon. But when brought within the orbit of the State, Fas cism recognizes the real needs which gave rise to socialism and trade unionism, giving them due weight in the guild or corporative system in which divergent interests are coordinated and harmonized in the unity of the State."
/ / / / / /
@regisglass5464: "as you agree the doctrine of fas cism explicitly states it is right wing "
Wrong. It states no such thing. It says "ten ding to the ri g ht" i.e. moving to the rig ht from marxi sm that is, since they claimed to be part of the "3rd position" movement; between marxism/bolshevism and capitalism.
/ / / / / /
@regisglass5464: "Note you even write fasc ism opposes individual rights while Ma rxism focuses on the rights of workers, eg, all individuals should have rights and not just the powerful."
Marxism doesn't care about the individuals, it only cares about the proletarians. They want the bourgeoisie to be dead. Both fas cism and marx ism are collectivist ideologies and oppose individual rights.
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@regisglass5464 "Then kindly quote where it explicitly states as such."
Gentile:
"The Fascist, on the other hand, conceives philosophy as a philosophy of practice (”praxis”). That concept was the product of certain Marxist and Sorellian inspirations (many Fascists and the Duce, himself, received their first intellectual education in the school of Marx and Sorel)—as well as the influence of contemporary Italian idealistic doctrines from which Fascist mentality drew substance and achieved maturity.“
"It is necessary to distinguish between socialism and socialism—in fact, between idea and idea of the same socialist conception, in order to distinguish among them those that are inimical to Fascism. It is well known that Sorellian syndicalism, out of which the thought and the political method of Fascism emerged—conceived itself the genuine interpretation of Marxist communism. The dynamic conception of history, in which force as violence functions as an essential, is of unquestioned Marxist origin. Those notions flowed into other currents of contemporary thought, that have themselves, via alternative routes, arrived at a vindication of the form of State—implacable, but absolutely rational—that finds historic necessity in the very spiritual dynamism through which it realizes itself.“
— Che cosa è il fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche (“What is Fascism?”), Florence: Vallecchi, (1925)
/ / / / / /
Mussolini:
"Some still ask of us: what do you want? We answer with three words that summon up our entire program. Here they are…Italy, Republic, Socialization... Socialization is no other than the implantation of Italian Socialism…“
— Speech given by Mussolini to a group of Milanese Fascist veterans (October 14, 1944)
“Our programs are definitely equal to our revolutionary ideas and they belong to what in democratic regime is called “left”; our institutions are a direct result of our programs and our ideal is the Labor State. In this case there can be no doubt: we are the working class in struggle for life and death, against capitalism. We are the revolutionaries in search of a new order. If this is so, to invoke help from the bourgeoisie by waving the red peril is an absurdity. The real scarecrow, the real danger, the threat against which we fight relentlessly, comes from the right. It is not at all in our interest to have the capitalist bourgeoisie as an ally against the threat of the red peril, even at best it would be an unfaithful ally, which is trying to make us serve its ends, as it has done more than once with some success. I will spare words as it is totally superfluous. In fact, it is harmful, because it makes us confuse the types of genuine revolutionaries of whatever hue, with the man of reaction who sometimes uses our very language.”
— Speech given by Mussolini on April 22, 1945 in Milan
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@regisglass5464 "Apologies, you didn't. Or why not provide it again?"
Learn to read.
"The Fascist, on the other hand, conceives philosophy as a philosophy of practice (”praxis”). That concept was the product of certain Marxist and Sorellian inspirations (many Fascists and the Duce, himself, received their first intellectual education in the school of Marx and Sorel)—as well as the influence of contemporary Italian idealistic doctrines from which Fascist mentality drew substance and achieved maturity.“
"It is necessary to distinguish between socialism and socialism—in fact, between idea and idea of the same socialist conception, in order to distinguish among them those that are inimical to Fascism. It is well known that Sorellian syndicalism, out of which the thought and the political method of Fascism emerged—conceived itself the genuine interpretation of Marxist communism. The dynamic conception of history, in which force as violence functions as an essential, is of unquestioned Marxist origin. Those notions flowed into other currents of contemporary thought, that have themselves, via alternative routes, arrived at a vindication of the form of State—implacable, but absolutely rational—that finds historic necessity in the very spiritual dynamism through which it realizes itself.“
— Che cosa è il fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche (“What is Fascism?”), Florence: Vallecchi, (1925)
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@regisglass5464: "Thus my query, does this mean he supports rig ht wing soci alism per you quoting It is necessary to distinguish between soci alism and soci alism ?"
There are no left/right wing social ism. There is just different socialist ideol ogies. Fas cism was one of nationalistic branches, and had no problems with soci alism as long as it was used within the State and was not against the state, as said in their 'Doctrine of Fas cism'.
/ / / / / /
@regisglass5464: "Still odd you avoid writing of where he state fascism is left wing ... Again, where does it state fascism is left winged? Still odd you avoid this"
Already wrote the quote. Learn to read.
“Our programs are definitely equal to our revolutionary ideas and they belong to what in democratic regime is called “left”; our institutions are a direct result of our programs and our ideal is the Labor State. In this case there can be no doubt: we are the working class in struggle for life and death, against capitalism. We are the revolutionaries in search of a new order. If this is so, to invoke help from the bourgeoisie by waving the red peril is an absurdity. The real scarecrow, the real danger, the threat against which we fight relentlessly, comes from the right. It is not at all in our interest to have the capitalist bourgeoisie as an ally against the threat of the red peril, even at best it would be an unfaithful ally, which is trying to make us serve its ends, as it has done more than once with some success. I will spare words as it is totally superfluous. In fact, it is harmful, because it makes us confuse the types of genuine revolutionaries of whatever hue, with the man of reaction who sometimes uses our very language.”
— Speech given by Mussolini on April 22, 1945 in Milan
/ / / / / /
@regisglass5464: "Thank you for thus acce pting their economy was capita list."
Wrong. Corporatism had nothing to do with capitalism. They had socia list economy which they managed via corporatism.
/ / / / / /
@regisglass5464: "Seems odd you believe corporations are capitalist though."
We aren't talking about corpor ations. We are talking about corp oratism. Learn the diffe rence, amu rican.
/ / / / / /
@regisglass5464: "then why did they advocate for it?"
They didn't.
/ / / / / /
@regisglass5464: "But thank you for accepting the Naz is did, ie, fas cist Germany"
There was no fasci st Germany. They had nazi sm, not fasc ism. Those are two different socia list ideologies.
/ / / / / /
@regisglass5464: "But thank you for backtracking on stating fas cism expli citly states it is l eft win g."
There is no backtracking. Mussolini himself states as such, which you can read from the earlier quote. Also socia lism is left wi ng which makes fasc ism a le ft wing movement due to socia lism alone.
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@charleymount582 "no fasc ism is a far right ideology ... Fascism is a far-right,..."
Wrong. Soci alism and syndic alism are not right wing positions. Mussolini himself was a devout socialist after all. Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose wasn't the promotion of private interest, but the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
Ideologically, where the Fascists diverged from the Marxists was in their rejection of the narrative of class warfare, which they saw as utterly repudiated by the behavior of "the proletariat" during World War I, where rather than join together in a mutual overthrow of capitalism, the working class of each country stayed in lockstep with national loyalties and slaughtered their supposed foreign class brethren. Both the Fascists and Marxists despised Liberalism, and saw it as having a perverse role in atomizing the individual from society. Mussolini's favored intellectual, Giovanni Gentile, freely acknowledged Fascism' kinship with Marxism through Sorellian Syndicalism.
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@charleymount582 " if Nazism, for example, were socialists, why the Night of the Long Knives? "
Night of the Long Knives had nothing to do with socialism. It was about the internal power struggle between Hitler and Röhm. As early as April 1934, Himmler and Heydrich began to conspire with Göring to persuade Hitler to eliminate Röhm. In mid-1934, they planted rumors and evidence that Röhm was planning to overthrow the regime. Meanwhile, President von Hindenburg, the leadership of the Reichswehr, and Hitler’s conservative coalition partners, including Vice-Chancellor von Papen, issued warnings about the increasingly radical Nazi regime. If the “revolutionary elements” of the Nazi regime were not brought under control, the army leaders threatened to overthrow the Hitler government and place the country under martial law.
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@charleymount582 : Regarding nazism, again, it was a totalitarian far-left, socialist ideology based on ethnonationalism / aryanism. They had a centralized government with a centralized and planned economy similar to the USSR under both Lenin and Stalin. Government controlled the means of production and also decided what was to be produced, in what quantity, by what methods, and to whom it was to be distributed, as well as what prices would be charged and what wages would be paid. They opposed capitalism, but also international socialism, hence the concept of a “third position”. Their centralized economic policies obeyed collectivist and socialist principles, openly opposing capitalism and the free market, favoring nationalism and autarchy.
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Wrong. Fascism was a very specific political ideology. It was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@maxfan1591 Wrong. They were far-left socialists.
The fact that the capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alternative of Marxism or Nazism, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marxists. Capitalists don't like to be killed any more than other people do.
Nazis believed, just like the Fascists, that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society.
They were politically, socially and econo mically anti-cons ervative, since they didn't want to preserve the status quo nor did they want to bring back Monarchy / Kaiser. The conservatives thought Hitler would end the Republic and bring back Mon archy and Kaiser. They were wrong.
Hitler's point was that Marxism must be rejected NOT because it is soci alist, but because it is in cahoots with international finance capital. In fact, Hitler thought the Marxists were INSINCERE about their socialism. This being-in-cahoots of capitalism and Marxism (through the Je ws) is the MAIN point made in Mein Kampf. And is the reason why, for the Nazis, socialism had to become nationalist. That socialism had to become nationalist, did not, however, mean that it went right-wing.
Owning prop erty was made conditi onal and private property rights were abolished with the Reich stag fire decree on February 28, 1933. The Nazis suspended a number of articles of the Weimar Constitution; Among these were Article 115 and Article 153. Article 115 said: "The dw elling of every German is his sanctuary and is inviolable. Exceptions may be imposed by authority of law." Article 153 also guaranteed property. Obviously, they did not confiscate everyone's property, however all property always could be confiscated by the state and a certain amount was. Industry was divided into 13 sectors and placed under the control of the state.
They nationalized unions into one single nation wide union known as the Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF, or German La bor Front). The DAF created a single overarching labor union. Essentially all German workers and employees in every economic sector belonged to the DAF. For example, far mers were coordinated into the Reich Food Estate. While traditional unions prioritized workers’ rights, the DAF emphasized national economic goals above personal well-being.
Under the newly created German Labor Front (DAF), the Nazis set high wages, overtime pay was generous, and dismissal of workers by employers was difficult to execute, but inflation and stricter labor laws eroded much of that advantage.
It was a well known fact before and during the war, that Hitler's National Socialist party was an alternative, socialist school of thought which rejected the marxist version of socialism, and capitalism respectively... hence they called themselves a 3rd position.
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That is a historical fact, not "nonsense". Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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Regarding the definition of Fascism; it was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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Actual, historical definition of Fascism;
Totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@KatieHiggins-hc1ph " including the work of Ruth Ben-Ghiat, Timothy Snyder, Paul Mason and Dr Bandy Lee. "
None of them know anything about Fascism. Most of them do not even talk about Fascism, but about Hitler's National Socialism. Go read some proper historians, or even the works of the Fascists themselves, if you want to understand the basics of the Fascist ideology.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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Need to point out that Fascism actually didn't allow free enterprise nor any kind of Market based economy. They strictly had a Command economy, as neatly put in "the Philosophy of Fascism" by Mario Palmieri (1936);
"Fascism, which is the very antithesis of Individualism, stands as the nemesis of all economic doctrines and all economic practice of both the capitalistic and the communistic systems. Fascism holds that:
01. The economic life of man cannot be abstracted and separated from the whole of his spiritual life. In the words of Mussolini: “The economic man does not exist. Man is integral; he is political, economic, religious, saint and warrior at the same time.”
02. The economic life of man is influenced, if not actually determined, by idealistic factors.
03. True economic progress can derive only from the concerted effort of individuals who know how to sacrifice their personal egoism and ambitions for the good of the whole.
04. Economic initiatives cannot be left to the arbitrary decisions of private, individual interests.
05. Open competition, if not wisely directed and restricted, actually destroys wealth instead of creating it.
06. The wealth of a community is something intangible which cannot be identified with the sum of riches of single individuals.
07. The proper function of the State in the Fascist system is that of supervising, regulating and arbitrating the relationships of capital and labor, employers and employees, individuals and associations, private interests and national interests.
08. Class war is avoidable and must be avoided. Class war is deleterious to the orderly and fruitful life of the nation therefore it has no place in the Fascist State.
09. More important than the production of wealth is its right distribution, distribution which must benefit in the best possible way all the classes of the nation, hence, the nation itself.
10. Private wealth belongs not only to the individual, but in a symbolic sense, to the State as well.
These fundamental tenets of Fascist economy derive in turn from those basic conceptions of the Fascist doctrine of the State which we have expounded in the chapter of the “Fascist State.” We have said there, in fact, that the Fascist State is a Sovereign State. This means that there cannot be any single economic interests which are above the general economic interests of the State, no individual, economic initiatives which do not fall under the supervision and regulation of the State, no relationships of the various classes of the nations which are not the concern of the State. ... We see thus the Fascist State resolutely enter the economic field to dictate what shall be from now on the relationship between the capital and labor, employer and employees, landowner and farmhand, industrialist and worker."
They also point this out in their very "Doctrine of Fascism";
"Fascism is definitely and absolutely opposed to the doctrines of (classical) liberalism, both in the political and the economic sphere .... The Fascist State lays claim to rule in the economic field no less than in others; it makes its action felt throughout the length and breadth of the country by means of its corporative, social, and educational institutions, and all the political, economic, and spiritual forces of the nation, organized in their respective associations, circulate within the State. "
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@jeambeam3173 "it's even started that Muss olini protected and fought for the goals of the capit alists of Italy"
Wrong. Muss olini was a socia list and he disliked ca pitalism. In 1934, Mus solini reiterated that cap italism, as an economic system, was not viable. Fa scist economy was to be based not on individual profit but on colle ctive interest. Ideologically, where the Fasc ists diverged from the Marxi sts was in their rejection of the narrative of class warfare, which they saw as utterly repudiated by the behavior of "the proletariat" during World War I, where rather than join together in a mutual overthrow of capitalism, the working class of each country stayed in lockstep with national loyalties and slaughtered their supposed foreign class brethren. Both the Fas cists and Mar xists despised Liberalism, and saw it as having a perverse role in atomizing the individual from society. Mussolini's favored intellectual, Giovanni Gentile, freely acknowledged Fas cism' kinship with Marxi sm through Sorellian Syndica lism.
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@taranullius9221 : " he did not give workers any kind of control over their production or say in their workplace." ... correct, because that would be marxism which Adolf was against. Adolf promoted state socialism, not marxism. Both Adolf and Mussolini were simply imitating Lenin, who had earlier closed down all independent labor associations, factory committees and worker cooperatives, banned strikes, walkouts, and lockouts. Lenin even forced workers to work a slavish 80-hour week. After the Bolsheviks banned all labor unions, one unionist “described the unions as ‘living corpses.’” Any Russian worker who participated in general strikes was arrested, imprisoned or shot. Under Lenin’s regime, workers had no real representation or bargaining rights and were treated like industrial serfs who were chained to their factories. Although Hitler and Mussolini followed Lenin’s nationalizing craze, their treatment of workers did not mimic their Russian counterparts.
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@taranullius9221 : "He left the capital class alone," ... no, Ad olf was strictly against capita lism and the bourg eoisie. He promoted planned economies in which it was the government that determined what, how much, and how to produce. That is why he sought out to natio nalize almost every aspect of the Germ an life.
"A strong State will see that production is carried on in the national interests, and, if these interests are contravened, can proceed to expropriate the enterprise concerned and take over its administration.“
— Adolf H itl er, As quoted in Hi tl er and I, Otto Strasser, Boston, MA, Houghton Mifflin Company (1940) pp. 113-114 Other remarks
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@EA-js1me "Ultranationalism, irredentism, isolationism, statism, militarism, authoritarianism, conspiracy theories like anti-vax, xenophobia, homophobia, transphobia, and “Christian values” whatever that means… but no, definitely not far-right."
Only isolationism is a Far-Right characteristics out of the things you mentioned btw.
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@OnTheDLum Actually Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@maxfan1591 "Big business supported the Nazis. "
They didn't really. Also the fact that some capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alternative of Marxism or Nazism, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marxists. Capitalists don't like to be killed any more than other people do.
"Most cruel joke of all, however, has been played by Hitler & Co. on those German capitalists and small businessmen who once backed National Socialism as a means of saving Germany's bourgeois economic structure from radicalism. The Nazi credo that the individual belongs to the state also applies to business. Some businesses have been confiscated outright, on others what amounts to a capital tax has been levied. Profits have been strictly controlled. Some idea of the increasing Governmental control and interference in business could be deduced from the fact that 80% of all building and 50% of all industrial orders in Germany originated last year with the Government. Hard-pressed for foodstuffs as well as funds, the Nazi regime has taken over large estates and in many instances collectivized agriculture, a procedure fundamentally similar to Russian Communism."
"Adolf Hitler: Man of the Year, 1938", Time; January 2, 1939.
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@maxfan1591 "They suppressed unions, outlawed strikes and collective bargaining, and kept wages low. "
So did every socialist regime. In fact, Hitler was simply imitating Lenin, who had earlier closed down all independent labor associations, factory committees and worker cooperatives, banned strikes, walkouts, and lockouts. Lenin even forced workers to work a slavish 80-hour week. After the Bolsheviks banned all labor unions, one unionist “described the unions as ‘living corpses.’” Any Russian worker who participated in general strikes was arrested, imprisoned or shot. Under Lenin’s regime, workers had no real representation or bargaining rights and were treated like industrial serfs who were chained to their factories. Although Hitler followed Lenin’s nationalizing craze, his treatment of workers did not mimic their Russian counterparts.
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@Brett McNear : "It's hilarious that you think dictionaries are incorrect."
Not so long ago certain americans tried to change the definition of a recession so... would not be the first time when things have been changed retroactively.
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@Brett McNear : "It's not just dictionaries that say fa scism is a rig ht-win g political ideology; it's a well-known, obvious fact when you look at what fasc ism is... It's a form of f ar-right"
Only certain americans are trying to claim that f asci sm "is a rig ht-wi ng political ideology" in general.
There is nothing right wing about an ideology which wants the State to rule supreme over economy, businesses and people's personal lives. That is exactly the opposite of what right wi ng politics is about. The fundamental differences between l eft-wi ng and rig ht-wi ng ideologies center around the the rights of individuals vs. the power of the go vernment. Left-wi n g beliefs are liberal in that they believe society is best served with an expanded role for the government. People on the rig ht believe that the best outcome for society is achieved when individual rights and civil liberties are pa ramount and the role — and especially the power — of the govern ment is minimized.
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@Brett McNear : "Fasc ism was initially born out of social Dar win ism, based on the premise that only the fittest should survive."
Incorrect. It has nothing to do with "soc ial darwinis m" whatsoever. It was born out of m arxi sm, sorelian synd icali sm and hege lian philosophy. It was based on a premise that the (fas cist) State is the be-all and end-all of human existence. According to the 'doctrine of f asci sm':
"Anti-individualistic, the Fa scist conception of life stresses the importance of the State and accepts the individual only in so far as his interests coincide with those of the State, which stands for the conscience and the universal, will of man as a historic entity. It is opposed to classical liber alism which arose as a reaction to absolutism and exhausted its historical function when the St ate became the expression of the conscience and will of the people. Liberalism denied the State in the name of the individual; Fasc ism reasserts the rights of the State as expressing the real essence of the individual."
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@Brett McNear : "ultra-nationalism characterized by centralized authoritarian power"
Just like every socia list government, like the US SR ... and "ul tra-nat ional ism" is not a thing. It was just natio nalism.
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@Brett McNear : "anti-intellectualism, hyper-masculinity, "
Incorrect. On the contrary, again, it was based on hegelian philosophy and they also supported women in the work force and according to their manifesto, they wanted women to have the ability to vote. "Hyper-masculinity" is not a thing, and was not a thing in f ascis m.
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@Brett McNear : "rac ial supremacy involving the rebirth of ethnic pu rity and quasi-religious pride"
Incorrect. Fas cis m didn't believe in ra ce or et hnonation alism. Hi tler and his na zism believed in that.
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@Brett McNear : " It will often be implemented through a merger of the corporate sector with the state to nullify trade unionism and social welfare programmes."
Incorrect. There was no such thing as "merging corporate sector with the state". On the contrary, state controlled businesses and Mussolini nationalized over 75% of the Italian industry. Trade unionism was the core principle how fascism worked, better known as corporatism / fascist syndicalism. Fascism was also advocating FOR welfare programs due to the socialist nature of their ideology. It can't be that hard to go and read their manifesto.
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@Brett McNear : " The first people Hit ler sent to the de ath camps were soc ial ists"
Incorrect. Hit ler was a so cial ist himself. The first people he sent were the marx ists. Need to point out that Hitl er has nothing to do with fasc ism though.
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@Brett McNear : "He crushed labour unions and diverted public money to financial elites."
Incorrect. Hitler abolished private unions which he nationalized and merged under one single nation wide union. Also on the contrary, Hit ler was vigilant in keeping many of his promises to labor. Under the newly created German Labor Front (DAF), the Na zis set high wages, overtime pay was generous, and dismissal of workers by employers was difficult to execute, but inflation and stricter labor laws eroded much of that advantage. Headed by Robert Ley, the German Labor Front preferred nationalized enterprises over privately owned companies since it held a bias against lib eral ca pital ism. But its main mission was also to satisfy workers enough to prevent rebellion against both industrialists and the national soci alist state.
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@Brett McNear : "The only thing remotely similar to le ft-wi ng philosophy in fa scis m is the idea of collectivism; everything else about fa scis m is extremely ri ght-w ing."
Incorrect. Both f ascis m and na zis m were economically more or less the same as the US SR was under Lenin and Stalin. They shared 95% of the same economic policies.
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@Brett McNear : "PS. What does Tick Tock have to do with any of this? "
Because that's is from where you are getting your info it seems ... you don't even understand the difference between naz ism and fasc ism and keep conflating the two, while they are 2 completely separate ideologies.
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@Brett McNear : "There is no fas cist manifesto like we have a com munist manifesto from M arx. "
Incorrect. There are 2 manifestos in fact. You are just lazy like the rest of the low in forma tion am u rica ns. You can find their m anife sto from W iki under the name "The Manifesto of the Italian Fa sc es of Combat". Or you can read the "the Doctrine of Fas cism " by Mus solini and Giova nni Genti le which outlines the whole fa sci st ideology.
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@Brett McNear : "Fasc ism has evolved through time and has appeared slightly differently with each iteration"
Incorrect. Fas cism has not evolved anywhere and has only appe ared once, during the W W2 era under Musso lini, formulated by a soci alist philosopher Gio vanni Gentile.
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@Brett McNear : "I thought by my previous comment, it would be evident that I'm not Ame rican. I can't believe you would think I was."
I didn't say that you are an am erican. I said you are la zy like the low infor mation ameri cans who cannot be bothered to read actu al history bef ore commenting.
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@Brett McNear : "Speaking of terms, we need to address the difference between Fas cism and fasc ism. Fasc ism (with a capital F) refers to Fas cism under Muss olini, which was indeed based on the writing s of Giovan ni Gent ile and referred to the specific doctrine implemented under Mussol ini's reign. The other, more general use of the term fas cism (with a lowercase f) is more widely used to explain the many iterations of fasci sm that followed. There are obvious differences betwe en Hit ler and Mussoli ni, but to suggest Hit ler was not fasc ist is out of step with reality."
Incorrect. There is no difference between Fasc ism and fasc ism and FASC ISM and fAsCi Sm. There is only one type of fas cism, the Italian kind. There is no general use of the term fasc ism, since it is a very specific political ideology and philosophy. If you are using the term in a general way, you are doing it wrong. Hit ler was never a fas cist and never had anything to do with fas cism. He admired Mus solini's fas cism for sure, however he also criticized it in his autobiography "Mein Kampf". Hit ler was a national socia list and nazi sm was national sociali sm. Fas cism and nazi sm are 2 completely different socia list ideologies, practiced in 2 completely different coun tries and founded/form ulated by com pletely different people.
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@Brett McNear : "Fas cism and socia lism are diametrically oppo sed on everything exc ept collecti vism."
Incorrect. Fasc ism was diametrically opposed to marx ism, not soci alism which is nothing more than a colle ctivist econ omic system which both fas cism and mar xism used.
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@Brett McNear : "Soci alism advocates for equality, whereas fas cism is based on hier rchy."
Incorrect. Socia lism doesn't advocate for anything other than colle ctive owner ship of the means of produc tion, distribution and exchan ge. Equality has nothing to do with this. Also every single ideology that is based on a thing called the "sta te" or the "gover nment" are advocating for hierarc hies. Only ideologies that are opposing unjust hierarchies or hierarchies in general are anarch ism and com munism.
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@Brett McNear : "So ciali sm, on the other hand, is an ideology where individuals of a society own the means of production."
Incorrect. Again, it is not an ideo logy. It is an econ omic syst em where the society as a whole, or a collective, or a group, or a state, or a guild, or a syndicate, or a class owns the means of production, not the indivi duals. Indiv iduals owni ng the means of produ ction and their use for pro fit is the defi nition of capit alism.
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@Brett McNear : "A fasc ist ruler wields sup reme power and auth ority over a country."
There was no such ruler in fasci sm mind you. Muss olini had no sup reme po wer nor aut hority. Not only did Mus solini had to collaborate with the Pope, but he also was subservient to the King of Italy. Ironi cally, Muss olini was also democratically voted out from power. Meanwhile Hit ler had all the power and authority over the Na zi Germ any.
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@Brett McNear : "Muss olini was a socia list in his formative years, but like many young ideal istic intelle ctuals, he abandoned this philos ophy as he matured."
Incorrect. He never abandoned socia lism and was a devout socia list to the day he died. This is one of his last speeches on April 22, 1945 in Milan, before he was execu ted:
“Our progra ms are definitely equal to our revolutionary ideas and they belong to what in democ ratic regime is called “left”; our institutions are a direct result of our programs and our ideal is the Labor St ate. In this case there can be no doubt: we are the work ing cla ss in stru ggle for life and death, against ca pitalism. We are the revolutio naries in search of a new order. If this is so, to invoke help from the bourg eoisie by waving the re d peril is an absurdity. The real scare crow, the real dan ger, the threat against which we fight relentlessly, comes from the right. It is not at all in our interest to have the capi talist bourge oisie as an ally against the threat of the red pe ril, even at best it would be an unfaithful ally, which is trying to make us serve its ends, as it has done more than once with some success. I will spare words as it is totally superfluous. In fact, it is ha rmful, because it makes us confuse the types of genuine revolutio naries of whatever hue, with the man of react ion who sometimes uses our very language.”
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@Brett McNear : "There are plenty of left-win g hippies out there who believe in complete autonomy, free from gover nment intervention, and plenty of ri ght-wi ng control freaks who ban books, abortion and call for the state to implement "law and order""
Which is why there is no such thing as "le ft" or "rig ht" ... and nobody can ever decide if they want to keep using the modern post-French revolution terms or pre-French revolution terms. "le ft" and "ri ght" have no mea ning anymore, which is exactly why the political spectrum only makes sense within the Autho ritarian/Freed om axis.
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@bakakafka4428 "And you're a better expert than a leader that fought the Nazis, the Italian Fascists and the Japanese fascists, as well as the billionaires in the US and elsewhere that facilitated these extremists? "
Fascism was only a thing in Italy, and I have read what the experts of Fascism (Renzo De Felice and Emilio Gentile) have said about the ideology. Here is a list from where you can start your educational journey regarding Fascism;
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@masonwallberg1217 "State ownership is not social ownership, and fascist states are openly opposed to worker organizations and striking, favoring austerity in it's place. "
They were opposed to worker organizations only if they didn't bent the knee to the State. However people should note, that Mussolini was simply imitating Lenin, who had earlier closed down all independent labor associations, factory committees and worker cooperatives, banned strikes, walkouts, and lockouts. Under Lenin’s regime, workers had no real representation or bargaining rights and were treated like industrial serfs who were chained to their factories. Although Mussolini followed Lenin’s nationalizing craze, his treatment of workers did not mimic their Russian counterparts.
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@Teemustaja " I genuinely think they don't know what fascism is."
Luckily I can educate people about Fascism; it was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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Trump has nothing to do with Fascism whatsoever and that is not exactly the definition of Fascism either. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@07Flash11MRC : As I said, you do not understand the ideology and that is the problem here. Fa sc is m opposed liberal capitalism, but also international so ci alis m, hence the concept of a “third way,” their centralized economic policies obeyed collectivist and so ci ali st principles, openly opposing cap itali sm and the free market, favoring nat iona lism and aut archy. According to the father of fa scis m, Giov anni Gen tile, their ideology was a form of so ci alis m, sta tis m and ex tre me co lle ctivi sm. Hence, fa r-le ft ideology.
"It is necessary to distinguish between so cia lis m and so cial is m—in fact, between idea and idea of the same so ci alis t conception, in order to distinguish among them those that are inimical to F as cis m. It is well known that Sorellian sy ndica lism, out of which the thought and the political method of Fa sc is m emerged—conceived itself the genuine interpretation of Ma rxi st com mu nis m. The dynamic conception of history, in which force as violence functions as an essential, is of unquestioned Ma rxi st origin. Those notions flowed into other currents of contemporary thought, that have themselves, via alternative routes, arrived at a vindication of the form of S tat e—implacable, but absolutely rational—that finds historic necessity in the very spiritual dynamism through which it realizes itself.“
— Giovanni Gentile, Che cosa è il fas cis mo: Discorsi e polemiche (“What is Fa scis m?”), Florence: Vallecchi, (1925) pp. 42-45, 47-48, 49-51, 56,Origins and Doctrine of Fa sci sm, A. James Gregor, translator and editor, Transaction Publishers, 2003, p. 59
"Some still ask of us: what do you want? We answer with three words that summon up our entire program. Here they are…Italy, Republic, Soc ializa tion... Soc ializa tion is no other than the implantation of Italian So cia li sm…“
— Benito Mus soli ni, Speech given by Mu ssol ini to a group of Milanese Fa sci st veterans (October 14, 1944), quoted in Revolutionary F asc is m, Erik Norling, Lisbon, Finis Mundi Press (2011) pp.119-120. 1940s
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@rschloch : I find it interesting when it comes to Mu ssol ini and Ad olf, usually lef tist amu rica ns go face first into bi ase d sources and different dictionaries while both had their manifestos and autobiographies and doctrines where they clearly explain their world view and ideology. But alas, when it comes to someone like Ma rx and Eng els, their writings are solid gold, can be taken at face value and are beyond critique.
So no, it doesn't depend on whose defining the meaning. As I said, it is not up to us to define their ideology when they were perfectly capable doing it themselves hence they wrote manifestos for crying out loud. "Dictionary" definitions don't typically confine fa sc is m to Mu sso lini because it's easier to spread propaganda this way, when you can lump almost everyone under the same name given the proper circumstances. That way they don't have to explain why someone like Ad o lf constantly considered himself a so cia li st, nor why Musso lini also did the same.
So yes, you are reaching if you try to argue that the meaning of fas cis m isn’t strictly confined to Mu sso lini and Italy, since nobody else followed 'the doctrine of fa scis m" or the writings of Giov anni Gen tile, who came up with the ideology in the first place for Mu ssol ini to put into action.
Both fas cis m and na zis m were clearly far le ft-win g, soc iali st regimes. Both ideologies opposed liberal cap italis m, but also international soc iali sm, hence the concept of a “third way,” their centralized economic policies obeyed collectivist and so cial ist principles, openly opposing capi tali sm and the free market, favoring nationalism and autarchy.
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@Javdoc : Wrong. Here is what constitutes as Fascism; it was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@varyolla435 "Fascism was solidly rooted in far-Right politics....... "
Wrong. Again, Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. It was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@varyolla435 "Fascism irrespective of its' idealistic "origins" represented far-Right politics in its' practical application. "
Still wrong. The practical application of Fascism was the same as any socialist regime; centralization of the economy and power, under the collective entity, and in the case of Fascism, the State apparatus itself. Again, Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. It was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@technologicallyilliterate "The theory and praxis of fascism disagrees with you here. "
Wrong. It doesn't. This has been explicitly stated by multiple Fascist theoreticians, such as Mario Palmieri in his "The Philosophy of Fascism".
"Fascism, which is the very antithesis of Individualism, stands as the nemesis of all economic doctrines and all economic practice of both the capitalistic and the communistic systems. Fascism holds that:
1. The economic life of man cannot be abstracted and separated from the whole of his spiritual life. In the words of Mussolini: “The economic man does not exist. Man is integral; he is political, economic, religious, saint and warrior at the same time.”
2. The economic life of man is influenced, if not actually determined, by idealistic factors.
3. True economic progress can derive only from the concerted effort of individuals who know how to sacrifice their personal egoism and ambitions for the good of the whole.
4. Economic initiatives cannot be left to the arbitrary decisions of private, individual interests.
5. Open competition, if not wisely directed and restricted, actually destroys wealth instead of creating it.
6. The wealth of a community is something intangible which cannot be identified with the sum of riches of single individuals.
7. The proper function of the State in the Fascist system is that of supervising, regulating and arbitrating the relationships of capital and labor, employers and employees, individuals and associations, private interests and national interests.
8. Class war is avoidable and must be avoided. Class war is deleterious to the orderly and fruitful life of the nation therefore it has no place in the Fascist State.
9. More important than the production of wealth is its right distribution, distribution which must benefit in the best possible way all the classes of the nation, hence, the nation itself.
10. Private wealth belongs not only to the individual, but in a symbolic sense, to the State as well.
These fundamental tenets of Fascist economy derive in turn from those basic conceptions of the Fascist doctrine of the State which we have expounded in the chapter of the “Fascist State.” We have said there, in fact, that the Fascist State is a Sovereign State. This means that there cannot be any single economic interests which are above the general economic interests of the State, no individual, economic initiatives which do not fall under the supervision and regulation of the State, no relationships of the various classes of the nations which are not the concern of the State.
Furthermore, the Fascist State is an Ethical State. This means that all the factors influencing the life of a nation: the economic, the social, the political, etc., are brought into the Fascist State under the dominion of the moral law, which becomes not only the supreme law of the individual, but the supreme law of the State as well."
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@technologicallyilliterate "Germany’s national bourgeoisie "
Hitler was against the bourgeoisie.
"The National Socialist Movement, on the contrary, will always let its foreign policy be determined by the necessity to secure the space necessary to the life of our Folk. It knows no Germanising or Teutonising, as in the case of the national bourgeoisie, but only the spread of its own Folk. It will never see in the subjugated, so called Germanised, Czechs or Poles a national, let alone Folkish, strengthening, but only the racial weakening of our Folk."
"I will tolerate no opposition. We recognize only subordination – authority downwards and responsibility upwards. You just tell the German bourgeoisie that I shall be finished with them far quicker than I shall with Marxism... When once the conservative forces in Germany realize that only I and my party can win the German proletariat over to the State and that no parliamentary games can be played with Marxist parties, then Germany will be saved for all time, then we can found a German Peoples State."
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@Soren kirksdjfk: "prai se pri vate ownership of pro perty in The Doctrine of Fa sci sm,"
Incorrect. They do not. According to them, property should be owned or at least controlled by the fa scist St ate and everything should be in li ne with the goals set by the Sta te.
"The keystone of the Fasc ist doctrine is its conception of the St ate, of its essence, its functions, and its aims. For Fasci sm the St ate is absolute, individuals and groups relative. Individuals and groups are admissible in so far as they come within the Sta te. Instead of directing the game and guiding the material and moral progress of the community, the liberal State restricts its activities to recording results. The Fas cist State is wide awake and has a will of its own. For this reason it can be described as " ethical ""
"The Fasc ist State organizes the nation, but it leaves the individual adequate elbow room. It has curtailed useless or harmful liberties while preserving those which are essential. In such matters the individual cannot be the judge, but the State only"
"We were the first to state, in the face of demo liberal individualism, that the individual exists only in so far as he is within the Sta te and subjected to the requirements of the state and that, as civilization assumes aspects which grow more and more complicated, individual freedom becomes more and more restricted. (To the General staff Conference of Fas cism, in Discorsi del 1929, Milano, Alpes, 1930, p. 280)."
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@dragonslair951167 : "You know Fa sc ist Italy engaged in mass priva tization, not central planning, right?"
Incorrect. There was no "privatization". They mass nationalized the industry and economy, from which Mussolini nationalized 75%.
They shar ed 95% of the same economic policies as the U SS R.
"We are, in other words, a state which controls all forces acting in nature. We control political forces, we control moral forces we control economic forces, therefore we are a full-blown Corporative state. We stand for a new principle in the world, we stand for sheer, categorical, definitive antithesis to the world of democracy, plutocracy, free-masonry, to the world which still abides by the fundamental principles laid down in 1789."
- The doctrine of Fa scis m, Speech before the new National Directory of the Party, April 7, 1926
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@dragonslair951167 : "fa sci sts were pretty big proponents of free ma rket ca pitali sm. "
Incorrect. Both Hi tler and Muss olini were a nti-ca pital ists and ha rd co re soc ialis ts. Both opp osed libe ral capita lism, but also international so cialis m, hence the concept of a “third way,” their centralized economic policies obeyed col lectiv ist and soc iali st principles, openly opposing capit alism and the fre e mar ket, favoring na tionalism and autar chy.
Hit ler saw both bolsh evism and capit alism as a "Jew ish ploy" to take over Germany. Muss olini and fa scis m in general was against individualism and believed that the state should be the be-all and end-all when it comes to humanity itself.
"The Fascist State directs and controls the entrepreneurs, whether it be in our fisheries or in our heavy industry in the Val d'Aosta. There the State actually owns the mines and carries on transport, for the railways are state property. So are many of the factories… We term it state intervention… If anything fails to work properly, the State intervenes. The capitalists will go on doing what they are told, down to the very end. They have no option and cannot put up any fight. Capital is not God; it is only a means to an end.“
— Ben ito Mus solini, As quoted in Talks with Mussolini, Emil Ludwig, Boston, MA, Little, Brown and Company (1933)
"In this tremendous and truly historical uprising of the nations we are all now taking our part, some of us as leaders, others as actors or performers. On one side we find the exponents of democracy, that is Jewish capitalism with all its deadweight of obsolete political theories and parliamentary corruption, its out-moded social order, the Jewish brain trust, the Jewish newspapers, stock exchanges and banks, a concern of mixed political and economic profiteers of the worst order, arm in arm with the Bolshevist state.“
— Ad olf Hit ler, “Speech to the Reichstag Assuming New Powers” April 26, 1942
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@Teemustaja "Source: Main kampf, Giovanni Gentile, Sinimusta liike, Golden Dawn, Mussolinis essays"
Both Hitler and Mussolini self-identified as socialists, Giovanni Gentile also, who was the philosopher behind Mussolini's Fascism. I can give you more sources;
Fascism;
- "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
- "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
- "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
- "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
- "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
- "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
- "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
National Socialism;
- "Mein Kampf" by Hitler
- "Hitler's National Socialism" by Rainer Zitelmann
- "the Vampire Economy" by Günter Reimann
- "Omnipotent Government: The Rise of the Total State and Total War" by Ludwig Von Mises
- "Hitler's True Believers" by Robert Gellately
- "The Cause of Hitler's Germany" by Leonard Peikoff
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@fburton8 "classical fascism is a right-wing phenomenon ... but equating them with fascism overlooks the distinct historical and ideological foundations of fascism as a far-right ideology."
Wrong. Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. Again, Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@nicknewman7848 " Fascism is a far right ideology "
Wrong. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@maxfan1591 Wrong. They were far-left socialists.
The fact that the capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alternative of Marxism or Nazism, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marxists. Capitalists don't like to be killed any more than other people do.
Nazis believed, just like the Fasci sts, that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society.
They were politically, socially and econo mically anti-cons ervative, since they didn't want to preserve the status quo nor did they want to bring back Monarchy / Kaiser. The conservatives thou ght Hitler would end the Republic and bring back Mon archy and Kaiser. They were wrong.
Hitler's point was that Marxism must be rejected NOT because it is soci alist, but because it is in cahoots with international finance capital. In fact, Hitler thought the Marxists were INSINCERE about their socialism. This being-in-cahoo ts of capitalism and Marxism (through the Je ws) is the MAIN point made in Mein Kampf. And is the reason why, for the Nazis, socialism had to become nationalist. That soc ialism had to become nationalist, did not, however, mean that it went right-wing.
Owning prop erty was made conditi onal and private property rights were abolished with the Reich stag fire decree on February 28, 1933. The Na zis suspended a number of articles of the Weimar Constitution; Among these were Article 115 and Article 153. Article 115 said: "The dw elling of every German is his sanctuary and is inviolable. Exceptions may be imposed by authority of law." Article 153 also guaranteed property. Obviously, they did not confiscate everyone's property, however all pro perty always could be confiscated by the state and a certain amount was. Indus try was divided into 13 sectors and placed under the control of the state.
They nationalized unions into one single nation wide union known as the Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF, or German La bor Front). The DAF created a single overarching labor union. Essentially all German workers and employees in every economic sector belonged to the DAF. For example, far mers were coordinated into the Reich Food Estate. While traditional unions prioritized workers’ rights, the DAF emphasized national economic goals above personal well-being.
Under the newly created German Labor Front (DAF), the Na zis set high wages, overtime pay was generous, and dismissal of workers by employers was difficult to execute, but inflation and stricter labor laws eroded much of that advantage.
It was a well known fact before and during the war, that Hi tler's National Soci alist party was an alter native, socialist school of thought which rejected the marxist version of socialism, and capitalism respectively... hence they called themselves a 3rd position.
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@maxfan1591 Wrong. They were far-left socialists.
The fact that the capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alternative of Marxism or Nazism, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marxists. Capitalists don't like to be killed any more than other people do.
Nazis believed, just like the Fascists, that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society.
They were politically, socially and econo mically anti-cons ervative, since they didn't want to preserve the status quo nor did they want to bring back Monarchy / Kaiser. The conservatives thought Hitler would end the Republic and bring back Mon archy and Kaiser. They were wrong.
Hitler's point was that Marxism must be rejected NOT because it is soci alist, but because it is in cahoots with international finance capital. In fact, Hitler thought the Marxists were INSINCERE about their socialism. This being-in-cahoots of capitalism and Marxism (through the Je ws) is the MAIN point made in Mein Kampf. And is the reason why, for the Nazis, socialism had to become nationalist. That socialism had to become nationalist, did not, however, mean that it went right-wing.
Owning prop erty was made conditi onal and private property rights were abolished with the Reich stag fire decree on February 28, 1933. The Na zis suspended a number of articles of the Weimar Constitution; Among these were Article 115 and Article 153. Article 115 said: "The dw elling of every German is his sanctuary and is inviolable. Exceptions may be imposed by authority of law." Article 153 also guaranteed property. Obviously, they did not confiscate everyone's property, however all pro perty always could be confiscated by the state and a certain amount was. Industry was divided into 13 sectors and placed under the control of the state.
They nationalized unions into one single nation wide union known as the Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF, or German La bor Front). The DAF created a single overarching labor union. Essentially all German workers and employees in every economic sector belonged to the DAF. For example, far mers were coordinated into the Reich Food Estate. While traditional unions prioritized workers’ rights, the DAF emphasized national economic goals above personal well-being.
Under the newly created German Labor Front (DAF), the Na zis set high wages, overtime pay was generous, and dismissal of workers by employers was difficult to execute, but inflation and stricter labor laws eroded much of that advantage.
It was a well known fact before and during the war, that Hi tler's National Soci alist party was an alter native, socialist school of thought which rejected the marxist version of socialism, and capitalism respectively... hence they called themselves a 3rd position.
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@Sleepy_Don "that's what why Mus solini wrote "We are free to believe this is a century of authority , a century tending to the rig ht-wi ng , a fas cist century""
Incorrect. That's not what Mussolini said. He never said "rig ht-wi ng". This is what he said:
"Granted that the XIXth century was the century of so cialis m, libe rali sm, dem ocra cy, this does not mean that the XXth century must also be the century of so ciali sm, lib eralism, democra cy. Political doc trines pass; nations remain. We are free to believe that this is the century of auth ority, a century tending to the " rig ht ", a Fasc ist century. If the XIXth century was the century of the ind ividual (libe ralism implies individ ualism) we are fre e to believe that this is the "collec tive" cent ury, and ther efore the century of the St ate."
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Robert Paxton was wrong, and made up a random definition similar to Umberto Eco, where the definition is so vague that it can be applied to any and every totalitarian and dictatorial regime.
In reality and historically, Fascism was totalitarian, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself.
To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@maxfan1591 Wrong. They were far-left socialists.
The fact that the capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alternative of Marxism or Nazism, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marxists. Capitalists don't like to be killed any more than other people do.
Nazis believed, just like the Fascists, that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society.
They were politically, socially and econo mically anti-cons ervative, since they didn't want to preserve the status quo nor did they want to bring back Monarchy / Kaiser. The conservatives thought Hitler would end the Republic and bring back Mon archy and Kaiser. They were wrong.
Hitler's point was that Marxism must be rejected NOT because it is soci alist, but because it is in cahoots with international finance capital. In fact, Hitler thought the Marxists were INSINCERE about their socialism. This being-in-cahoots of capitalism and Marxism (through the Je ws) is the MAIN point made in Mein Kampf. And is the reason why, for the Nazis, socialism had to become nationalist. That socialism had to become nationalist, did not, however, mean that it went right-wing.
Owning prop erty was made conditi onal and private property rights were abolished with the Reich stag fire decree on February 28, 1933. The Na zis suspended a number of articles of the Weimar Constitution; Among these were Article 115 and Article 153. Article 115 said: "The dw elling of every German is his sanctuary and is inviolable. Exceptions may be imposed by authority of law." Article 153 also guaranteed property. Obviously, they did not confiscate everyone's property, however all pro perty always could be confiscated by the state and a certain amount was. Industry was divided into 13 sectors and placed under the control of the state.
They nationalized unions into one single nation wide union known as the Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF, or German La bor Front). The DAF created a single overarching labor union. Essentially all German workers and employees in every economic sector belonged to the DAF. For example, far mers were coordinated into the Reich Food Estate. While traditional unions prioritized workers’ rights, the DAF emphasized national economic goals above personal well-being.
Under the newly created German Labor Front (DAF), the Na zis set high wages, overtime pay was generous, and dismissal of workers by employers was difficult to execute, but inflation and stricter labor laws eroded much of that advantage.
It was a well known fact before and during the war, that Hi tler's National Socialist party was an alternative, socialist school of thought which rejected the marxist version of socialism, and capitalism respectively... hence they called themselves a 3rd position.
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For reference;
"7. Anti-individualistic, the Fascist conception is for the State; and it is for the individual only in so far as he coincides with the State, which is the conscience and universal will of man in his historical existence. It is opposed to classical liberalism, which arose as a reaction to absolutism and exhausted its historical function when the State was transformed into the conscience and will of the people. Liberalism denied the State in the interest of the particular individual; Fascism reasserts the State as the true reality of the individual. And if liberty is to be the attribute of real men, and not of abstract puppets invented by individualistic liberalism, then Fascism is for liberty, and for the only liberty which can be real, the liberty of the State and of the individual within the State. Therefore, for the Fascist, everything is in the State, and outside of it nothing human or spiritual can exist, much less have value. In this sense Fascism is totalitarian, and the Fascist State—the synthesis and unity of all values—interprets, develops, and potentiates the whole life of the people."
- the Doctrine of Fascism
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Wrong. Only the socialist Left can become Fascist, as Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@ichthys4147 "See kids this is what fascism, which is inherently right wing, will do to you."
Wrong. Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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Wrong. That Wiki copy/paste has nothing to do with the definition of Fascism, and Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. It was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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"He called himself a socialist to get more voters. "
Wrong. He called himself a socialist because he was one, and self-identified as one. Their party also had socialism in the name because it signified what they were advocating for, that is, socialism on a national level.
"The first three principles were clear, and they are inseparable from each other. Socialism as the final concept of duty, the ethical duty of work, not just for oneself but also for one’s fellow man’s sake, and above all the principle: Common good before own good, a struggle against all parasitism and especially against easy and unearned income. And we were aware that in this fight we can rely on no one but our own people. We are convinced that socialism in the right sense will only be possible in nations and races that are Aryan, and there in the first place we hope for our own people and are convinced that socialism is inseparable from nationalism. (Loud applause)
To be nationalist does not mean for us to belong to one party or another, but to show with every action that one benefits the people; it means love for all the people without exception.From this point of view we will realize that it is necessary to preserve the most precious thing a people has, the sum of all active creative powers of its workers, to keep it healthy in body and soul.(Cheers) And this view of nationalism compels us to immediately form a front against its opposite, the Semitic conception of the idea of people (Volk), and especially against the Semitic concept of work. Since we are socialists, we must necessarily also be antisemites because we want to fight against the very opposite: materialism and mammonism. (Lively bravo!)
And when today the Jew still runs into our factories and says: How can you be a socialist antisemite? Are not you ashamed? – there comes a time in which we will ask: How can you not be an antisemite, being a socialist! (Hear, hear) There comes a time when it will be obvious that socialism can only be carried out accompanied by nationalism and antisemitism. The three concepts are inseparably connected. They are the foundations of our program and therefore we call ourselves National Socialists. (Cheers)"
"Why We Are Anti-Semites" (August 15, 1920 speech in Munich at the Hofbräuhaus).
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@Nostradamus98 " just look at Hitler's policy where he openly said that and economically in Nazi Germany the opportunity for capitalism was wide open"
He has never said such a thing. On the contrary, he specifically said the following;
"A strong State will see that production is carried on in the national interests, and, if these interests are contravened, can proceed to expropriate the enterprise concerned and take over its administration."
— Hitler and I, quotes from unspecified earlier dates per Otto Strasser, Boston, MA, Houghton Mifflin Company (1940)
"Germany's economic policy is conducted exclusively in accordance with the interests of the German people. In this respect I am a fanatical socialist, one who has ever in mind the interests of all his people."
— Speech on the 21st Anniversary of the National Socialist Party (24 February 1941)
"After all, there are two worlds which confront each other. And they are right when they say: 'We can never reconcile ourselves to the National Socialist world.' For how could a narrow-minded capitalist possibly declare his agreement with my principles? It would be easier for the devil to go to church and take holy water."
— Adolf Hitler: Collection of Speeches 1922-1945 (December 10, 1940)
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@Nostradamus98 "and finally the socialists in the nsdap (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei) only to attract workers in the context of that time because there were so many waves of leftists at that time,"
While they wanted to attract rival socialists specifically, the party was called as such, because they were advocating for socialism on a national level.
"The first three principles were clear, and they are inseparable from each other. Socialism as the final concept of duty, the ethical duty of work, not just for oneself but also for one’s fellow man’s sake, and above all the principle: Common good before own good, a struggle against all parasitism and especially against easy and unearned income. And we were aware that in this fight we can rely on no one but our own people. We are convinced that socialism in the right sense will only be possible in nations and races that are Aryan, and there in the first place we hope for our own people and are convinced that socialism is inseparable from nationalism. (Loud applause)
To be nationalist does not mean for us to belong to one party or another, but to show with every action that one benefits the people; it means love for all the people without exception.From this point of view we will realize that it is necessary to preserve the most precious thing a people has, the sum of all active creative powers of its workers, to keep it healthy in body and soul.(Cheers) And this view of nationalism compels us to immediately form a front against its opposite, the Semitic conception of the idea of people (Volk), and especially against the Semitic concept of work. Since we are socialists, we must necessarily also be antisemites because we want to fight against the very opposite: materialism and mammonism. (Lively bravo!)
And when today the Jew still runs into our factories and says: How can you be a socialist antisemite? Are not you ashamed? – there comes a time in which we will ask: How can you not be an antisemite, being a socialist! (Hear, hear) There comes a time when it will be obvious that socialism can only be carried out accompanied by nationalism and antisemitism. The three concepts are inseparably connected. They are the foundations of our program and therefore we call ourselves National Socialists. (Cheers)"
— "Why We Are Anti-Semites" (August 15, 1920 speech in Munich at the Hofbräuhaus).
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@benangel3268 ""Hit ler and Trade unions""
The Na zi Party sought complete control over economic, social, and cultural life in Germany as well. All labor unions were abolished in May 1933, replaced by the Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF, or German Labor Front). The DAF created a single overarching labor union. While traditional unions prioritized workers’ rights, the DAF emphasized national economic goals above personal well-being.
Under the newly created Ger man Labor Front (DAF), the N azis set high wages, overtime pay was generous, and dismissal of workers by employers was difficult to execute, but inflation and stricter labor laws eroded much of that advantage. Headed by Robert Ley, the German Labor Front preferred nationalized enterprises over privately owned companies since it held a bias against liberal capitalism. But its main mission was also to satisfy workers enough to prevent rebellion against both industrialists and the national so cialist state.
In any event, following the Na zis’ “Soc iali sm of Deed” ideology, all sorts of revolutionary new social and entertainment programs were provided to Germ an workers via the “Strength through Joy” (Kraft durch Freude, or KdF), considered the world’s biggest tour operators. The KdF program, which was designed to provide affordable leisure activities, included such amenities as subsidized domestic or foreign vacations, parks, ocean cruises, construction of worker canteens that provided subsidized hot meals, factory libraries and gardens, sport facilities and swimming pools, adult education courses, periodic breaks, orchestras during lunch break, tickets to concerts and operas, no-cost physical education, gymnastic and sports training. The DAF-subsidized holiday vacations were so popular that by 1938 over 10.3 million Germans signed up.
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@benangel3268 "N azi privatisation program"
There was none. On the contrarty, Hitl er sought to nationalize everything and started with nationalizing over 500+ major companies. Later he also abolished private property.
What the na zis did was the exact opposite of privatization, called as Gleichschaltung. a German term applied to the n azifica ti on of Ger man society following the Na zi seizure of power in 1933. Once Hitl er became chancellor, he and the Na zi Party sought to “coordinate” all political, social, and cultural institutions with the Na zi state. This “coordination” was done in the name of national unity. However, it allowed the Na zi Pa rty to extend its power by creating a single party state. Everything was subject to coordination: local government, economy, professional organizations, social clubs, leisure activities—even those for children. The state enforced coordination from the top-down. At the same time, many Ger mans responded with a bottom-up coordination of their own. This was known as Selbstgleichschaltung. Even Hi tler was surprised with the speed and ease of remaking Germany. He noted “everything is going much faster than we ever dared to hope.”
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"To put it quite clearly: we have an economic programme. Point No. 13 in that programme demands the nationalisation of all public companies, in other words so cialis ation, or what is known here as soc ial ism. … the basic principle of my Party’s economic programme should be made perfectly clear and that is the principle of authority… the good of the community takes priority over that of the individual. But the St ate should retain control; every owner should feel himself to be an agent of the State; it is his duty not to misuse his possessions to the detriment of the State or the interests of his fellow countrymen. That is the overr iding point. The Third Reich will always retain the right to control property owners. If you say that the bourgeoisie is tearing its hair over the que stion of private property, that does not affect me in the least. Does the bourgeoisie expect some consideration from me?… Today’s bourgeoisie is rotten to the core; it has no ideals any more; all it wants to do is earn money and so it does me what damage it can. The bourgeois press does me damage too and would like to consign me and my movement to the devil.“
— Adolf Hitler, Hit ler's interview with Richard Breiting, 1931, published in Edouard Calic, ed., “First Interview with Hi tler, 4 May 1931,” Secret Conversations with H itler: The Two Newly-Discovered 1931 Interviews, New York: John Day Co., 1971, pp. 31-33. Also published under the title Unmasked: Two Confidential Interviews with Hi tler in 1931, published by Chatto & Windus in 1971
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@benangel3268 "Check out the privatisation of steel, mining, banking, local public utilities, shipyards, ship-lines, railways, etc during the 1930s"
They nationalized everything. They privatized nothing. The National soci alis ts had the same relatio nship with corpo rations that the Bol shevik s did. The respective Party apparatus would intimidate and often directly control them, but would make deals when they had to. Not to mention, that shortly after the Na zis took control, they abolished private property. Article 153 of the Weimar Constitution guaranteed private property, with expropriation only to occur within the due process of the law, but this article was nullified by a decree on Feb. 28, 1933.
With this, the new National so ci alist gover nment had complete control of private property in Ger many. While it did not take complete control of the land, as the Bols heviks did in Russia in 1917, the Na zis issued quotas for industries and farms and later reorganized all industries into corporations run by members of the Na zi Party.
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@lupus3824 "And after gaining power, what did we see? Privatization, the exact opposite of state control and planning."
Wrong. There was no privatization of any kind. On the contrary, they mass nationalized the German industry and later reorganized all industries into corporations run by members of the Nazi Party. They even coined a word for their nationalization, known as "Gleichschaltung", a system of totalitarian control and coordination over all aspects of German society from the economy and trade associations to the media, culture and education. In a report prepared by an SS Hauptsturmführer in July 1944, the question “Why does the SS engage in business activities?” was answered as follows:
"This question was raised specifically by circles who think purely in terms of capitalism and who do not like to see companies developing which are public, or at least of a public character. The age of the liberal system of business demanded the primacy of business, in other words business comes first, and then the state. As opposed to this, National Socialism takes the position: the state directs the economy, the state is not there for business, business is there for the state."
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Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@cascadianapplications7124 "You're going to have to prove that the NS DAP was actu ally soci ali st "
They had a cen tralize d gove rnm ent, centr alized eco nomy (planned) similar to US SR, the gove rnment control led the means of prod uction and busin esses in general and decided what was to be produced, in what quantity, by what met hods, and to whom it was to be distrib uted, as well as what pri ces would be charged and what wages would be paid.
"To put it quite clearly: we have an econ omic prog ramme. Point No. 13 in that pr ogram me demands the nati onalisa tion of all public companies, in other words soc ialis ation, or what is known here as so ciali sm. … the basic principle of my Party’s economic programme should be made perfec tly clear and that is the prin ciple of authority… the good of the community takes prio rity over that of the individ ual. But the St ate should ret ain contr ol; every owner should feel himself to be an agent of the St ate; it is his duty not to misuse his possessions to the detriment of the St ate or the interests of his fellow coun trymen. That is the overri ding point. The Th ird Re ich will always retain the right to control property owners. If you say that the bourg eoisie is tea ring its hair over the question of priv ate prop erty, that does not affect me in the least. Does the bourgeoisie expect some consideration from me?… Today’s bourgeo isie is rott en to the core; it has no ideals any more; all it wants to do is earn money and so it does me what damage it can. The bourgeois press does me damage too and would like to consign me and my movement to the de vil.“
— Ad olf Hitl er, Hitl er's interview with Richard Breiting, 1931
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@EricLeafericson "& Mussolini wasn't serious about somehow bringing the Roman Empire back in 20th century."
It was nonetheless part of the Fascist ideology, as stated in their "Philosophy of Fascism" by Mario Palmieri (1936);
"The historical continuity of political forms, social organization, religious expression and spiritual aspirations, in the life of the Italian people, which had lasted two thousand years and had been broken only in the last few centuries of servitude to foreigners and their foreign ways of living, has been at last restored by Fascism, which is the direct heir of Roman traditions and of Roman ideals.
Fascism means, in fact, the return to Order, to Authority, to Law; the return to the Roman conception of human Society, conception which those centuries of oblivion could obscure but never efface.
Fascism is, in other words, intimately connected to Roman; its mission is the continuation of the mission of Rome; its heritage is the legacy of Rome.
There are some things Rome symbolized in the golden age of its glory which were and still are of supreme significance to mankind; things of the spirit of an eternal and absolute value which Fascism wants restored to their rightful supremacy."
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"Fascism is pure far right wing, though. "
Wrong. It has nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. On the contrary, it was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@TTrentybabyB "fascists openly collaborated with capitalists "
Wrong. They didn't. There was no collaboration of any kind, only subjugation.
“The Fascist State directs and controls the entrepreneurs, whether it be in our fisheries or in our heavy industry in the Val d'Aosta. There the State actually owns the mines and carries on transport, for the railways are state property. So are many of the factories… We term it state intervention… If anything fails to work properly, the State intervenes. The capitalists will go on doing what they are told, down to the very end. They have no option and cannot put up any fight. Capital is not God; it is only a means to an end.”
— Benito Mussolini, As quoted in Talks with Mussolini, Emil Ludwig, Boston, MA, Little, Brown and Company (1933)
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@James-os9ku "Anyone reading this comment and unsure about how this works ; I recommend a book called Blackshirt and Reds by Michael Parenti."
Parenti being a smooth brain Marxist, has no clue about Fascism and how it worked. If you people actually want to know how Fascism worked, then you should stop reading garbage Marxist propaganda and start from actual historical sources, such as;
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@manniking233 "but it is socialism that is willing to cooperate with capitalism by forcing it to serve the interests of an aggrieved constituency that is the base of the fascist."
Cooperation ... forcing ... pick one. There was no cooperation, only subjugation.
“The Fascist State directs and controls the entrepreneurs, whether it be in our fisheries or in our heavy industry in the Val d'Aosta. There the State actually owns the mines and carries on transport, for the railways are state property. So are many of the factories… We term it state intervention… If anything fails to work properly, the State intervenes. The capitalists will go on doing what they are told, down to the very end. They have no option and cannot put up any fight. Capital is not God; it is only a means to an end.”
— Benito Mussolini, As quoted in Talks with Mussolini, Emil Ludwig, Boston, MA, Little, Brown and Company (1933)
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@manniking233 "Fascism is NOT capitalism but it FACILITATES it when the free market has failed to stay sustainable for civilization."
What free market? There hasn't been a single country, not during monarchies nor after monarchies, that have had an actual free market. Everything always has been heavily regulated and controlled by the rulers, being it a king or a government. There was no free market before Fascism in Italy, there was no free market after Fascism in Italy and there is no free market in Italy to this day. Also on the contrary, it is the free market that would stay sustainable for civilization, however the governments around the world won't let that happen, as they just keep meddling with the economy and won't let it be.
"Of all obsolete institutions, the capitalist system is the most obsolete of all. ... First and foremost to be abolished, therefore, is the capitalist structure, or, rather, the capitalist super-structure which has done such great harm to modern society. ... Finally, if in the realm of Economics, The Fascist Revolution announces the doom of Capitalism, the Fascist Revolution cannot fail at the same time to express itself as a revolt against all the other aspects of Individualism in the life of man."
— the Philosophy of Fascism, Mario Palmieri, 1936
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@TTrentybabyB "He re-affirmed the class system and collaborated with the rich citizens and capitalists so that they would prosper the most during the ensuing invasions and world war."
Wrong. There was no collaboration, only subjugation.
"I will tolerate no opposition. We recognize only subordination – authority downwards and responsibility upwards. You just tell the German bourgeoisie that I shall be finished with them far quicker than I shall with Marxism... When once the conservative forces in Germany realize that only I and my party can win the German proletariat over to the State and that no parliamentary games can be played with Marxist parties, then Germany will be saved for all time, then we can found a German Peoples State. ... Over the last forty years the German bourgeoisie has been a lamentable failure; it has not given the German people a single leader; it will have to bow without gainsaying to the totality of my ideology... The bourgeoisie rules by intrigue, but it can have no foothold in my movement because we accept no Jews or Jewish accomplices into our Party. "
— Hitler's interview with Richard Breiting, 1931, published in Edouard Calic, ed.
"After all, there are two worlds which confront each other. And they are right when they say: 'We can never reconcile ourselves to the National Socialist world.' For how could a narrow-minded capitalist possibly declare his agreement with my principles? It would be easier for the devil to go to church and take holy water. "
— "Speech To Workers of Berlin," (Rheinmetall-Borsig works), Adolf Hitler: Collection of Speeches 1922-1945 (December 10, 1940)
"Most cruel joke of all, however, has been played by Hitler & Co. on those German capitalists and small businessmen who once backed National Socialism as a means of saving Germany's bourgeois economic structure from radicalism. The Nazi credo that the individual belongs to the state also applies to business. Some businesses have been confiscated outright, on others what amounts to a capital tax has been levied. Profits have been strictly controlled. Some idea of the increasing Governmental control and interference in business could be deduced from the fact that 80% of all building and 50% of all industrial orders in Germany originated last year with the Government. Hard-pressed for foodstuffs as well as funds, the Nazi regime has taken over large estates and in many instances collectivized agriculture, a procedure fundamentally similar to Russian Communism."
— "Adolf Hitler: Man of the Year, 1938", Time; January 2, 1939.
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@goldbluetears "So please enlighten us what is your definition of fas cism?"
Totalitarian far-left, socia list ideology based on national syndic alism and Hegelian philosophy. Fasci sm was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist soci alism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose wasn't the promotion of private interest, but the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
Ideologically, where the Fascists diverged from the Marxists was in their rejection of the narrative of class warfare, which they saw as utterly repudiated by the behavior of "the proletariat" during World War I, where rather than join together in a mutual overthrow of capitalism, the working class of each country stayed in lockstep with national loyalties and slaughtered their supposed foreign class brethren. Both the Fascists and Marxists despised Liberalism, and saw it as having a perverse role in atomizing the individual from society. Mussolini's favored intellectual, Giovanni Gentile, freely acknowledged Fascism' kinship with Marxism through Sorellian Syndicalism.
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@TylerJames88 "I'm not arguing with someone who rejects the writings of the fascists on fascism. Have a good day."
I'm literally quoting and telling you about the writings of the Fascists themselves. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@TylerJames88 "right wing closer to the traditional right wing than liberalism. I'm correct."
Wrong. Again, Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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As stated in "the Philosophy of Fascism" by Mario Palmieri, endorsed by Mussolini:
"The Fascist Revolution is teaching us that inasmuch as production is national in character, all surplus value derived from the play of productive forces has a national significance and importance, and must not be used, therefore, to enrich private individuals, and further the ends of private interests.
The Fascist Revolution is teaching us that the times cry out aloud for a thorough revision of the principles of production; it is teaching us that there must be national planning, not individual planning of the amount of things produced, and that, furthermore, there must be national planning of its of distribution and apportioning among the various classes of society.
Finally, if in the realm of Economics it announces the doom of Capitalism, the Fascist Revolution cannot fail at the same time to express itself as a revolt against all the other aspects of Individualism in the life of man.
The Fascist Revolution is thus a revolt against Liberalism in social theory and social practice, against Democracy in politics, against Materialism and its derivatives in philosophy."
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@sH-ed5yf "Nazi germany left the entire heavy industry in private hands."
I.G. Farben, Junkers, Porsche etc ... every single heavy industry was either owned by NSDAP members or the party itself directly. Everything was controlled by the party.
"The party is all-embracing. It rules our lives in all their breadth and depth... There will be no license, no free space, in which the individual belongs to himself. This is Socialism... Let them then own land or factories as much as they please. The decisive factor is that the State, through the party, is supreme over them, regardless whether they are owners or workers."
- Hitler Speaks (1940)
"Germany's economic policy is conducted exclusively in accordance with the interests of the German people. In this respect I am a fanatical socialist, one who has ever in mind the interests of all his people."
- Speech on the 21st Anniversary of the National Socialist Party (24 February 1941)
"A strong State will see that production is carried on in the national interests, and, if these interests are contravened, can proceed to expropriate the enterprise concerned and take over its administration."
- Hitler and I, quotes from unspecified earlier dates per Otto Strasser, Boston, MA, Houghton Mifflin Company (1940)
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zazaza1117 "No , it's right-wing ... Fasci sm is rig ht-wing populist palingenetic, irredentist ultra-nationalism ....."
Wrong. Fasc ism was a totali tarian far-left, soc ialist ideology based on national syndicalism. It sits on the right side of mar xism, nothing to do with right wing of any kind. It was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose wasn't the promotion of private interest, but the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
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All la bor uni ons were abolished in May 1933, replaced by the Deu tsche Arbeit sfront (DAF, or German Labor Front). The DAF created a single overarching la bor uni on. Essentially all German workers and employees in every economic sector belonged to the DAF. While traditional unions prioritized workers’ rights, the DAF emphasized national economic goals above personal well-being.
In September 1933, Joseph Goebbels created the Reich Culture Chamber. It coordinated literature, music, theater, radio, film, fine arts, and the press. Only artists and writers belonging to its affiliated bodies could continue in their professions. Groups that were previously organized under political parties or labor unions—such as sports teams, music groups, and craft associations—were disbanded. The ones that remained were organized under the NS DAP.
A 1934 law made the Adolf Youth the only legal youth group in Germany. 5 In 1939, participation became mandatory. All German children became exposed to NS DAP ideology from an early age. Even leisure time was coordinated according to NS DAP principles in the Strength through Joy (Kraft durch Freude) program. The program was a division of the German Labor Front. Strength through Joy offered subsidized tourism packages, music lessons, art classes, fitness opportunities, and sponsored theater and concert tickets.
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
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The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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Except they ended up abolishing private property rights with the Reichstag fire degree on Feb. 28, 1933. Article 153 of the Weimar Constitution guaranteed private property, with expropriation only to occur within the due process of the law, but this article was nullified. Also in Hitler's table talks on September 3, 1942, he said that land was “national property, and in the end only given to the individual as a loan.” Hitler only recognized private property insofar as it was used according to the principle “common benefit ahead of private benefit,” which meant that if it was necessary in the common interest, the state had the right at all times to decide the way, the extent to which, and when private property was used, and the common interest was, of course, defined by the state.
Owning property was therefore conditional. You either did exactly what the Nazi government told you to do, or your business got seized and given to another. Which is why they later reorganized all industries into corporations run by members of the Nazi Party.
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@lexter8379 : Wrong. Fascis m was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndic alism, which itself was an outgrowth from Ma rxist socialis m. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose wasn't the promotion of private interest, but the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
Ideologically, where the Fascis ts diverged from the Marxists was in their rejection of the narrative of class warfare, which they saw as utterly repudiated by the behavior of "the proletariat" during World War I, where rather than join together in a mutual overthrow of capitalism, the working class of each country stayed in lockstep with national loyalties and slaughtered their supposed foreign class brethren. Both the Fascists and Marxists despised classical Liberalism, and saw it as having a perverse role in atomizing the individual from society. Mussolini's favored intellectual, Giovanni Gentile, freely acknowledged Fas cism' kinship with Marxis m through Sorellian Syndicalism.
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@thethirdman225 "Trying to make the case that ‘fascism is really left wing’ (nudge, nudge, wink, wink) is an attempt to rewrite history for political purposes."
Wrong. You are historically illiterate if anything. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism. Fascism, as created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society.
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Wrong.
The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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Wrong. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@stefanodadamo6809 "Fascism was far right, period. "
Wrong. Again, Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on revolutionary National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel (Sorelianism). It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@z2z3z45 : Wrong. Fascism was never anti-socialism nor did if fight against socialism. It was anti-Marxism and fought against Marxism specifically. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@Worldmisery "Fascism is anti-socialist and right wing."
Wrong. Fascism was neither. Again, Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@thebuilder5271 : Wrong. Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel (Sorelianism). It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@handy-t6t "Fascism IS literally far right. "
Wrong. Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel (Sorelianism). It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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"Norway, Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Great Britain, Canada, the Netherlands, Spain, Ireland, Belgium, Switzerland, Australia, Japan, and New Zealand are more what socialists are talking about. That's because they are democratic socialist nations."
None of those countries have socialism though. What we have here in Europe and in those other countries, is called Social-Democracy, which is capitalism with government regulations, also known as a mixed economy. More or less a downgrade from what the USA has. Nothing to do with socialism whatsoever.
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"it's poor because America had an embargo on them since the 60s "
The embargo does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The embargo did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The embargo is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;"
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@nottherealxandercrews4742 : That is correct. Everything was brought under the rulership of the State, even businesses. If that was what you originally meant, then I misread. Apologies.
"The State exists for all the people, but is also above the people, and, if necessary, against the people. ... It is against them whenever they attempt to place their particular interests above the general interests of the Nation. ... It is the purpose of Fascism to unify the Nation through the sovereign State, the State which is above all and can be against all, because it represents the moral continuity of the Nation. Without State there is no Nation.”
- Mussolini, speech on August 8th, 1925
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The embargo does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The embargo did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The embargo is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;"
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Wrong. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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@user-xn8nx2xj8y : Eco wasn't an historian for starters, he was a medievalist. The problem with his "Ur-Fascism" was that his listed characteristics are rather generic and vague, that they can be applied to almost every totalitarian and dictatorial regime. None of those characteristics are unique to Fascism. Eco also denies that Fascism was even an ideology, while the Fascists themselves would most certainly disagree, after all, there were many Fascist theoreticians helping Mussolini to form the ideology (Alceste De Ambris & Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, Sergio Panunzio, Alfredo Rocco, Edmondo Rossoni, Mario Palmieri, Giovanni Gentile and many others).
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@maxfan1591 Wrong. They were far-left socialists.
The fact that the capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alternative of Marxism or Naz ism, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marxists. Capi talists don't like to be killed any more than other people do.
Nazis believed, just like the Fascists, that only the State can properly organize a Soc ialist Society.
They were politically, socially and econo mically anti-cons ervative, since they didn't want to preserve the status quo nor did they want to bring back Monarchy / Kaiser. The conservatives thought Hitler would end the Republic and bring back Mon archy and Kaiser. They were wrong.
Hitler's point was that Marxism must be rejected NOT because it is soci alist, but because it is in cahoots with international finance capital. In fact, Hitler thought the Marxists were INSINCERE about their socialism. This being-in-cahoots of capitalism and Marxism (through the Je ws) is the MAIN point made in Mein Kampf. And is the reason why, for the Nazis, socialism had to become nationalist. That socialism had to become nationalist, did not, however, mean that it went right-wing.
Owning prop erty was made conditi onal and private property rights were abolished with the Reich stag fire de cree on February 28, 1933. The Na zis suspended a number of articles of the Weimar Constitution; Among these were Article 115 and Art icle 153. Article 115 said: "The dw elling of every German is his sanctuary and is inviolable. Exceptions may be imposed by authority of law." Article 153 also guaranteed property. Obviou sly, they did not confiscate everyone's property, however all pro perty always could be confiscated by the state and a certain amount was. Industry was divided into 13 sectors and placed under the control of the state.
They nationalized unions into one single nation wide union known as the Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF, or German La bor Front). The DAF created a single overarching labor union. Essentially all German workers and employees in every ec onomic sector belonged to the DAF. For example, far mers were coordinated into the Reich Food Estate. While traditional unions prioritized workers’ rights, the DAF emp hasized national economic goals above personal well-being.
Under the newly created German Labor Front (DAF), the Na zis set high wages, overtime pay was generous, and dismissal of workers by employers was difficult to execute, but inflation and stricter labor laws eroded much of that advantage.
It was a well known fact before and during the war, that Hi tler's National Soci alist party was an alter native, socialist school of thought which rejected the marxist version of socialism, and capitalism respectively... hence they called themselves a 3rd position.
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@Rum-Runner "For example, the N*zi regime enco uraged the priva tization of busine sses ... The N*zi regime supported the wides pread privatiza tion of bu sinesses and firms in various sectors, including banking, mining, shipbui lding, steel pro duction, railways, and utilities, among others, reversing policies enacted earlier by the Weimar Republic which had supported nationalization of such industries."
Wrong. Privatization was not a thing in N azi Germany. On the contrary, they nationalized most of the industry and later reorganized all industries into corporations run by members of the Na zi Party. They called this "Gleichschaltung".
"To put it quite clearly: we have an economic programme. Point No. 13 in that programme demands the nationalisation of all public companies, in other words socia lisation, or what is known here as socialis m. … the basic principle of my Party’s economic programme should be made perfectly clear and that is the principle of authority… the good of the community takes priority over that of the individual. But the State should retain control; every owner should feel himself to be an agent of the State; it is his duty not to misuse his possessions to the detriment of the State or the interests of his fellow countrymen. That is the overriding point. The Third Reich will always retain the right to control property owners. If you say that the bourgeoisie is tearing its hair over the question of private property, that does not affect me in the least. Does the bourgeoisie expect some consideration from me?… Today’s bourgeoisie is rotten to the core; it has no ideals any more; all it wants to do is earn money and so it does me what damage it can. The bourgeois press does me damage too and would like to consign me and my movement to the devil.“
— Ad olf Hit ler, H itler's interview with Richard Breiting, 1931, pub lished in Edouard Calic, ed.
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@AppleAirsoft "Fascist apologist lines like that crumble when put against basic ideological fact or political science, "
That was merely a historical fact. Nothing more, nothing less. Fascism was totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@maxfan1591 Wrong. They were far-left socialists.
The fact that the capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alternative of Marx ism or Nazi sm, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marxists. Capit alists don't like to be killed any more than other people do.
Nazis believed, just like the Fascists, that only the State can properly organize a Soci alist Society.
They were politically, socially and econo mically anti-cons ervative, since they didn't want to preserve the sta tus quo nor did they want to bring back Monarchy / Kaiser. The conservatives thought Hitler would end the Republic and bring back Mon archy and Kaiser. They were wr ong.
Hitler's point was that Marxism must be rejected NOT because it is soci alist, but because it is in cahoots with interna tional finance capital. In fact, Hitler thought the Marxists were INSINCERE about their socialism. This being-in-cahoots of capitalism and Marxism (through the Je ws) is the MAIN point made in Mein Kampf. And is the reason why, for the Nazis, socialism had to become nationalist. That socialism had to become nationalist, did not, however, mean that it went right-wing.
Owning prop erty was made conditi onal and private property rights were abolished with the Reich stag fire decree on February 28, 1933. The Na zis suspended a number of articles of the Weimar Constitution; Among these were Article 115 and Article 153. Article 115 said: "The dw elling of every German is his sanctuary and is inviolable. Exceptions may be imposed by authority of law." Article 153 also guaranteed property. Obviously, they did not confiscate everyone's property, however all pro perty always could be confiscated by the state and a certain amount was. Industry was divided into 13 sectors and placed under the control of the state.
They nationalized unions into one single nation wide union known as the Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF, or German La bor Front). The DAF created a single overarching labor union. Essentially all German workers and employees in every economic sector belonged to the DAF. For example, far mers were coordinated into the Reich Food Estate. While traditional unions prioritized workers’ rights, the DAF emphasized national economic goals above personal well-being.
Under the newly created German Labor Front (DAF), the Na zis set high wages, overtime pay was generous, and dismissal of workers by employers was difficult to execute, but inflation and stricter labor laws eroded much of that advantage.
It was a well known fact before and during the war, that Hi tler's National Soci alist party was an alter native, socialist school of thought which rejected the marxist version of socialism, and capitalism respectively... hence they called themselves a 3rd position.
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@РевольверВалентайн " Fascist ideology, for example, is right-wing, despite the implication of having a powerful government. Because the fascist government is only an instrument in the hands of a small group of industrial and financial capital."
Wrong. Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever nor "industrial and finance capital". Stop reading some smooth brain Parenti and start reading actual history. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@Trying911 : Wrong. It had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind nor with ethnic grouping whatsoever. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@Worldmisery "The Nazi economy was built on business, and business profited from war crimes."
Wrong. Nazi economy had nothing to do with businesses per se. It was build around the totalitarian State which controlled everything, and also decided what was to be produced, in what quantity, by what methods, and to whom it was to be distributed, as well as what prices would be charged and what wages would be paid. It was almost identical to the USSR under Stalin. In a report prepared by an SS Hauptsturmführer in July 1944, the question “Why does the SS engage in business activities?” was answered as follows:
"This question was raised specifically by circles who think purely in terms of capitalism and who do not like to see companies developing which are public, or at least of a public character. The age of the liberal system of business demanded the primacy of business, in other words business comes first, and then the state. As opposed to this, National Socialism takes the position: the state directs the economy, the state is not there for business, business is there for the state." (Die wirtschaftlichen Unternehmungen der SS.)
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Wrong definition as Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@jonplays395 "Fascism is generally considered a far-right ideology due to several key reasons and its historical context. Firstly, fascism promotes extreme nationalism and authoritarianism, often emphasizing the superiority of a particular race or nation. This aligns with right-wing ideologies that emphasize strong central control and hierarchical structures"
Wrong. By that logic, US SR, modern day Ch ina and North Ko rea would also be "far-right" somehow. Also there is not a single right wing ideology that would emphasize strong central control. The fundamental differences between left-wing and right-wing ideologies center around the the rights of individuals vs. the power of the government. Left-wing beliefs are based on the idea that society is best served with an expanded role for the government. People on the right believe that the best outcome for society is achieved when individual rights and civil liberties are paramount and the role — and especially the power — of the government is minimized.
When it comes to fascism, again, it was a far-left socialist ideology. It was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socia lism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose wasn't the promotion of private interest, but the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
Ideologically, where the Fascists diverged from the Marxists was in their rejection of the narrative of class warfare, which they saw as utterly repudiated by the behavior of "the proletariat" during World War I, where rather than join together in a mutual overthrow of capitalism, the working class of each country stayed in lockstep with national loyalties and slaughtered their supposed foreign class brethren. Both the Fascists and Marxists despised Liberalism, and saw it as having a perverse role in atomizing the individual from society. Mussolini's favored intellectual, Giovanni Gentile, freely acknowledged Fascism' kinship with Marxism through Sorellian Syndicalism.
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@Fluxwux "and anti union/workers rights "
Every single socialist one-party dictatorship were against these things. In fact, Hitler and Mussolini were simply imitating Lenin, who had earlier closed down all independent labor associations, factory committees and worker cooperatives, banned strikes, walkouts, and lockouts. Lenin even forced workers to work a slavish 80-hour week. After the Bolsheviks banned all labor unions, one unionist “described the unions as ‘living corpses.’” Any Russian worker who participated in general strikes was arrested, imprisoned or shot. Under Lenin’s regime, workers had no real representation or bargaining rights and were treated like industrial serfs who were chained to their factories. Although Hitler and Mussolini followed Lenin’s nationalizing craze, their treatment of workers did not mimic their Russian counterparts.
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@Fluxwux "Fascism is to its core a right wing ideology,"
Wrong. Again, Fascism had absolutely nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@bogdanzivkovic8711 : You have no clue what you are talking about.
The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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Minimmalmythicist "Fascism is also certainly not left wing in any other way, "
Wrong. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@Mark-zk3gu : "Does this sound like Nazi Germany to you?"
It certainly does. Hi tler and NS DP were mostly against private property which they officially abolished with the Reichst ag Fi re Dec ree. While they did not dire ctly advocate ownership, they did advoc ate for st ate cont rol over the me ans of produc tion. Na zi Germ any had a pla nned econo my contr olled by the sta te in w hich all indu stries and natural resources were state co ntrolled.
According to Hit ler himself:
"To put it quite clearly: we have an econo mic progr amme. Point No. 13 in that progra mme demands the nation alisation of all public com panies, in other words sociali sation, or what is known here as social ism. … the basic principle of my Part y’s eco nomic programme should be made perfectly clear and that is the prin ciple of author ity… the good of the community takes priority over that of the individual. But the State should retain control; every owner should feel himself to be an agent of the State; it is his duty not to misuse his possessions to the detriment of the State or the interests of his fellow countrymen. That is the overr iding point. The Thi rd Re ich will always retain the right to control property owners. If you say that the bourgeoisie is tearing its hair over the question of private property, that does not affect me in the least. Does the bourgeoisie expect some consideration from me?… Tod ay’s bour geoisie is rotten to the core; it has no ideals any more; all it wants to do is earn money and so it does me what damage it can. The bourgeois press does me damage too and would like to consign me and my movement to the devil.“
— Adolf Hit ler, Hit ler's interview with Richard Breiting, 1931, published in Edouard Calic, ed., “First Interview with Hi tler, 4 May 1931,” Secret Conversations with Hit ler: The Two Newly-Discovered 1931 Interviews, New York: John Day Co., 1971, pp. 31-33. Also published under the title Unmasked: Two Confidential Interviews with Hit ler in 1931, published by Chatto & Windus in 1971
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@Mark-zk3gu "The night of the long knives was in 1934, where Hitler killed and expunged all the Strasserites from his party."
The "night of the long knives" was all about the SA. By 1934, the main threat to Hitler’s continued control of the government came from within the N azi Par ty, specifically the SA since their violence and intimidation was met with increasing public disapproval. To reassure the nation, Hit ler announced that the revolutionary phase of the “natio nal uprising” had ended. Among the SA, however, there was talk of a second revolution. This was to be led by SA commander Ernst Röhm. By this time, the SA had 4.5 million members so it far outnumbered the Reichswehr, Germ any’s armed forces. Röhm made no secret of his desire to subor dinate the mili tary to the SA. In June 1934, Germany's generals made clear to Hi tler that he had to tame the SA or face a military coup. On June 30, 1934, Hit ler executed a bloody purge of the SA. The estimated 150 to 200 victims included Röhm and other SA leaders, as well as con servati ve figures who had earned Na zi displeasure. Though subordinate to the SA, the SS carried out most of the mur ders. As reward, Hitl er made the SS an independent Na zi organization. Its leader Hein rich Himm ler answered directly to Hit ler.
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@montithered4741 : And?
p.13, denial of individualism, reaffirmation of statism.
p. 15, opposing marx ists ideas and denial of the "class struggle".
p. 30, opposing ma rxis m.
p. 31, opposing democratic ideologies.
p. 32, opposing (classical) libe ralis m.
Fa scis m was a political and economic system that rejects ca pit alis m, li bera lis m/de moc ra cy, and co mmun ism aka m arx ism, in which the means of production is organized by national worker syn dic als (i.e. tra de uni ons), and the guiding philosophy of the state is Actual Idealism.
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@montithered4741 : According to Mussolini's own words:
“Our programs are definitely equal to our revo lutio nary ideas and they belong to what in democratic regime is called “le ft”; our institutions are a direct result of our programs and our ideal is the La bor St ate. In this case there can be no doubt: we are the working cla ss in stru ggle for life and death, against ca pital ism. We are the re volu tionari es in search of a new order. If this is so, to invoke help from the bour geo isie by waving the r ed pe ril is an absurdity. The real scar ecrow, the real danger, the threat against which we fight relentlessly, comes from the ri ght. It is not at all in our interest to have the cap itali st bour geois ie as an ally against the threat of the re d pe ril, even at best it would be an unfaithful ally, which is trying to make us serve its ends, as it has done more than once with some success. I will spare words as it is totally superfluous. In fact, it is harmful, because it makes us confuse the types of genuine revolutionaries of whatever hue, with the man of reaction who sometimes uses our very language.”
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Wrong.
The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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@maxfan1591 Wrong. They were far-left socialists.
The fact that the capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alternative of Marxism or Nazism, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marxists. Capitalists don't like to be killed any more than other people do.
Nazis believed, just like the Fascists, that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society.
They were politically, socially and econo mically anti-cons ervative, since they didn't want to preserve the status quo nor did they want to bring back Monarchy / Kaiser. The conservatives thought Hitler would end the Republic and bring back Mon archy and Kaiser. They were wrong.
Hitler's point was that Marxism must be rejected NOT because it is soci alist, but because it is in cahoots with international finance capital. In fact, Hitler thought the Marxists were INSINCERE about their socialism. This being-in-cahoots of capitalism and Marxism (through the Je ws) is the MAIN point made in Mein Kampf. And is the reason why, for the Nazis, socialism had to become nationalist. That socialism had to become nationalist, did not, however, mean that it went right-wing.
Owning prop erty was made conditi onal and private prop erty rights were abolished with the Reich stag fire decree on February 28, 1933. The Na zis suspended a number of articles of the Weimar Constitution; Among these were Article 115 and Article 153. Article 115 said: "The dw elling of every German is his sanctuary and is inviolable. Exceptions may be imposed by authority of law." Article 153 also guaranteed property. Obviously, they did not confiscate everyone's property, however all pro perty always could be confiscated by the state and a certain amount was. Industry was divided into 13 sectors and placed under the control of the state.
They natio nalized unions into one single nation wide union known as the Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF, or German La bor Front). The DAF created a single overarching labor union. Essentially all German workers and employees in every economic sector belonged to the DAF. For example, far mers were coordin ated into the Reich Food Estate. While traditional unions prioritized workers’ rights, the DAF emphasized national economic goals above personal well-being.
Under the newly created German Labor Front (DAF), the Na zis set high wages, overtime pay was generous, and dismissal of workers by emp loyers was difficult to execute, but inflation and stricter labor laws eroded much of that advantage.
It was a well known fact before and during the war, that Hi tler's National Soci alist party was an alter native, socialist school of thought which rejected the marx ist version of socialism, and capitalism respectively... hence they called themselves a 3rd position.
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"Why don't you specify that one of the reasons these countries are so poor are the blockades that Americans imposed on them."
The embargo does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not dictate that the cows are state property, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The embargo did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The embargo is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;"
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The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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@inigo9000 "Nazi government took the stance that enterprises should be in private hands wherever possible."
Wrong. Hitler has specifically said before and after they rose into power, that enterprises are controlled by the NSDAP and in the hands of the NSDAP.
"To put it quite clearly: we have an economic programme. Point No. 13 in that programme demands the nationalisation of all public companies, in other words socialisation, or what is known here as socialism. … the basic principle of my Party’s economic programme should be made perfectly clear and that is the principle of authority… the good of the community takes priority over that of the individual. But the State should retain control; every owner should feel himself to be an agent of the State; it is his duty not to misuse his possessions to the detriment of the State or the interests of his fellow countrymen. That is the overriding point. The Third Reich will always retain the right to control property owners. If you say that the bourgeoisie is tearing its hair over the question of private property, that does not affect me in the least. Does the bourgeoisie expect some consideration from me?… Today’s bourgeoisie is rotten to the core; it has no ideals any more; all it wants to do is earn money and so it does me what damage it can. The bourgeois press does me damage too and would like to consign me and my movement to the devil.“
— Adolf Hitler, Hitler's interview with Richard Breiting, 1931, published in Edouard Calic, ed.
"Germany's economic policy is conducted exclusively in accordance with the interests of the German people. In this respect I am a fanatical socialist, one who has ever in mind the interests of all his people."
— Speech on the 21st Anniversary of the National Socialist Party (24 February 1941)
"The party is all-embracing. It rules our lives in all their breadth and depth... There will be no license, no free space, in which the individual belongs to himself. This is Socialism... Let them then own land or factories as much as they please. The decisive factor is that the State, through the party, is supreme over them, regardless whether they are owners or workers."
— Hitler Speaks (1940)
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timbrown8443 "We all know who this description most closely resembles. ....."
Wrong definition as Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind. On the contrary, Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@LG-tw5vm "However, the businesses were forced to do the bidding of the government, correct?"
Yes, they most certainly were, as neatly said in "the Philosophy of Fascism" by Mario Palmieri;
"... This means that there cannot be any single economic interests which are above the general economic interests of the State, no individual, economic initiatives which do not fall under the supervision and regulation of the State, no relationships of the various classes of the nations which are not the concern of the State.
... We see thus the Fascist State resolutely enter the economic field to dictate what shall be from now on the relationship between the capital and labor, employer and employees, landowner and farmhand, industrialist and worker.
... Knowing that the social problems cannot be entirely solved by regulation of the rapports between capital and labor, but must be solved also with regard to the general facts of production and distribution, Fascism decrees that the productive forces of the nation cannot be any longer at the mercy of the individual’s selfishness and greed, but must be brought, instead, under the supreme discipline of the State."
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Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel (Sorelianism). It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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"Fascism = the one with most voilence are in control"
Not exactly. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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"He’s right, current right wing parties are, in that sense, socialist. They never talk about tearing down government pension programs, unemployment insurance, taxes, etc. In the UK case, NHS."
No, they are neither Right wing nor socialist. They are Centrists. That is why almost nothing changes, as it is about moderate politics, and consists of people who strongly support moderate policies and people who are not strongly aligned with left-wing or right-wing policies.
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@joaocherrydon9413 "Again, that word used be mean prioritizing society in your policies rather than freedoms or individuality, economic opportunities, etc."
Again, that word is Collectivism, not socialism, which by definition is an economic system where the collective (such as workers, guilds, syndicates, unions, the government etc.) either directly own or control the buildings and tools that make goods and services like farms and factories. This can be achieved through decentralized and direct worker-ownership, or through centralized state-ownership or control of the means of production.
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@AlethicAvenger "both ideologies shared key features, such as authoritarianism, ie. belief in a strong central leader and suppression of dissent, nationalism, ie. extreme emphasis on national identity and unity, often with a sense of national superiority, militarism, ie. glorification of military power and the use of force, totalitarianism, ie. an aim to control all aspects of society, including politics, economy, culture, and private life, ... and suppression of opposition, ie. use of violence and propaganda to silence political opponents. .... combined with other fascist traits (like militarism, ultranationalism, and suppression of dissent) that defines fascism."
Again, these "key features" are found in every single totalitarian and dictatorial regime. None of them are unique to Fascism nor National Socialism.
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I guess it would also be good to define the Fascist ideology, in order for you people to not confuse it with National Socialism anymore, so here it goes; Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@AlethicAvenger " 1) fascism's emphasis on nationalism, hierarchy, traditional social structures, and its opposition to both liberal democracy and communism are characteristics typically associated with right-wing ideologies."
None of these traits have anything to do with Right wing. Nationalism is a form of collectivism and therefore a Leftist trait, also used by various different socialist ideologies such as Stalinism, Maoism etc. Every single political ideology based on the concept of a "government" has hierarchies, some more some less. Fascism during its time was a revolutionary and anti-conservative movement and wasn't really advocating for traditional Italian social structures. Fascism was opposed to liberalism, democracy and communism as Fascism believed in an all encompassing State, being the center, the meaning and the existence of human life.
"7. Anti-individualistic, the Fascist conception is for the State; and it is for the individual only in so far as he coincides with the State, which is the conscience and universal will of man in his historical existence. It is opposed to classical liberalism, which arose as a reaction to absolutism and exhausted its historical function when the State was transformed into the conscience and will of the people. Liberalism denied the State in the interest of the particular individual; Fascism reasserts the State as the true reality of the individual. And if liberty is to be the attribute of real men, and not of abstract puppets invented by individualistic liberalism, then Fascism is for liberty, and for the only liberty which can be real, the liberty of the State and of the individual within the State. Therefore, for the Fascist, everything is in the State, and outside of it nothing human or spiritual can exist, much less have value. In this sense Fascism is totalitarian, and the Fascist State—the synthesis and unity of all values—interprets, develops, and potentiates the whole life of the people."
- the Doctrine of Fascism
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@AlethicAvenger " they maintained private ownership of the means of production, "
Wrong. They didn't. Nazi Germany abolished private property rights via Reichstag fire decree on February 28, 1933, and the means of production was controlled by the NSDAP via DAF. Fascist Italy took control over the means of production via Corporatism ("corporativismo" in Italian). It was one of the cornerstone principles in Mussolini's fascism, and had to do with the way society and the economy would be organized, with state power at the head of a system of nationalized syndicates ("corporazione") representing each major industry. Mussolini's corporatist view stressed total state power over businesses as much as over individuals, via these governing industry bodies controlled by the Fascist party, in which businesses retained the responsibilities of property, but few if any of the freedoms. Each profession and field had their own Syndicate, which in turn, operated symbiotically with its composed members, whose activities and interactions were managed and coordinated by the government.
In both countries and ideologies, the idea was to let the state control and direct the economy from the top-down without itself owning the means of production.
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@AlethicAvenger "Fascism often collaborated with capitalist elites "
Wrong. They did no such thing, as per Mussolini's own words;
“The Fascist State directs and controls the entrepreneurs, whether it be in our fisheries or in our heavy industry in the Val d'Aosta. There the State actually owns the mines and carries on transport, for the railways are state property. So are many of the factories… We term it state intervention… If anything fails to work properly, the State intervenes. The capitalists will go on doing what they are told, down to the very end. They have no option and cannot put up any fight. Capital is not God; it is only a means to an end.”
— Benito Mussolini, As quoted in Talks with Mussolini, Emil Ludwig, Boston, MA, Little, Brown and Company (1933)
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@AlethicAvenger " its economic policies were interventionist and regulatory but not fundamentally anti-capitalist. "
Wrong. They were specifically anti-capitalist as they opposed every kind of a Market based economy system and had a socialist Command economy. Excerpt from "the Philosophy of Fascism" by Mario Palmieri (1936);
"Fascism, which is the very antithesis of Individualism, stands as the nemesis of all economic doctrines and all economic practice of both the capitalistic and the communistic systems. Fascism holds that:
01. The economic life of man cannot be abstracted and separated from the whole of his spiritual life. In the words of Mussolini: “The economic man does not exist. Man is integral; he is political, economic, religious, saint and warrior at the same time.”
02. The economic life of man is influenced, if not actually determined, by idealistic factors.
03. True economic progress can derive only from the concerted effort of individuals who know how to sacrifice their personal egoism and ambitions for the good of the whole.
04. Economic initiatives cannot be left to the arbitrary decisions of private, individual interests.
05. Open competition, if not wisely directed and restricted, actually destroys wealth instead of creating it.
06. The wealth of a community is something intangible which cannot be identified with the sum of riches of single individuals.
07. The proper function of the State in the Fascist system is that of supervising, regulating and arbitrating the relationships of capital and labor, employers and employees, individuals and associations, private interests and national interests.
08. Class war is avoidable and must be avoided. Class war is deleterious to the orderly and fruitful life of the nation therefore it has no place in the Fascist State.
09. More important than the production of wealth is its right distribution, distribution which must benefit in the best possible way all the classes of the nation, hence, the nation itself.
10. Private wealth belongs not only to the individual, but in a symbolic sense, to the State as well.
These fundamental tenets of Fascist economy derive in turn from those basic conceptions of the Fascist doctrine of the State which we have expounded in the chapter of the “Fascist State.” We have said there, in fact, that the Fascist State is a Sovereign State. This means that there cannot be any single economic interests which are above the general economic interests of the State, no individual, economic initiatives which do not fall under the supervision and regulation of the State, no relationships of the various classes of the nations which are not the concern of the State .... We see thus the Fascist State resolutely enter the economic field to dictate what shall be from now on the relationship between the capital and labor, employer and employees, landowner and farmhand, industrialist and worker."
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@MyBedIsInAWall "1: Fascism is an, authoritarian, and ultranationalist political ideology and movement, characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy, subordination of individual interests for the perceived good of the nation or race, and strong regimentation of society and the economy."
Technically this is not the definition of Fascism. This is a generic definition of every Totalitarian and Dictatorial regime, including the socialist ones.
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Excerpt from "the Philosophy of Fascism" by Mario Palmieri;
"Fascism, which is the very antithesis of Individualism, stands as the nemesis of all economic doctrines and all economic practice of both the capitalistic and the communistic systems. Fascism holds that:
01. The economic life of man cannot be abstracted and separated from the whole of his spiritual life. In the words of Mussolini: “The economic man does not exist. Man is integral; he is political, economic, religious, saint and warrior at the same time.”
02. The economic life of man is influenced, if not actually determined, by idealistic factors.
03. True economic progress can derive only from the concerted effort of individuals who know how to sacrifice their personal egoism and ambitions for the good of the whole.
04. Economic initiatives cannot be left to the arbitrary decisions of private, individual interests.
05. Open competition, if not wisely directed and restricted, actually destroys wealth instead of creating it.
06. The wealth of a community is something intangible which cannot be identified with the sum of riches of single individuals.
07. The proper function of the State in the Fascist system is that of supervising, regulating and arbitrating the relationships of capital and labor, employers and employees, individuals and associations, private interests and national interests.
08. Class war is avoidable and must be avoided. Class war is deleterious to the orderly and fruitful life of the nation therefore it has no place in the Fascist State.
09. More important than the production of wealth is its right distribution, distribution which must benefit in the best possible way all the classes of the nation, hence, the nation itself.
10. Private wealth belongs not only to the individual, but in a symbolic sense, to the State as well.
These fundamental tenets of Fascist economy derive in turn from those basic conceptions of the Fascist doctrine of the State which we have expounded in the chapter of the “Fascist State.” We have said there, in fact, that the Fascist State is a Sovereign State. This means that there cannot be any single economic interests which are above the general economic interests of the State, no individual, economic initiatives which do not fall under the supervision and regulation of the State, no relationships of the various classes of the nations which are not the concern of the State .... We see thus the Fascist State resolutely enter the economic field to dictate what shall be from now on the relationship between the capital and labor, employer and employees, landowner and farmhand, industrialist and worker."
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@devinclary-k2h "Ultranationalism: Emphasis on the supremacy of the nation or a particular ethnic group, often tied to the idea of national rebirth or rejuvenation."
Nationalism in general was also a core part of some socialist regimes, for example, see Stalinism, Pol Pot, Fidel Castro, North Korea etc. Also as already established before, Fascism wasn't about supremacy of the nation per se nor of an ethnic group nor of a race in general. Fascism was specifically about the supremacy of the State. They wanted to rejuvenate the tradition of the Roman Empire. Excerpt from "the Philosophy of Fascism" by Mario Palmieri;
"The historical continuity of political forms, social organization, religious expression and spiritual aspirations, in the life of the Italian people, which had lasted two thousand years and had been broken only in the last few centuries of servitude to foreigners and their foreign ways of living, has been at last restored by Fascism, which is the direct heir of Roman traditions and of Roman ideals. ... Fascism means, in fact, the return to Order, to Authority, to Law; the return to the Roman conception of human Society, conception which those centuries of oblivion could obscure but never efface. ... Fascism is, in other words, intimately connected to Roman; its mission is the continuation of the mission of Rome; its heritage is the legacy of Rome. ... There are some things Rome symbolized in the golden age of its glory which were and still are of supreme significance to mankind; things of the spirit of an eternal and absolute value which Fascism wants restored to their rightful supremacy."
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@devinclary-k2h "Economic Corporatism: Organization of the economy through corporatist structures where state-controlled organizations represent workers, employers, and other groups to suppress class conflict."
Now this is the first and only thing that was unique to Italian Fascism. Corporatism ("corporativismo" in Italian) however was their method of managing their socialist Command economy, and also one of the cornerstone principles in Mussolini's fascism, and had to do with the way society and the economy would be organized, with state power at the head of a system of nationalized syndicates ("corporazione") representing each major industry. Mussolini's corporatist view stressed total state power over businesses as much as over individuals, via these governing industry bodies controlled by the Fascist party, in which businesses retained the responsibilities of property, but few if any of the freedoms. Each profession and field had their own Syndicate, which in turn, operated symbiotically with its composed members), whose activities and interactions were managed and coordinated by the government. The idea was to let the state control and direct the economy from the top-down without itself owning the means of production.
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@devinclary-k2h "Anti-Communism and Anti-Liberalism: Hostility toward communism, socialism, and liberal ideologies."
As it has already been established before, Fascism wasn't hostile towards socialism, as it was a socialist ideology itself. Fascism was hostile towards Marxism/Communism specifically, because again, it came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Fascism was also indeed anti-(classical) Liberalism as it is the pinnacle of individualism, while Fascism was strictly a collectivist ideology.
“. . . The mistake of Marxism is that of believing that a nation is made of two classes only. A mistake even greater is that of believing that these two classes are in a perpetual state of war. There may be, it is true, contrast of interests, but it cannot be more than transitory; it can never be systematic. This systematic antithesis, which has furnished the basis for all socialistic theories is not a fact but an assumption. Its place has to be taken by collaboration.”
- Mussolini, speech on 20th of December, 1923.
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@devinclary-k2h "Ultranationalism and a focus on racial or cultural superiority."_
Nationalism in general was also a core part of some socialist regimes, for example, see Stalinism, Pol Pot, Fidel Castro, North Korea etc. Also as already established before, Fascism wasn't about supremacy of the nation per se nor of an ethnic group nor of a race in general. Fascism was specifically about the supremacy of the State. They wanted to rejuvenate the tradition of the Roman Empire. Excerpt from "the Philosophy of Fascism" by Mario Palmieri;
"The historical continuity of political forms, social organization, religious expression and spiritual aspirations, in the life of the Italian people, which had lasted two thousand years and had been broken only in the last few centuries of servitude to foreigners and their foreign ways of living, has been at last restored by Fascism, which is the direct heir of Roman traditions and of Roman ideals. ... Fascism means, in fact, the return to Order, to Authority, to Law; the return to the Roman conception of human Society, conception which those centuries of oblivion could obscure but never efface. ... Fascism is, in other words, intimately connected to Roman; its mission is the continuation of the mission of Rome; its heritage is the legacy of Rome. ... There are some things Rome symbolized in the golden age of its glory which were and still are of supreme significance to mankind; things of the spirit of an eternal and absolute value which Fascism wants restored to their rightful supremacy."
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@devinclary-k2h "Anti-Communism and Anti-Liberalism: Hostility toward communism, socialism, and liberal ideologies."
As it has already been established before, Fascism wasn't hostile towards socialism, as it was a socialist ideology itself. Fascism was hostile towards Marxism/Communism specifically, because again, it came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Fascism was also indeed anti-(classical) Liberalism as it is the pinnacle of individualism, while Fascism was strictly a collectivist ideology.
“. . . The mistake of Marxism is that of believing that a nation is made of two classes only. A mistake even greater is that of believing that these two classes are in a perpetual state of war. There may be, it is true, contrast of interests, but it cannot be more than transitory; it can never be systematic. This systematic antithesis, which has furnished the basis for all socialistic theories is not a fact but an assumption. Its place has to be taken by collaboration.”
- Mussolini, speech on 20th of December, 1923.
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@devinclary-k2h Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@devinclary-k2h "Retained private property and a market economy, subordinated to the needs of the state."
Wrong. Hitler abolished private property rights via Reichstag Fire decree on February 28, 1933. They also had a socialist Command economy where the NSDAP via DAF controlled the means of production, and also decided what was to be produced, in what quantity, by what methods, and to whom it was to be distributed, as well as what prices would be charged and what wages would be paid.
There was no market based economic system in Nazi Germany and by definition, Market economy cannot be subordinate to the needs of the State. That is not how a Market based economic system works i.e. the law of supply and demand is allowed to determine the goods and services that are produced and the prices that are charged for them. By contrast, in a planned economy, production and prices are controlled by the government through central planning. The government determines which products are needed, and the prices and quantities that must be supplied for the greater good.
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@devinclary-k2h "Private property remained nominally intact in Nazi Germany."
Wrong. Owning property was made conditional. For example in Hitler's table talks on September 3, 1942, he said that land was “national property, and in the end only given to the individual as a loan.” Hitler only recognized private ownership insofar as it was used according to the principle “common benefit ahead of private benefit,” which meant, that if it was necessary in the common interest, the state had the right at all times to decide the way, the extent to which, and when private ownership was used, and the common interest was, of course, defined by the state.
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@devinclary-k2h "GPT is actually consistent."
Already demonstrated that it most certainly isn't. Again, if GPT establishes that;
- "Left vs. Right is Primarily Economic"
- "Right-wing: Advocates for market-based systems, private ownership, and individual economic freedoms (e.g., capitalism, laissez-faire economics)."
Then by its own logic, both Nazism and Fascism cannot be on the Right side of the spectrum, as both ideologies strictly opposed market-based systems, private ownership, and individual economic freedoms. GPT also contradicts itself by claiming that "Right-wing ideologies can prioritize collectivist goals (e.g., nationalism in fascism)." , as they are in direct opposition to GPT's previously stated Right wing qualities such as individual economic freedoms which then are by definition, overridden by collectivist goals such as nationalism and the well being of the State, like in Fascism or the well being of the race, like in Nazism. In both ideologies, the common good was prioritized over individual economic freedoms.
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GPT premise: "Right-wing: Advocates for market-based systems, private ownership, and individual economic freedoms (e.g., capitalism, laissez-faire economics). ... Right prioritizes individual economic freedom (e.g., capitalism, neoliberalism)."
GPT contradicting statements, going against its premise:
- "Fascism demands loyalty to the nation or state above all, subordinating individual rights to collective goals."
- "...but it is distinct from authoritarian right-wing ideologies like fascism, which reject individualism in favor of nationalistic or hierarchical collectivism."
- "Right-wing collectivism: Focus on national or cultural identity (e.g., racial purity, traditionalism)."
- "Instead, property owners were required to align their activities with the goals of the Nazi state. Noncompliance could lead to confiscation, but this was not systematic abolition."
- "Nazi economic policy subordinated private property to state goals..."
- "(Nazism) Command economy elements existed: The state determined production priorities (e.g., armaments over consumer goods) ... Price and wage controls were implemented."
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@carldehez3117 : When it comes to Fascism, it allowed some private property ownership, not means of production. The owners of industries could “keep” their businesses, as long as they served the directives of the state. These business owners were supervised by public officials and paid high taxes. Statism was the key to everything, thanks to the nationalist and collectivist discourse, all the efforts of the citizens had to be in favor of the State.
In fact, in 1943, Benito Mussolini promoted the “socialization of the economy,” also known as fascist socialization to deepen anti-capitalism and in which Italy became known as the “Italian Social Republic.”
When it comes to German's national socialism, the same thing occurred. Adolf was adamant that all aspects of German life should be under NSDAP control. From the single party state to the German Labor Front to the NSDAP-approved leisure activities offered by "Strength through Joy", almost no part of German life remained untouched by NSDAP.
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@Individual_Lives_Matter : In fasci sm, corporatism meant trade unions, not business corporations like Microsoft. Fasc ism was an outgrowth of Sore llian Syndic alism, which itself was an outgrowth from Mar xist soc ialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose wasn't the promotion of private interest, but the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Muss olini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
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@z2z3z45 "I'm not sure where you're getting the idea that Fascism was socialist."
By definition, Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@Worldmisery " corporatism is capitalism, therefore fascism supports capitalism. "
Wrong. Corporatism had nothing to do with Capitalism whatsoever. It was a form of socialism, and specifically created to go against Capitalism, and Marxism. Corporatism ("corporativismo" in Italian) was one of the cornerstone principles in Mussolini's fascism, and had to do with the way society and the economy would be organized, with state power at the head of a system of nationalized syndicates ("corporazione") representing each major industry. Mussolini's corporatist view stressed total state power over businesses as much as over individuals, via these governing industry bodies controlled by the Fascist party, in which businesses retained the responsibilities of property, but few if any of the freedoms. Each profession and field had their own Syndicate, which in turn, operated symbiotically with its composed members, whose activities and interactions were managed and coordinated by the government. The idea was to let the state control and direct the economy from the top-down without itself owning the means of production.
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@Worldmisery "Fascism is a right wing ideology."
Wrong. Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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"(racism, "racial purity", misogyny, homophobia, anti-intellectualism, populism, militarism, exceptionalism, nationalism, opposition to democracy and human rights, etc),"
None of this have anything to do with Right wing nor with the political left/right spectrum in the first place.
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@KevinFeeley_KHF "and Mussolini "
So am I. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel (Sorelianism). It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@KevinFeeley_KHF "And as for the use of the term "socialism" in the names of these organizations was a choice made for marketing purposes."
When it comes to the name of the German National Socialists, the party was called as such, because they were advocating for socialism on a national level.
"The first three principles were clear, and they are inseparable from each other. Socialism as the final concept of duty, the ethical duty of work, not just for oneself but also for one’s fellow man’s sake, and above all the principle: Common good before own good, a struggle against all parasitism and especially against easy and unearned income. And we were aware that in this fight we can rely on no one but our own people. We are convinced that socialism in the right sense will only be possible in nations and races that are Aryan, and there in the first place we hope for our own people and are convinced that socialism is inseparable from nationalism. (Loud applause)
To be nationalist does not mean for us to belong to one party or another, but to show with every action that one benefits the people; it means love for all the people without exception.From this point of view we will realize that it is necessary to preserve the most precious thing a people has, the sum of all active creative powers of its workers, to keep it healthy in body and soul.(Cheers) And this view of nationalism compels us to immediately form a front against its opposite, the Semitic conception of the idea of people (Volk), and especially against the Semitic concept of work. Since we are socialists, we must necessarily also be antisemites because we want to fight against the very opposite: materialism and mammonism. (Lively bravo!)
And when today the Jew still runs into our factories and says: How can you be a socialist antisemite? Are not you ashamed? – there comes a time in which we will ask: How can you not be an antisemite, being a socialist! (Hear, hear) There comes a time when it will be obvious that socialism can only be carried out accompanied by nationalism and antisemitism. The three concepts are inseparably connected. They are the foundations of our program and therefore we call ourselves National Socialists. (Cheers)"
— "Why We Are Anti-Semites" (August 15, 1920 speech in Munich at the Hofbräuhaus).
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@HC-sb5ck "They were a Christian regime."
Wrong. Hitler was by no means a conventional Christian. He rejected such things as the deity, resurrection, and miracles of Jesus; the Christian ethic of love; the possibility of a personal relationship with God; and any appeal to revelation. Admittedly, he tried to “palm himself off as a Christian when it suited his political purposes”. Yet his public professions of Christian faith masked his warped, so-called “positive Christianity,” which predictably was a religion of struggle and violence. Hitler’s long-term goal was to abolish the Christian churches in Germany, but he opted for an incremental approach of control by increasing restrictions. In this, he was convinced that Christianity would “slowly fade away” as science rendered its teachings absurd.
Hitler was most likely a “scientific pantheist,” one who stressed the determinism of natural laws. There is considerable evidence that Hitler equated eternal nature with God, “ascribing a will and actions to nature that are normally reserved for a deity”. Since nature, for Hitler, was the source of moral law, it is not surprising that he viewed “nature as justification for his violent policies”.
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@@lucievelyn4866 :
"You cannot get rid of me because I am and always will be a socialist. You hate me because you still love me.”
— Benito Mussolini, As quoted by Mussolini after he was expelled from the Italian Socialist Party in 1914.
“Do not believe, even for a moment, that by stripping me of my membership card you do the same to my Socialist beliefs, nor that you would restrain me of continuing to work in favor of Socialism and of the Revolution.”
— Benito Mussolini, Speech at the Italian Socialist Party’s meeting in Milan at the People’s Theatre on Nov. 25, 1914.
“Our programs are definitely equal to our revolutionary ideas and they belong to what in democratic regime is called “left”; our institutions are a direct result of our programs and our ideal is the Labor State. In this case there can be no doubt: we are the working class in struggle for life and death, against capitalism. We are the revolutionaries in search of a new order. If this is so, to invoke help from the bourgeoisie by waving the red peril is an absurdity. The real scarecrow, the real danger, the threat against which we fight relentlessly, comes from the right. It is not at all in our interest to have the capitalist bourgeoisie as an ally against the threat of the red peril, even at best it would be an unfaithful ally, which is trying to make us serve its ends, as it has done more than once with some success. I will spare words as it is totally superfluous. In fact, it is harmful, because it makes us confuse the types of genuine revolutionaries of whatever hue, with the man of reaction who sometimes uses our very language.”
— Benito Mussolini, Speech on April 22, 1945 in Milan.
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The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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Wrong. Their issues have nothing to do with the embargo.
The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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@vwgames49 "believed enterprise should be kept in private hands whenever possible, "
Wrong. They didn't. Hitler strictly said that everything should be controlled by the government, which also decided what was to be produced, in what quantity, by what methods, and to whom it was to be distributed, as well as what prices would be charged and what wages would be paid. Nazis nationalized most if not all the German industry and later reorganized all industries into corporations run by members of the Nazi Party. They called their nationalization as "Gleichschaltung".
"To put it quite clearly: we have an economic programme. Point No. 13 in that programme demands the nationalisation of all public companies, in other words socialisation, or what is known here as socialism. … the basic principle of my Party’s economic programme should be made perfectly clear and that is the principle of authority… the good of the community takes priority over that of the individual. But the State should retain control; every owner should feel himself to be an agent of the State; it is his duty not to misuse his possessions to the detriment of the State or the interests of his fellow countrymen. That is the overriding point. The Third Reich will always retain the right to control property owners. If you say that the bourgeoisie is tearing its hair over the question of private property, that does not affect me in the least. Does the bourgeoisie expect some consideration from me?… Today’s bourgeoisie is rotten to the core; it has no ideals any more; all it wants to do is earn money and so it does me what damage it can. The bourgeois press does me damage too and would like to consign me and my movement to the devil.“
— Adolf Hitler, Hitler's interview with Richard Breiting, 1931, published in Edouard Calic, ed.,
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@frankbutterworth4257 : Mussolini certainly espoused their beliefs. It was the Italian Socialist party that disagreed with him since they didn't want to take part in the upcoming war.
Adolf didn't kill socialists in his party. If you are referring to the "night of the long knives", he purged the SA leaders since they were plotting a military coup against Adolf, at least according to Adolf's generals.
As I have said before, there was a struggle between different left-wing ideologies, an internationalist and a nationalist one. The Italian PSI were against joining the war, Mussolini wasn't. That's why there was a split and the fascists were formed essentially. You don't seem to understand that there are different socialist ideologies.
Fascism was a form of socialism according to the founders of the ideology.
"Our programs are definitely equal to our revolutionary ideas and they belong to what in democratic regime is called “left”; our institutions are a direct result of our programs and our ideal is the Labor State. In this case there can be no doubt: we are the working class in struggle for life and death, against capitalism. We are the revolutionaries in search of a new order. If this is so, to invoke help from the bourgeoisie by waving the red peril is an absurdity. The real scarecrow, the real danger, the threat against which we fight relentlessly, comes from the right. It is not at all in our interest to have the capitalist bourgeoisie as an ally against the threat of the red peril, even at best it would be an unfaithful ally, which is trying to make us serve its ends, as it has done more than once with some success. I will spare words as it is totally superfluous. In fact, it is harmful, because it makes us confuse the types of genuine revolutionaries of whatever hue, with the man of reaction who sometimes uses our very language.”
- Mussolini
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Wrong. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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"It’s the sanctions and the decades-long embargo that’s destroying the economy."
Wrong. It is their socialist government. Period.
The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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@Keelew012 Wrong. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel (Sorelianism). It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@ohsoveryordinary : Wiki is wrong and has never been a credible source of information. By definition, Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel (Sorelianism). It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@miguelvelez7221 "No. It's an opinion. "
Wrong. It is a fact. The ideology of Fascism was strictly pure Statism and anti-capitalistic, which they themselves point out in their "Doctrine of Fascism".
"Fascism is definitely and absolutely opposed to the doctrines of (classical) liberalism, both in the political and the economic sphere."
"The Fascist State lays claim to rule in the economic field no less than in others; it makes its action felt throughout the length and breadth of the country by means of its corporative, social, and educational institutions, and all the political, economic, and spiritual forces of the nation, organized in their respective associations, circulate within the State."
"The keystone of the Fascist doctrine is its conception of the State, of its essence, its functions, and its aims. For Fascism the State is absolute, individuals and groups relative. Individuals and groups are admissible in so far as they come within the State."
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@TenebrisNatus "The core of fascist ideology is anti socialism, "
Wrong. Fascism was never anti-socialist. They were specifically anti-Marxist. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@joca6282 "Fascis m does not have any SOC IALISM one bit."
Wrong. They had a centralized government, centralized and planned economy, government controlling the means of production and also deciding what was to be produced, in what quantity, by what methods, and to whom it was to be distributed, as well as what prices would be charged and what wages would be paid. Fasc ism opposed capitalism, but also international soci alism, hence the concept of a “third way,” their centralized economic policies obeyed collectivist and soci alist principles, openly opposing capitalism and the free market, favoring nationalism and autarchy.
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@joca6282 "FAS CISTS ARE NOT SOCIA LISTS."
Wrong. Fasci sm was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndic alism, which itself was an outgrowth from Mar xist soc ialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose wasn't the promotion of private interest, but the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
Ideologically, where the Fasc ists diverged from the Mar xists was in their rejection of the narrative of class warfare, which they saw as utterly repudiated by the behavior of "the proletariat" during World War I, where rather than join together in a mutual overthrow of capitalism, the working class of each country stayed in lockstep with national loyalties and slaughtered their supposed foreign class brethren. Both the Fasc ists and Marx ists despised Libera lism, and saw it as having a perverse role in atomizing the individual from society. Mussolini's favored intellectual, Giovanni Gentile, freely acknowledged Fasci sm' kinship with Mar xism through Sorellian Syndicalism.
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@lalalalallalala "from Hi tler on down, stru ggled with the pol tical implications of having sociali sm in the pa rty name. "
They didn't struggle at all. If anything, Hit ler would have wan ted the pa rty name to be even more social ist, i.e. "Soc ial Revol uti onary Party".
"At the founding of this Movement we formed the decision that we would give expression to this idea of ours of the identity of the two conceptions: despite all warnings, on the basis of what we had come to believe, on the basis of the sinc erity of our will, we chri stened it "Nati onal Soci alist.' We said to ourselves that to be 'na tional' means above everything to act with a bo undless and all-embr acing love for the people and, if necessary, even to die for it. And similarly to be 'soc ial' means so to build up the state and the community of the people that every individual acts in the interest of the com munity of the people and must be to such an extent convin ced of the goodness, of the honorable straightforwardness of this com munity of the people as to be ready to die for it.“
— Ad olf Hi tler , Munich - Spe ech of April 12, 1922
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Wrong definition (Wiki is not a credible source) as Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@maxfan1591 Wrong. They were far-left socialists.
The fact that the capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alternative of Marxism or Nazism, chose the latter, does not require any further expla nation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marxists. Capitalists don't like to be killed any more than other people do.
Nazis believed, just like the Fascists, that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society.
They were politically, socially and econo mically anti-cons ervative, since they didn't want to preserve the status quo nor did they want to bring back Monarchy / Kaiser. The conservatives thought Hitler would end the Republic and bring back Mon archy and Kaiser. They were wro ng.
Hitler's point was that Marxism must be rejected NOT because it is soci alist, but because it is in cahoots with international finan ce cap ital. In fact, Hitler thought the Marxists were INSINCERE about their socialism. This being-in-cahoots of capitalism and Marxism (through the Je ws) is the MAIN point made in Mein Kampf. And is the reason why, for the Nazis, socialism had to become nationalist. That socialism had to become nationalist, did not, however, mean that it went right-wing.
Owning prop erty was made conditi onal and private property rights were abolished with the Reich stag fire decree on February 28, 1933. The Na zis suspended a number of articles of the Weimar Constitution; Among these were Article 115 and Article 153. Article 115 said: "The dw elling of every German is his sanctuary and is inviolable. Exceptions may be imposed by authority of law." Article 153 also guaranteed property. Obviously, they did not confiscate everyone's property, however all pro perty always could be confiscated by the state and a certain amount was. Industry was divided into 13 sectors and placed under the control of the state.
They nationalized unions into one single nation wide union known as the Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF, or German La bor Front). The DAF created a single overarching labor union. Essentially all German workers and employees in every economic sector belonged to the DAF. For example, far mers were coordinated into the Reich Food Estate. While traditional unions prioritized workers’ rights, the DAF emphasized national economic goals above personal well-being.
Under the newly created German Labor Front (DAF), the Na zis set high wages, overtime pay was generous, and dismissal of workers by employers was difficult to execute, but inflation and stricter labor laws eroded much of that advantage.
It was a well known fact before and during the war, that Hi tler's National Soci alist party was an alter native, socialist school of thought which rejected the marxist version of socialism, and capitalism respectively... hence they called themselves a 3rd position.
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@Carewolf "If you open a history book or wikipedia on the Night of the Long Knives you will see it was a conflict between Hitler and Strasser, over how to implement "socialism" ... so he eliminated people calling for it in the party, and thus limiting socialism in the party to just mean right-wing authoritarianism,"
Wrong. It wasn't, and it had very little to do with Strasser in the first place and absolutely nothing to do with socialism. It was strictly about the internal power struggle between Hitler and Röhm. The German army (Reichswehr) generals were afraid that the SA would overtake the Army, hence they told Hitler that if the “revolutionary elements” of the Nazi regime were not brought under control, the army leaders threatened to overthrow the Hitler government and place the country under martial law.
The murder of the SA leadership had several important long-term consequences. First and foremost, it cemented an alliance between Hitler and the German army leadership. In return for Hitler purging the SA and prioritizing the needs of the professional army, military leaders supported Hitler in August 1934 when he took the last key step toward full dictatorial control.
Now regarding Strasser, what made him and Hitler have a falling out was, as written in the text by Strasser titled "The socialists leave the NSDAP", that he did not approve of Hitlers imperial "Lebensraum" policies and considered National Socialism to be a non-expansionist movement. Also Strasser had sought in the winter of 1932 to reach an electoral agreement with then Chancellor von Schleicher that would have barred Hitler from rising to power.
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@Carewolf "Hitler didn't want to do any socialists reforms ever, "
Wrong. He did, even before they even got into power. Also literally most of the programs listed in their NSDAP manifesto, are about socialist reforms.
"To put it quite clearly: we have an economic programme. Point No. 13 in that programme demands the nationalisation of all public companies, in other words socialisation, or what is known here as socialism. … the basic principle of my Party’s economic programme should be made perfectly clear and that is the principle of authority… the good of the community takes priority over that of the individual. But the State should retain control; every owner should feel himself to be an agent of the State; it is his duty not to misuse his possessions to the detriment of the State or the interests of his fellow countrymen. That is the overriding point. The Third Reich will always retain the right to control property owners. If you say that the bourgeoisie is tearing its hair over the question of private property, that does not affect me in the least. Does the bourgeoisie expect some consideration from me?… Today’s bourgeoisie is rotten to the core; it has no ideals any more; all it wants to do is earn money and so it does me what damage it can. The bourgeois press does me damage too and would like to consign me and my movement to the devil.“
— Adolf Hitler, Hitler's interview with Richard Breiting, 1931, published in Edouard Calic, ed.
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@z2z3z45 "No , fascism is a type of far-right ultranationalism ,"
Wrong. While it certainly was based on nationalism, it had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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" If that was the case, what was the need to ideologically differentiate between the two in the first place?"
I Am no Metatron, however I can still answer to some of these. Fascism was of the opinion, that Marxism was doing socialism wrong. That the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society.
“Class war, cannot be more than a transitory episode of the life of a people. It cannot be a daily phenomenon, because it would mean in the end the destruction of all wealth.. . . The mistake of Marxism is that of believing that a nation is made of two classes only. A mistake even greater is that of believing that these two classes are in a perpetual state of war. There may be, it is true, contrast of interests, but it cannot be more than transitory; it can never be systematic. This systematic antithesis, which has furnished the basis for all socialistic theories is not a fact but an assumption. Its place has to be taken by collaboration.”
- Mussolini, speech on 20th of December, 1923
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@maxfan1591 Wrong. They were far-left socialists.
The fact that the capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alternative of Marxism or Nazism, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marxists. Capitalists don't like to be killed any more than other people do.
Nazis believed, just like the Fascists, that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society.
They were politically, socially and econo mically anti-cons ervative, since they didn't want to preserve the status quo nor did they want to bring back Monarchy / Kaiser. The conservatives thought Hitler would end the Republic and bring back Mon archy and Kaiser. They were wrong.
Hitler's point was that Marxism must be rejected NOT because it is soci alist, but because it is in cahoots with international finance capital. In fact, Hitler thought the Marxists were INSINCERE about their socialism. This being-in-cahoots of capitalism and Marxism (through the Je ws) is the MAIN point made in Mein Kampf. And is the reason why, for the Nazis, socialism had to become nationalist. That socialism had to become nationalist, did not, however, mean that it went right-wing.
Owning prop erty was made conditi onal and private pr operty rights were aboli shed with the Reich stag fire decree on February 28, 1933. The Na zis suspended a number of articles of the Weimar Constitution; Among these were Article 115 and Article 153. Article 115 said: "The dw elling of every Ger man is his sanctuary and is inviolable. Exceptions may be imposed by authority of law." Article 153 also guaranteed property. Obviously, they did not confiscate everyone's property, however all pro perty always could be confiscated by the state and a certain amount was. Industry was divided into 13 sectors and placed under the control of the state.
They nationalized unions into one single nation wide union known as the Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF, or German La bor Front). The DAF created a single overarching labor union. Essentially all German workers and employees in every economic sector belonged to the DAF. For example, far mers were coordinated into the Reich Food Estate. While traditional unions prioritized workers’ rights, the DAF emphasized national economic goals above personal well-being.
Under the newly created German Labor Front (DAF), the Na zis set high wages, overtime pay was generous, and dismissal of workers by employers was difficult to execute, but inflation and stricter labor laws eroded much of that advantage.
It was a well known fact before and during the war, that Hi tler's National Soci alist party was an alter native, socialist school of thought which rejected the marxist version of socialism, and capitalism respectively... hence they called themselves a 3rd position.
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Fascism doesn't lack definition. Here it is; a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@JohnT.4321 "Please enlighten me"
Fasc ism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose wasn't the promotion of private interest, but the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
Ideologically, where the Fasc ists diverged from the Marxi sts was in their rejection of the narrative of class warfare, which they saw as utterly repudiated by the behavior of "the proletariat" during World War I, where rather than join together in a mutual overthrow of capitalism, the working class of each country stayed in lockstep with national loyalties and slaughtered their supposed foreign class brethren. Both the Fascists and Marxists despised Liberalism, and saw it as having a perverse role in atomizing the individual from society. Mussolini's favored intellectual, Giovanni Gentile, freely acknowledged Fascism' kinship with Marxism through Sorellian Syndicalism.
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@jamesmorrow1646 "Hitl er privatised publicly owned banks and shipping companies"
Wrong. Hitl er privatized nothing. Privatization was never a thing in Na zi Germany. On the contrary, they nationalized most of the German industry and later reorganized all industries into corporations run by members of the Na zi Party. They called this "Gleichschaltung", which translates into synchronization.
"To put it quite clearly: we have an economic programme. Point No. 13 in that programme demands the nationalisation of all public companies, in other words socia lisation, or what is known here as socia lism. … the basic principle of my Party’s economic programme should be made perfectly clear and that is the principle of authority… the good of the community takes priority over that of the individual. But the State should retain control; every owner should feel himself to be an agent of the State; it is his duty not to misuse his possessions to the detriment of the State or the interests of his fellow countrymen. That is the overriding point. The Third Reich will always retain the right to control property owners. If you say that the bourgeoisie is tearing its hair over the question of private property, that does not affect me in the least. Does the bourgeoisie expect some consideration from me?… Today’s bourgeoisie is rotten to the core; it has no ideals any more; all it wants to do is earn money and so it does me what damage it can. The bourgeois press does me damage too and would like to consign me and my movement to the devil.“
— Adolf Hit ler, Hit ler's interview with Richard Breiting, 1931, published in Edouard Calic, ed.,
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@carlos_herrera "as well as the majority of capitalist industrialists, "
The fact that the capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alternative of Mar xism or Na zism, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hit ler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Mar xists. Capi talists don't like to be killed any more than other people do.
Nazis weren't on their side though, which was even mentioned in the Time's magazine back in the day.
"Most cruel joke of all, however, has been played by Hitler & Co. on those German capitalists and small businessmen who once backed National Soci alism as a means of saving Germany's bourgeois economic structure from radicalism. The Na zi credo that the individual belongs to the state also applies to business. Some businesses have been confiscated outright, on others what amounts to a capital tax has been levied. Profits have been strictly controlled. Some idea of the increasing Governmental control and interference in business could be deduced from the fact that 80% of all building and 50% of all industrial orders in Germany originated last year with the Government. Hard-pressed for foodstuffs as well as funds, the Nazi regime has taken over large estates and in many instances collectivized agriculture, a procedure fundamentally similar to Russian Comm unism."
"Adolf Hi tler: Man of the Year, 1938", Time; January 2, 1939.
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@Jacques Gauthier : "There was no Idealized past for so ciali sts."
So ciali sm is an econ omic mo del, not an ide ology.
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@Jacques Gauthier : "It's also why fasc ists engage in book burnings and ban books because they don't want anything around that contradict their narrative."
Fasc ists didn't burn books. You are confusing f asci sm and na zis m but they are 2 different ideologies. Also fa sci sts were proud of their ideology and which is why they wrote 2 different manifestos which explained their ideology and its purpose.
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@Jacques Gauthier : "People trying to ban books in the U.S right now are on the f ar rig ht."
Incorrect. Fa r-rig ht does not advocate for ce nsors hip.
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@Jacques Gauthier : "Some of the first people imprisoned by the Nzi regi me were so ciali sts and com muni sts. Why would he do that if they were on his side ?"
He imprisoned ma rxis ts, not soc ial ist. And here is why according to Hitl er himself:
"Socialism is the science of dealing with the common weal. Communism is not Socialism. Marxism is not Socialism. The Marxians have stolen the term and confused its meaning. I shall take Socialism away from the Socialists. Socialism is an ancient Aryan, Germanic institution. Our German ancestors held certain lands in common. They cultivated the idea of the common weal. Marxism has no right to disguise itself as socialism. Socialism, unlike Marxism, does not repudiate private property. Unlike Marxism, it involves no negation of personality, and unlike Marxism, it is patriotic ... "Bolshevism, is our greatest menace. Kill Bolshevism in Germany and you restore 70 million people to power. France owes her strength not to her armies but to the forces of Bolshevism and dissension in our midst."_
- 1923 interview with Viereck, edited and reprinted in Liberty
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@NavajoNationsConfederate "buddy it is actually a right wing according to historians and political scientists "
Wrong. It is not. Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind. It was objectively, a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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"Fascism is far-right, socialism is left-wing or far-left."
Wrong. Socialism is not an ideology, however it is used by Left wing ideologies like Fascism, which was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@Communism_Inc._official "The fascists disbanded independent unions and worker’s organisations,"
They nationalized those unions and transformed them into state run syndicates/guilds. Speaking of unions, Mussolini was simply imitating Lenin, who had earlier closed down all independent labor associations, factory committees and worker cooperatives, banned strikes, walkouts, and lockouts. Lenin even forced workers to work a slavish 80-hour week. After the Bolsheviks banned all labor unions, one unionist “described the unions as ‘living corpses.’” Any Russian worker who participated in general strikes was arrested, imprisoned or shot. Under Lenin’s regime, workers had no real representation or bargaining rights and were treated like industrial serfs who were chained to their factories. Although Mussolini followed Lenin’s nationalizing craze, his treatment of workers did not mimic their Russian counterparts.
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@26:55 , the road which Joseph Stiglitz is paving with his Keynesian economics, is certainly leading closer to Fascism. After all, Fascism was all about the centralization State power and economy, trying to find unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State. Fascism was all about the big "daddy" government watching over you and regulating as much as possible in the name of the well being of the Nation. Meanwhile Neoliberalism, which Stiglitz seems to be afraid, was and is the complete opposite of Fascism... which was a socialist 3rd position ideology after all.
"Fascism, which is the very antithesis of Individualism, stands as the nemesis of all economic doctrines and all economic practice of both the capitalistic and the communistic systems. Fascism holds that:
01. The economic life of man cannot be abstracted and separated from the whole of his spiritual life. In the words of Mussolini: “The economic man does not exist. Man is integral; he is political, economic, religious, saint and warrior at the same time.”
02. The economic life of man is influenced, if not actually determined, by idealistic factors.
03. True economic progress can derive only from the concerted effort of individuals who know how to sacrifice their personal egoism and ambitions for the good of the whole.
04. Economic initiatives cannot be left to the arbitrary decisions of private, individual interests.
05. Open competition, if not wisely directed and restricted, actually destroys wealth instead of creating it.
06. The wealth of a community is something intangible which cannot be identified with the sum of riches of single individuals.
07. The proper function of the State in the Fascist system is that of supervising, regulating and arbitrating the relationships of capital and labor, employers and employees, individuals and associations, private interests and national interests.
08. Class war is avoidable and must be avoided. Class war is deleterious to the orderly and fruitful life of the nation therefore it has no place in the Fascist State.
09. More important than the production of wealth is its right distribution, distribution which must benefit in the best possible way all the classes of the nation, hence, the nation itself.
10. Private wealth belongs not only to the individual, but in a symbolic sense, to the State as well.
These fundamental tenets of Fascist economy derive in turn from those basic conceptions of the Fascist doctrine of the State which we have expounded in the chapter of the “Fascist State.” We have said there, in fact, that the Fascist State is a Sovereign State. This means that there cannot be any single economic interests which are above the general economic interests of the State, no individual, economic initiatives which do not fall under the supervision and regulation of the State, no relationships of the various classes of the nations which are not the concern of the State.
We see thus the Fascist State resolutely enter the economic field to dictate what shall be from now on the relationship between the capital and labor, employer and employees, landowner and farmhand, industrialist and worker."
— The Philsophy of Fascism, Mario Palmieri, 1936
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@ShogunLazo "why would the Germans even take you in when socialist and communists were seen lower then Jews"
Not sure what the German National Socialists have to do with this, but they had no problems with socialism either. It was Marxism they despised.
"It is not Germany that will turn Bolshevist but Bolshevism that will become a sort of National Socialism. Besides, there is more that binds us to Bolshevism than separates us from it. There is, above all, genuine revolutionary feeling, which is alive everywhere in Russia except where are Jewish Marxists. I have always made allowance for this circumstance, and given orders that former Communists are to be admitted to the party at once. The petit bourgeois Social-Democrat and the trade-union boss will never make a National Socialist, but the Communist always will. ... Our spirit is so strong, and the power of our magnificent movement to transform souls so elemental, that men are remodeled against their will. ... A social revolution would lend me new, unsuspected powers. I do not fear permeation with revolutionary Communist propaganda."
— Attributed by Hermann Rauschning in Hitler Speaks (1940) also known as The Voice of Destruction
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@maxschreck4095 "However, after the Nazis took power, industries were privatized en masse.""
Wrong. Nothing was privatized. It was never a thing. On the contrary, Nazis nationalized most if not all the German industry and later reorganized all industries into corporations run by members of the Nazi Party. They called this nationalization as "Gleichschaltung", a system of totalitarian control and coordination over all aspects of German society and societies occupied by Nazi Germany from the economy and trade associations to the media, culture and education.
"To put it quite clearly: we have an economic programme. Point No. 13 in that programme demands the nationalisation of all public companies, in other words socialisation, or what is known here as socialism. … the basic principle of my Party’s economic programme should be made perfectly clear and that is the principle of authority… the good of the community takes priority over that of the individual. But the State should retain control; every owner should feel himself to be an agent of the State; it is his duty not to misuse his possessions to the detriment of the State or the interests of his fellow countrymen. That is the overriding point. The Third Reich will always retain the right to control property owners. If you say that the bourgeoisie is tearing its hair over the question of private property, that does not affect me in the least. Does the bourgeoisie expect some consideration from me?… Today’s bourgeoisie is rotten to the core; it has no ideals any more; all it wants to do is earn money and so it does me what damage it can. The bourgeois press does me damage too and would like to consign me and my movement to the devil.“
— Adolf Hitler, Hitler's interview with Richard Breiting, 1931, published in Edouard Calic, ed.
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@maxfan1591 Wrong. They were far-left socialists.
The fact that the capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alternative of Marxism or Nazism, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marxists. Capitalists don't like to be killed any more than other people do.
Nazis believed, just like the Fascists, that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society.
They were politically, socially and econo mically anti-cons ervative, since they didn't want to preserve the status quo nor did they want to bring back Monarchy / Kaiser. The conservatives thought Hitler would end the Republic and bring back Mon archy and Kaiser. They were wrong.
Hitler's point was that Marxism must be rejected NOT because it is soci alist, but because it is in cahoots with international finance capital. In fact, Hi tler tho ught the Marxists were INSINCERE about their socialism. This being-in-cahoots of capitalism and Marxism (through the Je ws) is the MAIN point made in Mein Kampf. And is the reason why, for the Nazis, socialism had to become nationalist. That socialism had to become nationalist, did not, however, mean that it went right-wing.
Owning prop erty was made conditi onal and private property rights were aboli shed with the Reich stag fire decree on February 28, 1933. The Na zis suspended a number of articles of the Weimar Constitution; Among these were Article 115 and Article 153. Article 115 said: "The dw elling of every German is his sanctuary and is inviolable. Exceptions may be imposed by authority of law." Article 153 also guaranteed property. Obviously, they did not confiscate everyone's property, however all pro perty always could be confiscated by the state and a certain amount was. Industry was divided into 13 sectors and placed under the control of the state.
They nationalized unions into one single nation wide union known as the Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF, or German La bor Front). The DAF created a single overarching labor union. Essentially all German workers and employees in every econ omic sector belonged to the DAF. For example, far mers were coordinated into the Reich Food Estate. While traditional unions prioritized workers’ rights, the DAF emphasized national economic goals above personal well-being.
Under the newly created German Labor Front (DAF), the Na zis set high wages, overtime pay was generous, and dismissal of workers by employers was difficult to execute, but inflation and stricter labor laws eroded much of that advantage.
It was a well known fact before and during the war, that Hi tler's National Soci alist party was an alter native, socialist school of thought which rejected the marxist version of socialism, and capitalism respectively... hence they called themselves a 3rd position.
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@waulie_palnuts
"Once in power, they were very economically right wing"
Wrong. They were economically far-left, since they were a textbook example of socialism. You cannot be an advocate for centralized planning and strong government controls without being a socialist.
/ / / / / /
"strikes were banned, collective bargaining abolished, trade unions disbanded, "
Exactly what both Lenin and Stalin did. In fact, Hitler was simply imitating Lenin who had earlier closed down all independent labor associations, factory committees and worker cooperatives, banned strikes, walkouts, and lockouts. Lenin even forced workers to work a slavish 80-hour week."_
/ / / / / /
"wages were kept low, "
No. Not really. Under the newly created German Labor Front (DAF), the Nazis set high wages, overtime pay was generous, and dismissal of workers by employers was difficult to execute, but inflation and stricter labor laws eroded much of that advantage."_
/ / / / / /
"industry after industry was privatised, "
Wrong. There was no privatization of any kind in Nazi Germany. It was never a thing. On the contrary, they nationalized most if not all the German industry and later reorganized all industries into corporations run by members of the Nazi Party. They called this nationalization as "Gleichschaltung". This was even noted by the Time -magazine.
"Most cruel joke of all, however, has been played by Hitler & Co. on those German capitalists and small businessmen who once backed National Socialism as a means of saving Germany's bourgeois economic structure from radicalism. The Nazi credo that the individual belongs to the state also applies to business. Some businesses have been confiscated outright, on others what amounts to a capital tax has been levied. Profits have been strictly controlled. Some idea of the increasing Governmental control and interference in business could be deduced from the fact that 80% of all building and 50% of all industrial orders in Germany originated last year with the Government. Hard-pressed for foodstuffs as well as funds, the Nazi regime has taken over large estates and in many instances collectivized agriculture, a procedure fundamentally similar to Russian Communism."
"Adolf Hitler: Man of the Year, 1938", Time; January 2, 1939.
/ / / / / /
" they venerated entrepreneurialism, "
Wrong. Any kind of entrepreneurship was strictly controlled and regulated by the government, which also decided what was to be produced, in what quantity, by what methods, and to whom it was to be distributed, as well as what prices would be charged and what wages would be paid.
/ / / / / /
"Calling them socialists is absurd "
Wrong. It's a historical fact, hun. They may have been to the right from the Bolsheviks, but they were still socialists as they believed in strong central government control. Hitler outright declared himself a socialist in Mein Kampf, just not the Marxist international or full Soviet type. He struggled with HOW to distinguish his socialism from the rest of the Marxist crowd.
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"You will not see much in the market because the USA will not let much get transported into the country."
You don't need to transport fish or a licenses to butcher your own cows for meat from the USA, hun, but they are prohibited by the socialist government.
The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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@michellereed3272 " In The Doctrine of Fascism, he explained, "Fascism was not the nursling of a doctrine previously drafted at a desk; it was born of the need of action, and was action; it was not a party but, in the first two years, an anti-party and a movement. The name I gave the organization fixed its character."
Mussolini was one of the first to comingle the phrase fascism with syndicalism, remarking in the early 1920s that “Fascist syndicalism is national and productivistic… in a national society in which labor becomes a joy, an object of pride and a title to nobility.” Most Italian syndicalists viewed social revolution as a means for rapid transformation to provide “superior productivity,” and if this economic abundance failed to occur, there could be no meaningful social change.The emphasis by syndicalists towards the importance of “producerism” had been originally initiated by Sorel in 1907, who argued that “Marx considers that a revolution by a proletariat of producers who [have] acquired economic capacity.” When Carlo Cafiero developed a compendium for the initial volume of Capital in Italian, Marx reminded his colleague that “material conditions necessary for the emancipation of the proletariat” must be “spontaneously generated by the development of capitalism (den Gang der kapitalistischen Produktion).”
The support for the theory of producerism expanded among Fascist syndicalists after the conclusion of the Russian Civil War and transition from war communism showed high unemployment and an environment where “most of the mills and factories were at a standstill; mines and collieries were wrecked and flooded.”
After the introduction of the New Economic Policy (NEP), Italian syndicalists continued to move further away from orthodox Marxism, determined to revise it to fit the changing times and to embolden its strategic goals. They argued that the Russian Bolsheviks had failed to adhere to Engels’ 1850 admonition about the dangers of trying to establish a social revolution within an economically backwards environment. This drift had emerged years before the economic malaise of Soviet Russia, prompting most Italian syndicalists to transcend the errors and drawbacks that “they believed they found in orthodox Marxism.” Developed to bring about worker control of the means of production by direct action, the intellectuals of syndicalism came to the realization that Italy's primitive economy could facilitate neither equality nor abundance for society. Without a mature industry developed by the bourgeois, they came to understand that a successful social revolution required the support of “classless” revolutionaries. Mussolini, along with Italian syndicalists, Nationalists and Futurists, contended that those revolutionaries would be Fascists, not Marxists or some other ideology.According to Mussolini and other syndicalist theoreticians, Fascism would be “the socialism of ‘proletarian nations.’”
Fascist syndicalists also became preoccupied with the idea of increasing production instead of simply establishing a redistributive economic structure. Sergio Panunzio, a major theoretician of Italian Fascism and syndicalism, believed that Syndicalists were producerists, rather than distributionists. In his criticism of the Bolsheviks’ handling of their economy, Panunzio also asserted that Russian Soviet state had become a “dictatorship over the proletariat, and not of the proletariat.”
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@michellereed3272 "From the beginning, Mussolini understood Fascism to be on the right side of political spectrum. "
Wrong. He did not. Fascism would be on the right side of Marxism, not on the right side of the spectrum. Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
Ideologically, where the Fascists diverged from the Marxists was in their rejection of the narrative of class warfare, which they saw as utterly repudiated by the behavior of "the proletariat" during World War I, where rather than join together in a mutual overthrow of capitalism, the working class of each country stayed in lockstep with national loyalties and slaughtered their supposed foreign class brethren. Both the Fascists and Marxists despised Liberalism, and saw it as having a perverse role in atomizing the individual from society. Mussolini's favored intellectual, Giovanni Gentile, freely acknowledged Fascism' kinship with Marxism through Sorellian Syndicalism.
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@michellereed3272 "Fascism was never a far-left ideology. "
Wrong. It was. Based on National Syndicalism and using socialism as the basis for their economy, makes it a far-left ideology, adjacent to Marxism (on the right side). Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
“Our programs are definitely equal to our revolutionary ideas and they belong to what in democratic regime is called “left”; our institutions are a direct result of our programs and our ideal is the Labor State. In this case there can be no doubt: we are the working class in struggle for life and death, against capitalism. We are the revolutionaries in search of a new order. If this is so, to invoke help from the bourgeoisie by waving the red peril is an absurdity. The real scarecrow, the real danger, the threat against which we fight relentlessly, comes from the right. It is not at all in our interest to have the capitalist bourgeoisie as an ally against the threat of the red peril, even at best it would be an unfaithful ally, which is trying to make us serve its ends, as it has done more than once with some success. I will spare words as it is totally superfluous. In fact, it is harmful, because it makes us confuse the types of genuine revolutionaries of whatever hue, with the man of reaction who sometimes uses our very language.”
— Benito Mussolini , Speech On April 22, 1945 in Milan
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@ATreeofNight : No, you don't know what it is. The historical definition of Fascism is as follows; a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@ka2rwp "also look up the definition of fa scism it says it's an fa r rig ht w ing is tota litarian,authoritarian government."
Wrong. Fasci sm was also a totali tarian far-left, soc ialist ideology but based on nat ional syndical ism instead. Nothing to do with right wing of any kind whatsoever. It was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marx ist socia lism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose wasn't the promotion of private interest, but the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
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The problem is socialism, not the embargo.
The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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"Socialists are very specific about NOT WANTING TO TAKE PERSONAL PROPERTY. "
So are you suggesting that socialists would be just fine with me, renting a house for someone, and being a landlord? ... after all, a house is a personal property, right? or how about me becoming an Uber? after all, a car is a personal property, right? Oh, and if you are Amurican, you could take a quick trip to Cuba and ask how people feel about not being able to butcher their own "personal" Cows for meat. You see while you silly champagne soc ialists in your 1st world countries can make up funny distinctions, in a real socialist country, there are none, hun.
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@Wolf-bz6kq "concept of private property exist since dawn of civilization so liberalism has nothing to do with it. And I don't know what liberalism is?"
Technically private property is a recent thing, since many people lived under Feudalism and Kings, at least in Europe where private property wasn't exactly a thing (serfdom). It was the father of Liberalism, John Locke, who argue that private property exists outside of society (in the state of nature) and is an inalienable right of every man. Locke included life, liberty, and estate (i.e. external goods) in his generic conception of property, so when he argued that the primary purpose of governments is to protect property rights, he was not merely referring to material objects. Rather, he meant that a governments should protect those fundamental rights (including the right to enjoy the fruits of our labor) that are essential to self-preservation and happiness.
If you want to know more about what Liberalism was actually like, I would suggest checking out "the Two Treatises of Government" by John Locke, or "Liberalismus / Liberalism" by Ludwig Von Mises.
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@asway-fx4pf ""We are free to believe this will be a century of authority , a century tending to the right-wing , a fascist century"-Mussolini/Gentile"
Wrong. That is not what it says. There is no mention of right wing of any kind. The fascists wanted to move to the right from marxism, not into the right side of the spectrum.
The correct quote is: " From beneath the ruins of liberal, socialist, and democratic doctrines, Fascism extracts those elements which are still vital. It preserves what may be described as "the acquired facts" of history; it rejects all else. That is to say, it rejects the idea of a doctrine suited to all times and to all people. Granted that the XIXth century was the century of socialism, liberalism, democracy, this does not mean that the XXth century must also be the century of socialism, liberalism, democracy. Political doctrines pass; nations remain. We are free to believe that this is the century of authority, a century tending to the " right ", a Fascist century. If the XIXth century was the century of the individual (liberalism implies individualism) we are free to believe that this is the "collective" century, and therefore the century of the State. It is quite logical for a new doctrine to make use of the still vital elements of other doctrines. No doctrine was ever born quite new and bright and unheard of. No doctrine can boast absolute originality. "
Both founders of the ideology; Giovanni Gentile and Mussolini explicitly state that fasc ism was a soci alist ideology based on national syndicalism, which was an adaptation from national syndicalism. In all Right wing ideologies, the Individual is superior to the State. In Socialist ideologies the collective (such as the State) is superior to the individual.
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@moldychez5429 "Fascism is a distinctly right-wing phenomenon."
Wrong. Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind. It was a Leftist phenomenon and it has nothing to do with modern American politics.
Fascism a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@maxfan1591 "Big business supported the Nazis. "
They didn't really. Also the fact that some capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alternative of Marxism or Nazism, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marxists. Capitalists don't like to be killed any more than other people do.
"Most cruel joke of all, however, has been played by Hitler & Co. on those German capitalists and small businessmen who once backed National Socialism as a means of saving Germany's bourgeois economic structure from radicalism. The Nazi credo that the individual belongs to the state also applies to business. Some businesses have been confiscated outright, on others what amounts to a capital tax has been levied. Profits have been strictly controlled. Some idea of the increasing Governmental control and interference in business could be deduced from the fact that 80% of all building and 50% of all industrial orders in Germany originated last year with the Government. Hard-pressed for foodstuffs as well as funds, the Nazi regime has taken over large estates and in many instances collectivized agriculture, a procedure fundamentally similar to Russian Communism."
"Adolf Hitler: Man of the Year, 1938", Time; January 2, 1939.
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@maxfan1591 "They suppressed unions, outlawed strikes and collective bargaining, and kept wages low. "
So did every socialist regime. In fact, Hitler was simply imitating Lenin, who had earlier closed down all independent labor associations, factory committees and worker cooperatives, banned strikes, walkouts, and lockouts. Lenin even forced workers to work a slavish 80-hour week. After the Bolsheviks banned all labor unions, one unionist “described the unions as ‘living corpses.’” Any Russian worker who participated in general strikes was arrested, imprisoned or shot. Under Lenin’s regime, workers had no real representation or bargaining rights and were treated like industrial serfs who were chained to their factories. Although Hitler followed Lenin’s nationalizing craze, his treatment of workers did not mimic their Russian counterparts.
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Wrong. Has nothing to do with the embargo.
The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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@bogdanzivkovic8711 : You have no clue what you are talking about.
The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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@calzonelover3950 "What do you think is the better definition of far right?"
If the Far-Left is characterized by socialist ideologies and collectivism in general, then logic dictates, that the Far-Right in return is characterized by capitalist ideologies and individualism in general. Therefore, the epitome of Far-Right is Liberalism as it was put forth by John Locke, i.e. free market and laissez-faire economics and civil liberties under the rule of law, with special emphasis on property rights, individual autonomy, limited government, economic freedom, political freedom and freedom of speech. From there, it is logical to conclude that the Extreme Right would be Anarcho-Capitalism.
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Nazis branded themselves as socialists because that is what they were, and advocating for i.e. socialism on a national level. It had nothing to do with popularity.
"The first three principles were clear, and they are inseparable from each other. Socialism as the final concept of duty, the ethical duty of work, not just for oneself but also for one’s fellow man’s sake, and above all the principle: Common good before own good, a struggle against all parasitism and especially against easy and unearned income. And we were aware that in this fight we can rely on no one but our own people. We are convinced that socialism in the right sense will only be possible in nations and races that are Aryan, and there in the first place we hope for our own people and are convinced that socialism is inseparable from nationalism. (Loud applause)
To be nationalist does not mean for us to belong to one party or another, but to show with every action that one benefits the people; it means love for all the people without exception.From this point of view we will realize that it is necessary to preserve the most precious thing a people has, the sum of all active creative powers of its workers, to keep it healthy in body and soul.(Cheers) And this view of nationalism compels us to immediately form a front against its opposite, the Semitic conception of the idea of people (Volk), and especially against the Semitic concept of work. Since we are socialists, we must necessarily also be antisemites because we want to fight against the very opposite: materialism and mammonism. (Lively bravo!)
And when today the Jew still runs into our factories and says: How can you be a socialist antisemite? Are not you ashamed? – there comes a time in which we will ask: How can you not be an antisemite, being a socialist! (Hear, hear) There comes a time when it will be obvious that socialism can only be carried out accompanied by nationalism and antisemitism. The three concepts are inseparably connected. They are the foundations of our program and therefore we call ourselves National Socialists. (Cheers)"
— "Why We Are Anti-Semites" (August 15, 1920 speech in Munich at the Hofbräuhaus).
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Wrong. That has nothing to do with the definition of Fascism whatsoever. For starters, Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@Authoritarianism-Rising Wrong. Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@robertl4824 "When Hitler took over the party in 1921, he shredded the anti-capitalist parts of the old party's platform."
Wrong. He didn't. Hitler specifically said in many of his speeches, that they are against capitalism and that they are proud socialists.
"Socialism as the final concept of duty, the ethical duty of work, not just for oneself but also for one's fellow man's sake, and above all the principle: Common good before own good, a struggle against all parasitism and especially against easy and unearned income. And we were aware that in this fight we can rely on no one but our own people. We are convinced that socialism in the right sense will only be possible in nations and races that are Aryan, and there in the first place we hope for our own people and are convinced that socialism is inseparable from nationalism ... Since we are socialists, we must necessarily also be antisemites because we want to fight against the very opposite: materialism and mammonism... How can you not be an antisemite, being a socialist!"
"Why We Are Anti-Semites," August 15, 1920 speech in Munich at the Hofbräuhaus.
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@robertl4824 "For their part, businesses welcomed the Nazis' promises to suppress the left. "
The fact that the capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alternative of Marxism or Nazism, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marxists. Capitalists don't like to be killed any more than other people do. Whatever the Nazi's promised, it never happened and this was also noted by the Time magazine.
"Most cruel joke of all, however, has been played by Hitler & Co. on those German capitalists and small businessmen who once backed National Socialism as a means of saving Germany's bourgeois economic structure from radicalism. The Nazi credo that the individual belongs to the state also applies to business. Some businesses have been confiscated outright, on others what amounts to a capital tax has been levied. Profits have been strictly controlled. Some idea of the increasing Governmental control and interference in business could be deduced from the fact that 80% of all building and 50% of all industrial orders in Germany originated last year with the Government. Hard-pressed for foodstuffs as well as funds, the Nazi regime has taken over large estates and in many instances collectivized agriculture, a procedure fundamentally similar to Russian Communism."
"Adolf Hitler: Man of the Year, 1938", Time; January 2, 1939.
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"It is inherently capitalist and profit-seeking, not soci alist and public-oriented. "
Wrong. Fas cism was one of the branches of soci alism and it opposed capitalism and profiteering. Mussolini, who was a socia list, specifically reiterated that capita lism, as an economic system, was not viable. Fasc ist economy was to be based not on individual profit but on collective interest.
"To-day we can affirm that the capit alistic method of production is out of date. So is the doctrine of laissez-faire, the theoretical basis of capita lism… To-day we are taking a new and decisive step in the path of revolution. A revolution, in order to be great, must be a social revol ution.“
— Benito Mussolini , Speech on November 14, 1933
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@robcrawford5165 "The capitalist class was in power before Mussolini became a Dictator. It is in power to-day with Muss olini at its head. "
Certainly they were not under Mussolini. His party and the Fasc ist Grand Council was purely formed from Syndicalists. On the contrary, Mussolini literally stated that the capitalist class will have to do what he wants them to do.
"The Fascist State directs and controls the entrepreneurs, whether it be in our fisheries or in our heavy industry in the Val d'Aosta. There the State actually owns the mines and carries on transport, for the railways are state property. So are many of the factories… We term it state intervention… If anything fails to work properly, the State intervenes. The capitalists will go on doing what they are told, down to the very end. They have no option and cannot put up any fight. Capital is not God; it is only a means to an end."
Talks with Mussolini, Emil Ludwig, Boston, MA, Little, Brown and Company (1933)
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@robcrawford5165 "Name one. ONE business Mussolini nationalized. Give me the cite. Mussolini did NOT nationalize a single private business in Italy during his regime. Daniel Guérin, Fascism and Big Business, 1999."
We can start with the Bank Reform Act in 1936, when the Bank of Italy and most of the other major banks became government entities. Also according to Mussolini himself:
"The Fascist State directs and controls the entrepreneurs, whether it be in our fisheries or in our heavy industry in the Val d'Aosta. There the State actually owns the mines and carries on transport, for the railways are state property. So are many of the factories… We term it state intervention… If anything fails to work properly, the State intervenes. The capitalists will go on doing what they are told, down to the very end. They have no option and cannot put up any fight. Capital is not God; it is only a means to an end."
Talks with Mussolini, Emil Ludwig, Boston, MA, Little, Brown and Company (1933)
"Three-fourths of the Italian economy, industrial and agricultural, is in the hands of the state. And if I dare to introduce to Italy state capitalism or state socialism, which is the reverse side of the medal, I will have the necessary subjective and objective conditions to do it."
Mussolini’s speech to the Chamber of Deputies on May 26, 1934
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@robcrawford5165 "and holds that clearly divided classes are necessary and the State's power depends on the maintenance of a system in which every person has a definite, unchangeable, specific role in glorifying the state. "
They didn't divide people in classes. This is where the corporatism comes in, which holds that all aspects of Society should be organized into Corporations, some use the word Syndicates, which are nationalized Unions that then elect their own members into government as well as democratically run their workspaces. Each profession and field has their own Syndicate, which in turn, operates symbiotically with its composed members. Private enterprise, if it exists at all, is only for the benefit of the State, in which these Syndicates are inseparable from.
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@robcrawford5165 "The Bank of Italy was never nationalized; it was given power to supervise other banks. It remained in private hands."
It was nationalized and under the control of the Government.
"In the context of preparations for war (the invasion of Ethiopia started in 1935) and under IRI, the Banking Law was drafted. The first part of the Law, which is still in force, defined the Bank of Italy as “a public law institution” and entrusted it definitively with the function of monetary issue (no longer just a concession); individual shareholdings were expropriated and equity was reserved to financial institutions of public relevance; the Bank was prohibited from discounting bills itself to non-banks, underscoring its function as banker to banks. A second part of the law (repealed almost completely in 1993) concerned credit and financial supervision, totally revamping the credit system via a separation between banking and industry and between short- and long-term credit; it determined that banking was an activity of public interest; it concentrated supervision in the Inspectorate for the defence of savings and the exercise of credit (a newly created state body), chaired by the Governor and using resources and personnel of the Bank of Italy, but directed by a ministerial committee chaired by the Prime Minister. Aware of the new developments in economics and the challenge posed by a world in the throes of violent change, Governor Azzolini initiated the creation of a modern research service, taking on professional economists. At the end of 1936, the long-awaited devaluation of the lira stimulated economic recovery and improved the balance of payments. At the same time, by a simple ministerial decree, all limits on State borrowing from the Central Bank were abolished. The autonomy of the Bank was at its nadir."
- Bankpedia
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@regisglass5464: "again, you are entitled to believe fascism supported right wing socialism"
There is nothing to believe nor is this a matter of belief. There is no such thing as "rig ht win g social ism". They supported just socia lism.
/ / / / / /
@regisglass5464: "Not sure what you mean by this, but thank you for agreeing fascism is right winged."
Wrong. Fasc ism had nothing to do with right wi ng of any kind what soever. The fas cists wanted to move to the right from marx ism, not into the right side of the spectrum. It was a totalita rian far-left, soci alist ideology based on national syndicalism.
/ / / / / /
@regisglass5464: "A stated, you are entitled to pretend corporations aren't capitalist"
There is nothing to pretend. There were no modern business / capit alist corporations in fasc ism. You just do not under stand what that word means, because you are am ur ican. Maybe you should do your homework before com menting. The word does not mean what you think it means.
/ / / / / /
@regisglass5464: "to pretend Mu ssolini's corporations are left lea ning."
Syndic alism / Trade union ism under Mussolini was left leaning. Had nothing to do with modern business corporations.
/ / / / / /
@regisglass5464: "Or why not quote Mussolini on the capit alist model he used?"
There is nothing to quote. Mussolini never used one. He used socia lism.
/ / / / / /
@regisglass5464: "Then kindly name any conservative group or individual that defends the indivi dual rights of LG BTQ peo ple."
Haven't looked into them, because I don't care and it is irrelevant when discussing about fas cism. Conse rvatism has nothing to do with this subject, especially the am urica n version. Again, conserva tism is relative. Is it too hard for am urica ns to understand? Again, conse rvatism has nothing to do with this subject. Mussolini didn't consider his movement to be conservative. On the contrary, he claimed that the Italian Socia list Party was conservative.
/ / / / / /
@regisglass5464: "Seems odd you have such trouble answering if all rig ht wi ng ideology are about individual right s."
They certainly are. Seems odd you have such trouble understanding that there is no definitive connection between right wing and conservat ism. Even Wiki knows this: "The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization in which it appears ... There is no single set of policies regarded as conservative because the meaning of conservatism depends on what is considered traditional in a given place and time."
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@lefttoitall2982 "This is how fascism operates."
This is how fascism operated, quote from their "Doctrine of Fascism":
"Anti-individualistic, the Fasc ist conception of life stresses the importance of the St ate and accepts the individual only in so far as his interests coincide with those of the State, which stands for the conscience and the universal, will of man as a historic entity. It is opposed to clas sical liberali sm which arose as a reaction to abso lutism and exhausted its historical function when the State became the expression of the conscience and will of the people. Liber alism denied the State in the name of the individual; Fas cism reasserts The rights of the State as expressing the real essence of the individual. And if liberty is to he the attribute of living men and not of abstract dummies invented by individualistic liberalism, then Fasc ism stands for liberty, and for the only liberty worth having, the liberty of the State and of the individual within the State. The Fas cist conception of the State is all embracing; outside of it no human or spiritual values can exist, much less have value. Thus und erstood, Fas cism, is totalitar ian, and the Fa scist State - a synthesis and a unit inclusive of all values - interprets, develops, and potentates the whole life of a people."
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@NightWing1800 You have no clue about Fascism and you seem to conflate it with National Socialism. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
Regarding Trump, he has nothing to do with Fascism nor National Socialism whatsoever, nor does any American mainstream politician for that matter.
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@aidnic901 : Nope.
The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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"Soci alism as the final concept of duty, the ethical duty of work, not just for oneself but also for one's fellow man's sake, and above all the principle: Common good before own good, a struggle against all par asiti sm and especially against easy and unearned income. And we were aware that in this fight we can rely on no one but our own people. We are convinced that socia lism in the right sense will only be possible in nations and races that are Ary an, and there in the first place we hope for our own people and are convinced that socia lism is inseparable from nationalism ... Since we are socia lists, we must necessarily also be an tisem ites because we want to fight against the very opposite: materialism and mammonism... How can you not be an an tise mite, being a socia list!"
-Ad olf Hit ler, "Why We Are An ti-Se mit es," August 15, 1920 speech in Munich at the Hofbräuhaus.
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@JensErikAndreasen Also when it comes to their name, they called the party as such, because they were advocating for socialism on a national level.
"The first three principles were clear, and they are inseparable from each other. Socialism as the final concept of duty, the ethical duty of work, not just for oneself but also for one’s fellow man’s sake, and above all the principle: Common good before own good, a struggle against all parasitism and especially against easy and unearned income. And we were aware that in this fight we can rely on no one but our own people. We are convinced that socialism in the right sense will only be possible in nations and races that are Aryan, and there in the first place we hope for our own people and are convinced that socialism is inseparable from nationalism. (Loud applause)
To be nationalist does not mean for us to belong to one party or another, but to show with every action that one benefits the people; it means love for all the people without exception.From this point of view we will realize that it is necessary to preserve the most precious thing a people has, the sum of all active creative powers of its workers, to keep it healthy in body and soul.(Cheers) And this view of nationalism compels us to immediately form a front against its opposite, the Semitic conception of the idea of people (Volk), and especially against the Semitic concept of work. Since we are socialists, we must necessarily also be antisemites because we want to fight against the very opposite: materialism and mammonism. (Lively bravo!)
And when today the Jew still runs into our factories and says: How can you be a socialist antisemite? Are not you ashamed? – there comes a time in which we will ask: How can you not be an antisemite, being a socialist! (Hear, hear) There comes a time when it will be obvious that socialism can only be carried out accompanied by nationalism and antisemitism. The three concepts are inseparably connected. They are the foundations of our program and therefore we call ourselves National Socialists. (Cheers)"
— "Why We Are Anti-Semites" (August 15, 1920 speech in Munich at the Hofbräuhaus).
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@willtheoct "Fas cism is a police state, where few rule and subjugate others, and left unchecked, the psychopaths at the top conduct experiments on humans in larger and larger number as they get more and more bored."
While fasc ism certainly was totalitarian, it was way more than that. Fasc ism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Mar xist soc ialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose wasn't the promotion of private interest, but the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
Ideologically, where the Fasc ists diverged from the Marx ists was in their rejection of the narrative of class warfare, which they saw as utterly repudiated by the behavior of "the proletariat" during World War I, where rather than join together in a mutual overthrow of capitalism, the working class of each country stayed in lockstep with national loyalties and slaughtered their supposed foreign class brethren. Both the Fasc ists and Marxi sts despised Liberalism, and saw it as having a perverse role in atomizing the individual from society. Mussolini's favored intellectual, Giovanni Gentile, freely acknowledged Fas cism' kinship with Mar xism through Sorellian Syndic alism.
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Nothing to do with the embargo.
The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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@ewww21 Also regarding the definition of Fascism, it was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@user-xn8nx2xj8y Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel (Sorelianism). It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@dustymiller65 You are joking, right??
The embargo does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not dictate that the cows are state property, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The embargo did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The embargo is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;"
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@maxfan1591 Wrong. They were far-left socialists.
The fact that the capitalists and entrepreneurs, faced with the alternative of Marxism or Nazism, chose the latter, does not require any further explanation. They preferred to live as shop managers under Hitler than to be "liquidated" as "bourgeois" by Marxists. Capitalists don't like to be killed any more than other people do.
Nazis believed, just like the Fascists, that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society.
They were politically, socially and econo mically anti-cons ervative, since they didn't want to preserve the status quo nor did they want to bring back Monarchy / Kaiser. The conservatives thought Hitler would end the Republic and bring back Mon archy and Kaiser. They were wrong.
Hitler's point was that Marxism must be rejected NOT because it is soci alist, but because it is in cahoots with international finance capital. In fact, Hitler thought the Marxists were INSINCERE about their socialism. This being-in-cahoots of capitalism and Marxism (through the Je ws) is the MAIN point made in Mein Kampf. And is the reason why, for the Nazis, socialism had to become nationalist. That socialism had to become nationalist, did not, however, mean that it went right-wing.
Owning prop erty was made conditi onal and private property rights were abolished with the Reich stag fire decree on February 28, 1933. The Na zis suspended a number of articles of the Weimar Constitution; Among these were Article 115 and Article 153. Article 115 said: "The dw elling of every German is his sanctuary and is inviolable. Exceptions may be imposed by authority of law." Article 153 also guaranteed property. Obviously, they did not confiscate everyone's property, however all pro perty always could be confiscated by the state and a certain amount was. Industry was divided into 13 sectors and placed under the control of the state.
They nationalized unions into one single nation wide union known as the Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF, or German La bor Front). The DAF created a single overarching labor union. Essentially all Ger man workers and employees in every economic sector belonged to the DAF. For example, far mers were coordinated into the Reich Food Estate. While traditional unions prioritized workers’ rights, the DAF emphasized national economic goals above personal well-being.
Under the newly created Ger man Labor Front (DAF), the Na zis set high wages, overtime pay was generous, and dismissal of workers by employers was difficult to execute, but inflation and stricter labor laws eroded much of that advantage.
It was a well known fact before and during the war, that Hi tler's National Soci alist party was an alter native, socialist school of thought which rejected the marxist version of socialism, and capitalism respectively... hence they called themselves a 3rd position.
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@zuzz2216 Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@zuzz2216 " its core principles—such as nationalism, corporatism, class collaboration, and the use of state power to uphold existing hierarchies"
Nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever.
Nationalism is a form of collectivism, advocated by the Left. Nationalism is devotion to the State which sees all other states as inferior and in competition. Right wing ideologies do not embrace Nationalism, but rather Patriotism. In all Right wing ideologies, the Individual is superior to the State.
Corporatism ("corporativismo" in Italian) was how Fascists organized their socialist economy, and it was one of the cornerstone principles in Mussolini's fascism, and had to do with the way society and the economy would be organized, with state power at the head of a system of nationalized syndicates ("corporazione") representing each major industry. Mussolini's corporatist view stressed total state power over businesses as much as over individuals, via these governing industry bodies controlled by the Fascist party, in which businesses retained the responsibilities of property, but few if any of the freedoms.
Class collaboration was their collectivist method to put everyone under the iron boot of the State apparatus. As Mussolini himself neatly put it; "“The State exists for all the people, but is also above the people, and, if necessary, against the people. . . . It is against them whenever they attempt to place their particular interests above the general interests of the Nation. ... It is the purpose of Fascism to unify the Nation through the sovereign State, the State which is above all and can be against all, because it represents the moral continuity of the Nation. Without State there is no Nation.”"
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@matthewkopp2391 "tell that to Audi, BMW, Commerzbank, Deutsch-Amerikanische Petroleum Gesellschaft, Deutsche Bank, Ford, IBM, IG Farben, Kontinentale Öl, Krupp, Maggi, Mercedes Benz, Merck, Porsche, Shell, Siemens, Volkswagen, Zeppelin and dozens of others."
Not only almost all of them were nationalized, but also they were owned by either NSDAP directly such as Volkswagen or by individual NSDAP members, like KRUPP, Porsche etc. This also has nothing to do with Fascism btw, which was Mussolini's ideology. You are talking about National Socialism here, hun. Both ideologies nationalized their industry and put it under strict government control. Go read some history before making 'delusional' comments.
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"And don't pretend Cuba isn't crap because of your embargoes. Cvnts."
The embargo does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The embargo does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The embargo did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The embargo is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The embargo is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;"
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The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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Wrong definition and Trump has nothing to do with Fascism. It was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@NJames-dh6kz : If we go with the simplified definition given by Mussolini:
"Fascism should more appropriately be called Corporatism because it is a merger of state and corporate power."
or if we go with the more in depth definition given by Giovanni Gentile:
"The Fascist, on the other hand, conceives philosophy as a philosophy of practice (”praxis”). That concept was the product of certain Marxist and Sorellian inspirations (many Fascists and the Duce, himself, received their first intellectual education in the school of Marx and Sorel)—as well as the influence of contemporary Italian idealistic doctrines from which Fascist mentality drew substance and achieved maturity.“
"It is necessary to distinguish between socialism and socialism—in fact, between idea and idea of the same socialist conception, in order to distinguish among them those that are inimical to Fascism. It is well known that Sorellian syndicalism, out of which the thought and the political method of Fascism emerged—conceived itself the genuine interpretation of Marxist communism. The dynamic conception of history, in which force as violence functions as an essential, is of unquestioned Marxist origin. Those notions flowed into other currents of contemporary thought, that have themselves, via alternative routes, arrived at a vindication of the form of State—implacable, but absolutely rational—that finds historic necessity in the very spiritual dynamism through which it realizes itself."
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@patchworkpants : Before anyone talks about Fascism, it should be defined first; Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
Now, for obvious reasons, Fascism has nothing to do with modern day American politics nor with any of their political movements in general.
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@vcxz5248 "F asci sm aris es when establishment rig ht-wi ng conservatives, fa sci sts , busi ness elite s and others join forces to take down dem ocracy and form an authoritarian state when the l eft-wi ng becomes too powerful and is poised to take over ( like a soci ali st or com mun ist uprising)"
Fascism was a political ideology and philosophy which rejected individualism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism, in which the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism. They opposed liberal capitalism, but also international socialism, hence the concept of a “third way,” their centralized economic policies obeyed collectivist and socialist principles, openly opposing capitalism and the free market, favoring nationalism and autarchy.
The fundam ental diffe rences between le ft-wi ng and rig ht-wi ng ideologies center around the the rights of individuals vs. the power of the go vernment. Le ft-w ing beliefs are liberal in that they believe society is best served with an expanded role for the gov ernment. People on the right believe that the best outcome for society is achieved when individual rights and civil liberties are paramount and the role — and especially the power — of the govern ment is minimized.
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"A generally accepted definition of fascism is “extreme right wing authoritarian nationalism” ... so an authoritarian who is an extreme right wing nationalist is a fascist. "
Wrong. That is just amu rican propa ganda. Extreme right wing would be Anarcho-Capitalism. Fascism on the other hand, was a totalitarian far-left, socialist ideology based on national syndicalism. Nothing to do with right wing of any kind whatsoever. Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose wasn't the promotion of private interest, but the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
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"Having the most restric ting trade blockade in the world placed on you tends to do that sort of thing. ... The only reason Cu ba is so poor is because JF K got a little too spooked out during the miss ile crisis and no one decided to lift sanc tions when the Co ld War was over. La Yuma doesn’t have sancti ons that oppressive on even Nor th Kore a (which yeah isn’t actually comm unist by the way. "
The blockade does not prohibit fishermen in Cuba from fishing, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not confiscate what farmers harvest, the dictatorship does;
The blockade does not prohibit Cubans on the island from doing business freely, the dictatorship does;
The blockade did not destroy every sugar mill, textile factory, shoe store, canning factory, the dictatorship did;
The blockade is not responsible for Cubans being paid with worthless pesos and stores sell you products with American dollars; the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that Cubans are beaten and imprisoned for thinking differently, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible that there are hundreds of Cuban political prisoners who have not committed any crime, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for sending Cubans US dollars that they give to you in worthless pesos in the Western Union, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for the dictatorship building hotels and the roofs that fall on Cubans' heads, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for hospitals in Cuba that are disgusting, the dictatorship is;
The blockade is not responsible for not having water in homes, for not maintaining the aqueduct system, the dictatorship is;
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@RictusHolloweye : Correct, tending to the "right" from Marxism, which is what they were fighting against. You see, it was not a battle of left against right, but a struggle between different left-wing ideologies, an internationalist and a nationalist one.
"Our programs are definitely equal to our revolutionary ideas and they belong to what in democratic regime is called “le ft”; our institutions are a direct result of our programs and our ideal is the La bor Sta te. In this case there can be no doubt: we are the working class in struggle for life and death, against ca pitali sm. We are the revolutionaries in search of a new order. If this is so, to invoke help from the bourgeoisie by waving the red peril is an absurdity. The real scarecrow, the real danger, the threat against which we fight relentlessly, comes from the right. It is not at all in our interest to have the cap ital ist bourgeoisie as an ally against the threat of the red peril, even at best it would be an unfaithful ally, which is trying to make us serve its ends, as it has done more than once with some success. I will spare words as it is totally superfluous. In fact, it is harmful, because it makes us confuse the types of genuine revolutionaries of whatever hue, with the man of reaction who sometimes uses our very language.”
— Benito Mussolini
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@RictusHolloweye : It doesn't contradict anything. Ma rxis m is not the only form of so ci alis m. It's not rocket science. While Ma rxi sm tried to achieve com muni sm, a classless and stateless utop ia using so ciali sm, fas cis m (and Adolf's natio nal soc iali sm) argued that on the contrary, so cialis m should be used to bring forth the ultimate state.
"It is necessary to distinguish between soc iali sm and so ciali sm—in fact, between idea and idea of the same socialist conception, in order to distinguish among them those that are inimical to Fa sci sm. It is well known that Sorellian syn dicali sm, out of which the thought and the political method of Fas cism emerged—conceived itself the genuine interpretation of Marx ist com muni sm. The dynamic conception of history, in which force as violence functions as an essential, is of unquestioned Marx ist origin. Those notions flowed into other currents of contemporary thought, that have themselves, via alternative routes, arrived at a vindication of the form of State—implacable, but absolutely rational—that finds historic necessity in the very spiritual dynamism through which it realizes itself.“
"The Fas cist, on the other hand, conceives philosophy as a philosophy of practice (”praxis”). That concept was the product of certain Mar xist and Sorellian inspirations (many Fas cists and the Duce, himself, received their first intellectual education in the school of Marx and Sorel)—as well as the influence of contemporary Italian idealistic doctrines from which Fas cist mentality drew substance and achieved maturity.“
— Giovanni Gentile, “The Philosophy of Fas cism” / "Origins and Doctrine of Fas cism"
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@AnthonyDoesYouTube : North Korea has nothing to do with Fascism either. Now what does someone needs to do before being considered fascist? Glad you asked; Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@TenebrisNatus "The core of fascist ideology is anti socialism, "
Wrong. Fascism was never anti-socialist. They were specifically anti-Marxist. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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"It's Right wing."
Wrong. Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. It was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism comes from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@rising3813 "rolled back worker rights "
Well actually no. Following the Nazis’ “Socialism of Deed” ideology, all sorts of revolutionary new social and entertainment programs were provided to German workers via the “Strength through Joy” (Kraft durch Freude, or KdF), considered the world’s biggest tour operators. The KdF program, which was designed to provide affordable leisure activities, included such amenities as subsidized domestic or foreign vacations, parks, ocean cruises, construction of worker canteens that provided subsidized hot meals, factory libraries and gardens, sport facilities and swimming pools, adult education courses, periodic breaks, orchestras during lunch break, tickets to concerts and operas, no-cost physical education, gymnastic and sports training. The DAF-subsidized holiday vacations were so popular that by 1938 over 10.3 million Germans signed up. In any event, workers had more rights under Hitler than they ever had back in the USSR.
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@franko2886 : Nope. I'm citing historical facts. Fascism was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@django3422 "No, fasc ism was born from the ideologies of people like Gabriele D'Annunzio. People who hated sociali sm."
Fas cists didn't hate socia lism. They hated ma rxism. Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxi st sociali sm. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose wasn't the promotion of private interest, but the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
Ideologically, where the Fascists diverged from the Marxists was in their rejection of the narrative of class warfare, which they saw as utterly repudiated by the behavior of "the proletariat" during World War I, where rather than join together in a mutual overthrow of capitalism, the working class of each country stayed in lockstep with national loyalties and slaughtered their supposed foreign class brethren. Both the Fascists and Marxists despised Liberalism, and saw it as having a perverse role in atomizing the individual from society. Mussolini's favored intellectual, Giovanni Gentile, freely acknowledged Fascism' kinship with Marxism through Sorellian Syndicalism.
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@dyne313 "Fascism IS NOT left wing ... Fascism is a far right ideology."
Wrong. It was, a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@dyne313 "Yo, Hitler wasn't a fan of trade unions ... That's like a hallmark of "Left Wing"."
No socialist regime was a fan them. Every single socialist regime shut down independent unions. Not sure how Hitler is related to this conversation, but interestingly enough, both Hitler and Mussolini were simply imitating Lenin, who had earlier closed down all independent labor associations, factory committees and worker cooperatives, banned strikes, walkouts, and lockouts. Lenin even forced workers to work a slavish 80-hour week. After the Bolsheviks banned all labor unions, one unionist “described the unions as ‘living corpses.’” Any Russian worker who participated in general strikes was arrested, imprisoned or shot. Under Lenin’s regime, workers had no real representation or bargaining rights and were treated like industrial serfs who were chained to their factories. Although Hitler and Mussolini followed Lenin’s nationalizing craze, their treatment of workers did not mimic their Russian counterparts.
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@tandrew7175 "Hence, the way in which the Italians first referred to Mus solini’s power as corp orate state."
Corporate as in nationa lized trade unio nism / syndi calism. Stop using wo rds that you do not understand.
"We are, in other words, a state which controls all forces acting in nature. We control political forces, we control moral forces we control economic forces, therefore we are a full-blown Corp orative state. We stand for a new principle in the world, we stand for sheer, categorical, definitive antithesis to the world of democracy, plutocracy, free-masonry, to the world which still abides by the fundamental principles laid down in 1789."
Spe ech before the new Natio nal Directory of the Party, April 7, 1926, in Discorsi del 1926, Milano, Alpes, 1927, p. 120
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"and explains why the Nazis went after Socialist and Trade Unionists first."
Every socialist regime went after their socialist rivals first, including the Bolsheviks. In fact, Hitler and Mussolini were simply imitating Lenin, who had earlier closed down all independent labor associations, factory committees and worker cooperatives, banned strikes, walkouts, and lockouts. Lenin even forced workers to work a slavish 80-hour week. After the Bolsheviks banned all labor unions, one unionist “described the unions as ‘living corpses.’” Any Russian worker who participated in general strikes was arrested, imprisoned or shot. Under Lenin’s regime, workers had no real representation or bargaining rights and were treated like industrial serfs who were chained to their factories. Although Hitler and Mussolini followed Lenin’s nationalizing craze, their treatment of workers did not mimic their Russian counterparts.
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@Freddie Ban-Murray: "Fa scis m is a form of com plete auth ority from one person or government"
Well no, that is just what we call auth oritaria nism and fasc ism was way more than that. F asci sm was a politi cal ideology and philos ophy that reject ed indivi dualism, ca pitalism, liberalism/demo cracy, and co mmun ism, in which the means of production is organized by national worker syndi cals (i.e. trade uni ons), and the guiding philos ophy of the state is Actual Idealism.
---
@Freddie Ban-Murray: "Capi talism is not demo cracy, soci alism is rejection of capit alism not demo cracy"
You are not making any sense. Capita lism and soc iali sm both are eco nomic models and have nothing to do with demo cra cy, which is a polit ical mo del.
---
@Freddie Ban-Murray: "To call Starlin even remotely marx ist shows you lack of understanding on the subject"
He adhered to the Leni nist interpretation of Marx ism, later he forma lised these ideas as Marx ism–Lenin ism, while his own policies are called Stal inism.
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Wrong. Fascism had nothing to do with right wing of any kind whatsoever. On the contrary, it was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, and marxism. The means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism.
Fascism was an outgrowth of Sorellian Syndicalism, which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism. The idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the state, or "embody" the state (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the state, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
As created by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, Fascism comes from a belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its dictatorship cannot achieve Socialism, and that only the State can properly organize a Socialist Society. It cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
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@pascalsolal "Fascism is built upon the idea that inequalities are natural, whereas socialists, on the contrary, considers that all men are born equal."
Except Fascism considered everyone to be equal, whilst having different functions, under the iron boot of the State. Fascism was built upon the idea that everyone would be unified under the "supreme" State. Fascism was the ultimate cult of the "welfare state".
“The State exists for all the people, but is also above the people, and, if necessary, against the people. It is against them whenever they attempt to place their particular interests above the general interests of the Nation ... It is the purpose of Fascism to unify the Nation through the sovereign State, the State which is above all and can be against all, because it represents the moral continuity of the Nation. Without State there is no Nation.”
- Mussolini, speech on August 8th, 1925.
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@ehanson6537 "Below is the Oxford dictionary definition below."
And that is a wrong defintion and has no historical basis. Fascism had nothing to do with Right wing of any kind whatsoever. It was a totalitarian far-left, socialist 3rd position ideology based on National Syndicalism which they adapted from a French Marxist, known as Georges Sorel. It rejected individualism, capitalism, liberalism, democracy, and marxist interpretation of socialism ("class warfare"). Instead, it advocated for class collaboration where the means of production was organized by national worker syndicals (i.e. trade unions / Fascist Corporatism), and the guiding philosophy of the state was Actual Idealism (Neo-Hegelianism).
Being an outgrowth of Sorelian Syndicalism, (which itself was an outgrowth from Marxist socialism), its idea was that society would be consolidated (i.e., incorporated) into syndicates (in the Italian context, fascio/fasci) which would be regulated by and serve as organs for the State, or "embody" the State (corpus = body). The purpose was the centralization and synchronization of society under the State, as an end unto itself. To quote Mussolini's infamous aphorism: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State."
As finalized by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile ("the Doctrine of Fascism"), Fascism came from the belief that the "Stateless and Classless society" Communism calls for after its "dictatorship of the proletariat" cannot be achieved, and that only the State can properly organize a socialist society. Therefore, Fascism cared about unity in a strong central government with society being brought together by syndicalist organizations obedient to the State.
[01] "La Dottrina Del Fascismo / the Doctrine of Fascism", by Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile
[02] "Che cosa è il Fascismo: Discorsi e polemiche / Origins and Doctrine of Fascism", by Giovanni Gentile
[03] "the Philosophy of Fascism", by Mario Palmieri
[04] "Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice", by Renzo De Felice
[05] "Mussolini's Intellectuals", by A. James Gregor
[06] "La Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni", by Rabaglietti Giuseppe & Sergio Panunzio
[07] "Teoria generale dello Stato Fascista", by Sergio Panunzio
[08] "The Birth of Fascist Ideology" by Zeev Sternhell
[09] Any work from Emilio Gentile
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@Worldmisery "I don't really agree with the view that fascists are statist first and nationalist second. "
You don't have to agree, however that is reality and what their dogma teached and what the Fascists themselves believed.
"7. Anti-individualistic, the Fascist conception is for the State; and it is for the individual only in so far as he coincides with the State, which is the conscience and universal will of man in his historical existence. It is opposed to classical liberalism, which arose as a reaction to absolutism and exhausted its historical function when the State was transformed into the conscience and will of the people. Liberalism denied the State in the interest of the particular individual; Fascism reasserts the State as the true reality of the individual. And if liberty is to be the attribute of real men, and not of abstract puppets invented by individualistic liberalism, then Fascism is for liberty, and for the only liberty which can be real, the liberty of the State and of the individual within the State. Therefore, for the Fascist, everything is in the State, and outside of it nothing human or spiritual can exist, much less have value. In this sense Fascism is totalitarian, and the Fascist State—the synthesis and unity of all values—interprets, develops, and potentiates the whole life of the people."
"10. This higher personality is the nation in so far as it is the State. It is not the nation that generates the State, as according to the old naturalistic concept which served as the basis of the political theories of the nation-states of the nineteenth century. Rather the nation is created by the State, which gives to the people, conscious of their moral unity, a will and therefore an effective existence. The right of a nation to independence derives not from a literary and ideal consciousness of its own being, still less from a more or less unconscious and inert acceptance of a de facto situation, but from an active consciousness, from a political will in action and ready to demonstrate its own rights: that is to say from a state already coming into being. The State, in fact, as the universal ethical will, is the creator of the right to national independence."
- the Doctrine of Fascism
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@Worldmisery "They use the state to do what? Silence people. Like who? Like people who aren't nationalists and especially people who have internationalist beliefs like peace, racial equality and cultural tolerance. "
They wanted to use the State to "shape a new man" which would be completely subservient to the "supreme State", and to the nation it governs. I guess it could be more easier to understand, if you imagine Theocracy and replace the religion and God with the State itself.
"12. The Fascist State, as a higher and more powerful expression of personality, is a force, but a spiritual one. It sums up all the manifestations of the moral and intellectual life of man. Its functions cannot therefore be limited to those of enforcing order and keeping the peace, as the liberal doctrine had it. It is no mere mechanical device for defining the sphere within which the individual may duly exercise his supposed rights. The Fascist State is an inwardly accepted standard and rule of conduct, a discipline of the whole person; it permeates the will no less than the intellect. It stands for a principle which becomes the central motive of man as a member of civilized society, sinking deep down into his personality; it dwells in the heart of the man of action and of the thinker, of the artist and of the man of science: soul of the soul."
- the Doctrine of Fascism
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