Hearted Youtube comments on Mathologer (@Mathologer) channel.
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For the grid problem, sum up every the possible 2*2 suqare exactly once. Notice that the total amount of times red, green, yellow, purple appeared MUST BE EQUAL. The corner squares are counted once, the edge suqares are counted twice (it is calculated in 2 of the 2*2 suqare), and the squares in the middle are calculated 4 times(it is in 4 of the 2*2 squares). Since the total amount of 2*2 squares is ODD, every color must appear an ODD number of times. Ans since only the corner squares are counted an ODD number of times, each color MUST appear in the corner square. QED.
By the same argument, we can show that every color appears on the corner of the 4n*4n*4n cube, if it is colored with 8 colors such that every 2*2*2 cube consist of 8 distinct colors.
We can generalize this further to m dimentional cube with 4n as its sides.
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4:54 This actually isn't quite the origin of the name. From Wikipedia:
Dirichlet published his works in both French and German, using either the German Schubfach or the French tiroir. The strict original meaning of these terms corresponds to the English drawer, that is, an open-topped box that can be slid in and out of the cabinet that contains it. (Dirichlet wrote about distributing pearls among drawers.) These terms were morphed to the word pigeonhole in the sense of a small open space in a desk, cabinet, or wall for keeping letters or papers, metaphorically rooted in structures that house pigeons.
Because furniture with pigeonholes is commonly used for storing or sorting things into many categories (such as letters in a post office or room keys in a hotel), the translation pigeonhole may be a better rendering of Dirichlet's original drawer metaphor. That understanding of the term pigeonhole, referring to some furniture features, is fading—especially among those who do not speak English natively but as a lingua franca in the scientific world—in favour of the more pictorial interpretation, literally involving pigeons and holes. The suggestive (though not misleading) interpretation of "pigeonhole" as "dovecote" has lately found its way back to a German back-translation of the "pigeonhole principle" as the "Taubenschlagprinzip".
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