Hearted Youtube comments on Mathologer (@Mathologer) channel.

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  22. I like the Pigeons at the Olympiad proof best. For the challenge at the end of chapter 3: Because every repeating decimal can be written in the form (x+y)/10^n + x/10^2n + x/10^3n ... for some integers x,n,y. We can factor out x, and we can rewrite: 1/10^n + 1/10^2n + 1/10^3n ... as 1/(10^n - 1) Noticing that when n is an integer, 10^n and (10^n)-1 are integers, we have the sum of two rationals, y/10^n + x/(10^n - 1) which is therefore rational, QED. For the challenge at the end of chapter 6: 7 integers from 1 to 100 such that no 2 different collections from that set have the same sum: {1,2,4,8,16,32,64} This is easily seen by putting the sum in binary form. Each bit in the sum is set by exactly one number from the collection, so if collection A sets a given bit, disjoint collection B lacks the only element that can set it. For the think-about-it pause at the beginning of chapter 7, I found a much harder and clunkier solution: There are 2*3*4 = 48 permutation of 4 cards. That's almost enough to pick out 1 card among 52 - if only somebody removed 4 cards from the deck. But somebody did! The mystery card can't be any of the 4 cards you passed to your assistant, which leaves 48. So we place some natural ordering on the 4 cards. Say, suit is the primary sort key and number/jack/queen/king is the secondary. We also number the permutations of 4 items - so we have a table that gives us a bijection from a permutation like C D A B to/from a unique index. And we number the remaining cards in the deck. Same idea: force an ordering, make a table. Then we look up that card in the deck table, look up that index in the permutations, and arrange the cards in that permutation. Our assistant does the reverse: Sees what permutation we handed him, looks up its index, constructs a deck table for the ordered deck minus the 4 cards he sees, looks up the permutation index in that, and announces that card as his answer. Ta daah, except that we need to build large tables on the fly. On the plus side, we can do it for any mystery card, we don't have to choose it ourselves from among 5 cards.
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